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Nektar TherapeuticsACURA PHARMACEUTICALS, INC FORM 10-K (Annual Report) Filed 02/29/16 for the Period Ending 12/31/15 Address Telephone CIK Symbol SIC Code Industry 616 N. NORTH COURT, SUITE 120 PALATINE, IL 60067 847-705-7709 0000786947 ACUR 2834 - Pharmaceutical Preparations Biotechnology & Drugs Sector Healthcare Fiscal Year 12/31 http://www.edgar-online.com © Copyright 2016, EDGAR Online, Inc. All Rights Reserved. Distribution and use of this document restricted under EDGAR Online, Inc. Terms of Use. UNITED STATESSECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSIONWashington, D.C. 20549 FORM 10-K (Mark One) xANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGEACT OF 1934 FOR THE FISCAL YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2015OroTRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934For the transition period from _____ to _____ Commission file number 1-10113 ACURA PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter) New York11-0853640(State or other jurisdiction of Incorporation or organization)(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.) 616 N. North Court, Suite 120, Palatine, Illinois60067(Address of principal administrative office)(Zip code) Registrant's telephone number, including area code: 847 705 7709 Securities registered pursuant to section 12(b) of the Act:Common Stock, par value $0.01 per share Name of each exchange on which registered:NASDAQ Capital MarketSecurities registered pursuant to section 12(g) of the Act:(Title of Class)None Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act.Yes ¨ No x Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act.Yes ¨ No x Indicate by check mark whether the registrant: (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during thepreceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for thepast 90 days. Yes x No ¨ Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to besubmitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that theregistrant was required to submit and post such files). Yes x No ¨ Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K (§229.405 of this chapter is not contained herein, and will not becontained, to the best of registrant's knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or anyamendment to this Form 10-K. x Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company. ¨ Large Accelerated Filer ¨ Accelerated Filer ¨ Non-Accelerated Filer x Smaller Reporting Company. Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ¨ No x Based on the last sale price on the NASDAQ Capital Market of the Common Stock of $4.95 on June 30, 2015 (the last business day of the registrant's mostrecently completed second fiscal quarter), the aggregate market value of the voting stock held by non-affiliates of the registrant was approximately $27.0 million. As of February 29, 2016, the registrant had 11,833,801 shares of Common Stock, par value $0.01, outstanding.DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE : Portions of the Proxy Statement for the registrant’s Annual Meeting of Shareholders to be held on or aboutApril 28, 2016 are incorporated by reference into Part III of this Annual Report on Form 10-K Acura Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Form 10-K For the Fiscal Year Ended December 31, 2015 Tablet of Contents PAGE PART I Item 1. Business3Item 1A. Risk Factors24Item 1B. Unresolved Staff Comments45Item 2. Properties45 Item 3. Legal Proceedings46Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures47 PART II Item 5. Market for Registrant's Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities47Item 6. Selected Financial Data49Item 7. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations50Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk58Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data58Item 9. Changes in and Disagreement with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure58Item 9A. Controls and Procedures58Item 9B. Other Information59 PART III Item 10. Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance60Item 11. Executive Compensation60Item 12. Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters60Item 13. Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence60Item 14. Principal Accounting Fees and Services60 PART IV Item 15. Exhibits, Financial Statement Schedules60 Signatures61 Index to Financial StatementsF-1 Forward-Looking Statements Certain statements in this Report constitute “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Suchforward-looking statements involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors which may cause our actual results, performance or achievements tobe materially different from any future results, performance, or achievements expressed or implied by such forward-looking statements. Forward-lookingstatements may include, but are not limited to: ·our ability to fund or obtain funding for our continuing operations, including the development of our products utilizing our Limitx™ and Impede®technologies; ·our and our licensee’s ability to successfully launch and commercialize our products and technologies, including Oxaydo® Tablets and our Nexafed®products; ·the pricing and price discounting that may be offered by Egalet for Oxaydo; ·whether we can successfully develop a product under our agreement with Bayer; ·the results of our development of our Limitx technology; ·our and our licensee’s ability to obtain necessary regulatory approvals and commercialize products utilizing our technologies; ·the market acceptance of, timing of commercial launch and competitive environment for any of our products; ·the willingness of pharmacies to stock our Nexafed products; ·expectations regarding potential market share for our products; ·our ability to develop and enter into additional license agreements for our product candidates using our technologies; ·our exposure to product liability and other lawsuits in connection with the commercialization of our products; ·the increasing cost of insurance and the availability of product liability insurance coverage; ·the ability to avoid infringement of patents, trademarks and other proprietary rights of third parties; ·the ability of our patents to protect our products from generic competition and our ability to protect and enforce our patent rights in any paragraph IV patentinfringement litigation; ·the ability to fulfill the FDA requirements for approving our product candidates for commercial manufacturing and distribution in the United States,including, without limitation, the adequacy of the results of the laboratory and clinical studies completed to date, the results of laboratory and clinical studieswe may complete in the future to support FDA approval of our product candidates and the sufficiency of our development process to meet over-the-counter(“OTC”) Monograph standards, as applicable; ·the adequacy of the development program for our product candidates, including whether additional clinical studies will be required to support FDA approvalof our product candidates; ·changes in regulatory requirements; 1 ·adverse safety findings relating to our commercialized products or product candidates in development; ·whether the FDA will agree with our analysis of our clinical and laboratory studies; ·whether further studies of our product candidates will be required to support FDA approval; ·whether or when we are able to obtain FDA approval of labeling for our product candidates for the proposed indications and will be able to promote thefeatures of our abuse discouraging technologies; and ·whether Oxaydo or our Aversion® and Limitx product candidates will ultimately deter abuse in commercial settings and whether our Nexafed products andImpede technology product candidates will disrupt the processing of pseudoephedrine into methamphetamine. In some cases, you can identify forward-looking statements by terms such as “may,” “will,” “should,” “could,” “would,” “expects,” “plans,” “anticipates,”“believes,” “indicates,” “estimates,” “projects,” “predicts,” “potential” and similar expressions intended to identify forward-looking statements. These statementsreflect our current views with respect to future events and are based on assumptions and subject to risks and uncertainties. Given these uncertainties, you shouldnot place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements. We discuss many of these risks in greater detail in Item 1A of this Report. In light of these risks,uncertainties and assumptions, the forward-looking events and circumstances discussed in this Report may not occur and actual results could differ materially andadversely from those anticipated or implied in the forward-looking statements. Unless required by law, we undertake no obligation to update or revise any forward-looking statements to reflect new information or future events ordevelopments. Accordingly, you should not assume that our silence over time means that actual events are bearing out as expressed or implied in such forward-looking statements. 2 PART I ITEM 1. BUSINESS Overview We are a specialty pharmaceutical company engaged in the research, development and commercialization of technologies and products intended to addressmedication abuse and misuse. We have discovered and developed three proprietary platform technologies which can be used to develop multiple products. OurAversion® and Limitx™ Technologies are intended to address methods of product tampering associated with opioid abuse while our Impede® Technology isdirected at minimizing the extraction and conversion of pseudoephedrine into methamphetamine. Oxaydo Tablets (oxycodone HCl, CII), which utilizes theAversion Technology, is the first and only approved immediate-release oxycodone product in the United States with abuse deterrent labeling. On January 7, 2015,we entered into a Collaboration and License Agreement with Egalet US, Inc. and Egalet Ltd., each a subsidiary of Egalet Corporation (collectively, “Egalet”)pursuant to which we exclusively licensed to Egalet worldwide rights to manufacture and commercialize Oxaydo. Oxaydo is currently approved by the FDA formarketing in the United States in 5mg and 7.5mg strengths. Egalet launched Oxaydo in the United States late in the third quarter of 2015. We launched our firstImpede Technology product, Nexafed, into the United States market in December 2012 and launched our Nexafed Sinus Pressure + Pain product in the UnitedStates in February 2015. We have multiple pseudoephedrine products in development utilizing our Impede Technology. On June 15, 2015, we and BayerHealthcare LLC (“Bayer”) entered into a License and Development Agreement (the “Bayer Agreement”) pursuant to which we granted Bayer an exclusiveworldwide license to our Impede Technology for use in an undisclosed methamphetamine resistant pseudoephedrine – containing product and providing for thejoint development of such product using our Impede Technology for the U.S. market. Our third abuse deterrent technology, Limitx, is designed to retard the releaseof active drug ingredients when too many tablets are accidently or purposefully ingested. In January 2016, our Investigational New Drug Application, or IND, filedwith the FDA for our lead Limitx oral abuse deterrent drug candidate using the opioid hydromorphone HC1 (“LTX-04”), was allowed to proceed to clinical testing.We have commenced our initial Phase I exploratory pharmacokinetic study of LTX-04. We expect topline results from this study in the first half of 2016. We arealso developing an immediate-release hydrocodone bitartrate with acetaminophen product utilizing our Limitx technology. Opioid analgesics are one of the largest prescription drug markets in the United States with 234 million prescriptions dispensed in 2015. Prescription opioids arealso the most widely abused drugs with 11 million people abusing or misusing these products annually. Oxaydo will compete in the immediate-release opioidproduct segment. Because immediate-release opioid products are used for both acute and chronic pain, a prescription, on average, contains 66 tablets or capsules.According to IMS Health, in 2015, sales in the immediate-release opioid product segment were approximately 219 million prescriptions and $2.9 billion, of whichapproximately 98% was attributable to generic products. Immediate-release oxycodone tablets represent 19.3 million of these prescriptions or almost 1.7 billiontablets. The FDA approved label for our Oxaydo product describes the unique, and we believe promotable, abuse deterrent features of our product which webelieve makes prescribing our product attractive to some healthcare providers. We are advised that Egalet has approximately 50 sales representatives promotingOxaydo to a target group of approximately 7,000 opioid prescribing physicians with plans to expand that number to 71 sales representatives in early 2016. In 2014, the United States retail market for over-the-counter market, or OTC, cold and allergy products containing the pseudoephedrine oral nasal decongestantwas approximately $0.7 billion. In 2014, the DEA reported 9,339 laboratory incidents involving the illegal use of OTC pseudoephedrine products to manufacturethe highly addictive drug methamphetamine, or meth. According to the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, users of methamphetaminesurged in 2013 to 595,000 people up from 440,000 in 2012. Nexafed, our 30mg pseudoephedrine hydrochloride immediate-release tablet, is stocked inapproximately 20% of the estimated 65,000 U.S. pharmacies. Many of these pharmacies are either actively recommending Nexafed to their patients or carryNexafed as their only 30mg pseudoephedrine product. We launched our first line extension, Nexafed Sinus Pressure + Pain, a 30/325mg pseudoephedrine HCl andacetaminophen tablet using our Impede technology in February 2015. The category for meth-resistant pseudoephedrine products has also been the focus of some,as yet unsuccessful, state legislation seeking to incentivize consumers and pharmacists to utilize these meth-resistant technologies. 3 We have an active development program to develop an extended-release version of our Impede technology to capitalize on higher sales products in the category.We also are investigating new technologies that would improve on our meth-resistant capabilities. On March 23, 2015, we announced preliminary top line resultsfrom our pilot clinical study demonstrating bioequivalence of our Nexafed extended release tablets to Johnson & Johnson’s Sudafed® 12-hour Tablets. Nexafedextended release tablets utilize our Impede 2.0 enhanced meth-resistant technology. Our Impede 2.0 technology has demonstrated, in the direct conversion, or“one-pot”, methamphetamine conversion process performed by an independent pharmaceutical services company, the ability to reduce meth-yields, on average, by75% compared to Sudafed® Tablets. In May 2014 we announced that the FDA questioned whether the intranasal route is a relevant route of abuse for hydrocodone/acetaminophen products, which wewere developing with our Aversion Technology. In October 2014, the FDA denied on procedural grounds our formal dispute resolution request appealing theposition taken by the Division of Anesthesia, Analgesia and Addiction Products (“DAAAP”) that abuse by snorting hydrocodone with acetaminophen productslacks relevance. The FDA’s April 2015 Abuse-Deterrent Opioid Evaluation and Labeling Guidance (the “FDA’s 2015 Guidance”) appears to take the sameposition by indicating that immediate-release opioid and acetaminophen products are predominantly abused using the oral route and products demonstrating adeterrent effect by the nasal route may not meaningfully reduce overall abuse of the product. In view of the regulatory history of Aversion Hydrocodone/APAP andthe FDA’s 2015 Guidance, we have indefinitely suspended further development of our Aversion Hydrocodone/APAP and reallocated resources to our Limitxdevelopment candidates. Our Strategy Our goal is to become a leading specialty pharmaceutical company focused on addressing the growing societal problem of pharmaceutical drug abuse bydeveloping a broad portfolio of products with abuse deterrent features and benefits. Specifically, we intend to: ·Capitalize on our experience and expertise in the research and development of technologies that address medication abuse and misuse . We have oneFDA approved product containing our Aversion Technology commercially launched in the United States by our licensee, and two products commerciallylaunched containing our Impede Technology. We continue to invest in improvements in these technologies and innovate new technologies, including ourLimitx technology, to address medication abuse and misuse. ·Leverage our technologies by developing a full line of pharmaceutical products which utilize our proprietary technologies . Medication abuse and misuseis not limited to single drugs but often pervades entire drug categories. We intend to develop or collaborate with strategically focused pharmaceuticalcompanies to develop multiple products in the prescription opioid and OTC cold/allergy markets with our technologies, and expect to seek licensingpartners for products in development utilizing our Limitx technology. ·Commercialize our products with our internal resources or license to strategically focused companies in the United States and other geographicterritories . We have developed a small infrastructure to commercialize our OTC products that utilize the Impede Technology. We have licensed ourOxaydo product to Egalet for commercialization and we are seeking licensing partners for our products in development utilizing our Aversion and Impedetechnologies, and expect to seek licensing partners for products in development utilizing our Limitx technology. ·Maintain an efficient internal cost structure . Our internal cost structure is focused on discovering new technologies and developing product formulationsusing those technologies. We also have a small, focused OTC marketing and sales team. We outsource many high cost elements of development andcommercialization, such as clinical trials and commercial manufacturing that minimize required fixed overhead and capital investment and therebyreduces our business risk. ·In-license or acquire technologies and/or products to expand our portfolio of technologies and products . We intend to pursue the in-license oracquisition of product candidates and technologies that will allow us to expand our portfolio of products. Such in-licensing or acquisition transactions, ifsuccessfully completed, of which no assurance can be given, may include product candidates or technologies for pain relief, addiction, and other drugs. 4 Abuse of Prescription Opioid Products and Development of Abuse Deterrent Formulations Prescription opioids drugs, such as morphine and oxycodone, have a long history of use for the management of pain. Because they are highly effective, they areone of the largest prescribed drug categories in the U.S. However, a side effect of high doses of opioids is euphoria, or “a high”. For these reasons, opioids are themost misused or abused prescription drugs in the U.S. Opioids are offered in a variety of dosages including immediate-release tablets (or capsules), extended-release tablets (or capsules), patches and other formats. Abusers will often manipulate or tamper with the formulations to achieve their high, including: ·Oral over-ingestion. Generally recognized as the most prevalent route of administration by abusers, the abuser simply orally ingests more tablets (orcapsules) than is recommended for pain relief. ·Oral ingestion of manipulated tablets or patches. Extended-release tablets or patches are sometimes crushed, chewed or otherwise physically or chemicallymanipulated to defeat the extended-release mechanism and provide an immediate-release of the opioid. ·Nasal snorting. Crushed tablets are insufflated for absorption of the drug through the nasal tissues. ·Injection. The opioid is physically or chemically removed from the dosage and injected into the vein using a syringe. ·Poly-pharmacy. Opioids are sometimes used in conjunction with alcohol or other drugs to accentuate the high. Abuse deterrent formulations of opioid dosages incorporate physical and/or chemical barriers in the formulations to prevent or discourage an abuser frominappropriately administering the product. The extent and manner in which any of the features of abuse deterrent opioids may be described in the FDA approvedlabel for our pipeline products will be dependent on the results of and the acceptance by the FDA of our and our licensees’ studies for each product. Development of our Limitx and Aversion (if recommenced) product candidates will require an abuse deterrent study consistent with FDA’s 2015 Guidance. Thesestudies may include in vitro laboratory studies to determine, among other things, syringeability of the formulation, extractability of the opioid, and particle size ofthe crushed product. It is also expected that development will include human abuse liability studies comparing the abuse liability of our product candidates tocurrently marketed products. Because our products use known active ingredients in approved dosage strengths, the safety and efficacy of the opioid will need to beestablished by a series of pharmacokinetic studies demonstrating: (a) bioequivalence to an approved reference drug, (b) food effect of our formulations, and (c)dose proportionality of our formulation. Further development will likely also entail additional safety and/or efficacy assessment as may be identified by the FDA for each specific formulation during theIND or NDA phase of development. In accordance with the FDA’s 2015 Guidance, we will likely have a post-approval requirement for each of our products, ifapproved, to perform an epidemiology study to assess the in-market impact on abuse of our formulation. Limitx Technology Limitx technology is intended to address abuse by excess oral consumption of multiple tablets and provide a margin of safety during accidental over-ingestion oftablets. Limitx is also expected to exhibit barriers to abuse by snorting and injection. In proof of concept laboratory tests, Limitx tablets demonstrated the ability tolimit the release of the active ingredient from tablets when multiple tablets are simultaneously introduced into simulated gastric fluid. Using a .055N HCldissolution bath, a single Limitx tablet released most of its active ingredient within 15 minutes while eight Limitx tablets in the same bath released the equivalentof one tablet’s active ingredient in 15 minutes. Eight immediate-release tablets of a marketed product comparator released most of its active ingredient in 15minutes compared with over 2 hours for the eight Limitx tablets. 5 The FDA’s 2015 Guidance singles out immediate-release combination products with acetaminophen as being predominately abused by the oral route and thatreducing nasal snorting of these products may not be meaningful. The initial Limitx formulation utilizes hydromorphone as its sole active ingredient. We haveinitiated formulation development of a hydrocodone/APAP product candidate utilizing our Limitx technology (LTX-03). In August 2015, the United States Patentand Trademark Office (“USPTO”) issued to us patent 9,101,636 covering, among other things, our Limitx technology. Development of our Limitx technology is being supported by a $300 thousand grant (the “Grant”) by the National Institute on Drug Abuse (“NIDA”) of theNational Institutes of Health for Phase I development, which entailed the development of an optimized formulation of LTX-04 suitable for commercialmanufacture and human testing. In Phase II, we are performing human pharmacokinetic testing of LTX-04 to characterize the release of drug in vivo. NIDAfunding of Phase II development, for which an application has been submitted, will be contingent upon (1) assessment by NIDA of the Phase I progress report andits determination that the Phase I milestones were achieved, (2) review and approval of other documents necessary for continuation, and (3) availability of NIDAfunds. No assurance can be given that Phase II development funding will be provided by NIDA, but we plan to progress our clinical studies regardless of NIDAfunding. NIDA Disclaimer: Phase I and possibly Phase II research on LTX-04 is supported by the National Institute On Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Healthunder Award Number R44DA037921. The results and content of any such research is solely the responsibility of Acura and does not necessarily represent theofficial views of the National Institutes of Health. Limitx Technology Products in Development We have the following products in development utilizing our Limitx technology: Limitx Technology Product StatusImmediate-release hydromorphone HCI (LTX-04) Phase I exploratory pharmacokinetic study in processImmediate-release hydrocodone bitartrate with acetaminophen (LTX-03) Formulation development in process In January 2016, our IND for LTX-04, our lead product candidate utilizing our Limitx technology, was allowed to proceed to clinical testing. The initialLTX-04 clinical study, Study AP-LTX-400, is a Phase I exploratory pharmacokinetic study to evaluate the plasma absorption of hydromorphone from orallyadministered tablets in a fasted state. Study AP-LTX-400 will target to complete approximately 48 healthy subjects in two separate cohorts, with 24 subjects ineach cohort. For safety, all subjects will receive a naltrexone block prior to and during dosing to blunt any serious adverse effects that may result from the doses ofhydromorphone. Subjects in Cohort 1 will be further randomized into three dosage groups taking either one, two or three 2mg hydromorphone tablets. Each Cohort 1 subject willtake two different test formulations of LTX-04 and DILAUDID® brand of hydromorphone HCl. The objective of Cohort 1 is to determine if the LTX-04 testproducts are delivering the appropriate amount of hydromorphone into the blood stream to treat pain. Additionally, Cohort 1 may begin assessing the extent thatthe release of hydromorphone active ingredient from the LTX-04 tablets is retarded as the dose level increases. Following the results of Cohort 1, Cohort 2 subjects will be randomized into three dosage groups taking four, six or eight 2mg hydromorphone tablets. Each Cohort2 subject will take one test formulation of LTX-04 selected based on the results of Cohort 1 and DILAUDID®. The objective of Cohort 2 will be to further explorethe extent the release of hydromorphone active ingredient from LTX-04 tablets is retarded as the dose level increases to abusive levels. A safety assessment ofLTX-04 will be made from both study cohorts. Dosing of the first subjects in Cohort 1 of Study AP-LTX-400 commenced on February 25, 2016. We expect topline study results from Study AP-LTX-400 to beavailable in the first half of 2016. 6 Aversion Technology Aversion Technology incorporates gelling ingredients and irritants into tablets to discourage abuse by snorting and provide barriers to abuse by injection. OurAversion Technology and related opioid products, like Oxaydo, are covered by claims in five issued U.S. patents, which expire between 2023 and 2025. OurAversion Technology products are intended to provide the same therapeutic benefits of the active drug ingredient as currently marketed products containing thesame active pharmaceutical ingredient. Oxaydo Tablets Oxaydo (oxycodone HCI tablets) is a Schedule II narcotic indicated for the management of acute and chronic moderate to severe pain where the use of an opioidanalgesic is appropriate. On January 7, 2015, we entered into a Collaboration and License Agreement with Egalet pursuant to which we exclusively licensed toEgalet worldwide rights to manufacture and commercialize Oxaydo. Oxaydo is approved in 5mg and 7.5mg strengths. Egalet launched Oxaydo in the United Stateslate in the third quarter of 2015. The 2015 market for immediate-release oxycodone products was 19.3 million dispensed prescription or 1.7 billion tablets. The current market is predominatelyserviced by generic formulations that contain no abuse deterrent features and sell for approximately $0.10 to $0.40 per tablet, depending on strength. Immediate-release opioids are prescribed by a broad cross-section of healthcare providers including primary care physicians, surgeons and pain specialists. We believeOxaydo, given its differentiated label compared to generic products, can offer an alternative for opioid prescribing physicians concerned with the abuse ordiversion for abuse of their prescriptions even at premium pricing to generics. The safety and efficacy of Oxaydo 5mg and 7.5mg tablets was established by demonstrating bioequivalence to commercially available oxycodone immediate-release tablets in the fasted state. Oxaydo differs from oxycodone tablets when taken with a high fat meal though these differences are not considered clinicallyrelevant, and Oxaydo can be taken without regard to food. The FDA-approved label for Oxaydo describes elements unique to our Aversion Technology, whichdiffers from current commercially available oxycodone immediate-release tablets. The label for Oxaydo includes the results from a clinical study that evaluated theeffects of nasally snorting crushed Oxaydo and commercially available oxycodone tablets, and limitations on exposing Oxaydo tablets to water and other solventsand administration through feeding tubes. The clinical study evaluated 40 non-dependent recreational opioid users, who self-administered the equivalent of 15mgof oxycodone. After accounting for a first sequence effect, the study demonstrated: ·30% of subjects exposed to Oxaydo responded that they would not take the drug again compared to 5% of subjects exposed to immediate-releaseoxycodone;·subjects taking Oxaydo reported a higher incidence of nasopharyngeal and facial adverse events compared to immediate-release oxycodone;·a decreased ability to completely insufflate two crushed Oxaydo tablets within a fixed time period (21 of 40 subjects), while all subjects were able tocompletely insufflate the entire dose of immediate-release oxycodone; and·small numeric differences in the median and mean drug liking scores, which were lower in response to Oxaydo than immediate-release oxycodone. Although we believe these abuse deterrent characteristics differentiate Oxaydo from immediate-release oxycodone products currently on the market, consistentwith FDA guidance which requires epidemiology studies to support a claim of abuse deterrence, the clinical significance of the difference in drug liking anddifference in response to taking the drug again in this study has not been established. There is no evidence that Oxaydo has a reduced abuse liability compared toimmediate release oxycodone. We and Egalet have a post-approval commitment with the FDA to perform an epidemiology study to assess the actual impact onabuse of Oxaydo tablets. Further, the Oxaydo product label guides patients not to crush and dissolve the tablets or pre-soak, lick or otherwise wet the tablets prior to administration.Similarly, caregivers are advised not to crush and dissolve the tablets or otherwise use Oxaydo for administration via nasogastric, gastric or other feeding tubes asit may cause an obstruction. Our laboratory studies demonstrated that the Oxaydo tablet may gel when Oxaydo is exposed to certain solvents, including water. 7 Egalet has advised that it has commenced formulation work on a new dosage strength for Oxaydo, and has set a target date for submission of this new dosagestrength to the FDA in the second half of 2017. Egalet is also evaluating possible alternatives to enhance Oxaydo’s product label. We are advised that Egalet commenced promoting Oxaydo in September 2015 to a target group of approximately 7,000 immediate-release opioid prescribingphysicians using approximately 50 sales representatives. Commercial shipments of Oxaydo commenced in early October 2015. We are also advised that Egaletplans to expand its target physician group to an estimated 11,500 opioid prescribing physicians using approximately 71 sales representatives early in 2016. Egalethas further advised us that they have implemented a co-pay support program in which any non-government insurance covered patient receiving an Oxaydoprescription will be eligible to receive a credit such that their out-of-pocket cost, or co-pay, is limited to $15 per prescription. Egalet is in the early stages ofpromoting Oxaydo to physicians and addressing the challenges of establishing retail pharmacy stocking of a Schedule II narcotic. Despite the early nature ofEgalet’s efforts, Oxaydo tablets dispensed to patients in the first three months of availability (October through December 2015) is approximately the same as thenumber of tablets dispensed for the first six quarters by our previous partner. Egalet Agreement Covering Oxaydo On January 7, 2015, we and Egalet US, Inc. and Egalet Ltd., each a subsidiary of Egalet Corporation, (collectively, “Egalet”) entered into a Collaboration andLicense Agreement (the “Egalet Agreement”) to commercialize Oxaydo tablets containing our Aversion® Technology. Oxaydo is approved by the FDA formarketing in the United States in 5 mg and 7.5 mg strengths. Under the terms of the Egalet Agreement, we transferred the approved NDA for Oxaydo to Egalet andEgalet is granted an exclusive license under our intellectual property rights for development and commercialization of Oxaydo worldwide (the “Territory”) in allstrengths, subject to our right to co-promote Oxaydo in the United States. In accordance with the Egalet Agreement, we and Egalet have formed a joint steering committee to oversee commercialization strategies and the development ofproduct line extensions. Egalet will pay a significant portion of the expenses relating to (i) annual NDA PDUFA product fees, (ii) expenses of the FDA requiredpost-marketing study for Oxaydo and (iii) expenses of clinical studies for product line extensions (additional strengths) of Oxaydo for the United States and willbear all of the expenses of development and regulatory approval of Oxaydo for sale outside the United States. Egalet is responsible for all manufacturing andcommercialization activities in the Territory for Oxaydo. Subject to certain exceptions, Egalet will have final decision making authority with respect to alldevelopment and commercialization activities for Oxaydo, including pricing, subject to our co-promotion right. Egalet may develop Oxaydo for other countriesand in additional strengths, in its discretion. Egalet paid us an upfront payment of $5 million upon signing of the Egalet Agreement and a $2.5 million milestone in October 2015 in connection with the launchof Oxaydo. In addition, we will be entitled to a one-time $12.5 million milestone payment when worldwide Oxaydo net sales reach $150 million in a calendar year.In addition, we will receive from Egalet a stepped royalty at percentage rates ranging from mid-single digits to double-digits on net sales during a calendar yearbased on Oxaydo net sales during such year (excluding net sales resulting from our co-promotion efforts). In any calendar year in which net sales exceed aspecified threshold, we will receive a double digit royalty on all Oxaydo net sales in that year (excluding net sales resulting from our co-promotion efforts). If weexercise our co-promotion rights, we will receive a share of the gross margin attributable to incremental Oxaydo net sales from our co-promotion activities.Egalet’s royalty payment obligations commenced on the first commercial sale of Oxaydo and expire, on a country-by-country basis, upon the expiration of the lastto expire valid patent claim covering Oxaydo in such country (or if there are no patent claims in such country, then upon the expiration of the last valid claim in theUnited States or the date when no valid and enforceable listable patent in the FDA’s Orange Book remains with respect to the Product). Royalties will be reducedupon the entry of generic equivalents, as well as for payments required to be made by Egalet to acquire intellectual property rights to commercialize Oxaydo, withan aggregate minimum floor. 8 The Egalet Agreement expires upon the expiration of Egalet’s royalty payment obligations in all countries. Either party may terminate the Egalet Agreement in itsentirety if the other party breaches a payment obligation, or otherwise materially breaches the Egalet Agreement, subject to applicable cure periods, or in the eventthe other party makes an assignment for the benefit of creditors, files a petition in bankruptcy or otherwise seeks relief under applicable bankruptcy laws. We alsomay terminate the Egalet Agreement with respect to the U.S. and other countries if Egalet materially breaches its commercialization obligations. Egalet mayterminate the Egalet Agreement for convenience on 120 days prior written notice, which termination may not occur prior to the second anniversary of Egalet’slaunch of Oxaydo. Termination does not affect a party’s rights accrued prior thereto, but there are no stated payments in connection with termination other thanpayments of obligations previously accrued. For all terminations (but not expiration), the Egalet Agreement provides for the transition of development andmarketing of Oxaydo from Egalet to us, including the conveyance by Egalet to us of the trademarks and all regulatory filings and approvals relating to Oxaydo, andfor Egalet’s supply of Oxaydo for a transition period. Aversion Technology Development Opioid Products On April 9, 2015, we announced the indefinite suspension of further development of our Aversion hydrocodone/APAP product candidate. We currently have 6additional opioids at various stages of formulation development using the Aversion technology which are not being actively developed. Abuse of Pseudoephedrine Products The chemical structure of pseudoephedrine, or PSE, is very similar to methamphetamine, facilitating a straight-forward chemical conversion to methamphetamine.OTC PSE products are sometimes purchased and used for this conversion. There are multiple known processes to convert PSE to methamphetamine, all of whichare not complex and do not require specialized equipment; however, many do require readily available but uncommon ingredients. Two of the three most popularprocesses follow two general processing steps: (1) dissolving the PSE tablets in a solvent to isolate, by filtration, purified PSE and (2) a chemical reduction of thePSE into methamphetamine for drying into crystals. The third method, or the “one-pot” method, involves the direct chemical reduction of the PSE tomethamphetamine in the presence of the tablet’s inactive ingredients. All the solvents used are ultimately dried off or otherwise removed, so a wide range ofsolvents are amenable to the process. Impede 1.0 Technology Our Impede 1.0 Technology, a proprietary mixture of inactive ingredients, prevents the extraction of PSE from tablets using known extraction methods anddisrupts the direct conversion of PSE from tablets into methamphetamine. Studies sponsored by us at an international, independent laboratory demonstrated our Impede 1.0 Technology prevents the extraction of PSE from tablets forconversion into methamphetamine using what we believe are the two most common extraction methods, each requiring extraction of PSE as an initial step.Laboratory tests conducted on our behalf by an independent Clinical Research Organization, or CRO, using the “one-pot” method demonstrated that our ImpedeTechnology disrupted the direct conversion of PSE from the tablets into methamphetamine. The study compared the amount of pure methamphetaminehydrochloride produced from Nexafed and Johnson & Johnson’s Sudafed® tablets. Using one hundred 30 mg tablets of both products, multiple one-pot tests and avariety of commonly used solvents, the study demonstrated an average of 38% of the maximum 2.7 grams of pure methamphetamine hydrochloride was recoveredfrom Nexafed. Comparatively, approximately twice as much pure methamphetamine hydrochloride was recovered from Sudafed tablets. Both products yielded asubstantial amount of additional solids such that the purity of the total powder provided contained approximately 65% methamphetamine hydrochloride. Impede 2.0 Technology We have developed a next generation, or Impede 2.0 Technology to improve the meth-resistance of our technology. We have completed one-pot, direct conversionmeth testing performed by our CRO on the following commercially available products and on our Nexafed Impede 2.0 extended-release product, with thefollowing results: 9 Product/Formulation Meth Resistant Technology Meth Recovery 1 Purity 2 Sudafed® 30mg Tablets none 67% 62%Nexafed 30mg Technology Impede® 1.0 38% 65%Zephrex-D® 30mg Pills Tarex® 28% 51%Nexafed 120mg Extended-release tablets Impede® 2.0 17% 34%1 Total methamphetamine HCl recovered from the equivalent of 100 PSE 30mg tablets divided by the maximum theoretical yield of 2.7 grams.2 Total methamphetamine HCl recovered from the equivalent of 100 PSE 30mg tablets divided by the total weight of powder recovered. We have demonstrated in a pilot clinical study the bioequivalence of a formulation of our Nexafed extended release tablets utilizing our Impede 2.0 technology toSudafed® 12-hour Tablets. We have begun a project to integrate Impede 2.0 technology into our commercially available Nexafed 30mg tablet while movingsupply to an alternate contract manufacturer. Nexafed Products Our Nexafed product line consists of immediate release tablets which currently utilize our patented Impede 1.0 Technology. Nexafed is a 30mg pseudoephedrinetablet and Nexafed Sinus Pressure + Pain is a 30/325mg pseudoephedrine and acetaminophen tablet. PSE is a widely-used nasal decongestant available in manynon-prescription and prescription cold, sinus and allergy products. While the 30mg PSE tablet is not the largest selling PSE product on the market, we believe it isthe most often used product to make meth due to: (a) its relatively low selling price and (b) its simpler formulation provides better meth yields. However, as meth-resistant products become pervasive, we believe meth cooks will migrate to other, larger selling, PSE containing products. We have demonstrated that our Nexafed 30mg tablets are bioequivalent to Johnson & Johnson’s Sudafed 30mg Tablets when a single 2 tablet dose is administered.Commencing in 2006, the CMEA, required all non-prescription PSE products to be held securely behind the pharmacy counter, has set monthly consumer purchasevolume limits, and has necessitated consumer interaction with pharmacy personnel to purchase PSE-containing products. We are capitalizing on this consumer-pharmacist interaction at the point of sale by soliciting distribution to pharmacies and educating and encouraging pharmacists to recommend Nexafed to theircustomers. We are using telemarketing, direct mail, and online and journal advertising to educate pharmacists about Nexafed and encourage pharmacists torecommend Nexafed to their customers. We launched Nexafed commercially in mid-December 2012 into the United States OTC market for cold and allergy products. We have built a distribution systemof several regional and national drug wholesalers for redistribution to pharmacies which includes the three largest U.S. drug wholesalers: McKesson, CardinalHealth and AmerisourceBergen. We also ship directly to the warehouses of certain pharmacy chains. Nexafed is currently stocked in approximately 13,300pharmacies or about 20% of the estimated 65,000 U.S. pharmacy outlets. Initial adoption was primarily in independent pharmacies in predominately ruralcommunities with high meth awareness. Chain pharmacies, with more centralized control of the pharmacy operations, began adopting in mid-2013, includingKroger, Publix, Fruth and Bartells. Some pharmacists are actively recommending Nexafed to their customers while some have replaced all 30mg PSE products,brand and generic, with Nexafed. Rite Aid, the nation’s fourth largest pharmacy operator, began purchasing Nexafed in late 2013. In late 2014, Kmart and Krogerinitiated chain-wide stocking of Nexafed. We estimate that approximately 56% of Nexafed stocking pharmacies are repeat customers, excluding Rite Aid and Kroger which purchase directly from us andwe therefore do not have individual store data. In February 2015, we began initial shipments of Nexafed Sinus Pressure + Pain. We are marketing this product consistent with our Nexafed marketing efforts topharmacists concerned with meth abuse of their products. We are not aware of any branded non-prescription product that contains PSE and acetaminophenbelieving that brands containing these ingredients have either been discontinued or reformulated with phenylephrine. We expect Nexafed Sinus Pressure + Pain tocompete primarily against Advil® Cold and Sinus (PSE/ibuprofen) and to a lesser extent Aleve®-D and Sudafed® Pressure + Pain which are extended-releaseproducts. 10 We are marketing our Nexafed product and our Nexafed Sinus Pressure + Pain product under FDA’s regulations applicable to OTC Monograph products. Nexafedand Nexafed Sinus Pressure + Pain tablets are offered in 24-count blister packaged cartons. Impede Technology Products in Development Given the fragmented nature of the PSE market with products containing multiple active ingredients, we are developing additional products for our Nexafedfranchise: Impede Technology Product Status Nexafed 30mg with Impede 2.0 Technology Transferring to alternate supplier and scaling-up to commercial supplyImmediate-release pseudoephedrine HCl in combination with other coldand allergy active ingredients Nexafed Sinus Pressure + Pain launched Other formulations being consideredExtended-release formulation utilizing Impede 2.0 technology Pilot pharmacokinetic testing demonstrated bioequivalence to Sudafed®12-hour Tablets. Pre-IND meeting held with the FDAExtended – release combination products Formulations being consideredMethamphetamine resistant pseudoephedrine – containing product In development pursuant to Bayer Agreement In July 2015 we had a pre-IND meeting with the FDA to discuss the results from our pharmacokinetic and meth-resistance testing studies to determine thedevelopment path for our extended-release development product. The FDA acknowledged the potential value of the development of risk-mitigating strategies fornew formulations of pseudoephedrine products while also recognizing an approved “meth-deterrent” extended release pseudoephedrine product would be novel inthe over-the-counter (OTC) setting. The FDA did not make a formal determination whether “meth-resistant” claims would be appropriate but is open to considersuch an appropriately worded, evidence-based claim directed to the consumer and/or retailer. As recommended by the FDA, we intend to submit additional “meth-resistant” testing information to the FDA for review prior to submitting an IND. Our objective is to establish our own Nexafed franchise in the United States with multiple product offerings, including both immediate and extended releaseproducts utilizing both single and combinations of active ingredients. We aim to make meth-resistant PSE product the standard of care in all U.S. pharmacies. Wewill evaluate possible licensing of our Impede Technology with commercial partners. Within the United States, we may consider additional licenses withappropriate partners that can: (a) help advance our distribution network with the goal of making meth-resistant products the standard of care in all U.S. pharmacies,and/or (b) extend our internal development resources to develop difficult to formulate products, such as extended-release. Bayer Agreement On June 15, 2015, we and Bayer entered into a License and Development Agreement pursuant to which we granted Bayer an exclusive worldwide license to ourImpede™ Technology for use in an undisclosed methamphetamine resistant pseudoephedrine-containing product and providing for the joint development of suchproduct using our Impede Technology for the U.S. market. The Agreement also grants Bayer first right to negotiate a license to the Impede™ Technology forcertain other products. We are eligible to receive reimbursement of certain our development expenses, success-based development and regulatory milestonepayments, and low mid-single digit royalties on the net sales of the developed product in countries with patent coverage and a reduced royalty elsewhere. 11 U.S. Market Opportunity for Impede PSE Products PSE is a widely-used nasal decongestant available in many non-prescription and prescription cold, sinus and allergy products. PSE is sold in products as the onlyactive ingredient in both immediate and extended-release products. In addition, PSE is combined with other cold, sinus and allergy ingredients such as painrelievers, cough suppressants and antihistamines. PSE also competes against phenylephrine, an alternate nasal decongestant available in non-prescription products.In 2014, a data service reported approximately $0.7 billion in retail sales of non-prescription products containing PSE. The top retail selling PSE OTC cold/allergyproducts in 2014 were: Reference Brand 1 Brand Company Active Ingredient(s) 2014 Retail Sales ($ Millions) Claritin-D Bayer PSE & Loraditine 2 $208.0 Allegra-D Chattem PSE & Fexofenadine 2 $101.3 Zyrtec-D Pfizer PSE & Ceterizine 2 $101.7 Advil Sinus Pfizer PSE & Ibuprofen $58.4 Sudafed 12 Hour J&J PSE 2 $82.3 Sudafed 30mg J&J PSE $70.4 1 Branded product only. Does not include store brand sales.2 Extended release PSE formulations The 2014 market for 30mg PSE tablets, including store brands was approximately 470 million tablets or 19 million boxes of 24 tablets. Nexafed is currently pricedat $4.39 for a box of 24 tablets and Nexafed Sinus Pressure + Pain is currently priced at $7.50 for a box of 24 tablets. The market for cold, sinus and allergy products is highly competitive and many products have strong consumer brand recognition and, in some cases, prescriptiondrug heritage. Category leading brands are often supported by national mass marketing and promotional efforts. Consumers often have a choice to purchase a lessexpensive store brand. Store brands contain the same active ingredients as the more popular national brands but are not supported by large marketing campaignsand are offered at a lower price. Non-prescription products are typically distributed through retail outlets including drug store chains, food store chains,independent pharmacies and mass merchandisers. The distribution outlets for PSE products are highly consolidated. According to Chain Drug Review, the top 50drug, food and mass merchandising chains operate approximately 40,000 pharmacies in the U.S., of which 58% are operated by the four largest chains. Stockingdecisions and pharmacists recommendations for these chain pharmacies are often centralized at the corporate headquarters. Johnson and Johnson, after a severalyear hiatus, reintroduced Sudafed 30mg tablets, without any meth resistant technology, into the US market in July - August 2015 with a factory price consistentwith Nexafed but with steep discounting to consumer in an effort to reestablish market share. Product Labeling for Impede Technology Products We are marketing our Nexafed and Nexafed Sinus Pressure + Pain products pursuant to the FDA’s OTC Monograph regulations, which require that our producthave labeling as specified in the regulations. We are advertising the extraction characteristics and methamphetamine-resistant benefits of our Nexafed productswhich is supported by our published research studies. We expect that any of our other Impede Technology products that are marketed pursuant to an NDA or ANDA will be subject to a label approved by the FDA. Weexpect that such a label will require submission of our scientifically derived abuse liability data and we intend to seek descriptions of our abuse liability studies inthe FDA approved product label, although there can be no assurance that this will be the case. U.S. Market Opportunity for Opioid Analgesic Products The misuse and abuse of controlled prescription drugs (CPDs) in general, and opioid analgesics in particular, continues to constitute a dynamic and challengingthreat to the United States and is the nation’s fastest growing drug problem. Results from the 2013 National Drug Threat Assessment conducted by the DEA reportthat CPD rates of abuse remain high, with individuals abusing CPDs at a higher prevalence rate than any illicit drug except marijuana. Opioid analgesics are themost common type of CPDs taken illicitly and are the CPDs most commonly involved in overdose incidents. According to the Drug Abuse Warning Network(DAWN), the estimated number of emergency department visits involving nonmedical use of prescription opiates/ opioids increased 112 percent—84,671 to179,787— between 2006 and 2010. Immediate release, or IR, opioid products comprise the vast majority of this abuse compared with extended release, or ER,opioid products. 12 It is estimated that more than 75 million people in the United States suffer from pain and the FDA estimates more than 45 million people receive a prescription forthe opioid hydrocodone annually. For many pain sufferers, opioid analgesics provide their only pain relief. As a result, opioid analgesics are among the largestprescription drug classes in the United States with over 233 million tablet and capsule prescriptions dispensed in 2015 of which approximately 219 million were forIR opioid products and 15 million were for ER opioid products. However, physicians and other health care providers at times are reluctant to prescribe opioidanalgesics for fear of misuse, abuse, and diversion of legitimate prescriptions for illicit use. We expect our Aversion and Limitx Technology opioid products, to compete primarily in the IR opioid product segment of the United States opioid analgesicmarket. Because IR opioid products are used for both acute and chronic pain, a prescription, on average, contains 65 tablets or capsules. According to IMS Health,in 2015, sales in the IR opioid product segment were approximately $2.9 billion, of which ~98% was attributable to generic products. Due to fewer identifiedcompetitors and the significantly larger market for dispensed prescriptions for IR opioid products compared to ER opioid products, we have initially focused ondeveloping IR opioid products utilizing our Aversion and Limitx Technologies. A summary of the IR opioid product prescription data for 2015 is provided below: IR Opioid Products (1) 2015 US Prescriptions (Millions) (2) % of Total Hydrocodone 97 44%Oxycodone 57 26%Tramadol 44 20%Codeine 16 8%3 Others 5 2%Total 219 100% 1 Includes all salts and esters of the opioid and opioids in combination with other active ingredients such as acetaminophen.2 IMS Health, 2015 Despite considerable publicity regarding the abuse of OxyContin® extended-release tablets and other ER opioid products, U.S. government statistics suggest thatfar more people have used IR opioid products non-medically than ER opioid products. These statistics estimate that nearly four times as many people have misusedthe IR opioid products Vicodin®, Lortab® and Lorcet® (hydrocodone bitartrate/acetaminophen brands and generics) than OxyContin®. Product Labeling for Abuse-Deterrent Opioid Products In April 2015, the FDA published guidance for industry on the evaluation and labeling of abuse-deterrent opioids. While the 2015 FDA Guidance is non-bindingon the FDA, it outlines FDA’s current thinking on the development and labeling of abuse-deterrent products. The 2015 FDA Guidance provides for three distinctlevels of pre-marketing studies that are potentially eligible for inclusion in the labeling: (1) laboratory-based in vitro manipulation and extraction studies, (2)pharmacokinetic studies, and (3) clinical abuse potential studies. The Guidance further prescribes additional post-approval or epidemiology studies to determinewhether the marketing of a product with abuse-deterrent properties results in meaningful reductions in abuse, misuse, and related adverse clinical outcomes,including addiction, overdose, and death in the post-approval setting, which can also be included in the labeling. FDA notes “the science of abuse deterrence isrelatively new. Both the technologies involved and the analytical, clinical, and statistical methods for evaluating those technologies are rapidly evolving. For thesereasons, FDA will take a flexible, adaptive approach to the evaluation and labeling of potentially abuse-deterrent opioid products”. 13 We or our licensee may seek to include descriptions of studies that characterize the abuse-deterrent properties in the label for our Aversion and Limitx Technologyproducts in development. Although the FDA approved label for Oxaydo contains limitations on exposing Oxaydo tablets to water and other solvents andadministration through feeding tubes, the FDA approved Oxaydo label does not contain a description of the I.V. injection studies we performed to characterize theabuse deterrent properties of Oxaydo. We have committed to the FDA to undertake epidemiological studies to assess the actual consequences of abuse of Oxaydoin the market. The extent to which a description of the abuse-deterrent properties or results of epidemiological or other studies will be added to or included in theFDA approved product label for our products in development will be the subject of our discussions with the FDA as part of the NDA review process, even afterhaving obtained approval of Oxaydo. Further, because the FDA closely regulates promotional materials, even if FDA initially approves labeling that includes adescription of the abuse deterrent properties of the product, the FDA’s Office of Prescription Drug Promotion, or OPDP, will continue to review the acceptabilityof promotional labeling claims and product advertising campaigns for our marketed products. Patents and Patent Applications We have the following issued patent covering, among other things, our Limitx technology: Patent No. (Jurisdiction) Subject matter Issued Expires9,101,636 (US) Abuse deterrent products wherein the release of active ingredient is retarded when 3 ormore doses are consumed August 2015 Nov. 20332,892,908 (CAN) Abuse deterrent products wherein the release of active ingredient is retarded whenexcessive doses are consumed Allowed; not yetissued We have the following issued patents covering, among other things, Oxaydo and our Aversion technology: Patent No. (Jurisdiction) Subject Matter Issued Expires7,201,920 (US) Pharmaceutical compositions including a mixture of functional inactive ingredients andspecific opioid analgesics Apr. 2007 Mar. 20257,510,726 (US) A wider range of compositions than those described in the 7,201,920 Patent Mar. 2009 Nov. 20237,981,439 (US) Pharmaceutical compositions including any water soluble drug susceptible to abuse Jul. 2011 Aug. 20248,409,616 (US) Pharmaceutical compositions of immediate-release abuse deterrent dosage forms Apr. 2013 Nov. 20238,637,540 (US) Pharmaceutical compositions of immediate-release abuse deterrent opioid products Jan. 2014 Nov. 2023 We have the following issued patents related to our Aversion technology: Patent No. (Jurisdiction) Subject Matter Issued Expires7,476,402 (US) Pharmaceutical compositions of certain combinations of kappa and mu opioid receptoragonists and other ingredients intended to deter opioid analgesic product misuse andabuse Jan. 2009 Nov. 20238,822,489 (US) Pharmaceutical compositions of certain abuse deterrent products that contain polymers,surfactant and polysorb 80 Jul. 2014 Nov. 20232,004,294,953 (AUS) Abuse deterrent pharmaceuticals Apr. 2010 Nov. 20242,010,200,979 (AUS) Abuse deterrent pharmaceuticals Aug. 2010 Nov. 20242,547,334 (CAN) Abuse deterrent pharmaceuticals Aug. 2010 Nov. 20242,647,360 (CAN) Abuse deterrent pharmaceuticals May 2012 Apr. 2027175,863 (ISR) Abuse deterrent pharmaceuticals Nov. 2004 Nov. 2024221,018 (ISR) Abuse deterrent pharmaceuticals Nov. 2004 Nov. 2024 14 We have the following issued patent covering, among other things, our Nexafed product line and Impede 1.0 and 2.0 technologies: Patent No. (Jurisdiction) Subject Matter Issued Expires8,901,113 (US) Pharmaceutical compositions suitable for reducing the chemical conversion of precursorcompounds Dec. 2014 Feb. 2032 In January 2012, the USPTO issued to us U.S. Patent No. 8,101,630, or the 630 Patent with a single claim that encompasses an extended release abuse deterrentdosage form of oxycodone or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. The 630 Patent expires in August 2024. In October 2014, we ceded priority of the 630patent to a patent application filed by Purdue Pharma and expect this patent to be rescinded . In addition to our issued U.S. patents, we have filed multiple U.S. patent applications and international patent applications relating to compositions containingabusable active pharmaceutical ingredients as well as applications covering our Impede 1.0 and 2.0 Technologies and filed U.S. patent applications for our LimitxTechnology. Except for the rights granted in the Egalet Agreement and the Bayer Agreement, we have retained all intellectual property rights to our AversionTechnology, Impede Technology, Limitx Technology and related product candidates. In 2012 and 2013, we received Paragraph IV Certification Notices from five generic sponsors of an ANDA for a generic drug listing our Oxaydo product as thereference listed drug. The Paragraph IV Notices referred to our 920, 726 and 439 Patents, which cover our Aversion® Technology and our Oxaydo product. Wefiled suit against each of such generic sponsors, Watson Laboratories, Inc., Par Pharmaceutical, Inc., Impax Laboratories, Inc., Sandoz Inc. and Ranbaxy Inc., inthe United States District Court for the District of Delaware alleging infringement of our 726 Patent listed in the FDA’s Orange Book. Our litigation againstWatson Laboratories was dismissed by us following Watson Laboratories’ change of its Paragraph IV Certification to a Paragraph III Certification, indicating itwould not launch its generic product until the expiry of our applicable Patents. Our litigation against each of the remaining generic sponsors was settled during theperiod October 2013 through May 2014 on an individual basis, upon mutual agreement between us and such generic sponsors. None of such settlements impactedthe validity or enforceability of our Patents. See “Item 1A. Risk Factors – Generic manufacturers are using litigation and regulatory means to seek approval forgeneric versions of Oxaydo, which could cause Egalet’s sales to suffer and adversely impact our royalty revenue” for a discussion of the settlements and licensegrants relating to such patent litigation. In April, 2015, Purdue Pharma L.P., Purdue Pharmaceuticals L.P. and The P.F. Laboratories, Inc. (collectively, “Purdue”) commenced a patent infringementlawsuit against us and our Oxaydo product licensee Egalet US, Inc. and its parent Egalet Corporation in the United States District Court for the District ofDelaware alleging our Oxaydo product infringes Purdue’s U.S. Patent No. 8,389,007. The complaint seeks injunctive relief as well as awards of damages andattorneys’ fees. In January 2016, the District Court issued a claim construction order in the patent infringement action. The order stated that the termpolyvinylpyrrolidone as that term is defined in the claims of the Purdue patent covers all polymeric forms of vinylpyrrolidone, including crospovidone used inOxaydo. We deny the allegations in the complaint, believe they are without merit and are defending the action vigorously. As is the case with patent litigation,there is a risk that the Court may enjoin the making, using, selling and offering for sale Oxaydo and/or may find that Oxaydo infringes the 007 patent. As anypotential loss is neither probable nor estimable, we have not accrued for any potential loss related to these matters as of December 31, 2015. Reference is made to the Risk Factors contained in Item 1A of this Report for a discussion, among other things, of patent applications and patents owned by thirdparties, including claims that may encompass our Aversion Technology and Oxaydo tablets, and the risk of infringement, interference or opposition proceedingsthat we may be subject to arising from such patents and patent applications. 15 Research and Manufacturing We conduct research, development, manufacture of laboratory clinical trial supplies, and warehousing activities at our operations facility in Culver, Indiana andlease an administrative office in Palatine, Illinois. The 25,000 square foot Culver facility is registered with DEA to perform research, development and manufactureof certain DEA-scheduled active pharmaceutical ingredients and finished dosage form products. We have obtained quotas for supply of DEA-scheduled activepharmaceutical ingredients from the DEA and develop finished dosage forms in our Culver facility. We manufacture clinical trial supplies of drug products in ourCulver facility. In addition to internal capabilities and activities, we engage numerous clinical research organizations, or CROs, with expertise in regulatory affairs,clinical trial design and monitoring, clinical data management, biostatistics, medical writing, laboratory testing and related services. Egalet is responsible forcommercial manufacture of Oxaydo under the Egalet Agreement. We expect that future opioid product candidates developed and licensed by us will becommercially manufactured by our licensees or other qualified third party contract manufacturers. We rely on a contract manufacturer to manufacture, package and supply our commercial quantities of Nexafed and Nexafed Sinus Pressure + Painproducts. Initially, we will source our commercial requirements of our Nexafed products from a single manufacturer and will not have a second source. Althoughwe believe there are alternate sources of supply that can satisfy our commercial requirements, replacing or adding a contract manufacture will result in additionalcosts. Competition Our products and technologies will, if marketed, compete to varying degrees against both brand and generic products offering similar therapeutic benefitsand being developed and marketed by small and large pharmaceutical (for prescription products) and consumer packaged goods (for OTC products) companies.Many of our competitors have substantially greater financial and other resources and are able to expend more funds and effort than us in research, development andcommercialization of their competitive technologies and products. Prescription generic products and OTC store brand products will offer cost savings to third partypayers and/or consumers that will create pricing pressure on our products. Also, these competitors may have a substantial sales volume advantage over ourproducts, which may result in our costs of manufacturing being higher than our competitors’ costs. We believe potential competitors may be developing opioid abuse deterrent technologies and products. Such potential competitors include, but may not belimited to, Pain Therapeutics, Pfizer Inc., Purdue Pharma, Atlantic Pharmaceuticals, Egalet Corporation, KemPharm, Shionogi, Nektar Therapeutics, SignatureTherapeutics, QRx Pharma, Tris Pharma, Pisgah Labs, Teva Pharmaceuticals, Sun Pharmaceuticals, and Collegium Pharmaceuticals. Egalet, our partner forOxaydo, is also developing other analgesic products, all of which will compete for development and commercialization resources for Oxaydo, which mayadversely impact the sales of Oxaydo. In August 2014, Purdue Pharma announced the submission of an NDA for an immediate-release oxycodone HCl productwith reported abuse deterrent properties. Our Impede Technology products containing PSE will compete in the highly competitive market for cold, sinus and allergy products generally availableto the consumer without a prescription. Some of our competitors will have multiple consumer product offerings both within and outside the cold, allergy and sinuscategory providing them with substantial leverage in dealing with a highly consolidated pharmacy distribution network. The competing products may have wellestablished brand names and may be supported by national or regional advertising. Nexafed will compete primarily with Johnson & Johnson’s Sudafed® brand andNexafed Sinus Pressure + Pain with Pfizer’s Advil® Cold and Sinus, as well as generic/store brand formulations of such products manufactured by PerrigoCompany and others. A competing product from Westport Pharmaceuticals is being marketed with claims of methamphetamine-resistance. We are also aware that some large pharmaceutical companies in the past have sought to develop PSE technologies or products that resist conversion intomethamphetamine. We may consider licensing our Impede Technology or products utilizing such technology for commercialization. 16 Government Regulation All pharmaceutical firms, including us, are subject to extensive regulation by the federal government, principally by the FDA under the Federal Food,Drug and Cosmetic Act, or the FD&C Act, and, to a lesser extent, by state and local governments. Before our prescription products and some OTC products maybe marketed in the U.S., they must be approved by the FDA for commercial distribution. Certain OTC products must comply with applicable FDA regulations,known as OTC Monographs, in order to be marketed, but do not require FDA review and approval before marketing. Additionally, we are subject to extensiveregulation by the DEA under the Controlled Substances Act, the Combat Methamphetamine Act of 2005, and related laws and regulations for research,development, manufacturing, marketing and distribution of controlled substances and certain other pharmaceutical active ingredients that are regulated as ListedChemicals. Extensive FDA, DEA, and state regulation of our products and commercial operations continues after drug product approvals, and the requirements forour continued marketing of our products may change even after initial approval. We are also subject to regulation under federal, state and local laws, includingrequirements regarding occupational safety, laboratory practices, environmental protection and hazardous substance control, and may be subject to other presentand future local, state, federal and foreign regulations, including possible future regulations of the pharmaceutical industry. We cannot predict the extent to whichwe may be affected by legislative and other regulatory developments concerning our products and the healthcare industry in general. The FD&C Act, the Controlled Substances Act and other federal statutes and regulations govern the testing, manufacture, quality control, export andimport, labeling, storage, record keeping, approval, pricing, advertising, promotion, sale and distribution of pharmaceutical products. Noncompliance withapplicable requirements both before and after approval, can subject us, our third party manufacturers and other collaborative partners to administrative and judicialsanctions, such as, among other things, warning letters, fines and other monetary payments, recall or seizure of products, criminal proceedings, suspension orwithdrawal of regulatory approvals, interruption or cessation of clinical trials, total or partial suspension of production or distribution, injunctions, limitations on orthe limitation of claims we can make for our products, and refusal of the government to enter into supply contracts for distribution directly by governmentalagencies, or delay in approving or refusal to approve new drug applications. The FDA also has the authority to revoke or withhold approvals of new drugapplications. FDA approval is required before any "new drug," can be marketed. A "new drug" is one not generally recognized, by experts qualified by scientifictraining and experience, as safe and effective for its intended use. Our products not subject to and in compliance with an OTC Monograph are new drugs andrequire prior FDA approval. Such approval must be based on extensive information and data submitted in a NDA, including but not limited to adequate and wellcontrolled laboratory and clinical investigations to demonstrate the safety and effectiveness of the drug product for its intended use(s). In addition to providingrequired safety and effectiveness data for FDA approval, a drug manufacturer's practices and procedures must comply with current Good Manufacturing Practices,or cGMPs, which apply to manufacturing, receiving, holding and shipping. Accordingly, manufacturers must continue to expend time, money and effort in allapplicable areas relating to quality assurance and regulatory compliance, including production and quality control to comply with cGMPs. Failure to so complyrisks delays in approval of drug products and possible FDA enforcement actions, such as an injunction against shipment of products, the seizure of non-complyingproducts, criminal prosecution and/or any of the other possible consequences described above. We are subject to periodic inspection by the FDA and DEA, whichinspections may or may not be announced in advance. The FDA Drug Approval Process The process of drug development is complex and lengthy. The activities undertaken before a new pharmaceutical product may be marketed in the U.S.generally include, but are not limited to, preclinical studies; submission to the FDA of an Investigational New Drug application, or IND, which must become activebefore human clinical trials may commence; adequate and well-controlled human clinical trials to establish the safety and efficacy of the product; submission to theFDA of an NDA; acceptance for filing of the NDA by FDA; satisfactory completion of an FDA pre-approval inspection of the clinical trial sites and manufacturingfacility or facilities at which both the active ingredients and finished drug product are produced to assess compliance with, among other things, patient informedconsent requirements, the clinical trial protocols, current Good Clinical Practices, or GCP, and cGMPs; and FDA review and approval of the NDA prior to anycommercial sale and distribution of the product in the U.S. 17 Preclinical studies include laboratory evaluation of product chemistry and formulation, and in some cases, animal studies and other studies topreliminarily assess the potential safety and efficacy of the product candidate. The results of preclinical studies together with manufacturing information, analyticaldata, and detailed information including protocols for proposed human clinical trials are then submitted to the FDA as a part of an IND. An IND must becomeeffective, and approval must be obtained from an Institutional Review Board, or IRB, prior to the commencement of human clinical trials. The IND becomeseffective 30 days following its receipt by the FDA unless the FDA objects to, or otherwise raises concerns or questions and imposes a clinical hold. We, the FDAor the IRB may suspend or terminate a clinical trial at any time after it has commenced due to safety or efficacy concerns or for commercial reasons. In the eventthat FDA objects to the IND and imposes a clinical hold, the IND sponsor must address any outstanding FDA concerns or questions to the satisfaction of the FDAbefore clinical trials can proceed or resume. There can be no assurance that submission of an IND will result in FDA authorization to commence clinical trials. Human clinical trials are typically conducted in three phases that may sometimes overlap or be combined: Phase 1 : This phase is typically the first involving human participants, and involves the smallest number of human participants (typically, 20-50). Theinvestigational drug is initially introduced into healthy human subjects or patients and tested for safety, dosage tolerance, absorption, metabolism, distribution andexcretion. In addition, it is sometimes possible to gain a preliminary indication of efficacy. Phase 2 : Once the preliminary safety and tolerability of the drug in humans is confirmed during phase 1, phase 2 involves studies in a somewhat largergroup of study subjects. Unlike phase 1 studies, which typically involve healthy subjects, participants in phase 2 studies may be affected by the disease or conditionfor which the product candidate is being developed. Phase 2 studies are intended to identify possible adverse effects and safety risks, to evaluate the efficacy of theproduct for specific targeted diseases, and to determine appropriate dosage and tolerance. Phase 3 : Phase 3 trials typically involve a large numbers of patients affected by the disease or condition for which the product candidate is beingdeveloped. Phase 3 clinical trials are undertaken to evaluate clinical efficacy and safety under conditions resembling those for which the product will be used inactual clinical practice after FDA approval of the NDA. Phase 3 trials are typically the most costly and time-consuming of the clinical phases. Phase 4 or Post-Marketing Requirements : Phase 4 trials may be required by FDA after the approval of the NDA for the product, as a condition of theapproval, or may be undertaken voluntarily by the sponsor of the trial. The purpose of phase 4 trials is to continue to evaluate the safety and efficacy of the drug ona long-term basis and in a much larger and more diverse patient population than was included in the prior phases of clinical investigation. After clinical trials have been completed, and if they were considered successful, the sponsor may submit a NDA or Abbreviated New Drug Application,or ANDA, to the FDA including the results of the preclinical and clinical testing, together with, among other things, detailed information on the chemistry,manufacturing, quality controls, and proposed product labeling. There are two types of NDAs; a 505(b)(1) NDA and a 505(b)(2) NDA. A 505(b)(1) NDA is alsoknown as a "full NDA" and is described by section 505(b)(1) of the FD&C Act as an application containing full reports of investigations of safety andeffectiveness, in addition to other information. The data in a full NDA is either owned by the applicant or are data for which the applicant has obtained a right ofreference. A 505(b)(2) application is one described under section 505(b)(2) of the FD&C Act as an application for which information, or one or more of theinvestigations relied upon by the applicant for approval, "were not conducted by or for the applicant and for which the applicant has not obtained a right ofreference or use from the person by or for whom the investigations were conducted". This provision permits the FDA to rely for approval of an NDA on data notdeveloped by the applicant, such as published literature or the FDA's finding of safety and effectiveness of a previously approved drug. 505(b)(2) applications aresubmitted under section 505(b)(1) of the FD&C Act and are therefore subject to the same statutory provisions that govern 505(b)(1) applications that requireamong other things, "full reports" of safety and effectiveness. 18 505(b)(2) NDAs must include one of several different types of patent certifications to each patent that is listed in the FDA publication known as theOrange Book in connection with any previously approved drug, the approval of which is relied upon for approval of the 505(b)(2) NDA. Depending on the type ofcertification made, the approval of the 505(b)(2) NDA may be delayed until the relevant patent(s) expire, or in the case of a Paragraph IV Certification may lead topatent litigation against the applicant and a potential automatic approval delay of 30 months or more. Each NDA requires payment of a user fee, pursuant to the requirements of the Prescription Drug User Fee Act, or PDUFA, as periodically amended.According to FDA’s fee schedule, effective on October 1, 2015, for the 2016 fiscal year, the user fee for an application fee requiring clinical data, such as an NDAis $2,374,200. The FDA adjusts PDUFA user fees on an annual basis. PDUFA also imposes annual product and facility fees. A written request can be submitted fora waiver of the application fee for the first human drug application that is filed by a small business, but no waivers for product or establishment fees are available.Where we are subject to these fees, they are significant expenditures that may be incurred in the future and must be paid at the time of submission of eachapplication to FDA. After an NDA is submitted by an applicant, and if it is accepted for filing by the FDA, the FDA will then review the NDA and, if and when it determinesthat the data submitted are adequate to show that the product is safe and effective for its intended use, the FDA will approve the product for commercialdistribution in the U.S. There can be no assurance that any of our products in development will receive FDA approval or that even if approved, they will beapproved with labeling that includes descriptions of its abuse deterrent features. Moreover, even if our products in development are approved with labeling thatincludes descriptions of the abuse deterrent features of our products, advertising and promotion for the products will be limited to the specific claims anddescriptions in the FDA approved product labeling. The FDA requires drug manufacturers to establish and maintain quality control procedures for manufacturing, processing and holding drugs andinvestigational products, and products must be manufactured in accordance with defined specifications. Before approving an NDA, the FDA usually will inspectthe facility(ies) at which the active pharmaceutical ingredients and finished drug product is manufactured, and will not approve the product unless it finds thatcGMP compliance at those facility(ies) are satisfactory. If the FDA determines the NDA is not acceptable, the FDA may outline the deficiencies in the NDA andoften will request additional information, thus delaying the approval of a product. Notwithstanding the submission of any requested additional testing orinformation, the FDA ultimately may decide that the application does not satisfy the criteria for approval. After a product is approved, changes to the approvedproduct, such as adding new indications, manufacturing changes, or changes in or additions to the approved labeling for the product, may require submission of anew NDA or, in some instances, an NDA amendment, for further FDA review. Post-approval marketing of products in larger or different patient populations thanthose that were studied during development can lead to new findings about the safety or efficacy of the products. This information can lead to a product sponsor’srequesting approval for and/or the FDA requiring changes in the labeling of the product or even the withdrawal of the product from the market. The Best Pharmaceuticals for Children Act, or BPCA, became law in 2002 and was subsequently reauthorized and amended by FDAAA. Thereauthorization of BPCA provides an additional six months of market exclusivity beyond the expiration date of existing market exclusivities or eligible patents toNDA applicants that conduct acceptable pediatric studies of new and currently-marketed drug products for which pediatric information would be beneficial, asidentified by FDA in a Pediatric Written Request. The FD&C Act, as amended by the Pediatric Research Equity Act, or PREA, requires that most applications fordrugs and biologics include a pediatric assessment (unless waived or deferred) to ensure the drugs' and biologics' safety and effectiveness in children. Suchpediatric assessment must contain data, gathered using appropriate formulations for each age group for which the assessment is required, that are adequate to assessthe safety and effectiveness of the drug or the biological product for the claimed indications in all relevant pediatric subpopulations, and to support dosing andadministration for each pediatric subpopulation for which the drug or the biological product is safe and effective. The pediatric assessments can only be deferredprovided there is a timeline for the completion of such studies. FDA may waive (partially or fully) the pediatric assessment requirement for several reasons,including if the applicant can demonstrate that reasonable attempts to produce a pediatric formulation necessary for that age group have failed. The FDA hasindicated our Oxaydo product is exempt from the pediatric studies requirement of the PREA. 19 The terms of approval of any NDA for our product candidates, including the indication and product labeling (and, consequently permissible advertisingand promotional claims we can make) may be more restrictive than what is sought in the NDA or what is desired by us. Additionally, the FDA conditionedapproval of our Oxaydo product on our commitment to conduct Phase 4 epidemiological studies to assess the actual abuse levels of Oxaydo in the market. Thetesting and FDA approval process for our product candidates requires substantial time, effort, and financial resources, and we cannot be sure that any approval willbe granted on a timely basis, if at all. Further, drug products approved by FDA may be subject to continuing obligations intended to assure safe use of the products. Specifically, under theFD&C Act, as amended by the Food and Drug Administration Amendments Act of 2007, or FDAAA, FDA may require Risk Evaluation and Mitigation Strategies,or REMS, to manage known or potential serious risks associated with drugs or biological products. If FDA finds, at the time of approval or afterward, that a REMSis necessary to ensure that the benefits of our products outweigh the risks associated with the products, FDA will require a REMS and, consequently, that we takeadditional measures to ensure safe use of the product. Components of a REMS may include, but are not limited to, a Medication Guide and/or Patient PackageInsert, a marketing and sales communication plan for patients or healthcare providers concerning the drug, Elements To Assure Safe Use, or ETASUs such as, butnot limited to, patient, prescriber, and pharmacy registries, and restrictions on the extent or methods of distribution, a REMS implementation system, and atimetable for assessment of the effectiveness of the REMS. In addition, we, our suppliers and our licensees are required to comply with extensive FDA requirements both before and after approval. For example, weor our licensees are required to report certain adverse reactions and production problems, if any, to the FDA, and to comply with certain requirements concerningthe advertising and promotion of our products, which, as discussed above, may significantly affect the extent to which we can include statements or claimsreferencing our abuse deterrent technology in product labeling and advertising. Also, quality control and manufacturing procedures must continue to conform tocGMP after approval to avoid the product being rendered misbranded and/or adulterated under the FD&C Act as a result of manufacturing problems. In addition,discovery of any material safety issues may result in changes to product labeling or restrictions on a product manufacturer, potentially including removal of theproduct from the market. Whether or not FDA NDA approval in the U.S. has been obtained, approvals from comparable governmental regulatory authorities in foreign countriesmust be obtained prior to the commencement of commercialization of our drug products in those countries. The approval procedure varies in complexity fromcountry to country, and the time required may be longer or shorter than that required for FDA approval. FDA’s OTC Monograph Process The FDA regulates certain non-prescription drugs using an OTC Monograph which, when final, is published in the Code of Federal Regulations at 21C.F.R. Parts 330-358. For example, 21 C.F.R. Part 341 sets forth the products, such as pseudoephedrine hydrochloride, that may be marketed as an OTC cold,cough, allergy, bronchodilator, or antiasthmatic drug product in a form suitable for oral, inhalant, or topical administration and is generally recognized as safe andeffective and is not misbranded. Such products that meet each of the conditions established in the OTC Monograph regulations and the other applicable regulationsmay be marketed without prior approval by the FDA. The general conditions set forth for OTC Monograph products include, among other things: ·the product is manufactured at FDA registered establishments and in accordance with cGMPs; ·the product label meets applicable format and content requirements including permissible “Indications” and all required dosing instructions and limitations,warnings, precautions and contraindications that have been established in an applicable OTC Monograph; ·the product contains only permissible active ingredients in permissible strengths and dosage forms; ·the product contains only suitable inactive ingredients which are safe in the amounts administered and do not interfere with the effectiveness of thepreparation; and 20 ·the product container and container components meet FDA’s requirements. The advertising for OTC drug products is regulated by the Federal Trade Commission, or FTC, which generally requires that advertising claims betruthful, not misleading, and substantiated by adequate and reliable scientific evidence. False, misleading, or unsubstantiated OTC drug advertising may be subjectto FTC enforcement action and may also be challenged in court by competitors or others under the federal Lanham Act or similar state laws. Penalties for false ormisleading advertising may include monetary fines or judgments as well as injunctions against further dissemination of such advertising claims. A product marketed pursuant to an OTC Monograph must be registered with the FDA and have a National Drug Code listing which is required for allmarketed drug products. After marketing, the FDA may test the product or otherwise investigate the manufacturing and development of the product to ensurecompliance with the OTC Monograph. Should the FDA determine that a product is not marketed in compliance with the OTC Monograph or is advertised outsideof its regulations, the FDA may require corrective action up to and including market withdrawal and recall. In March 2014, the FDA held a workshop to discuss potential changes to the OTC Monograph regulations, including the requirement for sponsorcompanies to determine that their innovative formulations of inactive ingredients do not interfere with the effectiveness of the product. DEA Regulation Our Oxaydo product and several of our products in development, if approved and marketed, will be regulated as “controlled substances” as defined in theCSA, which establishes registration, security, recordkeeping, reporting, storage, distribution and other requirements administered by the DEA. The DEA isconcerned with the loss and diversion of potentially abused drugs into illicit channels of commerce and closely monitors and regulates handlers of controlledsubstances, and the equipment and raw materials used in their manufacture and packaging. The DEA designates controlled substances as Schedule I, II, III, IV or V or as List I Chemicals. Schedule I substances by definition have no establishedmedicinal use, and may not be marketed or sold in the United States. A pharmaceutical product may be listed as Schedule II, III, IV or V, with Schedule IIsubstances considered to present the highest risk of abuse and Schedule V substances the lowest relative risk of abuse among such substances. List I Chemicals areused to regulate potentially abused raw materials, such as pseudoephedrine HCl. We believe all of our products will receive DEA Scheduling consistent withcurrent DEA Scheduling standards. For example, Oxaydo Tablets are listed as a Schedule II controlled substances under the CSA, the same as all other oxycodoneHCl products. Consequently, their manufacture, shipment, storage, sale and use will be subject to a high degree of regulation. For example, generally, allSchedule II drug prescriptions must be signed by a physician, physically presented to a pharmacist and may not be refilled without a new prescription. Annual DEA registration is required for any facility that manufactures, tests, distributes, dispenses, imports or exports any controlled substance or List IChemical. Except for certain DEA defined co-incidental activities, each registration is specific to a particular location and activity. For example, separateregistrations are needed for import and manufacturing, and each registration must specify which schedules of controlled substances are authorized. The DEA typically inspects a facility to review its security measures prior to issuing a registration and, thereafter, on a periodic basis. Securityrequirements vary by controlled substance schedule, with the most stringent requirements applying to Schedule I and Schedule II substances. Required securitymeasures include, among other things, background checks on employees and physical control of inventory through measures such as vaults, cages, surveillancecameras and inventory reconciliations. Records must be maintained for the handling of all controlled substances and List I Chemicals, and periodic reports made tothe DEA, for example distribution reports for Schedule I and II controlled substances, Schedule III substances that are narcotics, and other designated substances.Reports must also be made for thefts or significant losses of any controlled substance and List I Chemicals, and to obtain authorization to destroy any controlledsubstance and List I Chemicals. In addition, special authorization, notification and permit requirements apply to imports and exports. 21 In addition, a DEA quota system controls and limits the availability and production of controlled substances in Schedule I or II and List I Chemicals.Distributions of any Schedule I or II controlled substance must also be accomplished using special order forms, with copies provided to the DEA. Because OxaydoTablets are Schedule II they are subject to the DEA’s production and procurement quota scheme. The DEA establishes annually an aggregate quota for how muchoxycodone active ingredient may be produced in total in the United States based on the DEA’s estimate of the quantity needed to meet legitimate scientific andmedicinal needs. This limited aggregate amount of oxycodone that the DEA allows to be produced in the United States each year is allocated among individualcompanies, who must submit applications annually to the DEA for individual production and procurement quotas. We or our licensees must receive an annualquota from the DEA in order to produce or procure any Schedule I or Schedule II substance and List I Chemicals. The DEA may adjust aggregate productionquotas and individual production and procurement quotas from time to time during the year, although the DEA has substantial discretion in whether or not to makesuch adjustments. Our or our licensees’ quota of an active ingredient may not be sufficient to meet commercial demand or complete the manufacture or purchase ofmaterial required for clinical trials. Any delay or refusal by the DEA in establishing our or our licensees’ quota for controlled substances or List I Chemicals coulddelay or stop our clinical trials or product launches, or interrupt commercial sales of our products which could have a material adverse effect on our business,financial position and results of operations. The DEA also regulates Listed Chemicals, which are chemicals that may be susceptible to abuse, diversion, and use in the illicit manufacture ofcontrolled substances. Some Listed Chemicals, including pseudoephedrine, are used in various prescription and OTC drug products. DEA and state laws andregulations impose extensive recordkeeping, security, distribution, and reporting requirements for companies that handle, manufacture, or distribute ListedChemicals, including lawful drug products containing Listed Chemicals. In particular, OTC drug products containing certain Listed Chemicals, includingpseudoephedrine, are required to be secured behind the pharmacy counter and dispensed to customers directly by a pharmacist only in limited quantities.Pharmacists must obtain proof of identity from customers, and must keep detailed records and make reports to the DEA regarding sales of such products.Individual states may, and in some cases have, imposed stricter requirements on the sale of drug products containing Listed Chemicals, including requiring adoctor’s prescription prior to dispensing such products to a customer. The DEA conducts periodic inspections of registered establishments that handle controlled substances and Listed Chemicals. Failure to maintaincompliance with applicable requirements, particularly as manifested in loss or diversion, can result in enforcement action that could have a material adverse effecton our business, results of operations and financial condition. The DEA may seek civil penalties, refuse to renew necessary registrations, or initiate proceedings torevoke those registrations. In certain circumstances, violations could lead to criminal prosecution. Individual states also regulate controlled substances and List I Chemicals, and we or our licensees are subject to such regulation by several states withrespect to the manufacture and future distribution of these products. Pharmaceutical Coverage, Pricing and Reimbursement In the United States, the commercial success of our product candidates will depend, in part, upon the availability of coverage and reimbursement fromthird-party payers at the federal, state and private levels. Government payer programs, including Medicare and Medicaid, private health care insurance companiesand managed care plans may deny coverage or reimbursement for a product or therapy in whole or in part if they determine that the product or therapy is notmedically appropriate or necessary. Also, third-party payers have attempted to control costs by limiting coverage and the amount of reimbursement for particularprocedures or drug treatments. The United States Congress and state legislatures from time to time propose and adopt initiatives aimed at cost containment, whichcould impact our ability to sell our products profitably. For example, in March 2010, President Obama signed into law the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act, as amended by the Health Care andEducation Reconciliation Act, which we refer to collectively as the Health Care Reform Law, a sweeping law intended to broaden access to health insurance,reduce or constrain the growth of healthcare spending, enhance remedies against fraud and abuse, add new transparency requirements for healthcare and healthinsurance industries, impose new taxes and fees on the health industry and impose additional health policy reforms. Among other cost containment measures, theHealthcare Reform Law establishes: 22 ·An annual, nondeductible fee on any entity that manufactures or imports certain branded prescription drugs and biologic agents;·A new Medicare Part D coverage gap discount program, in which pharmaceutical manufacturers who wish to have their drugs covered underPart D must offer discounts to eligible beneficiaries during their coverage gap period (the “donut hole”); and·A new formula that increases the rebates a manufacturer must pay under the Medicaid Drug Rebate Program. Many of the Healthcare Reform Law’s most significant reforms were implemented in 2014, with others thereafter, and their details will be shapedsignificantly by implementing regulations, some of which have yet to be finalized. If such reforms result in an increase in the proportion of uninsured patients whoare prescribed products resulting from our proprietary or partnered programs, this could adversely impact future sales of our products and our business and resultsof operations. Where patients receive insurance coverage under any of the new options made available through the Healthcare Reform Law, the possibility existsthat manufacturers may be required to pay Medicaid rebates on that resulting drug utilization, a decision that could impact manufacturer revenues. In addition, theAdministration has also announced delays in the implementation of key provisions of the Healthcare Reform Law. The implications of these delays for our sales,business and financial condition, if any, are not yet clear. Although it is too early to determine the effect of the Health Care Reform Law, the new law appears likely to continue the pressure on pharmaceuticalpricing, especially under government programs, and may also increase our or our licensees’ regulatory burdens and operating costs. Moreover, in the coming years,additional changes could be made to governmental healthcare programs that could significantly impact the success of our products. The cost of pharmaceuticals continues to generate substantial governmental and third-party payer interest. We expect that the pharmaceutical industry willexperience pricing pressures due to the trend toward managed healthcare, the increasing influence of managed care organizations and additional legislativeproposals. In addition to the Healthcare Reform Law, there will continue to be proposals by legislators at both the federal and state levels, regulators and third-party payers to keep healthcare costs down while expanding individual healthcare benefits. Economic pressure on state budgets may result in states increasinglyseeking to achieve budget savings through mechanisms that limit coverage or payment for drugs. State Medicaid programs are increasingly requestingmanufacturers to pay supplemental rebates and requiring prior authorization by the state program for use of any drug for which supplemental rebates are not beingpaid. Managed care organizations continue to seek price discounts and, in some cases, to impose restrictions on the coverage of particular drugs. Governmentefforts to reduce Medicaid expenses may lead to increased use of managed care organizations by Medicaid programs. This may result in managed careorganizations influencing prescription decisions for a larger segment of the population and a corresponding constraint on prices and reimbursement for ourproducts. Certain of these changes could limit the prices that can be charged for drugs we develop or the amounts of reimbursement available for these productsfrom governmental agencies or third-party payers, or may increase the tax obligations on pharmaceutical companies, or may facilitate the introduction of genericcompetition with respect to products we are able to commercialize. In short, our or our licensees’ results of operations could be adversely affected by current andfuture healthcare reforms. In international markets, reimbursement and healthcare payment systems vary significantly by country, and many countries have instituted price ceilingson specific products and therapies. There can be no assurance that our products will be considered medically reasonable and necessary for a specific indication, thatour products will be considered cost-effective by third-party payers, that an adequate level of coverage or payment will be available so that the third-party payers’reimbursement policies will not adversely affect our ability to sell our products profitably. 23 Other Healthcare Laws and Compliance Requirements We and our licensees that commercialize our products are subject to various federal and state laws targeting fraud and abuse in the healthcare industry.For example, the federal Anti-Kickback Statute prohibits persons from knowingly and willfully soliciting, receiving, offering or paying remuneration, directly orindirectly, to induce either the referral of an individual, or the furnishing, recommending, or arranging for a good or service, for which payment may be madeunder a federal healthcare program, such as the Medicare and Medicaid programs. The reach of the Anti-Kickback Statute was broadened by the Health CareReform Law, which, among other things, amends the intent requirement of the statute so that a person or entity no longer needs to have actual knowledge of thisstatute or specific intent to violate it in order to have committed a violation. The Healthcare Reform Law also provides that the government may assert that a claimincluding items or services resulting from a violation of the federal Anti-Kickback Statute constitutes a false or fraudulent claim for purposes of the civil FalseClaims Act or the civil monetary penalties statute. The civil False Claims Act imposes liability on any person who, among other things, knowingly presents, orcauses to be presented, a false or fraudulent claim for payment by a federal healthcare program. The “qui tam” provisions of the False Claims Act allow a privateindividual to bring civil actions on behalf of the federal government alleging that the defendant has submitted a false claim to the federal government, and to sharein any monetary recovery. Violations of these laws or any other federal or state fraud and abuse laws may subject our licensees to civil and criminal penalties,including fines, imprisonment and exclusion from participation in federal healthcare programs, which could harm the commercial success of our products andmaterially affect our business, financial condition and results of operations. Segment Reporting We operate in one business segment; the research, development and manufacture of innovative abuse deterrent, orally administered pharmaceuticalproducts. Environmental Compliance We are subject to regulation under federal, state and local environmental laws and believe we are in material compliance with such laws. We incur theusual waste disposal cost associated with a pharmaceutical research, development and manufacturing operation. Employees We have 15 full-time employees, 9 of whom are engaged in the research, development and manufacture of product candidates utilizing our proprietaryAversion, Impede, and Limitx Technologies. The remaining employees are engaged in administrative legal, accounting, finance, marketing, market research, andbusiness development activities. All of our senior management and most of our other employees have had prior experience in pharmaceutical or biotechnologycompanies. None of our employees are covered by collective bargaining agreements. We believe that our relations with our employees are good. ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS Our future operating results may vary substantially from anticipated results due to a number of factors, many of which are beyond our control. Thefollowing discussion highlights some of these factors and the possible impact of these factors on future results of operations. If any of the following factors actuallyoccur, our business, financial condition or results of operations could be materially harmed. In that case, the value of our common stock could decline substantiallyand you may lose all or part of your investment. Risks Related to Our Business and Industry We require additional funding We anticipate that we will require additional financing or entry into license or collaborative agreements with third parties providing for net proceeds to us in orderto continue to fund operations. No assurance can be given that we will be successful in obtaining any such financing or in securing license or collaborativeagreements with third parties on acceptable terms, if at all, or if secured, that such financing or license or collaborative agreements will provide for funding orpayments to us sufficient to continue to fund operations. Although we believe we have cash and marketable securities sufficient to fund operations through at leastthe first quarter of 2017, in the absence of such financing or third-party license or collaborative agreements, we may be required to scale back or terminateoperations and/or seek protection under applicable bankruptcy laws. Even assuming we are successful in securing additional sources of financing to fund continuedoperations, there can be no assurance that the proceeds of such financing will be sufficient to fund operations until such time, if at all, that we generate sufficientrevenue from our products and product candidates to sustain and grow our operations. 24 We are largely dependent on the commercial success of OXAYDO We anticipate that, for at least fiscal 2016 and 2017, our ability to generate revenues and become profitable will depend in large part on the commercial success ofour only FDA approved product, OXAYDO, which in turn will depend on several factors, including our and our licensee Egalet’s ability to: ·obtain and increase market demand for, and sales of, OXAYDO; ·obtain acceptance of OXAYDO by physicians and patients; ·obtain and maintain adequate levels of coverage and reimbursement for OXAYDO from commercial health plans and government health programs,which we refer to collectively as third-party payors, particularly in light of the availability of other branded and generic competitive products; ·maintain compliance with regulatory requirements; ·price OXAYDO competitively and enter into price discounting contracts with third-party payors; ·establish and maintain agreements with wholesalers and distributors on commercially reasonable terms; ·manufacture and supply OXAYDO to meet commercial demand, including obtaining sufficient quota from the DEA; and ·maintain intellectual property protection for OXAYDO and obtain favorable drug listing treatment by the FDA to minimize generic competition. There can be no assurance that Egalet will devote sufficient resources to the marketing and commercialization of OXAYDO. Egalet’s marketing of OXAYDO mayresult in low market acceptance and insufficient demand for, and sales of, the product. If Egalet fails to successfully commercialize OXAYDO and generate andincrease sales, we may be unable to generate sufficient revenues to sustain or grow our business and we may never become profitable, and our business, financialcondition and results of operations will be materially adversely affected. If we are not successful in commercializing our NEXAFED Products and other IMPEDE Technology products, our revenues and business will suffer. We commenced the launch and commercial distribution of NEXAFED in mid-December 2012 and launched our NEXAFED Sinus Pressure + Pain product inFebruary 2015. Our NEXAFED products compete in the highly competitive market for cold, sinus and allergy products generally available to the consumerwithout a prescription. Many of our competitors have substantially greater financial and other resources and are able to expend more funds and effort than us inmarketing their competing products. Category leading brands are often supported by regional and national advertising and promotional efforts. Our NEXAFEDproducts will compete with national brands as well as pharmacy store brands that are offered at a lower price. There can be no assurance that we will succeed incommercializing our NEXAFED products, or that the pricing of our NEXAFED products will allow us to generate significant revenues or profit. Regulations havebeen enacted in several state or local jurisdictions requiring a doctor’s prescription to obtain pseudoephedrine products. An expansion of such restrictions to otherjurisdictions or even nationally will adversely impact our ability to market our NEXAFED products as OTC products and generate revenue from NEXAFEDproducts sales. Our failure to successfully commercialize our NEXAFED® products and to develop and commercialize other IMPEDE Technology products willhave a material adverse effect on our business and financial condition. 25 If Egalet is not successful in commercializing OXAYDO, our revenues and our business will suffer. Pursuant to our Collaboration and License Agreement with Egalet, or the Egalet Agreement, Egalet is responsible for manufacturing, marketing, pricing,promotion, selling and distribution of OXAYDO. If the Egalet Agreement is terminated in accordance with its terms, including due to a party’s failure to performits obligations or responsibilities under the Agreement, then we would need to commercialize OXAYDO ourselves, for which we currently have no infrastructure,or alternatively enter into a new agreement with another pharmaceutical company, of which no assurance can be given. If we are unable to build the necessaryinfrastructure to commercialize OXAYDO ourselves, which would substantially increase our expenses and capital requirements, which we are currently unable tofund, or are unable to find a suitable replacement commercialization partner, we would be unable to generate any revenue from OXAYDO. Even if we aresuccessful at replacing the commercialization capabilities of Egalet, our revenues and/or royalties from OXAYDO could be adversely impacted. Egalet’s third party manufacturing facility will be the sole commercial source of supply of OXAYDO. If Egalet’s manufacturing facility fails to obtain sufficientDEA quotas for oxycodone, fails to source adequate quantities of active and inactive ingredients, fails to comply with regulatory requirements, or otherwiseexperiences disruptions in commercial supply of OXAYDO, product revenue and our royalties could be adversely impacted. Egalet has various products in development for which OXAYDO will vie for such licensee’s development, promotional, marketing, and selling resources. If Egaletfails to commit sufficient promotional, marketing and selling resources to OXAYDO, our expected royalties could be adversely impacted. Additionally, there canbe no assurance that Egalet will commit the resources required for the successful commercialization of OXAYDO. The market for our opioid product candidates is highly competitive with many marketed non-abuse deterrent brand and generic products and other abuse deterrentproduct candidates in development. If Egalet prices OXAYDO inappropriately, fails to position OXAYDO properly, targets inappropriate physician specialties, orotherwise does not provide sufficient promotional support, product revenue and our royalties could be materially adversely impacted. Egalet’s promotional, marketing and sales activities in connection with OXAYDO are subject to various federal and state fraud and abuse laws, including, withoutlimitation, the federal Anti-Kickback Statute and the federal False Claims Act. The federal Anti-Kickback Statute prohibits persons from knowingly and willfullysoliciting, receiving, offering or paying remuneration, directly or indirectly, to induce, or in return for, the purchase or recommendation of an item or servicereimbursable under a federal healthcare program. The federal False Claims Act imposes liability on any person who, among other things, knowingly presents, orcauses to be presented, a false or fraudulent claim for payment by a federal healthcare program. If Egalet’s activities are found to be in violation of these laws orany other federal and state fraud and abuse laws, Egalet may be subject to penalties, including civil and criminal penalties, damages, fines and the curtailment orrestructuring of its activities with regard to the commercialization of OXAYDO, which could harm the commercial success of OXAYDO and have a materialadverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. Our failure to continue the development of our LIMITX opioid product candidates including hydromorphone HCI or hydrocodone/acetaminophen, or tosuccessfully establish a license agreement with a pharmaceutical company for the development and commercialization of such products, will adverselyimpact our ability to develop, market and sell our LIMITX technology products and our revenues and business will suffer. We are engaged in the development of product candidates utilizing or LIMITX technology, including a Phase 1 exploratory pharmacokinetic study for ourhydromorphone HCI lead product candidate. Our plan for developing, manufacturing and commercializing our LIMITX opioid products includes entering into anagreement similar to the Egalet Agreement with a strategically focused pharmaceutical company. There can be no assurance, however, that our early-stagedevelopment of our LIMITX product candidates will be successful, or even if successful, that we will be successful in entering into such an agreement. Pendingany such agreement, we expect to continue the development of our LIMITX product candidates on our own. The continued development of our LIMITX productcandidates will likely require additional financing, which may not be available on acceptable terms, or at all. In the absence of available financing, or our failure tosuccessfully enter into a license agreement with a pharmaceutical company to develop and commercialize our LIMITX products, we may have to limit the size orscope of, or delay or abandon, the development of some or all of our product candidates, which would adversely impact our financial condition and results ofoperations. 26 We have a history of operating losses and may not achieve profitability sufficient to generate a positive return on shareholders’ investment. We had a net loss of $5.0 million, $13.2 million and $13.9 million for the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013, respectively. Our future profitabilitywill depend on several factors, including: ·our receipt of royalties relating to Egalet’s sale of OXAYDO; ·our successful marketing and sale of our NEXAFED products and other products utilizing our IMPEDE Technology, and market acceptance,increased demand for and sales of our NEXAFED products; ·our receipt of milestone payments and royalties relating to our LIMITX Technology products in development from future licensees, of which noassurance can be given; and ·the receipt of FDA approval and the successful commercialization by future licensees (if any) of products utilizing our LIMITX Technology and ourability to commercialize our IMPEDE Technology without infringing the patents and other intellectual property rights of third parties. We cannot assure you that OXAYDO or our NEXAFED products will be successfully commercialized or our LIMITX Technology or IMPEDE Technologyproducts in development will be successfully developed or be approved for commercialization by the FDA. Even if Egalet succeeds in commercializing OXAYDO, or if we or a licensee succeed in developing and commercializing one or more of our pipeline LIMITX orIMPEDE Technology products, we expect to continue using cash reserves for the foreseeable future. Our expenses may increase in the foreseeable future as aresult of continued research and development of our product candidates, maintaining and expanding the scope of our intellectual property, commercializing ourNEXAFED products, and hiring of additional research and development staff. We will need to generate revenues from direct product sales or indirectly from royalties on sales to achieve and maintain profitability. If we cannot successfullycommercialize our NEXAFED products, if Egalet does not successfully commercialize OXAYDO, or if we or our licensee (if any) cannot successfully develop,obtain regulatory approval and commercialize our products in development, including our LIMITX product candidates, we will not be able to generate such royaltyrevenues or achieve future profitability. Our failure to achieve or maintain profitability would have a material adverse impact on our operations, financial conditionand on the market price of our common stock. We must rely on current cash reserves, royalties from Egalet on Egalet’s sales of OXAYDO, revenues from our NEXAFED product sales and payments thatmay be made under the Bayer Agreement to fund operations. To fund our continued operations, we expect to rely on our current cash resources, royalty payments under the Egalet Agreement relating to OXAYDO,collaboration reimbursement, milestones and royalty payments that may be made under the Bayer Agreement, and milestones and royalty payments that may bemade under future license agreements with other pharmaceutical company partners for our product candidates in development, of which no assurances can begiven, and revenues from our commercialization of our NEXAFED products. No assurance can be given that current cash reserves and revenues from ourNEXAFED product sales and royalties from Egalet on OXAYDO net sales will be sufficient to fund continued operations and the development of our productcandidates until such time as we generate revenues from any of our products in development. Moreover, no assurance can be given that we will be successful inraising additional financing or, if financing is obtained, that such financing will be sufficient to fund operations until we generate sufficient revenues fromOXAYDO, or until product candidates utilizing our LIMITX or IMPEDE Technologies may be commercialized. In the event our cash reserves are insufficient tofund continued operations, we may need to suspend some or all of our product development efforts or possibly discontinue operations. 27 Our and our licensees’ ability to market and promote OXAYDO and LIMITX technology products by describing the abuse deterrent features of suchproducts will be determined by the FDA approved label for such products. The commercial success of OXAYDO and our LIMITX Technology products in development will depend upon our and our licensees’ ability to obtain FDAapproved labeling describing such products’ abuse deterrent features or benefits. Our or our licensees’ failure to achieve FDA approval of product labelingcontaining such information will prevent or substantiality limit our and our licensees’ advertising and promotion of such abuse deterrent features in order todifferentiate our products from other immediate release opioid products containing the same active ingredients, and would have a material adverse impact on ourbusiness and results of operations. In April 2015, the FDA published guidance for industry on the evaluation and labeling of abuse-deterrent opioids. While the2015 FDA Guidance is non-binding on the FDA, it outlines FDA’s current thinking on the development and labeling of abuse-deterrent products. The 2015 FDAGuidance provides for three distinct levels of pre-marketing studies that are potentially eligible for inclusion in the labeling: (1) laboratory-based in vitromanipulation and extraction studies, (2) pharmacokinetic studies, and (3) clinical abuse potential studies. The Guidance further prescribes additional post-approvalor epidemiology studies to determine whether the marketing of a product with abuse-deterrent properties results in meaningful reductions in abuse, misuse, andrelated adverse clinical outcomes, including addiction, overdose, and death in the post-approval setting, which can also be included in the labeling. FDA notes “thescience of abuse deterrence is relatively new. Both the technologies involved and the analytical, clinical, and statistical methods for evaluating those technologiesare rapidly evolving. For these reasons, FDA will take a flexible, adaptive approach to the evaluation and labeling of potentially abuse-deterrent opioid products”. We or our licensee may seek to include descriptions of studies that characterize the abuse-deterrent properties in the label for our AVERSION and LIMITXTechnology products in development. We have committed to the FDA to undertake epidemiological studies to assess the actual consequences of abuse ofOXAYDO in the market. However, the extent to which a description of the abuse deterrent properties or results of epidemiological or other studies will be added toor included in the FDA approved product label for our products in development will be the subject of our and our licensees’ discussions with, and agreement by,the FDA as part of the NDA review process for each of our product candidates. The outcome of those discussions with the FDA will determine whether we or ourlicensees will be able to market our products with labeling that sufficiently differentiates them from other products that have comparable therapeutic profiles.While the FDA approved label for OXAYDO includes the results from a clinical study which evaluated the effects of nasally snorting crushed Oxaydo andcommercially available oxycodone tablets and limitations on wetting or dissolving OXAYDO, it does not, however, include the results of our laboratory studiesintended to evaluate OXAYDO’s potential to limit extraction of oxycodone HCl from dissolved OXAYDO Tablets and resist conversion into an injectable, or IVsolution. The absence of the results of these extraction and syringe studies in the FDA approved label for OXAYDO may substantially limit our licensee’s abilityto differentiate OXAYDO from other immediate release oxycodone products, which would have a material adverse effect on market acceptance of OXAYDO andon our business and results of operations. Notwithstanding the FDA approved labeling for OXAYDO, there can be no assurance that our LIMITX or AVERSION Technology products in development willreceive FDA approved labeling that describes the abuse deterrent features of such products. If the FDA does not approve labeling containing such information, weor our licensees will not be able to promote such products based on their abuse deterrent features, may not be able to differentiate such products from otherimmediate release opioid products containing the same active ingredients, and may not be able to charge a premium above the price of such other products, whichcould materially adversely affect our business and results of operations. Further, because the FDA closely regulates promotional materials and other promotional activities, even if the FDA initially approves product labeling thatincludes a description of the abuse deterrent characteristics of our product, as in the case of OXAYDO, the FDA’s Office of Prescription Drug Promotion, orOPDP, will continue to review the acceptability of promotional claims and product advertising campaigns for our marketed products. This could lead to theissuance of warning letters or untitled letters, suspension or withdrawal of OXAYDO from the market, recalls, fines, disgorgement of money, operatingrestrictions, injunctions or criminal prosecution, which could harm the commercial success of our product and materially affect our business, financial conditionand results of operations. 28 Our product candidates are unproven and may not be approved by the FDA. We are committing a majority of our resources to the development of product candidates utilizing our LIMITX and IMPEDE Technologies. Notwithstanding thereceipt of FDA approval of OXAYDO and our marketing of our NEXAFED products, there can be no assurance that any product candidate utilizing our IMPEDEor LIMITX Technologies will meet FDA’s standards for commercial distribution. Further, there can be no assurance that other product candidates that may bedeveloped using LIMITX, IMPEDE or AVERSION Technologies will achieve the targeted end points in the required clinical studies or perform as intended inother pre-clinical and clinical studies or lead to an NDA submission or filing acceptance. Our failure to successfully develop and achieve final FDA approval of ourproduct candidates in development will have a material adverse affect on our financial condition. If the FDA disagrees with our determination that certain of our products meet the over-the-counter, or OTC, Monograph requirements, once thoseproducts are commercialized, they may be removed from the market; the FDA or the U.S. Federal Trade Commission, or FTC, may object to ouradvertisement and promotion of the extraction characteristics and benefits of our NEXAFED products. Drugs that have been deemed safe and effective by the FDA for use by the general public without a prescription are classified as OTC drug products. Certain OTCdrug products may be commercialized without premarket review by the FDA if the standards set forth in the applicable regulatory monograph are met. An OTCmonograph provides the marketing conditions for the applicable OTC drug product, including active ingredients, labeling, and other general requirements, such ascompliance with cGMP and establishment registration. Any product which fails to conform to each of the general conditions and a monograph is subject toregulatory action. Further, although the FDA regulates OTC drug product labeling, the FTC regulates the advertising and marketing of OTC drug products. Webelieve that our NEXAFED products are classified for OTC sale under an FDA OTC monograph, which will allow us to commercialize them without submittingan NDA or ANDA to the FDA. We have also determined that, provided we adhere to the FDA’s requirements for OTC monograph products, including productlabeling, we can advertise and promote the extraction characteristics and benefits of our NEXAFED products which are supported by our research studies. Noassurance can be given, however, that the FDA will agree that our NEXAFED products may be sold under the FDA’s OTC monograph product regulations or thatthe FDA or FTC will not object to our advertisement and promotion of our NEXAFED products’ extraction characteristics and benefits. If the FDA determines thatour NEXAFED products do not conform to the OTC monograph or if we fail to meet the general conditions, once commercialized, the products may be removedfrom the market and we may face various actions including, but not limited to, restrictions on the marketing or distribution of such products, warning letters, fines,product seizure, or injunctions or the imposition of civil or criminal penalties. Any of these actions may materially and adversely affect our financial condition andoperations. Additionally, the FDA has recently announced that it is considering material changes to how it regulates OTC drug products and held hearing in lateMarch 2014 for public comment. Changes to the existing OTC regulations could result in a requirement that we file an NDA or ANDA for our NEXAFEDproducts or other IMPEDE Technology products in order to commercialize such products. If the FDA requires that we submit a NDA or ANDA to obtainmarketing approval for our NEXAFED® products or other IMPEDE Technology products, this would result in substantial additional costs, suspend thecommercialization of our NEXAFED products and require FDA approval prior to sale, of which no assurance can be provided. In such case, the label for ourNEXAFED products or other IMPEDE Technology products would be subject to FDA review and approval and there can be no assurance that we will be able tomarket NEXAFED or other IMPEDE Technology products with labeling sufficient to differentiate it from products that have comparable therapeutic profiles. If weare unable to advertise and promote the extraction characteristics of NEXAFED or other IMPEDE Technology products, we may be unable to compete withnational brands and pharmacy chain store brands. Our LIMITX, IMPEDE and AVERSION Technology products may not be successful in limiting or impeding abuse or misuse upon commercialization. We are committing a majority of our resources to the development of products utilizing our LIMITX, IMPEDE and AVERSION Technologies. Notwithstandingthe receipt of FDA approval of OXAYDO and the results of our numerous clinical and laboratory studies for OXAYDO, our NEXAFED products, and ourLIMITX, IMPEDE and AVERSION Technology products in development, there can be no assurance that OXAYDO, our NEXAFED products or any otherproduct utilizing our LIMITX, IMPEDE or AVERSION Technologies will perform as tested and limit or impede the actual abuse or misuse of such products incommercial settings. Moreover, there can be no assurance that the post-approval epidemiological study required by the FDA as a condition of approval ofOXAYDO will show a reduction in the consequences of abuse and misuse by patients for whom OXAYDO is prescribed. The failure of OXAYDO, ourNEXAFED products or other products utilizing our LIMITX, IMPEDE and AVERSION Technologies to limit or impede actual abuse or misuse in practice willhave a material adverse impact on market acceptance for such products and on our financial condition and results of operations. 29 Relying on third party CROs may result in delays in our pre-clinical, clinical or laboratory testing. If pre-clinical, clinical or laboratory testing for ourproduct candidates are unsuccessful or delayed, we will be unable to meet our anticipated development and commercialization timelines. To obtain FDA approval to commercially sell and distribute in the United States any of our prescription product candidates, we or our licensees must submit to theFDA a NDA demonstrating, among other things, that the product candidate is safe and effective for its intended use. As we do not possess the resources or employall the personnel necessary to conduct such testing, we rely on CROs for the majority of this testing with our product candidates. As a result, we have less controlover our development program than if we performed the testing entirely on our own. Third parties may not perform their responsibilities on our anticipatedschedule. Delays in our development programs could significantly increase our product development costs and delay product commercialization. The commencement of clinical trials with our product candidates may be delayed for several reasons, including, but not limited to, delays in demonstratingsufficient pre-clinical safety required to obtain regulatory approval to commence a clinical trial, reaching agreements on acceptable terms with prospective CROs,clinical trial sites and licensees, manufacturing and quality assurance release of a sufficient supply of a product candidate for use in our clinical trials and/orobtaining institutional review board approval to conduct a clinical trial at a prospective clinical site. Once a clinical trial has begun, it may be delayed, suspendedor terminated by us or regulatory authorities due to several factors, including ongoing discussions with regulatory authorities regarding the scope or design of ourclinical trials, a determination by us or regulatory authorities that continuing a trial presents an unreasonable health risk to participants, failure to conduct clinicaltrials in accordance with regulatory requirements, lower than anticipated recruitment or retention rate of patients in clinical trials, inspection of the clinical trialoperations or trial sites by regulatory authorities, the imposition of a clinical hold by FDA, lack of adequate funding to continue clinical trials, and/or negative orunanticipated results of clinical trials. Clinical trials required by the FDA for commercial approval may not demonstrate safety or efficacy of our product candidates. Success in pre-clinical testing andearly clinical trials does not assure that later clinical trials will be successful. Results of later clinical trials may not replicate the results of prior clinical trials andpre-clinical testing. Even if the results of our pivotal phase III clinical trials are positive, we and our licensees may have to commit substantial time and additionalresources to conduct further pre-clinical and clinical studies before we or our licensees can submit NDAs or obtain regulatory approval for our product candidates. Clinical trials are expensive and at times, difficult to design and implement, in part because they are subject to rigorous regulatory requirements. Further, ifparticipating subjects or patients in clinical studies suffer drug-related adverse reactions during the course of such trials, or if we, our licensees or the FDA believesthat participating patients are being exposed to unacceptable health risks, we or our licensees may suspend the clinical trials. Failure can occur at any stage of thetrials, and we or our licensees could encounter problems causing the abandonment of clinical trials or the need to conduct additional clinical studies, relating to aproduct candidate. Even if our clinical trials and laboratory testing are completed as planned, their results may not support commercially viable product label claims. The clinical trialprocess may fail to demonstrate that our product candidates are safe and effective for their intended use. Such failure may cause us or our licensees to abandon aproduct candidate and may delay the development of other product candidates. 30 We have no commercial manufacturing capacity and rely on third-party contract manufacturers to produce commercial quantities of our products. We do not have the facilities, equipment or personnel to manufacture commercial quantities of our products and therefore must rely on our licensees or otherqualified third-party contract manufactures with appropriate facilities and equipment to contract manufacture commercial quantities of products utilizing ourAVERSION and IMPEDE Technologies. These licensees and third- party contract manufacturers are also subject to cGMP regulations, which impose extensiveprocedural and documentation requirements. Any performance failure on the part of our licensees or contract manufacturers could delay commercialization of anyapproved products, depriving us of potential product revenue. Our drug products, including our NEXAFED products, require precise, high quality manufacturing. Failure by our contract manufacturers to achieve and maintainhigh manufacturing standards could result in patient injury or death, product recalls or withdrawals, delays or failures in testing or delivery, cost overruns, or otherproblems that could materially adversely affect our business. Contract manufacturers may encounter difficulties involving production yields, quality control, andquality assurance. These manufacturers are subject to ongoing periodic unannounced inspection by the FDA and corresponding state and foreign agencies to ensurestrict compliance with cGMP and other applicable government regulations; however, beyond contractual remedies that may be available to us, we do not havecontrol over third-party manufacturers’ compliance with these regulations and standards. If for some reason our contract manufacturers cannot perform as agreed, or if we are unable to reach agreement with our contract manufacturers on the terms ofcontinued supply of our products, we may be required to replace them. Although we believe there are a number of potential replacements, we will incur addedcosts and delays in identifying and qualifying any such replacements. In addition, a new manufacturer would have to be educated in, or develop substantiallyequivalent processes for, production of our products or drug candidates, which could adversely impact the continued supply of our products or drug candidates. We or our licensees may not obtain required FDA approval; the FDA approval process is time-consuming and expensive. The development, testing, manufacturing, marketing and sale of pharmaceutical products are subject to extensive federal, state and local regulation in the UnitedStates and other countries. Satisfaction of all regulatory requirements typically takes years, is dependent upon the type, complexity and novelty of the productcandidate, and requires the expenditure of substantial resources for research, development and testing. Substantially all of our operations are subject to compliancewith FDA regulations. Failure to adhere to applicable FDA regulations by us or our licensees would have a material adverse effect on our operations and financialcondition. In addition, in the event we are successful in developing product candidates for distribution and sale in other countries, we would become subject toregulation in such countries. Such foreign regulations and product approval requirements are expected to be time consuming and expensive. We or our licensees may encounter delays or rejections during any stage of the regulatory review and approval process based upon the failure of clinical orlaboratory data to demonstrate compliance with, or upon the failure of the product candidates to meet, the FDA’s requirements for safety, efficacy and quality; andthose requirements may become more stringent due to changes in regulatory agency policy or the adoption of new regulations. After submission of a NDA, theFDA may refuse to file the application, deny approval of the application, require additional testing or data and/or require post-marketing testing and surveillance tomonitor the safety or efficacy of a product. For instance, the FDA’s approval of OXAYDO is conditioned on us or Egalet conducting a post-approvalepidemiological study to assess the actual abuse levels and consequences of OXAYDO in the market. The Prescription Drug User Fee Act, or PDUFA, sets timestandards for the FDA’s review of NDA’s. The FDA's timelines described in the PDUFA guidance are flexible and subject to change based on workload and otherpotential review issues and may delay the FDA’s review of an NDA. Further, the terms of approval of any NDA, including the product labeling, may be morerestrictive than we or our licensees desire and could affect the marketability of our products. 31 Even if we comply with all the FDA regulatory requirements, we or our licensees may not obtain regulatory approval for any of our product candidates indevelopment. For example, we previously submitted a NDA to the FDA for an AVERSION Technology product containing niacin, intended to provideimpediments to over-ingesting the product. Such niacin containing product was not approved by the FDA. If we or our licensees fail to obtain regulatory approvalfor any of our product candidates in development, we will have fewer commercialized products and correspondingly lower revenues. Even if regulatory approvalof our products in development is received, such approval may involve limitations on the indicated uses or promotional claims we or our licensees may make forour products, or otherwise not permit labeling that sufficiently differentiates our product candidates from competitive products with comparable therapeuticprofiles but without abuse deterrent features (see risk factor above entitled “Our and our licensees ability to market and promote OXAYDO and LIMITXTechnology products by describing the abuse deterrent features of such products will be determined by the FDA approved label for such products”). Such eventswould have a material adverse effect on our operations and financial condition. We may market certain of our products without the prior application to andapproval by the FDA. The FDA may subsequently require us to withdraw such products and submit NDA’s for approval prior to re-marketing. The FDA also has the authority to revoke or suspend approvals of previously approved products for cause, to debar companies and individuals from participatingin the drug-approval process, to request recalls of allegedly violative products, to seize allegedly violative products, to obtain injunctions to close manufacturingplants allegedly not operating in conformity with current cGMP and to stop shipments of allegedly violative products. In the event the FDA takes any such actionrelating to our products, such actions would have a material adverse effect on our operations and financial condition. We must maintain FDA approval to manufacture clinical supplies of our product candidates at our facility; failure to maintain compliance with FDArequirements may prevent or delay the manufacture of our product candidates and costs of manufacture may be higher than expected. We have installed the equipment necessary to manufacture clinical trial supplies of our LIMITX and IMPEDE Technology product candidates in tabletformulations at our Culver, Indiana facility. To be used in clinical trials, all of our product candidates must be manufactured in conformity with cGMP regulations.All such product candidates must be manufactured, packaged, and labeled and stored in accordance with cGMPs. Modifications, enhancements or changes inmanufacturing sites of marketed products are, in many circumstances, subject to FDA approval, which may be subject to a lengthy application process or which wemay be unable to obtain. Our Culver, Indiana facility, and those of any third-party manufacturers that we or our licensees may use, are periodically subject toinspection by the FDA and other governmental agencies, and operations at these facilities could be interrupted or halted if the FDA deems such inspections areunsatisfactory. Failure to comply with FDA or other governmental regulations can result in fines, unanticipated compliance expenditures, recall or seizure ofproducts, total or partial suspension of production or distribution, suspension of FDA review of our product candidates, termination of ongoing research,disqualification of data for submission to regulatory authorities, enforcement actions, injunctions and criminal prosecution. We develop our products, and manufacture clinical supplies, at a single location. Any disruption at this facility could adversely affect our business andresults of operations. We rely on our Culver, Indiana facility for developing our product candidates and the manufacture of clinical supplies of our product candidates. If the Culver,Indiana facility were damaged or destroyed, or otherwise subject to disruption, it would require substantial lead-time to repair or replace. If our Culver facility wereaffected by a disaster, we would be forced to rely entirely on CROs and third-party contract manufacturers for an indefinite period of time. Although we believe wepossess adequate insurance for damage to our property and for the disruption of our business from casualties, such insurance may not be sufficient to cover all ofour potential losses and may not continue to be available to us on acceptable terms, or at all. Moreover, any disruptions or delays at our Culver, Indiana facilitycould impair our ability to develop our product candidates utilizing the IMPEDE or LIMITX Technologies, which could adversely affect our business and resultsof operations. 32 Our operations are subject to environmental, health and safety, and other laws and regulations, with which compliance is costly and which exposes us topenalties for non-compliance. Our business, properties and product candidates are subject to federal, state and local laws and regulations relating to the protection of the environment, naturalresources and worker health and safety and the use, management, storage and disposal of hazardous substances, waste and other regulated materials. Because weown and operate real property, various environmental laws also may impose liability on us for the costs of cleaning up and responding to hazardous substances thatmay have been released on our property, including releases unknown to us. These environmental laws and regulations also could require us to pay forenvironmental remediation and response costs at third-party locations where we dispose of or recycle hazardous substances. The costs of complying with thesevarious environmental requirements, as they now exist or may be altered in the future, could adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations. Our failure to successfully establish new license agreements with pharmaceutical companies for the development and commercialization of our otherproducts in development may adversely impair our ability to develop, market and sell such products. The Egalet Agreement grants Egalet an exclusive worldwide license to develop and commercialize OXAYDO. We believe that opportunities exist to enter intolicense agreements similar to the Egalet Agreement with other pharmaceutical company partners for the development and commercialization of our LIMITX andIMPEDE Technology product candidates in development in the United States and worldwide. However, there can be no assurance that we will be successful inentering into such license agreements in the future. If we are unable to enter into such agreements, our ability to develop and commercialize our productcandidates, and our financial condition and results of operations, would be materially adversely affected. If our licensees do not satisfy their obligations, we will be unable to develop our licensed product candidates. As part of our Egalet Agreement or any license agreement we may enter into relating to any of our LIMITX or IMPEDE Technology products in development, wewill not have day-to-day control over the activities of our licensees with respect to any product candidate. If a licensee fails to fulfill its obligations under anagreement with us, we may be unable to assume the development and/or commercialization of the product covered by that agreement or to enter into alternativearrangements with another third party. In addition, we may encounter delays in the commercialization of the products that are the subject of a license agreement.Accordingly, our ability to receive any revenue from the products covered by such agreements will be dependent on the efforts of our licensee. We could beinvolved in disputes with a licensee, which could lead to delays in or termination of, our development and/or commercialization programs and result in timeconsuming and expensive litigation or arbitration. In addition, any such dispute could diminish our licensee’s commitment to us and reduce the resources theydevote to developing and/or commercializing our products. If any licensee terminates or breaches its agreement, or otherwise fails to complete its obligations in atimely manner, our chances of successfully developing and/or commercializing our product candidates would be materially adversely effected. Additionally, due tothe nature of the market for OXAYDO and our LIMITX and IMPEDE product candidates, it may be necessary for us to license a significant portion of our productcandidates to a single company, thereby eliminating our opportunity to commercialize other product candidates with other licensees. If we fail to maintain our license agreement with Eaglet, we may have to commercialize OXAYDO on our own. Our plan for manufacturing and commercializing OXAYDO currently requires us to maintain our license agreement with Egalet. In addition to other customarytermination provisions, the Egalet Agreement provides that Egalet may terminate the Egalet Agreement upon certain notice periods. If Egalet elects to terminatethe Egalet Agreement, or if we are otherwise unable to maintain our existing relationship with Egalet, we would have to commercialize OXAYDO ourselves forwhich we currently have no infrastructure, or alternatively enter into a new agreement with another pharmaceutical company, of which no assurance can be given.Our ability to commercialize OXAYDO on our own may require additional financing, which may not be available on acceptable terms, or at all. 33 The market may not be receptive to products incorporating our AVERSION, IMPEDE or LIMITX Technologies . The commercial success of our products will depend on acceptance by health care providers and others that such products are clinically useful, cost-effective andsafe. There can be no assurance given that our products utilizing the AVERSION, IMPEDE or LIMITX Technologies would be accepted by health care providersand others. Factors that may materially affect market acceptance of our product candidates include but are not limited to: ·the relative advantages and disadvantages of our products compared to competitive products;·the relative timing to commercial launch of our products compared to competitive products;·the relative safety and efficacy of our products compared to competitive products;·the product labeling approved by the FDA for our products;·the perception of health care providers of their role in helping to prevent abuse and their willingness to prescribe abuse-deterrent products to do so;·the willingness of third party payers to reimburse for our prescription products;·the willingness of pharmacy chains to stock our products;·the willingness of pharmacists to recommend our NEXAFED products to their customers; and·the willingness of consumers to pay for our products. OXAYDO and our product candidates, if successfully developed and commercially launched, will compete with both currently marketed and new productslaunched in the future by other companies. Health care providers may not accept or utilize any of our products. Physicians and other prescribers may not beinclined to prescribe our prescription products unless our products demonstrate commercially viable advantages over other products currently marketed for thesame indications. Pharmacy chains may not be willing to stock any of our products and pharmacists may not recommend NEXAFED products to consumers.Further, consumers may not be willing to purchase our products. If our products do not achieve market acceptance, we may not be able to generate significantrevenues or become profitable. If we, our licensees or others identify serious adverse events or deaths relating to any of our products once on the market, we may be required to withdrawour products from the market, which would hinder or preclude our ability to generate revenues. We or our licensees are required to report to relevant regulatory authorities all serious adverse events or deaths involving our product candidates or approvedproducts. If we, our licensees, or others identify such events, regulatory authorities may withdraw their approvals of such products; we or our licensees may berequired to reformulate our products; we or our licensees may have to recall the affected products from the market and may not be able to reintroduce them ontothe market; our reputation in the marketplace may suffer; and we may become the target of lawsuits, including class actions suits. Any of these events could harmor prevent sales of the affected products and could materially adversely affect our business and financial condition. Our revenues may be adversely affected if we fail to obtain insurance coverage or adequate reimbursement for our products from third-party payers. The ability of our licensees to successfully commercialize our products may depend in part on the availability of reimbursement for our prescription products fromgovernment health administration authorities, private health insurers, and other third-party payers and administrators, including Medicaid and Medicare. We cannotpredict the availability of reimbursement for newly-approved products utilizing our AVERSION, IMPEDE or LIMITX Technologies. Third-party payers andadministrators, including state Medicaid programs and Medicare, are challenging the prices charged for pharmaceutical products. Government and other third-partypayers increasingly are limiting both coverage and the level of reimbursement for new drugs. Third-party insurance coverage may not be available to patients forany of our products candidates. The continuing efforts of government and third-party payers to contain or reduce the costs of health care may limit our commercialopportunity. If government and other third-party payers do not provide adequate coverage and reimbursement for any product utilizing our technologies, healthcare providers may not prescribe them or patients may ask their health care providers to prescribe competing products with more favorable reimbursement. In someforeign markets, pricing and profitability of pharmaceutical products are subject to government control. In the United States, we expect there may be federal andstate proposals for similar controls. In addition, we expect that increasing emphasis on managed care in the United States will continue to put pressure on thepricing of pharmaceutical products. Cost control initiatives could decrease the price that we or our licensees charge for any of our products in the future. Further,cost control initiatives could impair our ability or the ability of our licensees to commercialize our products and our ability to earn revenues fromcommercialization. 34 In both the United States and certain foreign jurisdictions, there have been and we expect there will continue to be a number of legislative and regulatory changesto the health care system that could impact our or our licensees’ ability to sell our products profitably. In particular, in 2010, the Patient Protection Affordable CareAct, as amended by the Health Care and Education Reconciliation Act, collectively, the Healthcare Reform Law, was enacted. The Healthcare Reform Lawsubstantially changes the way healthcare is financed by both governmental and private insurers and significantly affects the pharmaceutical industry. Among theprovisions of the Healthcare Reform Law of greatest importance to the pharmaceutical industry are the following: ·An annual, nondeductible fee on any entity that manufactures or imports certain branded prescription drugs and biologic agents; ·An increase in the minimum rebates a manufacturer must pay under the Medicaid Drug Rebate Program; ·A new Medicare Part D coverage gap discount program, under which manufacturers must agree to offer 50 percent point-of-sale discounts off negotiatedprices of applicable brand drugs to eligible beneficiaries during their coverage gap period, as a condition for the manufacturer’s outpatient drugs to becovered under Medicare Part D; ·Extension of manufacturer’s Medicaid rebate liability to covered drugs dispensed to individuals who are enrolled in Medicaid managed care organizations; ·A new Patient-Centered Outcomes Research Institute to oversee, identify priorities in, and conduct comparative clinical effectiveness research; ·A revision to the definition of “average manufacturer price” for reporting purposes; and ·Encouragement for the development of comparative effectiveness research, which may reduce the extent of reimbursement for our products if such researchresults in any adverse findings. At this time, it remains uncertain what the full impact of these provisions will be on the pharmaceutical industry generally or our business in particular. The fulleffects of these provisions will become apparent as these laws are implemented and the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services and other agencies issueapplicable regulations or guidance as required by the Healthcare Reform Law. Moreover, in the coming years, additional changes could be made to governmentalhealthcare programs that could significantly impact the success of our products. If we are unable to establish sales and marketing capabilities for our products that are not licensed to third parties, our revenues and our business willsuffer. We do not currently have an extensive organization for the sales, marketing and distribution of pharmaceutical products and the cost of establishing andmaintaining such an organization may exceed the cost-effectiveness of doing so. If we do not license the commercialization of a product, we may have to build oursales, marketing, managerial and other non-technical capabilities or make arrangements with third parties to perform these services. If we are unable to establish orfund adequate sales, marketing and distribution capabilities, whether independently or with third parties, it will impair our ability to sell products and have amaterial adverse effect on our operations. 35 Consolidation in the healthcare industry could lead to demands for price concessions or for the exclusion of some suppliers from certain of our markets,which could have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition or results of operations. Because healthcare costs have risen significantly, numerous initiatives and reforms by legislatures, regulators and third-party payers to curb these cost increaseshave resulted in a trend in the healthcare industry to consolidate product suppliers and purchasers. As the healthcare industry consolidates, competition amongsuppliers to provide products to purchasers has become more intense. This in turn has resulted, and will likely continue to result, in greater pricing pressures andthe exclusion of certain suppliers from important market segments as group purchasing organizations, and large single accounts continue to use their market powerto influence product pricing and purchasing decisions. We expect that market demand, government regulation, third-party reimbursement policies and societalpressures will continue to influence the worldwide healthcare industry, resulting in further business consolidations, which may exert further downward pressure onthe prices of our anticipated products. This downward pricing pressure may adversely impact our business, financial condition or results of operations. Under theEgalet Agreement, Egalet controls the price of OXAYDO, and we expect that our licensees, if any, of our products in development, will control the price of suchproducts and may provide price discounts and price reductions in its discretion. Such price discounts and reductions will reduce the net sales of our licensedproducts and, correspondingly, our royalty payments under such license agreements. In addition, if any of our large customers is acquired or merged with anotherprovider of similar products, we may lose that customer’s business. For example, for the year ended December 31, 2015 Rite Aid accounted for approximately54% of our Nexafed revenue. Walgreens is not currently a customer of Nexafed and is in the process of acquiring Rite Aid. Following Walgreens’ acquisition ofRite Aid, it is possible that we could lose the Nexafed revenue derived from Rite Aid unless Walgreens elects to purchase Nexafed. Our success depends on our ability to protect our intellectual property. Our success depends on our ability to obtain and maintain patent protection for products developed utilizing our technologies, in the United States and in othercountries, and to enforce these patents. The patent positions of pharmaceutical firms, including us, are generally uncertain and involve complex legal and factualquestions. Notwithstanding our receipt of U.S. patents covering our AVERSION, IMPEDE and LIMITX Technologies, there is no assurance that any of our patentclaims in our other pending non-provisional and provisional patent applications relating to our technologies will issue or if issued, that any of our existing andfuture patent claims will be held valid and enforceable against third-party infringement or that our products will not infringe any third-party patent or intellectualproperty. Moreover, any patent claims relating to our technologies may not be sufficiently broad to protect our products. In addition, issued patent claims may bechallenged, potentially invalidated or potentially circumvented. Our patent claims may not afford us protection against competitors with similar technology orpermit the commercialization of our products without infringing third-party patents or other intellectual property rights. Our success also depends on our not infringing patents issued to others. We may become aware of patents belonging to competitors and others that could require usto obtain licenses to such patents or alter our technologies. Obtaining such licenses or altering our technology could be time consuming and costly. We may not beable to obtain a license to any technology owned by or licensed to a third party that we or our licensees require to manufacture or market one or more of ourproducts. Even if we can obtain a license, the financial and other terms may be disadvantageous. Our success also depends on maintaining the confidentiality of our trade secrets and know-how. We seek to protect such information by entering intoconfidentiality agreements with employees, potential licensees, raw material suppliers, contract research organizations, contract manufacturers, consultants andother parties. These agreements may be breached by such parties. We may not be able to obtain an adequate, or perhaps any, remedy to such a breach. In addition,our trade secrets may otherwise become known or be independently developed by our competitors. Our inability to protect our intellectual property or tocommercialize our products without infringing third-party patents or other intellectual property rights would have a material adverse effect on our operations andfinancial condition. We also rely on or intend to rely on our or our licensees’ trademarks, trade names and brand names to distinguish our products from the products of ourcompetitors, and have registered or applied to register many of these trademarks. However, our trademark applications may not be approved. Third parties mayalso oppose our or our licensees’ trademark applications or otherwise challenge our use of the trademarks. In the event that our or our licensees’ trademarks aresuccessfully challenged, we or our licensees could be forced to rebrand our product, which could result in loss of brand recognition and could require us or ourlicensees to devote resources to advertising and marketing these new brands. Further, our competitors may infringe our trademarks, or we may not have adequateresources to enforce our trademarks. 36 We may become involved in patent litigation or other intellectual property proceedings relating to our AVERSION, IMPEDE or LIMITX Technologies orproduct candidates, which could result in liability for damages or delay or stop our development and commercialization efforts. The pharmaceutical industry has been characterized by significant litigation and other proceedings regarding patents, patent applications and other intellectualproperty rights. The situations in which we may become parties to such litigation or proceedings may include: ·litigation or other proceedings we or our licensee(s) may initiate against third parties to enforce our patent rights or other intellectual property rights,including the Paragraph IV Proceedings described below;·litigation or other proceedings we or our licensee(s) may initiate against third parties seeking to invalidate the patents held by such third parties or toobtain a judgment that our products do not infringe such third parties’ patents;·litigation or other proceedings third parties may initiate against us or our licensee(s) to seek to invalidate our patents or to obtain a judgment that thirdparty products do not infringe our patents;·if our competitors file patent applications that claim technology also claimed by us, we may be forced to participate in interference, inter partes oropposition proceedings to determine the priority of invention and whether we are entitled to patent rights on such invention; and·if third parties initiate litigation claiming that our products infringe their patent or other intellectual property rights, we will need to defend againstsuch proceedings. The costs of resolving any patent litigation, including the Paragraph IV Proceedings, or other intellectual property proceeding, even if resolved in our favor, couldbe substantial. Many of our potential competitors will be able to sustain the cost of such litigation and proceedings more effectively than we can because of theirsubstantially greater resources. Uncertainties resulting from the initiation and continuation of patent litigation or other intellectual property proceedings could havea material adverse effect on our ability to compete in the marketplace. Patent litigation, including the Paragraph IV Proceedings, and other intellectual propertyproceedings may also consume significant management time. In the event that a competitor infringes upon our patent or other intellectual property rights, enforcing those rights may be costly, difficult and time consuming.Even if successful, litigation to enforce our intellectual property rights or to defend our patents against challenge could be expensive and time-consuming and coulddivert our management’s attention. We may not have sufficient resources to enforce our intellectual property rights or to defend our patent or other intellectualproperty rights against a challenge. If we are unsuccessful in enforcing and protecting our intellectual property rights and protecting our products, it could harm ourbusiness. In certain circumstances, we expect that our licensees will have first right to control the enforcement of certain of our patents against third partyinfringers. Our licensees may not put adequate resources or effort into such enforcement actions or otherwise fail to restrain infringing products. In addition, in aninfringement proceeding, including the Paragraph IV Proceedings, a court may decide that a patent of ours is invalid or is unenforceable, or may refuse to stop theother party from using the technology at issue on the grounds that our patents do not cover the technology in question. An adverse result in any litigation, includingthe Paragraph IV Proceedings, or defense proceedings could put one or more of our patents at risk of being invalidated or interpreted narrowly and could put ourpatent applications at risk of not issuing. Our technologies or products may be found to infringe claims of patents owned by others. If we determine that we are, or if we are found to be infringing a patentheld by another party, we, our suppliers or our licensees might have to seek a license to make, use, and sell the patented technologies and products. In that case, we,our suppliers or our licensees might not be able to obtain such license on acceptable terms, or at all. The failure to obtain a license to any third party technologythat may be required would materially harm our business, financial condition and results of operations. If a legal action is brought against us or our licensee(s), wecould incur substantial defense costs, and any such action might not be resolved in our favor. If such a dispute is resolved against us, we may have to pay the otherparty large sums of money and use of our technology and the testing, manufacturing, marketing or sale of one or more of our products could be restricted orprohibited. Even prior to resolution of such a dispute, use of our technology and the testing, manufacturing, marketing or sale of one or more of our products couldbe restricted or prohibited. 37 We are aware of certain United States and international pending patent applications owned by third parties with claims potentially encompassing OXAYDO andour other products. If such patent applications result in valid and enforceable issued patents, containing claims in their current form or otherwise encompassing ourproducts we or our licensees may be required to obtain a license to such patents, should one be available, or alternatively, alter our products so as to avoidinfringing such third-party patents. If we or our licensees are unable to obtain a license on commercially reasonable terms, or at all, we or our licensees could berestricted or prevented from commercializing our products. Additionally, any alterations to our products or our technologies could be time consuming and costlyand may not result in technologies or products that are non-infringing or commercially viable. We are aware of an issued United States patent owned by a third party having claims encompassing the use of one of our AVERSION inactive ingredients. We arealso aware of an issued United States patent owned by a third party having claims encompassing a pharmaceutical preparation containing viscosity producingingredients that can be drawn into a syringe when dissolved in 10mL’s or less of aqueous solution. While we believe that our AVERSION products do not infringethese patents, or that such patents are otherwise invalid, there can be no assurance that we or our licensees will not be sued for infringing these patents, and if sued,there can be no assurance that we or our licensees will prevail in any such litigation. If we or our licensees are found to infringe either or both of these patents, weor our licensees may seek a license to use the patented technology. If we are unable to obtain such a license, of which no assurance can be given, we or ourlicensees may be restricted or prevented from commercializing our AVERSION products. We are aware of certain issued United States patents owned by a third party having claims encompassing a process used to manufacture oxycodone HCl of highpurity and pharmaceutical products resulting therefrom. As required by the FDA, OXAYDO contains a similar high purity oxycodone HCl manufactured by asupplier that is not the owner or licensee of such patents. The owner of these patents has filed patent infringement actions relating to these patents againstcompanies that have filed abbreviated new drug applications with the FDA for extended-release versions of oxycodone HCl. To our knowledge, the patent ownerhas not initiated any patent infringement actions against the sellers of immediate-release oxycodone HCl products or their suppliers of oxycodone HCl, however,we cannot be certain that these immediate-release products actually utilize a high purity oxycodone. We cannot provide assurance that our licensee or itsoxycodone HCl supplier will not be sued for infringing these patents. In the event of an infringement action, our licensee and their oxycodone HCl supplier wouldhave to either: (a) demonstrate that the manufacture of the oxycodone HCl used in OXAYDO does not infringe the patent claims, (b) demonstrate the patents areinvalid or unenforceable, or (c) enter into a license with the patent owner. If our licensee or their oxycodone HCl supplier is unable to demonstrate the foregoing, orobtain a license to these patients, our licensee may be required or choose to withdraw OXAYDO from the market. We are aware of a certain issued United States patent owned by a third party having claims similar to our second generation IMPEDE Technology directed toingredient amounts that are generally more than the amounts used in our technology. While we believe our technology does not infringe this patent, we cannotprovide assurance that we will not be sued under such patent or if sued, that we will prevail in any such suit. In April, 2015, Purdue Pharma L.P., Purdue Pharmaceuticals L.P. and The P.F. Laboratories, Inc. (collectively, “Purdue”) commenced a patent infringementlawsuit against us and our OXAYDO product licensee Egalet US, Inc. and its parent Egalet Corporation in the United States District Court for the District ofDelaware alleging our OXAYDO product infringes Purdue’s U.S. Patent No. 8,389,007. The complaint seeks injunctive relief as well as awards of damages andattorneys’ fees. In January 2016, the District Court issued a claim construction order in the patent infringement action. The order stated that the termpolyvinylpyrrolidone as that term is defined in the claims of the Purdue patent covers all polymeric forms of vinylpyrrolidone, including crospovidone used inOXAYDO. We deny the allegations in the complaint, believe they are without merit and are defending the action vigorously. As is the case with patent litigation,there is a risk that the Court may enjoin the making, using, selling and offering for sale OXAYDO and/or may find that OXAYDO infringes the 007 patent. As anypotential loss is neither probable nor estimable, we have not accrued for any potential loss related to these matters as of December 31, 2015. 38 We cannot assure you that our technologies, products and/or actions in developing our products will not infringe third-party patents. Our failure to avoid infringingthird-party patents and intellectual property rights in the development and commercialization of our products would have a material adverse effect on ouroperations and financial condition. Generic manufacturers are using litigation and regulatory means to seek approval for generic versions of OXAYDO, which could cause Egalet’s sales tosuffer and adversely impact our royalty revenue. Under the Hatch-Waxman Act, the FDA can approve an ANDA for a generic version of a branded drug and what is referred to as a Section 505(b)(2) NDA, for abranded variation of an existing branded drug, without requiring such applicant to undertake the full clinical testing necessary to obtain approval to market a newdrug. An ANDA applicant usually needs to only submit data demonstrating that its product has the same active ingredient(s) and is bioequivalent to the brandedproduct, in addition to any data necessary to establish that any difference in strength, dosage form, inactive ingredients, or delivery mechanism does not result indifferent safety or efficacy profiles, as compared to the reference drug. The Hatch-Waxman Act requires an applicant for a drug that references one of our branded drugs to notify us of their application if they assert in their applicationthat the patents we have listed in the Orange Book will not be infringed or otherwise are invalid or unenforceable (a Paragraph IV Certification). Upon receipt ofthis notice, we or our licensee will have 45 days to bring a patent infringement suit in federal district court against such applicant. If such a suit is commenced, theFDA is generally prohibited from granting approval of the ANDA or Section 505(b)(2) NDA until the earliest of 30 months from the date the FDA accepted theapplication for filing, the conclusion of litigation in the generic’s favor or expiration of the patent(s). If the litigation is resolved in favor of the applicant or thechallenged patent expires during the 30-month stay period, the stay is lifted and the FDA may thereafter approve the application based on the standards forapproval of ANDAs and Section 505(b)(2) NDAs. Frequently, the unpredictable nature and significant costs of patent litigation leads the parties to settle to removethis uncertainty. Settlement agreements between branded companies and generic applicants may allow, among other things, a generic product to enter the marketprior to the expiration of any or all of the applicable patents covering the branded product, either through the introduction of an authorized generic or by providinga license to the applicant for the patents subject to the litigation. On September 20, 2012, we announced that we had received a Paragraph IV Certification Notice under 21 U.S.C. 355(j) (a Paragraph IV Notice) from a genericsponsor of an ANDA for a generic drug listing OXAYDO (formerly known as OXECTA) as the reference listed drug. Since such date, we have received similarParagraph IV Notices from four other generic pharmaceutical companies that have filed ANDAs listing OXAYDO as the reference drug. The Paragraph IVNotices refer to our U.S. Patent Numbers 7,201,920, 7,510,726 and 7,981,439, which cover our AVERSION Technology and OXAYDO. The Paragraph IVNotices state that each generic sponsor believes that such patents are invalid, unenforceable or not infringed. On October 31, 2012, we initiated suit against each ofWatson Laboratories, Inc. – Florida (Watson), Par Pharmaceutical, Inc., Impax Laboratories, Inc. and Sandoz Inc., and on April 29, 2013, we initiated suit againstRanbaxy, Inc., each in the United States District Court for the District of Delaware alleging infringement of our U.S. Patent No. 7,510,726 listed in the FDA’sOrange Book. The commencement of such litigation prohibits the FDA from granting approval of the filed ANDAs until the earliest of 30 months from the date theFDA accepted the application for filing, or the conclusion of litigation. In January 2013, we dismissed our suit against Watson on the grounds that Watson hadamended its ANDA from a Paragraph IV Certification to a Paragraph III Certification, which indicated its intent not to market its generic OXAYDO product inadvance of our patent expiring. On October 9, 2013, we announced that we had entered into distinct Settlement Agreements with each of Par and Impax, to settle our patent infringement actionpending against them in the United States District Court for the District of Delaware. In the suit, we alleged that a generic OXAYDO product for which each of Parand Impax is separately seeking approval to market in the United States pursuant to an ANDA filing with the FDA infringes a U.S. patent owned by us. Par is thefirst filer of an ANDA for a generic OXAYDO product and is entitled to the 180-day first filer exclusivity under applicable law and FDA regulations. 39 Under the terms of the Settlement Agreement with Par, Par may launch its generic OXAYDO product in the U.S., through the grant of a non-exclusive, royalty-bearing license from us that would trigger on January 1, 2022. We currently have Orange Book patents that are due to expire between November 2023 and March2025. In certain limited circumstances, our license to Par would become effective prior to January 1, 2022. Par is required to pay us royalties in the range of 10% to15% of Par’s net profits from the sale of its generic OXAYDO product. Under the Settlement Agreement with Impax, Impax may launch its generic OXAYDO product in the U.S., through the grant of a non-exclusive, royalty-freelicense from us that would trigger 180 days following the first sale of a generic OXAYDO product in the U.S. by an entity that is entitled to the 180 day first-filerexclusivity under applicable law and FDA regulations (or if no entity is entitled to such 180 day exclusivity period, the date on which a generic OXAYDO productis first sold in the U.S. or November 27, 2021, whichever date occurs first). In certain circumstances, our license to Impax would become effective prior to suchtime. On May 8, 2014, we announced that we had entered into a Settlement Agreement with Ranbaxy Inc. to settle our patent infringement action pending in the UnitedStates District Court for the District of Delaware. In the suit, we alleged that a generic of our OXAYDO product for which Ranbaxy is seeking approval to marketin the United States pursuant to an ANDA filed with the FDA infringes U.S. patents owned by us. The Settlement Agreement provides that Ranbaxy’s currentgeneric of our OXAYDO product that is the subject of its ANDA filing does not infringe our Orange Book listed patents with the FDA. We have not providedRanbaxy a license to our patents and we may re-commence patent infringement litigation against Ranbaxy if Ranbaxy changes the formulation of its currentgeneric OXAYDO product. On May 21, 2014, we announced that we had entered into a Settlement Agreement with Sandoz Inc. to settle our patent infringement action pending againstSandoz in the United States District Court for the District of Delaware. In the suit, we alleged that a generic of our OXAYDO product for which Sandoz is seekingapproval to market in the United States pursuant to an ANDA filed with the FDA infringes a U.S. patent owned by us. Under the Settlement Agreement, Sandozmay launch its generic to the OXAYDO product in the U.S., through the grant of a non-exclusive license from us that would trigger 180 days following the firstsale of a generic to the OXAYDO product in the U.S. by an entity that is entitled to the 180 day first-filer exclusivity under applicable law and FDA regulations (orif no entity is entitled to such 180 day exclusivity period, the date on which a generic to the OXAYDO product is first sold in the U.S). In certain circumstances,our license to Sandoz would become effective prior to such time. Sandoz is not obligated to pay us a royalty if its current formulation of its generic to theOXAYDO product is approved by the FDA. In the event Sandoz changes or modifies the structure of its generic OXAYDO product, or materially changes ormodifies the amounts or type of any excipient used in the Sandoz formulation disclosed in its ANDA filing with the FDA as of July 30, 2013, Sandoz is required topay us a royalty based upon the Net Profits (as defined in the Settlement Agreement) derived from the net sales of such changed or modified Sandoz genericOXAYDO product in the United States. It is possible that other generic manufacturers may also seek to launch a generic version of OXAYDO and challenge our patents. Any determination in any suchinfringement actions that our patents covering our Aversion Technology and OXAYDO are invalid or unenforceable, in whole or in part, or that the productscovered by generic sponsors’ ANDAs do not infringe our patents could have a material adverse effect on our operations and financial condition. We may be exposed to product liability claims and may not be able to obtain or maintain adequate product liability insurance. Our business exposes us to potential product liability risks, which are inherent in the testing, manufacturing, marketing and sale of pharmaceutical products.Product liability claims might be made by patients, health care providers or others that sell or consume our products. These claims may be made even with respectto those products that possess regulatory approval for commercial sale. We are currently covered by clinical trial product liability insurance on a claims-made basisand for product liability insurance covering our sale and distribution of our NEXAFED products. This coverage may not be adequate to cover any product liabilityclaims. Product liability coverage is expensive. In the future, we may not be able to maintain such product liability insurance at a reasonable cost or in sufficientamounts to protect us against losses due to product liability claims. Any claims that are not covered by product liability insurance could have a material adverseeffect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. 40 The pharmaceutical industry is characterized by frequent litigation. Those companies with significant financial resources will be better able to bring and defendany such litigation. No assurance can be given that we would not become involved in future litigation, in addition to the ongoing Reglan/Metoclopramide mass tortlitigation discussed in “Item 3. Legal Proceedings – Reglan/Metoclopramide Litigation” of this Report. Such litigation may have material adverse consequences toour financial condition and results of operations. We face significant competition, which may result in others developing or commercializing products before or more successfully than we do. Our products and technologies compete to varying degrees against both brand and generic products offering similar therapeutic benefits and being developed andmarketed by small and large pharmaceutical (for prescription products) and consumer packaged goods (for OTC products) companies. Many of our competitorshave substantially greater financial and other resources and are able to expend more funds and effort than us in research, development and commercialization oftheir competitive technologies and products. Prescription generic products and OTC store brand products will offer cost savings to third party payers and/orconsumers that will create pricing pressure on our products. Also, these competitors may have a substantial sales volume advantage over our products, which mayresult in our costs of manufacturing being higher than our competitors’ costs. If our products are unable to capture and maintain market share, we or our licenseesmay not achieve significant product revenues and our financial condition and results of operations will be materially adversely affected. We believe potential competitors may be developing opioid abuse deterrent technologies and products. Such potential competitors include, but may not be limitedto, Pain Therapeutics, Pfizer Inc., Purdue Pharma, Atlantic Pharmaceuticals, Egalet Corporation, KemPharm, Shionogi, Nektar Therapeutics, SignatureTherapeutics, QRx Pharma, Tris Pharma, Pisgah Labs, Teva Pharmaceuticals, Sun Pharmaceuticals and Collegium Pharmaceuticals, Inc. These companies appearto be focusing their development efforts on ER Opioid Products, except for Atlantic Pharmaceuticals, Pisgah Labs, and KemPharm. Our IMPEDE Technology products containing PSE, including our NEXAFED products, will compete in the highly competitive market for cold, sinus and allergyproducts generally available to the consumer without a prescription. Some of our competitors will have multiple consumer product offerings both within andoutside the cold, allergy and sinus category providing them with substantial leverage in dealing with a highly consolidated pharmacy distribution network. Thecompeting products may have well established brand names and may be supported by national or regional advertising. Our NEXAFED products compete directlywith Johnson & Johnson’s Sudafed® brand as well as generic formulations manufactured by Perrigo Company and others. In addition, Highland Pharmaceuticalsis commercializing a PSE product that is stated to resist PSE extraction in aqueous solutions. We are concentrating a substantial majority of our efforts and resources on developing product candidates utilizing our LIMITX and IMPEDE Technologies. Thecommercial success of products utilizing such technologies will depend, in large part, on the intensity of competition, FDA approved product labeling for ourproducts compared to competitive products, and the relative timing and sequence for commercial launch of new products by other companies developing,marketing, selling and distributing products that compete with the products utilizing our LIMITX and IMPEDE Technologies. Alternative technologies and non-opioid products are being developed to improve or replace the use of opioid analgesics. In the event that such alternatives to opioid analgesics are widely adopted,then the market for products utilizing our LIMITX and IMPEDE Technologies may be substantially decreased, thus reducing our ability to generate futurerevenues and adversely affecting our ability to generate a profit. 41 If we fail to comply with the covenants and other obligations under our term loan, the lender may be able to accelerate amounts owed under the facilityand may foreclose upon the assets securing our obligations. In December 2013, we (including our wholly-owned subsidiary Acura Pharmaceutical Technologies, Inc. (“APT”)) entered into a loan and security agreement withOxford Finance LLC (“Oxford”) pursuant to which we borrowed $10 million from Oxford. Our loan and security agreement with Oxford was amended on January7, 2015 in connection with our collaboration and license agreement with Egalet. Under the Oxford loan agreement, as amended, we are subject to a variety ofaffirmative and negative covenants, including required financial reporting, limitations on certain dispositions and licensing of assets, limitations on the incurrenceof additional debt, the requirement to maintain at least $2.5 million in cash reserves until the principal amount of the Oxford loan is reduced below $5.0 million,and other requirements. To secure our performance of our obligations under this loan and security agreement, we granted Oxford a security interest in substantiallyall of our assets, other than intellectual property assets, and pledged to Oxford the stock of APT. Our failure to comply with the terms of the loan and securityagreement, the occurrence of a material adverse change in our business, operations or condition (financial or otherwise) or prospects, the material impairment inour prospect of repayment, a material impairment in the perfection or priority of the Oxford’s lien on our assets or the value of Oxford’s collateral, or theoccurrence of certain other specified events could result in an event of default that, if not cured or waived, could result in the acceleration of all or a substantialportion of our loan, coupled with prepayment penalties, an additional interest payment of $795,000, potential foreclosure on our assets, and other adverse results. Key personnel are critical to our business and our success depends on our ability to retain them. We are dependent on our management and scientific team, including Robert Jones, our President and Chief Executive Officer, Peter A. Clemens, our ChiefFinancial Officer, and Albert W. Brzeczko, Ph.D., our Vice President of Technical Affairs. We may not be able to attract and retain personnel on acceptable termsgiven the competition for such personnel among biotechnology, pharmaceutical and healthcare companies, universities and non-profit research institutions. Whilewe have employment agreements with our CEO and CFO, all of our employees are at-will employees who may terminate their employment at any time. We do nothave key personnel insurance on any of our officers or employees. The loss of any of our key personnel, or the inability to attract and retain such personnel, maysignificantly delay or prevent the achievement of our product and technology development and business objectives and could materially adversely affect ourbusiness, financial condition and results of operations. Our products are subject to regulation by the U.S. Drug Enforcement Administration, or DEA, and such regulation may affect the development and sale ofour products . The DEA regulates certain finished drug products and active pharmaceutical ingredients, including certain opioid active pharmaceutical ingredients andpseudoephedrine HCl that are contained in our products. Consequently, their manufacture, research, shipment, storage, sale and use are subject to a high degree ofregulation. Furthermore, the amount of active ingredients we can obtain for our clinical trials is limited by the DEA and our quota may not be sufficient tocomplete clinical trials. There is a risk that DEA regulations may interfere with the supply of the products used in our clinical trials. In addition, we and our licensees and contract manufacturers are subject to ongoing DEA regulatory obligations, including, among other things, annual registrationrenewal, security, recordkeeping, theft and loss reporting, periodic inspection and annual quota allotments for the raw material for commercial production of ourproducts. The DEA, and some states, conduct periodic inspections of registered establishments that handle controlled substances. Facilities that conduct research,manufacture, store, distribute, import or export controlled substances must be registered to perform these activities and have the security, control and inventorymechanisms required by the DEA to prevent drug loss and diversion. Failure to maintain compliance, particularly non-compliance resulting in loss or diversion,can result in regulatory action that could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations, financial condition and prospects. The DEA may seekcivil penalties, refuse to renew necessary registrations, or initiate proceedings to revoke those registrations. In certain circumstances, violations could lead tocriminal proceedings. Individual states also have controlled substances laws. Though state controlled substances laws often mirror federal law, because the states are separatejurisdictions, they may separately schedule drugs, as well. While some states automatically schedule a drug when the DEA does so, in other states there has to be arulemaking or a legislative action. State scheduling may delay commercial sale of any controlled substance drug product for which we obtain FDA approval andadverse scheduling could have a material adverse effect on the attractiveness of such product. We or our licensees must also obtain separate state registrations inorder to be able to obtain, handle, and distribute controlled substances for clinical trials or commercial sale, and failure to meet applicable regulatory requirementscould lead to enforcement and sanctions from the states in addition to those from the DEA or otherwise arising under federal law. 42 We are increasingly dependent on information technology and our systems and infrastructure face certain risks, including cybersecurity and data storagerisks. Significant disruptions to our information technology systems or breaches of information security could adversely affect our business. In the ordinary course ofbusiness, we collect, store and transmit confidential information, and it is critical that we do so in a secure manner in order to maintain the confidentiality andintegrity of such confidential information. Our information technology systems are potentially vulnerable to service interruptions and security breaches frominadvertent or intentional actions by our employees, partners, vendors, or from attacks by malicious third parties. Maintaining the secrecy of this confidential,proprietary, and/or trade secret information is important to our competitive business position. While we have taken steps to protect such information and investedin information technology, there can be no assurance that our efforts will prevent service interruptions or security breaches in our systems or the unauthorized orinadvertent wrongful access or disclosure of confidential information that could adversely affect our business operations or result in the loss, dissemination, ormisuse of critical or sensitive information. A breach of our security measures or the accidental loss, inadvertent disclosure, unapproved dissemination ormisappropriation or misuse of trade secrets, proprietary information, or other confidential information, whether as a result of theft, hacking, or other forms ofdeception, or for any other cause, could enable others to produce competing products, use our proprietary technology and/or adversely affect our business position.Further, any such interruption, security breach, loss or disclosure of confidential information could result in financial, legal, business, and reputational harm to usand could have a material effect on our business, financial position, results of operations and/or cash flow. Prior ownership changes limit our ability to use our tax net operating loss carryforwards. Significant equity restructuring often results in an Internal Revenue Section 382 ownership change that limits the future use of Net Operating Loss, or NOL,carryforwards and other tax attributes. We have determined that an ownership change (as defined by Section 382 of the Internal Revenue Code) did occur as aresult of restructuring that occurred in 2004. Neither the amount of our NOL carryforwards nor the amount of limitation of such carryforwards claimed by us havebeen audited or otherwise validated by the Internal Revenue Service, which could challenge the amount we have calculated. The recognition and measurement ofour tax benefit includes estimates and judgment by our management, which includes subjectivity. Changes in estimates may create volatility in our tax rate infuture periods based on new information about particular tax positions that may cause management to change its estimates. Risks Relating to our Common Stock Our quarterly results of operations will fluctuate, and these fluctuations could cause our stock price to decline. Our quarterly and annual operating results are likely to fluctuate in the future. These fluctuations could cause our stock price to decline. The nature of our businessinvolves variable factors, such as the timing of any license agreement, the timing of launch and market acceptance of our products, and the timing of the research,development and regulatory submissions of our products in development that could cause our operating results to fluctuate. The forecasting of the timing andamount of sales of our products is difficult due to market uncertainty and the uncertainty inherent in seeking FDA and other necessary approvals for our productcandidates. As a result, in some future quarters or years, our clinical, financial or operating results may not meet the expectations of securities analysts andinvestors, which could result in a decline in the price of our stock. 43 Our stock price has been and may continue to be volatile, and the value of an investment in our common stock may decline. During the year ended December 31, 2015, our stock traded as high as $6.75 per share and as low as $1.62 per share. The trading price of our common stock islikely to continue to be highly volatile and could be subject to wide fluctuations in response to various factors, some of which are beyond our control. These factorscould include: ·results from our pre-clinical and clinical development programs, including the data from our ongoing Phase 1 clinical trial evaluating our LIMITXhydromorphone HC1 product candidate;·FDA actions related to our products in development;·FDA actions related to any of our potential products;·announcements regarding the sales of OXAYDO;·announcements regarding the progress of sales of OXAYDO;·announcements regarding the progress of our preclinical and clinical programs;·our success in the commercialization of our NEXAFED products;·announcements regarding the sales of our NEXAFED products;·announcements regarding the execution of license agreements with third parties for our products or product candidates;·failure of any of our products in development, if approved, to achieve commercial success;·quarterly variations in our results of operations or those of our competitors;·our ability to develop and market new and enhanced products on a timely basis;·announcements by us or our competitors of acquisitions, regulatory approvals, clinical milestones, new products, significant contracts, commercialrelationships or capital commitments;·third-party coverage and reimbursement policies;·additions or departures of key personnel;·commencement of, or our involvement in, litigation;·the inability of our contract manufacturers to provide us with adequate commercial supplies of our products;·changes in governmental regulations or in the status of our regulatory approvals;·changes in earnings estimates or recommendations by securities analysts;·any major change in our board or management;·general economic conditions and slow or negative growth of our market; and·political instability, natural disasters, war and/or events of terrorism. From time to time, we estimate the timing of the accomplishment of various scientific, clinical, regulatory and other product development goals or milestones.These milestones may include the commencement or completion of scientific studies and clinical trials and the submission of regulatory filings. Also, from time totime, we expect that we will publicly announce the anticipated timing of some of these milestones. All of these milestones are based on a variety of assumptions.The actual timing of these milestones can vary dramatically compared to our estimates, in some cases for reasons beyond our control. If we do not meet thesemilestones as publicly announced, our stock price may decline and the commercialization of our products and potential products may be delayed. In addition, the stock market has experienced extreme price and volume fluctuations that have often been unrelated or disproportionate to the operatingperformance of publicly traded companies. Broad market and industry factors may seriously affect the market price of companies’ stock, including ours, regardlessof actual operating performance. These fluctuations may be even more pronounced in the trading market for our stock. In addition, in the past, following periods ofvolatility in the overall market and the market price of a particular company’s securities, securities class action litigation has often been instituted against thesecompanies. This litigation, if instituted against us, could result in substantial costs and a diversion of our management’s attention and resources. We do not have a history of paying dividends on our common stock. Historically, we have not declared and paid any cash dividends on our common stock. In addition, our Loan and Security Agreement with Oxford Finance LLCrestricts our ability to pay dividends during the term of such Agreement. We intend to retain all of our earnings for the foreseeable future to finance the operationand expansion of our business. As a result, you may only receive a return on your investment in our common stock if the market price of our common stockincreases. 44 Any future sale of a substantial number of shares included in our current registration statement could depress the trading price of our stock, lower ourvalue and make it more difficult for us to raise capital. In order to raise additional capital, we may in the future offer additional shares of our common stock or other securities convertible into or exchangeable for ourcommon stock at prices that may not be the same as the then current trading price of our common stock. The price per share at which we sell additional shares ofour common stock, or securities convertible or exchangeable into common stock, in future transactions may be higher or lower than the then current trading priceof our common stock. As of February 1, 2016, our five largest shareholders owned an aggregate of 6,570,724 shares of our common stock (representing approximately 55.5% of ouroutstanding shares). All of such shares are available for resale by such stockholders. If some or all of such shares are sold by it may have the effect of depressingthe trading price of our common stock. In addition, such sales could make it more difficult for us to raise capital if needed in the future. If we do not meet the continued listing standards of the NASDAQ Capital Market, our common stock could be delisted from trading, which could limitinvestors’ ability to make transactions in our common stock and subject us to additional trading restrictions. Our common stock is listed on the NASDAQ Capital Market, a national securities exchange, which imposes continued listing requirements with respect to listedshares, including, for example, NASDAQ Listing Rule 5450(a)(1), which requires that the closing bid price of our common stock shall not fall below $1.00 forthirty consecutive business days. Failure to comply with NASDAQ’s continued listing standards will result in the issuance of a non-compliance letter and/orinitiation of delisting proceedings by NASDAQ. There can be no assurance that we will be able to comply with NASDAQ’s continued listing standards. If our securities are delisted from trading on the NASDAQ Capital Market and we are not able to list our securities on another exchange, trading in our commonstock, if any, would be conducted through the OTC Bulletin Board or on the “pink sheets.” As a result, we and investors could face significant adverseconsequences including: ·a limited availability of market quotations for, and difficulties in disposing of, our securities;·a determination that our common stock is a “penny stock,” which will require brokers trading in our common stock to adhere to more stringent rulesand possibly result in a reduced level of trading activity in the secondary trading market for our securities;·a limited amount of news and analyst coverage for us; and·a decreased ability to issue additional securities (including pursuant to short-form registration statements on Form S-3 or obtain additional financingin the future). ITEM 1B. UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS The Company has received no written comments regarding periodic or current reports from the staff of the SEC that were issued 180 days or morepreceding the end of its 2015 fiscal year that remain unresolved. ITEM 2. PROPERTIES We lease from an unaffiliated Lessor, approximately 1,600 square feet of administrative office space at 616 N. North Court, Suite 120, Palatine, Illinois60067. The lease agreement has a term expiring March 31, 2017. The lease agreement provides for rent, property taxes, common area maintenance, and janitorialservices on an annualized basis of approximately $25,000 per year. We utilize this lease space for our administrative, marketing and business developmentfunctions. We conduct research, development, laboratory, development scale and NDA submission batch scale manufacturing and other activities relating todeveloping product candidates using Aversion and Impede Technologies at the facility we own located at 16235 State Road 17, Culver, Indiana. At this location,our wholly-owned subsidiary Acura Pharmaceutical Technologies, Inc., is a 25,000 square foot facility with 7,000 square feet of warehouse, 8,000 square feet ofmanufacturing space, 4,000 square feet of research and development labs and 6,000 square feet of administrative and storage space. The facility is located on 28acres of land. 45 ITEM 3. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS Purdue Pharma Complaint In April, 2015, Purdue Pharma L.P., Purdue Pharmaceuticals L.P. and The P.F. Laboratories, Inc. (collectively, “Purdue”) commenced a patent infringementlawsuit against us and our Oxaydo product licensee Egalet US, Inc. and its parent Egalet Corporation in the United States District Court for the District ofDelaware alleging our Oxaydo product infringes Purdue’s U.S. Patent No. 8,389,007. The complaint seeks injunctive relief as well as awards of damages andattorneys’ fees. In January 2016, the District Court issued a claim construction order in the patent infringement action. The order stated that the termpolyvinylpyrrolidone as that term is defined in the claims of the Purdue patent covers all polymeric forms of vinylpyrrolidone, including crospovidone used inOxaydo. We deny the allegations in the complaint, believe they are without merit and are defending the action vigorously. As is the case with patent litigation,there is a risk that the Court may enjoin the making, using, selling and offering for sale Oxaydo and/or may find that Oxaydo infringes the 007 patent. As anypotential loss is neither probable nor estimable, we have not accrued for any potential loss related to these matters as of December 31, 2015. Reglan ® /Metoclopramide Litigation Halsey Drug Company, as predecessor to us, has been named along with numerous other companies as a defendant in cases filed in three separate state coordinatedlitigations pending in Pennsylvania, New Jersey and California, respectively captioned In re: Reglan®/Metoclopramide Mass Tort Litigation, Philadelphia CountyCourt of Common Pleas, January Term, 2010, No. 01997; In re: Reglan Litigation, Superior Court of New Jersey, Law Division, Atlantic County, Case No. 289,Master Docket No. ATL-L-3865-10; and Reglan/Metoclopramide Cases, Superior Court of California, San Francisco County, Judicial Council CoordinationProceeding No. 4631, Superior Court No.: CJC-10-004631. In addition, Acura was served with a similar complaint by two individual plaintiffs in Nebraska federalcourt, which plaintiffs voluntarily dismissed in December 2014. In this product liability litigation against numerous pharmaceutical product manufacturers anddistributors, including Acura, plaintiffs claim injuries from their use of the Reglan brand of metoclopramide and generic metoclopramide. In the Pennsylvania action, over 200 lawsuits have been filed against Acura and Halsey Drug Company alleging that plaintiffs developed neurological disorders asa result of their use of the Reglan brand and/or generic metoclopramide. In the New Jersey action, plaintiffs filed approximately 150 lawsuits against us, but servedless than 50 individual lawsuits upon us. In the California action, there are 89 pending cases against us, with more than 445 individual plaintiffs. In the lawsuits filed to date, plaintiffs have not confirmed they ingested any of the generic metoclopramide manufactured by Acura. We discontinued manufactureand distribution of generic metoclopramide more than 18 years ago. In addition, we believe the June 23, 2011 decision by the U.S. Supreme Court in PLIVA v.Mensing (“Mensing decision”) holding that state tort law failure to warn claims against generic drug companies are pre-empted by the 1984 Hatch-Waxman ActAmendments and federal drug regulations will assist us in favorably resolving these cases. In New Jersey, Generic Defendants, including Acura, filed dispositive motions based on the Mensing decision, which the Court granted with a limited exception. InJune 2012, the New Jersey trial court dismissed all of the New Jersey cases pending against Acura with prejudice. It is possible that this ruling may eventually beappealed by plaintiffs at the conclusion of the litigation in the trial court. In Pennsylvania, and California, Generic Defendants, including Acura, also filed dispositive motions based on the Mensing decision. 46 In Pennsylvania, on November 18, 2011, the trial court denied Generic Defendants’ dispositive preemption motions, without prejudice. In July 2013, thePennsylvania Superior Court issued an adverse decision, and a subsequent appeal to the Pennsylvania Supreme Court was denied. On December 16, 2014, theGeneric Defendants filed a Joint Petition for Certiorari with the United States Supreme Court captioned Teva Pharmaceuticals USA, Inc. et al. v. Dorothy Bentley,et al. , No. 14-711 (U.S.) seeking reversal of the Pennsylvania state court decision. On April 27, 2015, the U.S. Supreme Court denied this Petition and this matterhas been returned to the trial court for further proceedings. From July, 2015 to date, the court has been moving forward with procedural steps to narrow thislitigation, including requests for plaintiffs to voluntarily discontinue cases, such as those filed against Acura, where there is no case-specific product identification.To the extent, however, that plaintiffs intend to pursue these claims, Acura nonetheless remains optimistic that most, if not all, of these Philadelphia cases willeventually be dismissed against it based upon the favorable aspects of the Superior Court’s narrow preemption ruling and lack of product identification, althoughthere can be no assurance in this regard. Legal fees related to this matter are currently covered by Acura’s insurance carrier. In California, the trial court entered a May 25, 2012 Order denying Generic Defendants’ dispositive preemption motions. The Generic Defendants’ appeals fromthis order were denied by the California appellate courts. In May 2014, the California Court denied a subsequent demurrer and motion to strike seeking dismissalof plaintiffs’ manufacturing defect and defective product claims to the extent that they are barred by federal preemption based upon the June 2013 Bartlettdecision. Thus far, Acura and most Generic Defendants have not been required to file answers or other responsive pleadings in each individual case in which theyare named defendants. However, the individual cases against Acura have been stayed pending resolution of certain jurisdictional issues relating to cases filed bynon-resident California plaintiffs and further action by the trial court. Subject to further developments, plaintiffs may be permitted to proceed with these lawsuitsagainst Acura including state law claims based on (1) failing to communicate warnings to physicians through “Dear Doctor” letters; and (2) failure to updatelabeling to adopt brand labeling changes. The California trial court also has acknowledged the preemptive effect of Mensing so that any claim “that would renderthe generic defendants in violation of federal law if they are found responsible under a state law cause of action, would not be permissible.” To date, however, noneof these plaintiffs have confirmed they ingested any of the generic metoclopramide manufactured by Acura. Therefore, we expect the number of plaintiffs withpossible claims to be reduced voluntarily or by motion practice. Action will be taken in an effort to dismiss Acura from these cases, although there can be noassurance in this regard. Legal fees related to this matter are currently covered by our insurance carrier. As any potential loss is neither probable nor estimable, we have not accrued for any potential loss related to these matters as of December 31, 2015 and we arepresently unable to determine if any potential loss would be covered by our insurance carrier. ITEM 4. MINE SAFETY DISLCOSURES Not Applicable. PART II ITEM 5. MARKET FOR REGISTRANT'S COMMON EQUITY, RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS AND ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITYSECURITIES Market and Market Prices of Common Stock Set forth below for the periods indicated are the high and low sales prices for trading in our common stock on the NASDAQ Capital Market as reportedby the NASDAQ Capital Market. Period Sale Prices High Low 2014 Fiscal Year First Quarter $10.60 $7.20 Second Quarter 7.75 4.90 Third Quarter 5.65 3.40 Fourth Quarter 3.90 2.05 2015 Fiscal Year First Quarter $5.75 $2.25 Second Quarter 6.75 3.70 Third Quarter 4.80 2.27 Fourth Quarter 2.85 1.62 2016 Fiscal Year First Quarter (through January 31, 2016) $2.57 $1.61 47 NASDAQ Notification On September 18, 2014, we received a written notification from NASDAQ notifying the Company that we had failed to comply with the $1.00 minimum bid pricerequirement in NASDAQ Listing Rule 5550(a)(2)(the “Rule”) because the bid price for our common stock over a period of 30 consecutive business days prior tosuch date had closed below the minimum $1.00 per share requirement for continued listing. In accordance with NASDAQ’s Listing Rule 5810(c)(3)(A), we had aperiod of 180 calendar days, or until March 17, 2015, to regain compliance with the Rule. After determining that it would not be in compliance with the Rule byMarch 17, 2015, we notified NASDAQ and applied for an extension of the cure period, as permitted under the original notification. In accordance with NASDAQ Listing Rule 5810(c)(3)(A), NASDAQ granted us a second grace period of 180 calendar days, or until September 14, 2015, to regaincompliance with the minimum closing bid price requirement for continued listing. In order to regain compliance, on August 28, 2015, we effected a one-for-fivereverse stock split of our common stock. On September 15, 2015, we received a letter from the Listing Qualifications Staff (the “Staff”) of The Nasdaq Stock Market confirming that for the last 10consecutive business days, from August 28 to September 14, 2015, the closing bid price of our common stock has been equal to or in excess of the $1.00 per shareminimum bid price requirement for continued listing, as required by Nasdaq Listing Rule 5550(a)(2) and we were once again in compliance with the rule. Theletter further stated that this matter, which had been previously communicated to us in the Staff’s non-compliance notices dated September 18, 2014 and March 19,2015, is now closed. Holders There were approximately 350 holders of record of our common stock on February 29, 2016. This number, however, does not reflect the ultimate numberof beneficial holders of our common stock. Dividend Policy The payment of cash dividends is subject to the discretion of our Board of Directors and is dependent upon many factors, including our earnings, ourcapital needs and our general financial condition. Historically, we have not paid any cash dividends. In addition, our Loan and Security Agreement with OxfordFinance LLC restricts our ability to pay dividends during the term of such Agreement. Securities Authorized for Issuance under Equity Compensation Plans Reference is made to the Company’s Proxy Statement for its 2015 Annual Meeting of Shareholders under the caption “Compensation of ExecutiveOfficers and Directors - Restricted Stock Unit Award Plan; and Securities Authorized for Issuance under Equity Compensation Plans”. 48 ITEM 6. SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA The selected consolidated financial data presented below for the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014, 2013, 2012 and 2011 are derived from ouraudited Consolidated Financial Statements. The Consolidated Financial Statements as of December 31, 2015 and 2014 and for each of the years in the two-yearperiod ended December 31, 2015, and the reports thereon, are included elsewhere in this Report. The selected financial information presented for our 2013, 2012and 2011 operations and for our 2013, 2012 and 2011 balance sheets are derived from our audited Consolidated Financial Statements not presented in this Report. The information set forth below has been retroactively adjusted to reflect a one-for-five reverse stock split effected by us on August 28, 2015, is qualified byreference to, and should be read in conjunction with, the Consolidated Financial Statements and related notes thereto included elsewhere in this Report and "Item 7.Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations". OPERATING DATA (in thousands) except per share data 2015 2014 2013 2012 2011 Revenues, net $8,587 $751 $123 $- $20,466 Operating expenses: Cost of sales 986 428 364 - - Research and development (1) 2,608 4,582 4,923 3,726 4,037 Selling, marketing, general and administrative (2) 8,994 7,940 8,926 6,013 5,895 Interest expense 1,157 1,212 9 - - Investment income 166 198 194 79 32 Other income (expense) 3 4 4 (8) (34)(Loss) income before income tax (4,989) (13,209) (13,901) (9,668) 10,532 Provision for income taxes - - - - 147 Net (loss) income applicable to common stockholders $(4,989) $(13,209) $(13,901) $(9,668) $10,385 (Loss) earnings per share: Basic $(0.46) $(1.35) $(1.45) $(1.00) $1.10 (Loss) earnings per share: Diluted $(0.46) $(1.35) $(1.45) $(1.00) $1.10 Weighted average shares used in computing net earnings(loss) per share: Basic 10,796 9,779 9,553 9,504 9,499 Weighted average shares used in computing net earnings(loss) per share: Diluted 10,796 9,779 9,553 9,504 9,601 (1) Includes stock-based compensation expense from all types of awards of approximately $160, $220, $315, $375 and $500 for years 2015, 2014, 2013, 2012, and2011, respectively.(2) Includes stock-based compensation expense from all types of awards of approximately $480, $700, $900, $1,360 and $1,900 for years 2015, 2014, 2013, 2012and 2011, respectively. BALANCE SHEET DATA (in thousands) 2015 2014 2013 2012 2011 Working capital (3) $8,391 $10,239 $26,346 $26,572 $35,599 Total assets 16,961 16,033 28,630 29,054 37,173 Total liabilities 9,061 10,981 10,707 1,424 530 Accumulated deficit (367,310) (362,321) (349,112) (335,211) (325,543)Stockholders' equity $7,900 $5,052 $17,923 $27,630 $36,643 (3) Excludes compensating balance requirement of $2,500 at December 31, 2015. 49 ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS This discussion and analysis should be read in conjunction with our financial statements and accompanying notes included elsewhere in this Report.Operating results are not necessarily indicative of results that may occur in the future periods. Certain statements in this Report under this Item 7, Item 1,"Business", Item 1A, “Risk Factors” and elsewhere in this Report constitute "forward-looking statements" within the meaning of the Private Securities LitigationReform Act of 1995. Such forward-looking statements involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors which may cause our actual results,performance or achievements or industry results, to be materially different from any future results, performance, or achievements expressed or implied by suchforward-looking statements. See page 1 of this Report under the caption “Forward-Looking Statements” for a description of the most significant of such factors. Company Overview We are a specialty pharmaceutical company engaged in the research, development and commercialization of technologies and products intended to addressmedication abuse and misuse. We have discovered and developed three proprietary platform technologies which can be used to develop multiple products. OurAversion® and Limitx™ Technologies are intended to address methods of product tampering associated with opioid abuse while our Impede® Technology isdirected at minimizing the extraction and conversion of pseudoephedrine into methamphetamine. Oxaydo Tablets (oxycodone HCl, CII), which utilizes theAversion Technology, is the first and only approved immediate-release oxycodone product in the United States with abuse deterrent labeling. On January 7, 2015,we entered into a Collaboration and License Agreement with Egalet US, Inc. and Egalet Ltd., each a subsidiary of Egalet Corporation (collectively, “Egalet”)pursuant to which we exclusively licensed to Egalet worldwide rights to manufacture and commercialize Oxaydo. Oxaydo is currently approved by the FDA formarketing in the United States in 5mg and 7.5mg strengths. Egalet launched Oxaydo in the United States late in the third quarter of 2015. We launched our firstImpede Technology product, Nexafed, into the United States market in December 2012 and launched our Nexafed Sinus Pressure + Pain product in the UnitedStates in February 2015. We have multiple pseudoephedrine products in development utilizing our Impede Technology. On June 15, 2015, we and BayerHealthcare LLC (“Bayer”) entered into a License and Development Agreement (the “Bayer Agreement”) pursuant to which we granted Bayer an exclusiveworldwide license to our Impede Technology for use in an undisclosed methamphetamine resistant pseudoephedrine – containing product and providing for thejoint development of such product using our Impede Technology for the U.S. market. Our third abuse deterrent technology, Limitx, is designed to retard the releaseof active drug ingredients when too many tablets are accidently or purposefully ingested. In January 2016, our Investigational New Drug Application, or IND, filedwith the FDA for our lead Limitx oral abuse deterrent drug candidate using the opioid hydromorphone HC1 (“LTX-04”), was allowed to proceed to clinical testing.We have commenced our initial Phase I exploratory pharmacokinetic study of LTX-04. We expect topline results from this study in the first half of 2016. We arealso developing an immediate-release hydrocodone bitartrate with acetaminophen product utilizing our Limitx technology. Opioid analgesics are one of the largest prescription drug markets in the United States with 250 million prescriptions dispensed in 2014. Prescription opioids arealso the most widely abused drugs with 11 million people abusing or misusing these products annually. Oxaydo will compete in the immediate-release opioidproduct segment. Because immediate-release opioid products are used for both acute and chronic pain, a prescription, on average, contains 65 tablets or capsules.According to IMS Health, in 2014, sales in the immediate-release opioid product segment were approximately 235 million prescriptions and $3.0 billion, of whichapproximately 98% was attributable to generic products. Immediate-release oxycodone tablets represent 14.8 million of these prescriptions or almost 1.6 billiontablets. The FDA approved label for our Oxaydo product describes the unique, and we believe promotable, abuse deterrent features of our product which webelieve makes prescribing our product attractive to some healthcare providers. We are advised that Egalet has approximately 50 sales representatives promotingOxaydo to a target group of approximately 7,000 opioid prescribing physicians with plans to expand that number to 71 sales representatives in early 2016. 50 In 2014, the United States retail market for over-the-counter market, or OTC, cold and allergy products containing the pseudoephedrine oral nasal decongestantwas approximately $0.7 billion. In 2014, the DEA reported 9,339 laboratory incidents involving the illegal use of OTC pseudoephedrine products to manufacturethe highly addictive drug methamphetamine, or meth. According to the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, users of methamphetaminesurged in 2013 to 595,000 people up from 440,000 in 2012. Nexafed, our 30mg pseudoephedrine hydrochloride immediate-release tablet, is stocked inapproximately 20% of the estimated 65,000 U.S. pharmacies. Many of these pharmacies are either actively recommending Nexafed to their patients or carryNexafed as their only 30mg pseudoephedrine product. We launched our first line extension, Nexafed Sinus Pressure + Pain, a 30/325mg pseudoephedrine HCl andacetaminophen tablet using our Impede technology in February 2015. The category for meth-resistant pseudoephedrine products has also been the focus of some,as yet unsuccessful, state legislation seeking to incentivize consumers and pharmacists to utilize these meth-resistant technologies. We have an active development program to develop an extended-release version of our Impede technology to capitalize on higher sales products in the category.We also are investigating new technologies that would improve on our meth-resistant capabilities. On March 23, 2015, we announced preliminary top line resultsfrom our pilot clinical study demonstrating bioequivalence of our Nexafed extended release tablets to Johnson & Johnson’s Sudafed® 12-hour Tablets. Nexafedextended release tablets utilize our Impede 2.0 enhanced meth-resistant technology. Our Impede 2.0 technology has demonstrated, in the direct conversion, or“one-pot”, methamphetamine conversion process performed by an independent pharmaceutical services company, the ability to reduce meth-yields, on average, by75% compared to Sudafed® Tablets. Company’s Present Financial Condition At December 31, 2015, we had cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities of $13.3 million compared to $12.1 million of cash, cash equivalents andmarketable securities at December 31, 2014. We have a $2.5 million compensating balance requirement at December 31, 2015 under our term loan from OxfordFinance LLC. Excluding the compensating balance requirement, the Company had unrestricted working capital of $8.4 million at December 31, 2015 compared toworking capital of $10.2 million at December 31, 2014. We had an accumulated deficit of approximately $367.3 million and $362.3 million at December 31, 2015and December 31, 2014, respectively. We had a loss from operations of $4.0 million and a net loss of $5.0 million for the year ending December 31, 2015,compared to a loss from operation of $12.2 million and a net loss of $13.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2014. As of January 31, 2016, our unrestrictedcash, cash equivalents and marketable securities, less our $2.5 million compensating balance requirement, was $10.4 million. To fund our continued operations, we expect to rely on our current cash resources, royalty payments that may be made under the Egalet Agreement, collaborationrevenues, milestones and royalty payments that may be made under the Bayer Agreement, milestones and royalty payments that may be made under future licenseagreements with other pharmaceutical company partners, of which there can be no assurance of obtaining, and revenues from our commercialization of ourNexafed products. Our cash requirements for operating activities may increase in the future as we continue to conduct pre-clinical studies and clinical trials for ourproduct candidates including our Limitx products in development, maintain, defend, and expand the scope of our intellectual property, hire additional personnel,commercialize our Nexafed products, or invest in other areas. Our losses have resulted principally from costs incurred in connection with research and development activities, salaries and other personnel-related costs andgeneral corporate expenses. Research and development activities include costs of pre-clinical studies, clinical trials, and clinical trial product supplies associatedwith our product candidates. Salaries and other personnel-related costs include the non-cash stock-based compensation associated with stock options and restrictedstock units granted to employees and non-employee directors. 51 Results of Operations for the Years Ended December 31, 2015 and 2014. December 31 2015 2014 Change $000’s $000’s Percent Revenues: License fee revenue $5,250 $500 $4,750 950%Milestone revenue 2,500 - 2,500 - Collaboration revenue 170 - 170 - Royalty revenue 5 4 1 25 Product sales, net 662 247 415 168 Total revenues, net 8,587 751 7,836 1,044 Operating expenses: Cost of sales 986 428 558 189 Research and development 2,608 4,582 (1,974) (43)Selling, marketing, general and administrative 8,994 7,940 1,054 13 Total operating expenses 12,588 12,950 (362) (3)Operating loss (4,001) (12,199) (8,198) (67) Non-Operating income (expense): Investment income 166 198 (32) (16)Interest expense (1,157) (1,212) (55) (5)Other income 3 4 (1) (25)Total other income (expense), net (988) (1,010) (22) (2) Loss before income taxes (4,989) (13,209) (8,220) (62)Provision for income taxes - - - - Net loss $(4,989) $(13,209) $(8,220) (62)% Revenue and Cost of Sales License Fees On January 7, 2015, we and Egalet US, Inc. and Egalet Ltd., each a subsidiary of Egalet Corporation (collectively, “Egalet”) entered into a Collaboration andLicense Agreement to commercialize Oxaydo tablets (formerly known as Oxecta) utilizing our Aversion® Technology. Egalet paid us an upfront payment of $5.0million upon signing the agreement. In December 2014, the Company entered into an agreement with Purdue Pharma to settle a patent interference action regarding certain intellectual property held byAcura (U.S. Patent No. 8,101,630). The dispute centered upon the issue of which company has priority in developing the invention. The parties agreed to forgoprotracted litigation and the uncertainties arising therefrom by entering an agreement whereby Acura conceded Purdue’s claim of priority in exchange for certainfinancial consideration to us including an immediate non-refundable payment of $500 thousand. In June 2015, the Company received an additional $250 thousandpayment from Purdue relating to the December 2014 agreement. Milestone Revenue Milestone revenue is contingent upon the achievement of certain pre-defined events in the development agreements. Milestone payments are recognized as revenueupon achievement of the “at risk” milestone events, which represent the culmination of the earnings process related to that milestone. Milestone payments aretriggered either by the results of our research and development efforts or by events external to us, such as regulatory approval to market a product. As such, themilestones are substantially at risk at the inception of an agreement, and the amounts of the payments assigned thereto are commensurate with the milestoneachieved. In addition, upon the achievement of a milestone event, we have no future performance obligations related to that milestone payment. Each milestonepayment is non-refundable and non-creditable when made. In October 2015, Egalet paid us a $2.5 million milestone payment in connection with the firstcommercial sale of Oxaydo. 52 Collaboration Revenue Collaboration revenue is derived from reimbursement of development expenses and are recognized when costs are incurred pursuant to the collaborationagreement. We recognized $170 thousand of collaboration revenue during the year ended 2015. Royalties In connection with our Collaboration and License Agreement with Egalet to commercialize Oxaydo tablets we receive a stepped royalty at percentage rates rangingfrom mid-single digits to double-digits on net sales during a calendar year based on Oxaydo net sales during such year (excluding net sales resulting from our co-promotion efforts). Egalet’s first commercial sale of Oxaydo occurred in October 2015 and we have recorded royalties of $5 thousand on net sales throughDecember 31, 2015. In connection with our License, Development, and Commercialization Agreement dated October 30, 2007 with King Pharmaceuticals Research and Development,Inc., now a subsidiary of Pfizer Inc. (the “Pfizer Agreement”), we began earning royalties on Oxecta starting in February 2013. We recorded royalties ofapproximately $4 thousand for the year ended December 31, 2014. Effective April 9, 2014, the Pfizer Agreement was terminated and the rights to Oxecta werereturned to us after making a one-time payment of $2.0 million to Pfizer. Product Sales Nexafed® was launched in December 2012. Nexafed® Sinus Pressure + Pain was launched in February 2015. The Company sells the Nexafed® product line in theUnited States to wholesale pharmaceutical distributors and as well as directly to chain drug stores. The product line is sold subject to the right of return usually fora period of up to twelve months after the product expiration. Both products currently have a shelf life of twenty-four months from the date of manufacture. Given the limited sales history of Nexafed, we could not reliably estimate expected returns of the product at the time of shipment to certain customers andaccordingly we had deferred revenue. As of December 31, 2014, we had $353 thousand of deferred revenue on our balance sheet related to Nexafed shipmentswhich occurred since its commercial launch. During the first quarter ended March 31, 2015, we determined we had obtained sufficient sales returns history toreasonably estimate future returns. As a result of this change, we recorded a one-time adjustment in the first quarter ended March 2015 to recognize revenue thathad previously been deferred, resulting in additional net revenue of $314 thousand. Revenue is being recognized at the time the product is sold to a customer. Cost and Expenses Cost of Sales Cost of sales includes third-party acquisition costs, third-party warehousing and product distribution charges and inventory reserve expense for the Nexafedproduct line. During the first quarter ended March 31, 2015, we determined we had obtained sufficient sales returns history to reasonably estimate future returns.As a result of this change, we recorded a one-time adjustment in the first quarter ended March 2015 to recognize revenue that had previously been deferred,resulting in additional cost of sales of $255 thousand. For the years ended 2015 and 2014, cost of sales was $986 thousand and $428 thousand, respectively. Included in cost of sales for the years ended 2015 and 2014, is $330 thousand and $201 thousand, respectively, of inventory reserve expense. The expense in 2015was for $260 thousand of raw and package materials purchased from Pfizer at the time we reacquired Oxaydo from Pfizer and for $70 thousand of finished goodsheld for distribution and sale on our Nexafed® product line. The expense in 2014 was for $201 thousand of finished goods for distribution and sale on Nexafed®. 53 Research and Development Research and development expense (R&D) for the years ended 2015 and 2014 was primarily for our Aversion and our Impede Technologies developmentincluding costs of preclinical and non-clinical, clinical trials, clinical supplies and related formulation and design costs, salaries and other personnel relatedexpenses, and facility costs. Included in each of 2015 and 2014 yearly results are non-cash share-based compensation expenses of approximately $160 thousandand $220 thousand, respectively. Excluding the share-based compensation expense, our R&D expenses decreased approximately $1.9 million between reportingperiods primarily from a reduction in development expenses on various product candidates. During 2015 we indefinitely suspended further development of ourAversion Hydrocodone/APAP product and began development of our Limitx technology, which is being supported by a $300 thousand grant by the NationalInstitute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health, all of which has been received. We have reallocated our resources to our Limitx developmentcandidates. During 2015 we demonstrated in a pilot clinical study the bioequivalence of a formulation of our Nexafed extended release tablets utilizing our Impede2.0 technology to Sudafed® 12-hour Tablets. We have begun a project to integrate Impede 2.0 technology into our commercially available Nexafed 30mg tabletwhile moving supply to an alternate contract manufacturer. General, Administrative, Selling and Marketing Selling and marketing expenses for the years ended 2015 and 2014 was primarily of advertising and marketing activities on the Nexafed product line. Our Nexafedadvertising and marketing activities will continue in 2016. Our general and administrative expenses primarily consisted of legal, audit and other professionalservices, corporate insurance, and payroll. Included in each of the 2015 and 2014 yearly results are non-cash share-based compensation expenses of approximately$480 thousand and $700 thousand, respectively. Excluding the share-based compensation expense our selling, marketing, general and administrative expensesincreased by $1.2 million between reporting periods, resulting primarily from increases in advertising and marketing activities and our patent legal litigationexpenses with Purdue Pharma. Non-Operating Income (Expense) During the years ended 2015 and 2014, non-operating expense consisted principally of interest expense on our term loan from Oxford, which originated onDecember 27, 2013, less investment income derived from our investments. Income Taxes Our results for 2015 and 2014 include no federal or state income tax benefit provisions due to uncertainty of their future utilization. Liquidity and Capital Resources At December 31, 2015, we had cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities $13.3 million compared to $12.1 million at December 31, 2014. We have a $2.5million compensating balance requirement under our Oxford term loan. Excluding the compensating balance requirement, we had unrestricted working capital of$8.4 million at December 31, 2015 compared to $10.2 million at December 31, 2014. Pending the receipt of further milestone payments, if any, and royalty payments under the Egalet Agreement, development reimbursement payments, milestonesand royalty payments that may be made under the Bayer Agreement, milestones and royalty payments that may be made under similar agreements for our productsin development anticipated to be negotiated and executed with other pharmaceutical company partners, of which no assurance can be given, we must rely onrevenues from our Nexafed products sales and our cash and marketable securities to fund the development of our Impede Technology and Limitx Technology andrelated administrative and operating expenses. Our future sources of revenue, if any, will be derived from milestone payments and royalties under the EgaletAgreement, the Bayer Agreement and similar agreements for our products in development with other pharmaceutical company partners, for which there can be noassurance, and from the commercialization of our Nexafed products and other products that we expect to develop. 54 As of January 31, 2016, our unrestricted cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities, less our $2.5 million compensating balance requirement, wasapproximately $10.4 million. We estimate that such unrestricted cash reserves and marketable securities will be sufficient to fund the development of ImpedeTechnology and Limitx Technology product candidates, and related operating expenses at least through the next 12 months. The amount and timing of our future cash requirements will depend on regulatory and market acceptance of our product candidates and the resources we devote tothe development and commercialization of our product candidates. The following table presents our expected cash payments on contractual obligations outstanding as of December 31, 2015: Payments due by period (in thousands) Total Less than 1 year 1-3 years 3-5 years More than 5 years Operating leases $33 $26 $7 $- $- Contract manufacturing services 150 150 - - - Employment agreements 679 679 - - - Service agreements 247 247 - - - RSU awards 45 40 5 - - Debt interest 1,841 535 1,306 - - Debt principal 8,040 2,320 5,720 - - Total $11,035 $3,997 $7,038 $- $- Term Loan with Oxford Finance On December 27, 2013, we and our subsidiary, Acura Pharmaceutical Technologies, Inc. entered into a Loan and Security Agreement (the “LoanAgreement”) with Oxford Finance LLC (“Oxford”), as collateral agent and as a lender, pursuant to which the Oxford made a term loan to us in the principalamount of $10.0 million (the “Term Loan”), subject to the terms and conditions set forth in the Loan Agreement. We are using the proceeds of the Loan Agreementfor general working capital and to fund our business requirements. The full principal amount of the Term Loan was funded on December 27, 2013. The Term Loan accrues interest at a fixed rate of 8.35% per annum (witha default rate of 13.35% per annum). We were required to make monthly interest−only payments until April 1, 2015 and starting on April 1, 2015, we are requiredto make payments of principal and accrued interest in equal monthly installments sufficient to amortize the Term Loan through the maturity date of December 1,2018. As of December 31, 2015, the outstanding principal balance of the Term Loan was $8.0 million. All unpaid principal and accrued and unpaid interest withrespect to the Term Loan is due and payable in full on December 1, 2018. As security for our obligations under the Loan Agreement, we granted Oxford a securityinterest in substantially all of our existing and after−acquired assets, exclusive of intellectual property assets. Pursuant to the Loan Agreement, we are not allowedto pledge our intellectual property assets to others. On January 7, 2015, we and Oxford entered into an amendment (the “Amendment”) to the Loan Agreement. Pursuant to the Amendment, (i) the exerciseprice of the warrants issued to the Lender on the date of funding the Term Loan to purchase 59,561 shares of our Common Stock was lowered from $7.98 to $2.52per share (such reduced amount being equal to the average closing price of our common stock on Nasdaq for the 10 trading days preceding the date of theAmendment and after giving effect to our one-for-five reverse stock split), (ii) we agreed to maintain a $2.5 million cash balance until such time as we have repaid$5.0 million in principal of the Term Loan, and (iii) the Lender consented to the terms of our Collaboration and License Agreement with Egalet relating to ourOxaydo product. 55 We may voluntarily prepay the Term Loan in full, but not in part, and any prepayment is subject to a prepayment premium equal to 1% of the principalprepaid. In addition, at the maturity, termination or upon voluntary or mandatory prepayment of the Term Loan, we must pay Oxford an additional one-timeinterest payment of $795 thousand. The Loan Agreement contains customary representations and warranties and customary affirmative and negative covenants, including, among others,limits or restrictions on our ability to incur liens, incur indebtedness, pay dividends, redeem stock, and merge or consolidate and dispose of assets. In addition, itcontains customary events of default that entitles Oxford to cause any or all of our indebtedness under the Loan Agreement to become immediately due andpayable. The events of default (some of which are subject to applicable grace or cure periods), include, among other things, non−payment defaults, covenantdefaults, a material adverse change affecting us or our operations, bankruptcy and insolvency defaults and material judgment defaults. The warrants to purchase 59,561 shares of our common stock we issued to Oxford in connection with the Term Loan, having an exercise price of $2.52per share (as adjusted pursuant to the Amendment and after giving effect to our one-for-five reverse stock split), are immediately exercisable for cash or by netexercise and will expire December 27, 2020. Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements We do not engage in transactions or arrangements with unconsolidated or other special purpose entities. Critical Accounting Policies The preparation of our financial statements in accordance with United States generally accepted accounting principles requires us to make estimates andassumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses in our financial statements and accompanying notes. We evaluate ourestimates on an ongoing basis, including those estimates related to contract agreements, research collaborations and investments. We base our estimates onhistorical experience and various other assumptions that we believe to be reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for makingjudgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. Actual results may differ from these estimates underdifferent assumptions or conditions. The following items in our financial statements require significant estimates and judgments: Revenue Recognition Revenue is generally realized or realizable and earned when there is persuasive evidence an arrangement exists, delivery has occurred or servicesrendered, the price is fixed and determinable, and collection is reasonably assured. The Company records revenue from its Nexafed product line sales when theprice is fixed and determinable at the date of sale, title and risk of ownership have been transferred to the customer, and returns can be reasonably estimated. Nexafed was launched in mid-December 2012 and Nexafed Sinus Pressure + Pain was launched in February 2015. We sell our Nexafed products in theUnited States to wholesale pharmaceutical distributors as well as directly to chain drug stores. Our Nexafed products are sold subject to the right of return usuallyfor a period of up to twelve months after the product expiration. The Nexafed products currently have a shelf life of twenty-four months from the date ofmanufacture. Given the limited sales history of our Nexafed products, we could not reliably estimate expected returns of the product at the time of shipment tocertain customers and accordingly we had deferred the recognition of revenue of $353 thousand of Nexafed® shipments at December 31, 2014 until the right ofreturn no longer exists or adequate history and information becomes available to estimate product returns. During the first quarter of 2015 we determined we hadobtained sufficient sales returns history to reasonably estimate future returns from those customers. As a result of this change, we recorded a one-time adjustmentin the first quarter of 2015 to recognize revenue that had previously been deferred, resulting in additional net revenues of $314 thousand after recording a liabilityfor sales returns of $120 thousand, and recorded cost of sales of $255 thousand. At December 31, 2015, we have a $205 thousand sales returns liability which willbe reviewed against sales returns activity each calendar quarter for adjustment. Revenue and cost of sales are being recognized at the time the Nexafed products areshipped to customers. 56 Research and Development Research and Development (“R&D”) expenses include internal R&D activities, external Contract Research Organization (“CRO”) and their clinical research sites,and other activities. Internal R&D activity expenses include facility overhead, equipment and facility maintenance and repairs, laboratory supplies, pre-clinicallaboratory experiments, depreciation, salaries, benefits, and share-based compensation expenses. CRO activity expenses include preclinical laboratory experimentsand clinical trial studies. Other activity expenses include regulatory consulting, and regulatory legal counsel. Internal R&D activities and other activity expensesare charged to operations as incurred. We make payments to the CRO's based on agreed upon terms and may include payments in advance of the study startingdate. We review and accrue CRO expenses and clinical trial study expenses based on services performed and rely upon estimates of those costs applicable to thestage of completion of a study as provided by the CRO. Accrued CRO costs are subject to revisions as such studies progress to completion. Revisions are chargedto expense in the period in which the facts that give rise to the revision become known. At December 31, 2015, we were entered into a cancelable arrangement forcontract manufacturing services of approximately $0.2 million on a project to integrate Impede 2.0 technology into our commercially available Nexafed 30mgtablet while moving supply to an alternate contract manufacturer. At December 31, 2014, we were entered into several cancelable CRO arrangements and ourobligations under these arrangements were approximately $0.1 million for services to be incurred as subjects are enrolled and progress through the studies. Income Taxes We account for income taxes under the liability method. Under this method, deferred income tax assets and liabilities are determined based on differencesbetween financial reporting and income tax basis of assets and liabilities and are measured using the enacted income tax rates and laws that will be in effect whenthe differences are expected to reverse. Additionally, net operating loss and tax credit carryforwards are reported as deferred income tax assets. The realization ofdeferred income tax assets is dependent upon future earnings. A valuation allowance against deferred income tax assets is required if, based on the weight ofavailable evidence, it is more likely than not that some or all of the deferred income tax assets may not be realized. Because we realized taxable income in 2011 wewere able to utilize a portion of our net operating loss carryforwards. At December 31, 2015, 100% of the remaining deferred income tax assets are offset by avaluation allowance due to uncertainties with respect to future utilization of net operating loss carryforwards. If in the future it is determined that amounts of ourdeferred income tax assets would likely be realized, the valuation allowance would be reduced in the period in which such determination is made and a benefitfrom income taxes in such period would be recognized. Stock Compensation Compensation cost related to stock-based payment transactions is measured based on fair value of the equity or liability instrument issued. For purposesof estimating the fair value of each stock option unit on the date of grant, we utilized the Black-Scholes option-pricing model. The Black-Scholes option valuationmodel was developed for use in estimating the fair value of traded options, which have no vesting restrictions and are fully transferable. In addition, optionvaluation models require the input of highly subjective assumptions including the expected volatility factor of the market price of our common stock (asdetermined by reviewing its historical public market closing prices). Our accounting for stock-based compensation for restricted stock units, or RSUs, is based onthe fair-value method. The fair value of the RSUs is the market price of our common stock on the date of grant, less its exercise cost. Capital Expenditures Our capital expenditures during 2015 and 2014 were $214 thousand and $135 thousand, respectively. Capital expenditures in each such year wereprimarily attributable to the purchase of scientific equipment. 57 Impact of Inflation We believe that inflation did not have a material impact on our operations for the periods reported. ITEM 7A. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK Some of the securities that we invest in may be subject to market risk. Our primary objective in our cash management activities is to preserve principalwhile at the same time maximizing income we receive from our investments. A change in the prevailing interest rates may cause the principal amount of ourinvestments to fluctuate. We have no holdings of derivative financial and commodity instruments. As of December 31, 2015, our investments consisted ofcorporate bonds and exchange-traded funds. ITEM 8. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA The consolidated financial statements of Acura Pharmaceuticals, Inc. and Subsidiary and the Report of the Independent Registered Public AccountingFirm thereon, to be filed pursuant to Item 8 are included in Item 15. ITEM 9. CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS ON ACCOUNTING AND FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE Not applicable. ITEM 9A. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures. We have conducted an evaluation, under the supervision and with the participation of ourmanagement, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer of the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls andprocedures pursuant to Exchange Act Rule 13a-15(e). Based upon that evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that ourdisclosure controls and procedures are effective in timely alerting them to material information relating to the Company (including our subsidiary) required to beincluded in our periodic Securities and Exchange Commission filings. Management’s Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting . Our management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internalcontrol over financial reporting. Internal control over financial reporting is defined in Rule 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) promulgated under the Exchange Act as aprocess designated by, or under the supervision of, our principal executive and principal financial officers and effected by our board of directors, management andother personnel, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes inaccordance with generally accepted accounting principles and includes those policies and procedures that: ·Pertain to the maintenance of records that in reasonable detail accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and disposition of our assets;·Provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance withgenerally accepted accounting principles, and that our receipts and expenditures are being made only in accordance with authorizations of ourmanagement and directors; and·Provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use or disposition of our assets that couldhave a material effect on the financial statements. Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Therefore, even those systemsdetermined to be effective can provide only reasonable assurance with respect to financial statement preparation and presentation. Also, projections of anyevaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree ofcompliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate. 58 Our management assessed the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2015. In making this assessment,management used the criteria set forth by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO) in Internal Control – IntegratedFramework (1992 Framework). Based on our assessment, our Chief Executive Officer and our Chief Financial Officer both believe that, as of December 31, 2015,our internal control over financial reporting is effective based on those criteria. The Company’s independent registered public accounting firm was not required to and did not express an opinion on the effectiveness of the Company’sinternal control over financial reporting. Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting. There was no change in our internal control over financial reporting that occurred during theFourth Quarter 2015 that materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting. ITEM 9B. OTHER INFORMATION Not Applicable. 59 PART III ITEM 10. DIRECTORS, EXECUTIVE OFFICERS AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE Reference is made to 2016 Proxy Statement to be filed with the SEC on or about March 16, 2016 with respect to Directors, Executive Officers andCorporate Governance, which is incorporated herein by reference and made a part hereof in response to the information required by Item 10. ITEM 11. EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION Reference is made to our 2016 Proxy Statement to be filed with the SEC on or about March 16, 2016 with respect to Executive Compensation, which isincorporated herein by reference and made a part hereof in response to the information required by Item 11. ITEM 12. SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT AND RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS Reference is made to our 2016 Proxy Statement to be filed with the SEC on or about March 16, 2016 with respect to the to the security ownership ofcertain beneficial owners and management and related stockholder matters, which is incorporated herein by reference and made a part hereof in response to theinformation required by Item 12. ITEM 13. CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS, AND DIRECTOR INDEPENDENCE Reference is made to our 2016 Proxy Statement to be filed with the SEC on or about March 16, 2016 with respect to certain relationships and relatedtransactions and direct independence, which is incorporated herein by reference and made a part hereof in response to the information required by Item 13. ITEM 14. PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTANT FEES AND SERVICES Reference is made to our 2016 Proxy Statement to be filed with the SEC on or about March 16, 2016 with respect to auditor fees, which is incorporatedherein by reference and made a part in response to the information required by Item 14. PART IV ITEM 15. EXHIBITS AND FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES (a) The following documents are filed as part of this report: 1.All Financial Statements: See Index to Financial Statements2.Financial Statement Schedules: None3.Exhibits: See Index to Exhibits 60 SIGNATURES Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on itsbehalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized. Date: February 25, 2016ACURA PHARMACEUTICALS, INC. By:/s/ Robert B. Jones Robert B. Jones President and Chief Executive Officer (Principal Executive Officer) Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the registrant and inthe capacities and on the dates indicated. Signature Title(s) Date /s/Robert B. Jones President, Chief Executive Officer and Director February 25, 2016Robert B. Jones (Principal Executive Officer) /s/Peter A. Clemens Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer February 25, 2016Peter A. Clemens (Principal Financial and Accounting Officer) /s/William G. Skelly Director February 25, 2016William G. Skelly /s/Bruce F Wesson Director February 25, 2016Bruce F. Wesson /s/Immanuel Thangaraj Director February 25, 2016Immanuel Thangaraj /s/George K. Ross Director February 25, 2016George K. Ross 61 ACURA PHARMACEUTICALS, INCINDEX TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS Page Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting FirmF-2 Consolidated Balance Sheets as of December 31, 2015 and 2014F-3 Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss for the years ended December 31, 2015 and 2014F-4 Consolidated Statements of Stockholders' Equity for the years ended December 31, 2015 and 2014 F-5 Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the years ended December 31, 2015 and 2014F-6 Notes to Consolidated Financial StatementsF-8 Supplementary Data (Unaudited)F-28 F- 1 REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM Board of Directors and ShareholdersAcura Pharmaceuticals, Inc.Palatine, Illinois We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Acura Pharmaceuticals Inc. as of December 31, 2015 and 2014 and the related consolidatedstatements of operations and comprehensive loss, stockholders’ equity, and cash flows for the years then ended. These consolidated financial statements are theresponsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these consolidated financial statements based on our audits. We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that weplan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the consolidated financial statements are free of material misstatement. The Company isnot required to have, nor were we engaged to perform, an audit of its internal control over financial reporting. Our audits included consideration of internal controlover financial reporting as a basis for designing audit procedures that are appropriate in the circumstances, but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on theeffectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting. Accordingly, we express no such opinion. An audit also includes examining, on a testbasis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the consolidated financial statements, assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimatesmade by management, as well as evaluating the overall consolidated financial statement presentation. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for ouropinion. In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of Acura Pharmaceuticals Inc. atDecember 31, 2015 and 2014, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for the years then ended , in conformity with accounting principles generallyaccepted in the United States of America. /s/ BDO USA, LLPChicago, IllinoisFebruary 29, 2016 F- 2 ACURA PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETSDECEMBER 31, 2015 and 2014(in thousands, except par value) 2015 2014 ASSETS Current assets: Cash and cash equivalents $2,485 $774 Marketable securities (Note 4) 10,837 11,322 Accounts receivable, net of allowances of $91 and $5 83 76 Accrued investment income 37 66 Inventories, net (Note 5) 276 304 Prepaid expenses and other current assets 417 471 Other current deferred assets - 218 Total current assets 14,135 13,231 Property, plant and equipment, net (Note 6) 1,013 957 Intangible asset, net of accumulated amortization of $362 and $155 (Note 3) 1,638 1,845 Other assets 175 - Total assets $16,961 $16,033 LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY Current liabilities: Accounts payable $110 $217 Accrued expenses (Note 7) 564 568 Accrued interest - 70 Other current liabilities 45 26 Sales returns liability 205 - Deferred revenue - 353 Current maturities of long-term debt (Note 8) 2,320 1,758 Total current liabilities 3,244 2,992 Long-term debt, net of debt discount of $193 and $281 and debt issuance costs of $97 and $162 (Note 8) 5,430 7,799 Long-term portion of accrued interest 387 190 Total liabilities 9,061 10,981 Commitments and contingencies (Note 13) Stockholders’ equity: Common stock: $.01 par value per share; 100,000 shares authorized, 11,801 and 9,770 shares issued and outstandingat 2015 and 2014, respectively 118 98 Additional paid-in capital 375,157 367,288 Accumulated deficit (367,310) (362,321)Accumulated other comprehensive loss (65) (13) Total stockholders’ equity 7,900 5,052 Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity $16,961 $16,033 See accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements. F- 3 ACURA PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS AND COMPREHENSIVE LOSSYEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2015 and 2014(in thousands, except per share amounts) 2015 2014 Revenues: License fee revenue $5,250 $500 Milestone revenue 2,500 - Collaboration revenue 170 - Royalty revenue 5 4 Product sales, net 662 247 Total revenues, net 8,587 751 Operating expenses: Cost of sales (excluding inventory write-down) 656 227 Inventory write-down (Note 5) 330 201 Research and development 2,608 4,582 Selling, marketing, general and administrative 8,994 7,940 Total operating expenses 12,588 12,950 Operating loss (4,001) (12,199) Non-Operating income (expense): Investment income 166 198 Interest expense (Note 8) (1,157) (1,212)Other income 3 4 Total other expense, net (988) (1,010) Loss before income taxes (4,989) (13,209)Provision for income taxes - - Net loss $(4,989) $(13,209)Other comprehensive loss: Unrealized losses on marketable securities (52) (32)Total other comprehensive loss (52) (32) Comprehensive loss $(5,041) $(13,241) Loss per share: Basic $(0.46) $(1.35)Diluted $(0.46) $(1.35)Weighted average shares outstanding: Basic 10,796 9,779 Diluted 10,796 9,779 See accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements. F- 4 ACURA PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITYYEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2015 and 2014(in thousands) Common Stock Additional Paid-in Accumulated Accumulated Other Comprehensive Shares $ Amount Capital Deficit Income (Loss) Total Balance at Jan. 1, 2014 9,665 $97 $366,919 $(349,112) $19 $17,923 Net loss - - - (13,209) - (13,209)Other comprehensive loss - - - - (32) (32)Share-based compensation - - 890 - - 890 Net distribution of common stock pursuant torestricted stock unit award plan 165 2 (1) - - 1 Common shares withheld for withholdingtaxes on distribution of restricted stock units (63) (1) (524) - - (525) Net issuance of common stock pursuant tocashless exercise of stock options 2 - - - - - Common shares withheld for withholdingtaxes on cashless exercise of stock options - - (4) - - (4) Issuance of common stock for exercise ofstock options 1 - 8 - - 8 Balance at Dec. 31, 2014 9,770 $98 $367,288 $(362,321) $(13) $5,052 Net loss - - - (4,989) - (4,989)Other comprehensive loss - - - - (52) (52)Share-based compensation - - 606 - - 606 Net distribution of common stock pursuant torestricted stock unit award plan 19 - - - - - Modification to warrants issued withpromissory notes - - 33 - - 33 Issuance of common stock under “at themarket” offerings, net of offering costs of $8 54 - 217 - - 217 Issuance of common stock under registereddirect offering, net of offering costs of $603 1,958 20 7,013 - - 7,033 Balance at December 31, 2015 11,801 $118 $375,157 $(367,310) $(65) $7,900 See accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements. F- 5 ACURA PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWSYEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2015 and 2014(in thousands) 2015 2014 Cash Flows from Operating Activities: Net loss $(4,989) $(13,209)Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities: Depreciation 125 119 Provision to reduce inventory to net realizable value 330 201 Provision for sales returns 267 - Share-based compensation 606 890 Amortization of debt discount and debt issuance costs 186 188 Amortization of bond premium in marketable securities 127 250 Amortization of intangible asset 207 155 Gain on sales of marketable securities (3) (4)Loss on disposals of property, plant and equipment 19 - Changes in assets and liabilities: Accounts receivable, net (69) 118 Accrued investment income 29 54 Inventories (302) (254)Prepaid expenses and other current assets 54 158 Other current deferred assets 218 (32)Other assets (175) 5 Accounts payable (107) (57)Accrued expenses (4) 27 Deferred revenue (353) 66 Accrued interest – current and long term 127 260 Other current and non-current liabilities 19 21 Net cash used in operating activities (3,688) (11,044)Cash Flows from Investing Activities: Purchases of marketable securities (3,522) (2,203)Proceeds from sale and maturities of marketable securities 3,830 4,336 Acquisition of product rights - (2,000)Additions to property, plant and equipment (214) (135)Proceeds from disposals of property, plant and equipment 14 - Net cash provided by (used in) by investing activities 108 (2)Cash Flows from Financing Activities: Proceeds from exercise of stock options - 8 Proceeds from distribution of restricted stock units 1 1 Statutory minimum withholding taxes paid on the distribution of common stock pursuant to restricted stock unitplan and exercise of stock options - (529)Proceeds from “at-the-market” offering 225 - Proceeds from registered direct offering 7,636 - Offering transaction costs (611) - Principal payments on debt (1,960) - Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities 5,291 (520)Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents 1,711 (11,566)Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of year 774 12,340 Cash and cash equivalents at end of year $2,485 $774 Supplemental Disclosures of Cash Flow Information: Cash paid during the year for: Interest $844 $765 Income taxes, net of refunds $- $14 See accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements. F- 6 ACURA PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS (CONTINUED)YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2015 and 2014 Supplemental disclosures of noncash investing and financing activities (amounts presented are rounded to the nearest thousand): Year ended December 31, 2015 1.The exercise price of 60 thousand common stock purchase warrants held by our term debt lender was changed from $7.98 to $2.52 per share. The change infair value of $33 was recorded as additional debt discount and will be amortized as interest expense over the remaining term of this debt. Year ended December 31, 2014 1.166 thousand shares of common stock were eligible for distribution pursuant to our 2005 RSU Plan utilizing various cashless exercise features of the plan.After withholding 1 thousand shares for $7 in exercise costs and withholding 63 thousand shares for $525 in statutory minimum payroll taxes, we issued 102thousand shares of common stock. 2.Options to purchase 5 thousand shares of common stock were exercised utilizing various cashless exercise features of the stock option plan. After withholding3 thousand shares for $32 in exercise costs and withholding 1 thousand shares for $4 in statutory minimum payroll taxes, we issued 1 thousand shares ofcommon stock. See accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements. F- 7 ACURA PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTSDECEMBER 31, 2015 and 2014 NOTE 1 - DESCRIPTION OF BUSINESS Acura Pharmaceuticals, Inc., a New York corporation, and its subsidiary (the “Company”, “We”, or “Our”) is a specialty pharmaceutical company engaged in theresearch, development and commercialization of technologies and products intended to address medication abuse and misuse. We have discovered and developedthree proprietary platform technologies which can be used to develop multiple products. Our Aversion® and Limitx™ Technologies are intended to addressmethods of product tampering associated with opioid abuse while our Impede® Technology is directed at minimizing the extraction and conversion ofpseudoephedrine into methamphetamine. Oxaydo® Tablets (oxycodone HCl, CII), which utilizes the Aversion Technology, is the first and only approvedimmediate-release oxycodone product in the United States with abuse deterrent labeling. On January 7, 2015, we entered into a Collaboration and LicenseAgreement with Egalet US, Inc. and Egalet Ltd., each a subsidiary of Egalet Corporation (collectively, “Egalet”) pursuant to which we exclusively licensed toEgalet worldwide rights to manufacture and commercialize Oxaydo. Oxaydo is currently approved by the FDA for marketing in the United States in 5mg and7.5mg strengths. Egalet launched Oxaydo in the United States late in the third quarter of 2015. We launched our first Impede Technology product, Nexafed, intothe United States market in December 2012 and launched our Nexafed Sinus Pressure + Pain product in the United States in February 2015. We have multiplepseudoephedrine products in development utilizing our Impede Technology. On June 15, 2015, we and Bayer Healthcare LLC (“Bayer”) entered into a License andDevelopment Agreement (the “Bayer Agreement”) pursuant to which we granted Bayer an exclusive worldwide license to our Impede Technology for use in anundisclosed methamphetamine resistant pseudoephedrine – containing product and providing for the joint development of such product using our ImpedeTechnology for the U.S. market. Our third abuse deterrent technology, Limitx, is designed to retard the release of active drug ingredients when too many tablets areaccidently or purposefully ingested. In January 2016, our Investigational New Drug Application, or IND, filed with the FDA for our lead Limitx oral abusedeterrent drug candidate using the opioid hydromorphone HC1 (“LTX-04”), was allowed to proceed to clinical testing. We have commenced our initial Phase Iexploratory pharmacokinetic study of LTX-04. We are also developing an immediate-release hydrocodone bitartrate with acetaminophen product utilizing ourLimitx technology. Amounts presented have been rounded to the nearest thousand, where indicated, except share and per share data. The equity amounts and all share and per sharedata of the Company have been retroactively adjusted to reflect a one-for-five reverse stock split effected by us on August 28, 2015. NOTE 2 - SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES Basis of Presentation The Company’s consolidated financial statements are prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America(“GAAP”). The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of our wholly-owned subsidiary, Acura Pharmaceutical Technologies Inc., after eliminationof intercompany accounts and transactions. Reclassifications Certain reclassifications have been made to the prior years' amounts to conform to the current year's presentation. F- 8 Management Estimates Management is required to make certain estimates and assumptions in order to prepare consolidated financial statements in conformity with GAAP. Such estimatesand assumptions affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities in the consolidatedfinancial statements and accompanying notes. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Management periodically evaluates estimates used in thepreparation of the consolidated financial statements for continued reasonableness. Appropriate adjustments, if any, to the estimates used are made prospectivelybased on such periodic evaluations. Cash and Cash Equivalents The Company considers cash and cash equivalents to include cash in financial institutions and money market funds. The Company considers all highly liquidinvestments with an original maturity of three months or less to be cash equivalents. Our cash and cash equivalents are governed by our investment policy asapproved by our Board of Directors. The carrying amount of cash and cash equivalents approximates its fair value due to its short-term nature. Marketable Securities The Company’s marketable securities at December 31, 2015 and 2014 primarily consist of corporate debt securities and exchange-traded funds. Our marketablesecurities are governed by our investment policy as approved by our Board of Directors. The Company’s marketable securities are classified as available-for-saleand are recorded at fair value, based upon quoted market prices or net asset value. Unrealized temporary adjustments to fair value are included in a separatecomponent of stockholders’ equity as unrealized gains and losses and reported as a component of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss). No gains orlosses on marketable securities are realized until shares are sold or a decline in fair value is determined to be other-than-temporary. If a decline in fair value isdetermined to be other-than-temporary, an impairment charge is recorded and a new cost basis in the investment is established. Fair Value of Other Financial Instruments The Company’s financial instruments consist primarily of cash and cash equivalents, marketable securities, accounts and other receivables, trade accounts payable,accrued expenses and our long-term debt. The carrying amounts of these financial instruments, other than marketable securities and our long-term debt, arerepresentative of their respective fair values due to their relatively short maturities. The Company believes the fair value of long-term debt approximates itscarrying value based upon the borrowing rates currently available to the Company for loans with similar terms. As discussed above, marketable securities arerecorded at fair value. Concentration of Credit RiskCredit Risk : Financial instruments that potentially subject the Company to a significant concentration of credit risk consist primarily of cash and cashequivalents, marketable securities and accounts receivable. The Company maintains deposits in federally insured financial institutions in excess of federallyinsured limits. However, management believes the Company is not exposed to significant credit risk due to the financial position of the depository institutions inwhich those deposits are held. Additionally, the Company’s excess cash is invested in accordance with the investment policy approved by our Board of Directorsthat seeks a combination of both liquidity and safety of principal using diversification of investments, through investments such as investment grade corporate debtsecurities with varying maturities. To date, the Company has not experienced any material realized losses on its cash, cash equivalents, and marketable securities. Customers: We launched our first Impede Technology product, Nexafed®, in the United States in December 2012 and our Nexafed Sinus Pressure + Painproduct in the United States in February 2015. Our accounts receivable arise from our sales of our Nexafed product line and represent amounts due fromwholesalers in the health care and pharmaceuticals industries and from chain drug stores. The Company has performed a credit evaluation of its customers and maymaintain an allowance for potentially uncollectable accounts. We have not experienced any losses on uncollectable accounts in 2015 or 2014. Sales to certain of our customers during 2015 and 2014 accounting for 10% or more of our annual product sales, whether the product shipment was recognizedimmediately as a sales or as a deferred sale, are presented below. Sales to customers designated with an “ * ” accounted for less than 10% of our annual productsales. F- 9 Customer 2015 2014 Rite Aid Corporation 54% 28%Cardinal Health, Inc. 14% 24%AmerisourceBergen Corporation * 13%McKesson Corporation * 13%Kroger Foods * 11% Accounts receivable from certain of our customers at December 31, 2015 and 2014 accounting for 10% or more of our gross accounts receivable are presentedbelow. Accounts receivable from customers designated with an “ ** ” accounted for less than 10% of our gross accounts receivable. Customer 2015 2014 Rite Aid Corporation 68% 83%McKesson Corporation 11% ** Kroger Foods ** 13% Inventories Inventories at December 31, 2015 consist of finished goods held for distribution and sale on our Nexafed® product line. Inventories at December 31, 2014consisted of both raw and packaging materials on our Oxaydo product and finished goods held for distribution and sale on our Nexafed® product. During 2014, wepurchased raw material and packaging material inventories for $260 thousand from Pfizer on the Oxaydo product we reacquired from them. Inventories are statedat the lower of cost (first-in, first-out method) or market (net realizable value). The Company writes down inventories to net realizable value based on forecasteddemand and market conditions, which may differ from actual results. Our purchases of active pharmaceutical ingredients and raw materials required for our development and clinical trial manufacture of product candidates utilizingour Aversion®, Impede® or Limitx Technologies are expensed as incurred. Property, Plant and Equipment Property, plant and equipment are stated at cost, less accumulated depreciation. We have no leasehold improvements. Betterments are capitalized and maintenanceand repairs are charged to operations as incurred. When a depreciable asset is retired from service, the cost and accumulated depreciation is removed from therespective accounts. Depreciation expense is recorded on a straight-line basis over the estimated useful lives of the related assets. The estimated useful lives of the major classificationof depreciable assets are: Building and improvements 10 - 40 years Land and improvements 20 - 40 years Machinery and equipment 7 - 10 years Scientific equipment 5 - 10 years Computer hardware and software 3 - 10 years Deferred Debt Issuance Costs and Debt Discount Deferred debt issuance costs include costs of debt financing undertaken by the Company, including legal fees, placement fees and other direct costs of thefinancing. Debt discount is the value attributable to warrants issued in conjunction with the financing. Debt issuance costs and debt discount are amortized intointerest expense over the term of the related debt using the effective interest method. See Recent Accounting Pronouncements for discussion on the presentation ofdeferred debt issuance costs as a direct reduction against long-term debt. F- 10 License Fee Revenue In December 2014, the Company entered into an agreement with Purdue Pharma to settle a patent interference action regarding certain intellectual property held byAcura (U.S. Patent No. 8,101,630). The dispute centered on the issue of which company has priority in developing the invention. The parties agreed to forgoprotracted litigation and the uncertainties arising therefrom by entering into an agreement whereby Acura conceded Purdue’s claim of priority in exchange forcertain financial consideration to Acura including an immediate non-refundable payment of $500 thousand. In June 2015, the Company received an additional$250 thousand payment from Purdue relating to the December 2014 agreement. These amounts were recognized as revenue when received. On January 7, 2015, we and Egalet US, Inc. and Egalet Ltd., each a subsidiary of Egalet Corporation (collectively, “Egalet”) entered into a Collaboration andLicense Agreement to commercialize Oxaydo tablets (formerly known as Oxecta) utilizing our Aversion® Technology. Egalet paid us $5.0 million upon signingthe Egalet Agreement. The payment was non-refundable and non-creditable when made and we had no further requirements to earn the payment. The amount wasrecognized as revenue when received (see Note 3). Milestone Revenue Milestone revenue is contingent upon the achievement of certain pre-defined events in the development agreements. Milestone payments are recognized as revenueupon achievement of the “at risk” milestone events, which represent the culmination of the earnings process related to that milestone. Milestone payments aretriggered either by the results of our research and development efforts or by events external to us, such as regulatory approval to market a product. As such, themilestones are substantially at risk at the inception of an agreement, and the amounts of the payments assigned thereto are commensurate with the milestoneachieved. In addition, upon the achievement of a milestone event, we have no future performance obligations related to that milestone payment. Each milestonepayment is non-refundable and non-creditable when made and is recognized as revenue when received. In October 2015, Egalet paid us a $2.5 million milestonepayment in connection with the event of the first commercial sale of Oxaydo. Collaboration Revenue Collaboration revenue is derived from reimbursement of development expenses, such as under our agreement with Bayer, and are recognized when costs areincurred pursuant to the agreements. The ongoing research and development services being provided under the collaboration are priced at fair value based uponthe reimbursement of expenses incurred pursuant to the collaboration agreements. We recognized $170 thousand of collaboration revenue during the year 2015. Royalty Revenue In connection with our Collaboration and License Agreement with Egalet to commercialize Oxaydo tablets we will receive a stepped royalty at percentage ratesranging from mid-single digits to double-digits based on Oxaydo net sales during each calendar year over the term of the agreement (excluding net sales resultingfrom any co-promotion efforts by us). We recognize royalty revenue each calendar quarter based on net sales reported to us by Egalet in accordance with theagreement. Egalet’s first commercial sale of Oxaydo occurred in October 2015 and we have recorded royalties of $5 thousand on net sales during the fourth quarter2015 (see Note 3). In connection with our License, Development, and Commercialization Agreement dated October 30, 2007 with King Pharmaceuticals Research and Development,Inc., now a subsidiary of Pfizer Inc. (the “Pfizer Agreement”), we began earning royalties on Oxecta starting in February 2013. We recorded royalties ofapproximately $4 thousand for the year ended December 31, 2014. Effective April 9, 2014, the Pfizer Agreement was terminated and the rights to Oxecta werereturned to us after making a one-time payment of $2.0 million to Pfizer (see Note 3). F- 11 Product Sales Nexafed was launched in mid-December 2012 and Nexafed Sinus Pressure + Pain was launched in February 2015. We sell our Nexafed products in the UnitedStates to wholesale pharmaceutical distributors as well as directly to chain drug stores. Our Nexafed products are sold subject to the right of return usually for aperiod of up to twelve months after the product expiration. The Nexafed products currently have a shelf life of twenty-four months from the date of manufacture.Given the limited sales history of our Nexafed products, we could not reliably estimate expected returns of the product at the time of shipment to certain customers.During 2014, we continued deferring the recognition of revenue and at December 31, 2014 we had accumulated deferred revenue of $353 thousand of Nexafedshipments. During the first quarter of 2015, we determined we had obtained sufficient sales returns history to reasonably estimate future product returns from thosecustomers. We recorded a one-time adjustment in the first quarter of 2015 to recognize revenue that had previously been deferred, resulting in additional netrevenues of $314 thousand after recording a liability for sales returns of $120 thousand, and recorded cost of sales of $255 thousand. We currently recognizerevenue from our Nexafed product line when the price is fixed and determinable at the date of sale, title and risk of ownership have been transferred to thecustomer, and returns can be reasonably estimated, which generally occurs at the time of product shipment. At December 31, 2015, we have a $205 thousand salesreturns liability which will be reviewed against sales returns activity each calendar quarter for adjustment. Advertising Costs The Company records the cost of its advertising efforts when services are performed or goods are delivered. Shipping and Handling Costs The Company records shipping and handling costs in selling expenses. The amounts recorded from the sales of Nexafed® were not material. Impairment of Long-Lived Assets Long-lived assets such as the intangible asset and property, plant and equipment are reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstancesindicate that the carrying value of an asset may not be recoverable. Recoverability of the assets to be held and used is measured by a comparison of the carryingamount of the asset to estimated undiscounted future cash flows expected to be generated by the asset. If the carrying value of an asset exceeds its estimated futurecash flows, an impairment charge is recognized by the amount by which the carrying amount of the asset exceeds the fair value of the asset. We had no impairmentcharges for the years ended 2015 and 2014. Research and Development Activities Research and Development (“R&D”) expenses include internal R&D activities, external Contract Research Organization (“CRO”) services and their clinicalresearch sites, and other activities. Internal R&D activity expenses include facility overhead, equipment and facility maintenance and repairs, laboratory supplies,pre-clinical laboratory experiments, depreciation, salaries, benefits, and share-based compensation expenses. CRO activity expenses include preclinical laboratoryexperiments and clinical trial studies. Other activity expenses include regulatory consulting, and regulatory legal counsel. Internal R&D activities and other activityexpenses are charged to operations as incurred. We make payments to the CRO's based on agreed upon terms and may include payments in advance of a studystarting date. We review and accrue CRO expenses and clinical trial study expenses based on services performed and rely on estimates of those costs applicable tothe stage of completion of a study as provided by the CRO. Accrued CRO costs are subject to revisions as such studies progress to completion. Revisions arecharged to expense in the period in which the facts that give rise to the revision become known. During 2015, we entered into a cancelable arrangement forcontract manufacturing services on a project to integrate Impede 2.0 technology into our commercially available Nexafed 30mg tablet while moving supply to analternate contract manufacturer. Approximately $0.2 million was remaining under this agreement at December 31, 2015. During 2014, we entered into severalcancelable CRO arrangements and our remaining obligations under these arrangements were approximately $0.1 million at December 31, 2014 for services to beincurred as subjects are enrolled and progress through the studies. We did not have prepaid CRO costs and clinical trial study expenses at either December 31,2015 or 2014. F- 12 Share-based Compensation We have several share-based compensation plans covering stock options and RSUs for our employees and directors, which are described more fully in Note 11. We measure our compensation cost related to share-based payment transactions based on fair value of the equity or liability instrument issued. For purposes ofestimating the fair value of each stock option unit on the date of grant, we utilize the Black-Scholes option-pricing model. Option valuation models require theinput of highly subjective assumptions including the expected volatility factor of the market price of our common stock (as determined by reviewing our historicalpublic market closing prices). Our accounting for share-based compensation for RSUs is based on the market price of our common stock on the date of grant, lessits exercise cost.Our share-based compensation expense recognized in the Company’s results of operations from all types of instruments issued comprised the following (inthousands): Year ended December 31, 2015 2014 Research and development: Stock option awards $158 $220 RSU awards - - $158 $220 Selling, general and administrative: Stock option awards 384 550 RSU awards 95 146 $479 $696 Total share-based compensation expense $637 $916 Comprehensive Income (Loss) Comprehensive income (loss) includes all changes in equity during a period except those that resulted from investments by or distributions to the Company’sstockholders. Other comprehensive income (loss) refers to revenues, expenses, gains and losses that, under GAAP, are included in comprehensive income (loss),but excluded from net income (loss) as these amounts are recorded directly as an adjustment to stockholders’ equity. The Company’s other comprehensive income(loss) is composed of unrealized gains (losses) on certain holdings of marketable securities, net of any realized gains (losses) included in net income (loss). Income Taxes We account for income taxes under the liability method. Under this method, deferred income tax assets and liabilities are determined based on differences betweenthe financial reporting and the income tax basis of assets and liabilities and are measured using the enacted income tax rates and laws that will be in effect when thedifferences are expected to reverse. Additionally, net operating loss and tax credit carryforwards are reported as deferred income tax assets. The realization ofdeferred income tax assets is dependent upon future earnings. A valuation allowance is required against deferred income tax assets if, based on the weight ofavailable evidence, it is more likely than not that some or all of the deferred income tax assets may not be realized. At December 31, 2015 and 2014, 100% of allremaining net deferred income tax assets were offset by a valuation allowance due to uncertainties with respect to future utilization of net operating losscarryforwards. If in the future it is determined that additional amounts of our deferred income tax assets would likely be realized, the valuation allowance would bereduced in the period in which such determination is made and an additional benefit from income taxes in such period would be recognized. F- 13 Earnings Per Share (“EPS”) Basic EPS is computed by dividing net income or loss by the weighted average common shares outstanding during a period, including shares weighted related tovested Restricted Stock Units (“RSUs”) (see Note 11). Diluted EPS is based on the treasury stock method and computed based on the same number of shares usedin the basic share calculation and includes the effect from potential issuance of common stock, such as shares issuable pursuant to the exercise of stock options andstock warrants, assuming the exercise of all in-the-money stock options and warrants. Common stock equivalents are excluded from the computation where theirinclusion would be anti-dilutive. No such adjustments were made for 2015 or 2014 as the Company reported a net loss for the years and including the effects ofcommon stock equivalents in the diluted EPS calculation would have been antidilutive. A reconciliation of the numerators and denominators of basic and diluted EPS consisted of the following (in thousands, except per share data): Years ended December 31, 2015 2014 EPS – basic Numerator: net loss $(4,989) $(13,209)Denominator (weighted): Common shares 10,777 9,770 Vested RSUs 19 9 Basic weighted average shares outstanding 10,796 9,779 EPS - basic $(0.46) $(1.35) EPS – assuming dilution Numerator: net loss $(4,989) $(13,209)Denominator (weighted): Common shares 10,777 9,770 Vested RSUs 19 9 Stock options - - Common stock warrants - - Diluted weighted average shares outstanding 10,796 9,779 EPS - diluted $(0.46) $(1.35) Excluded dilutive securities: Common stock issuable (non weighted): Stock options 1,198 911 Common stock warrants 60 60 Total excluded potentially dilutive shares 1,258 971 Recent Accounting Pronouncements Revenue from Contracts with Customers In May 2014, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) issued Accounting Standards Update (ASU) No. 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts withCustomers (ASU 2014-09), which supersedes nearly all existing revenue recognition guidance under U.S. GAAP. The core principle of ASU 2014-09 is torecognize revenues when promised goods or services are transferred to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which an entity expects to beentitled for those goods or services. ASU 2014-09 defines a five step process to achieve this core principle and, in doing so, more judgment and estimates may berequired within the revenue recognition process than are required under existing U.S. GAAP. The standard is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2017, and interim periods therein, using either of the following transition methods: (i) afull retrospective approach reflecting the application of the standard in each prior reporting period with the option to elect certain practical expedients, or (ii) aretrospective approach with the cumulative effect of initially adopting ASU 2014-09 recognized at the date of adoption (which includes additional footnotedisclosures). We are currently evaluating the impact of our pending adoption of ASU 2014-09 on our consolidated financial statements and have not yetdetermined the transition method we will utilize to adopt the standard for use in 2018. F- 14 Disclosure of Uncertainties about an Entity’s Ability to Continue as a Going Concern In August 2014, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update No. 2014-15, “ Disclosure of Uncertainties about an Entity’s Ability to Continue as a GoingConcern ”, which will explicitly require management to assess an entity’s ability to continue as a going concern and to provide related footnote disclosures incertain circumstances. Currently, there is no guidance in GAAP about management’s responsibility to evaluate whether there is substantial doubt about an entity’sability to continue as a going concern or to provide related footnote disclosures. The amendments in this Update provide that guidance. In doing so, theamendments should reduce diversity in the timing and content of footnote disclosures. The amendments require management to assess an entity’s ability tocontinue as a going concern by incorporating and expanding upon certain principles that are currently in U.S. auditing standards. Specifically, the amendments (1)provide a definition of the term “substantial doubt”, (2) require an evaluation every reporting period including interim periods, (3) provide principles forconsidering the mitigating effect of management’s plans, (4) require certain disclosures when substantial doubt is alleviated as a result of consideration ofmanagement’s plans, (5) require an express statement and other disclosures when substantial doubt is not alleviated and (6) require an assessment for a period ofone year after the date that the financial statements are issued (or available to be issued). The amendments in this update are effective for the first annual periodending after December 15, 2016, and for annual periods and interim periods thereafter. Early application is permitted. The Company is currently evaluating theimpact of adopting this update on its financial statements. Presentation of Debt Issuance Costs In April 2015, the FASB issued ASU No. 2015-03, "Interest - Imputation of Interest (Subtopic 835-30): Simplifying the Presentation of Debt Issuance Costs." Theamendments in this ASU require that debt issuance costs related to a recognized debt liability be presented in the balance sheet as a direct deduction from thecarrying amount of that debt liability, consistent with debt discounts. The recognition and measurement guidance for debt issuance costs are not affected by theamendments in this ASU. The amendments are effective for financial statements issued for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2015. Early adoption of theamendments is permitted and the Company elected to adopt this guidance effective April 1, 2015. The Company adopted the guidance to implement the simplifiedpresentation prescribed as the purpose of the amendment. The new guidance has been applied on a retrospective basis, wherein the consolidated balance sheets ofDecember 31, 2014 have been retrospectively adjusted to reflect the effects of applying the new guidance. As a result of the change to the December 31, 2014consolidated balance sheet, deferred debt issuance costs and long-term debt decreased and increased, respectively, by $162 thousand. After the retrospectiveapplication to December 31, 2014, subsequent amortization of the deferred debt issuance costs results in an increase to long-term debt. NOTE 3 – LICENSE, DEVELOPMENT, AND COMMERCIALIZATION AGREEMENTS Egalet Agreement On January 7, 2015, we and Egalet entered into a Collaboration and License Agreement (the “Egalet Agreement”) to commercialize Aversion Oxycodone underthe tradename Oxaydo. Oxaydo is approved by the FDA for marketing in the United States in 5 mg and 7.5 mg strengths. Under the terms of the Egalet Agreement,we transferred the approved New Drug Application, or NDA, for Oxaydo to Egalet and Egalet is granted an exclusive license under our intellectual property rightsfor development and commercialization of Oxaydo worldwide (the “Territory”) in all strengths, subject to our right to co-promote Oxaydo in the United States.Eaglet launched Oxaydo in the United States late in the third quarter of 2015. In accordance with the Egalet Agreement, we and Egalet have formed a joint steering committee to coordinate commercialization strategies and the developmentof product line extensions. Egalet will pay a significant portion of the expenses relating to (i) annual NDA PDUFA product fees, (ii) expenses of the FDA requiredpost-marketing study for Oxaydo and (iii) expenses of clinical studies for product line extensions (additional strengths) of Oxaydo for the United States and willbear all of the expenses of development and regulatory approval of Oxaydo for sale outside the United States. Egalet is responsible for all manufacturing andcommercialization activities in the Territory for Oxaydo. Subject to certain exceptions, Egalet will have final decision making authority with respect to alldevelopment and commercialization activities for Oxaydo, including pricing, subject to our co-promotion right. Egalet may develop Oxaydo for other countriesand in additional strengths, in its discretion. F- 15 Egalet paid us a $5.0 million license fee upon signing of the Egalet Agreement and a $2.5 million milestone on October 9, 2015 in connection with the firstcommercial sale of Oxaydo. In addition, we will be entitled to a one-time $12.5 million milestone payment when worldwide Oxaydo net sales reach $150 millionin a calendar year. We are receiving from Egalet a stepped royalty at percentage rates ranging from mid-single digits to double-digits based on Oxaydo net salesduring each calendar year (excluding net sales resulting from our co-promotion efforts). In any calendar year of the agreement in which net sales exceed a specifiedthreshold, we will receive a double digit royalty on all Oxaydo net sales in that year (excluding net sales resulting from our co-promotion efforts). If we exerciseour co-promotion rights, we will receive a share of the gross margin attributable to incremental Oxaydo net sales from our co-promotion activities. Egalet’s royaltypayment obligations commence on the first commercial sale of Oxaydo and expire, on a country-by-country basis, upon the expiration of the last to expire validpatent claim covering Oxaydo in such country (or if there are no patent claims in such country, then upon the expiration of the last valid claim in the United Statesor the date when no valid and enforceable listable patent in the FDA’s Orange Book remains with respect to Oxaydo). Royalties will be reduced upon the entry ofgeneric equivalents, as well as for payments required to be made by Egalet to acquire intellectual property rights to commercialize Oxaydo, with an aggregateminimum floor. The Egalet Agreement expires upon the expiration of Egalet’s royalty payment obligations in all countries. Either party may terminate the Egalet Agreement in itsentirety if the other party breaches a payment obligation, or otherwise materially breaches the Egalet Agreement, subject to applicable cure periods, or in the eventthe other party makes an assignment for the benefit of creditors, files a petition in bankruptcy or otherwise seeks relief under applicable bankruptcy laws. We alsomay terminate the Egalet Agreement with respect to the U.S. and other countries if Egalet materially breaches its commercialization obligations. Egalet mayterminate the Egalet Agreement for convenience on 120 days prior written notice, which termination may not occur prior to the second anniversary of Egalet’slaunch of Oxaydo. Termination does not affect a party’s rights accrued prior thereto, but there are no stated payments in connection with termination other thanpayments of obligations previously accrued. For all terminations (but not expiration), the Egalet Agreement provides for the transition of development andmarketing of Oxaydo from Egalet to us, including the conveyance by Egalet to us of the trademarks and all regulatory filings and approvals relating to Oxaydo, andfor Egalet’s supply of Oxaydo for a transition period. Bayer Agreement On June 15, 2015, we and Bayer entered into a License and Development Agreement (the “Bayer Agreement”) granting Bayer an exclusive worldwide license toour Impede Technology for use in an undisclosed methamphetamine resistant pseudoephedrine –containing product (the “Bayer Licensed Product”) and providingfor the joint development of such product utilizing our Impede Technology for the U.S. market. The Agreement also grants Bayer first right to negotiate a licenseto the Impede technology for certain other products. We and Bayer have formed a joint development committee to coordinate development of the Bayer Licensed Product. We will be eligible to receive reimbursementof certain of our development costs, success-based development and regulatory milestones payments, and low mid-single digit royalties on net sales of the BayerLicensed Product in countries with patent coverage and a reduced royalty elsewhere. The term of the Agreement with respect to each country expires when royalties are no longer payable with respect to such country. After expiration of the termBayer retains a license to sell the Bayer Licensed Product on a royalty free basis. Either party may terminate the Agreement in its entirety if the other partymaterially breaches the Agreement, subject to an applicable cure period, or in the event the other party makes an assignment for the benefit of creditors, files apetition in bankruptcy or otherwise seeks relief under applicable bankruptcy laws. Bayer may terminate the Agreement immediately prior to completion of ourdevelopment obligations or at any time upon six (6) months prior written notice thereafter. We may terminate the Agreement with respect to the U.S. if Bayerceases or suspends development or commercialization of the Bayer Licensed Product for a certain period of time. Terminated Pfizer Agreement In 2007, we entered into License, Development and Commercialization Agreement for Oxaydo (named Oxecta™ under a Pfizer trademark) and other Aversionopioid development products with King Pharmaceuticals Research and Development, Inc., which became a subsidiary of Pfizer in 2011 (the “Pfizer Agreement”).In April 2014, we entered into two letter agreements with Pfizer providing for the termination of the Pfizer Agreement and the return to us of Oxaydo and allAversion product rights in exchange for a one-time termination payment of $2.0 million. Our termination payment of $2.0 million has been recorded in ourconsolidated financial statements as an intangible asset and is being amortized over the remaining useful life of the patent covering Oxaydo. During the year endedDecember 31, 2015 and 2014, we recorded amortization expense of $207 thousand and $155 thousand, respectively. We also purchased from Pfizer selected rawand packaging material inventories for $260 thousand relating to Oxaydo. In 2015, we wrote off and disposed of these inventories. F- 16 NOTE 4 – INVESTMENTS IN MARKETABLE SECURITIESInvestments in marketable securities consisted of the following (in millions): December 31, 2015 December 31, 2014 Marketable securities: Corporate bonds — maturing within 1 year $3.1 $3.5 Corporate bonds — maturing after 1 year and through March2017 0.4 2.8 Exchange-traded funds 7.3 5.0 Total marketable securities $10.8 $11.3 The Company’s marketable securities are classified as available-for-sale and are recorded at fair value based on quoted market prices or net asset value using thespecific identification method. The purchase cost of corporate bonds may include a purchase price premium or discount which will be amortized or accretedagainst earned interest income to the maturity date of the bond. Our marketable securities are classified as current in the Company’s Consolidated Balance Sheetsas they may be sold within one year in response to changes in market prices or interest rates, to realign our investment concentrations or to meet our workingcapital needs. The following tables provide a summary of the fair value and unrealized gains (losses) related to the Company’s available-for-sale securities (in millions): December 31, 2015 Cost Gross Unrealized Gains Gross Unrealized Losses Fair Value Available-for-sale: Corporate bonds $3.6 $- $(0.1) $3.5 Exchange-traded funds 7.3 - - 7.3 Total - Current $10.9 $- $(0.1) $10.8 December 31, 2014 Cost Gross Unrealized Gains Gross Unrealized Losses Fair Value Available-for-sale: Corporate bonds $6.3 $- $- $6.3 Exchange-traded funds 5.0 - - 5.0 Total - Current $11.3 $- $- $11.3 Fair Value Measurement Fair value is the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability (an exit price) in an orderly transaction between market participants. Fairvalues determined based on Level 1 inputs utilize quoted market prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities. Fair values determined based on Level 2inputs utilize observable market-based inputs or unobservable inputs that are corroborated by market data. Fair values determined based on Level 3 inputs utilizeunobservable inputs reflecting the reporting entity’s own assumptions. A financial asset or liability’s classification within the above hierarchy is determined basedon the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement. F- 17 Our assets measured at fair value or disclosed at fair value on a recurring basis as at December 31, 2015 and 2014 consisted of the following (in millions): December 31, 2015 Total Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Assets: Corporate bonds 3.5 - 3.5 - Exchange-traded funds 7.3 7.3 - - Total $10.8 $7.3 $3.5 $- December 31, 2014 Total Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Assets: Corporate bonds 6.3 - 6.3 - Exchange-traded funds 5.0 5.0 - - Total $11.3 $5.0 $6.3 $- Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) Unrealized gains or losses on marketable securities are recorded in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss). Accumulated other comprehensive income(loss) at December 31, 2015 and 2014 consisted of unrealized losses on securities of $65 thousand and $13 thousand, respectively. NOTE 5 – INVENTORIES Inventories at December 31, 2015 consist of finished goods held for distribution and sale on our Nexafed product line. Inventories at December 31, 2014 consistedof both raw and packaging materials on our Oxaydo product and finished goods held for distribution and sale on Nexafed product. During 2014, we purchasedselected raw and packaging material inventories for $260 thousand from Pfizer related to the Oxaydo product we reacquired from them (see Note 3). During 2015,we wrote off and disposed of the inventories. Inventories are stated at the lower of cost (first-in, first-out method) or market (net realizable value). We write downinventories to net realizable value based on forecasted demand and market conditions, which may differ from actual results. At December 31, 2014 we had deferred revenue of $350 thousand from our Nexafed product shipments to customers. The related cost of sales of $218 thousand isreported in our balance sheet in the other current deferred assets account and excluded from the reported year end inventories at December 31, 2014. During 2015,we recorded a one-time adjustment to recognize revenue that had previously been deferred, resulting in additional net revenues of $314 thousand after recording aliability for sales returns of $120 thousand, and we recorded cost of sales of $255 thousand. Our purchases of ingredients and other materials required in our development and clinical trial activities are expensed as incurred. Inventories are summarized as follows (in thousands): December 31, 2015 2014 Raw and packaging $- $260 Finished goods 346 44 Total inventory 346 304 Less: inventory reserve - finished goods (70) ( -) Net inventory $276 $304 F- 18 Inventory reserve activity during the years ended December 31, 2015 and 2014 was as follows (in thousands): 2015 2014 Beginning of year $- $250 Reserve expense - raw and packaging 260 - Reserve expense - finished goods 70 201 330 451 Inventory write-offs - raw and packaging (260) - Inventory write-offs - finished goods - (451)End of year $70 $- NOTE 6 – PROPERTY, PLANT AND EQUIPMENT Property, plant and equipment are summarized as follows (in thousands): December 31, 2015 2014 Building and improvements $1,265 $1,259 Scientific equipment 598 595 Computer hardware and software 124 252 Machinery and equipment 508 386 Land and improvements 162 162 Other personal property 70 70 Office equipment 27 27 2,754 2,751 Less: accumulated depreciation (1,741) (1,794)Total property, plant and equipment, net $1,013 $957 Depreciation expense was approximately $0.1 million for each of the years ended December 31, 2015 and 2014. NOTE 7 – ACCRUED EXPENSES Accrued expenses are summarized as follows (in thousands): December 31, 2015 2014 Professional services $171 $253 Other fees and services 64 110 Payroll, payroll taxes and benefits 101 94 Clinical and regulatory services 92 83 Marketing, advertising, and promotion 115 - Property taxes 15 15 Franchise taxes 6 13 $564 $568 NOTE 8 – DEBT On December 27, 2013, we entered into a Loan and Security Agreement (the “Loan Agreement”) with Oxford Finance LLC (“Oxford” or the “Lender”), for a termloan to the Company in the principal amount of $10.0 million (the “Term Loan”). The full principal amount of the Term Loan was funded on December 27, 2013.We are using the proceeds of the Loan Agreement for general working capital and to fund our business requirements. The Term Loan accrues interest at a fixedrate of 8.35% per annum (with a default rate of 13.35% per annum). The Company was required to make monthly interest−only payments until April 1, 2015(“Amortization Date”) and on the Amortization Date, the Company began to make payments of principal and accrued interest in equal monthly installments of$260 thousand sufficient to amortize the Term Loan through the maturity date of December 1, 2018. All unpaid principal and accrued and unpaid interest withrespect to the Term Loan is due and payable in full on December 1, 2018. As of December 31, 2015, we have made $1.96 million in principal payments. Assecurity for its obligations under the Loan Agreement, the Company granted Lender a security interest in substantially all of its existing and after−acquired assets,exclusive of its intellectual property assets. Pursuant to the Loan Agreement, the Company is not allowed to pledge its intellectual property assets to others. Uponthe execution of the Loan Agreement, we issued to the Lender warrants to purchase an aggregate of up to 60 thousand shares of our common stock at an exerciseprice equal to $7.98 per share (after adjustment for our one-for-five reverse stock split) (the “Warrants”). We recorded $400 thousand as debt discount associatedwith the fair value of the Warrants and are amortizing it to interest expense over the term of the loan using the loan’s effective interest rate. The Warrants areimmediately exercisable for cash or by net exercise and will expire December 27, 2020. The fair value of the warrants was determined using the Black-Scholesoption-pricing model. Significant assumptions used in the Black-Scholes model were: F- 19 Expected dividend yield 0.0%Risk-free interest rate 2.4%Expected volatility 92%Expected term (years) 7 On January 7, 2015, we and Oxford entered into an amendment to the Loan Agreement. Pursuant to the amendment, (i) the exercise price of the Warrants waslowered from $7.98 to $2.52 per share (the average closing price of our common stock on Nasdaq for the 10 trading days preceding the date of the amendment andafter giving effect to our one-for-five reverse stock split) and we recorded additional debt discount of $33 thousand representing the fair value of the warrantmodification, (ii) we agreed to maintain $2.5 million cash reserves until such time as we have repaid $5.0 million in principal of the Term Loan, and (iii) theLender consented to the terms of our Collaboration and License Agreement with Egalet relating to our Oxaydo product. The Company may voluntarily prepay the Term Loan in full, but not in part, and any prepayment is subject to a prepayment premium equal to 1% of the principalprepaid. In addition, at the maturity, termination or upon voluntary or mandatory prepayment of the Term Loan the Company must pay the Lender an additionalone-time interest payment of $795 thousand. We are accruing additional monthly interest expense over the term of the loan for this additional one-time interestpayment using the loan’s effective cash interest rate. The Company was obligated to pay customary lender fees and expenses, including a one-time facility fee of $50 thousand and the Lender’s expenses in connectionwith the Loan Agreement. Combined with the Company’s own expenses and a $100 thousand consulting placement fee, the Company incurred $231 thousand indeferred debt issue costs. We are amortizing these costs, including debt modification additional costs, into interest expense over the term of the loan using theloan’s effective interest rate of 10.16%. The Loan Agreement contains customary representations and warranties and customary affirmative and negative covenants, including, among others, limits orrestrictions on the Company’s ability to incur liens, incur indebtedness, pay dividends, redeem stock, and merge or consolidate and dispose of assets. In addition, itcontains customary events of default that entitles the Lender to cause any or all of the Company’s indebtedness under the Loan Agreement to become immediatelydue and payable. The events of default (some of which are subject to applicable grace or cure periods), include, among other things, non−payment defaults,covenant defaults, a material adverse change in the Company, bankruptcy and insolvency defaults and material judgment defaults. Our debt is summarized below (in thousands): Long-term Debt Current Long-term Total Balance at Dec 31, 2014 $1,758 $8,242 $10,000 Principal payments (1,960) - (1,960)Classification 2,522 (2,522) - Balance at Dec 31, 2015 $2,320 $5,720 $8,040 Debt Discount Current Long-term Total Balance at Dec 31, 2014 $- $(281) $(281)Modification of warrants - (33) (33)Amortization expense - 121 121 Balance at Dec 31, 2015 $- $(193) $(193) Deferred Debt Issuance Costs Current Long-term Total Balance at Dec 31, 2014 $- $(162) $(162)Amortization expense - 65 65 Balance at Dec 31, 2015 $- $(97) $(97) Long-term Debt, net at Dec 31, 2015 $2,320 $5,430 $7,750 F- 20 Our interest expense consisted of the following (in thousands): 2015 2014 Interest expense: Term Loan $971 $1,024 Debt discount 121 119 Debt issue costs 65 69 Total interest expense $1,157 $1,212 The annual principal payments of the debt at December 31, 2015 are as follows: Annual Principal Payments Year (in thousands) 2016 $2,320 2017 2,741 2018 2,979 Total $8,040 NOTE 9 – EQUITY FINANCINGS Our universal shelf registration statement on Form S-3 was declared effective by the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) on March 15, 2013. On April18, 2013, we filed a prospectus supplement with the SEC pursuant to which we could sell shares of our common stock from time to time in “at the market”offerings and certain other transactions, having sales proceeds of up to $13 million. We did not sell any shares of our common stock pursuant to our prospectussupplement during the year ended December 31, 2014. During the year ended December 31, 2015, we sold approximately 54 thousand shares of our common stock(after giving effect to our one-for-five reverse stock split) for gross proceeds of $225 thousand. Transaction costs were approximately $8 thousand. The netproceeds of $217 thousand were used for general corporate purposes. In order to allow for the sale of our shares of common stock under our shelf registrationstatement pursuant to the Placement Agency Agreement and Securities Purchase Agreement described below, on June 30, 2015, we and MLV & Co., LLC, as salesagent, terminated the at-market issuance sales agreement dated April 18, 2013, thereby terminating any further “at the market offerings” under our prospectussupplement filed with the SEC on April 18, 2013. On June 30, 2015, we entered into a Placement Agency Agreement (the “Placement Agency Agreement”) with Roth Capital Partners, LLC (“Roth”), pursuant towhich we engaged Roth to act as sole placement agent in a registered direct offering (the “Offering”) of 1.958 million shares of our common stock, par value $.01(after giving effect to our one-for-five reverse stock split). On June 30, 2015, we entered into a Securities Purchase Agreement (the “Purchase Agreement”) withcertain institutional investors (the “Purchasers”), pursuant to which we agreed to sell 1.958 million shares of our common stock at a price of $3.90 per share (aftergiving effect to our one-for-five reverse stock split) to the Purchasers in the Offering, for gross proceeds to the Company of $7.64 million, before expenses. TheOffering was made pursuant to a prospectus supplement dated June 30, 2015 filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission in connection with a takedownfrom the Company’s shelf registration statement on Form S-3 (File No. 333-187075), which became effective on March 15, 2013, and the related base prospectusincluded in the Registration Statement, as supplemented by the prospectus supplement. The transactions contemplated by the Placement Agency Agreement andthe Purchase Agreement closed on July 7, 2015. Pursuant to the terms of the Placement Agency Agreement, we paid Roth a cash placement fee equal to 6.5% of the gross proceeds in the Offering or $496thousand, and reimbursed Roth $35 thousand for its expenses. The net proceeds from the Offering, after these and other legal expenses, was $7.0 million. F- 21 NOTE 10 – COMMON STOCK WARRANTS We have outstanding common stock purchase warrants (“warrants”) exercisable for 60 thousand shares of our common stock having an exercise price of $2.52 pershare (after giving effect to our one-for-five reverse stock split) with an expiration date in December 2020. See Note 8 for a discussion of the reduction of theexercise price of these warrants to $2.52 per share which were originally issued in connection with the issuance of the $10.0 million secured promissory notes inDecember 2013. These warrants contain a cashless exercise feature. Our warrant activity during the years ended December 31, 2015 and 2014 is shown below (in thousands except price data): December 31, 2015 2014 Number WAvg Exercise Price Number WAvg Exercise Price Outstanding, beginning 60 $7.98 431 $15.75 Issued - - - - Exercised - - - - Expired - - (371) 17.00 Modification - (5.46) - - Outstanding, ending 60 $2.52 60 $7.98 NOTE 11 – EMPLOYEE BENEFIT PLANS 401(k) and Profit-Sharing Plan We have a 401(k) and Profit-Sharing Plan (the “Plan”) for our employees. Employees may elect to make a basic contribution of up to 80% of their annual earningssubject to certain regulatory restrictions on their total contribution. The Plan provides that the Company can make discretionary matching contributions along witha discretionary profit-sharing contribution. We did not contribute a matching contribution or a profit sharing contribution to the Plan in years 2015 or 2014. Stock Option Plans We maintain various stock option plans. A summary of our stock option plans as of December 31, 2015 and 2014 and for the years then ended consisted of thefollowing (in thousands except exercise price): Years Ended December 31, 2015 2014 Number of Options Weighted Average Exercise Price Number of Options Weighted Average Exercise Price Outstanding, beginning 911 $20.70 747 $24.95 Granted 315 2.01 180 2.60 Exercised - - (6) 6.50 Forfeited or expired (28) 26.75 (10) 17.50 Outstanding, ending 1,198 $15.67 911 $20.70 Options exercisable 814 $22.04 695 $26.05 F- 22 The following table summarizes information about nonvested stock options outstanding at December 31, 2015 (in thousands except per price data): Number of Options Not Exercisable Weighted Average Fair Value Outstanding at December 31, 2014 216 $3.30 Granted 315 2.01 Vested (146) 3.70 Forfeited (1) 2.69 Outstanding at December 31, 2015 384 $1.85 We estimate the option’s fair value on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model. Black-Scholes utilizes assumptions related to expected term,forfeitures, volatility, the risk-free interest rate, the dividend yield (which is assumed to be zero, as we have not paid any cash dividends) and employee exercisebehavior. Expected volatilities utilized in the Black-Scholes model are based on the historical volatility of our common stock price. The risk-free interest rate isderived from the U.S. Treasury yield curve in effect at the time of grant. The expected life of the grants is derived from historical exercise activity. Historically, themajority of our stock options have been held until their expiration date. The assumptions used in the Black-Scholes model to determine fair value for the 2015 and 2014 stock option grants were: 2015 2014 Expected dividend yield 0.0% 0.0%Risk-free interest rates 2.2% 2.2%Average expected volatility 89% 97%Expected term (years) 10 10 Weighted average grant date fair value $1.72 $2.30 The intrinsic value of the option awards which were vested and outstanding at December 31, 2015 and 2014 was $6 thousand and $0 thousand, respectively. Thetotal remaining unrecognized compensation cost on unvested option awards outstanding at December 31, 2015 was $711 thousand, and is expected to berecognized in operating expense in varying amounts over the 23 months remaining in the requisite service period. Information about the cashless stock option exercises during the last two years is as follows: ·There were no option awards exercised during 2015.·During 2014, options to purchase 5 thousand shares of common stock were exercised utilizing various cashless exercise features of our stock option planand after withholding 3 thousand shares for $32 thousand in exercise costs and $1 thousand in statutory minimum withholding payroll taxes, we issued 2thousand shares of common stock. Restricted Stock Unit Award Plan We have two Restricted Stock Unit Award Plans for our employees and non-employee directors, a 2014 Restricted Stock Unit Award Plan (the “2014 RSU Plan”)and a 2005 Restricted Stock Unit Award Plan (the “2005 RSU Plan”). Vesting of an RSU entitles the holder to receive a share of our common stock on adistribution date. The share-based compensation cost to be incurred on a granted RSU is the RSU’s fair value, which is the market price of our common stock onthe date of grant, less its exercise cost. The compensation cost is amortized to expense over the vesting period of the RSU award. A summary of the grants under the RSU Plans as of December 31, 2015 and 2014, and for the years then ended consisted of the following (in thousands): Years Ended December 31, 2015 2014 Number of RSUs Number of Vested RSUs Number of RSUs Number of Vested RSUs Outstanding, beginning 29 29 166 166 Granted 42 - 29 - Distributed (26) (26) (166) (166)Vested - 42 - 29 Forfeited or expired - - - - Outstanding, ending 45 45 29 29 F- 23 2014 Restricted Stock Unit Award Plan Our 2014 RSU Plan was approved by shareholders on May 1, 2014 and permits the grant of up to 400 thousand shares of our common stock pursuant to awardsunder the 2014 RSU Plan. As of December 31, 2015, 330 thousand shares are available for award under the 2014 RSU Plan. Information about the awards under the 2014 RSU Plan is as follows: ·On May 1, 2014, we awarded approximately 7 thousand RSUs to each of our 4 non-employee directors. Such RSU awards vested 50% on June 30, 2014 and25% on each of September 30 and December 31, 2014. Such non-employee director awards allow for non-employee directors to receive payment in cash,instead of stock, for up to 40% of each RSU award. The RSU awards subject to cash settlement were recorded as a liability in the Company’s balance sheet.The liability was $26 thousand at December 31, 2014. Accordingly the vested portion of the awards containing the cash settlement feature are beingmarked-to-market each reporting period until they are distributed. Marked-to-market accounting can create fluctuations in our compensation expenseincluding the need to record additional expense. RSU awards are generally distributed on the first business day of the year after vesting, but suchdistribution can be deferred until a later date at the election of the non-employee director. ·On January 2, 2015, we awarded approximately 10 thousand RSUs to each of our 4 non-employee directors which also allow for them to receive payment incash, instead of stock, for up to 40% of each RSU award. Such awards vest 25% at the end of each calendar quarter in 2015. The RSU awards subject tocash settlement are subject to marked-to market accounting and the liability recorded in the Company’s balance sheet was $45 thousand at December 31,2015. Distributions of stock under the January 2, 2015 award cannot be deferred until a later date and the stock under such awards were distributed onJanuary 4, 2016. Information about the distribution of shares under the 2014 RSU Plan is as follows: ·On January 2, 2015, 26 thousand RSUs from the May 1, 2014 award were distributed and 4 thousand RSUs were deferred until a future distribution date. Ofthe 26 thousand RSUs distributed, 19 thousand RSUs were distributed in common stock and 7 thousand RSUs were settled in cash. ·On January 4, 2016, 1 thousand RSUs from the May 1, 2014 award and 41 thousand RSUs from the January 2, 2015 award were distributed. There are 2thousand RSUs from the May 1, 2014 award which remain deferred until a future distribution date. Of the 42 thousand RSUs distributed, 33 thousand RSUswere distributed in common stock and 9 thousand RSUs were settled in cash. 2005 Restricted Stock Unit Award Plan Under our 2005 RSU Plan, one-fourth of vested shares of common stock underlying the aggregate RSU awards of 660 thousand shares, or 166 thousand shares,were distributed (after payment of exercise costs of $0.01 par value per share) on January 1 of each of the years 2011 thru 2014. On January 1, 2014, 102 thousandshares were distributed to the holders while 63 thousand shares were withheld by the Company upon elections made to exchange RSUs in satisfaction of $525thousand withholding tax obligations. All RSUs granted under the 2005 RSU Plan had been distributed effective January 1, 2014. F- 24 NOTE 12 – INCOME TAXES Provision for Income Taxes The reconciliation between our provision for income taxes and the amounts computed by multiplying our loss before taxes by the U.S. statutory tax rate is asfollows (in thousands): December 31, 2015 2014 Benefit at U.S. statutory 34% tax rate $(1,696) $(4,491)State taxes (benefit), net of federal effect 41 65 Research and development tax credits - (30)Share-based compensation 184 262 Other 11 2 Change in valuation allowance 1,460 4,192 Provision for income taxes $- $- Deferred Tax Assets and Valuation Allowance Deferred tax assets reflect the tax effects of net operating losses (“NOLs”), tax credit carryovers, and temporary differences between the carrying amounts of assetsand liabilities for financial reporting purposes and the amounts used for income tax purposes. The most significant item of our deferred tax assets is derived fromour Federal NOLs. We have approximately $52.8 million federal income tax benefits at December 31, 2015 derived from $155.2 million Federal NOLs at the U.S.statutory tax rate of 34% and $2.0 million state NOLs, available to offset future taxable income, some of which already have limitations for future use as prescribedunder IRC Section 382. Our Federal and state NOLs will expire in varying amounts between 2016 and 2035 if not used, and those expirations will causefluctuations in our valuation allowances. The net change in the valuation allowance in 2015 and 2014 was approximately $0.6 million and $2.4 million,respectively. As of December 31, 2015 we had federal research and development tax credits of approximately $1.2 million, which expire in the years 2024 through 2034. Wealso had approximately $0.2 million of Indiana state research and development tax credits, which expire in the years 2016 and 2017. The components of ourdeferred tax assets are as follows: December 31, 2015 2014 (in thousands) Deferred tax assets: Estimated future value of NOLs - Federal $52,772 $51,503 - State 2,050 2,898 Research and development tax credits 1,394 1,398 Share-based compensation 38 45 Other, net 368 151 Total deferred taxes 56,622 55,995 Valuation allowance (56,622) (55,995)Net deferred tax assets $- $- Realization of deferred tax assets is dependent upon future earnings, if any, and the timing and amount of which may be uncertain. Valuation allowances are placedon deferred tax assets when uncertainty exists on their near term utilization. We make periodic reviews of our valuation allowances and fluctuations can occur.Those fluctuations may be reflected as income tax expenses or benefits in the period they occur. We continue to maintain full valuation allowance against all of ourdeferred tax assets at December 31, 2015 due to uncertainties with respect to future utilization of net operating loss carryforwards. If in the future it is determinedthat amounts of our deferred tax assets would likely be realized, the valuation allowance would be reduced in the period in which such determination is made and abenefit from income taxes in such period would be recognized. Uncertainty in Income Taxes We adopted FASB’s statement regarding accounting for uncertainty in income taxes which defined the threshold for recognizing the benefits of tax-returnpositions in the consolidated financial statements as "more-likely-than-not" to be sustained by the taxing authorities. Our adoption of the standard did not result inestablishing a contingent tax liability reserve or a corresponding charge to retained earnings. At each of December 31, 2015 and 2014, we had no liability forincome tax associated with uncertain tax positions. If in the future we establish a contingent tax liability reserve related to uncertain tax positions, our practice willbe to recognize the interest in interest expense and the penalties in other non-operating expense. The Company files federal and state income tax returns and in the normal course of business the Company is subject to examination by these taxing authorities. Asof December 31, 2015, the Company’s tax years 2012, 2013 and 2014 are subject to examination by the taxing authorities. With few exceptions, we believe theCompany is no longer subject to U.S. federal, state and local examinations by taxing authorities for years before 2012. F- 25 NOTE 13 – COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES Purdue Pharma Complaints In April 2015, Purdue Pharma L.P., Purdue Pharmaceuticals L.P. and The P.F. Laboratories, Inc. (collectively, “Purdue”) commenced a patent infringementlawsuit against us and our Oxaydo product licensee Egalet US, Inc. and its parent Egalet Corporation in the United States District Court for the District ofDelaware alleging our Oxaydo product infringes Purdue’s U.S. Patent No. 8,389,007 (the “’007 patent”). The complaint seeks injunctive relief as well as awards ofdamages and attorneys’ fees. In January 2016, the District Court issued a claim construction order in the patent infringement action. The order stated that the termpolyvinylpyrrolidone as that term is defined in the claims of the Purdue patent covers all polymeric forms of vinylpyrrolidone, including crospovidone used inOxaydo. We deny the allegations in the complaint, believe they are without merit and are defending the action vigorously. As is the case with patent litigation,there is a risk that the Court may enjoin the making, using, selling and offering for sale Oxaydo and/or may find that Oxaydo infringes the ‘007 patent. As anypotential loss is neither probable nor estimable, we have not accrued for any potential loss related to this matter as of December 31, 2015. In December 2014, the Company entered into an agreement with Purdue Pharma L.P. to settle a patent interference action regarding certain intellectual propertyheld by Acura (U.S. Patent No. 8,101,630). The dispute centered upon the issue of which company has priority in developing the invention. The parties agreed toforgo protracted litigation and the uncertainties arising therefrom by entering an agreement whereby the Company conceded Purdue Pharma’s claim of priority inexchange for certain financial consideration to us including an immediate non-refundable payment of $500 thousand. In June 2015, the Company received anadditional $250 thousand payment from Purdue Pharma relating to the December 2014 agreement. Reglan ® /Metoclopramide Litigation Halsey Drug Company, as predecessor to us, has been named along with numerous other companies as a defendant in cases filed in three separate state coordinatedlitigations pending in Pennsylvania, New Jersey and California, respectively captioned In re: Reglan®/Metoclopramide Mass Tort Litigation, Philadelphia CountyCourt of Common Pleas, January Term, 2010, No. 01997; In re: Reglan Litigation, Superior Court of New Jersey, Law Division, Atlantic County, Case No. 289,Master Docket No. ATL-L-3865-10; and Reglan/Metoclopramide Cases, Superior Court of California, San Francisco County, Judicial Council CoordinationProceeding No. 4631, Superior Court No.: CJC-10-004631. In addition, Acura was served with a similar complaint by two individual plaintiffs in Nebraska federalcourt, which plaintiffs voluntarily dismissed in December 2014. In this product liability litigation against numerous pharmaceutical product manufacturers anddistributors, including Acura, plaintiffs claim injuries from their use of the Reglan brand of metoclopramide and generic metoclopramide. In the Pennsylvania action, over 200 lawsuits have been filed against Acura and Halsey Drug Company alleging that plaintiffs developed neurological disorders asa result of their use of the Reglan brand and/or generic metoclopramide. In the New Jersey action, plaintiffs filed approximately 150 lawsuits against us, but servedless than 50 individual lawsuits upon us. In the California action, there are 89 pending cases against us, with more than 445 individual plaintiffs. In the lawsuits filed to date, plaintiffs have not confirmed they ingested any of the generic metoclopramide manufactured by Acura. We discontinued manufactureand distribution of generic metoclopramide more than 18 years ago. In addition, we believe the June 23, 2011 decision by the U.S. Supreme Court in PLIVA v.Mensing (“Mensing decision”) holding that state tort law failure to warn claims against generic drug companies are pre-empted by the 1984 Hatch-Waxman ActAmendments and federal drug regulations will assist us in favorably resolving these cases. In New Jersey, Generic Defendants, including Acura, filed dispositive motions based on the Mensing decision, which the Court granted with a limited exception. InJune 2012, the New Jersey trial court dismissed all of the New Jersey cases pending against Acura with prejudice. It is possible that this ruling may eventually beappealed by plaintiffs at the conclusion of the litigation in the trial court. F- 26 In Pennsylvania, and California, Generic Defendants, including Acura, also filed dispositive motions based on the Mensing decision. In Pennsylvania, on November 18, 2011, the trial court denied Generic Defendants’ dispositive preemption motions, without prejudice. In July 2013, thePennsylvania Superior Court issued an adverse decision, and a subsequent appeal to the Pennsylvania Supreme Court was denied. On December 16, 2014, theGeneric Defendants filed a Joint Petition for Certiorari with the United States Supreme Court captioned Teva Pharmaceuticals USA, Inc. et al. v. Dorothy Bentley,et al. , No. 14-711 (U.S.) seeking reversal of the Pennsylvania state court decision. On April 27, 2015, the U.S. Supreme Court denied this Petition and this matterhas been returned to the trial court for further proceedings. From July, 2015 to date, the court has been moving forward with procedural steps to narrow thislitigation, including requests for plaintiffs to voluntarily discontinue cases, such as those filed against Acura, where there is no case-specific product identification.To the extent, however, that plaintiffs intend to pursue these claims, Acura nonetheless remains optimistic that most, if not all, of these Philadelphia cases willeventually be dismissed against it based upon the favorable aspects of the Superior Court’s narrow preemption ruling and lack of product identification, althoughthere can be no assurance in this regard. Legal fees related to this matter are currently covered by Acura’s insurance carrier. In California, the trial court entered a May 25, 2012 Order denying Generic Defendants’ dispositive preemption motions. The Generic Defendants’ appeals fromthis order were denied by the California appellate courts. In May 2014, the California Court denied a subsequent demurrer and motion to strike seeking dismissalof plaintiffs’ manufacturing defect and defective product claims to the extent that they are barred by federal preemption based upon the June 2013 Bartlettdecision. Thus far, Acura and most Generic Defendants have not been required to file answers or other responsive pleadings in each individual case in which theyare named defendants. However, the individual cases against Acura have been stayed pending resolution of certain jurisdictional issues relating to cases filed bynon-resident California plaintiffs and further action by the trial court. Subject to further developments, plaintiffs may be permitted to proceed with these lawsuitsagainst Acura including state law claims based on (1) failing to communicate warnings to physicians through “Dear Doctor” letters; and (2) failure to updatelabeling to adopt brand labeling changes. The California trial court also has acknowledged the preemptive effect of Mensing so that any claim “that would renderthe generic defendants in violation of federal law if they are found responsible under a state law cause of action, would not be permissible.” To date, however, noneof these plaintiffs have confirmed they ingested any of the generic metoclopramide manufactured by Acura. Therefore, we expect the number of plaintiffs withpossible claims to be reduced voluntarily or by motion practice. Action will be taken in an effort to dismiss Acura from these cases, although there can be noassurance in this regard. Legal fees related to this matter are currently covered by our insurance carrier. As any potential loss is neither probable nor estimable, we have not accrued for any potential loss related to these matters as of December 31, 2015 and we arepresently unable to determine if any potential loss would be covered by our insurance carrier. Paragraph IV ANDA Litigation and License Grants On or about September 17, 2012, the FDA began accepting Abbreviated New Drug Applications, or ANDAs, referencing Oxaydo. To date, we have receivedParagraph IV Certification Notices under 21 U.S.C. 355(j) (a Paragraph IV Notice) from five separate generic sponsors of an ANDA for a generic drug listingOxaydo as the reference listed drug. The Paragraph IV Notices state that each generic sponsor believes that our Aversion Technology patents listed in FDA’sOrange Book are invalid, unenforceable or not infringed. We initiated suit against each of Watson Laboratories, Inc. – Florida (Watson), Par Pharmaceutical, Inc.,Impax Laboratories, Inc., Sandoz Inc., and Ranbaxy, Inc., each in the United States District Court for the District of Delaware alleging infringement of our U.S.Patent No. 7,510,726 listed in the FDA’s Orange Book. We dismissed our suit against Watson on the grounds that Watson had amended its ANDA from a Paragraph IV Certification to a Paragraph Certification III,which indicated its intent not to market its generic Oxaydo product in advance of our patent expiry. F- 27 We have entered into distinct Settlement Agreements with each of Par, Impax, Ranbaxy and Sandoz to settle our patent infringement actions. Par is the first filer ofan ANDA for a generic Oxaydo product and is entitled to the 180-day first filer exclusivity under applicable law and FDA regulations. Par is entitled to launch itsgeneric Oxaydo product in the U.S., through the grant of a non-exclusive, royalty-bearing license from us that would trigger on January 1, 2022. We currently haveOrange Book patents that are due to expire between November 2023 and March 2025. In certain limited circumstances, our license to Par would become effectiveprior to January 1, 2022. Par is required to pay us royalties in the range of 10% to 15% of Par’s net profits from the sale of its generic Oxaydo product. Impax and Sandoz are entitled to launch their generic Oxaydo product in the U.S., through the grant of a non-exclusive, royalty-free license from us that wouldtrigger 180 days following the first sale of a generic Oxaydo product in the U.S. by an entity that is entitled to the 180 day first-filer exclusivity under applicablelaw and FDA regulations (or if no entity is entitled to such 180 day exclusivity period, the date on which a generic Oxaydo product is first sold in the U.S. orNovember 27, 2021, whichever date occurs first). In certain circumstances, our license to Impax and Sandoz would become effective prior to such time. In certaincircumstances, Sandoz may be required to pay us a royalty on net profits of their generic Oxaydo product. Our Settlement Agreement with Ranbaxy provides that Ranbaxy’s current generic of our Oxaydo product that is the subject of its ANDA filing does not infringeour Orange Book listed patents with the FDA. We have not provided Ranbaxy a license to our patents and we may re-commence patent infringement litigationagainst Ranbaxy if Ranbaxy changes the formulation of its current generic Oxaydo product. Notwithstanding the settlement of these prior infringement actions, it is possible that other generic manufacturers may also seek to launch a generic version ofOxaydo and challenge our patents. Any determination in such infringement actions that our patents covering our Aversion Technology and Oxaydo are invalid orunenforceable, in whole or in part, or that the products covered by generic sponsors’ ANDAs do not infringe our patents could have a material adverse effect onour operations and financial condition. Facility Lease The Company leases administrative office space in Palatine, Illinois under a lease expiring March 31, 2017 for approximately $25 thousand annually. SUPPLEMENTARY DATA (UNAUDITED) Selected unaudited quarterly consolidated financial data is shown below (in thousands except per share amounts): For Three Month Periods Ended Mar. 31, 2015 June 30, 2015 Sept. 30, 2015 Dec. 31, 2015 Net revenues $5,357 $341 $210 $2,679 Operating expenses 3,845 2,739 2,615 3,389 Operating income (loss) 1,512 (2,398) (2,405) (710)Net income (loss) $1,239 $(2,663) $(2,649) $(916) Basic income (loss) per share $0.13 $(0.28) $(0.23) $(0.08)Diluted income (loss) per share $0.13 $(0.28) $(0.23) $(0.08) For Three Month Periods Ended Mar. 31, 2014 June 30, 2014 Sept. 30, 2014 Dec. 31, 2014 Net revenues $42 $35 $145 $529 Operating expenses 3,868 3,307 2,791 2,984 Operating loss (3,826) (3,272) (2,646) (2,455)Net loss $(4,088) $(3,521) $(2,904) $(2,696) Basic loss per share $(0.40) $(0.35) $(0.30) $(0.30)Diluted loss per share $(0.40) $(0.35) $(0.30) $(0.30) F- 28 ACURA PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.EXHIBIT INDEX The following exhibits are included as a part of this Annual Report on Form 10-K or incorporated herein by reference. Exhibit Number Exhibit Description 1.1 At Market Issuance Sales Agreement dated April 18, 2013 between Acura Pharmaceuticals, Inc. and MLV & Co. LLC(incorporated by reference to Exhibit 1.1 to the Registrant’s Form 8-K filed on April 18, 2013). 1.2 Placement Agency Agreement dated June 30, 2015 between Roth Capital Partners LLC and the Registrant (incorporated byreference to Exhibit 1.1 to our Form 8-K filed July 1, 2015). 3.1 Restated Certificate of Incorporation of the Registrant (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Registrant’s Form 8-K filedon June 25, 2009). 3.2 Certificate of Amendment Reverse Splitting Common Stock and restating but not changing text of part of Article III of RestatedCertificate of Incorporation (incorporated by Reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Form 8-K filed December 4, 2007). 3.3 Certificate of Amendment Reverse Splitting Common Stock and restating but not changing text of part of Article III of RestatedCertificate of Incorporation (incorporated by Reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Form 8-K filed August 27, 2015). 3.4 Restated Bylaws of the Registrant (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Form 8-K filed on March 3, 2009). 10.1 License, Development and Commercialization Agreement dated October 30, 2007 by and between the Registrant and KingPharmaceuticals Research and Development, Inc. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 of the Form 8-K filed on November2, 2007). 10.2 Letter Agreement dated as of September 24, 2012 by and between the Registrant and King Pharmaceuticals Research andDevelopment, Inc. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 of the Form 8-K filed on September 26, 2012) (confidentialtreatment has been granted for portions of this Exhibit). 10.3 Letter Agreement dated April 9, 2014 between King Pharmaceuticals Research and Development Inc. and Registrant terminatingLicense, Development and Commercialization Agreement dated October 30, 2007 (Incorporated by Reference to Exhibit 10.1 tothe Registrant’s Form 10-Q for the quarter ending June 30, 2014 filed on August 4, 2014) (confidential treatment has been grantedfor portions of this Exhibit). 10.4 Manufacturing Services Agreement dated as of July 19, 2011 between the Registrant and Patheon Pharmaceuticals Inc.(incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to our Form 8-K filed July 27, 2011) (confidential treatment has been granted forportions of this Exhibit). 10.5 Securities Purchase Agreement dated as of August 20, 2007 (“PIPE SPA”) among the Registrant, Vivo Ventures Fund VI, L.P.,Vivo Ventures VI Affiliates Fund, L.P., GCE Holdings LLC, and certain other signatories thereto (incorporated by reference toExhibit 10.1 to the Form 8-K filed on August 21, 2007). 1 Exhibit Number Exhibit Description 10.6 Form of Warrant dated as of August 20, 2007 issued pursuant to the PIPE SPA (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to theForm 8-K filed on August 21, 2007)(These warrants expired in 2014). 10.7 Loan and Security Agreement dated as of December 27, 2013 between Acura Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Acura PharmaceuticalTechnologies, Inc. and Oxford Finance LLC (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.6 to the Form 10-K filed March 3, 2014). 10.8 First Amendment to Loan and Security Agreement entered into as of January 7, 2015 between Oxford Finance LLC, theRegistrant and APT (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.8 to our Form 10-K filed March 2, 2015). 10.9 Amended and Restated Warrant A-1 issued to Oxford Finance LLC on January 7, 2015 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.9to our Form 10-K filed March 2, 2015). 10.10 Amended and Restated Warrant A-2 issued to Oxford Finance LLC on January 7, 2015 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit10.10 to our Form 10-K filed March 2, 2015). 10.11 Amended and Restated Warrant A-3 issued to Oxford Finance LLC on January 7, 2015 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit10.11 to our Form 10-K filed March 2, 2015). 10.12 Form of Mortgage dated December 27, 2013(incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.8 to the Form 10-K filed March 3, 2014). 10.13 Collaboration and License Agreement between the Registrant, Egalet US, Inc., Egalet Limited and with respect to Section 17.21,Egalet Corporation (certain information has been omitted and filed separately with the Securities and Exchange Commission andconfidential treatment has been granted with respect to the omitted portion) (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.13 to theForm 10-K for the year ending December 31, 2014, filed March 2, 2015). 10.14 License and Development Agreement dated as of June 5, 2015 between the Registrant and Bayer HealthCare LLC (certaininformation has been omitted and filed separately with the Securities and Exchange Commission and confidential treatment hasbeen granted with respect to the omitted portion) (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to our Form 10-Q/A filed February16, 2016). 10.15 Amended and Restated Voting Agreement dated as of February 6, 2004 among the Registrant, Care Capital Investments II, LP,Essex Woodlands Health Ventures V, L.P., Galen Partners III, L.P., and others (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.5 of theForm 8-K filed on February 10, 2004 (the “February 2004 Form 8-K”)). 10.16 Joinder and Amendment to Amended and Restated Voting Agreement dated November 9, 2005 between the Registrant, GCEHoldings, Essex Woodlands Health Ventures V, L.P., Care Capital Investments II, LP, Galen Partners III, L.P. and others(incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Form 8-K filed November 10, 2005). 10.17 Second Amendment to Amended and Restated Voting Agreement dated as of January 24, 2008 between the Registrant and GCEHoldings, LLC (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Form 8-K filed January 28, 2008). 2 Exhibit Number Exhibit Description 10.18 Third Amendment to Amended and Restated Voting Agreement dated as of October 1, 2012 between the Registrant, Care CapitalInvestments II, LP, Essex Woodlands Health Ventures V, L.P., Galen Partners III, L.P., and others (incorporated by reference toExhibit 10.1 of the Form 8-K filed on October 3, 2012). †10.19 Registrant’s 1995 Stock Option and Restricted Stock Purchase Plan (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to the Registrant'sRegistration Statement on Form S-8, File No. 33-98396). †10.20 Registrant’s 1998 Stock Option Plan, as amended (incorporated by reference to Appendix C to the Registrant’s Proxy Statementfiled on May 12, 2009). †10.21 Registrant’s 2005 Restricted Stock Unit Award Plan, as amended (incorporated by reference to Appendix B to the Registrant’sProxy Statement filed on April 2, 2008). †10.22 Registrant’s 2014 Restricted Stock Unit Award Plan, (incorporated by reference to Appendix A to the Registrant’s ProxyStatement filed on March 12, 2014). †10.23 Registrant’s 2008 Stock Option Plan, as amended on June 25, 2009 (incorporated by reference to Appendix B to our ProxyStatement filed on May 12, 2009). †10.24 Employment Agreement dated as of March 10, 1998 between the Registrant and Peter Clemens (“Clemens”) (incorporated byreference to Exhibit 10.44 to the Form 10-K for the period ending December 31, 2007, filed on April 15, 1998). †10.25 First Amendment to Employment Agreement made as of June 28, 2000 between the Registrant and Clemens (incorporated byreference to Exhibit 10.44A to the Registrant’s 2005 Form 10-K). †10.26 Second Amendment to Executive Employment Agreement between Registrant and Clemens, dated as of January 5, 2005(incorporated by reference to Exhibit 99.1 to the Registrant's Form 8-K filed January 31, 2005). †10.27 Third Amendment to Executive Employment Agreement dated December 22, 2005 between Registrant and Clemens (incorporatedby reference to Exhibit 10.3 to the December 2005 Form 8-K). †10.28 Fourth Amendment to Executive Employment Agreement dated December 16, 2007 between Registrant and Clemens(incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.28 to the Form 10-K for the year ending December 31, 2007, filed on March 5, 2008). †10.29 Fifth Amendment to Executive Employment Agreement executed July 9, 2008 between Registrant and Clemens (incorporated byreference to Exhibit 10.4 to our Form 8-K filed on July 10, 2008). †10.30 Sixth Amendment to Executive Employment Agreement executed December 14, 2012 between the Registrant and Clemens(incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to our Form 8-K filed on December 17, 2012). 3 Exhibit Number Exhibit Description †10.31 Seventh Amendment to Executive Employment Agreement executed December 12, 2013 between the Registrant and Clemens.(incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.24 to the Form 10-K for the year ending December 31, 2013 filed on March 3, 2014). †10.32 Employment Agreement dated as of March 18, 2008 between the Registrant and Robert B. Jones (incorporated by reference toExhibit 10.1 to our Form 8-K filed on March 24, 2008). †10.33 Amendment to Executive Employment Agreement dated as of April 28, 2011 between the Registrant and Robert B. Jones(incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to our Form 10-Q filed July 28, 2011). †10.34 Second Amendment to Executive Employment Agreement between Registrant and Robert B. Jones executed December 14, 2012(incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to our Form 8-K filed December 17, 2012). †10.35 Strategic Transaction Bonus Grant Agreement dated February 28, 2013 between the Registrant and Robert B. Jones (incorporatedby reference to Exhibit 10.1 of our Form 10-Q for the quarter ending March 31, 2013, filed May 2, 2013). †10.36 Strategic Transaction Bonus Grant Agreement dated February 28, 2013 between the Registrant and Peter A. Clemens(incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 of our Form 10-Q filed for the quarter ending March 31, 2013, filed May 2, 2013). 10.37 Stipulation of Settlement dated October 31, 2011 re: Class Action Litigation (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to ourForm 8-K filed November 4, 2011). 10.38 Form of Securities Purchase Agreement entered into between the Registrant and institutional investors on June 30, 2015(incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 of our Form 8-K filed July 1, 2015). 14.1 Code of Ethics (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 14.1 of the Form 8-K filed on December 10, 2007). 21 Subsidiaries of the Registrant (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 21 to the Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31,2006 filed on March 15, 2007). *23.1 Consent of BDO USA, LLP, Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm. *31.1 Certification of Periodic Report by Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Rule 13a-14 and 15d-14 of the Securities Exchange Act of1934. *31.2 Certification of Periodic Report by Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Rule 13a-14 and 15d-14 of the Securities Exchange Act of1934. 4 Exhibit Number Exhibit Description *32 Certification of Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant toSection 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. *101.INS XBRL Instance Document*101.SCH XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document*101.CAL XBRL Extension Calculation Linkbase*101.LAB XBRL Extension Label Linkbase*101.PRE XBRL Extension Presentation Linkbase*101.DEF XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase *Filed or furnished herewith. † Management contract or compensatory plan or arrangement 5 Exhibit 23.1 CONSENT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM Acura Pharmaceuticals, Inc.Palatine, Illinois We hereby consent to the incorporation by reference in the Registration Statements on Form S-8 (Nos. 333-195612, 333-151653, 333-151620, 333-133172, 333-123615, 333-63288, and 33-98356) and on Form S-3 (Nos. 333-187075 and 333-146416) of Acura Pharmaceuticals, Inc. of our report dated February 29, 2016,relating to the consolidated financial statements, which appear in this Form 10-K. /s/ BDO USA, LLPChicago, IllinoisFebruary 29, 2016 EXHIBIT 31.1 CERTIFICATION I, Robert B. Jones, certify that: 1.I have reviewed this Annual Report on Form 10-K of Acura Pharmaceuticals, Inc.; 2.Based on my knowledge, this annual report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make thestatements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report; 3.Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financialcondition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report; 4.The registrant's other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in ExchangeAct Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for theregistrant and have: (a)Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, toensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within thoseentities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared; (b)Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under oursupervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for externalpurposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles; (c)Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant's disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about theeffectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and (d)Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant's internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant's most recentfiscal quarter (its fourth fiscal quarter) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant's internal control overfinancial reporting; and 5.The registrant's other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to theregistrant's auditors and the audit committee of the registrant's board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions): (a)All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonablylikely to adversely affect the registrant's ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and (b)Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant's internal controlover financial reporting. Date: February 29, 2016 /s/Robert B. Jones Robert B. Jones President and Chief Executive Officer EXHIBIT 31.2 CERTIFICATION I, Peter A. Clemens, certify that: 1.I have reviewed this Annual Report on Form 10-K of Acura Pharmaceuticals, Inc.; 2.Based on my knowledge, this annual report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make thestatements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report; 3.Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financialcondition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report; 4.The registrant's other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in ExchangeAct Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) ) for theregistrant and have: (a)Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, toensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within thoseentities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared; (b)Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under oursupervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for externalpurposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles; (c)Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant's disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about theeffectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and (d)Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant's internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant's most recentfiscal quarter (its fourth fiscal quarter) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant's internal control overfinancial reporting; and 5.The registrant's other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to theregistrant's auditors and the audit committee of the registrant's board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions): (a)All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonablylikely to adversely affect the registrant's ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and (b)Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant's internal controlover financial reporting. Date: February 29, 2016 /s/Peter A. Clemens Peter A. Clemens Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer EXHIBIT 32 CERTIFICATION OF CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICERANDCHIEF FINANCIAL OFFICER PURSUANT TO 18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TOSECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002 I, Robert B. Jones, certify, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that the Annual Report on Form 10-K of Acura Pharmaceuticals, Inc. for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2015 fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the SecuritiesExchange Act of 1934 and that information contained in such Annual Report of Form 10-K fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition AcuraPharmaceuticals, Inc. as of the dates presented and results of operations of Acura Pharmaceuticals, Inc. for the periods presented. February 29, 2016By:/s/Robert B. Jones Robert B. Jones President and Chief Executive Officer I, Peter A. Clemens, certify, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that the Annual Report on Form10-K of Acura Pharmaceuticals, Inc. for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2015 fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the SecuritiesExchange Act of 1934 and that information contained in such Annual Report of Form 10-K fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition AcuraPharmaceuticals, Inc. as of the dates presented and results of operations of Acura Pharmaceuticals, Inc. for the periods presented. February 29, 2016By: /s/Peter A. Clemens Peter A. Clemens Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
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