Aegion Corp Annual Report 2015

Plain-text annual report

STRONGER. SAFER. INFRASTRUCTURE. AEGION CORPORATION ANNUAL REPORT 2015 Aegion keeps infrastructure working better, safer and longer for customers throughout the world. We took a fresh look at Aegion in early 2015 to identify the commonalities among our businesses. The result is the new mission statement you see at the top of this page. It all boils down to this: whether our work involves sewer lines or nuclear power plants, reﬁneries or oil pipelines, our goal is to improve the performance, safety and longevity of the world’s infrastructure. Our analysis also led us—for the ﬁrst time in our Company’s history—to articulate the values we share. These core values are important because they provide a common framework for internal, day-to-day decision making. But they have broader implications for our customers and our stockholders as well. As this year’s annual report illustrates, these core values deﬁne who we are. They impact where we’re going. They make us a better Company. FINANCIAL HIGHLIGHTS 2 0 1 5 2 0 1 4 2 0 1 3 2 0 1 2 2 0 1 1 (IN THOUSANDS, EXCEPT PER SHARE DATA) FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31 Revenue Gross Profit $ 1,333,570 $ 1,331,421 $ 1,091,420 $ 1,016,831 $ 925,766 275,787 279,983 247,021 243,754 202,679 Operating Income (Loss) 19,946 (19,812) 66,882 81,803 45,707 Income (Loss) From Continuing Operations (8,067) (33,320) 50,812 54,374 27,134 Income From Continuing Operations (non-GAAP)1 47,233 52,202 49,451 57,064 37,460 Net Income (Loss) (8,067) (37,167) 44,351 52,661 26,547 Diluted Earnings (Loss) Per Share Income (Loss) Per Share From Continuing Operations Income Per Share From Continuing Operations (non-GAAP)1 (0.22) (0.88) 1.30 1.37 0.68 1.28 1.37 1.27 1.44 0.94 Net Income (Loss) Per Share (0.22) (0.98) 1.13 1.33 Operating Cash Flow From Continuing Operations $ 132,023 $ 81,868 $ 88,065 $ 110,951 $ 0.67 22,149 1 For 2015, 2014, 2013, 2012 and 2011, non-GAAP amounts exclude, as applicable, restructuring charges, goodwill and deﬁnite-lived intangible asset impairment charges, reserves for disputed and long-dated receivables, litigation settlement, acquisition-related escrow settlements, acquisition-related expenses, prior debt redemption expenses and joint venture and divestiture activity (non-GAAP); see reconciliation on pages A-1, A-2 and A-3. Aegion Corporation Annual Report | 2 DEAR FELLOW STOCKHOLDERS: I completed my ﬁrst full year as CEO at Aegion in 2015. In reviewing our performance, I am proud of what we have accomplished. The story of 2015 is not just one of proving our strength by demonstrating earnings resiliency in an increasingly volatile global economy. It was also a year when we made investments for long-term sustainable growth. These efforts consisted of strategic initiatives that position us for expanded market penetration. We also took steps to improve efﬁciency and strengthen our relationships with customers, and we developed and introduced our new mission and core values to employees. All of these actions provide a way for us to collectively focus on executing and delivering results that matter to our stockholders. OUR MISSION Aegion keeps infrastructure working better, safer and longer for customers throughout the world. OUR TAGLINE Stronger. Safer. Infrastructure. Let me put our 2015 ﬁnancial results into perspective. Adjusted earnings per share of $1.28 is a solid result in this market environment. The strong performance we achieved in the nonenergy portions of our Company represented 74 percent of our adjusted operating income compared to 39 percent in 2013, the last full year before the steep decline in oil prices. We executed our restructuring and realignment plan, which began in the fall of 2014, and exited municipal sewer rehabilitation contracting operations in several smaller international markets, merged the Fyfe business with Insituform and downsized our pipe coating facility in southern Louisiana. This restructuring effort was extremely successful, as we achieved the high end of the expected annual savings of $0.20 per share. The strengthening of the U.S. dollar had a signiﬁcant impact on our reported ﬁnancial result, but not our operating performance. When you exclude the effects of currency translation, which represented $0.12 per share, our adjusted operating income in 2015 was basically the same as in 2014, when energy markets were much stronger. Finally, in October 2015, we strengthened our ﬁnancial position by locking in low interest rates and adding ﬁnancing ﬂexibility through a new credit facility with our ﬁnancial institutions. We now have more capabilities to invest for growth and return cash to Aegion’s stockholders. By the second quarter of 2015, it became apparent that low oil and gas prices would create a longer-term structural change in the North American upstream energy market. As the longer-term outlook became clearer, we began to reposition for the challenges we expect in 2016 and beyond. We took action in early 2016 to reduce our exposure in high-cost oil extraction regions and streamline our cost structure within the Energy Services platform, at Corrpro and at the corporate level. The restructuring plan is expected to save approximately $15 million in annual costs. The challenging realities of the energy and mining markets compel us to continue to examine, and potentially reshape, our portfolio as we move forward in 2016 and beyond. 2015 OPERATING RESULTS Our ability to limit the earnings decline in the face of a 75 percent reduction in oil prices and strengthening of the U.S. dollar speaks to the diversity of our Company and the success of the restructuring and realignment actions we took in 2014 and 2015. Consolidated revenues were $1.3 billion in 2015, up 0.2 percent compared to 2014, which included $35 million in contracting revenues from the international operations we exited in early 2015. Our adjusted operating income declined $6 million, or 7 percent, to $79 million, due entirely to the impact of lower currency translation on our international operations in 2015. The decline in foreign currency rates against the U.S. dollar masked the favorable results from some of our key international operations, most notably Canada. INFRASTRUCTURE SOLUTIONS PLATFORM Our Infrastructure Solutions platform delivered another outstanding performance with revenues of $556 million in 2015, which was accomplished despite our exit from certain international municipal contracting markets in early 2015. Adjusted operating income grew 33 percent to $59 million. Adjusted operating margins expanded by 280 basis points to 10.6 percent. This improved proﬁtability is attributable largely to a $12 million reduction in adjusted operating expenses produced largely by eliminating overhead in our European and Asia-Paciﬁc operations, the integration of Fyfe and Insituform and controlling costs across the platform. The Asia-Paciﬁc business had a strong year driven by Insituform contracting results in Australia and Fyfe/Fibrwrap performance across the region. Note: for 2015 and 2014, adjusted results, as applicable, exclude restructuring charges, goodwill and deﬁnite-lived intangible asset impairment charges, reserves for disputed and long-dated receivables, litigation settlement, acquisition-related escrow settlements, acquisition-related expenses, prior debt redemption expenses and joint venture and divestiture activity (non-GAAP); see reconciliation on pages A-1, A-2 and A-3. 3 | Aegion Corporation Annual Report AEGION is a specialty services and construction company that applies unique technologies to maintain and rehabilitate our customers’ infrastructure, primarily for the energy and municipal markets. We seek innovation — both inside and outside of our Company — to protect, strengthen and expand our market leadership position. Aegion’s business model provides solutions to our customers’ problems by combining market-leading technologies with trained ﬁeld service organizations to safely and reliably implement our innovative solutions in the ﬁeld. Insituform North America delivered its third straight year of increasing revenues and proﬁts. Gross margins also increased, driven by strong execution and lower resin and fuel prices. Fyfe/ Fibrwrap North America continued on its positive trajectory, turning a strong proﬁt and recording improvements in safety, estimating, project management and DSOs. We continue to focus and reﬁne our sales efforts to achieve the growth rates we believe are possible for the business over the long term. CORROSION PROTECTION PLATFORM The Corrosion Protection platform beneﬁtted from much-improved performance by our Louisiana Bayou facility, which beneﬁtted from a number of sizeable coating and insulation projects that were performed during the year. While we expect the pipe coating market along the Gulf Coast to contract in 2016, we are very pleased to have been awarded a signiﬁcant deepwater pipe coating and insulation project valued at over $130 million in December 2015. We will introduce a ﬁrst-of-its-kind insulation technology to provide pipeline ﬂow assurance at depths exceeding 7,000 feet. Our Canadian Corrpro cathodic protection business also had an exceptionally strong year, increasing both revenues and proﬁts by narrowing its focus and offering more diverse services. However, the Corrosion Protection platform also faced upstream challenges in 2015. Market activity for United Pipeline Systems’ pipelining business remained below historic levels. In Western Canada’s upstream market, customers also continued to reduce expenditures, lowering demand for our Bayou Perma-Pipe Canada pipe coatings business. Based on our assessment of the business’s longer-term outlook, in December 2015, we made the decision to sell our interests in the Bayou Perma-Pipe Canada joint venture to our partner. The transaction closed in February 2016. Taken altogether, platform revenues declined 4 percent to $438 million, and adjusted operating income declined 58 percent to $12 million. ENERGY SERVICES PLATFORM The Energy Services platform experienced mixed success in 2015. Strong performance by the downstream reﬁnery business resulted in platform revenues of nearly $340 million and adjusted operating income of $9 million. Buoyed by the higher margins gained by lower feedstock costs and market pricing, the Energy Services platform beneﬁtted in 2015 from West Coast reﬁners requiring more maintenance work to operate at high-capacity utilization as well as completing several scheduled facility shutdowns. This activity partially offset the challenges in our higher-margin Central California and Permian Basin upstream markets, which represented approximately 32 percent of the Energy Services platform’s 2015 revenues. Upstream customers’ continued efforts in late 2015 to reduce costs through tighter control of capital and maintenance spending, which culminated in the Energy Services platform losing two key upstream contracts totaling over $70 million. Based on the loss of these two contracts, we signiﬁcantly reduced our presence in the Bakersﬁeld upstream market. Going forward, the Energy Services platform will primarily focus on growing the downstream maintenance business and improving margins through the addition of higher value-added services. STRATEGIC INITIATIVES We have a long history of leveraging our leadership position to solve difﬁcult customer problems. I am particularly excited by the opportunities before us. Strategic initiatives are now underway to enhance our position in three markets with higher-than-average growth potential for Aegion. Municipal Pressure Pipe – Our opportunity in the trenchless pressure pipe rehabilitation market and, in particular, the potable water market has historically been limited by the technical envelope of our solutions. In early 2016, we invested $85 million to acquire Underground Solutions, Inc., which has developed a patented fusible PVC technology for pressure pipe applications. We expect this acquisition to be accretive to our GAAP earnings per share in 2016. We are also taking steps to penetrate this growing market by improving our existing Insituform® products and expanding the use of our Fibrwrap® technology. These pressure pipe technologies are expected to generate revenues of $90 million in 2016. Aegion Corporation Annual Report | 4 Oil & Gas Midstream Pipelines – In addition to our unique portfolio of pipeline protection coatings, linings and cathodic protection systems, our Corrosion Protection platform employs professionals who specialize in conducting the surveys, soil tests and other government-mandated pipeline integrity inspection services that ensure safe pipeline operations. With our asset integrity management initiative, we intend to translate the valuable information we provide into a nimble, actionable digital format. We are currently working to build a complete, geospatial information system-driven program that digitizes and manages pipe data and provides the real-time results midstream companies can use to support both internal and external audits. We are also looking for complementary technologies and services to expand Corrpro’s capabilities to meet the needs of our customers. Our goal is full pipeline risk mitigation — to prevent problems before they can occur — with solutions that enable us to serve our customers for the full life cycle of their assets. Reﬁning & Petrochemical Facilities – The work our Energy Services platform performs in the West Coast downstream reﬁning market has historically been built around critically important but relatively low-margin maintenance contracts. Given the breadth of complementary services available from other Aegion companies, including Fyfe/Fibrwrap and Corrpro, we have the opportunity to further embed ourselves with these customers by providing more engineering, project management and other value-added, higher-margin services. We will also look to expand our capabilities in other areas that add value to our customers, at higher margins. In 2015, we saw some success in growing our turnaround business, participating in 16 scheduled plant shutdown projects throughout the year. Our 2015 acquisition of Schultz Mechanical Contractors enables us to provide labor through the building trades in accordance with new California legislation and further supports this initiative. 2016 OUTLOOK Looking ahead, it’s clear that challenges remain, but the diversity of Aegion’s technologies and services offerings and the markets we serve will continue to help us address and weather them. We have a strong team, a growing portfolio of solutions and the strategic positioning to take advantage of key market trends in each of our platforms. We anticipate that favorable end-market conditions will continue for the Infrastructure Solutions platform. We are excited by the growth opportunities we see in the trenchless wastewater and pressure pipe rehabilitation markets, the Energy Services platform’s downstream market and Corrpro’s midstream pipeline market — each of which is a focus of our growth initiatives. Longer term, we believe our portfolio of technologies and services, in combination with our strategic initiatives, will deliver sustainable organic growth. 2016 will be a challenging year for Aegion as our oil and gas customers enter the second year of low oil prices. However, our Gulf Coast deepwater pipe coating and insulation project is a good reminder that much work is yet to be done to support the world’s long-term energy needs. We believe we can achieve results in line with 2015 as we continue to align Aegion with the new realities of the energy and mining industries. Growing topline revenues in low-growth environments requires our sales teams to have a laser focus on how our technologies and services improve our customers’ results. We have taken signiﬁcant steps to assure that our sales professionals continue to improve and always represent our customers’ perspectives to the Aegion team. Joe Foley, a 40-plus-year sales veteran, was brought on as chief sales ofﬁcer in early 2016 to lead these efforts and to drive best sales practices companywide. Aegion’s culture is based on the ﬁve core values included in this annual report. These values are a rallying point for all of our employees as we transition to a market-driven, customer-focused organization that improves every day. To support two of our values, BE BETTER and WE SOLVE PROBLEMS, and to show our employees how to put all of our values into action, the Company has embarked on a continuous improvement program based on lean principles called The Aegion Way. Our goal is to empower every employee to use a standard, scientiﬁc method to examine our processes and improve efﬁciency across all areas of our Company. The focus of the entire organization on driving results through our values should generate long-term organic growth at Aegion. There are no shortcuts. In spite of the ongoing headwinds, I’m excited about Aegion’s prospects as we continue to put our collective energy toward meeting the expectations of our customers, stockholders, employees and the communities we serve. Thank you for your continued support. We look forward to a successful 2016. Charles R. Gordon President & CEO Aegion Corporation 5 | Aegion Corporation Annual Report DAVID A. MARTIN Executive Vice President & Chief Financial Ofﬁcer CHARLES R. GORDON President & Chief Executive Ofﬁcer DAVID F. MORRIS Executive Vice President, General Counsel & Chief Administrative Ofﬁcer JOHN D. HUHN Senior Vice President, & Chief Strategy Ofﬁcer Aegion Corporation Annual Report | 6 ZERO INCIDENTS Every Aegion employee is expected to deliver best-in-class safety performance at all times. WE VALUE SAFETY Always forward thinking, we are invested in a continuous improvement process to increase the safety of our employees, our customers and the communities where we work and live. Nothing is more important than the safety of our employees. Aegion’s safety-ﬁrst mindset fuels our pursuit of a zero-incident culture. 7 | Aegion Corporation Annual Report 0.21 Our Energy Services platform’s average total recordable incident rate for the last seven years. TRIR is used by companies to evaluate their safety performance. The national average for construction is 3.6. ARE POSSIBLE 140,000 A top-tier safety program is nonnegotiable in a top-tier company. STATING THE OBVIOUS We have said it before, and we will say it again and again and again: a strong safety culture is our ﬁrst and most important value. It is not only the right thing to do for our employees, our customers and the communities where we work, but it also directly impacts our ability to work with industrial, oil, gas and nuclear companies. We believe all incidents can be prevented. We continued in 2015 to systematically identify and eliminate potential hazards through our near miss program, conduct monthly safety culture day visits, increase crew safety audit scores, strictly enforce safety procedures and continuously monitor safety performance. Number of Aegion Health & Safety Observation Reports completed in 2015 Every time Aegion employees spot a workplace hazard or “near miss,” they document it in an HSOR, which is added to a database we use to identify trends and improve workplace safety companywide. Our analysis of 2015 HSORs resulted in Focus Four 2016, the safety improvement initiative adopted by all our platforms. It’s built on four themes critical to an incident-free workplace: leadership, hand safety, hazard recognition and tool/equipment safety. VALUES IN ACTION Behind the wheel: going on the defensive An analysis of Aegion’s automobile loss data found that in years when Aegion drivers completed both classroom AND hands-on defensive driving instruction, auto losses plummeted compared to when they received only classroom instruction. Beginning in 2016, Aegion drivers will begin a new defensive driving course that includes hands-on training. 92% The rate by which our Corrosion Protection platform reduced annual automobile and workers’ compensation losses between 2011 and 2015. Aegion Corporation Annual Report | 8 DOO WHATWWHAT’S RIGRIGHT Honesty and integrity guide our decision making, our actions and our relationships with our customers, stockholders and communities. THE RIGHT THING We value the strengths, experiences and contributions of others and respect each one’s dignity and worth. By always choosing to do what is right, we remain fair and ethical in even the most difﬁcult situations. We hold ourselves to a higher standard that helps differentiate us in the marketplace. 9 | Aegion Corporation Annual Report EXPECTING MORE OF OURSELVES Aegion employees are encouraged to Do What’s Right in every situation. Corrpro Canada Engineer Abraham Falola took action on his way to work one morning in 2015 when he came upon the scene of an accident involving an SUV and a semi-trailer truck. He instinctively pulled to the side of the road, placed safety cones behind his truck and made an emergency call for help. Then, using his training in ﬁrst aid and safety, he did what’s right. He gave his orange Corrpro safety jacket to another responder, who agreed to direct trafﬁc. Then he cleaned wounds and comforted the severely injured SUV driver while communicating with emergency dispatchers. Once the Royal Canadian Mounted Police arrived and he shared what he knew, Abraham again did what’s right. He got back in his truck and proceeded on to Winnipeg to his tank farm inspection project. Stop Work Authority When Aegion employees are on the clock, they have Stop Work Authority. That means our employees are all authorized, empowered and required to stop work whenever they believe a condition, task or activity is unsafe — regardless of who may be involved. And they aren’t to resume work until all is again safe. VALUES IN ACTION Thinking outside the platform The First 10-Feet Rule When CH2M Engineering was evaluating solutions for rehabilitating a nearly 3.5-mile-long, large-diameter sanitary sewer force main in Tredyffrin Township near Valley Forge, Pennsylvania, it looked to Aegion’s Infrastructure Solutions platform for help. Because the project crossed a national park, the National Park Service wished to minimize digging and disruption. Thinking outside their own platform, our professionals thought of United Pipeline Systems’ Tite Liner® tight-ﬁtting thermoplastic solution. In this special case, it was determined to be less disruptive and more economical than cured-in-place pipe. So the Infrastructure Solutions platform did what’s right and introduced their customer to United. Following a competitive bidding process, United was awarded the project. Work is scheduled to begin in early 2016. When excavating underground, the last thing a crew wants to ﬁnd is an unidentiﬁed pipe. That’s why engineers review blueprints and take other precautions before digging. But source information isn’t always reliable, as a team from our Corrosion Protection platform was reminded in 2015 when a drill rig it was operating along the Gulf Coast hit one such line. Our crew did what’s right: they stopped work and consulted with others on what became a new Aegion safety policy. Now, to protect unmarked utilities, the ﬁrst 10 feet of every Aegion dig is proven to be obstruction-free by using air- or water-driven excavation equipment or by probing. The crew that inspired the rule was also the ﬁrst to beneﬁt from it. When their project resumed two weeks later, the First 10- Feet Rule prevented the rupture of four additional unmarked pipes. Aegion Corporation Annual Report | 10 WE SOLVE PROBLEMS We support our customers’ success by understanding better than anyone how to identify and solve problems. INNOVATION HAPPENS HERE We believe that problem solving requires looking at challenges and opportunities from fresh perspectives. Our reliance on sound business processes and practices and effective, efﬁcient use of resources leads to solutions that exceed expectations. 11 | Aegion Corporation Annual Report STRETCHING BEYOND WHAT WE KNOW TO WHAT IS POSSIBLE The better we know our customers, the better able we are to solve their problems. We have established strong relationships with customers who trust us enough to share the nuances of the challenges they face. The insights we gain from these deep relationships inform our efforts to develop or acquire new solutions that strengthen our portfolio and address evolving needs. That’s what happened in our West Coast downstream market, where we have developed a unique position in providing ongoing maintenance services for the downstream industry. We are leveraging this position by growing our activities for essential turnaround services for these customers. But our customers are not the only ones who beneﬁt from our problem-solving skills. For example, anticipating an increase in interest rates in 2015, our ﬁnancial team was proactive in securing a credit facility that enables us to maintain a strong balance sheet. Another example of creative problem solving by our manufacturing team resulted in a $3 million reduction in Fyfe/Fibrwrap’s inventory. These are just two examples. Whether working in the ﬁeld, at a customer’s facility or in a branch or corporate ofﬁce, we solve problems, large and small, every single day. 2015 CHAIRMAN’S INNOVATION AWARD WINNER A new structural fabric for pressure pipe applications is the winner of Aegion’s 2015 Chairman’s Award for Innovation. Developed by Fyfe’s Jon Whitledge, Rey Ortiz and Diego Flores, this multi-layer fabric composite expands our capabilities in the municipal water and nuclear power industries. When used in combination with a special epoxy resin, it provides the strength, chemical resistance and long-term durability of the advanced composite material. The material has been applied commercially in test installations to certify the product. VALUES IN ACTION 7,200 feet below sea level For Shell Offshore, Inc., the next frontier for oil production is beneath the ocean ﬂoor in the ultra-deep water of the Mississippi Canyon. Located 80 miles from the Louisiana coast, Shell’s Appomattox project will extract crude oil at a water depth of 7,200 feet and well depth of approximately 25,000 feet, where the pressure is immense and the oil is hot — up to 400°F. Shell chose Aegion’s Bayou subsidiary to install a special insulation system that will enable its production pipelines to operate in demanding conditions and meet Shell’s ﬂow assurance requirements. In development for more than two years, the highly innovative Appomattox insulation system, ACS™ HT-200, will be installed at Bayou’s new advanced coatings facility beginning in 2016. Aegion Corporation Annual Report | 12 RESULTS MATTER We own the consequences of our actions and realize we are ultimately accountable to our customers, stockholders and each other. THE BUCK STARTS HERE We approach our work with an understanding that “I own it and am completely responsible for the outcome.” Although our Company has many parts, we share a common mission, which requires us to collaborate and stretch so we can maximize our potential and realize the proﬁtable growth our stockholders expect. 13 | Aegion Corporation Annual Report Revenue increase achieved in 2015, compared to 2014, by our Canadian Corrpro business in a market hit hard by the declining price of oil 13x Corrpro has long delivered cathodic protection solutions for oil & gas pipelines. But when faced with market volatility and evolving Canadian pipeline regulations, it didn’t retreat. Instead, it partnered with a Canadian contractor, diversiﬁed its services and introduced a complete turnkey AC mitigation solution. It was just what the owners of these highly regulated pipelines were looking for. The rate by which a contract value increased at a Chicago school after Fyfe/Fibrwrap repositioned itself in the market Fyfe/Fibrwrap historically saw itself as a specialty contractor that strengthened structures using its innovative ﬁber-reinforced polymer (FRP) solutions. But that work is often only a part of many of the contracts it pursues. By adding other services, it can now take on the full scope of many projects. As a result, a $150,000 FRP project at a Chicago school grew to a $2 million contract, and a $50,000 FRP bridge repair increased to a $600,000 refurbishment. THE BOTTOM LINE We are accountable for everything we say and do, and we mean everything. Make no mistake: ﬁnancial results matter. Proﬁt is the fuel that powers growth. But other results also matter. Safety, quality, productivity, R&D, marketing, sales and project management results impact the bottom line. So do results related to client satisfaction and employee retention. Aegion continually measures its performance in these and other areas. These results enable us to identify what is working and adjust what is not. They are helping us navigate challenging energy markets and a strong U.S. dollar. They have emboldened us to embrace new opportunities in some markets and shift our pricing strategies and product offerings in others. VALUES IN ACTION The Infrastructure Solutions platform reduced its receivables by $20 million in 2015 with continuous focus on processes to improve billings and collections. This resulted in a 19 percent improvement for the platform in days sales outstanding (DSO) from 2014. The faster we collect customer payments, the sooner we can use the cash to fund investments, acquisitions, debt repayments, stock repurchases and other activities. Taken together, as of December 31, 2015, Aegion’s DSO was 791, down from 82 a year earlier. Overall, there is a cultural shift at Aegion to address DSOs, and we expect to see improvement across all platforms in 2016. DAYS SALES OUTSTANDING 108 103 92 25% REDUCTION 82 791 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 1 Excludes deposits received on our deepwater pipe coating and insulation project at our Bayou Louisiana advanced coating facility. Aegion Corporation Annual Report | 14 BE BETTER We never settle for the status quo, and we strive each day to do better and to be better for each other and for our customers. ALWAYS IMPROVING Our goals for professional growth are tied to our goals for proﬁtable growth. That means we must continuously improve our ability to contribute and innovate, with the end goal of operational excellence and market leadership. Success is never taken for granted as we work each day to stay ahead. 15 | Aegion Corporation Annual Report GIS Geospatial Information System We are in the process of creating a new system that will enable us to collect, report and analyze asset integrity data and upload it to our clients’ asset management systems, eventually all in real time. The increase in production capacity of our Batesville felting department after a $1.5 million investment. 20% RAISING THE BAR When we know better, we do better. Aegion keeps infrastructure working better, safer and longer for customers throughout the world. That is our mission. But it involves more than meets the eye. To support our customers’ success, we must be better than anyone at identifying their emerging needs and ﬁnding ways to address them. That requires all of us — engineering, sales, estimators, manufacturing and operations — working together as a team. Listening to our customers. Evaluating risks. Engineering out unnecessary costs. Developing reporting tools that inform decision making. Raising performance standards. Improving safety and quality. In a nutshell, it means practicing our values daily and allowing a BE BETTER mindset to drive decisions in every corner of our business. Smart pipelines are next Based on requests from customers, our Corrosion Protection platform is bringing the “Internet of Things” to pipelines. That means converting the government-mandated pipeline integrity inspection services we provide to a new digital format. Using a geospatial information system (GIS), this new technology platform will provide our customers with better access to the information they need to assure pipeline integrity and comply with government regulations. Rollout is expected in 2016. VALUES IN ACTION Better in Batesville Most of Insituform’s products are manufactured in Batesville, Mississippi, in a lean, ISO 9001:2008-certiﬁed plant that continues to improve process output and quality. In 2015, a $1.5 million investment to improve efﬁciency in our Batesville felting department netted a 20 percent increase in production capacity. In the coating department, a $200,000 upgrade enabled us to move more production in-house at a savings of $300,000. Aegion Corporation Annual Report | 16 OUR VALUES BECOME OUR DESTINY. ZERO INCIDENTS ARE POSSIBLE. DO WHAT’S RIGHT. WE SOLVE PROBLEMS. RESULTS MATTER. BE BETTER. SOME THINGS BEAR REPEATING According to the Rule of Seven, you need to see or hear a message at least seven times before you take it to heart. Of course, the number seven isn’t cast in stone. The rule is just a reminder that ideas must be reinforced over and over if they are to become part of who we are. We don’t just tell our employees about the core values that deﬁne Aegion, we put our money where our mouth is. Employees are now evaluated on their success in incorporating these values into their daily work routines, from the way they approach problems on the job to how they interact with coworkers. Mechanisms are in place for sharing ideas and experiences, learning from others and rewarding success. 17 | Aegion Corporation Annual Report In 2016, we will introduce every employee to The Aegion Way, our new method for achieving continuous improvement. This next step will provide our employees the steps they need to put our values into action at work every day. Aegion is today a stronger, healthier company than it was a year ago. This is due in no small part to our employees’ willingness to embrace our core values. By living them each day, we are creating our destiny. We’re adding value to our company. And we’re fulﬁlling our mission to keep infrastructure working better, safer and longer for customers throughout the world. UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549 FORM 10-K (Mark One) ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2015 or TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 For the transition period from to Commission File Number: 001-35328 Aegion Corporation (Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter) (State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.) Delaware 45-3117900 17988 Edison Avenue, Chesterfield, Missouri (Address of principal executive offices) 63005-1195 (Zip Code) Registrant’s telephone number, including area code: (636) 530-8000 Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act: Title of each class Class A Common Shares, $.01 par value Name of each exchange on which registered The Nasdaq Global Select Market Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: None Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yes No Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 of 15(d) of the Act. Yes No Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes No Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files). Yes No Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K(§229.405 of this chapter) is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best of registrant’s knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to this Form 10-K. Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company. Large accelerated filer Accelerated filer Non-accelerated filer Smaller reporting company Indicate by checkmark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes No State the aggregate market value of the voting and non-voting common equity held by non-affiliates computed by reference to the price at which the common equity was last sold, or the average bid and asked price of such common equity, as of June 30, 2015: $686,155,345. There were 35,360,607 shares of Class A common stock, $.01 par value per share, outstanding at February 22, 2016. DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE As provided herein, portions of the documents below are incorporated by reference: Document Registrant’s Proxy Statement for the 2016 Annual Meeting of Stockholders Part — Form 10-K Part III TABLE OF CONTENTS PART I Item 1. Business Item 1A. Risk Factors Item 1B. Unresolved Staff Comments Item 2. Properties Item 3. Legal Proceedings Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosure Item 4A. Executive Officers of the Registrant PART II Item 5. Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities Item 6. Selected Financial Data Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data INDEX TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS Item 9. Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure Item 9A. Controls and Procedures Item 9B. Other Information PART III Item 10. Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance Item 11. Executive Compensation Item 12. Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters Item 13. Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence Item 14. Principal Accountant Fees and Services PART IV Item 15. Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules SIGNATURES 1 2 16 28 28 29 29 29 30 33 34 61 63 63 107 107 107 108 108 108 108 108 109 110 Note About Forward-Looking Information The Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 provides a “safe harbor” for forward-looking statements. We make forward-looking statements in this Annual Report on Form 10-K that represent our beliefs or expectations about future events or financial performance. These forward-looking statements are based on information currently available to us and on management’s beliefs, assumptions, estimates and projections and are not guarantees of future events or results. When used in this report, the words “anticipate,” “estimate,” “believe,” “plan,” “intend,” “may,” “will” and similar expressions are intended to identify forward-looking statements, but are not the exclusive means of identifying such statements. Such statements are subject to known and unknown risks, uncertainties and assumptions, including those referred to in the “Risk Factors” section of this Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2015. In light of these risks, uncertainties and assumptions, the forward-looking events discussed may not occur. In addition, our actual results may vary materially from those anticipated, estimated, suggested or projected. Except as required by law, we do not assume a duty to update forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise. Investors should, however, review additional disclosures made by us from time to time in our periodic filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission. Please use caution and do not place reliance on forward-looking statements. All forward-looking statements made by us in this Annual Report on Form 10-K are qualified by these cautionary statements. Item 1. Business PART I Unless otherwise indicated, the terms “Aegion Corporation,” “Aegion,” “the Company,” “we,” “our” and “us” are used in this report to refer to Aegion Corporation or one of our consolidated subsidiaries or to all of them taken as a whole. We are incorporated in the State of Delaware. We maintain executive offices at 17988 Edison Avenue, Chesterfield, Missouri 63005. Our telephone number is (636) 530-8000 or toll free at (800) 325-1159. Our website address is Aegion.com. Our common shares, $.01 par value, are traded on The Nasdaq Global Select Market under the symbol “AEGN”. Our fiscal year ends on December 31 of each calendar year. Overview We are a global leader in infrastructure protection and maintenance, providing proprietary technologies and services: (i) to protect against the corrosion of industrial pipelines; (ii) to rehabilitate and strengthen water, wastewater, energy and mining piping systems as well as buildings, bridges, tunnels and other commercial and industrial structures; and (iii) to utilize integrated professional services in engineering, procurement, construction, maintenance and turnaround services for a broad range of energy related industries. Our business activities include manufacturing, distribution, maintenance, construction, installation, coating and insulation, cathodic protection, research and development and licensing. Our products and services are currently utilized and performed in approximately 80 countries across six continents. We believe that the depth and breadth of our products and services platform make us a leading “one-stop” provider for the world’s infrastructure rehabilitation and protection needs. Our Company is primarily built on the premise that it is possible to use technology to extend the structural design life and maintain, if not improve, the performance of infrastructure, mostly pipe. We are proving that this expertise can be applied in a variety of markets to protect pipelines in oil, gas, nuclear, mining, wastewater and water applications and extending this to the rehabilitation and maintenance of commercial structures and the provision of professional services in energy-related industries. Many types of infrastructure must be protected from the corrosive and abrasive materials that pass through or near them. Our expertise in non-disruptive corrosion engineering and abrasion protection is now wide-ranging, opening new markets for growth. We have a long history of product development and intellectual property management. We manufacture most of the engineered solutions we create as well as the specialized equipment required to install them. Finally, decades of experience give us an advantage in understanding municipal, energy, mining, industrial and commercial customers. Strong customer relationships and brand recognition allow us to support the expansion of existing and innovative technologies into new high growth end markets. We originally incorporated in Delaware in 1980 to act as the exclusive United States licensee of the Insituform® cured-in- place pipe (“CIPP”) process, which Insituform’s founder invented in 1971. The Insituform® CIPP process served as the first trenchless technology for rehabilitating sewer pipelines and has enabled municipalities and private industry to avoid the extraordinary expense and extreme disruption that can result from conventional “dig-and-replace” methods. For the past 40 years we have maintained our leadership position in the CIPP market from manufacturing to technological innovations and market share. In order to strengthen our ability to service the emerging demands of the infrastructure protection market and to better position our Company for sustainable growth, we embarked on a diversification strategy in 2009 to expand our product and service portfolio and our geographical reach. Through a series of strategic initiatives and key acquisitions, we now possess a 2 broad portfolio of cost-effective solutions for rehabilitating and maintaining aging or deteriorating infrastructure, protecting new infrastructure from corrosion worldwide and providing integrated professional services in engineering, procurement, construction, maintenance, and turnaround services for oil companies, primarily in the downstream market. Recognizing that the breadth of our offerings expanded beyond our flagship Insituform® brand, which constituted less than half of our revenue in 2011, we reorganized Insituform Technologies, Inc. (“Insituform”), our parent company at the time, into a new holding company structure in October 2011. Aegion became the new parent company and Insituform became a wholly owned subsidiary of Aegion. Aegion reflects our mission of extending our leadership capabilities to furnish products and services to provide: (i) long-term protection for water and wastewater pipes, oil and gas pipelines and infrastructure as well as commercial and governmental structures and transportation infrastructure; and (ii) integrated professional services to energy companies. Our Long-Term Strategy Aegion is committed to being a valued partner to our customers. We are focused on expanding those relationships by improving execution in all that we do while also developing or acquiring innovative technologies and comprehensive services to enhance our capabilities to help our customers solve complex infrastructure problems. We are pursuing a number of strategic initiatives, including the following: • We seek to create a diverse portfolio of technologies to rehabilitate pipelines under pressure, primarily potable water, through both internal development and acquisitions to address our customers’ needs to maintain and improve their water and wastewater pipeline infrastructure. On February 18, 2016, we acquired Underground Solutions, Inc. adding a patented fusible PVC pipe technology to expand our presence in the pressure pipe market. We are also pursuing two internal R&D efforts to improve existing cured-in-place pipe rehabilitation products and develop a new technology specifically for the small diameter portion of the market. With our Fyfe/Fibrwrap® technology for large diameter pipelines, we plan to offer our customers a broader set of trenchless rehabilitation solutions in the years to come. • Our customers have a growing need to more accurately assess and manage their infrastructure assets. This is particularly the case in the midstream pipeline market given the need for safety, regulatory compliance and protecting the environment. We are investing to create an asset integrity program designed to increase the accuracy of the pipeline assessment data we collect today and upgrade how we share this valuable information with customers. We plan to use geospatial mapping software and data management systems to interface with the database systems most commonly used by our large customers. We are also creating a robust database repository to help other customers with their integrity management systems. Our ability to automate data gathering, storage and visualization can improve our efficiency in operations and standardize our proposals, processes and reporting format. We plan to offer new services that would allow data validation, enhanced analytics and predictive maintenance and also enhance customer regulatory compliance. • We strive to be a strong partner with our customers across the markets we serve. Our experience and expertise give us the ability to efficiently adopt new technologies and services to expand our abilities to solve the problems our customers face. Our strategy is to find value added and higher margin technologies and services, which complement our existing portfolio, expand our service offerings and give us the opportunity to strengthen our relationships with customers. • Aegion is committed to improving as a company and charting the right course for future growth. In 2015, we adopted a new set of core values that guide us toward our mission to keep infrastructure working better, safer and longer for our customers throughout the world. Two of these core values are centered on being better and solving problems, and we are focused on developing a continuous improvement culture, using LEAN principles and structure. In addition, we have recently hired a chief sales officer, to bring significant focus on our sales and marketing efforts across our various business platforms. Our Segments We have three operating segments, which are also our reportable segments: Infrastructure Solutions, Corrosion Protection and Energy Services. Our operating segments correspond to our management organizational structure. Each operating segment has leadership that reports to our chief executive officer, who is also the chief operating decision manager (“CODM”). The operating results and financial information reported by each of the segments are evaluated separately, reviewed regularly and used by the CODM to evaluate segment performance, allocate resources and determine management incentive compensation. Infrastructure Solutions – Aging urban infrastructure will require increasing rehabilitation and maintenance over the long term. While the pace of growth is primarily driven by government funding, the overall market needs result in a long-term stable growth opportunity for Aegion and its market leading brands, Insituform®, Fyfe®, Tyfo®, Fibrwrap®, Underground Solutions® and Fusible PVC®. We optimize our municipal rehabilitation and commercial infrastructure 3 operations by: (i) focusing on sales and operational excellence; (ii) adding new, innovative technologies and services through licensing or selective acquisitions; (iii) enhancing returns through product manufacturing and increased third- party product sales; and (iv) addressing the need in international markets with alternative business models, including licensing and product sales. Corrosion Protection – Investment in North America’s pipeline infrastructure is required to transport product from non-conventional oil and gas fields, the Gulf of Mexico deep-water reserves and the oil and gas shale reserves, to end markets in a safe and environmentally correct manner. Corrosion Protection has a broad portfolio of technologies and services to protect pipelines, including cathodic protection, linings, coatings and an increasing offering of inspection and repair capabilities. We provide solutions to customers to enhance the safety, environmental integrity, reliability and compliance of their pipelines in the oil and gas market. We will seek to license or acquire new technologies based on the needs of our customers, those of which would benefit from our market-leading presence and distribution channel. We are investing in systems and processes designed to make it easier for customers to do business with Aegion. This includes the development of an asset integrity program which is expected to increase the accuracy of data we collect, as well as improve the management information interfaces with our customers. Energy Services – With the continued development of conventional oil and gas reserves, North America will have competitive prices for refinery and petrochemical feedstocks. Energy Services offers a unique value proposition based on its world class safety and labor productivity programs, which allow us to provide cost effective maintenance, turnaround and construction services at our customers’ refineries and petrochemical facilities. We plan to enhance our market position through expanded service offerings to current customers. Today our diverse portfolio of full service solutions includes: Rehabilitation of Water and Wastewater Pipelines with Insituform® CIPP Products: Through our Infrastructure Solutions family of companies, we offer the manufacture and installation of cost-effective solutions to remediate operational, health, regulatory and environmental problems resulting from aging and defective water and wastewater pipelines. Our Insituform® CIPP product is a trenchless, jointless, seamless pipe-within-a-pipe solution to rehabilitate pipes in various diameters. Our Insituform® CIPP process provides a more affordable alternative to dig-and-replace methods and is a less disruptive and more environmentally friendly method for pipe repairs. As mentioned above, we have maintained our leadership position in the CIPP market through our ISO 9001:2008 certified manufacturing to technological innovations and market share for the past 40 years. Our Insituform® portfolio of products and services are utilized worldwide. Fusible Polyvinyl Chloride Products for Rehabilitation: On February 18, 2016, we closed on the acquisition of Underground Solutions, Inc. (“Underground Solutions”). Underground Solutions’ patented fusible polyvinyl chloride products focus on the rehabilitation of pressure pipelines, primarily in North America. Underground Solutions uniquely complements Infrastructure Solutions’ existing pressure pipe rehabilitation technologies (InsituMain®, InsituGuard® and Tyfo®/Fibrwrap®) and increases Aegion’s presence in the pressure pipe market. Fiber Reinforced Polymer Systems for Rehabilitation and Strengthening: Through our subsidiaries, Fyfe Co. LLC, Fibrwrap Construction Services, Inc. and other affiliated companies, we offer the manufacture and installation of fiber reinforced polymer (“FRP”) systems for strengthening, repair and restoration of masonry, concrete, steel and wooden infrastructures applicable worldwide. Our infrastructure markets include large diameter pipelines, buildings, bridges, tunnels, industrial developments and waterfront structures, of which the pipeline market currently makes up the most significant share. One of the key features of the Tyfo® Fibrwrap® FRP technology is its capability to withstand seismic and force loads, providing a unique advantage over conventional rehabilitation methods. Fibrwrap® FRP systems consist of the proprietary (or patented) and specialized Tyfo® carbon, glass, aramid and hybrid lightweight and low profile woven fabrics combined with the proprietary Tyfo® resin and epoxy polymers which, in unique combination, create the tested, proven and certified Fibrwrap® advanced composite systems. Fibrwrap® FRP systems are specifically engineered, manufactured and installed to solve a host of structural deficiencies or demands in existing structures. We offer personalized technical support to our customers through a highly trained structural engineering team that assists in all phases of a potential project, from the initial design to implementation and installation. While the majority of our FRP business is in North America, where we believe there is a growing addressable market, there is a growing acceptance of our products and services internationally, with particular focus in Southeast Asia. Cathodic Protection for Corrosion Engineering Control and Infrastructure Rehabilitation: Through our subsidiary, Corrpro Companies, Inc. and its affiliated companies (“Corrpro”), we offer corrosion protection solutions, most notably through cathodic protection, a time tested pipeline corrosion mitigation technology that is mandated by regulatory rules in many types of pipeline systems. We provide engineering and inspection services by National Association of Corrosion Engineers International (“NACE”) trained and certified inspectors (one of the largest independent consulting corrosion engineering organizations in the world), project management, training, research, testing and design, consultation and installation services to the following markets: pipeline, refinery, above and underground storage tanks, water/wastewater 4 structures, concrete infrastructure and offshore and marine structures. We also offer a full line of superior quality corrosion control and cathodic protection materials, which are ANSI/NSF 61 classified for drinking water system components. Through our acquisition of Hockway Middle East FZE in 2011, formation of a joint venture in Saudi Arabia in 2011 and formation of a branch office in Abu Dhabi in 2014, we have expanded our cathodic protection capabilities in the Middle East. Hockway offers a complete cathodic protection package from initial investigative survey through engineering design, manufacture of equipment, site installation and commissioning of systems with subsequent planned operational inspection and maintenance. Pipe Coatings for Corrosion Control and Prevention: Through our subsidiary, The Bayou Companies, LLC and its related entities (“Bayou”), we provide products and services to protect pipes primarily for the oil and gas industries from corrosion and to provide flow assurance. We accomplish this through external and internal coatings utilizing fusion bonded epoxy (“FBE”), concrete for buoyancy reduction, extruded polyethylene for additional protection, insulation coating for thermal control and field joint coating for corrosion protection of fittings, valves and other primary sources for metal corrosion. We also provide custom coating services on pipe bends, fittings, fabricated spools, valves and short runs of straight pipe for oil, gas and potable water services, as well as onshore or offshore fabrication and welding services. We also offer a proprietary robotic pipe coating and inspection technology for internal and external welded pipe field joints and rebar coating. Our cathodic protection and coatings products are applicable worldwide, with a focus on the Gulf of Mexico, the Canada Oil Sands, North America shale plays, the Middle East, South America, Latin America and Asia Pacific. HDPE Pipe Lining for Corrosion Control, Abrasion Protection and Pipeline Rehabilitation: Through our subsidiary United Pipeline Systems, Inc. and its affiliated companies (“United Pipeline Systems”), we provide polyethylene pipe lining solutions to the oil and gas, mining and chemical industrial pipeline markets. Our proprietary high-density polyethylene (“HDPE”) Tite Liner® installation system provides chemical, corrosion and erosion resistance for numerous pipeline applications. Our HDPE system can rehabilitate pipelines for a fraction of the cost and time associated with industrial pipeline replacement and has application in the rehabilitation of pressure pipes in the municipal marketplace. We offer our HDPE lining protection products and services worldwide, with a strategic focus of expanding our presence in key end markets with sustainable capital spend on oil, gas and mining activities. Construction and Maintenance of Oil and Gas Facilities: Through our Energy Services segment, which operates as Aegion Energy Services, we are a leading integrated service provider of maintenance, construction, engineering and turnaround activities for the oil and gas markets. Primarily focused on serving large oil and gas customers in California, Aegion Energy Services’ competitive advantages include its industry-leading safety record, a strong reputation for reliability and quality and comprehensive solutions needed for major refinery maintenance, repairs and retrofits. These core competencies position Aegion Energy Services to meet the growing demand for non-discretionary operating and maintenance expenditures. Strategic Initiatives and Key Acquisitions to Support our Diversification Strategy Restructuring Activities 2016 Restructuring On January 4, 2016, our board of directors approved a restructuring plan (the “2016 Restructuring”) to reduce our exposure to the upstream oil markets and to reduce consolidated annual expenses. As part of management’s ongoing assessment of our energy-related businesses, management determined that the persistent low price of oil is expected to create market challenges for the foreseeable future, including reduced customer spending in 2016. The 2016 Restructuring is expected to reposition Energy Services’ upstream operations in California, reduce Corrosion Protection’s upstream exposure by divesting our interest in a Canadian pipe coating joint venture, right-size Corrosion Protection to compete more effectively and reduce corporate and other operating costs. The 2016 Restructuring is expected to reduce annual operating costs by approximately $15.0 million, most of which is expected to be realized in 2016, primarily through headcount reductions and office closures. We expect to reduce headcount by approximately 652 employees, or 10.5% of our total workforce, and record estimated pre-tax charges, most of which are cash charges, of between $7.0 million to $9.0 million. The 2016 Restructuring charges are expected to be recorded primarily in the first quarter of 2016 and consist mainly of employee severance, extension of benefits, employment assistance programs, early lease termination and other non-cash costs. On February 1, 2016, we sold our 51% ownership in a Western Canada pipe coating joint venture as part of the effort to reduce our exposure in the North American upstream market. Additionally, we incurred goodwill impairment charges related to Energy Services. See the consolidated financial statements contained in this report for further information. 2014 Restructuring On October 6, 2014, our board of directors approved a realignment and restructuring plan (the “2014 Restructuring”) to improve gross margins and profitability over the long term by exiting low-return businesses and reducing the size and cost of our overhead structure. 5 The 2014 Restructuring generated annual operating cost savings of approximately $10.8 million, which was in-line with our initial estimate, and consisted of approximately $8.4 million and $2.4 million of recognized savings within Infrastructure Solutions and Corrosion Protection, respectively. We achieved these cost savings by (i) exiting certain unprofitable international locations for our Insituform business and consolidating our worldwide Fyfe business with the global Insituform business, all of which is in our Infrastructure Solutions platform; and (ii) eliminating certain idle facilities in our Bayou pipe coating operation in Louisiana, which is in Corrosion Protection. We have substantially completed all of the aforementioned objectives related to the 2014 Restructuring. 2014 Restructuring headcount reductions totaled 86 as of December 31, 2015. Remaining headcount reductions and cash costs related to the 2014 Restructuring are not expected to be material. In February 2015, and in connection with the 2014 Restructuring, we sold our wholly-owned subsidiary, Video Injection - Insituform SAS (“VII”), our French CIPP contracting operation, to certain employees of VII. In connection with the sale, we entered into a five-year exclusive tube supply agreement whereby VII will purchase liners from Insituform Lining. VII will also be entitled to continue to use its trade name based on a trade mark license granted for the same five-year time period. The sale resulted in a loss of approximately $2.9 million that was recorded to other income (expense) in the Consolidated Statement of Operations during the first quarter of 2015. See the consolidated financial statements contained in this report for further information. In December 2014, and in connection with the 2014 Restructuring, we sold our wholly-owned subsidiary, Ka-te Insituform AG (“Ka-te”), our Swiss contracting operation, to Marco Daetwyler Gruppe AG, a Swiss company. In connection with the sale, we entered into a five-year tube supply agreement whereby Ka-te will purchase liners from Insituform Lining. Ka-te will also be entitled to continue to use its trade name based on a trade mark license granted for the same five-year time period. The sale resulted in a loss of approximately $0.5 million that was recorded to other income (expense) in the Consolidated Statement of Operations during the fourth quarter of 2014. See the consolidated financial statements contained in this report for further information. Total pre-tax restructuring charges to date were $60.5 million ($44.9 million post-tax) and consisted of non-cash charges totaling $48.6 million and cash charges totaling $11.9 million. The non-cash charges of $48.6 million included (i) $22.2 million related to the impairment of certain long-lived assets and definite-lived intangible assets for Bayou’s pipe coating operation in Louisiana, which is reported in Corrosion Protection, and (ii) $26.4 million related to impairment of definite-lived intangible assets, allowances for accounts receivable, write-off of certain other current assets and long-lived assets, inventory obsolescence, as well as losses related to the sales of our CIPP contracting operations in France and Switzerland, which are reported in Infrastructure Solutions. Cash charges totaling $11.9 million included employee severance, retention, extension of benefits, employment assistance programs and other costs associated with the restructuring of Insituform’s European and Asia- Pacific operations and Fyfe’s worldwide business. While estimated remaining cash costs to be incurred in 2016 for the 2014 Restructuring are not expected to be material, we expect to incur additional non-cash charges in 2016, primarily related to potential reversals of cumulative translation adjustments, as we conclude the 2014 Restructuring. See Notes 1, 3 and 16 to the consolidated financial statements contained in this report for a detailed discussion regarding acquisitions, strategic initiatives and divestitures. Infrastructure Solutions Segment On February 18, 2016, we acquired Underground Solutions for a purchase price of $85.0 million plus an additional $5.3 million for the discounted value of the estimated tax benefits associated with Underground Solutions’ net operating loss carry forwards. Underground Solutions provides infrastructure technologies for water, sewer and conduit applications. See Note 16 to the consolidated financial statements contained in this report for further information. In June 2013, we sold our fifty percent (50%) interest in Insituform Rohrsanierungstechniken GmbH (“Insituform- Germany”) to Per Aarsleff A/S, a Danish company (“Aarsleff”). Insituform-Germany, a company that was jointly owned by Aegion and Aarsleff, is active in the business of no-dig pipe rehabilitation in Germany, Slovakia and Hungary. The sale price was €14 million, approximately $18.3 million. The sale resulted in a gain on the sale of approximately $11.3 million (net of $0.5 million of transaction expenses) recorded in other income (expense) on the consolidated statement of operations. In connection with the sale, Insituform-Germany also entered into a tube supply agreement with the Company whereby Insituform-Germany was obligated to purchase on an annual basis at least GBP 2.3 million, approximately $3.6 million, of felt CIPP liners during the two-year period from June 26, 2013 to June 30, 2015. The parties did not renew the tube supply agreement upon expiration. 6 Corrosion Protection Segment On February 1, 2016, we sold our fifty-one percent (51%) interest in our Canadian coating joint venture, Bayou Perma- Pipe Canada, Ltd. (“BPPC”), to our joint venture partner, Perma-Pipe Canada, Inc. (“Perma-Pipe”) for a sale price of US $9.6 million. Perma-Pipe owned the remaining forty-nine percent (49%) interest in BPPC and is owned by MFRI, Inc., an unaffiliated U.S. company. As a result of the sale, we recognized a pre-tax, non-cash charge of approximately $0.6 million at December 31, 2015 to reflect the expected loss on the sale of the business. BPPC served as our pipe coating and insulation operation in Canada. The sale of our interest in BPPC was part of a broader effort by Aegion to reduce its exposure in the North American upstream market in light of our expectation of a prolonged low oil price environment. On March 31, 2014, we sold our forty-nine percent (49%) interest in Bayou Coating, L.L.C. (“Bayou Coating”) to Stupp Brothers Inc. (“Stupp”), the holder of the remaining fifty-one percent (51%) interest in Bayou Coating. Stupp purchased the interest by exercising an existing option to acquire our interest in Bayou Coating at a purchase price equal to $9.1 million, which represented forty-nine percent (49%) of the book value of Bayou Coating as of December 31, 2013. Such book value was determined in accordance with the requirements of the joint venture agreement and was based on Bayou Coating’s federal information tax return for 2013 and approximated the book value of our investment in Bayou Coating as of December 31, 2013. We had previously received an indication from Stupp of its intent to exercise such option and, in the second quarter of 2013 in connection with such indication, we recognized a non-cash charge of $2.7 million ($1.8 million after tax) related to the goodwill allocated to the joint venture as part of the purchase price accounting associated with the 2009 acquisition of Bayou. The non-cash charge represented our then current estimate of the difference between the carrying value of the investment on the balance sheet and the amount we would receive in connection with the exercise. During the first quarter of 2014, the difference between our recorded gross equity in earnings of affiliated companies of $1.2 million and the final equity distribution settlement of $0.7 million resulted in a loss of $0.5 million. During the second quarter of 2013, our Board of Directors approved a plan of liquidation for our Bayou Welding Works (“BWW”) business in an effort to improve our overall financial performance and align the operations with our long-term strategic initiatives. BWW provided specialty welding and fabrication services from its facility in New Iberia, Louisiana. BWW ceased bidding new work and substantially completed all ongoing projects during the second quarter of 2013. As a result of the closure of BWW, we recognized a pre-tax, non-cash charge of $3.9 million ($2.4 million after tax) to reflect the impairment of goodwill and intangible assets. We also recognized additional pre-tax, non-cash impairment charges of $1.1 million ($0.7 million after tax) for equipment and other assets . During the fourth quarter of 2014, we completed final liquidation of BWW. Included within the final liquidation was the settlement of outstanding receivables with a single customer associated with a large fabrication project. The Company also incurred cash charges of $1.4 million related to certain professional fees incurred during dissolution as well as in connection with the settlement discussed above. This resulted in a recorded pre-tax charge of approximately $6.0 million within discontinued operations in 2014. Energy Services Segment On March 1, 2015, we acquired Schultz Mechanical Contractors, Inc. (“Schultz”), a California corporation. The total purchase price was $7.9 million and was funded by our cash reserves. Schultz primarily services customers in California and Arizona and is a provider of piping installations, concrete construction, and excavation and trenching services for the upstream and downstream oil and gas markets. On July 1, 2013, we acquired Brinderson L.P. and its affiliated entities (collectively, “Brinderson”). Brinderson is a leading integrated service provider of maintenance, construction, engineering and turnaround activities for the upstream and downstream oil and gas markets. Primarily focused on serving large oil and gas customers in California, Brinderson’s competitive advantages include its industry-leading safety record, a strong reputation for reliability and quality and comprehensive solutions needed for downstream major refinery maintenance, repairs and retrofits. These core competencies position Brinderson to meet the demand for non-discretionary operating and maintenance expenditures. The transaction purchase price was $150.0 million, which resulted in a cash purchase price at closing of $147.6 million after preliminary working capital adjustments and an adjustment to account for cash held in the business at closing. During the fourth quarter of 2014, we finalized the settlement of negotiated working capital for the Brinderson acquisition as well as escrow claims made pursuant to the purchase agreement. As a result of the settlement, we received proceeds of $5.5 million, $1.0 million of which was recorded as a purchase price adjustment related to working capital and the remaining $4.5 million was recorded as an offset to operating expense in the Consolidated Statement of Operations. Our Energy Services segment consists of Schultz and Brinderson. Available Information Our website is www.aegion.com. We make available on this website under “Investors – SEC,” free of charge, our proxy statements used in conjunction with stockholder meetings, annual reports on Form 10-K, quarterly reports on Form 10-Q, 7 current reports on Form 8-K and Section 16 beneficial ownership reports (as well as any amendments to those reports) as soon as reasonably practicable after we electronically file such material with, or furnish it to, the Securities and Exchange Commission. In addition, our Code of Ethics for our Chief Executive Officer, Chief Financial Officer and senior financial employees, our Code of Conduct applicable to all of our officers, directors and employees, our Corporate Governance Guidelines and our Board committee charters are available, free of charge, on our website under “Investors – Corporate Governance.” In addition, paper copies of these documents will be furnished to any stockholder, upon request, free of charge. Technologies Infrastructure Solutions Our Insituform®CIPP Process for the rehabilitation of sewers, pipelines and other conduits utilizes a custom-manufactured tube, or liner, made of synthetic fiber. After the tube is saturated (impregnated) with a thermosetting resin mixture, it is installed in the host pipe by various processes, and the resin is then cured, by heat using hot water or steam, forming a new rigid pipe within a pipe. Our iPlus® Infusion® Process is a trenchless method used for the rehabilitation of small-diameter sewer pipelines, whereby a felt liner is continuously impregnated with liquid, thermosetting resin through a proprietary process, after which the liner is pulled into the host pipe, inflated with air and cured with steam. Our iPlus® Composite Process is a trenchless method used for the rehabilitation of large-diameter sewer pipelines, where the felt liner is reinforced with carbon or glass fiber, impregnated with liquid, thermosetting resin, inverted into place and cured with hot water or steam. Our InsituMain® System is a cured-in-place pipe solution for pressure pipes. The InsituMain® System is for water mains and force mains up to 54-inches in diameter, can negotiate bends and is pressure-rated up to 150 psi. The InsituMain® System has also been certified as complying with ANSI/NSF Standard 61. Our InsituGuard®, InsituFlex® and InsituFold® processes are methods of rehabilitating transmission and distribution water mains using HDPE liners. Inserted into a new or existing pipeline by our proprietary installation processes, the liners are continuous and installed tightly against the inner wall of the host pipe, thereby isolating the flow stream from the host pipe wall and eliminating internal corrosion. Our Thermopipe® Lining System is a polyester-reinforced polyethylene lining system for the rehabilitation of distribution water mains. The factory-folded “C” shape liner is winched into the host pipe from a reel and reverted with air and steam. Once inflated and heated, the liner forms a close-fit within the host pipe, creating a jointless, leak-free lining system. Our Insituform RPP™ process is a trenchless technology used for the rehabilitation of sewer force mains and industrial pressure pipelines. The felt tube is reinforced with glass and impregnated with liquid, thermosetting resin, after which it is inverted with water and cured with hot water to form a structural, jointless pipe within the host pipe. Our Insituform PPL® process is a trenchless technology certified to NSF/ANSI Standard 61 used for the rehabilitation of drinking water and industrial pressure pipelines. A glass-reinforced liner is impregnated with an epoxy or vinyl ester resin, inverted with water and cured with hot water to form a jointless pipe lining within the host pipe. Sliplining is a method used to push or pull a new pipeline into an old one. With segmented sliplining, short segments of pipe are joined to form the new pipe. For gravity sewer rehabilitation, these short segments can often be joined in a manhole or access structure, eliminating the need for a large pulling pit. Our Sealing Method process is a method for providing re-connection to a ferrule of a service line from within the bore of a lined host pipe. Our UV/Glass Lining System is a cured in place pipe solution for small- to medium-diameter pipes utilizing a glass fiber tube that is impregnated with a resin sensitive to ultraviolet light or steam curing. The tube is pulled into place in the host pipe, inflated by air and cured via an ultraviolet light source or steam. Our Fusible PVC® technology contains proprietary PVC formulation that, when combined with its patented fusion process, results in a monolithic, fully-restrained, gasket-free, leak-free piping system. Fusible PVC® pipe products include, Fusible C-900®, Fusible C-905® and FPVC®. Fusible C-900® and Fusible C-905® both comply with the AWWA standards AWWA C900 and C905, respectively and are certified to NSF 61. Our Duraliner™ product is a unique, patented technology for pipeline renewal resulting in a “stand alone” structural lining. In addition, Duraliner™ provides an equivalent design-life of new PVC pipelines, thus qualifying the rehabilitated pipelines to be capitalized as new assets under the rules of GASB Statement 34. 8 Our ServiceGuard®Composite Pipe product combines the performance benefits of CPVC with the strength and durability of an aluminum core to offer the ultimate water service line pipe. Our Fibrwrap® and Tyfo® processes are methods applying high strength fiber fabric to strengthen structures and the connections between structural components, thereby strengthening, repairing and restoring masonry, concrete, steel and wooden structures. The Fibrwrap® and Tyfo® products are construction and engineering materials comprising hybrid fiber/ epoxy composites used for retrofitting or repairing structures. Our Blast Glass® product and process relates to glass fabric used on a blast-resistant building or structure having reinforced connections between concrete structural panels and adjacent support members providing for increased structural stability under fluctuating loads, such as during a blast or explosion. Our Nano-Nano® product is a polymer resin used in the manufacture of resin or fiber composites. Our FibrBundle® process relates to devices, systems and methods for reinforcing pipes and other structures, thus reinforcing the interior of pipes using FRP. The FibrBundle® products are non-metal building materials, namely, tows of carbon fibers for strengthening bridges, buildings and other structures. Our FibrPipeWrap™ product and process relates to the construction and civil engineering material in the nature of hybrid fiber/epoxy composites used for retrofitting or repairing structures. See “Patents” below for more information concerning these technologies. Corrosion Protection Our Tite Liner® process is a method of lining new and existing pipe with a corrosion and abrasion resistant high-density polyethylene pipe. Our Safetyliner™ product is a grooved HDPE liner that is installed in an industrial pipeline using the Tite Liner® process. The Safetyliner™ liner is normally used in natural gas or CO2 pipelines to allow release of gas that permeates the HDPE liner. If gas is allowed to build in the annular space under normal operating conditions, the line can be susceptible to collapse upon sudden changes in operating pressures. The Safetyliner™ liner also has been used in pipelines as a leak detection system and for dual containment in mine water pipelines. The FBE application process utilizes heat to melt a dry powder FBE coating material into liquid form. The liquid material wets and flows onto the steel pipe and solidifies through a process called cross-linking. Once cooled, this “fusion-bonded” epoxy cannot return to its original state and forms a corrosion protection barrier on the interior or exterior surface of the pipe. Our InnerGard™ product is an internal FBE coating that provides corrosion protection for water injection lines and reduces costs compared to alloy pipe. Our Enventure™ product is an internal lubricity coating for solid expandable downhole tubulars. The Cathodic Protection process is an electrochemical process that prevents corrosion for new structures and stops the corrosion process for existing structures. Cathodic protection prevents the release of energy and reversion to its unrefined state by the cathode, the structure being protected, through the passing of an electrical current from an electrode, called an anode, placed near or connected to the cathode. In this process, the anode corrodes, sacrificing itself to protect the integrity of the cathode. Structures commonly protected by this process include oil and gas pipelines, offshore platforms, above and underground storage tanks, ships, electric power plants, bridges, parking garages, transit systems and water and wastewater treatment equipment. Our CoatCheck® product includes instruments for measuring pipe joint and surface treatment quality parameters. Our CorrFlex® System is a linear anode system installed parallel to pipelines, often times to prevent stress corrosion cracking that can lead to ruptures on high pressure gas transmission pipelines. Our CorrSpray® product provides a unique solution for preventing corrosion of steel reinforcements in concrete structures. Our Green Rectifier® system is an ecologically friendly method of cathodic protection using solar panels and a wind generator to power the cathodic protection process. Our Grid System™ has set the global standard for preventing releases from external corrosion of at grade storage tanks containing oil and petroleum products, thereby ensuring safe operations and protection of the environment. Our AC Interference Mitigation (ACIM) solution protects pipeline operators and the public from electrical hazards when pipelines share space on rights-of-way with overhead electric transmission lines. Beginning with advanced predictive modeling, we then design mitigation schemes and provide systems to protect people and the pipeline. See “Patents” below for more information concerning these technologies. 9 Operations We are organized into three operating segments, which are also our reportable segments: Infrastructure Solutions, Corrosion Protection and Energy Services. Each segment is regularly reviewed and evaluated separately. Our operations are generally project-oriented. Projects may range in duration from just a few days to several years, which can be performed as one-time contracts or as part of longer term agreements. These contracts are usually obtained through competitive bidding or negotiations and require performance at a fixed price or time and materials basis. Our Corrosion Protection and Energy Services projects are generally performed under contracts with industrial entities. Within our Infrastructure Solutions segment, a majority of our water and wastewater rehabilitation installation projects are performed under contracts with municipal entities, while a significant portion of our commercial and structural rehabilitation and strengthening projects are performed under contracts with the public sector. Independent contractors may be utilized to perform portions of the work on any given project that we provide. Infrastructure Solutions Operations Our sewer pipeline rehabilitation activities are conducted principally through installation and other construction operations performed directly by our subsidiaries. In certain geographic regions, we have granted licenses to unaffiliated companies. As described under “Ownership Interests in Operating Licensees and Joint Ventures” below, we also have entered into contractual joint ventures from time to time to capitalize on our trenchless rehabilitation processes. Under these contractual joint venture relationships, work is bid by the joint venture entity and subcontracted to the joint venture partners or to third parties. The joint venture partners are primarily responsible for their subcontracted work, but both joint venture partners are liable to the customer for all of the work. Revenues and associated costs are recorded using percentage-of-completion accounting for our subcontracted portion of the total contract only. Our North American Infrastructure Solutions operations, including research and development, engineering, training and financial support systems, are headquartered in Chesterfield, Missouri. Tube manufacturing and processing facilities for North America are maintained in eight locations, geographically dispersed throughout the United States and Canada. We also conduct Insituform® CIPP process rehabilitation operations worldwide through our wholly-owned subsidiaries. We utilize multifunctional robotic devices developed by a wholly-owned French subsidiary in connection with the inspection and repair of pipelines. We also maintain a manufacturing facility in Wellingborough, United Kingdom to support our international operations and through which we sell liners to third parties. In addition to sewer pipeline rehabilitation, we have performed water rehabilitation operations since 2006 using our Insituform Blue® product portfolio. Under the Insituform Blue® brand, we are able to restore water pipes using our InsituMain®, InsituGuard®, InsituFlex®, InsituFold® and Thermopipe® lining systems. We conduct rehabilitation operations in North America, Australia, the Netherlands, the United Kingdom, Spain and Hong Kong through our existing operations. With respect to water pipeline rehabilitation operations, we acquired Underground Solutions on February 18, 2016, which provides infrastructure technologies for water, sewer and conduit applications, primarily Fusible PVC® pipe, which when combined with its patented fusion process, results in a monolithic, fully-restrained, gasket-free, leak-free piping system. Our infrastructure rehabilitation operations also utilize FRP to rehabilitate and strengthen pipelines, buildings, bridges, tunnels, industrial developments and waterfront structures throughout the United States and Canada through Fibrwrap Construction Services, headquartered in San Diego, California, and in our Asian markets through our wholly owned subsidiaries and through our joint ventures in Borneo, Korea and Indonesia. Through Fyfe Co., headquartered in San Diego, California, we design and manufacture the FRP composite systems used in these applications. Our wholly-owned Fyfe entities located in Singapore, Japan, Malaysia and Hong Kong and our Fyfe joint ventures in Borneo, Korea and Indonesia, provide product and engineering services throughout Asia-Pacific. Corrosion Protection Operations Our corrosion protection operations perform maintenance rehabilitation and corrosion protection services for oil and gas, industrial, and mineral piping systems and structures. We also offer products for gas release and leak detection systems. Our worldwide corrosion protection operations are headquartered in Chesterfield, Missouri. These operations are conducted through our various subsidiaries (Corrpro based in Houston, Texas, United Pipeline Systems based in Durango, Colorado, Bayou based in New Iberia, Louisiana, and Aegion Coating Services, LLC (“ACS”) based in Tulsa, Oklahoma and Conroe, Texas). Certain of our corrosion protection operations outside of the United States are conducted through our wholly-owned subsidiaries in the United Kingdom, Portugal, Chile, Canada, Argentina, Brazil and the United Arab Emirates and through our joint ventures in Mexico, Oman and Saudi Arabia. Our Corrpro business performs fully-integrated corrosion prevention services including: (i) engineering; (ii) product and material sales; (iii) construction and installation; (iv) inspection, monitoring and maintenance; and (v) coatings. United Pipeline Systems performs pipeline rehabilitation services using our proprietary Tite Liner® process. Our Bayou business 10 performs internal and external pipeline coating, lining, weighting and insulation services, as well as specialty fabrication services for offshore deep-water installations, including project management and logistics. Our ACS business specializes in the application of internal corrosion coatings services, provision of external field joint anti-corrosion coating services, and the supply of equipment, all for pipeline construction projects onshore and offshore in locations around the world. Energy Services Operations Aegion Energy Services is based in Costa Mesa, California and performs engineering, procurement, construction, maintenance and turnaround services, primarily for the downstream oil and gas industry. Aegion Energy Services’ operations are located in California, Washington, Nevada and Texas. We specialize in offering clients a flexible, single source for all project needs. Clients may choose a single service or multiple integrated services, everything from technical consulting to turnkey project delivery and ongoing maintenance. We provide project management and engineering professionals across various disciplines, including chemical, civil, structural, mechanical, electrical, instrumentation, project controls, estimating, procurement and safety. AllSafe, a division of Aegion Energy Services, provides safety field services. Licensees We have granted licenses for the Insituform® CIPP process covering exclusive and non-exclusive territories, to non- affiliated licensees that provide pipe repair and rehabilitation services throughout their respective licensed territories. The licenses generally grant to the licensee the right to utilize our know-how and the patent rights (where such rights exist) relating to the subject process, and to use our copyrights and trademarks. These licenses have an average term of ten years with a right to renew. Our CIPP licensees generally are obligated to pay a royalty at a specified rate. Any improvements or modifications a licensee may make in the subject process during the term of the license agreement generally becomes our property or is licensed to us. Should a licensee fail to meet its royalty obligations or other material obligations, we may terminate the license at our discretion. Licensees, upon prior notice to us, may generally terminate the license for certain specified reasons. We may vary the terms of agreements entered into with new licensees according to prevailing conditions. Income from royalties are immaterial to our overall consolidated revenues. Our wholly-owned Fyfe entities located in Singapore, Japan, Malaysia and Hong Kong and our Fyfe joint ventures in Borneo, Korea and Indonesia, provide design, product and engineering support to installers and applicators of the FRP systems in Asia-Pacific. Our joint ventures in Asia-Pacific are granted the non-exclusive right to use Fyfe products in their respective territories. Fyfe Co. also periodically licenses on a project-by-project basis its patented technology to both affiliated and third party installers. With regard to our Underground Solutions business, we have granted licenses to our Fusible PVC® pipe products and fusion processes internationally covering exclusive and non-exclusive territories to non-affiliated licensees that provide fusible PVC products and services. The licenses generally grant to the licensee, in exchange for royalties at a specified rate, the right to utilize our know-how and the patent rights (where such rights exist) relating to the subject products and processes, and to use our copyrights and trademarks. Underground Solutions also licenses domestically its patented technology to third party extruders and installers. Ownership Interests in Operating Licensees and Joint Ventures Through our Fyfe acquisition in Asia-Pacific in 2012, we hold controlling interests in joint ventures in Borneo, Korea and Indonesia. Through our subsidiary, Fyfe Asia Pte. Ltd. we hold (i) a fifty-one percent (51%) equity interest in Fyfe Borneo Sdn Bhd., with the other forty-nine percent (49%) equity interest held by C. Tech Sdn Bhd; and (ii) a fifty-five percent (55%) equity interest in PT Fyfe Fibrwrap Indonesia, with the other forty-five percent (45%) equity interest held by PT Graha Citra Anugerah Lestari. Through our subsidiary, Fyfe Limited (Hong Kong), we hold a seventy percent (70%) equity interest in Fibrwrap ENC Korea Ltd, with the other thirty percent (30%) equity interest held equally by Sang Jung Suh and Gyu Gon Cho. Through our subsidiary, INA Acquisition Corp., we hold a fifty-five percent (55%) equity interest in United Pipeline de Mexico S.A. de C.V., our licensee of the Tite Liner® process in Mexico. The remaining ownership interest in United Pipeline de Mexico S.A. de C.V. is held by Miller Pipeline de Mexico S.A. de C.V., an unaffiliated Mexican company. Through our subsidiary, Aegion Holding Company, LLC, we hold a fifty-one percent (51%) equity interest in Bayou Wasco Insulation, LLC (“Bayou Wasco”) through which we provide insulation services primarily for projects located in the United States, Central America, the Gulf of Mexico and the Caribbean. The other forty-nine percent (49%) equity interest is held by Wasco Energy, a leading insulation coatings provider based in Malaysia (“Wasco Energy”). Through our subsidiary, Corrpro Canada, Inc., we hold a seventy-percent (70%) equity interest in Corrpower based in Saudi Arabia, through which we will provide fully integrated corrosion prevention products and services to government and 11 private sector clients throughout the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. The other thirty-percent (30%) equity interest is held by STARC, based in Al-Khobar, Saudi Arabia. Through our subsidiary, ITNBV, we hold a fifty-one percent (51%) equity interest in USTS located in the Sultanate of Oman for the purpose of executing pipeline, piping and flow line HDPE lining services throughout the Middle East and Northern Africa. The other forty-nine percent (49%) equity interest is held by STS. We have previously entered into teaming and other cooperative arrangements in various geographic regions throughout the world in order to develop cooperative bids on contracts for our HDPE pipeline rehabilitation and cathodic protection businesses. Typically, the arrangements provide for each participant to complete its respective scope of work, and we are not required to complete the other participant’s scope of work. We continue to investigate opportunities for expanding our business through such arrangements. We previously entered into contractual joint ventures in other geographic regions in order to develop joint bids on contracts for our pipeline rehabilitation business. Typically, the joint venture entity holds the contract with the owner and subcontracts portions of the work to the joint venture partners. As part of the subcontracts, the partners usually provide bonds to the joint venture. We could be required to complete our joint venture partner’s portion of the contract if the partner were unable to complete its portion and a bond is not available. We continue to investigate opportunities for expanding our business through such arrangements. Product Development By using our own laboratories and testing facilities, as well as outside consulting organizations and academic institutions, we continue to develop improvements to our proprietary processes, including the materials used and the methods of manufacturing and installing liners and for protecting and rehabilitating pipelines, buildings, bridges, tunnels and other infrastructure. During the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013, we spent $2.8 million, $2.6 million and $2.6 million, respectively, on research and development related activities, including engineering. Customers and Marketing We offer our products and services to highly diverse markets worldwide. We service municipal, state and federal governments, as well as corporate customers, in numerous industries including energy, oil and gas, mining, general and industrial construction, infrastructure (buildings, bridges, tunnels, railways, etc.), water and wastewater, pipelines, transportation, maritime and defense. Our products and services are currently utilized and performed in approximately 80 countries across six continents. We offer our corrosion protection solutions worldwide to energy, mining and other customers to protect new and existing pipelines and other structures. The marketing of sewer pipeline rehabilitation technologies is focused primarily on the municipal wastewater markets worldwide. We offer our water rehabilitation products to municipal and corporate customers. We offer our infrastructure rehabilitation products worldwide to certain certified third-party installers and applicators and market our installation services to municipal, state, federal and corporate customers worldwide. We offer our energy services solutions primarily to the oil and gas markets on the West Coast and in the Permian Basin. No customer accounted for more than 10% of our consolidated revenues during the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014 or 2013. To help shape decision-making at every step, we use a highly-trained, multi-level sales force structured around target markets and key accounts, focusing on engineers, consultants, administrators, technical staff and public officials. Due to the technical nature of our products and services, many of our sales personnel have engineering or technical expertise and experience. We also produce sales literature and presentations, participate in trade shows, present at conferences and execute other marketing programs for our own sales force and those of unaffiliated licensees. Our unaffiliated licensees are responsible for marketing and sales activities in their respective territories. See “Licensees” and “Ownership Interests in Operating Licensees and Joint Ventures” above for a description of our licensing operations and for a description of investments in licensees. Contract Backlog Contract backlog is our expectation of revenues to be generated from received, signed and uncompleted contracts, the cancellation of which is not anticipated at the time of reporting. The Company assumes that these signed contracts are funded. For its government or municipal contracts, the Company’s customers generally obtain funding through local budgets or pre- approved bond financing. The Company has not undertaken a process to verify funding status of these contracts and, therefore, cannot reasonably estimate what portion, if any, of its contracts in backlog have not been funded. However, the Company has little history of signed contracts being canceled due to the lack of funding. Contract backlog excludes any term contract 12 amounts for which there are not specific and determinable work releases and projects where we have been advised that we are the low bidder, but have not formally been awarded the contract. In accordance with industry practice, substantially all of our contracts are subject to cancellation, termination or suspension at the discretion of the customer. Contracts in our backlog are subject to changes in scope and of services to be provided as well as adjustments to the costs relating to the contracts. Accordingly, backlog is not necessarily indicative of our future revenues or earnings. Included within backlog for Aegion Energy Services are amounts that represent expected revenues to be realized under long-term Master Service Agreements (“MSAs”) and other signed contracts. If the remaining term of these arrangements exceeds 12 months, the unrecognized revenues attributable to such arrangements included in backlog are limited to only the next 12 months of expected revenues. Although backlog represents only those contracts and MSAs that are considered to be firm, there can be no assurance that cancellation or scope adjustments will not occur with respect to such contracts. Included within backlog for Infrastructure Solutions and Corrosion Protection are certain contracts that are performed through our variable interest entities, in which we own a controlling portion of the entity. With the exception of Aegion Energy Services, a substantial majority of our contracts in these two segments are fixed price contracts with individual private businesses and municipal and federal government entities across the world. Aegion Energy Services, on the other hand, generally enters into cost reimbursable contracts that are based on costs incurred at agreed upon contractual rates. For additional information regarding our backlog including those risk factors specific to backlog, please refer to Item 1A – “Risk Factors”, and Item 7 – “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations,” below. Manufacturing and Suppliers We maintain our North American Insituform® CIPP process liner manufacturing facility in Batesville, Mississippi. In Europe, we manufacture and sell Insituform® CIPP process liners from our plant located in Wellingborough, United Kingdom. Although raw materials used in Insituform® CIPP process products are typically available from multiple sources, our historical practice has been to purchase materials from a limited number of suppliers. We maintain our own felt manufacturing facility in Batesville, Mississippi. Substantially all of our fiber requirements are purchased from two sources, but there are alternate vendors readily available. We source our global resin supply from multiple vendors. We also manufacture certain equipment used in our Insituform® CIPP business. We believe that the sources of supply for our Insituform® CIPP operations in North America, Europe and Asia-Pacific are adequate for our needs. We sell Insituform® CIPP process liners and related products to third parties and certain licensees on a long-term or, in certain instances, on a project to project basis. In Europe, in addition to sales made on a project by project basis, we have entered into supply agreements with various third parties to supply them with Insituform® CIPP process liners and related products. With regard to Underground Solutions, we have qualified and utilize two third-party extruders to toll manufacture our Fusible PVC® pipe products. The principal raw materials used by Fyfe Co. in the manufacture of FRP composite materials are carbon, glass, resins, fabric, and epoxy raw materials. Fabric and epoxies are the most significant materials purchased, which are currently purchased through a select group of suppliers, although these and the other materials are available from a number of vendors. The weaving of FRP components into woven fabric is done at our facility in La Conner, Washington. Fyfe Co. does specialized blending of unique epoxies from basic chemicals at our Batesville, Mississippi facility. The epoxy resin is also repackaged at our Batesville, Mississippi facility and the specialized blending is usually done on each job site. Fyfe Co. also sells finished materials throughout the United States and worldwide to our affiliates and certain certified third party installers and applicators. Product and material revenues for our Corrpro business are derived principally from the sale of products that are purchased from select outside vendors or from assembling components that are sourced from suppliers. We conduct light assembly for a number of our Corrpro products in our production facilities in Sand Springs, Oklahoma; Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; the United Kingdom; Dubai, United Arab Emirates; and Saudi Arabia. In addition, we manufacture our own line of rectifiers and other power supplies in Canada, the United Kingdom and Saudi Arabia. The primary products and raw materials used by our Corrpro businesses include zinc, aluminum, magnesium and other metallic anodes, as well as wire and cable. We maintain relationships with our vendors for these products and are not dependent on any single vendor to meet our supply needs. The product and service revenues for our United Pipeline Systems business are derived primarily from the manufacturing and installation of polyethylene liners inside pipelines. The raw material used for these liners is extruded HDPE pipe. It has been our practice to purchase this material from a selective group of suppliers; however, we believe that it is readily available from many other sources. We manufacture most of the proprietary equipment and many of the consumable items used in Tite Liner® system installations in our own facilities in Canada, the United States and Chile. 13 Product and service revenues for our Bayou and Coating Services businesses are derived principally from internal and external pipeline coating, lining, weighting and insulation. Facilities are located in New Iberia, Louisiana; Tulsa, Oklahoma; Conroe, Texas; and Bakersfield, California. The primary raw materials used in the coating process include FBE, paint, concrete, iron ore, sand and gravel. Although our historical practice has been to purchase materials from a limited number of suppliers, we believe that the raw materials used in the coating process are typically available from multiple sources. Our pricing of raw materials is subject to fluctuations in the underlying commodity prices. See “Commodity Risk” in Item 7A of this report for detail on our management of the risks associated with such price fluctuations. Patents and Proprietary Technologies As of December 31, 2015, we held 29 United States patents relating to the Insituform® CIPP process, the last of which will expire in 2034. As of December 31, 2015, we had three pending United States non-provisional patent applications relating to the Insituform® CIPP process. We have obtained and are pursuing patent protection in our principal foreign markets covering various aspects of the Insituform® CIPP process. As of December 31, 2015, there were 112 issued foreign patents and utility models relating to the Insituform® CIPP processes, and 14 applications pending in foreign jurisdictions. The specifications and/or rights granted in relation to each patent will vary from jurisdiction to jurisdiction. In addition, as a result of differences in the nature of the work performed and in the climate of the countries in which the work is carried out, we do not necessarily seek patent protection for all of our inventions in every jurisdiction in which we do business. We have elected to maintain certain internally developed technologies, know-how and inventions as trade secrets. We have entered into confidentiality agreements with employees, consultants and third parties to whom we disclose confidential information. Although there can be no assurance that these measures will suffice to prevent unauthorized disclosure or use or that third parties will not develop similar technologies, we believe it would take substantial time and resources to independently develop such technologies. As a result of our acquisition of Underground Solutions on February 18, 2016, we hold 18 United States patents, three pending United States patents, 27 foreign patents and 19 pending foreign patents with regard to Fusible PVC® pipe products and fusion processes as well as other infrastructure technologies for water, sewer and conduit applications. As of December 31, 2015, we held 22 issued patents and eight pending patents in the United States and four issued and 20 pending patents in foreign jurisdictions that relate to our FRP strengthening business operated through our Fyfe and Fibrwrap subsidiaries. Of these applications, two are Patent Cooperation Treaty applications that cover multiple jurisdictions in Europe and throughout the world. For our corrosion protection operations, as of December 31, 2015, we held eleven issued patents and three pending patents in the United States and three issued and 14 pending patents in foreign jurisdictions that relate to our cathodic protection business operated through our Corrpro subsidiary and interior surface coating inspection business operated through our ACS subsidiary. As of December 31, 2015, we had two issued patents and one pending patent in the United States, and three issued patents and eight pending patents in foreign jurisdictions that relate to the Tite Liner® process, although we believe that the success of our Tite Liner® process business depends primarily upon our proprietary know-how and our installation, marketing and sales skills. The success of our pipeline coatings process operating through our Bayou subsidiaries depends primarily on our know-how and manufacturing expertise as well as our marketing and sales skills. There can be no assurance that the validity of our patents will not be successfully challenged. Our business could be adversely affected by increased competition upon expiration of the patents or if one or more of our patents were adjudicated to be invalid or inadequate in scope to protect our operations. We believe in either case that our long experience with the proprietary processes, the strength of our trademarks and our degree of market penetration should enable us to continue to compete effectively in the pipeline rehabilitation, energy and mining and infrastructure protection markets. See “Risk Factors” in Item 1A of this report for further discussion. Competition The markets in which we operate are highly competitive, primarily on the basis of price, quality of service and capacity to perform. Most of our products and services face direct competition from competitors offering similar or essentially equivalent products or services. In addition, customers can select a variety of methods to meet their infrastructure installation, strengthening and rehabilitation needs, as well as their coating and cathodic protection needs, including a number of methods that we do not offer. In the trenchless sewer rehabilitation market, the CIPP process is one of the preferred methods. Because relatively few significant barriers to entry exist in this market, any organization with adequate financial resources and access to technical expertise may become a competitor. As such, there are numerous companies with which we compete. Worldwide, we compete with numerous smaller firms on local or regional levels and with several larger firms on the global and national levels. Despite 14 the number of competitors, Insituform, as the worldwide pioneer of this technology, has maintained its role as a global market leader, both in the United States and abroad. In water rehabilitation, dig and replace is still the preferred method for the majority of customers. Currently, CIPP is utilized in less than five percent of water pipeline rehabilitation projects in the United States. Because this is a more specialized field, with more barriers to entry, including strict government mandates, we compete primarily with a handful of global and national specialty contractors. In the pressure pipe market, our Fusible PVC® products compete against other more-traditional products, such as high density polyethylene and restrained joint PVC pipe products. In our infrastructure rehabilitation business, the FRP process competes against traditional methods of structural retrofitting, but is gaining acceptance in the construction and retrofitting industry. Fibrwrap Construction has been performing successful installations of FRP systems for 25 years. With its proprietary technologies relating to both products and application, Fyfe Co. is a leader in the FRP market and Fibrwrap Construction is one of the most experienced installers of the FRP system and has a well established reputation. In this field, there are barriers to entry, including testing requirements, experience, intellectual property and certifications. Fyfe has teamed with a number of universities around the world to conduct extensive product testing. In addition, Fyfe has dedicated significant resources to obtaining technical market acceptance of its proprietary products. As a result, Fyfe has received a number of certifications, including NSF certification for its Tyfo® Fibrwrap® system, International Code Council - Evaluation Service Report (ESR-2103), indicating product approval by the International Building Code and compliance with ICC-AC125 guidelines for FRP strengthening. Because of the barriers to entry, Fyfe Co. and Fibrwrap Construction tend to compete with a small number of companies on a regional or national level, most of which do not provide the full spectrum of services provided by Fyfe Co. and Fibrwrap Construction. In our Corrosion Protection segment, Corrpro operates in the highly-competitive field of cathodic protection for corrosion control. While this market is highly competitive, because there are relatively few barriers to entry, Corrpro is the recognized market leader in North America in this field. Competitors include a limited number of large firms, which provide services nationally, and in some instances, globally, although more prevalent are a number of small- and medium-sized firms with a more limited portfolio of products and services, which are only provided on a regional or local level. Corrpro’s competitive advantage is its broad depth of high-quality cathodic protection offerings, including its cost effective engineering, pipeline integrity construction and coating services, which are provided to customers worldwide. Through Hockway and our Corrpower joint venture, we are expanding our position as a leader in cathodic protection. The process of utilizing HDPE liners is a prevalent method used to protect pipelines servicing the energy and mining industries. United Pipeline Systems is recognized as a leader in the HDPE market, having provided HDPE solutions on six continents. And, because of barriers to entry, due to necessary technological capabilities, United Pipeline Systems tends to only compete with a small number of specialty firms globally, nationally and regionally. Through our focused efforts on expanding our services worldwide, United Pipeline Systems enjoys significant name recognition and substantial market share in this industry in the key energy and mining regions of the world. The FBE process is one of the standard methods for pipe coating. Bayou has a presence in the FBE and insulation coating market in the Gulf South of the United States. Because the pipe coating industry is very capital intensive, Bayou usually competes with a small number of global and national companies. However, Bayou also competes on a project-specific basis with small firms on local or regional jobs. These regional firms are often steel mills that have coatings plants onsite to provide for their internal coatings needs, but these firms will outsource their coatings services if projects are beyond their geographic reach. Competition from these regional firms on more than a project basis is unlikely as these firms tend to be restricted geographically due to their shipping limitations. ACS has strong presence in the field of FBE coating and is an industry leader in both inner diameter (ID) robotic coatings and outer diameter (OD) coatings. Because of these specialized fields, ACS usually competes with a small number of specialty providers. In our Energy Services segment, Brinderson and Schultz operate in a fragmented and intensely competitive field of plant engineering, maintenance and construction services in the downstream oil refining industry, as well as performing work in the industrial and natural gas, gas processing and compression markets. Brinderson competes with local, regional and national contractors and service providers. Competitors vary with the markets that are served with few competitors competing in all of the geographic markets we serve or in all of the services we provide. Contracts are generally awarded based on safety performance, reputation for quality, price, schedule, and client satisfaction. There can be no assurance as to the success of our processes in competition with these companies and alternative technologies for pipe installation and rehabilitation, coating, cathodic protection and infrastructure installation, strengthening and rehabilitation. 15 Seasonality Our operations can be affected by seasonal variations and our results tend to be stronger in the second and third quarters of each year due to milder weather. We are more likely to be impacted by weather extremes, such as excessive rain, hurricanes or monsoons, snow and ice or frigid temperatures, which may cause temporary, short-term anomalies in our operational performance in certain localized geographic regions. However, these impacts usually have not been material to our operations as a whole. See “Risk Factors” in Item 1A of this report for further discussion. Employees As of December 31, 2015, we had approximately 6,200 employees. Certain of our subsidiaries are parties to collective bargaining agreements covering an aggregate of approximately 1,500 employees. We generally consider our relations with our employees and unions to be good. Insurance and Bonding We are required to carry insurance and provide bonding in connection with certain projects and, accordingly, maintain comprehensive insurance policies, including workers’ compensation, general and automobile liability and property coverage. We believe that we presently maintain adequate insurance coverage for all operations. We have also arranged bonding capacity for bid, performance and payment bonds. Typically, the cost of a performance bond is less than 1% of the contract value. We are required to indemnify the surety companies against losses from third-party claims of customers and subcontractors. The indemnification obligations are collateralized by unperfected liens on our assets and the assets of those subsidiaries that are parties to the applicable indemnification agreement. Government Regulation We are required to comply with all applicable United States federal, state and local, and all applicable foreign statutes, regulations and ordinances. In addition, our installation and other operations have to comply with various relevant occupational safety and health regulations, transportation regulations, code specifications, permit and licensing requirements and bonding and insurance requirements, as well as with fire regulations relating to the storage, handling and transporting of flammable materials. Our manufacturing and coatings facilities, as well as our installation and other operations, are subject to federal and state environmental protection regulations, none of which presently have any material effect on our capital expenditures, earnings or competitive position in connection with our present business. However, although our installation and other operations have established monitoring programs and safety procedures, further restrictions could be imposed on the manner in which installation and other activities are conducted, on equipment used in installation and other activities, on volatile organic compounds and hazardous air pollutant emissions from our paintings and coatings processes and on the use of solvents or the thermosetting resins used in the Insituform® CIPP process. The use of both thermoplastics and thermosetting resin materials in contact with drinking water is strictly regulated in most countries. In the United States, a consortium led by NSF International, under arrangements with the United States Environmental Protection Agency (“EPA”), establishes minimum requirements for the control of potential human health effects from substances added indirectly to water via contact with treatment, storage, transmission and distribution system components, by defining the maximum permissible concentration of materials that may be leached from such components into drinking water, and methods for testing them. Our lining and coating products for drinking water use are NSF/ANSI Standard 61 compliant, including Fyfe’s entire Tyfo® Fibrwrap® system, Insituform’s full range of water pipe lining products and Underground Solutions’ Fusible C-900® and Fusible C-905® products. In addition, United Pipeline Systems’ HDPE TiteLiner® system as well as Underground Solutions’ Fusible C-900® and Fusible C-905® products are certified to NSF/ANSI Standard 61. Corrpro’s corrosion control products are NSF/ANSI 61 classified for drinking water systems and its cathodic protection solutions for water storage tanks and water treatment units are compliant with AWWA Standard D104 and NACE recommended practices. NSF assumes no liability for use of any products, and NSF’s arrangements with the EPA do not constitute the EPA’s endorsement of NSF, NSF’s policies or its standards. Dedicated equipment is needed in connection with use of these products in drinking water applications. Item 1A. Risk Factors. You should carefully consider the following risks and other information contained or incorporated by reference into this Annual Report on Form 10-K when evaluating our business and financial condition and an investment in our common stock. Should any of the following risks or uncertainties develop into actual events, such developments could have material adverse effects on our business, financial condition, cash flows and results of operations. Our businesses face significant competition in the industries in which they operate. Many of our products and services face direct competition from companies offering similar products or services. Competition places downward pressure on our contract prices and profit margins. Intense competition is expected to continue 16 in these markets. If we are unable to realize our objectives, we could lose market share to our competitors and experience an overall reduction in our profits. In the water and wastewater rehabilitation portion of our Infrastructure Solutions segment, we face competition from companies providing similar products and services as well as companies providing other methods of rehabilitation that we do not offer, including traditional dig-and-replace, which is still the preferred method in the water rehabilitation market. In the trenchless wastewater rehabilitation market, CIPP is one of the preferred methods. In this market, few significant barriers to entry exist and, as a result, any organization that has the financial resources and access to technical expertise and bonding may become a competitor. As such, we compete with many smaller firms on a local or regional level and with several larger firms on the global and national levels. In water rehabilitation, where there are more significant barriers to entry because the market is strictly regulated, we compete with a smaller number of specialty contractors around the world. Further, our Fusible PVC® pipe products compete against other more traditional products, such as high density polyethylene and restrained join PVC pipe products. In the infrastructure rehabilitation portion of our Infrastructure Solutions segment, the FRP process competes against traditional methods of structural retrofitting. Given there are significant barriers to entry, including testing requirements, experience, intellectual property and certifications, in manufacturing we only compete with a handful of FRP suppliers. However, with respect to installation, we compete with a number of FRP installers. If any of our competitors were to become fully-integrated like us or if new entrants in the market were to develop strong installation and manufacturing expertise, this could adversely impact our ability to grow revenues in this market. In our Corrosion Protection platform, we compete primarily with a small number of global and national companies in the pipe coating industry, with specialty firms in the pipeline protection industry, with a limited number of large firms globally and with a large number of smaller firms regionally in the cathodic protection industry. In addition, customers can select a variety of methods to meet their pipe installation, rehabilitation, coating and cathodic protection needs, including methods that we do not offer. In our Energy Services platform, we compete with a limited number of regional and national companies in the oil and gas engineering, procurement, construction, maintenance and turnaround industries. Our business depends upon the maintenance of our proprietary technologies and information. We depend upon our proprietary technologies and information, many of which are no longer subject to patent protection. We rely principally upon trade secret and copyright laws to protect our proprietary technologies. We regularly enter into confidentiality agreements with our key employees, customers and potential customers and limit access to and distribution of our trade secrets and other proprietary information. However, these measures may not be adequate to prevent misappropriation of our technologies or to assure that our competitors will not independently develop technologies that are substantially equivalent or superior to our technologies. In addition, the laws of other countries in which we operate may not protect our proprietary rights to the same extent as the laws of the United States. We are also subject to the risk of adverse claims and litigation alleging infringement of intellectual property rights. Our efforts to develop new products and services or enhance existing products and services involve substantial research, development and marketing expenses, and the resulting new or enhanced products or services may not generate sufficient revenues to justify such expenses. Our future success will depend in part on our ability to anticipate and respond to changing technologies and customer requirements by enhancing our existing products and services. We will need to develop and introduce, on a timely and cost- effective basis, new products, features and services that address the needs of our customer base. As a result of these efforts, we may be required to expend substantial research, development and marketing resources, and the time and expense required to develop a new product or service or enhance an existing product or service are difficult to predict. We cannot assure that we will succeed in developing, introducing and marketing new products or services or product or service enhancements. In addition, we cannot be certain that any new or enhanced product or service will generate sufficient revenues to justify the expenses and resources devoted to this product diversification effort. Acquisitions and investments could result in operating difficulties, dilution and other harmful consequences that may adversely impact our business and results of operations. Acquisitions are an important element of our overall corporate strategy and use of capital, and these transactions could be material to our financial condition and results of operations. We expect to continue to evaluate and enter into discussions regarding a wide array of potential strategic transactions. The process of integrating an acquired company, business or technology has created, and will continue to create, unforeseen operating difficulties and expenditures. The areas where we face risks include: • Diversion of management time and focus from operating our business to acquisition integration challenges. 17 • Failure to successfully further develop the acquired business or technology. • • Implementation or remediation of controls, procedures and policies at the acquired company. Integration of the acquired company’s accounting, human resource and other administrative systems, and coordination of product, engineering and sales and marketing functions. • Transition of operations, users and customers onto our existing platforms. • Failure to obtain required approvals on a timely basis, if at all, from governmental authorities, or conditions placed upon approval, under competition and antitrust laws which could, among other things, delay or prevent us from completing a transaction, or otherwise restrict our ability to realize the expected financial or strategic goals of an acquisition. • In the case of foreign acquisitions, the need to integrate operations across different cultures and languages and to address the particular economic, currency, political and regulatory risks associated with specific countries. • Cultural challenges associated with integrating employees from the acquired company into our organization, and retention of employees from the businesses we acquire. • Liability for activities of the acquired company before the acquisition, including patent and trademark infringement claims, violations of laws, commercial disputes, tax liabilities, and other known and unknown liabilities. • Litigation or other claims in connection with the acquired company, including claims from terminated employees, customers, former stockholders or other third parties. Our failure to address these risks or other problems encountered in connection with our past or future acquisitions and investments could cause us to fail to realize the anticipated benefits of such acquisitions or investments, incur unanticipated liabilities, and harm our business generally. Our acquisitions could also result in dilutive issuances of our equity securities, the incurrence of debt, the assumption of contingent liabilities, amortization expenses, impairment of goodwill and purchased long-lived assets and restructuring charges, any of which could harm our financial condition or results of operations. Also, the anticipated benefit of many of our acquisitions may not materialize. We may be liable to complete the work of our joint venture partners under our joint venture arrangements. We enter into contractual joint ventures in order to develop joint bids on certain contracts. The success of these joint ventures depends largely on the satisfactory performance by our joint venture partners of their obligations with respect to the joint venture. Under these joint venture arrangements, we may be required to complete our joint venture partner’s portion of the contract if the joint venture partner is unable to complete its portion and a bond is not available. In such case, the additional obligations could result in reduced profits or, in some cases, significant losses for us. Our backlog is an uncertain indicator of our future earnings. Our backlog, which at December 31, 2015 was approximately $776.5 million, is subject to unexpected adjustments and cancellation. The revenues projected in this backlog may not be realized or, if realized, may not result in profits. We may be unable to complete some projects included in our backlog in the estimated time and, as a result, such projects could remain in backlog for extended periods of time. To the extent that we experience project cancellation or scope adjustments, we could face a reduction in the dollar amount of our backlog and the revenues that we actually receive from such backlog. In addition, one or more of our multi-year contracts have in the past and may in the future contribute a material portion of our backlog in any one year. The loss of business from any one of these significant customers could have a material adverse effect on our business or results of operations. The preparation of our consolidated financial statements requires us to make estimates and judgments, which are subject to an inherent degree of uncertainty and which may differ from actual results. Our consolidated financial statements are prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States, which require us to make estimates and judgments that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses and related disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities. Some accounting policies require the application of significant judgment by management in selecting the appropriate assumptions for calculating financial estimates. By their nature, these estimates and judgments are subject to an inherent degree of uncertainty and actual results may differ from these estimates and judgments under different assumptions or conditions, which may have an adverse effect on our financial condition or results of operations in subsequent periods. Our use of the percentage-of-completion method of accounting could result in a reduction or reversal of previously recorded results. We employ the percentage-of-completion method of accounting for our construction projects. This methodology recognizes revenues and profits over the life of a project based on costs incurred to date compared to total estimated project 18 costs. Revisions to revenues and profits are made once amounts are known and can be reasonably estimated. Given the uncertainties associated with some of our contracts, it is possible for actual costs to vary from estimates previously made. Revisions to estimates could result in the reversal of revenues and gross profit previously recognized. For the year ended December 31, 2015, approximately 68.9% of our revenues were derived from percentage-of-completion accounting. We may experience cost overruns on our projects. We conduct a significant portion of our business under guaranteed maximum price or fixed price contracts, where we bear a significant portion of the risk for cost overruns. Under such contracts, prices are established in part on cost and scheduling estimates, which are based on a number of assumptions, including assumptions about future economic conditions, prices and availability of materials and other exigencies. Our profitability depends heavily on our ability to make accurate estimates. Inaccurate estimates, or changes in other circumstances, such as unanticipated technical problems, difficulties obtaining permits or approvals, changes in local laws or labor conditions, weather delays, cost of raw materials, currency fluctuations or our suppliers’ or subcontractors’ inability to perform could result in substantial losses, as such changes adversely affect the revenue and gross profit recognized on each project. Our recognition of revenues from change orders, extra work or variations in the scope of work could be subject to reversal in future periods. We recognize revenues from change orders, extra work or variations in the scope of work as set forth in our written contracts with our clients when management believes that realization of these revenues is probable and the recoverable amounts can be reasonably estimated. We also factor in all other information that we possess with respect to the change order to determine whether the change order should be recognized at all and, if recognition is appropriate, what dollar amount of the change order should be recognized. Due to factors that we may not anticipate at the time of recognition, however, revenues ultimately received on these change orders could be less than revenues that we recognized in a prior reporting period or periods, which could require us in subsequent reporting periods to reduce or reverse revenues and gross profit previously recognized. We may incur significant costs in providing services in excess of original project scope without having an approved change order. After commencement of a contract, we may perform, without the benefit of an approved change order from the customer, additional services requested by the customer that were not contemplated in our contract price for various reasons, including customer changes or incomplete or inaccurate engineering, changes in project specifications and other similar information provided to us by the customer. Our construction contracts generally require the customer to compensate us for additional work or expenses incurred under these circumstances. A failure to obtain adequate compensation for these matters could require us to record in the current period an adjustment to revenue and profit recognized in prior periods under the percentage-of-completion accounting method. Any such adjustments, if substantial, could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations and financial condition, particularly for the period in which such adjustments are made. We can provide no assurance that we will be successful in obtaining, through negotiation, arbitration, litigation or otherwise, approved change orders in an amount adequate to compensate us for our additional work or expenses. Cyclical downturns in the mining, oil and natural gas industries, including a substantial or extended decline in the price of mined minerals, oil or natural gas, or in the oil field, refinery and mining services businesses, may have a material adverse effect on our financial condition or results of operations. The mining, oil and natural gas industries are highly cyclical. Demand for the majority of the oil field, refinery and mining products and services provided by our Corrosion Protection and Energy Services platforms are substantially dependent on the level of expenditures by the mining, oil and natural gas industries for the exploration, development and production of mined minerals, crude oil and natural gas reserves, which are sensitive to the prices of these commodities and generally dependent on the industry’s view of future mined mineral, oil and natural gas prices. The prices of these commodities can be extremely volatile. There are numerous factors affecting the related industries and, thereby, the supply of, and demand for, our products and services, which include, but are not limited to: • market prices of mined minerals, oil and natural gas and expectations about future prices; • cost of producing mined minerals, oil and natural gas; the level of mining, drilling and production activity; • • the discovery rate of new oil and gas reserves; • mergers, consolidations and downsizing among our clients; • coordination by the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC); • the output of certain oil-producing countries; 19 • • the impact of commodity prices on the expenditure levels of our clients; financial condition of our client base and their ability to fund capital and maintenance expenditures; • adverse weather conditions; • political instability in oil-producing countries; • tax incentives, including for alternative energy sources; • domestic and worldwide economic conditions; • weather conditions that can affect mining, oil or natural gas operations over a wide area; • level of consumption of minerals, oil, natural gas and petrochemicals by consumers, including the effects of increased regulation, conservation measures and technological advances affecting energy consumption; and • availability of services and materials for our clients to grow their capital expenditures. As seen in the recent and sustained decline and historic high volatility in crude oil prices and other energy commodities, prices for mined minerals, oil and natural gas are subject to periodic downturns and large fluctuations in response to relatively minor changes in supply and demand, market uncertainty and a variety of other factors (including those set forth above) that are beyond our control, and we expect such prices to continue to be volatile. Demand for the products and services we provide could decrease in the event of a sustained reduction in demand for mined minerals, oil or natural gas, while perceptions of long- term decline in the prices of mined materials, oil and natural gas by mining, oil and gas companies (some of our customers) can similarly reduce or defer major expenditures given the long-term nature of many large-scale projects or result in downward pressure on the prices we charge. As such, a significant downturn in the mining, oil and/or natural gas industries could result in a reduction in demand for our mining, oil field and refinery services and could adversely affect our operating results. Additionally, the volatility of such prices and the resulting effects are difficult to predict, which reduces our ability to anticipate and respond effectively to changing conditions. Our operations could be adversely impacted by the continuing effects from the U.S. government regulations on offshore drilling projects. In response to the Deepwater Horizon incident in the U.S. Gulf of Mexico in April 2010, the U.S. government implemented various new regulations intended to improve offshore drilling safety and environmental protection and increase liability for oil spills in the federal waters of the outer continental shelf. These new regulations increased the complexity of the drilling permit process and have delayed the receipt of drilling permits in both deepwater and shallow-water areas since the incident. While there has been an increase in the number of drilling permits issued, and drilling activity is recovering, we cannot predict what the continuing effects from the U.S. government regulations on offshore deepwater drilling projects may have on offshore oil and gas exploration and development activity, or what actions may be taken by our customers in our Corrosion Protection segment or other industry participants in response to these regulations. This could reduce demand for our services, which could have an adverse impact on certain aspects of our business. Our operations could be adversely impacted by California legislation related to downstream work performed in California refineries. Aegion Energy Services may face challenges with the addition of section 25536.7 to the California Health and Safety Code on January 1, 2014. The law introduced new requirements for refineries and outside contractors at covered facilities when construction, alteration, demolition, installation, repair or maintenance work is performed at the covered facility. The law imposes the following new requirements: • all subject workers must be paid the applicable prevailing wage rate; • all subject workers must be either “skilled journeymen” or “registered apprentices”; and • commencing January 1, 2014, at least 30% of skilled journeypersons on the project must be graduates of certified apprenticeship programs, which percentage increases to 45% on January 1, 2015 and 60% on January 1, 2016. The new requirements only pertain to contracts entered into, extended or renewed after January 1, 2014. Aegion Energy Services currently has long term contracts in place with many of its major downstream clients, but its operations may be adversely impacted to become fully compliant with, or as a result of, Section 25536.7 of the California Health and Safety Code when the contracts expire. 20 Federal and state legislative and regulatory initiatives as well as governmental reviews relating to hydraulic fracturing could result in increased costs and additional operating restrictions or delays that could adversely affect our Corrosion Protection and Energy Services customers. Federal, state and local legislative and regulatory initiatives relating to hydraulic fracturing could result in increased costs and additional operating restrictions or delays in the production of oil and natural gas, including from the developing shale plays. Our Corrosion Protection and Energy Services segments service oil and gas companies in the shale plays and we foresee strong market opportunities here. A decline in drilling of new wells and related servicing activities caused by these initiatives could adversely affect our financial position, results of operations and cash flows. A general downturn in U.S. and global economic conditions, and specifically a downturn in the municipal bond market, may reduce our business prospects and decrease our revenues and cash flows. Our business is affected by general economic conditions. Any extended weakness in the U.S. and global economies could reduce our business prospects and could cause decreases in our revenues and operating cash flows. Specifically, a downturn in the municipal bond market caused by an actual downgrade of monoline insurers could result in our municipal customers being required to spend municipal funds previously allocated to projects that would benefit our business to pay off outstanding bonds. We conduct manufacturing, sales and distribution operations on a worldwide basis and are subject to a variety of risks associated with doing business outside the United States. We maintain significant international operations, including operations in North America, Europe, Asia-Pacific, Australia, the Middle East, South America, Latin America and Africa. For the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013, approximately 27.6%, 30.4%, and 38.4%, respectively, of our revenues were derived from international operations. We expect a significant portion of our revenues and profits to come from international operations and joint ventures for the foreseeable future and to continue to grow over time. As a result, we are subject to a number of risks and complications associated with international manufacturing, sales, services and other operations. These include: • difficulties in enforcing agreements, collecting receivables, resolving disputes through some foreign legal systems; • foreign customers with longer payment cycles than customers in the United States; • difficulties in enforcing intellectual property rights or weaker intellectual property right protections in some countries; • • • tax rates in certain foreign countries that exceed those in the United States and foreign earnings subject to withholding requirements; tax laws that restrict our ability to use tax credits, offset gains or repatriate funds; tariffs, exchange controls or other trade restrictions including transfer pricing restrictions when products produced in one country are sold to an affiliated entity in another country; • abrupt changes in foreign government policies and regulations; • unsettled political conditions; • acts of terrorism or criminality; • kidnapping of employees; • nationalization or privatization of companies with which we do business; • • • forced negotiation or modification of contracts; increased governmental ownership and regulation of markets in which we operate; the financial instability of, and the related inability or unwillingness to timely pay for our services by, national oil companies and other foreign customers resulting from, and/or exacerbated by, the current significant decline in oil and natural gas prices; • hostility from local populations, particularly in the Middle East; and • difficulties associated with compliance with a variety of laws and regulations governing international trade, including the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act. To the extent that our international operations are affected by these unexpected and adverse foreign economic and political conditions, we may experience project disruptions and losses that could significantly reduce our revenues and profits. Implementation and achievement of international growth objectives also may be impeded by political, social and economic uncertainties or unrest in countries in which we conduct operations or market or distribute our products. In addition, compliance with multiple, and potentially conflicting, international laws and regulations, import and export limitations, anti- corruption laws and exchange controls may be difficult, burdensome or expensive. 21 For example, we are subject to compliance with various laws and regulations, including the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act and similar anti-bribery laws, which generally prohibit companies and their intermediaries from making improper payments to officials for the purpose of obtaining or retaining business. While our employees and agents are required to comply with these laws, we cannot assure you that our internal policies, procedures and controls will always protect us from violations of these laws, despite our commitment to legal compliance and corporate ethics. The occurrence or allegation of these types of risks may adversely affect our business, performance, prospects, value, financial condition and results of operations. Operational disruptions caused by political instability and conflict in the Middle East could adversely impact our current operations and plans of expansion in the Middle East. Our Corrosion Protection segment currently operates in the Middle East and continues to focus efforts on accelerating expansion into the Middle East. Political instability and social unrest in the Middle East, as well as the potential for catastrophic events such as abrupt political change, terrorist acts and conflicts or wars may cause damage or disruption to the economy, financial markets and our current and prospective customers in the Middle East. Political instability and conflicts and the potential for catastrophic events in the Middle East have contributed to, and will likely continue to contribute to, volatility in the prices of oil and natural gas. As noted above in these risk factors, a significant downturn in the oil and natural gas industries in the Middle East or elsewhere could result in reduced demand for our oil field and refinery services and could adversely affect our operations and operating results. As a result of our operations and plans of expansion in the Middle East, we are also exposed to certain other uncertainties not generally encountered in our U.S. operations, including those detailed in the risks detailed in the risk factor immediately above. Business operations could be adversely affected by terrorism. The threat of, or actual acts of, terrorism may affect our operations around the world in unpredictable ways and may force an increase in security measures and cause disruptions in supplies and markets. If any of our facilities, including our manufacturing facilities, or if any of the projects we are working on, particularly in the energy and mining sector, were to be a direct target, or an indirect casualty, of an act of terrorism, our operations could be adversely affected. Corresponding instability in the financial markets as a result of terrorism also could adversely affect our ability to raise capital. International trade tariffs and restrictions in the steel market may adversely affect our Bayou business. The business of our subsidiary, Bayou, is heavily dependent on providing products and services to customers that import steel pipe into the United States from the international markets. To the extent that trade tariffs and other restrictions imposed by the United States increase the price of, or limit the amount of, steel pipe imported into the United States, the demand from Bayou’s customers for Bayou’s products and services will be diminished, which will adversely affect Bayou’s revenues and profitability. We have international operations that are subject to foreign economic uncertainties and foreign currency fluctuation. Global financial and credit markets have been, and continue to be, unstable and unpredictable. Worldwide economic conditions have been weak and may deteriorate further. For example, the credit issues in the European Union relating to sovereign and other debt obligations as well as other factors have affected economies worldwide. The instability of the markets and weakness of the economy could continue to affect the demand for our services, the financial strength of our customers and suppliers, their ability or willingness to do business with us, our willingness to do business with them, and/or our suppliers’ and customers’ ability to fulfill their obligations to us and/or the ability of us, our customers or our suppliers to obtain credit. These factors could adversely affect our operations, earnings and financial condition. A significant portion of our contracts and revenues are denominated in foreign currencies, which may result in additional risk of fluctuating currency values and exchange rates, hard currency shortages and controls on currency exchange. Changes in the value of foreign currencies could increase our U.S. dollar costs for, or reduce our U.S. dollar revenues from, our foreign operations. Any increased costs or reduced revenues as a result of foreign currency fluctuations could affect our profits. For example, if there continues to be a significant strengthening of the U.S. Dollar compared to the Euro, the Canadian Dollar or the Australian Dollar, it may adversely affect our operating results and financial condition. Our success and growth strategy depend on our senior management and our ability to attract and retain qualified personnel. We depend on our senior management for the success and future growth of the operations and revenues of our company, and the loss of any member of our senior management could have an adverse impact on our operations. Such a loss may be a distraction to senior management as we search for a qualified replacement, could result in significant recruiting, relocation, training and other costs and could cause operational inefficiencies as a replacement becomes familiar with our business and operations. 22 In addition, we use a multi-level sales force structured around target markets and key accounts, focusing on marketing our products and services to engineers, consultants, administrators, technical staff and elected officials. We are dependent on our personnel to continue to develop improvements to our proprietary processes, including materials used and the methods of manufacturing, installing, strengthening, coating and cathodic protection and we require quality field personnel to effectively and profitably perform our work. Our success in attracting and retaining qualified personnel is dependent on the resources available in individual geographic areas and the impact on the labor supply of general economic conditions, as well as our ability to provide a competitive compensation package and work environment. Our failure to attract, train, integrate, engage and retain qualified personnel could have a significant effect on our financial condition and results of operations. An inability to attract and retain qualified personnel, and in particular, engineers, project managers, linemen skilled craft workers and other experienced professionals, could impact our ability to perform on our contracts, which could harm our business and impair our future revenues and profitability. Our ability to attract and retain qualified engineers, project managers, linemen, skilled craftsmen and other experienced professionals in accordance with our needs is an important factor in our ability to maintain profitability and grow our business. The market for these professionals is competitive, particularly during periods of economic growth when the supply is limited. We cannot provide any assurance that we will be successful in our efforts to retain or attract qualified personnel when needed. Therefore, when we anticipate or experience growing demand for our services, we may incur additional cost to maintain a professional staff in excess of our current contract needs in an effort to have sufficient qualified personnel available to address this anticipated demand. If we do incur additional compensation and benefit costs, our customer contracts may not allow us to pass through these costs. Competent and experienced engineers, project managers and craft workers are especially critical to the profitable performance of our contracts, particularly on our fixed-price contracts where superior design and execution of the project can result in profits greater than originally estimated or where inferior design and project execution can reduce or eliminate estimated profits or even result in a loss. Our project managers are involved in most aspects of contracting and contract execution including: • supervising the bidding process, including providing estimates of significant cost components, such as material and equipment needs, and the size, productivity and composition of the workforce; • negotiating contracts; • supervising project performance, including performance by our employees, subcontractors and other third-party suppliers and vendors; • estimating costs for completion of contracts that is used to estimate amounts that can be reported as revenues and earnings on the contract under the percentage-of-completion method of accounting; • negotiating requests for change orders and the final terms of approved change orders; and • determining and documenting claims by us for increased costs incurred due to the failure of customers, subcontractors and other third-party suppliers of equipment and materials to perform on a timely basis and in accordance with contract terms. Our profitability could be negatively impacted if we are not able to maintain appropriate utilization of our workforce. The extent to which we utilize our workforce affects our profitability. If we under utilize our workforce, our project gross margins and overall profitability suffer in the short-term. If we over utilize our workforce, we may negatively impact safety, employee satisfaction and project execution, which could result in a decline of future project awards. The utilization of our workforce is impacted by numerous factors including: • our estimate of the headcount requirements for various units based upon our forecast of the demand for our products and services; • our ability to maintain our talent base and manage attrition; • our ability to schedule our portfolio of projects to efficiently utilize our employees and minimize downtime between project assignments; and • our need to invest time and resources into functions such as training, business development, employee recruiting, and sales that are not chargeable to customer projects. Our business may be adversely impacted by work stoppages, staffing shortages and other labor matters. Our Aegion Energy Services business has approximately 2,500 employees, approximately 2,350 of whom are located in areas where employees predominantly are represented by unions. Although we believe that our relations with our employees and the unions are good, no assurances can be made that we will not experience these and other types of conflicts with labor unions, works councils, other groups representing employees, or our employees in general, especially in the context of any future negotiations with our labor unions. We can also make no assurance that future negotiations with our labor unions will 23 not result in a significant increases in the cost of labor. Although none of our Brinderson employees participate in multi- employer benefit plans, our Schultz employees currently participate in eight multi-employer benefit plans, which may increase in the future. Participation in multi-employer benefit plans may result in liability to Aegion Energy Services in excess of that directly attributable to employees of Aegion Energy Services. Additionally, the employees of some of our customers are unionized, especially the customers of our Aegion Energy Services business. Any strikes, work stoppages or other labor matters experienced by our customers may impact our ability to work on projects and, as a result, have an adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations. The revenues from the water and wastewater portion of our Infrastructure Solutions platform are substantially dependent on municipal government spending. Many of our customers are municipal governmental agencies and, as such, we are dependent on municipal spending. Spending by our municipal customers can be affected by local political circumstances, budgetary constraints and other factors. Consequently, future municipal spending may not be allocated to projects that would benefit our business or may not be allocated in the amounts or for the size of the projects that we anticipated. A decrease in municipal spending on such projects would adversely impact our revenues, results of operations and cash flows. The loss of one or more of our significant customers could adversely affect us. One or more customers have in the past and may in the future contribute a material portion of our revenues in any one year. Because these significant customers generally contract with us for specific projects or for specific periods of time, we may lose these customers from year to year as the projects or maintenance contracts are completed. The loss of business from any one of these customers could have a material adverse effect on our business or results of operations. The execution of our growth strategy is dependent upon the continued availability of third-party financing arrangements for our customers. The economic climate has resulted in tighter credit markets, which has adversely affected our customers’ ability to secure the financing necessary to proceed or continue with pipe or other infrastructure installation, rehabilitation, strengthening, coating and cathodic protection projects. Our customers’ or potential customers’ inability to secure financing for projects could result in the delay, cancellation or downsizing of new projects or the suspension of projects already under contract, which could cause a decline in the demand for our services and negatively impact our revenues and earnings. A substantial portion of our raw materials is from a limited number of vendors, and we are subject to market fluctuations in the prices of certain commodities. The primary products and raw materials used by our Corrpro operations include zinc, aluminum, magnesium and other metallic anodes, as well as wire and cable. We believe that Corrpro has multiple sources available for these raw materials and is not dependent on any single vendor to meet its supply needs. However, the prices of these raw materials have historically been affected by the prices of energy, petroleum, steel and other commodities, tariffs and duties on imported materials and foreign currency and exchange rates. A significant increase in the prices of these raw materials could adversely affect our results of operations. We purchase the majority of our fiber requirements for tube manufacturing from two sources. We believe, however, that alternate sources are readily available, and we continue to negotiate with other supply sources. The manufacture of the tubes used in our rehabilitation business is dependent upon the availability of resin, a petroleum-based product. We currently have qualified four resin suppliers from which we intend to purchase the majority of our resin requirements for our North American operations. For our European operations, we currently have qualified six resin suppliers and for our Asia-Pacific operations, we currently have qualified six resin suppliers. We believe that these and other sources of resin supply are readily available. Historically, resin prices have fluctuated on the basis of the prevailing prices of oil, and we anticipate that prices will continue to be heavily influenced by the events affecting the oil market. If there is a shortage or contraction of fiber or resin suppliers or if the price of fiber or resin increase, it could have an adverse effect on our results of operations. The primary products and raw materials used by the infrastructure rehabilitation portion of our Infrastructure Solutions segment in the manufacture of FRP composite systems are carbon, glass, resins, fabric, and epoxy raw materials. Carbon and epoxies are the largest materials purchased, which are currently purchased through a select group of suppliers, although we believe these and the other materials are available from a number of vendors. The price of epoxy historically is affected by the price of oil. In addition, a number of factors such as worldwide demand, labor costs, energy costs, import duties and other trade restrictions may influence the price of these raw materials. An increase in the price of these raw materials may have an adverse effect on our operations. Further, because we utilize a limited number of extruders to toll manufacture our Fusible PVC® pipe products, we could be adversely affected if one or more of these extruders is unable to continue to toll manufacture our Fusible PVC® pipe products. 24 We also purchase a significant volume of fuel to operate our trucks and equipment. At present, we do not engage in any type of hedging activities to mitigate the risks of fluctuating market prices for oil or fuel. A significant increase in the price of oil could cause an adverse effect on our cost structure that we may not be able to recover from our customers. Extreme weather conditions may adversely affect our operations. We are likely to be impacted by weather extremes, such as excessive rain or hurricanes, typhoons, snow and ice or frigid temperatures, which may cause temporary, short-term anomalies in our operational performance in certain localized geographic regions. Our Infrastructure Solutions segment is particularly sensitive to weather extremes. Delays and other weather impacts could adversely affect our ability to meet project deadlines and may increase a project’s cost and decrease its profitability. Certain of our facilities are located in regions that may be affected by natural disasters. Certain of our Bayou facilities are located on the Gulf Coast in Louisiana. This region is subject to increased hurricane activity that can result in substantial flooding. Our Bayou facilities have in the past experienced damage due to winds and floods. Although we maintain flood loss insurance where necessary, a hurricane, flood or other natural disaster could result in significant damage to our facilities, recovery costs and interruption to certain of our operations. Our Aegion Energy Services business serves large oil and gas customers in California and is headquartered in Costa Mesa, California with operations throughout California, near major earthquake faults. Furthermore, our Infrastructure Solutions segment has substantial operations in California near major earthquake faults. While we carry earthquake insurance, a catastrophic event that results in the destruction or disruption of any of our critical business or information technology systems or our clients’ facilities could harm our ability to conduct normal business operations and our operating results. The actual timing, costs and benefits of the 2016 Restructuring may differ from those currently expected, which may reduce our operating results. On January 4, 2016, we announced the 2016 Restructuring, which is intended to reduce the Company’s consolidated annual expenses by approximately $15 million. Following an assessment of its energy-related businesses, we concluded the persistent low price of oil is expected to create market challenges for the foreseeable future and that the high-cost upstream oil markets it serves in California and Canada will be particularly difficult as customers further reduce expenditures in 2016. In light of expectations for a prolonged low oil price environment, Aegion announced that it will reposition its Energy Services’ upstream operations in California, right-size the Corrosion Protection platform to compete more effectively and reduce corporate and other operating expenses. Also in connection with the assessment of our energy-related businesses, we sold our 51 percent interest in Bayou Perma-Pipe Canada, Inc. on February 1, 2016. We expect to complete a majority of the 2016 Restructuring during the first quarter of 2016 and to complete any remainder of the 2016 Restructuring before the end of 2016. The 2016 Restructuring is subject to various risks, which could result in the actual timing, costs and benefits of the plan differing from those currently anticipated. These risks and uncertainties include, among others that: (i) we may not be able to implement the 2016 Restructuring in the timeframe currently planned; (ii) our costs related to the 2016 Restructuring may be higher than currently estimated; and (iii) unanticipated disruptions to our operations may result in additional costs being incurred. We also cannot assure you that we will not undertake additional restructuring activities in the future. Because of these and other factors, we cannot predict whether we will realize the purpose and anticipated benefits of the 2016 Restructuring, and if we do not, our business and results of operations may be adversely impacted. Additionally, the 2016 Restructuring may yield unintended consequences, such as: • actual or perceived disruption of service or reduction in service standards to customers; • the failure to preserve supplier relationships and distribution, sales and other important relationships and to resolve conflicts that may arise; • attrition beyond our intended reduction in headcount and reduced employee morale, which may cause our employees who were not affected by the 2016 Restructuring to seek alternate employment; • increased risk of employment litigation; and • diversion of management attention from ongoing business activities. Changes in the industries within which we operate and market conditions could lead to charges related to discontinuances of certain of our businesses, asset impairment, workforce reductions or restructurings. In response to changes in industry and market conditions, we may be required to strategically realign our resources and to consider restructuring, disposing of, or otherwise exiting businesses. Any resource realignment, or decision to limit investment in or dispose of or otherwise exit businesses, may result in the recording of special charges, such as asset write-offs, workforce reduction or restructuring costs or charges relating to consolidation of excess facilities or businesses. Our estimates with 25 respect to the useful life or ultimate recoverability of our carrying basis of assets, including purchased intangible assets, could change as a result of such assessments and decisions. Further, our estimates relating to the liabilities for excess facilities are affected by changes in real estate market conditions. We may incur further impairments to goodwill or long-lived assets We review our long-lived assets, including goodwill and other intangible assets, for impairment annually or whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of these assets may not be recoverable. The valuation of goodwill and other intangible assets requires assumptions and estimates of many critical factors, including revenue and market growth, operating cash flows, market multiples and discount rates. Negative industry or economic trends, including reduced market prices of our common stock, reduced estimates of future cash flows, disruptions to our business, slower growth rates, or lack of growth in our relevant businesses, could lead to further impairment charges against our long-lived assets, including goodwill and other intangible assets. If, in any period, our stock price decreases to the point where our fair value, as determined by our market capitalization, is less than the book value of our assets for an extended period of time, this could also indicate a potential impairment, and we may be required to record an impairment charge in that period, which could adversely affect our results of operations. We may be subject to information technology system failures, network disruptions, cybersecurity attacks and breaches in data security, which could disrupt our operations and could result in a loss of assets. We depend on information technology as an enabler to improve the effectiveness of our operations and to interface with our customers, as well as to maintain financial accuracy and efficiency. Information technology system failures, including suppliers’ or vendors’ system failures, could disrupt our operations by causing transaction errors, processing inefficiencies, delays or cancellation of customer orders, the loss of customers, impediments to the manufacture or shipment of products, other business disruptions, the loss of or damage to intellectual property through security breach, the loss of employee personal information or vulnerability to theft. These events could impact our customers, employees and reputation and lead to financial losses from remediation actions, loss of business or potential liability or an increase in expense, all of which may have a material adverse effect on our business. We are subject to a number of restrictive debt covenants under our credit facility. In October 2015, the Company amended and restated its $650.0 million senior secured credit facility (the “Credit Facility”) with a syndicate of banks. Our Credit Facility contains certain restrictive covenants, which restrict our ability to, among other things, incur additional indebtedness, incur certain liens on our assets or sell assets, make investments and make other restricted payments. Our Credit Facility also requires us to maintain specified financial ratios under certain conditions and satisfy financial condition tests. Our ability to meet those financial ratios and tests and otherwise comply with our financial covenants may be affected by the factors described in this “Risk Factors” section of this report and other factors outside our control, and we may not be able to continue to meet those ratios, tests and covenants. Our ability to generate sufficient cash from operations to meet our debt obligations will depend upon our future operating performance, which will be affected by general economic, financial, competitive, business and other factors beyond our control. A breach of any of these covenants, ratios, tests or restrictions, as applicable, or any inability to pay interest on, or principal of, our outstanding debt as it becomes due could result in an event of default. Upon an event of default, if not waived by our lenders, our lenders may declare all amounts outstanding as due and payable. At December 31, 2015, we were in compliance with all of our debt covenants as required under the Credit Facility. If we are unable to comply with the restrictive covenants in the future, we would be required to obtain amendments or waivers from our lenders or secure another source of financing. If our current lenders accelerate the maturity of our indebtedness, we may not have sufficient capital available at that time to pay the amounts due to our lenders on a timely basis. In addition, these restrictive covenants may prevent us from engaging in transactions that benefit us, including responding to changing business and economic conditions and taking advantage of attractive business opportunities. We occasionally access the financial markets to finance a portion of our working capital requirements and support our liquidity needs. Our ability to access these markets may be adversely affected by factors beyond our control and could negatively impact our ability to finance our operations, meet certain obligations or implement our operating strategy. We occasionally borrow under our existing credit facility to fund operations, including working capital investments. Market disruptions such as those experienced in the United States and abroad have materially impacted liquidity in the credit and debt markets, making financing terms for borrowers less attractive and, in certain cases, resulting in the unavailability of certain types of financing. Uncertainty in the financial markets may negatively impact our ability to access additional financing or to refinance our existing credit facility or existing debt arrangements on favorable terms or at all, which could negatively affect our ability to fund current and future expansion as well as future acquisitions and development. These disruptions may include turmoil in the financial services industry, volatility in the markets where our outstanding securities trade and general economic downturns in the areas where we do business. If we are unable to access funds at competitive rates, or if our short- 26 term or long-term borrowing costs increase, our ability to finance our operations, meet our short-term obligations and implement our operating strategy could be adversely affected. As a holding company, Aegion depends on its operating subsidiaries to meet its financial obligations. Aegion Corporation is a holding company with no significant operating assets. Our subsidiaries conduct all of our operations and own substantially all of our assets. Our cash flow and our ability to meet our obligations depends on the cash flow of our subsidiaries. In addition, the payments of funds in the form of dividends, intercompany payments, tax sharing payments and other forms may be subject to restrictions under the laws of the states and countries in which we operate. The market price of our common stock is highly volatile and may result in investors selling shares of our common stock at a loss. The trading price of our common stock is highly volatile and subject to wide fluctuations in price in response to various factors, many of which are beyond our control, including: • actual or anticipated variations in quarterly operating results; • changes in financial estimates by securities analysts that cover our stock or our failure to meet these estimates; • conditions or trends in the U.S. sewer rehabilitation market; • conditions or trends in mined materials, oil and natural gas markets; • changes in municipal and corporate spending practices; • a downturn of the municipal bond market or lending markets generally; • changes in market valuations of other companies operating in our industries; • announcements by us or our competitors of a significant acquisition or divestiture; and • additions or departures of key personnel. In addition, the stock market in general and the Nasdaq Global Select Market in particular have experienced extreme price and volume fluctuations that may be unrelated or disproportionate to the operating performance of listed companies. Industry factors may seriously harm the market price of our common stock, regardless of our operating performance. Such stock price volatility could result in investors selling shares of our common stock at a loss. Future sales of our common stock or equity-linked securities in the public market could adversely affect the trading price of our common stock and our ability to raise funds in new stock offerings. Sales of substantial numbers of additional shares of our common stock or any shares of our preferred stock, including sales of shares in connection with any future acquisitions, or the perception that such sales could occur, may have a harmful effect on prevailing market prices for our common stock and our ability to raise additional capital in the financial markets at a time and price favorable to us. We may issue equity securities in the future for a number of reasons, including to finance our operations and business strategy, to adjust our ratio of debt to equity, to satisfy obligations upon exercise of outstanding warrants or options or for other reasons. Our certificate of incorporation provides that we have authority to issue 125,000,000 shares of common stock. As of December 31, 2015, 36,053,499 shares of common stock were issued and outstanding. Provisions in our certificate of incorporation could make it more difficult for a third party to acquire us or could adversely affect the rights of holders of our common stock or the market price of our common stock. Our certificate of incorporation provides that our board of directors has the authority, without any action of our stockholders, to issue up to 2,000,000 shares of preferred stock. Preferred stock may be issued upon such terms and with such designations as our board of directors may fix in its discretion, including with respect to: (i) the payment of dividends upon our liquidation, dissolution or winding up; (ii) voting rights that dilute the voting power of our common stock; (iii) dividend rates; (iv) redemption or conversion rights; (v) liquidation preferences; or (vi) voting rights. In addition, our certificate of incorporation provides that subject to the rights of the holders of any class or series of preferred stock set forth in our certificate of incorporation, the certificate of designation relating to such class or series of preferred stock, or as otherwise required by law, any stockholder action may be taken only at a meeting of stockholders and may not be effected by any written consent by such stockholders. The affirmative vote of the holders of at least 80% of the capital stock entitled to vote for the election of directors is required to amend, repeal or adopt any provision inconsistent with such arrangement. These provisions could potentially be used to discourage attempts by others to obtain control of our company through merger, tender offer, proxy, consent or otherwise by making such attempts more difficult or more costly, even if the offer may be considered beneficial by our stockholders. These provisions also may make it more difficult for stockholders to take action opposed by our board of directors or otherwise adversely affect the rights of holders of our common stock or the market price of our common stock. 27 Our amended and restated by-laws designate the state courts of Delaware or, if no such state court has jurisdiction, the federal court for the District of Delaware, as the sole and exclusive forum for certain types of claims that may be initiated by our stockholders, which could discourage lawsuits against Aegion and Aegion’s directors and officers. Our amended and restated by-laws provide that unless waived by Aegion, the state courts of the State of Delaware or, if no state court located in the State of Delaware has jurisdiction, the federal court for the District of Delaware, will be the sole and exclusive forum for any claims brought by a stockholder (including a beneficial owner) (i) that are based upon a violation of a duty by a current or former director or officer or stockholder in such capacity or (ii) as to which the Delaware General Corporation Law confers jurisdiction upon the Delaware Court of Chancery. This exclusive forum provision may limit the ability of our stockholders to bring a claim in a judicial forum that such stockholders find favorable for disputes with Aegion or Aegion’s directors or officers, which may discourage such lawsuits against Aegion and Aegion’s directors and officers. Alternatively, if a court outside of Delaware were to find this exclusive forum provision inapplicable to, or unenforceable in respect of, one or more of the specified types of actions or proceedings described above, we could incur additional costs associated with resolving such matters in other jurisdictions, which could adversely affect our business, financial condition or results of operations. We do not intend to pay cash dividends on our common stock in the foreseeable future. We do not anticipate paying cash dividends on our common stock in the foreseeable future. Our present policy is to retain earnings to provide for the operation and expansion of our business or for the repurchase of shares of our common stock. Any payment of cash dividends will depend upon our earnings, financial condition, cash flows, financing agreements and other factors deemed relevant by our board of directors. Furthermore, under the terms of certain debt arrangements to which we are a party, we are subject to certain limitations on paying dividends. However, we carefully review this policy regularly and could initiate dividends in the future, depending on appropriate circumstances. Item 1B. Unresolved Staff Comments. None. Item 2. Properties. We own our executive offices located in Chesterfield, Missouri, a suburb of St. Louis, at 17988 Edison Avenue. We also own our research and development and training facilities in Chesterfield. We own a liner manufacturing facility and a contiguous felt manufacturing facility in Batesville, Mississippi. Insituform Linings, our United Kingdom manufacturing company, owns certain premises in Wellingborough, United Kingdom, where its felt liner manufacturing facility is located and leases a facility for its glass liner manufacturing. Fyfe Co., our wholly-owned subsidiary, leases an office in San Diego, California. Corrpro, our wholly-owned subsidiary, owns certain office and warehouse space in Medina, Ohio. Its subsidiary, Corrpro Canada Inc., also owns certain premises in Edmonton, Alberta, Canada and Estevan, Saskatchewan, Canada used for office and warehouse space. In addition, our Corrpro subsidiary in the United Kingdom, Corrpro Companies Europe Ltd., owns an office and production facility in Stockton-on-Tees, United Kingdom. Our wholly-owned subsidiary, United Pipeline Systems, owns an office and shop facility as well as additional property in Durango, Colorado. In addition, our wholly-owned Canadian subsidiary, United Pipeline Systems Limited, owns an operating facility in Edmonton, Alberta, Canada for office space and manufacturing. Our wholly-owned subsidiary, Bayou, owns a pipe yard in New Iberia, Louisiana and leases approximately 221 acres from the Port of Iberia and other property owners in Louisiana, of which certain portions have been subleased to our other Bayou subsidiaries. ACS, another wholly-owned subsidiary, owns properties in Bakersfield, California and Conroe, Texas that are used as office space and operational facilities. Our wholly-owned subsidiary, Brinderson, leases an office in Costa Mesa, California for its headquarters and also leases various operational facilities throughout California and Texas. We own or lease various operational facilities in the United States, Canada, Europe, Latin America, South America, Asia- Pacific, Australia and the Middle East and the foregoing facilities are regarded by management as adequate for the current requirements of our business. 28 Item 3. Legal Proceedings. We are involved in certain actions incidental to the conduct of our business and affairs. Management, after consultation with legal counsel, does not believe that the outcome of any such actions, individually and in the aggregate, will have a material adverse effect on our consolidated financial condition, results of operations or cash flows. Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosure. None. Item 4A. Executive Officers of the Registrant. Our executive officers, and their respective ages and positions with us, are as follows: Charles R. Gordon David F. Morris David A. Martin John D. Huhn Michael D. White Stephen P. Callahan 57 54 48 47 43 49 President and Chief Executive Officer Executive Vice President, Chief Administrative Officer, General Counsel and Secretary Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer Senior Vice President, Strategy and Corporate Development Senior Vice President and Corporate Controller Senior Vice President – Human Resources Charles R. Gordon serves as our President and Chief Executive Officer, a position he has held since October 2014. Mr. Gordon had been serving as the Company’s interim Chief Executive Officer since May 2014 and has served on the Company’s Board of Directors since 2009. Prior to serving as interim Chief Executive Officer of the Company, Mr. Gordon served as Chief Executive Officer of Natural Systems Utilities, LLC, a distributed water infrastructure company, from February 2014 to May 2014. Prior to Natural Systems Utilities, LLC, Mr. Gordon was President and Chief Operating Officer of Nuverra Environmental Solutions, Inc. (a holding company formerly known as Heckmann Corporation that buys and builds companies in the water sector) from November 2010 until his resignation in October 2013. Mr. Gordon was President and Chief Executive Officer of Siemens Water Technologies (a business unit of Siemens AG, a world leader in products, systems and services for water and wastewater treatment for industrial, institutional and municipal customers) from 2008 to 2010. Previously, Mr. Gordon served as Executive Vice President of the Siemens Water & Wastewater Systems Group from 2005 to 2008 and as Executive Vice President of the Siemens Water & Wastewater Services and Products Group from 2003 to 2005. His past experience also includes various management positions with US Filter Corporation and Arrowhead Industrial Water, prior to the acquisition of US Filter Corporation by the Siemens family of companies in 2004. David F. Morris serves as our Executive Vice President, Chief Administrative Officer, General Counsel and Secretary, a position he has held since October 2014. Mr. Morris served as our Vice President, General Counsel and Secretary beginning in January 2005 through April 2007, at which time he was promoted to Senior Vice President. Mr. Morris became our Chief Administrative Officer in August 2007. From March 1993 until January 2005, Mr. Morris was an attorney with the law firm of Thompson Coburn LLP, St. Louis, Missouri, most recently as a partner in its corporate and securities practice areas. David A. Martin serves as our Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer, a position he has held since October 2014. Mr. Martin served as our Vice President and Chief Financial Officer from August 2007 through April 2009, at which time he was promoted to Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer, a position he held from April 2009 to October 2014. Previously, he was Vice President and Corporate Controller and finance director of our European operations. Mr. Martin joined our Company in 1993 from the accounting firm of BDO Seidman, LLP, where he was a senior accountant. John D. Huhn serves as our Senior Vice President, Strategy & Corporate Development, a position he has held since October 2014. Mr. Huhn served as our Vice President, Strategy & Corporate Development from June 2014 until October 2014. Prior to rejoining Aegion in June 2014, Mr. Huhn served as Vice President, Strategy and Corporate Development for HBM Holdings, a private equity firm that acquires, builds and operates middle market businesses, a position he held since 2012. Prior to HBM Holdings, Mr. Huhn served as our Vice President, Strategy and Corporate Development from 2008 to 2012. Michael D. White serves as our Senior Vice President and Corporate Controller, a position he has held since October 2014. Mr. White joined Aegion in October 2013 as Vice President and Corporate Controller. Prior to joining Aegion, he served in various financial leadership positions in the oil & gas and technology industries, including Chief Accounting Officer for both SunGard Energy and Wood Group Production Services. Prior to 2001, he was a manager with Ernst & Young, LLP. Mr. White earned a BBA in Accounting and Finance from the University of Houston and is a Certified Public Accountant and member of the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants. Stephen P. Callahan serves as our Senior Vice President – Human Resources, a position he has held since November 2015. Prior to joining Aegion, Mr. Callahan was Vice President of Corporate and International Human Resources and HRIS at 29 Peabody Energy from October 2010 until November 2015, where he was responsible for driving global alignment within the human resources function, HRIS, global mobility, business development support and M&A integration, HR metrics and analytics and corporate generalist support. Mr. Callahan has over 20 years of global experience working in Romania, India, France, China, Indonesia, Mongolia, Singapore and the United Kingdom. He holds a Bachelor of Science in Speech Communications from West Chester University and a Master of Arts in Human Resources Development Leadership from The University of Texas-Austin. PART II Item 5. Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities. Our common shares, $.01 par value, are traded on The Nasdaq Global Select Market under the symbol “AEGN”. The following table sets forth the range of quarterly high and low sales prices for the years ended December 31, 2015 and 2014, as reported on The Nasdaq Global Select Market. Quotations represent prices between dealers and do not include retail mark-ups, mark-downs or commissions. Period 2015 First Quarter Second Quarter Third Quarter Fourth Quarter 2014 First Quarter Second Quarter Third Quarter Fourth Quarter High Low $ $ $ $ 19.47 19.67 19.92 22.41 25.39 25.64 25.52 22.61 15.31 17.11 15.97 16.16 19.14 21.94 21.69 16.54 During the quarter ended December 31, 2015, we did not offer any equity securities that were not registered under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended. As of February 22, 2016, the number of holders of record of our common stock was 435. Holders of common stock are entitled to receive dividends as and when they may be declared by our board of directors. Our present policy is to retain earnings to provide for the operation and expansion of our business. However, our board of directors will review our dividend policy from time to time and will consider our earnings, financial condition, cash flows, financing agreements and other relevant factors in making determinations regarding future dividends, if any. Under the terms of our debt arrangement to which we are a party, we are subject to certain limitations on paying dividends. See “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations – Liquidity and Capital Resources – Long-Term Debt” for further discussion of such limitations. The following table provides information as of December 31, 2015 with respect to the shares of common stock that may be issued under our existing equity compensation plans: Equity Compensation Plan Information Plan Category Equity compensation plans approved by security holders (1) Equity compensation plans not approved by security holders Total Number of securities to be issued upon exercise of outstanding options, warrants and rights (a) 1,811,309 — 1,811,309 Weighted-average exercise price of outstanding options, warrants and rights (b) $ $ 19.98 — 19.98 Number of securities remaining available for future issuance under equity compensation plans (excluding securities reflected in column (a)) (c) 1,023,270 — 1,023,270 _________________________________ (1) The number of securities to be issued upon exercise of granted/awarded options, warrants and rights includes: (i) 288,383 stock options; (ii) 1,275,707 restricted stock, restricted stock units and restricted performance units; and (iii) 247,219 deferred stock units outstanding at December 31, 2015. 30 Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities The following table provides information regarding repurchases made by us of our common stock during the year ended December 31, 2015, pursuant to share repurchase programs approved by our Board of Directors. Total Number of Shares (or Units) Purchased Average Price Paid per Share (or Unit) 89,844 24,053 323,772 420,048 353,616 — 397 451 — 173 125,743 164,504 $ 15.72 16.65 17.94 18.59 18.37 — 17.95 18.52 — 16.48 20.89 19.59 Total Number of Shares (or Units) Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Plans or Programs Maximum Number (or Approximate Dollar Value) of Shares (or Units) that May Yet Be Purchased Under the Plans or Programs — $ — 320,000 420,000 351,122 — — — — — — 20,000,000 14,256,104 6,450,132 — — — — — — 51,077 164,000 18,938,128 15,726,420 1,502,601 $ 18.50 1,306,199 January 2015 (2) February 2015 (1) (2) March 2015 (1) (2) April 2015 (1) (2) May 2015 (1) (2) June 2015 July 2015 (2) August 2015 (2) September 2015 October 2015 (2) November 2015 (2) (3) December 2015 (2) (3) Total _________________________________ (1) In February 2015, our board of directors authorized the open market repurchase of up to $20.0 million of our common stock to be made during 2015. This amount constituted the maximum open market repurchases currently authorized in any calendar year under the terms of our then current Credit Facility. Once a repurchase is complete, we promptly retire the shares. (2) In connection with approval of our then current Credit Facility, our board of directors approved the purchase of up to $10.0 million of our common stock in each calendar year in connection with our equity compensation programs for employees and directors. The number of shares purchased includes shares surrendered to us to pay the exercise price and/or to satisfy tax withholding obligations in connection with “net, net” exercises of employee stock options and/or the vesting of restricted stock or deferred stock units issued to employees and directors. During 2015, 163,500 shares were surrendered in connection with stock swap transactions and 32,902 shares were surrendered in connection with restricted stock and deferred stock units transactions. The deemed price paid was the closing price of our common stock on the Nasdaq Global Select Market on the date that the restricted stock or deferred stock units vested or the stock option was exercised. Once a repurchase is complete, we promptly retire the shares. (3) In November 2015, our board of directors authorized the open market repurchase of up to $20.0 million of our common stock to be made during 2015 and 2016. We have authorization under our Credit Facility to repurchase up to an additional $40.0 million of our common stock in 2016. Once a repurchase is complete, we promptly retire the shares. 31 Performance Graph The following performance graph compares the total stockholder return on our common stock to the S&P 500 Index and a selected peer group index for the past five years. The compensation committee of our board of directors also reviews data for this peer group in establishing the compensation of our executive officers. In 2015 the peer group index was comprised of the following companies: Actuant Corporation Barnes Group, Inc. Basic Energy Services, Inc. Valmont Industries, Inc. Kennametal, Inc. Tetra Tech, Inc. Matrix Service Company Dril-Quip, Inc. Team, Inc. Willbros Group, Inc. Helix Energy Solutions Group Newpark Resources Tesco Corporation C&J Energy Services, Inc. CIRCOR International, Inc. Forum Energy Technologies, Inc. Mas Tec, Inc. McDermontt International Inc. Oil States International Inc. The graph assumes that $100 was invested in our common stock and each index on December 31, 2010 and that all dividends, if any, were reinvested. Comparison of Five-Year Cumulative Return Aegion Corporation S&P 500 Total Returns Peer Group 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 $ 100.00 $ 57.86 $ 83.70 $ 82.57 $ 70.20 $ 72.84 100.00 100.00 102.11 93.20 118.45 103.93 156.82 133.66 178.28 101.37 180.75 70.95 Notwithstanding anything set forth in any of our previous filings under the Securities Act of 1933 or the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 which might incorporate future filings, including this Annual Report on Form 10-K, in whole or in part, the preceding performance graph shall not be deemed incorporated by reference into any such filings. 32 Item 6. Selected Financial Data. The selected financial data set forth below has been derived from our consolidated financial statements contained in “Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data” of this report on Form 10-K and previously published historical financial statements not included in this report on Form 10-K. The selected financial data set forth below should be read in conjunction with “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” and our consolidated financial statements, including the footnotes, contained in this report. INCOME STATEMENT DATA(10): Revenues Operating income (loss) Income (loss) from continuing operations (9) Loss from discontinued operations Net income (loss) (9) Basic earnings (loss) per share: Income (loss) from continuing operations (9) Loss from discontinued operations Net income (loss) (9) Diluted earnings (loss) per share: Income (loss) from continuing operations (9) Loss from discontinued operations Net income (loss) (9) BALANCE SHEET DATA: Cash and cash equivalents Working capital, net of cash Current assets (11) Property, plant and equipment, net Total assets (11) Current maturities of long-term debt and notes payable Long-term debt, less current maturities Total liabilities (11) Total stockholders’ equity 2015(1) Years Ended December 31, 2012(5)(6) 2013(3)(4) (In thousands, except per share amounts) 2014(2) 2011(7)(8) $ 1,333,570 19,946 (8,067) — (8,067) $ 1,331,421 (19,812) (33,320) (3,847) (37,167) $ 1,091,420 66,882 50,812 (6,461) 44,351 $ 1,016,831 81,803 54,374 (1,713) 52,661 $ 925,766 45,707 27,134 (587) 26,547 (0.22) — (0.22) (0.22) — (0.22) (0.88) (0.10) (0.98) (0.88) (0.10) (0.98) 1.31 (0.17) 1.14 1.30 (0.17) 1.13 1.38 (0.04) 1.34 1.37 (0.04) 1.33 0.68 (0.01) 0.67 0.68 (0.01) 0.67 $ 209,253 171,176 678,196 144,833 1,258,307 $ 174,965 198,834 638,122 168,213 1,295,673 $ 158,045 210,858 603,858 182,303 1,362,918 $ 133,676 202,469 560,661 183,163 1,217,894 $ 105,292 219,974 517,985 166,614 1,124,964 17,648 337,774 663,751 578,025 26,399 351,076 650,588 626,635 22,024 366,616 650,497 709,368 33,775 221,848 501,774 699,316 26,541 222,868 475,975 640,732 _________________________________ (1) 2015 results include expenses of $11.0 million related to our 2014 Restructuring, $43.5 million related to certain goodwill impairments, and $1.9 million related to our acquisitions of Schultz, Underground Solutions and diligence on other targets. Results also include $3.4 million related to expenses associated with the amended and restated $650 million senior secured credit facility and our write-off of unamortized debt issuance costs from our prior credit facility. (2) 2014 results include expenses of $49.5 million related to our 2014 Restructuring, $52.7 million related to certain goodwill and definite- lived intangible asset impairments, and $1.4 million related to our acquisition of Brinderson and other targets. Results also include $4.5 million in proceeds received in connection with the settlement of escrow claims related to the purchase of Brinderson. (3) 2013 results include expenses of $5.8 million related to our acquisition of Brinderson and other targets. (4) 2013 results include amounts from our acquisition of Brinderson from its acquisition date of July 1, 2013. (5) 2012 results include expenses of $3.1 million related to our acquisitions of Fyfe LA, Fyfe Asia and other targets. (6) 2012 results include amounts from our acquisitions of Fyfe LA and Fyfe Asia from their acquisition dates of January 4, 2012 and April 5, 2012, respectively. (7) 2011 results include expenses of $6.4 million related to our acquisitions of CRTS, Hockway, Fyfe NA and Fyfe LA, $2.2 million related to a Company-wide restructuring program and $6.8 million related to the redemption of our Senior Notes due 2013 and our write-off of unamortized debt issuance costs from our prior credit facility. (8) 2011 results include amounts from our acquisitions of CRTS, Hockway and Fyfe NA from their acquisition dates of June 30, 2011, August 2, 2011 and August 31, 2011, respectively. (9) All periods presented include amounts attributable to Aegion Corporation. (10) All amounts have been restated for the impact of discontinued operations. (11) Amounts also include certain components of discontinued operations. 33 Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operation. Executive Summary We are a global leader in infrastructure protection and maintenance, providing proprietary technologies and services: (i) to protect against the corrosion of industrial pipelines; (ii) to rehabilitate and strengthen water, wastewater, energy and mining piping systems as well as buildings, bridges, tunnels and other commercial and industrial structures; and (iii) to utilize integrated professional services in engineering, procurement, construction, maintenance and turnaround services for a broad range of energy related industries. Our business activities include manufacturing, distribution, maintenance, construction, installation, coating and insulation, cathodic protection, research and development and licensing. Our products and services are currently utilized and performed in approximately 80 countries across six continents. We believe the depth and breadth of our products and services platform make us a leading “one-stop” provider for the world’s infrastructure rehabilitation and protection needs. Our Long-Term Strategy Aegion is committed to being a valued partner to our customers. We are focused on expanding those relationships by improving execution in all that we do while also developing or acquiring innovative technologies and comprehensive services to enhance our capabilities to help our customers solve complex infrastructure problems. We are pursuing a number of strategic initiatives, including the following: • We seek to create a diverse portfolio of technologies to rehabilitate pipelines under pressure, primarily potable water, through both internal development and acquisitions to address our customers’ needs to maintain and improve their water and wastewater pipeline infrastructure. On February 18, 2016, we acquired Underground Solutions, Inc. adding a patented fusible PVC pipe technology to expand our presence in the pressure pipe market. We are also pursuing two internal R&D efforts to improve existing cured-in-place pipe rehabilitation products and develop a new technology specifically for the small diameter portion of the market. With our Fyfe®/Fibrwrap® technology for large diameter pipelines, we plan to offer our customers a broader set of trenchless rehabilitation solutions in the years to come. • Our customers have a growing need to more accurately assess and manage their infrastructure assets. This is particularly the case in the midstream pipeline market given the need for safety, regulatory compliance and protecting the environment. We are investing to create an asset integrity program designed to increase the accuracy of the pipeline assessment data we collect today and upgrade how we share this valuable information with customers. We plan to use geospatial mapping software and data management systems to interface with the database systems most commonly used by our large customers. We are also creating a robust database repository to help other customers with their integrity management systems. Our ability to automate data gathering, storage and visualization can improve our efficiency in operations and standardize our proposals, processes and reporting format. We plan to offer new services that would allow data validation, enhanced analytics and predictive maintenance and also enhance customer regulatory compliance. • We strive to be a strong partner with our customers across the markets we serve. Our experience and expertise give us the ability to efficiently adopt new technologies and services to expand our abilities to solve the problems our customers face. Our strategy is to find value added and higher margin technologies and services, which complement our existing portfolio, expand our service offerings and give us the opportunity to strengthen our relationships with customers. • Aegion is committed to improving as a company and charting the right course for future growth. In 2015, we adopted a new set of core values that guide us toward our mission to keep infrastructure working better, safer and longer for our customers throughout the world. Two of these core values are centered on being better and solving problems, and we are focused on developing a continuous improvement culture, using LEAN principles and structure. In addition, we have recently hired a chief sales officer, to bring significant focus on our sales and marketing efforts across our various business platforms. Our Segments We have three operating segments, which are also our reportable segments: Infrastructure Solutions, Corrosion Protection and Energy Services. Our operating segments correspond to our management organizational structure. Each operating segment has leadership that reports to our chief executive officer, who is also the chief operating decision manager (“CODM”). The operating results and financial information reported by each of the segments are evaluated separately, reviewed regularly and used by the CODM to evaluate segment performance, allocate resources and determine management incentive compensation. 34 Infrastructure Solutions – Aging urban infrastructure will require increasing rehabilitation and maintenance over the long term. While the pace of growth is primarily driven by government funding, the overall market needs result in a long-term stable growth opportunity for Aegion and its market leading brands, Insituform®, Fyfe®, Tyfo®, Fibrwrap® Underground Solutions® and Fusible PVC®. We optimize our municipal rehabilitation and commercial infrastructure operations by: (i) focusing on sales and operational excellence; (ii) adding new, innovative technologies and services through licensing or selective acquisitions; (iii) enhancing returns through product manufacturing and increased third- party product sales; and (iv) addressing the need in international markets with alternative business models, including licensing and product sales. Corrosion Protection – Investment in North America’s pipeline infrastructure is required to transport product from non-conventional oil and gas fields, the Gulf of Mexico deep-water reserves and the oil and gas shale reserves, to end markets in a safe and environmentally correct manner. Corrosion Protection has a broad portfolio of technologies and services to protect pipelines, including cathodic protection, linings, coatings and an increasing offering of inspection and repair capabilities. We provide solutions to customers to enhance the safety, environmental integrity, reliability and compliance of their pipelines in the oil and gas market. We will seek to license or acquire new technologies based on the needs of our customers, those of which would benefit from our market-leading presence and distribution channel. We are investing in systems and processes designed to make it easier for customers to do business with Aegion. This includes the development of an asset integrity program which is expected to increase the accuracy of data we collect, as well as improve the management information interfaces with our customers. Energy Services – With the continued development of conventional oil and gas reserves, North America will have competitive prices for refinery and petrochemical feedstocks. Energy Services offers a unique value proposition based on its world class safety and labor productivity programs, which allow us to provide cost effective maintenance, turnaround and construction services at our customers’ refineries and petrochemical facilities. We plan to enhance our market position through expanded service offerings to current customers. Business Outlook For 2016, we anticipate favorable end markets within municipal water and wastewater, commercial infrastructure and United States West Coast downstream refining, which comprise the majority of our business. Infrastructure Solutions remains focused on maintaining its leadership position by taking advantage of favorable market conditions in North America. The acquisition of Underground Solutions on February 18, 2016 represents an important step to advance our strategic objective to expand our presence in the growing trenchless pressure pipe rehabilitation market in North America. Underground Solutions’ contributions in 2016 are expected to be accretive to earnings per share. We anticipate a second year of challenging upstream energy market conditions as a result of the persistent low oil price environment. On January 4, 2016, we took actions to reduce our exposure in high-cost oil extraction regions in Canada and Central California. As a result of customer actions and our own decisions, we expect an approximate $100 million reduction in annual revenues in those two regions. During the fourth quarter of 2015, two large upstream customers in Central California significantly reduced our time and material maintenance contracts going forward, which represented approximately $70 million in annual revenues. Additionally, we sold our 51% ownership in a Western Canada pipe coating joint venture on February 1, 2016, which represented approximately $30 million in annual revenues. These actions reduced the Company’s upstream exposure to between 5 to 10 percent of expected total 2016 revenues from 15 to 20 percent in 2015. We also announced a restructuring plan to reduce annual operating costs across the entire organization in 2016 by approximately $15 million, primarily to preserve margins in the Energy Services segment and right-size the Corrosion Protection segment to better compete in the energy markets. The Corrosion Protection platform is likely to experience a more severe impact from these market conditions than in 2015 because of reduced market activity, especially for the pipe coating facility in Louisiana. While we expect the midstream market to increase investment, the risk is greater for project delays and even cancellations. A large off-shore, deep-water, pipe coating and insulation project contract, with a multi-year value of more than $130 million, has the potential to nearly offset the expected negative impact if we are able to begin pipe coating production at our Louisiana coating facility in the fourth quarter of 2016. The Energy Services platform will rely more on the downstream business as a result of the actions to reduce Aegion Energy Services’ upstream exposure. Favorable market conditions indicate another expected good year for refinery maintenance and other facility services on the West Coast, although we benefited in 2015 from some one-time events that increased billable hours. The United States dollar remains strong compared to other industrial and emerging market currencies. It is not clear what the currency translation impact may be in 2016; however, the Canadian dollar and the Australian dollar, along with the British 35 pound and euro, have declined against the United States dollar in the first two months of 2016 compared to 2015’s average rates. The favorable market conditions for a majority of Aegion’s business and the proactive strategic actions we have taken give us the opportunity for more stability in 2016. Longer-term, we believe our diversified portfolio of technologies and services will deliver sustainable growth as we have repositioned our upstream oil exposure to reflect current market realities. The strategic initiatives we previously outlined are expected to: (i) enhance our long-term growth opportunities by accessing new customers and new markets to rehabilitate water pressure pipelines, (ii) enable more effective pipeline asset integrity management in the growing midstream market and (iii) provide higher-margin services through strong customer relationships in the West Coast downstream refining market. Strategic Initiatives/Divestitures 2016 Restructuring On January 4, 2016, our board of directors approved a restructuring plan (the “2016 Restructuring”) to reduce our exposure to the upstream oil markets and to reduce consolidated annual expenses. As part of management’s ongoing assessment of our energy-related businesses, management determined that the persistent low price of oil is expected to create market challenges for the foreseeable future, including reduced customer spending in 2016. The 2016 Restructuring is expected to reposition Energy Services’ upstream operations in California, reduce Corrosion Protection’s upstream exposure by divesting our interest in a Canadian pipe coating joint venture, right-size Corrosion Protection to compete more effectively and reduce corporate and other operating costs. The 2016 Restructuring is expected to reduce annual operating costs by approximately $15.0 million, most of which is expected to be realized in 2016, primarily through headcount reductions and office closures. We expect to reduce headcount by approximately 652 employees, or 10.5% of our total workforce, and record estimated pre-tax charges, most of which are cash charges, of between $7.0 million to $9.0 million. The 2016 Restructuring charges are expected to be recorded primarily in the first quarter of 2016 and consist mainly of employee severance, extension of benefits, employment assistance programs, early lease termination and other non-cash costs. On February 1, 2016, we sold our 51% ownership in a Western Canada pipe coating joint venture as part of the effort to reduce our exposure in the North American upstream market. Additionally, we incurred goodwill impairment charges related to Energy Services. See the consolidated financial statements contained in this report for further information. 2014 Restructuring On October 6, 2014, our board of directors approved the 2014 Restructuring to improve gross margins and profitability in the long term by exiting low-return markets and reducing the size and cost of our overhead structure. The 2014 Restructuring generated annual operating cost savings of approximately $10.8 million, which was in-line with our initial estimate, and consisted of approximately $8.4 million and $2.4 million of recognized savings within Infrastructure Solutions and Corrosion Protection, respectively. We achieved these cost savings by (i) exiting certain unprofitable international locations for our Insituform business and consolidating our worldwide Fyfe business with the global Insituform business, all of which is in Infrastructure Solutions; and (ii) eliminating certain idle facilities in our Bayou pipe coating operation in Louisiana, which is in Corrosion Protection. We have substantially completed all of the aforementioned objectives related to the 2014 Restructuring. Total headcount reductions were 86 as of December 31, 2015. Remaining headcount reductions and cash costs related to the 2014 Restructuring are not expected to be material. In February 2015, and in connection with the 2014 Restructuring, we sold our wholly-owned subsidiary, VII, our French CIPP contracting operation, to certain employees of VII. In connection with the sale, we entered into a five-year exclusive tube supply agreement whereby VII will purchase liners from Insituform Lining. VII will also be entitled to continue to use its trade name based on a trade mark license granted for the same five-year time period. The sale resulted in a loss of approximately $2.9 million that was recorded to other income (expense) in the Consolidated Statement of Operations during the first quarter of 2015. See the consolidated financial statements contained in this report for further information. In December 2014, and in connection with the 2014 Restructuring, we sold our wholly-owned subsidiary, Ka-te, our Swiss contracting operation, to Marco Daetwyler Gruppe AG, a Swiss company. In connection with the sale, we entered into a five- year tube supply agreement whereby Ka-te will purchase liners from Insituform Lining. Ka-te will also be entitled to continue to use its trade name based on a trade mark license granted for the same five-year time period. The sale resulted in a loss of approximately $0.5 million that was recorded to other income (expense) in the Consolidated Statement of Operations during the fourth quarter of 2014. See the consolidated financial statements contained in this report for further information. Total pre-tax restructuring charges since inception were $60.5 million ($44.9 million million post-tax) and consisted of non-cash charges totaling $48.6 million and cash charges totaling $11.9 million. The non-cash charges of $48.6 million 36 included (i) $22.2 million related to the impairment of certain long-lived assets and definite-lived intangible assets for Bayou’s pipe coating operation in Louisiana, which is reported in Corrosion Protection, and (ii) $26.4 million related to impairment of definite-lived intangible assets, allowances for accounts receivable, write-off of certain other current assets and long-lived assets, inventory obsolescence, as well as losses related to the sales of our CIPP contracting operations in France and Switzerland, which are reported in Infrastructure Solutions. Cash charges totaling $11.9 million included employee severance, retention, extension of benefits, employment assistance programs and other costs associated with the restructuring of Insituform’s European and Asia-Pacific operations and Fyfe’s worldwide business. While estimated remaining cash costs to be incurred in 2016 for the 2014 Restructuring are not expected to be material, we expect to incur additional non-cash charges in 2016, primarily related to the potential release of cumulative currency translation adjustments resulting from the disposal of certain entities as well as the foreign currency impact from settlement of inter- company loans. See “Financial Statements and Supplementary Data” in Item 8 of this report for further discussion regarding our recent acquisitions and strategic initiatives. Results of Operations Overview Throughout much of 2015, Infrastructure Solutions experienced increased revenues and expanded gross margins due to favorable market conditions, improved execution, increased productivity and manufacturing efficiencies. Infrastructure Solutions also saw improved profitability resulting from the benefits of the 2014 Restructuring. Market conditions in portions of Corrosion Protection and Energy Services, however, were challenging in 2015 due to lower oil prices, which negatively impacted our customers’ spending patterns. As it is likely that depressed oil and gas prices may continue for some time, we continue to evaluate and position portions of our upstream businesses to better meet these market conditions. Decreased revenues in portions of Corrosion Protection and Energy Services, caused by controlled spending by certain customers, negatively impacted revenues and gross profit in 2015. In addition, we saw compressed gross margins, primarily due to lower pricing, reduced overtime and mix of services. In contrast, the downstream portion of Energy Services experienced increased revenues and profitability due to continued strong refining production. Significant Events Impairment of goodwill – We recorded pre-tax, non-cash goodwill impairment charges of $43.5 million ($35.7 million post-tax) and $51.5 million ($45.8 million post-tax) during 2015 and 2014, respectively (see Note 2 to the consolidated financial statements contained in this report). These charges were recorded as follows: Energy Services Reporting Unit – During the fourth quarter of 2015, we recognized a pre-tax, non-cash charge of $33.5 million. In response to contract losses in the Central California upstream energy market during the fourth quarter of 2015 and our subsequent decision to reduce exposure to the upstream market, we performed a market assessment of our energy-related businesses and concluded that sustained low oil prices will continue to create market challenges for the foreseeable future, including a continued reduction in spending by certain of our customers in 2016. The loss of the contracts, coupled with the decision to downsize, caused us to perform an interim impairment review of the goodwill and long-lived assets of our operations affected by these circumstances. As a result of the review, we determined that goodwill was impaired; however, there were no impairment charges related to long-lived assets. The Energy Services reporting unit is included in the Energy Services reportable segment. CRTS Reporting Unit – During the fourth quarters of 2015 and 2014, we recognized pre-tax, non-cash charges of $10.0 million and $5.7 million, respectively. For both periods, we performed an impairment review for goodwill and long-lived assets as a result of customer-driven work delays, work order cancellations and canceled sales opportunities as a result of declining oil prices. In 2015, the impairment resulted from our annual assessment of goodwill. In 2014, the impairment resulted from an interim impairment review. For each period, we determined that goodwill was impaired; however, there were no impairment charges related to long-lived assets in either period. The CRTS reporting unit is included in the Corrosion Protection reportable segment. Bayou Reporting Unit – During the fourth quarter of 2014, we recognized a pre-tax, non-cash charge of $29.7 million. We performed an interim impairment review of Bayou’s goodwill as a result of customer-driven work delays, work order cancellations and canceled sales opportunities stemming from declining oil prices. As a result of our review, we determined that goodwill was impaired. The Bayou reporting unit is included in the Corrosion Protection reportable segment. 37 Fyfe Reporting Unit – During the fourth quarter of 2014, we recognized a pre-tax, non-cash charge of $16.1 million as part of our annual impairment assessment for goodwill. Fair value had fallen due to lower long-term expectations for the Fyfe businesses, primarily in North America. As a result of our assessment, we determined that goodwill was impaired. The Fyfe reporting unit is included in the Infrastructure Solutions reportable segment. Impairment of long-lived assets – During 2014, we recorded pre-tax, non-cash long-lived asset impairment charges of $24.0 million ($14.5 million post-tax) (see Note 2 to the consolidated financial statements contained in this report). These charges were recorded as follows: Bayou, Europe and Asia-Pacific Reporting Units – In the third quarter of 2014, as part of our 2014 Restructuring, we recognized pre-tax, non-cash property and equipment impairment charges of $11.9 million related to (i) our Bayou and Bayou Delta asset groups within our Bayou reporting unit, (ii) our France asset group within our Europe reporting unit, and (iii) our Malaysia and India asset groups within our Asia-Pacific reporting unit. We evaluated the property and equipment of our global operations affected by the 2014 Restructuring and determined that these asset groups were impaired. The Europe and Asia-Pacific reporting units and their related assets groups are included in the Infrastructure Solutions reportable segment. Also included in the impairment assessment were Bayou-related intangible assets such as tradenames and customer relationships that were also tested on an undiscounted cash flow basis. Based on the results of the valuation, the carrying amount of the customer relationship intangible asset at Bayou exceeded the fair value and resulted in a full impairment as of September 30, 2014. Accordingly, we recorded a $10.9 million impairment charge in the third quarter of 2014. Fyfe Reporting Unit – During the fourth quarter of 2014, we recognized a pre-tax, non-cash charge of $1.2 million as a result of our annual impairment assessment for goodwill. During the goodwill assessment, the Fyfe reporting unit had a fair value below its carrying value, which caused us to perform an impairment review of long-lived assets. As a result of our review, we determined that the customer relationship intangible asset related to our Fyfe Latin America asset group had been impaired. 2014 Restructuring – As part of the 2014 Restructuring, we recorded pre-tax charges of $11.0 million ( $8.7 million post- tax) and $26.7 million ($22.5 million post-tax) during 2015 and 2014, respectively. These charges exclude long-lived asset impairment charges of $22.8 million in 2014 for the Bayou, Europe and Asia-Pacific reporting units noted above. Including those charges, total 2014 Restructuring pre-tax charges were $49.5 million ($36.2 million post-tax) in 2014 (see Notes 2 and 3 to the consolidated financial statements contained in this report). Brinderson escrow settlement – During the fourth quarter of 2014, we finalized the settlement (“Brinderson escrow settlement”) of negotiated working capital for the Brinderson acquisition in 2013 as well as escrow claims made pursuant to the purchase agreement. As a result of the settlement, we received proceeds of approximately $5.5 million, $1.0 million of which was recorded as a purchase price adjustment related to working capital, and the remaining $4.5 million was recorded as an offset to operating expense in the Consolidated Statement of Operations. Brinderson is reported in the Energy Services reportable segment. Divestitures – In December 2015, we recognized a loss of $0.6 million related to the sale of our 51% joint venture interest in BPPC, which transaction closed in February 2016 (see Note 16 to the consolidated financial statements contained in this report). In March 2014, we recognized a loss of $0.5 million related to the sale of our 49% joint venture interest in Bayou Coating. In June 2013, we recognized a gain of $11.3 million ($7.9 million post-tax) related to the sale of our 50% joint venture interest in Germany (Insituform Rohrsanierungstechniken GmbH). The sale price was €14 million, or approximately $18.3 million. See Note 1 to the consolidated financial statements contained in this report. 38 2015 $ 1,333,570 Years Ended December 31, 2014 $ 1,331,421 2013 $ 1,091,420 275,787 279,983 247,021 20.7% 21.0 % 22.6% 209,477 43,484 — — 1,912 968 19,946 234,105 51,512 12,116 — 1,375 687 (19,812) 178,483 — — (4,175) 5,831 — 66,882 2015 vs 2014 Increase (Decrease) 2014 vs 2013 Increase (Decrease) $ $ 2,149 (4,196) N/A (24,628) (8,028) (12,116) — $ % 0.2 % $ 240,001 (1.5) (30)bp 32,962 N/A (10.5) N/M N/M — 55,622 51,512 12,116 (4,175) % 22.0 % 13.3 (160)bp 31.2 N/M N/M N/M 537 281 39.1 40.9 39,758 200.7 (4,456) 687 (86,694) (76.4) N/M (129.6) 1.5% (1.5)% 6.1% N/A 300bp N/A (760)bp (7,990) (31,565) 52,007 23,575 (74.7) (83,572) (160.7) Operating Results (dollars in thousands) Revenues Gross profit Gross profit margin Operating expenses Goodwill impairment Definite-lived intangible asset impairment Earnout reversal Acquisition-related expenses Restructuring charges Operating income (loss) Operating margin Income (loss) from continuing operations ______________________________ “N/A” represents not applicable. “N/M” represents not meaningful. 2015 Compared to 2014 Revenues Revenues increased $2.1 million, or 0.2%, to $1,333.6 million in 2015 compared to $1,331.4 million in 2014. The increase in revenues was primarily due to increased maintenance and turnaround services activity in our downstream operation within Energy Services, increased North American contracting installation services activity within Infrastructure Solutions, and increased project activity in our Bayou pipe coating operation in Louisiana within Corrosion Protection. Partially offsetting the increase in revenues were negative impacts from foreign currency rates in relation to the U.S dollar which equated to a $51.8 million decline in revenues in 2015 compared to 2014. Revenues also declined as a result of our 2014 Restructuring; whereby we exited or were in the process of exiting, certain under-performing operations located in Europe and Asia-Pacific regions in 2015. Additionally, revenues declined in our upstream and midstream oil and gas operations within Energy Services and Corrosion Protection. Depressed oil and gas prices have resulted in certain customers within Energy Services and Corrosion Protection seeking to either delay project start dates or renegotiate contract terms, including reductions in the prices of our products and services, or in some instances, contract cancellations or revisions. Gross Profit and Gross Profit Margin Gross profit decreased $4.2 million, or 1.5%, to $275.8 million in 2015 compared to $280.0 million in 2014. Excluding 2014 Restructuring charges of $2.7 million and $4.4 million in 2015 and 2014, respectively, within Infrastructure Solutions and long-lived asset impairment charges of $11.3 million in 2014 within Corrosion Protection, gross profit decreased $17.2 million, or 5.8%, to $278.5 million in 2015 compared to $295.7 million in 2014. The change in foreign currency rates in relation to the U.S. dollar negatively impacted gross profit by $10.6 million in 2015 compared to the prior year. Gross profit margin declined 30 basis points to 20.7% in 2015 from 21.0% in 2014. Excluding 2014 Restructuring charges and long-lived asset impairment charges noted above, gross profit margin declined 130 basis points to 20.9% in 2015 from 22.2% in 2014. See Segment Results below for broader discussion regarding changes in gross profit and gross profit margin by segment. Operating Expenses Operating expenses decreased $24.6 million, or 10.5%, to $209.5 million in 2015 compared to $234.1 million in 2014. In 2015, we recorded a loss reserve of $2.9 million related to a long-dated accounts receivable in Corrosion Protection and a loss 39 reserve of $2.8 million related to a legal matter in Infrastructure Solutions. In 2014, we recorded a loss reserve of $7.5 million related to a disputed and long-dated accounts receivable in Infrastructure Solutions and an offset to operating expenses of $4.5 million related to the Brinderson escrow settlement in Energy Services. Excluding (i) the loss reserves of $2.9 million and $7.5 million in 2015 and 2014, respectively, (ii) the loss reserve of $2.8 million related to a legal matter in 2015, (iii) the Brinderson escrow settlement offset of $4.5 million in 2014, and (iv) 2014 Restructuring charges of $4.4 million and $20.5 million in 2015 and 2014, respectively, within Infrastructure Solutions; operating expenses decreased $11.2 million, or 5.3%, to $199.4 million in 2015 compared to $210.6 million in 2014. The decrease in operating expenses was primarily the result of cost savings achieved in our European, Asia-Pacific and North American operations as part of the 2014 Restructuring, as well as favorable impacts from foreign currency rates in relation to the U.S. dollar. Additionally, operating expenses in Corrosion Protection decreased as a result of controlled spending efforts in our operations servicing the upstream market given the challenging market conditions. Partially offsetting these decreasing factors was an increase in operating expenses related to additional staff to support recent growth in the downstream refining market serviced by Energy Services. The change in foreign currency rates in relation to the U.S. dollar favorably impacted operating expenses by $4.7 million in 2015 compared to the prior year. Operating expenses as a percentage of revenues were 15.7% and 17.6% in 2015 and 2014 respectively. Excluding the loss reserve for long-dated accounts receivable, the Brinderson escrow settlement and the 2014 Restructuring charges as noted above, operating expenses as a percentage of revenues were 15.0% and 15.8% in 2015 and 2014, respectively. Consolidated Income (Loss) from Continuing Operations Consolidated loss from continuing operations was $8.0 million in 2015, an improvement of $23.6 million, or 74.7%, from a consolidated loss of $31.6 million in 2014. Excluding the following pre-tax items: (i) 2014 Restructuring charges of $11.0 million and $26.7 million in 2015 and 2014, respectively, (ii) goodwill impairment charges of $43.5 million and $51.5 million in 2015 and 2014, (iii) definite-lived intangible asset impairment charges of $24.0 million in 2014, (iv) loss reserves of $2.9 million and $7.5 million in 2015 and 2014, respectively, related to long-dated accounts receivable, (v) a loss reserve of $2.8 million related to a legal matter in 2015, (vi) Brinderson escrow settlement gain of $4.5 million in 2014, (vii) the loss on the sale of BPPC of $0.6 million in 2015 and (viii) acquisition-related expenses of $1.9 million and $1.4 million in 2015 and 2014, respectively; consolidated income from continuing operations was $46.1 million in 2015, a decrease of $7.0 million, or 13.3%, from consolidated income from continuing operations of $53.1 million in 2014. The decrease in consolidated income from continuing operations, excluding the items noted above, was primarily due to the decline in project activities in our upstream, and to a lesser extent midstream, operations within Corrosion Protection and Energy Services, which have been negatively impacted by the sharp decline in oil prices and reduced customer spending. Partially offsetting the decrease in consolidated income from continuing operations was an increase primarily driven by increased contracting installation services activity in Infrastructure Solutions and increased customer demand for services provided by our downstream operation in Energy Services. The change in foreign currency rates in relation to the U.S. dollar negatively impacted consolidated income from continuing operations by $4.2 million in 2015 compared to the prior year. 2014 Compared to 2013 Revenues Revenues increased $240.0 million, or 22.0%, to $1,331.4 million in 2014 compared to $1,091.4 million in 2013. The increase in revenues was primarily due to the acquisition of Brinderson in July 2013, which contributed $148.6 million in revenues during the first six months of 2014 with no revenues in the first six months of the prior year period. Additionally, revenues in Infrastructure Solutions increased $37.9 million, or 7.2%, in 2014 compared to the prior period primarily due to increased contract installation service activities in our North American operation. Partially offsetting the increase in revenues was a decrease primarily related to a decline in project activities in our industrial linings operation and our pipe coating operation in Louisiana within Corrosion Protection. Gross Profit and Gross Profit Margin Gross profit increased $33.0 million, or 13.4%, to $280.0 million in 2014 compared to $247.0 million in 2013. Excluding 2014 Restructuring charges of $4.3 million in 2014 within Infrastructure Solutions and long-lived asset impairment charges of $11.3 million in 2014 within Corrosion Protection, gross profit increased $48.6 million, or 19.7%, to $295.6 million in 2014 compared to $247.0 million in 2013. 40 The change in foreign currency rates in relation to the U.S. dollar negatively impacted gross profit for by $4.7 million in 2014 compared to the prior year. Gross profit margin declined 160 basis points to 21.0% in 2014 from 22.6% in 2013. Excluding 2014 Restructuring charges and long-lived asset impairment charges noted above, gross profit margin declined 40 basis points to 22.2% in 2014 from 22.6% in 2013. See Segment Results below for broader discussion regarding changes in gross profit and gross profit margin by segment. Operating Expenses Operating expenses increased $55.6 million, or 31.2%, to $234.1 million in 2014 compared to $178.5 million in 2013. Excluding (i) the loss reserve of $7.5 million in 2014 as noted above, (ii) 2014 Restructuring charges of $20.6 million in 2014 within Infrastructure Solutions, (iii) the Brinderson escrow settlement offset of $4.5 million in 2014, and (iv) $13.9 million related to Brinderson’s first six months of 2014 with no operating expenses in the first six months of 2013; operating expenses increased $18.2 million, or 10.2%, to $196.7 million in 2014 compared to $178.5 million in 2013. The increase in operating expenses was primarily due to increased costs related to building certain sales and operational organizations to support growth. The change in foreign currency rates in relation to the U.S. dollar favorably impacted operating expenses for the segment by $1.7 million in 2015 compared to the prior year. Operating expenses as a percentage of revenues were 17.6% and 16.4% in 2014 and 2013, respectively. Excluding the loss reserve for long-dated accounts receivable, 2014 Restructuring charges, the Brinderson escrow settlement, and the first six months of Brinderson’s operating expenses in 2014 as there were no operating expenses in the first six months of 2013, as noted above, operating expenses as a percentage of revenues were 14.8% and 16.4% in 2014 and 2013, respectively. Consolidated Income (Loss) from Continuing Operations Consolidated loss from continuing operations was $31.6 million in 2014, a decrease of $83.6 million, or 160.7%, from income of $52.0 million in 2013. Excluding the following pre-tax items: (i) 2014 Restructuring charges of $26.7 million in 2014, (ii) goodwill impairment charges of $51.5 million in 2014, (iii) definite-lived intangible asset impairment charges of $12.1 million in 2014, (iv) long- lived asset impairment charges of $11.3 million in 2014, (v) Brinderson escrow settlement gain of $4.5 million in 2014, and (vi) gain on sale of our 50% joint venture interest in Germany (Insituform Rohrsanierungstechniken GmbH) totaling $7.9 million post-tax in 2013; consolidated income from continuing operations was $54.4 million in 2014, an increase of $10.3 million, or 23.4%, from $44.1 million in 2013. The increase in consolidated income from continuing operations, excluding items noted above, was primarily due to a full year contribution from Brinderson, which was acquired on July 1, 2013, and increased revenues and related profitability in Infrastructure Solutions. Partially offsetting the increase in consolidated income from continuing operations was a decrease related to a decline in project activities in Corrosion Protection, specifically within our industrial linings operation and our pipe coating operation in Louisiana. Also contributing to the decrease were higher interest costs, as a result of higher principal balances related to a full year 2014 versus six months in 2013 from the Brinderson acquisition, and a higher effective income tax rate in 2014. The change in foreign currency rates in relation to the U.S. dollar negatively impacted consolidated income from continuing operations by $2.2 million in 2014 compared to the prior year. Contract Backlog Contract backlog is our expectation of revenues to be generated from received, signed and uncompleted contracts, the cancellation of which is not anticipated at the time of reporting. We assume that these signed contracts are funded. For its government or municipal contracts, the Company’s customers generally obtain funding through local budgets or pre-approved bond financing. We have not undertaken a process to verify funding status of these contracts and, therefore, cannot reasonably estimate what portion, if any, of its contracts in backlog have not been funded. However, we have little history of signed contracts being canceled due to the lack of funding. Contract backlog excludes any term contract amounts for which there are not specific and determinable work releases and projects where we have been advised that we are the low bidder, but have not formally been awarded the contract. 41 The following table summarizes our consolidated backlog by segment for each of the last three years (in millions): Infrastructure Solutions (1) Corrosion Protection Energy Services (2) Total backlog _________________________________ December 31, 2015 2014 2013 $ $ 311.2 $ 337.5 $ 272.5 192.8 176.0 244.5 776.5 $ 758.0 $ 329.9 160.8 268.3 759.0 (1) December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013 included backlog from restructured entities of $0.8 million, $3.7 million and $19.2 million, respectively. (2) December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013 included upstream-related backlog of $41.1 million, $96.5 million and $109.1 million, respectively. Included within backlog for Energy Services are amounts which represent expected revenues to be realized under long- term Master Service Agreements (“MSAs”) and other signed contracts. If the remaining term of these arrangements exceeds 12 months, the unrecognized revenues attributable to such arrangements included in backlog are limited to only the next 12 months of expected revenues. Although backlog represents only those contracts and MSAs that are considered to be firm, there can be no assurance that cancellation or scope adjustments will not occur with respect to such contracts. Within our Infrastructure Solutions and Corrosion Protection segments, certain contracts are performed through our variable interest entities, in which we own a controlling portion of the entity. As of December 31, 2015, 0.2% and 36.7% of our Infrastructure Solutions backlog and Corrosion Protection backlog, respectively, related to these variable interest entities. With the exception of Energy Services, a substantial majority of our contracts in these two segments are fixed price contracts with individual private businesses and municipal and federal government entities across the world. Energy Services, on the other hand, generally enters into cost reimbursable contracts that are based on costs incurred at agreed upon contractual rates. In accordance with industry practice, substantially all of our contracts are subject to cancellation or termination at the discretion of the customer. In a situation where a customer terminates a contract, we would ordinarily be entitled to receive payment for work performed up to the date of termination and, in certain circumstances, we may be entitled to allowable termination and cancellation costs. There were no significant cancellations in 2015. While management uses all information available to it to determine backlog, our backlog at any given time is subject to changes in the scope of services to be provided as well as increases or decreases in costs relating to the contracts included therein. Accordingly, backlog is not necessarily a reliable indicator of future revenues. Total contract backlog increased $18.5 million, or 2.4%, to $776.5 million at December 31, 2015 from $758.0 million at December 31, 2014. The increase in backlog was primarily due to a fixed price, pipe coating and insulation contract signed in the fourth quarter of 2015 with a large client. The value of this contact is more than $130 million and is included in our backlog within Corrosion Protection at December 31, 2015. Partially offsetting the increase in total backlog was a decrease primarily due to a decline in backlog related to upstream, and to a lesser extent midstream, activities within Energy Services and Corrosion Protection. As noted previously, the decline in crude oil prices has curtailed customer spending in these markets. In the event crude oil prices remain depressed, our outlook and contract backlog could continue to be be negatively impacted. Backlog for Infrastructure Solutions declined from 2014 levels due to several factors including the exit from certain international markets as part of the 2014 Restructuring, along with several large pressure pipe rehabilitation projects that were performed and completed during 2015. Market conditions continue to be favorable across most geographies for Infrastructure Solutions as municipal spending activity remains robust as a result of steady local economies and increased environmental enforcement. The backlog comparison includes a negative impact from foreign currency rates in relation to the U.S dollar, which equated to a $11.1 million decline in backlog at December 31, 2015 compared to December 31, 2014. Subject to factors discussed in Item 1A – “Risk Factors”, we estimate that approximately $650.0 million, or 83.7%, of total backlog at December 31, 2015 will be realized as revenues in 2016. 42 Segment Results Infrastructure Solutions Segment Key financial data for Infrastructure Solutions was as follows: Years Ended December 31, 2014 $567,205 2013 $ 529,301 2015 $ 556,234 139,895 135,883 119,458 25.2% 24.0 % 22.6% 90,928 124,101 — — — 1,132 968 46,867 16,069 1,220 — — 687 (6,194) 91,258 — — (287) — — 28,487 2015 vs 2014 Increase (Decrease) 2014 vs 2013 Increase (Decrease) $ $ (10,971) 4,012 N/A (33,173) (16,069) (1,220) — 1,132 281 53,061 % (1.9)% $ 37,904 $ % 7.2 % 3.0 120bp (26.7) N/M N/M — N/M 40.9 856.7 16,425 13.7 N/A 32,843 16,069 1,220 287 — 687 (34,681) 140bp 36.0 N/M N/M N/M — N/M (121.7) 8.4% (1.1)% 5.4% N/A 950bp N/A (650)bp (dollars in thousands) Revenues Gross profit Gross profit margin Operating expenses Goodwill impairment Definite-lived intangible asset impairment Earnout reversal Acquisition-related expenses Restructuring charges Operating income (loss) Operating margin ______________________________ “N/A” represents not applicable. “N/M” represents not meaningful. 2015 Compared to 2014 Revenues Revenues in Infrastructure Solutions decreased $11.0 million, or 1.9%, to $556.2 million in 2015 from $567.2 million in 2014. The decrease in revenues was primarily the result of negative impacts from foreign currency rates in relation to the U.S dollar which equated to a $22.3 million decline in revenues in 2015 compared to 2014. Revenues also declined as a result of our 2014 Restructuring; whereby, we exited, or were in the process of exiting, certain under-performing operations located in the Europe and Asia-Pacific regions in 2015. Partially offsetting the decrease in revenues was an increase related to growth in contracting installation services activity in our North American operation. Our North American operation benefited in 2015 from an increased backlog primarily due to favorable market conditions and improved market share. Gross Profit and Gross Profit Margin Gross profit in Infrastructure Solutions increased $4.0 million, or 3.0%, to $139.9 million in 2015 compared to $135.9 million in 2014. Excluding 2014 Restructuring charges of $2.7 million and $4.4 million in 2015 and 2014, respectively, gross profit increased $2.4 million, or 1.7%, to $142.6 million in 2015 compared to $140.2 million in 2014. The increase in gross profit was primarily due to increased revenues in our North American operation, supply cost savings related to resin, fuel and fiber costs as a result of lower commodity prices in 2015 compared to 2014, and improved project execution. Partially offsetting the increase in gross profit was a decrease related to a decline in contracting installation services activity in our European operation which was part of our 2014 Restructuring. The change in foreign currency rates in relation to the U.S. dollar negatively impacted gross profit for the segment by $4.6 million in 2015 compared to the prior year. Gross profit margin improved 120 basis points to 25.2% in 2015 from 24.0% in 2014. Excluding 2014 Restructuring charges, gross profit margin improved 90 basis points to 25.6% in 2015 from 24.7% in 2014. The increase in gross profit margin was primarily due to efficiencies, cost saving efforts, including cost savings from our 2014 Restructuring, and lower supply costs within our North American, European and Asia-Pacific operations. Operating Expenses Operating expenses in Infrastructure Solutions decreased $33.2 million, or 26.7%, to $90.9 million in 2015 compared to $124.1 million 2014. In 2015, we recorded a loss reserve of $2.8 million related to a legal matter. In 2014, we recorded a loss reserve of $7.5 million within operating expenses related to disputed and long-dated accounts receivables. Excluding (i) the loss reserve of $2.8 million related to a legal matter in 2015, (ii) the loss reserve of $7.5 million in 2014, and (iii) 2014 43 Restructuring charges of $4.4 million and $20.5 million in 2015 and 2014, respectively; operating expenses decreased $12.3 million, or 12.8%, to $83.8 million in 2015 compared to $96.1 million in 2014. The decrease in operating expenses was primarily the result of cost savings achieved in our European, Asia-Pacific and North American operations as part of the 2014 Restructuring. The change in foreign currency rates in relation to the U.S. dollar favorably impacted operating expenses for the segment by $2.5 million in 2015 compared to the prior year. Operating expenses as a percentage of revenues were 16.3% and 21.9% in 2015 and 2014, respectively. Excluding the loss reserve and 2014 Restructuring charges as noted above, operating expenses as a percentage of revenues were 15.1% and 16.9% in 2015 and 2014, respectively. Operating Income (Loss) and Operating Margin Infrastructure Solutions recognized operating income of $46.9 million in 2015 compared to a operating loss of $6.2 million in 2014. Operating margin in Infrastructure Solutions increased 950 basis points to 8.4% in 2015 from (1.1)% in 2014. Excluding the following pre-tax items: (i) loss reserve of $2.8 million related to a legal matter in 2015. (ii) loss reserve related to a disputed and long-dated accounts receivable of $7.5 million in 2014, (iii) 2014 Restructuring charges of $1.0 million and $0.7 million in 2015 and 2014, respectively, (iv) goodwill impairment charges of $16.1 million in 2014, (v) definite-lived intangible asset impairment charges of $1.2 million in 2014, and (vi) acquisition-related expenses of $1.1 million in 2015; Infrastructure Solutions recognized operating income of $58.8 million in 2015 compared to $44.2 million in 2014. Operating margin improved 280 basis points to 10.6% in 2015 from 7.8% in 2014. The increases in operating income and operating margin were primarily the result of cost savings achieved in our European, Asia-Pacific and North American operations as part of the 2014 Restructuring, supply cost savings and improved project execution. The change in foreign currency rates in relation to the U.S. dollar negatively impacted operating income for the segment by $2.0 million in 2015 compared to the prior year. 2014 Compared to 2013 Revenues Revenues in Infrastructure Solutions increased $37.9 million, or 7.2%, to $567.2 million in 2014 compared to $529.3 million in 2013. The increase in revenues was primarily due to increased contracting installation service activity in Insituform’s North American operation despite poor weather conditions that persisted much of the first quarter of 2014. Additionally, revenues improved as a result of increased project activity in Fyfe’s Asia-Pacific operation, along with modest growth in Fyfe’s North American operation as we continued to make progress to stabilize the North American operation following the departure of key employees in late 2012. Partially offsetting the increase in revenues was a decrease primarily due to a decline in Insituform’s contracting installation service activity in Europe and Asia-Pacific as we exited, or were in the process of exiting, certain under-performing operations located in these regions as part of the 2014 Restructuring. The change in foreign currency rates in relation to the U.S. dollar negatively impacted revenues for the segment by $5.1 million in 2014 compared to the prior year. Gross Profit and Gross Profit Margin Gross profit in Infrastructure Solutions increased $16.4 million, or 13.7%, to $135.9 million in 2014 compared to $119.5 million in 2013. Excluding 2014 Restructuring charges of $4.3 million, gross profit increased $20.7 million, or 17.3%, to $140.2 million in 2014 compared to $119.5 million in 2013. The increase in gross profit was primarily due to increased contracting installation service activities and improved project execution in our North American and Asia-Pacific operations for both Insituform and Fyfe. Partially offsetting the increase in gross profit were decreases mainly due to isolated project remediation efforts in Insituform’s European operation and certain project delays that negatively impacted profitability in Insituform’s Asia-Pacific operation. The change in foreign currency rates in relation to the U.S. dollar negatively impacted gross profit for the segment by $0.9 million in 2014 compared to the prior year. Gross profit margin improved 140 basis points to 24.0% in 2014 compared to 22.6% in 2013. Excluding 2014 Restructuring charges, gross profit margin improved 210 basis points to 24.7% in 2014 compared to 22.6% in 2013. The increase in gross profit margin was primarily due to strong project execution in our North American operations for both Insituform and Fyfe. 44 Operating Expenses Operating expenses in Infrastructure Solutions increased $32.8 million, or 36.0%, to $124.1 million in 2014 compared to $91.3 million 2013. In 2014, we recorded a loss reserve of $7.5 million within operating expenses related to a disputed and long-dated accounts receivable. Excluding the loss reserve of $7.5 million in 2014 and 2014 Restructuring charges of $20.6 million, operating expenses increased $4.8 million, or 5.3%, to $96.1 million in 2014 compared to $91.3 million in 2013. The increase in operating expenses was primarily due to support costs related to growth and to investments made to hire experienced sales and business development professionals in our Fyfe North American operation to restore the growth expected for this business. The change in foreign currency rates in relation to the U.S. dollar favorably impacted operating expenses for the segment by $0.8 million in 2014 compared to the prior year. Operating expenses as a percentage of revenues were 21.9% and 17.2% in 2014 and 2013, respectively. Excluding the loss reserve related to disputed accounts receivable and 2014 Restructuring charges as noted above, operating expenses as a percentage of revenues were 16.9% and 17.2% in 2014 and 2013, respectively. Operating Income (Loss) and Operating Margin Infrastructure Solutions recognized a operating loss of $6.2 million in 2014 compared to operating income of $28.5 million in 2013. Operating margin decreased 650 basis points to (1.1)% in 2014 compared to 5.4% in 2013. Excluding the following pre-tax items: (i) 2014 Restructuring charges of $25.5 million, (ii) goodwill impairment of $16.1 million, (iii) definite-lived intangible asset impairment of $1.2 million, and (iv) a loss reserve of $7.5 million related to a disputed and long-dated accounts receivable; Infrastructure Solutions recognized operating income of $44.2 million in 2014 compared to $28.5 million in 2013. Operating margin improved 230 basis points to 7.7% in 2014 compared to 5.4% in 2013. The increases in operating income and operating margin were primarily due to increased revenues and related gross profit in our North American operation for both Insituform and Fyfe. The change in foreign currency rates in relation to the U.S. dollar negatively impacted operating income for the segment by $0.1 million in 2014 compared to the prior year. Corrosion Protection Segment Key financial data for Corrosion Protection was as follows: (dollars in thousands) Revenues Gross profit Gross profit margin Operating expenses Goodwill impairment Definite-lived intangible asset impairment Earnout reversal Acquisition-related expenses Years Ended December 31, 2014 $458,409 2013 $ 453,886 2015 $437,921 93,220 99,304 108,535 21.3 % 21.7 % 23.9% 84,577 9,957 — — 457 83,256 35,443 10,896 — 719 75,170 — — (3,888) — 37,253 2015 vs 2014 Increase (Decrease) 2014 vs 2013 Increase (Decrease) $ $ (20,488) (6,084) N/A 1,321 (25,486) (10,896) — (262) 29,239 % (4.5 )% $ (6.1) (40)bp 1.6 N/M N/M — (36.4) (94.3) $ 4,523 (9,231) N/A 8,086 35,443 10,896 3,888 719 (68,263) N/A % 1.0 % (8.5) (220)bp 10.8 N/M N/M N/M N/M (183.2) (1,500)bp Operating income (loss) (1,771) (31,010) Operating margin (0.4)% (6.8)% 8.2% N/A 640bp ______________________________ “N/A” represents not applicable. “N/M” represents not meaningful. 2015 Compared to 2014 Revenues Revenues in Corrosion Protection decreased $20.5 million, or 4.5%, to $437.9 million in 2015 compared to $458.4 million in 2014. The decrease in revenues was primarily the result of negative impacts from foreign currency rates in relation to the U.S dollar which equated to a $29.6 million decline in revenues in 2015 compared to 2014. Revenues also declined due to 45 decreased project activity in our industrial linings operation, our cathodic protection operation, and our Canadian pipe coating operation mainly due to challenging market conditions. These challenges were the result of decreased customer spending and customer driven delays in project start dates, particularly as it relates to our businesses tied to the upstream, and to a lesser extent midstream, energy markets, which have been negatively impacted by low oil prices. Partially offsetting the decrease in revenues were increases primarily related to project activity in our Bayou pipe coating operation and our robotic coating operation, the later of which benefited from a large project in South America. Depressed oil and gas prices have resulted in certain customers seeking to either delay project start dates or renegotiate contract terms, including reductions in the prices of our products and services, or in some instances, contract cancellations or revisions. Gross Profit and Gross Profit Margin Gross profit in Corrosion Protection decreased $6.1 million, or 6.1%, to $93.2 million in 2015 compared to $99.3 million in 2014. In 2014, as part of our 2014 Restructuring, we recorded long-lived asset impairment charges of $11.3 million related to certain fixed assets in our Bayou pipe coating operation in Louisiana. Excluding long-lived asset impairment charges, gross profit decreased $17.4 million, or 15.7%, to $93.2 million in 2015 compared to $110.6 million in 2014. The decrease in gross profit was primarily due to (i) a decline in revenues in our cathodic protection operation, our industrial linings operation and our Canadian pipe coating operation mainly due to challenging market conditions noted previously, (ii) a shift in higher margin offshore work to lower margin onshore work in our robotic coating operation, (iii) lower labor and equipment utilization in our cathodic protection operation as projects were delayed or canceled, thereby making it increasingly difficult to remain efficient, and (iv) impacts from unfavorable changes in foreign currency rates in relation to the U.S. dollar. Partially offsetting the decrease in gross profit were improved results in our domestic pipe coating operation and our Canadian cathodic protection operation, notwithstanding unfavorable foreign currency rates between the Canadian dollar versus the U.S. dollar in 2015. The change in foreign currency rates in relation to the U.S. dollar negatively impacted gross profit for the segment by $6.1 million in 2015 compared to the prior year. Gross profit margin decreased 40 basis points to 21.3% in 2015 from 21.7% in 2014. Excluding long-lived asset impairment charges in 2014, gross profit margin decreased 280 basis points to 21.3% in 2015 from 24.1% in 2014. The decrease in gross profit margin was mainly due to the same factors impacting gross profit as noted above with the primary driver being the shift in higher margin offshore work to lower margin onshore work in our robotic coating operation. Operating Expenses Operating expenses in Corrosion Protection increased $1.3 million, or 1.6%, to $84.6 million in 2015 compared to $83.3 million in 2014 primarily due to a loss reserve of $2.9 million recorded in 2015 related to a long-dated accounts receivable. Additionally, operating expenses increased as a result of increased sales and administrative functions in our cathodic protection operation and increased information technology investments and other costs allocated from our corporate administrative function. Partially offsetting the increase in operating expenses was a decrease resulting from controlled spending efforts in response to market challenges in our robotic coating operation, our industrial linings operation and our pipe coating operation. The change in foreign currency rates in relation to the U.S. dollar favorably impacted operating expenses for the segment by $2.1 million in 2015 compared to the prior year. Operating expenses as a percentage of revenues were 19.3% and 18.2% in 2015 and 2014, respectively. Operating Income (Loss) and Operating Margin Corrosion Protection recognized operating loss of $1.8 million in 2015 compared to an operating loss of $31.0 million in 2014. Operating margin increased 640 basis points to (0.4)% in 2015 compared to (6.8)% in 2014. Excluding the following pre-tax items: (i) the loss reserve of $2.9 million related to a long-dated accounts receivable in 2015, (ii) long-lived asset impairment charges of $11.3 million in 2014, (iii) goodwill impairment charges of $10.0 million and $35.4 million in 2015 and 2014, respectively, (iv) definite-lived intangible asset impairment charges of $10.9 million in 2014, and (v) acquisition-related expenses of $0.5 million and $0.7 million in 2015 and 2014, respectively; Corrosion Protection recognized operating income of $11.5 million in 2015 compared to $27.4 million in 2014. Operating margin declined 340 basis points to 2.6% in 2015 from 6.0% in 2014. The declines in operating income and operating margin were primarily due to a decline in revenues and related gross profit as a result of challenging market conditions. As noted above, these declines were mainly the result of decreased customer spending and customer driven delays in project start dates, particularly as it relates to our businesses tied to the upstream, and to a lesser extent midstream, energy markets which have been negatively impacted by low oil prices. The change in foreign currency rates in relation to the U.S. dollar negatively impacted operating income for the segment by $3.9 million in 2015 compared to the prior year. 46 2014 Compared to 2013 Revenues Revenues in Corrosion Protection increased $4.5 million, or 1.0%, to $458.4 million in 2014 compared to $453.9 million in 2013. The increase in revenues was primarily due to increased project work in our cathodic protection operation, our robotic coating operation and our Canadian pipe coating operation. Partially offsetting the increase in revenues were decreases related to the impacts from unfavorable changes in foreign currency rates in relation to the U.S. dollar and a decline in project activities in our industrial linings operation and our Bayou pipe coating operation in Louisiana. The decrease in our industrial lining operation included the 2013 completion of a large project in Morocco which contributed $16.2 million in revenue in 2013 with no revenue in 2014, as well as decreased project activities for our industrial lining operation in the Middle East and the United States. The decrease in project activity in our pipe coating operation in Louisiana was primarily due to the reduction in scope of a large project with a single client and customer driven delays in certain project activities. The change in foreign currency rates in relation to the U.S. dollar negatively impacted revenues for the segment by $13.1 million in 2014 compared to the prior year period. Gross Profit and Gross Profit Margin Gross profit in Corrosion Protection decreased $9.2 million, or 8.5%, to $99.3 million in 2014 compared to $108.5 million in 2013. In 2014, as part of our 2014 Restructuring, we recorded long-lived asset impairment charges of $11.3 million related to certain fixed assets in our Bayou pipe coating operation in Louisiana. Excluding long-lived asset impairment charges of $11.3 million in 2014, gross profit increased $2.1 million, or 1.9%, and gross profit margin increased 20 basis points to 24.1% in 2014 compared to 23.9% in 2013. The increases in gross profit and gross profit margin were primarily due to increased project activities, project efficiencies and a higher margin project mix in the Canadian operations of both our cathodic protection operation and our coating operation. Offsetting the overall increase in gross profit was a decrease related to declining revenues in our industrial linings operation, which experienced a slowdown in project activity; however, gross profit margin in our industrial linings operation improved from the prior year period due to a greater mix of higher margin projects. The change in foreign currency rates in relation to the U.S. dollar negatively impacted gross profit for the segment by $3.8 million in 2014 compared to the prior year. Operating Expenses Operating expenses in Corrosion Protection increased $8.1 million, or 10.8%, in 2014 compared to $75.2 million in 2013 primarily due to an increase in our cathodic protection operations as we expanded our operations into the Middle East and in our robotic and field service coatings operations as we invested in sales and administrative functions. The change in foreign currency rates in relation to the U.S. dollar favorably impacted operating expenses for the segment by $0.9 million in 2014 compared to the prior year. Operating expenses as a percentage of revenues were 18.2% and 16.6% in 2014 and 2013, respectively. Operating Income (Loss) and Operating Margin Corrosion Protection recognized an operating loss of $31.0 million in 2014 compared to income of $37.3 million in 2013. Operating margin decreased 1,500 basis points to (6.8)% in 2014 compared to 8.2% in 2013. Excluding the following pre-tax items: (i) long-lived asset impairment charges of $11.3 million in 2014, (ii) goodwill impairment charges of $35.4 million in 2014, (iii) definite-lived intangible asset impairment charges of $10.9 million in 2014, (iv) acquisition-related expenses of $0.7 million in 2014, and (v) contractual earnout reversals of $3.9 million related to CRTS in 2013; Corrosion Protection recognized operating income of $27.3 million in 2014 compared to $33.4 million in 2013. Operating margin decreased 140 basis points to 6.0% in 2014 compared to 7.4% in 2013. The decreases in operating income and operating margin were primarily due to a slowdown in project activity in our industrial linings operation and increased administrative expenses from our cathodic protection operation as we expanded our operations into the Middle East. During 2013, we also reversed $3.9 million of contractual earnouts related to CRTS, as noted above, because operating results were below the stated threshold amounts in the purchase agreement, mostly due to delays we experienced with the Wasit project in Saudi Arabia. The change in foreign currency rates in relation to the U.S. dollar negatively impacted operating income for the segment by $2.9 million in 2014 compared to the prior year. 47 Energy Services Segment Energy Services operates solely in the United States and generates all revenues and incurs all expenses in U.S. dollars. There were no impacts from foreign currencies in relation to the U.S dollar for the segment for the reported periods. Key financial data for Energy Services was as follows: (dollars in thousands) Revenues Gross profit Gross profit margin Operating expenses Goodwill impairment Acquisition-related expenses Years Ended December 31, 2014 $ 305,807 2013 $ 108,233 2015 $339,415 42,672 44,796 19,028 12.6 % 14.6% 17.6% 33,972 33,527 323 26,748 12,055 — 656 — 5,831 1,142 Operating income (loss) (25,150) 17,392 Operating margin (7.4)% 5.7% 1.1% ______________________________ “N/A” represents not applicable. “N/M” represents not meaningful. 2015 Compared to 2014 Revenues 2015 vs 2014 Increase (Decrease) 2014 vs 2013 Increase (Decrease) $ $ 33,608 (2,124) N/A 7,224 33,527 (333) (42,542) N/A $ % 11.0 % $ 197,574 (4.7) (200)bp 27.0 14,693 25,768 N/A % 182.5 % 135.4 (300)bp 121.9 N/M (50.8) (244.6) (1,310)bp — (5,175) 16,250 — (88.7) 1,422.9 N/A 460bp Revenues in Energy Services increased $33.6 million, or 11.0%, to $339.4 million in 2015 compared to $305.8 million in 2014. The increase was primarily driven by a $55.8 million increase in refining maintenance and turnaround service activities in our downstream operation in the western United States. Robust demand for our downstream services resulted in record billable hours in 2015 as our customers operated refineries at high utilization. Partially offsetting the increase in revenues was a $21.9 million revenue decline in our upstream operation, located primarily in Central California and the Permian Basin. Project activities in our upstream operation have been curtailed as the steep and rapid decline in crude oil prices has caused customers to tighten their capital expenditures, delay project start dates or renegotiate contract terms, including reductions in the prices of our products and services, or in some instances, contract cancellations or revisions. Gross Profit and Gross Profit Margin Gross profit in Energy Services decreased $2.1 million, or 4.7%, to $42.7 million in 2015 compared to $44.8 million in 2014. The decrease in gross profit was primarily due to lower revenues and price pressures in our upstream operation, partially offset by higher revenues and related gross profit in our downstream operation. Gross profit margin declined 200 basis points to 12.6% in 2015 compared to 14.6% in 2014 primarily due to price pressures and reductions in higher margin activities in our upstream operation. The reduction in higher margin activities made it more challenging to recover our labor and equipment costs. Operating Expenses Operating expenses in Energy Services increased $7.2 million, or 27.0%, to $34.0 million in 2015 compared to $26.7 million in 2014. As part of the Brinderson escrow settlement, we recorded an an offset to operating expenses of $4.5 million in 2014. Excluding the Brinderson escrow settlement, operating expenses increased $2.7 million, or 8.7%, to $34.0 million in 2015 compared to $31.2 million in 2014. The increase in operating expenses was primarily the result of additional support costs including sales staff, human resources and finance personnel to support recent business growth in the downstream refining market, as well as increased corporate allocation costs as described earlier. Included in operating expenses for 2015 were expenses totaling $1.8 million related to Schultz Mechanical Contractors, Inc. (“Schultz”), which was acquired in March 2015. Additionally, we recognized $0.7 million for employee severance costs related to organizational leadership changes in early 2015. Operating expenses as a percentage of revenues were 10.0% and 8.7% in 2015 and 2014, respectively. Excluding the Brinderson escrow settlement, operating expenses as a percentage of revenues were 10.0% and 10.2% in 2015 and 2014, respectively. 48 Operating Income and Operating Margin Operating income in Energy Services decreased $42.5 million, or 244.6%, to a loss of $25.2 million in 2015 compared to $17.4 million of income in 2014. Operating margin declined 1,310 basis points to (7.4)% in 2015 from 5.7% in 2014. Excluding pre-tax goodwill impairment charges of $33.5 million in 2015 and the Brinderson escrow settlement of $4.5 million in 2014, operating income in Energy Services decreased $4.5 million, or 35.0%, to $8.4 million in 2015 compared to $12.9 million in 2014 and operating margin declined 170 basis points to 2.5% in 2015 from 4.2% in 2014. The decrease in operating income and operating margin was primarily due to price pressures and reductions in higher margin activities in our upstream operation, partially offset by robust downstream refining activities in 2015. Also contributing to the decline in operating income and operating margin was an increase in operating expenses as noted above. Included in operating income were charges for acquisition related expenses totaling $0.3 million and $0.7 million in 2015 and 2014, respectively. We incurred these charges mainly in connection with the Schultz acquisition in 2015 and trailing costs related to the Brinderson acquisition in 2013. 2014 Compared to 2013 Revenues Revenues in Energy Services increased $197.6 million, or 182.5%, to $305.8 million for 2014 compared to 2013. Revenues in 2014 represented a full year of operations; whereas, revenues in 2013 represented six months of operations as Brinderson was acquired on July 1, 2013. In 2014, Energy Services generated revenues totaling $174.9 million from work performed in the downstream market and $130.9 million from work performed in the upstream market. Gross Profit and Gross Profit Margin Gross profit in Energy Services increased $25.8 million, or 135.4%, to $44.8 million in 2014 compared to $19.0 million in 2013, primarily as a result of increased project work and a full year of operations in 2014 versus six months of operations in 2013. Gross profit margins declined 300 basis points during 2014 compared to 2013 primarily due to a lower margin mix on projects in both the upstream and downstream markets and higher start-up costs on new, multi-year projects primarily in the downstream market. Operating Expenses Operating expenses in Energy Services increased $14.7 million, or 121.9%, to $26.8 million in 2014 compared to $12.1 million in 2013. As part of a cash settlement related to escrow claims for Brinderson, we recorded an offset to operating expenses totaling $4.5 million in the fourth quarter of 2014. Excluding the Brinderson escrow settlement, operating expenses increased $19.2 million, or 158.7%, to $31.3 million in 2014 compared to $12.1 million in 2013 as operating expenses in 2014 represented a full year of operations; whereas, operating expenses in 2013 represented six months of operations. The increase in operating expenses was also due to additional support costs including sales staff, human resources and finance personnel to support the growth of the operations. Excluding the settlement, operating expenses as a percentage of revenues were 10.2% and 11.1% in 2014 and 2013, respectively. Operating Income and Operating Margin The financial results in 2014 were significantly higher than 2013 as a result of a full year’s operations compared to only six months of operations during 2013. Operating income increased $16.3 million in 2014 compared to 2013. Energy Services operating margins improved to 5.7% in 2014 from 1.1% in 2013 primarily due to lower acquisition-related expenses in 2014. During 2014 and 2013, we incurred $0.7 million and $5.8 million, respectively, of acquisition-related expenses in connection with the acquisition of Brinderson and current and former acquisition targets. The 2013 time period represents six months of financial results from the date of acquisition of Brinderson on July 1, 2013. Other Income (Expense) Interest Income and Expense Interest income decreased $0.4 million to $0.2 million in 2015 compared to $0.6 million in 2014, primarily due to lower interest rates throughout the year. Interest expense increased by $3.1 million to $16.0 million in 2015 compared to $12.9 million in 2014. During the fourth quarter of 2015, we recognized charges of approximately $3.4 million related to certain arrangement fees associated with securing our new $650.0 million senior secured credit facility as well as the write-off of previously unamortized deferred financing costs. Offsetting the increase in interest expense was a decrease related to reduced outstanding loan principal balances during 2015 compared to 2014. 49 Interest income increased $0.3 million to $0.6 million in 2014 compared to $0.3 million in 2013, primarily due to higher international cash balances throughout the year. Interest expense decreased by $0.3 million to $12.9 million in 2014 compared to $13.2 million in 2013. In 2013, we recognized charges of approximately $2.0 million related to certain arrangement fees associated with securing our previous $650.0 million senior secured credit facility as well as the write-off of previously unamortized deferred financing costs. Offsetting the decrease in interest expense was an increase in 2014 related to outstanding loan principal balances, which were outstanding for the full year due to borrowings related to our July 1, 2013 acquisition of Brinderson. Other Income (Expense) Other expense decreased $0.9 million to $2.9 million in 2015 compared to 2014 primarily due to higher foreign currency losses in 2014, income of $0.8 million recorded in 2015 related to a settlement of escrow claims for the acquisition of CRTS, Inc. (as discussed in Note 1 to the consolidated financial statements contained in this report), and the recorded gains of approximately $0.7 million during 2015 on the sale of certain assets related to our restructured entities. In addition, 2015 included the $2.9 million loss recognized on the sale of Video Injection - Insituform SAS and the $0.6 million loss recognized on the sale of BPPC, while 2014 included the $0.5 million loss recognized on the sale of our 49% interest in Bayou Coating and the $0.5 million loss recognized on the sale of Ka-te Insituform AG (all of which is discussed in Note 1 to the consolidated financial statements contained in this report). Other income (expense) decreased $8.8 million to $3.8 million in 2014 compared to 2013 primarily due to activity in the second quarter of 2013, which included a $11.3 million gain recognized on the sale of our interest in our German joint venture, partially offset by a non-cash charge of $2.7 million related to a write-down of the investment in Bayou Coating (as discussed in Note 1 to the consolidated financial statements contained in this report). 2013 also included higher foreign currency losses due to the revaluation of certain asset and liability balances, while 2014 included the losses on the sales of Bayou Coating and Ka-te Insituform AG as discussed above. Taxes on Income (Loss) Taxes on income increased $13.0 million to $9.2 million in 2015 compared to a tax benefit of $3.8 million in 2014. Our effective tax rate for continuing operations was 757.6% and 10.7% in 2015 and 2014, respectively. The effective tax rate in 2015 was unfavorably impacted by significant pre-tax charges primarily related to goodwill impairment, certain of which are not deductible for tax purposes, U.S. income and foreign withholding taxes on the repatriation of foreign earnings, and the impact of establishing valuation allowances on deferred tax assets in jurisdictions where we are unlikely to recognize these benefits. Taxes on income decreased $16.0 million in 2014 compared to 2013. Our effective tax rate for continuing operations was 10.7% and 20.6% in 2014 and 2013, respectively. The effective tax rate in 2014 was unfavorably impacted by a relatively small income tax benefit recorded on significant pre-tax charges related to goodwill and long-lived asset impairments and the impact of establishing valuation allowances on net operating losses in jurisdictions where we do not expect significant future taxable income. Our deferred tax liabilities in excess of deferred tax assets were $14.5 million at December 31, 2015, including a $18.9 million valuation allowance primarily related to foreign net operating losses. Deferred tax assets include $0.4 million of foreign tax credit carryforwards and $4.0 million in federal, state and foreign net operating loss carryforwards, net of applicable valuation allowances, of which, $0.4 million has no expiration date and $3.6 million will expire between the years of 2016 and 2035. Equity in Earnings of Affiliated Companies Equity in earnings of affiliated companies was zero, $0.6 million and $5.2 million in 2015, 2014 and 2013, respectively. The decrease during 2014 is due to there being no contributions from our former German joint venture, following its sale in June 2013, and only three months of 2014 contributions from Bayou Coating, our former pipe coating joint venture in Baton Rouge, Louisiana, which was sold on March 31, 2014 (as discussed in Note 1 to the consolidated financial statements contained in this report). Non-controlling Interests Income attributable to non-controlling interests was $0.1 million, $1.8 million and $1.2 million in 2015, 2014 and 2013, respectively. In 2015, profitability from our joint venture in Oman and our coating joint venture in Canada, was partially offset by losses from our joint venture in Mexico and our insulation coating joint venture in Louisiana, which experienced project 50 inefficiencies and lower operational margins. In 2014, profitability from our joint ventures in Oman, Canada and Mexico was offset by lower income from our joint venture in Morocco and losses from the start-up of our Louisiana joint venture. Loss from Discontinued Operations Loss from discontinued operations was zero, $3.8 million and $6.5 million in 2015, 2014 and 2013, respectfully. Our BWW business ceased bidding new work and substantially completed all ongoing projects during the second quarter of 2013. During the fourth quarter of 2014, we completed final liquidation of BWW. Included within the final liquidation was the settlement of outstanding receivables with a single customer associated with a larger fabrication project. We also incurred cash charges of $1.4 million related to certain professional fees incurred during dissolution as well as in connection with the settlement discussed above. This resulted in a recorded pre-tax charge of approximately $6.0 million within discontinued operations. During 2013, as a result of closing this business, we recognized a pre-tax, non-cash charge of approximately $3.9 million ($2.4 million after tax), to reflect the impairment of goodwill and intangible assets. We also recognized additional pre- tax, non-cash impairment charges of $0.7 million ($0.4 million after tax) for equipment and other assets. Liquidity and Capital Resources Cash and Equivalents Cash and cash equivalents Restricted cash December 31, 2015 2014 (in thousands) $ 209,253 $ 174,965 5,796 2,075 Restricted cash held in escrow primarily relates to funds reserved for legal requirements, deposits made in lieu of retention on specific projects performed for municipalities and state agencies, or advance customer payments and compensating balances for bank undertakings in Europe. Changes in restricted cash flows are reported in the consolidated statements of cash flows based on the nature of the restriction. Sources and Uses of Cash We expect the principal operational use of funds for the foreseeable future will be for capital expenditures, potential acquisitions, working capital, debt service and share repurchases. During 2015, capital expenditures were primarily for supporting growth in our Infrastructure Solutions operations, along with investments in new information technology systems to support the growth of our organization. For 2016, we expect a comparable level of capital expenditures compared to 2015, with slightly increased levels to support growth of our Infrastructure Solutions business, partially offset by decreased levels in our Corrosion Protection and Energy Services operations as we minimize spending in response to our 2016 Restructuring efforts. As part of our 2014 Restructuring, we incurred cash charges of $6.3 million in 2015 related to severance and benefits costs and other restructuring costs associated with exiting certain foreign locations. While estimated remaining cash costs to be incurred in 2016 for the 2014 Restructuring are not expected to be material, we expect to incur additional non-cash charges in 2016, primarily related to the potential release of cumulative currency translation adjustments resulting from the disposal of certain entities as well as the foreign currency impact from settlement of inter-company loans. As part of our 2016 Restructuring, we expect to incur cash charges between $7.0 million to $9.0 million related to employee severance, extension of benefits, employment assistance programs and early lease termination costs as we reposition our Energy Services’ upstream operations in California, right-size Corrosion Protection to compete more effectively, and reduce corporate and other operating costs. These actions, however, are expected to reduce future annual operating costs by approximately $15.0 million, most of which is expected to be realized in 2016, primarily through headcount reductions and office closures. At December 31, 2015, our cash balances were located worldwide for working capital and support needs. Given the breadth of our international operations, approximately $110.0 million, or 52.6%, of our cash was denominated in currencies other than the United States dollar as of December 31, 2015. We manage our worldwide cash requirements by reviewing available funds among the many subsidiaries through which we conduct business and the cost effectiveness with which those funds can be accessed. The repatriation of cash balances from certain of our subsidiaries could have adverse tax consequences or be subject to regulatory capital requirements; however, those balances are generally available without legal restrictions to fund ordinary business operations. As part of the February 2016 acquisition of Underground Solutions, we repatriated 51 approximately $30.4 million from foreign subsidiaries to assist in funding the transaction, incurring approximately $3.5 million in additional taxes. These were viewed as one-time, special-use transactions. With few exceptions, U.S. income taxes, net of applicable foreign tax credits, have not been provided on undistributed earnings of international subsidiaries. Our intention is to permanently reinvest these earnings. Our primary source of cash is operating activities. We occasionally borrow under our line of credit’s available capacity to fund operating activities, including working capital investments. Our operating activities include the collection of accounts receivable as well as the ultimate billing and collection of costs and estimated earnings in excess of billings. At December 31, 2015, we believed our net accounts receivable and our costs and estimated earnings in excess of billings, as reported on our consolidated balance sheet, were fully collectible and a significant portion of the receivables will be collected within the next twelve months. At December 31, 2015, we had certain net receivables (as discussed in the following paragraph) that we believe will be collected but are being disputed by the customer in some manner, which has impacted or may meaningfully impact the timing of collection or require us to invoke our contractual rights to an arbitration or mediation process, or take legal action. If in a future period we believe any of these receivables are no longer collectible, we would increase our allowance for bad debts through a charge to earnings. As of December 31, 2015, we had approximately $4.4 million in receivables related to certain projects in Texas and Morocco that have been delayed in payment for separate and unavoidable reasons. We are in various stages of discussions and dispute resolution with the project clients regarding such receivables. In each of the above instances, the customer has failed to meet its payment obligations in the time frame set forth in the respective contracts. The Company believes that it has performed its obligations pursuant to such contracts, and is duly exercising its rights under the respective contracts to receive payment. The Company believes the likelihood of success in each of these cases is probable and the Company is vigorously defending its position in each respective contract. During 2015, we settled and received $3.2 million related to two matters in Hong Kong that were part of the 2014 Restructuring, and we reserved $2.9 million related to long-dated receivables within the Corrosion Protection segment. In February 2016, the Company entered into a conditional agreement to settle an outstanding dispute with a project client in the Infrastructure Solutions platform. If executed, the final settlement will release our ability to collect approximately $7.5 million in receivables owed by our client and establish a settlement amount of approximately $2.7 million, including legal fees. The receivable was fully reserved as of December 31, 2015 and 2014. Cash Flows from Operations Cash flows from operating activities of continuing operations provided $132.0 million in 2015 compared to $81.9 million provided in 2014. The increase in operating cash flow from 2015 to 2014 was primarily related to increased contributions provided by working capital, partially offset by lower cash-related earnings in 2015. The net losses recorded in 2015 and 2014 primarily relate to non-cash charges of approximately $48.7 million and $97.1 million, respectively. Working capital provided $35.5 million of cash during 2015 compared to $17.9 million used in 2014. This increase in cash flow was primary due to significant movements in billings in excess of costs and estimated earnings and prepaid expenses and other current assets. Our billings in excess of costs and estimated earnings was $87.5 million at December 31, 2015, an increase of $44.5 million from December 31, 2014, due primarily to the timing of billing and advance deposits received on certain coatings projects at our Bayou Louisiana facility. Our prepaid expenses and other current assets was $67.0 million at December 31, 2015, an increase of $25.0 million from December 31, 2014, due primarily to the timing of advance deposits paid to suppliers on the same projects described above. Excluding the changes in the line items described above, the other elements of working capital provided $18.7 million in cash in 2015 primarily due to a focused effort on accounts receivable management. Days sales outstanding decreased by approximately 15 days as of December 31, 2015 compared to December 31, 2014 partially due to the coating project activity stated above, the impact of stronger collections in all operations globally, and the impact of the reserves for doubtful accounts related to the 2014 Restructuring. During 2014 and 2013, we improved our DSO by eight and ten days, respectively. Also we received $0.6 million and $10.7 million in 2014 and 2013, respectively, as a return on equity from our affiliated companies. Excluding the change in receivables and the return on equity from affiliated companies, the other elements of working capital provided $23.7 million in cash in 2014 primarily due to higher accounts payable at Brinderson due to increased activity year over year. Unrestricted cash increased to $209.3 million at December 31, 2015 from $175.0 million at December 31, 2014. Cash Flows from Investing Activities Investing activities from continuing operations used $39.1 million and $23.2 million of cash in 2015 and 2014, respectively. We used $29.5 million in cash for capital expenditures in 2015 compared to $32.9 million used in 2014. During 2015, we used $6.7 million for a small acquisition. During 2014, we sold our interests in Bayou Coating for a total sale price of $9.1 million. In 2015 and 2014, $0.9 million and $1.0 million of non-cash capital expenditures were included in accounts 52 payable and accrued expenditures. Capital expenditures in 2015 and 2014 were partially offset by $3.2 million and $1.5 million, respectively, in proceeds received from fixed asset disposals. In 2013, investing activities from continuing operations used $150.1 million of cash. We used $143.8 million, net of cash acquired, to acquire Brinderson and $26.1 million in cash for capital expenditures. During 2013, we sold the equity interests in our German joint venture for a total sale price of €14 million (approximately $18.3 million) and received $3.4 million in proceeds from fixed asset disposals. During 2016, we anticipate that we will spend approximately $30.0 million to $35.0 million for capital expenditures. Cash Flows from Financing Activities Cash flows from financing activities used $50.2 million during 2015 compared to $34.6 million used in 2014. During 2015, we amended and restated our $650.0 million credit facility and used $4.4 million for facility financing fees. In 2015 and 2014, we used cash of $27.8 million and $31.1 million, respectively, to repurchase 1.5 million and 1.3 million shares, respectively, of our common stock through open market purchases and in connection with our equity compensation programs as discussed in Note 8 to the consolidated financial statements contained in this report. Additionally, in 2015, we used cash of $395.3 million to retire the previous credit facility and, as discussed in Note 7 to the consolidated financial statements contained in this report, we made a $26.5 million mandatory prepayment on the balance of our term loan, utilizing $26.0 million from our line of credit to fund the term loan prepayment. In 2014, we borrowed $10.0 million on the line of credit under our credit facility for working capital needs and used cash of $22.0 million to pay down the principal balance of our term loans as discussed in Note 7 to the consolidated financial statements contained in this report. In 2013, cash flows from financing activities provided $98.9 million of cash. During the year, we entered into a new credit facility to fund the acquisition of Brinderson and retire our previous credit facility. In total, we borrowed $385.5 million and used $253.5 million for debt retirements and $5.0 million for facility financing fees. Additionally, we used cash of $27.6 million to repurchase 1.2 million shares of our common stock. Long-Term Debt On October 30, 2015, we entered into an amended and restated $650.0 million senior secured credit facility (the “New Credit Facility”) with a syndicate of banks. Bank of America, N.A. served as the sole administrative agent and JP Morgan Chase Bank, N.A. and U.S. Bank National Association acted as co-syndication agents. Merrill Lynch Pierce Fenner & Smith Incorporated, JPMorgan Securities LLC and U.S. Bank National Association acted as joint lead arrangers and joint book managers in the syndication of the New Credit Facility. The New Credit Facility consists of a $300.0 million five-year revolving line of credit and a $350.0 million five-year term loan facility. We drew the entire term loan from the New Credit Facility on October 30, 2015 to (i) retire $344.7 million in indebtedness outstanding under our prior credit facility; (ii) fund expenses associated with the New Credit Facility; and (iii) fund general corporate purposes. This New Credit Facility replaced our $650.0 million credit facility entered into on July 1, 2013. We paid expenses of $4.4 million associated with our New Credit Facility, $1.8 million related to up-front lending fees and $2.6 million related to third-party arranging fees, the latter of which was recorded in interest expense on the consolidated statement of operations. In addition, we had $3.5 million in unamortized loan costs associated with the prior credit facility, of which $0.8 million was recorded in interest expense on the consolidated statement of operations. Generally, interest will be charged on the principal amounts outstanding under the New Credit Facility at the British Bankers Association LIBOR rate plus an applicable rate ranging from 1.25% to 2.25% depending on our consolidated leverage ratio. We can also opt for an interest rate equal to a base rate (as defined in the credit documents) plus an applicable rate, which is also based on our consolidated leverage ratio. The applicable one month LIBOR borrowing rate (LIBOR plus our applicable rate) as of December 31, 2015 was approximately 2.93%. Our indebtedness at December 31, 2015 consisted of $345.6 million outstanding from the $350.0 million term loan under the New Credit Facility and zero on the line of credit under the New Credit Facility. Additionally, we designated $9.6 million of debt held by our joint venture partners (representing funds loaned by our joint venture partners) as third-party debt in the consolidated financial statements and held $0.1 million of third-party notes and bank debt at December 31, 2015. Further, the Company has $1.9 million in debt listed as held for sale at December 31, 2015 relating to the sale of BPPC (see Notes 5 and 16 to the consolidated financial statements contained in this report). Beginning with the year ended December 31, 2014, the previous credit facility required an annual mandatory prepayment against the term loan obligation in an amount equal to 50% of the Excess Cash Flow, as defined by the previous credit facility, if our Consolidated Leverage Ratio was greater than 2.50 to 1.0, as of the end of that fiscal year. Our Consolidated Leverage 53 Ratio at December 31, 2014 was 2.90 to 1.0. On March 31, 2015, we made the required term loan prepayment in the amount of $26.5 million, utilizing $26.0 million from the line of credit to fund the term loan prepayment obligation. As of December 31, 2015, we had $36.7 million in letters of credit issued and outstanding under the New Credit Facility. Of such amount, $16.6 million was collateral for the benefit of certain of our insurance carriers and $20.1 million was for letters of credit or bank guarantees of performance or payment obligations of foreign subsidiaries. Also on October 30, 2015, we entered into an interest rate swap agreement for a notional amount of $262.5 million, which is set to expire in October 2020. The notional amount of this swap mirrors the amortization of a $262.5 million portion of our $350.0 million term loan drawn from the New Credit Facility. The swap requires us to make a monthly fixed rate payment of 1.46% calculated on the amortizing $262.5 million notional amount, and provides for us to receive a payment based upon a variable monthly LIBOR interest rate calculated on the amortizing $262.5 million notional amount. The annualized borrowing rate of the swap at December 31, 2015 was 3.03%. The receipt of the monthly LIBOR-based payment offsets a variable monthly LIBOR-based interest cost on a corresponding $262.5 million portion of our term loan from the New Credit Facility. This interest rate swap is used to partially hedge the interest rate risk associated with the volatility of monthly LIBOR rate movement and is accounted for as a cash flow hedge. The New Credit Facility is subject to certain financial covenants, including a consolidated financial leverage ratio and consolidated fixed charge coverage ratio. At December 31, 2015, based upon the financial covenants, we had the capacity to borrow up to $110.3 million of additional debt under our New Credit Facility. See Note 7 to the consolidated financial statements contained in this report for further discussion of our debt covenants. We were in compliance with all covenants at December 31, 2015 and expect continued compliance for at least the next twelve months. We believe that we have adequate resources and liquidity to fund future cash requirements and debt repayments with cash generated from operations, existing cash balances and additional short-term and long-term borrowing capacity for the next 12 months. We expect cash generated from operations to remain stable in 2016 due to continued working capital management initiatives, additional cash flows generated from the Underground Solutions acquisition and the expected savings generated from the 2016 Restructuring. Disclosure of Contractual Obligations and Commercial Commitments We have entered into various contractual obligations and commitments in the course of our ongoing operations and financing strategies. Contractual obligations are considered to represent known future cash payments that we are required to make under existing contractual arrangements, such as debt and lease agreements. These obligations may result from both general financing activities or from commercial arrangements that are directly supported by related revenue-producing activities. Commercial commitments represent contingent obligations, which become payable only if certain pre-defined events were to occur, such as funding financial guarantees. See Note 11 to the consolidated financial statements contained in this report for further discussion regarding our commitments and contingencies. The following table provides a summary of our contractual obligations and commercial commitments as of December 31, 2015. This table includes cash obligations related to principal outstanding under existing debt agreements and operating leases (in thousands): Cash Obligations (1) (2) (3) (4) Total 2016 Payments Due by Period 2019 2018 2017 2020 Thereafter Long-term debt and notes payable Interest on long-term debt Operating leases $ 355,422 $ 17,648 $ 27,976 $ 27,610 $ 28,438 $ 253,750 $ 42,593 79,013 10,087 21,454 9,514 17,423 8,883 13,569 8,079 9,859 6,030 5,828 Total contractual cash obligations $ 477,028 $ 49,189 $ 54,913 $ 50,062 $ 46,376 $ 265,608 $ — — 10,880 10,880 ___________________ (1) Cash obligations are not discounted. See Notes 7 and 11 to the consolidated financial statements contained in this report regarding our long-term debt and credit facility and commitments and contingencies, respectively. (2) Interest on long-term debt was calculated using the current annualized rate on our long-term debt as discussed in Note 7 to the consolidated financial statements contained in this report. (3) Liabilities related to Financial Accounting Standards Board Accounting Standards Codification 740, Income Taxes, have not been included in the table above because we are uncertain as to if or when such amounts may be settled. As of December 31, 2015, we had income tax receivable and income tax payable of $7.3 million and $2.9 million, respectively, recorded on our consolidated balance sheet. (4) There were no material purchase commitments at December 31, 2015. 54 Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements We use various structures for the financing of operating equipment, including borrowings and operating leases. All debt is presented in the balance sheet. Our future commitments were $477.0 million at December 31, 2015. We have no other off- balance sheet financing arrangements or commitments. See Note 11 to the consolidated financial statements contained in this report regarding commitments and contingencies. Critical Accounting Policies Discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations are based upon our consolidated financial statements, which have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. The preparation of these financial statements requires us to make estimates and judgments that affect the reported amount of assets and liabilities, revenues and expenses, and related disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the financial statement dates. Actual results may differ from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions. Some accounting policies require the application of significant judgment by management in selecting the appropriate assumptions for calculating financial estimates. By their nature, these judgments are subject to an inherent degree of uncertainty. We believe that our critical accounting policies are those described below. For a detailed discussion on the application of these and other accounting policies, see Note 2 to the consolidated financial statements contained in this report. Revenue Recognition We recognize revenues and costs as construction, engineering and installation contracts progress using the percentage-of- completion method of accounting, which relies on total expected contract revenues and estimated total costs. Under this method, estimated contract revenues and resulting gross profit margin are recognized based on actual costs incurred to date as a percentage of total estimated costs. We follow this method since reasonably dependable estimates of the revenues and costs applicable to various elements of a contract can be made. Since the financial reporting of these contracts depends on estimates, which are assessed continually during the term of these contracts, recognized revenues and gross profit are subject to revisions as the contract progresses to completion. Total estimated costs, and thus contract gross profit, are impacted by changes in productivity, scheduling and the unit cost of labor, subcontracts, materials and equipment. Additionally, external factors such as weather, customer needs, customer delays in providing approvals, labor availability, governmental regulation and politics also may affect the progress and estimated cost of a project’s completion and thus the timing of revenue recognition and gross profit. Revisions in profit estimates are reflected in the period in which the facts that give rise to the revision become known. The effects of any changes in estimates are disclosed in the notes to the consolidated financial statements and in the Management’s Discussion and Analysis section of the report, if material. When current estimates of total contract costs indicate that the contract will result in a loss, the projected loss is recognized in full in the period in which the loss becomes evident. Revenues from change orders, extra work and variations in the scope of work are recognized when it is probable that they will result in additional contract revenue and when the amount can be reliably estimated. Given the uncertainties associated with some of our contracts, it is possible for actual costs to vary from estimates previously made. Revisions to estimates could result in the reversal of revenues and gross profit previously recognized. For the year ended December 31, 2015, approximately 68.9% of our revenues were derived from percentage-of-completion accounting. Revenues from Brinderson are derived mainly from multiple maintenance contracts under multi-year, long-term Master Service Agreements and alliance contracts, as well as, engineering and construction-type contracts. Brinderson enters into contracts with its customers that contain three principal types of pricing provisions: time and materials, cost plus fixed fee and fixed price. Although the terms of these contracts vary, most are made pursuant to cost reimbursable contracts on a time and materials basis under which revenues are recorded based on costs incurred at agreed upon contractual rates. Brinderson also performs services on a cost plus fixed fee basis under which revenues are recorded based upon costs incurred at agreed upon rates and a proportionate amount of the fixed fee or percentage stipulated in the contract. Many of our contracts provide for termination of the contract at the convenience of the customer. If a contract is terminated prior to completion, we would typically be compensated for progress up to the time of termination and any termination costs. In addition, many contracts are subject to certain completion schedule requirements with liquidated damages in the event schedules are not met as the result of circumstances that are within our control. Losses on terminated contracts and liquidated damages have historically not been significant. Equity-Based Compensation We record expense for equity-based compensation awards, including restricted shares of common stock, performance awards, stock options and stock units, based on the fair value recognition provisions contained in FASB ASC 718, Compensation-Stock Compensation (“FASB ASC 718”). Expense is recorded on a straight-line basis over the vesting period of the award. The fair value of stock option awards is determined using an option pricing model that is based on established 55 principles of financial economic theory. Assumptions regarding volatility, expected term, dividend yield and risk-free rate are required for valuation of stock option awards. Volatility and expected term assumptions are based on our historical experience. The risk-free rate is based on a U.S. Treasury note with a maturity similar to the option award’s expected term. The fair value of restricted stock, restricted stock unit and deferred stock unit awards is determined using our closing stock price on the award date. We make forfeiture rate assumptions in connection with the valuation of restricted stock and restricted stock unit awards that could be different than actual experience. As a general rule, all shares of restricted stock and restricted stock units are subject to service restrictions. Additionally, we award certain performance-based stock unit awards for a number of our key employees. These awards are subject to performance and service restrictions, and contain cumulative financial targets for a designated performance period. These awards have a threshold, target and maximum amount of shares that could be awarded based on our cumulative financial results. Discussion of our application of FASB ASC 718 is described in Note 9 to the consolidated financial statements contained in this report. Taxation We provide for estimated income taxes payable or refundable on current year income tax returns, as well as the estimated future tax effects attributable to temporary differences and carryforwards, in accordance with FASB ASC 740, Income Taxes (“FASB ASC 740”). FASB ASC 740 also requires that a valuation allowance be recorded against any deferred tax assets that are not likely to be realized in the future. The determination is based on our ability to generate future taxable income and, at times, is dependent on our ability to implement strategic tax initiatives to ensure full utilization of recorded deferred tax assets. Should we not be able to implement the necessary tax strategies, we may need to record valuation allowances for certain deferred tax assets, including those related to foreign income tax benefits. Significant management judgment is required in determining the provision for income taxes, deferred tax assets and liabilities and any valuation allowances recorded against net deferred tax assets. In accordance with FASB ASC 740, tax benefits from an uncertain tax position may be recognized when it is more likely than not that the position will be sustained upon examination, including resolutions of any related appeals or litigation processes, based on the technical merits. In addition, this recognition model includes a measurement attribute that measures the position as the largest amount of tax that is greater than 50% likely of being realized upon ultimate settlement in accordance with FASB ASC 740. This interpretation also provides guidance on derecognition, classification, interest and penalties, accounting in interim periods, disclosure and transition. We recognize tax liabilities in accordance with FASB ASC 740 and we adjust these liabilities when our judgment changes as a result of the evaluation of new information not previously available. Due to the complexity of some of these uncertainties, the ultimate resolution may result in a payment that is materially different from our current estimate of the tax liabilities. These differences will be reflected as increases or decreases to income tax expense in the period in which they are determined. While we believe the resulting tax balances as of December 31, 2015 and 2014 were appropriately accounted for in accordance with FASB ASC 740, the ultimate outcome of such matters could result in favorable or unfavorable adjustments to our consolidated financial statements and such adjustments could be material. We have recorded income tax expense at U.S. tax rates on all profits, except for undistributed profits of non-U.S. subsidiaries of approximately $229.4 million, which are considered indefinitely reinvested. Determination of the amount of unrecognized deferred tax liability related to the indefinitely reinvested profits is not feasible. A deferred tax asset is recognized only if we have definite plans to generate a U.S. tax benefit by repatriating earnings in the foreseeable future. Long-Lived Assets Property, plant and equipment and other identified intangibles (primarily customer relationships, patents and acquired technologies, trademarks, licenses and non-compete agreements) are recorded at cost, net of accumulated depreciation and impairment, and, except for goodwill and certain trademarks, are depreciated or amortized on a straight-line basis over their estimated useful lives. Changes in circumstances such as technological advances, changes to our business model or changes in our capital strategy can result in the actual useful lives differing from our estimates. During 2015, no such changes were noted. If we determine that the useful life of our property, plant and equipment or our identified intangible assets should be changed, we would depreciate or amortize the net book value in excess of the salvage value over its revised remaining useful life, thereby increasing or decreasing depreciation or amortization expense. Long-lived assets, including property, plant and equipment and other intangibles, are reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. Such impairment tests are based on a comparison of undiscounted cash flows to the recorded value of the asset. The estimate of cash flow is based upon, among other things, assumptions about expected future operating performance. Our estimates of undiscounted cash flow may differ from actual cash flow due to, among other things, technological changes, economic conditions, changes to our business model or changes in our operating performance. If the sum of the undiscounted cash flows (excluding interest) is less than the carrying value, we recognize an impairment loss, measured as the amount by which the carrying value exceeds the fair value of the asset. 56 Impairment Reviews - 2015 As a result of the annual impairment assessment in accordance with FASB ASC 350, Intangibles - Goodwill and Other (“FASB ASC 350”) as of October 1, 2015, the CRTS reporting unit had a fair value below its carrying value, which caused us to review the financial performance of at risk asset groups within that reporting unit in accordance with FASB ASC 360, Property, Plant and Equipment (“FASB ASC 360”). The results of CRTS are reported within the Corrosion Protection reportable segment. In response to contract losses in the Central California upstream energy market during the fourth quarter of 2015 and our subsequent decision to reduce exposure to the upstream market, we performed a market assessment of our energy-related businesses and concluded that sustained low oil prices will continue to create market challenges for the foreseeable future, including a continued reduction in spending by certain of our customers in 2016. The loss of the contracts, coupled with the decision to downsize, caused us to review the financial performance of at risk asset groups within the reporting unit. The results of Energy Services are reported within the Energy Services reportable segment. The assets of each asset group represent the lowest level for which identifiable cash flows can be determined independent of other groups of assets and liabilities. We developed internal forward business plans under the guidance of local and regional leadership to determine the undiscounted expected future cash flows derived from each of the at risk asset groups’ long-lived assets. Such were based on our best estimates considering the likelihood of various outcomes. Based on the internal projections, we determined that the undiscounted expected future cash flows for all of the identified at risk asset groups exceeded the carrying value of the assets, and as such, no impairment to recorded long-lived assets was required. Impairment Review - September 30, 2014 As part of the 2014 Restructuring, we evaluated the long-lived assets of our global operations affected by the restructuring initiative. The affected reporting units were (i) the Bayou reporting unit (“Bayou Reporting Unit”); (ii) the European Sewer and Water Rehabilitation (“Europe”) reporting unit; and (iii) the Asia-Pacific Sewer and Water Rehabilitation (“Asia-Pacific”) reporting unit. The results of the Bayou Reporting Unit and its related asset groups are reported within the Corrosion Protection reportable segment. The results of Europe and Asia-Pacific and their related asset groups are reported within the Infrastructure Solutions reportable segment. We performed an asset impairment review as of September 30, 2014 for all of our at risk asset groups within each of the affected reporting units in accordance with FASB ASC 360. We also engaged a third-party valuation firm to assist in determining the fair value of long-lived assets at these at risk asset groups. Based upon the results of the analysis, the at risk asset groups with a fair value less than the carrying value of their respective assets included Bayou and Bayou Delta of the Bayou Reporting Unit; France of the Europe reporting unit; and Malaysia and India of the Asia-Pacific reporting unit. Accordingly, we recorded a total impairment charge of $11.9 million in the third quarter of 2014, which consisted of $10.9 million related to Bayou, $0.4 million related to Bayou Delta, $0.2 million related to France, $0.3 million related to Malaysia and $0.1 million related to India. The impairment charge was primarily recorded to cost of revenues in the Consolidated Statements of Operations. Included within the impairment assessment were Bayou-related intangible assets such as tradenames and customer relationships that were also tested on an undiscounted cash flow basis. For customer relationships, the undiscounted expected future cash flows were less than the carrying value; thus, we engaged a third-party valuation firm to assist in determining the fair value of customer relationships recorded at Bayou. Based on the results of the valuation, the carrying amount of the customer relationship intangible asset at Bayou exceeded the fair value and resulted in a full impairment as of September 30, 2014. Accordingly, we recorded a $10.9 million impairment charge in the third quarter of 2014. The impairment charge was recorded to definite-lived intangible asset impairment in the Consolidated Statements of Operations. Annual Impairment Assessment - October 1, 2014 As a result of the annual impairment assessment in accordance with FASB ASC 350, Intangibles - Goodwill and Other (“FASB ASC 350”), the Fyfe Rehabilitation (“Fyfe”) reporting unit had a fair value below its carrying value, which caused us to review the financial performance of all at risk asset groups within that reporting unit in accordance with FASB ASC 360. The results of Fyfe and its related asset groups are reported within the Infrastructure Solutions reportable segment. Based on the results of the valuation, the carrying amount of the customer relationship intangible asset at Fyfe Latin America exceeded the fair value and resulted in a $1.2 million impairment charge in the fourth quarter of 2014. The impairment charge was recorded to definite-lived intangible asset impairment in the Consolidated Statements of Operations. Impairment Review - December 31, 2014 During the fourth quarter of 2014, certain reporting units operating in the energy sector experienced customer-driven delays, work order cancellations, and canceled sales opportunities as a result of declining crude oil prices since October 2014. As a result, we evaluated the long-lived assets of our operations affected by these circumstances and performed an asset 57 impairment review as of December 31, 2014 for all of our at risk asset groups within the CRTS and Bayou reporting units. The results of these reporting units and their related asset groups are reported within the Corrosion Protection reportable segment. Based on the internal projections, we determined that the undiscounted expected future cash flows for all of the identified at risk asset groups exceeded the carrying value of the assets, and as such, no impairment to recorded long-lived assets was required. The fair value estimates described above were determined using observable inputs and significant unobservable inputs, which are based on level 3 inputs as defined in Note 12. Goodwill Under FASB ASC 350, we assess recoverability of goodwill on an annual basis or when events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of goodwill may not be recoverable. An impairment charge will be recognized to the extent that the implied fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying value. Factors that could potentially trigger an impairment review include (but are not limited to): • • • • • significant underperformance of a segment relative to expected, historical or forecasted operating results; significant negative industry or economic trends; significant changes in the strategy for a segment including extended slowdowns in the segment’s market; a decrease in market capitalization below our book value; and a significant change in regulations. Whether during the annual impairment assessment or during a trigger-based impairment review, we determine the fair value of our reporting units and compare such fair value to the carrying value of those reporting units to determine if there are any indications of goodwill impairment. Fair value of reporting units is determined using a combination of two valuation methods: a market approach and an income approach with each method given equal weight in determining the fair value assigned to each reporting unit. Absent an indication of fair value from a potential buyer or similar specific transaction, we believe the use of these two methods provides a reasonable estimate of a reporting unit’s fair value. Assumptions common to both methods are operating plans and economic outlooks, which are used to forecast future revenues, earnings and after-tax cash flows for each reporting unit. These assumptions are applied consistently for both methods. The market approach estimates fair value by first determining earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization (“EBITDA”) multiples for comparable publicly-traded companies with similar characteristics of the reporting unit. The EBITDA multiples for comparable companies are based upon current enterprise value. The enterprise value is based upon current market capitalization and includes a control premium. We believe this approach is appropriate because it provides a fair value estimate using multiples from entities with operations and economic characteristics comparable to its reporting units. The income approach is based on forecasted future (debt-free) cash flows that are discounted to present value using factors that consider timing and risk of future cash flows. We believe this approach is appropriate because it provides a fair value estimate based upon the reporting unit’s expected long-term operating cash flow performance. Discounted cash flow projections are based on financial forecasts developed from operating plans and economic outlooks, growth rates, estimates of future expected changes in operating margins, terminal value growth rates, future capital expenditures and changes in working capital requirements. Estimates of discounted cash flows may differ from actual cash flows due to, among other things, changes in economic conditions, changes to business models, changes in our weighted average cost of capital, or changes in operating performance. The discount rate applied to the estimated future cash flows is one of the most significant assumptions utilized under the income approach. We determine the appropriate discount rate for each of its reporting units based on the weighted average cost of capital (“WACC”) for each individual reporting unit. The WACC takes into account both the pre-tax cost of debt and cost of equity (a major component of the cost of equity is the current risk-free rate on twenty year U.S. Treasury bonds). As each reporting unit has a different risk profile based on the nature of its operations, including market-based factors, the WACC for each reporting unit may differ. Accordingly, the WACCs are adjusted, as appropriate, to account for company-specific risks associated with each reporting unit. Annual Impairment Assessment - October 1, 2015 We had nine reporting units for purposes of assessing goodwill at October 1, 2015 as follows: North American Rehabilitation, Europe, Asia-Pacific, United Pipeline Systems, Bayou, Corrpro, CRTS, Fyfe and Energy Services. During 2015, we acquired Schultz (see Note 1 to the consolidated financial statements contained in this report) and, for goodwill testing purposes, integrated Schultz into the previous Brinderson reporting unit to form the Energy Services reporting unit. 58 Significant assumptions used in our October 2015 goodwill review included: (i) discount rates ranging from 12.5% to 15.0%; (ii) annual revenue growth rates generally ranging from 1% to 15%; (iii) gross margin declines in the short term related to certain reporting units in the energy sector, but sustained or slightly increased gross margins long term; (iv) peer group EBITDA multiples; and (v) terminal values for each reporting unit using a long-term growth rate of 1.0% to 3.5%. If actual results differ from estimates used in these calculations, we could incur future impairment charges. During the assessment of our reporting units’ fair values in relation to their respective carrying values, three reporting units had a fair value in excess of 30% of their carrying value, four reporting units had a fair value in excess of 10%, but below 30% of their carrying value, one reporting unit had a fair value within 10% percent of its carrying value, and one had a fair value below its carrying value. The reporting unit with a fair value within 10% of its carrying value was the Energy Services reporting unit. The one reporting unit with a fair value below its carrying value was the CRTS reporting unit. The total value of goodwill recorded at the impairment testing date for the Energy Services and CRTS reporting units was $80.2 million and $14.4 million, respectively. For the Energy Services reporting unit, excess fair value in relation to its carrying value was 7.5%. The values derived from both the income approach and the market approach decreased from the October 1, 2014 annual goodwill impairment analysis, and the fair value in relation to its carrying value declined from the prior year due to softening in the upstream energy markets in Central California. While activity in California’s downstream markets remains robust, the upstream market has experienced reduced spending by certain of the Company’s customers in 2015. The fair value for Energy Services decreased $7.7 million, or 4.1%, from the prior year analysis. The 2015 analysis assumed a weighted average cost of capital of 13.5%, compared 14.0% in 2014, and a long-term growth rate of 2.0%, which is consistent with the October 1, 2014 review. The income approach analysis also included an annual revenue growth rate of approximately 3.3%, which is lower than the prior year analysis; and gross margins were decreased slightly in the short term due to the softness in the upstream energy markets. See below for the trigger-based impairment review conducted as of December 31, 2015. For the CRTS reporting unit, fair value in relation to its carrying value was negative 30.0%. The values derived from both the income approach and the market approach decreased from the December 31, 2014 impairment review (see below), and the fair value in relation to its carrying value declined from the prior year due to continued current uncertainty in the upstream oil markets, which caused customer-driven delays in the more profitable international offshore pipeline market and delayed or canceled sales opportunities in certain North American markets. CRTS secured sizable project wins during 2014 and 2015; however, most were situated in international onshore and mining markets, which typically offer lower margin profiles. Management expects this trend to continue into the foreseeable future. The fair value for CRTS decreased $10.0 million, or 21.8%, from the prior year analysis. The impairment analysis assumed a weighted average cost of capital of 13.5% and a long- term growth rate of 3.0%. The income approach analysis also included an annual revenue growth rate of approximately 0.5%, which is lower than the 3.8% growth rate assumed in the previous analysis. As a result of failing Step 1, we performed Step 2 procedures, which compares the carrying value of goodwill to its implied fair value. In estimating the implied fair value of goodwill for a reporting unit, we assign the fair value (as determined in Step 1) to the assets and liabilities associated with the reporting unit as if the reporting unit had been acquired in a business combination. Any excess of the carrying value of goodwill of the reporting unit over its implied fair value is recorded as impairment. Based on this analysis, we determined that recorded goodwill at CRTS was impaired by $10.0 million, which was recorded to “Goodwill impairment” in the Consolidated Statement of Operations in the fourth quarter of 2015. As of December 31, 2015, we had remaining CRTS goodwill of $4.4 million. Projected cash flows were based, in part, on maintaining a presence in the higher-margin, international offshore pipeline market and the ability to expand our technology to other applications. If these assumptions do not materialize in a manner consistent with our expectations, there is risk of impairment to recorded goodwill. Impairment Review - December 31, 2015 In response to contract losses in the Central California upstream energy market during the fourth quarter of 2015 and our subsequent decision to reduce exposure to the upstream market, we performed a market assessment of our energy-related businesses and concluded that sustained low oil prices will continue to create market challenges for the foreseeable future, including a continued reduction in spending by certain of our customers in 2016. The loss of the contracts, coupled with the decision to downsize, caused us to review the goodwill of our operations affected by these circumstances and determined that a triggering event had occurred. As such, we performed an interim goodwill impairment review for our Energy Services reporting unit as of December 31, 2015. In accordance with the provisions of FASB ASC 350, we determined the fair value of the affected reporting unit and it was found to be less than the carrying value. For the Energy Services reporting unit, fair value in relation to its carrying value was negative 27.6%. The values derived from the income approach and the market approach decreased 29.0% and 27.6%, respectively, from the October 1, 2015 goodwill impairment analysis. Our expected future cash flows in 2016 and beyond were lowered primarily due to the loss of two key contracts in the Central California upstream energy market in the fourth quarter of 2015. The impairment analysis assumed a weighted average cost of capital of 13.0%, compared 13.5% in the October 1, 2015 review, and a long-term growth rate of 2.0%, which is consistent with the October 1, 2015 review. The income approach analysis included a year 1 decrease in 59 revenue of approximately $90 million and an annual revenue growth rate thereafter of approximately 2.6%, which was slightly lower than the 3.3% annual growth in the previous analysis. Average gross margins were generally consistent between the two analyses; however, operating expenses declined in a manner consistent with revenues as a result of the benefits achieved from the 2016 Restructuring. As a result of failing Step 1, we performed Step 2 procedures, which compares the carrying value of goodwill to its implied fair value. In estimating the implied fair value of goodwill for a reporting unit, we assign the fair value (as determined in Step1) to the assets and liabilities associated with the reporting unit as if the reporting unit had been acquired in a business combination. Any excess of the carrying value of goodwill of the reporting unit over its implied fair value is recorded as impairment. Based on this analysis, we determined that recorded goodwill at Energy Services was impaired by $33.5 million, which was recorded to “Goodwill impairment” in the Consolidated Statement of Operations in the fourth quarter of 2015. As of December 31, 2015, we had remaining Energy Services goodwill of $46.7 million. Projected cash flows were based on maintaining a smaller but profitable presence in the upstream energy market and continued strength in the Central California downstream energy market. Also included in the projected cash flows were certain cost savings expected to be achieved through the 2016 Restructuring. If these assumptions do not materialize in a manner consistent with our expectations, there is risk of further impairment to recorded goodwill. Impairment Review - September 30, 2014 As a result of the 2014 Restructuring, we evaluated the goodwill of our global operations affected by the restructuring initiative and determined that a triggering event had occurred. As such, we performed a goodwill impairment review for each affected reporting unit as of September 30, 2014. Our reporting units adversely affected by the 2014 Restructuring were Bayou, Europe and Asia-Pacific. In accordance with the provisions of FASB ASC 350, we determined the fair value of our reporting units and compared such fair value to the carrying value of those reporting units. For all three reporting units, fair value exceeded carrying value, and as such, no impairment to recorded goodwill was required. Annual Impairment Assessment - October 1, 2014 As a result of the annual impairment assessment in accordance with FASB ASC 350, the Fyfe reporting unit had a fair value less than its carrying value. Longer-term expectations for the Fyfe businesses, primarily in North America, were lowered in 2014 because investments in operational leadership and business development yielded slower than expected growth. In previous years, we expected bidding activity would increase in 2014 and result in new contract wins that would commence in 2014 and 2015. While stability was restored and improvements were made in 2014, the ability to sustain new order intake and improve gross profits did not materialize as rapidly as expected. As a result of failing Step 1, we performed Step 2 procedures, which compares the carrying value of goodwill to its implied fair value. Based on this analysis, we determined that recorded goodwill at Fyfe was impaired by $16.1 million, which was recorded to “Goodwill impairment” in the Consolidated Statement of Operations in the fourth quarter of 2014. As of December 31, 2014, we had remaining Fyfe goodwill of $50.2 million. Future cash flows included increased revenue projections related to growth in the pipeline market, specifically industrial and municipal pipelines. Delays in those growth projections could have a material negative affect on Fyfe’s projected long-term cash flows. Also included in the projected cash flows were certain cost savings expected to be achieved through the 2014 Restructuring. If any of these assumptions do not materialize in a manner consistent with our expectations, there is risk of impairment to recorded goodwill. Impairment Review - December 31, 2014 During the fourth quarter of 2014, certain reporting units operating in the energy sector experienced customer-driven delays, work order cancellations, and canceled sales opportunities as a result of declining crude oil prices since October 2014. We evaluated the goodwill of our operations affected by these circumstances and determined that a triggering event had occurred. As such, we performed a goodwill impairment review for our Bayou and CRTS reporting units as of December 31, 2014. In accordance with the provisions of FASB ASC 350, we determined the fair value of our affected reporting units and compared such fair value to the carrying value of those reporting units. For both reporting units, carrying value exceeded fair value. For the Bayou reporting unit, uncertainty in the upstream oil markets, which caused work order cancellations and canceled sales opportunities in North America for the Bayou Canada and CCSI asset groups, affected our expected future cash flows in 2015 and 2016. As a result of failing Step 1, we performed Step 2 procedures, which compares the carrying value of goodwill to its implied fair value. Based on this analysis, we determined that Bayou’s goodwill was fully impaired, and as such, recorded a $29.7 million charge to “Goodwill impairment” in the Consolidated Statement of Operations in 2014. As of December 31, 2014, there was no recorded goodwill at Bayou. For the CRTS reporting unit, expected future cash flows were impacted by the uncertainty in the upstream oil markets, which caused customer-driven delays in the more profitable international offshore pipeline market and delayed or canceled sales opportunities in certain North American markets. As a result of failing Step 1, we performed Step 2 procedures, which compares the carrying value of goodwill to its implied fair value. Based on this analysis, we determined that recorded goodwill at CRTS was impaired by $5.7 million, which was recorded to “Goodwill impairment” in the Consolidated Statement of 60 Operations in 2014. As of December 31, 2014, we had remaining CRTS goodwill of $14.4 million. See subsequent impairment review performed as of October 1, 2015 above. The following table presents a reconciliation of the beginning and ending balances of goodwill at January 1, 2015 and December 31, 2015 (in millions): Balance, January 1, 2015 Goodwill, gross Accumulated impairment losses Goodwill, net Acquisitions (1) Impairments (2) Foreign currency translation Balance, December 31, 2015 Goodwill, gross Accumulated impairment losses Goodwill, net __________________________ Infrastructure Solutions Corrosion Protection Energy Services Total $ $ $ 193,344 (16,069) 177,275 — — (2,819) 74,943 (35,443) 39,500 — (9,957) (1,598) $ 76,248 $ — 76,248 3,998 (33,527) — 344,535 (51,512) 293,023 3,998 (43,484) (4,417) 190,525 (16,069) 174,456 $ 73,345 (45,400) 27,945 $ 80,246 (33,527) 46,719 $ 344,116 (94,996) 249,120 (1) During the first and second quarters of 2015, we recorded goodwill of $3.6 million and $0.4 million, respectively, related to the acquisition of Schultz Mechanical Contractors, Inc. (see Note 1). (2) During the fourth quarter of 2015, we recorded a goodwill impairment to our CRTS reporting unit of $10.0 million and a goodwill impairment to our Energy Services reporting unit of $33.5 million (see Note 2). Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements See Note 2 to the consolidated financial statements contained in this report. Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk Market Risk We are exposed to the effect of interest rate changes and of foreign currency and commodity price fluctuations. We currently do not use derivative contracts to manage commodity risks. From time to time, we may enter into foreign currency forward contracts to fix exchange rates for net investments in foreign operations to hedge our foreign exchange risk. Interest Rate Risk The fair value of our cash and short-term investment portfolio at December 31, 2015 approximated carrying value. Given the short-term nature of these instruments, market risk, as measured by the change in fair value resulting from a hypothetical 100 basis point change in interest rates, would not be material. Our objectives in managing exposure to interest rate changes are to limit the impact of interest rate changes on earnings and cash flows and to lower overall borrowing costs. To achieve these objectives, we maintain fixed rate debt whenever favorable; however, the majority of our debt at December 31, 2015 was variable rate debt. We substantially mitigate our interest rate risk through interest rate swap agreements, which are used to hedge the volatility of monthly LIBOR rate movement of our debt. As part of our New Credit Facility in 2015, we entered into an interest rate swap agreement with a notional amount that will mirror approximately 75% of our outstanding long-term debt for the next five years. At December 31, 2015, the estimated fair value of our long-term debt was approximately $349.1 million. Fair value was estimated using market rates for debt of similar risk and maturity and a discounted cash flow model. Market risk related to the potential increase in fair value resulting from a hypothetical 100 basis point increase in our debt specific borrowing rates at December 31, 2015 would result in a $0.9 million increase in interest expense. Foreign Exchange Risk We operate subsidiaries and are associated with licensees and affiliated companies operating solely outside of the United States and in foreign currencies. Consequently, we are inherently exposed to risks associated with the fluctuation in the value of the local currencies compared to the U.S. dollar. At December 31, 2015, a substantial portion of our cash and cash 61 equivalents was denominated in foreign currencies, and a hypothetical 10.0% change in currency exchange rates could result in an approximate $11.3 million impact to our equity through accumulated other comprehensive income. In order to help mitigate this risk, we may enter into foreign exchange forward contracts to minimize the short-term impact of foreign currency fluctuations. We do not engage in hedging transactions for speculative investment reasons. There can be no assurance that our hedging operations will eliminate or substantially reduce risks associated with fluctuating currencies. At December 31, 2015, there were no material foreign currency hedge instruments outstanding. See Note 12 to the consolidated financial statements contained in this report for additional information and disclosures regarding our derivative financial instruments. Commodity Risk We have exposure to the effect of limitations on supply and changes in commodity pricing relative to a variety of raw materials that we purchase and use in our operating activities, most notably resin, iron ore, chemicals, staple fiber, fuel, metals and pipe. We manage this risk by entering into agreements with certain suppliers utilizing a request for proposal, or RFP, format and purchasing in bulk, and advantageous buying on the spot market for certain metals, when possible. We also manage this risk by continuously updating our estimation systems for bidding contracts so that we are able to price our products and services appropriately to our customers. However, we face exposure on contracts in process that have already been priced and are not subject to any cost adjustments in the contract. This exposure is potentially more significant on our longer-term projects. We obtain a majority of our global resin requirements, one of our primary raw materials, from multiple suppliers in order to diversify our supplier base and thus reduce the risks inherent in concentrated supply streams. We have qualified a number of vendors in North America, Europe and Asia that can deliver, and are currently delivering, proprietary resins that meet our specifications. The primary products and raw materials used by our infrastructure rehabilitation operations in the manufacture of fiber reinforced polymer composite systems are carbon, glass, resins, fabric and epoxy raw materials. Fabric and epoxies are the largest materials purchased, which are currently purchased through a select group of suppliers, although we believe these and the other materials are available from a number of vendors. The price of epoxy historically is affected by the price of oil. In addition, a number of factors such as worldwide demand, labor costs, energy costs, import duties and other trade restrictions may influence the price of these raw materials. We rely on a select group of third-party extruders to manufacture our Fusible PVC® pipe products. Iron ore inventory balances are managed according to our anticipated volume of concrete weight coating projects. We obtain the majority of our iron ore from a limited number of suppliers, and pricing can be volatile. Iron ore is typically purchased near the start of each project. Concrete weight coating revenue accounts for a small percentage of our overall revenues. 62 Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data INDEX TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS Management’s Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm Consolidated Statements of Income for the Years Ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013 Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income for the Years Ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013 Consolidated Balance Sheets at December 31, 2015 and 2014 Consolidated Statements of Equity for the Years Ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013 Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the Years Ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013 Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 72 63 Management’s Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting The Company’s management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting, as such term is defined in Exchange Act Rule 13a-15(f). Under the supervision and with the participation of Company management, including the Chief Executive Officer (the principal executive officer) and the Chief Financial Officer (the principal financial officer), an evaluation was performed of the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2015. In performing this evaluation, management employed the criteria set forth by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission in Internal Control – Integrated Framework (2013). Based on the criteria set forth in Internal Control – Integrated Framework (2013), management, including the Company’s Chief Executive Officer and its Chief Financial Officer, has concluded that the Company’s internal control over financial reporting was effective as of December 31, 2015. Because of inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate. The effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2015 has been audited by PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, an independent registered public accounting firm, as stated in its report which appears herein. /s/ Charles R. Gordon Charles R. Gordon President and Chief Executive Officer (Principal Executive Officer) /s/ David A. Martin David A. Martin Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer (Principal Financial Officer) 64 Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm To the Board of Directors and Stockholders of Aegion Corporation: In our opinion, the accompanying consolidated balance sheets and the related consolidated statements of operations, comprehensive income, equity and cash flows present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of Aegion Corporation and its subsidiaries at December 31, 2015 and 2014, and the results of their operations and their cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2015 in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. Also in our opinion, the Company maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2015, based on criteria established in Internal Control - Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO). The Company’s management is responsible for these financial statements, for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting, included in the accompanying Management’s Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting. Our responsibility is to express opinions on these financial statements and on the Company’s internal control over financial reporting based on our integrated audits. We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audits to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement and whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects. Our audits of the financial statements included examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements, assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, and evaluating the overall financial statement presentation. Our audit of internal control over financial reporting included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, and testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk. Our audits also included performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinions. A company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A company’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (i) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (ii) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (iii) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements. Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate. /s/ PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP Saint Louis, Missouri February 29, 2016 65 AEGION CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS (in thousands, except per share amounts) Revenues Cost of revenues Gross profit Operating expenses Goodwill impairment Definite-lived intangible asset impairment Earnout reversal Acquisition-related expenses Restructuring charges Operating income (loss) Other income (expense): Interest expense Interest income Other Total other expense Income (loss) before taxes on income Taxes (benefit) on income (loss) Income (loss) before equity in earnings of affiliated companies Equity in earnings of affiliated companies Income (loss) from continuing operations Loss from discontinued operations Net income (loss) Non-controlling interests Net income (loss) attributable to Aegion Corporation Earnings per share attributable to Aegion Corporation: Basic: Income (loss) from continuing operations Loss from discontinued operations Net income (loss) Diluted: Income (loss) from continuing operations Loss from discontinued operations Net income (loss) Years Ended December 31, 2015 2014 2013 $ 1,333,570 $ 1,331,421 $ 1,091,420 1,057,783 1,051,438 275,787 209,477 43,484 — — 1,912 968 19,946 (16,044) 218 (2,905) (18,731) 1,215 9,205 (7,990) — (7,990) — (7,990) (77) (8,067) $ (0.22) $ — (0.22) $ (0.22) $ — (0.22) $ 279,983 234,105 51,512 12,116 — 1,375 687 (19,812) (12,943) 633 (3,853) (16,163) (35,975) (3,840) (32,135) 570 (31,565) (3,847) (35,412) (1,755) (37,167) $ (0.88) $ (0.10) (0.98) $ (0.88) $ (0.10) (0.98) $ $ $ $ $ $ 844,399 247,021 178,483 — — (4,175) 5,831 — 66,882 (13,169) 325 4,964 (7,880) 59,002 12,154 46,848 5,159 52,007 (6,461) 45,546 (1,195) 44,351 1.31 (0.17) 1.14 1.30 (0.17) 1.13 The accompanying notes are an integral part of the consolidated financial statements. 66 AEGION CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (in thousands) Net income (loss) Other comprehensive income (loss): Currency translation adjustments Pension activity, net of tax(1) Deferred gain (loss) on hedging activity, net of tax(2) Total comprehensive income (loss) Less: comprehensive income (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interests Comprehensive income (loss) attributable to Aegion Corporation $ __________________________ Years Ended December 31, 2015 $ (7,990) $ 2014 (35,412) $ 2013 45,546 (25,379) 145 279 (32,945) 1,686 (31,259) $ (27,591) (576) 296 (63,283) (605) (63,888) $ (13,428) 38 (255) 31,901 (749) 31,152 (1) Amounts presented net of tax of $37, $(158) and $11 for the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014, and 2013, respectively. (2) Amounts presented net of tax of $187, $196 and $(168) for the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013, respectively. The accompanying notes are an integral part of the consolidated financial statements. 67 AEGION CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS (in thousands, except share amounts) Assets Current assets Cash and cash equivalents Restricted cash Receivables, net of allowances of $14,524 and $19,307, respectively Retainage Costs and estimated earnings in excess of billings Inventories Prepaid expenses and other current assets Assets held for sale Total current assets Property, plant & equipment, less accumulated depreciation Other assets Goodwill Identified intangible assets, less accumulated amortization Deferred income tax assets Other assets Total other assets Total Assets Liabilities and Equity Current liabilities Accounts payable Accrued expenses Billings in excess of costs and estimated earnings Current maturities of long-term debt and line of credit Liabilities held for sale Total current liabilities Long-term debt, less current maturities Deferred income tax liabilities Other non-current liabilities Total liabilities (See Commitments and Contingencies: Note 11) Equity Preferred stock, undesignated, $.10 par – shares authorized 2,000,000; none outstanding Common stock, $.01 par – shares authorized 125,000,000; shares issued and outstanding 36,053,499 and 37,360,515, respectively Additional paid-in capital Retained earnings Accumulated other comprehensive loss Total stockholders’ equity Non-controlling interests Total equity Total Liabilities and Equity December 31, 2015 2014 $ $ $ 209,253 5,796 200,883 37,285 89,141 47,779 66,999 21,060 678,196 144,833 249,120 174,118 2,130 9,910 435,278 1,258,307 72,732 112,951 87,475 17,648 6,961 297,767 337,774 19,386 8,824 663,751 174,965 2,075 227,481 38,318 94,045 59,192 42,046 — 638,122 168,213 293,023 182,273 3,334 10,708 489,338 1,295,673 83,285 111,617 43,022 26,399 — 264,323 351,076 22,913 12,276 650,588 — — 361 199,951 425,574 (47,861) 578,025 16,531 594,556 1,258,307 $ 374 217,289 433,641 (24,669) 626,635 18,450 645,085 1,295,673 $ $ $ $ The accompanying notes are an integral part of the consolidated financial statements. 68 AEGION CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF EQUITY (in thousands, except number of shares) BALANCE, December 31, 2012 38,952,561 $ 390 $ 257,209 $ 426,457 $ 15,260 $ 16,804 $ 716,120 Common Stock Shares Amount Additional Paid-In Capital Retained Earnings Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) Non- Controlling Interests Total Equity Net income Issuance of common stock upon stock option exercises, including tax benefit Restricted shares issued Issuance of shares pursuant to restricted stock units Issuance of shares pursuant to deferred stock unit awards Forfeitures of restricted shares Shares repurchased and retired Equity-based compensation expense Currency translation adjustment and derivative transactions, net — 29,511 435,025 13,761 7,029 (236,388) (1,218,385) — — — — 4 — — (2) (12) — — — 899 — — — — (27,636) 5,647 9 44,351 — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 1,195 45,546 — — — — — — — 899 4 — — (2) (27,648) 5,647 (13,208) (446) (13,645) BALANCE, December 31, 2013 37,983,114 $ 380 $ 236,128 $ 470,808 $ 2,052 $ 17,553 $ 726,921 Net income Issuance of common stock upon stock option exercises, including tax benefit Restricted shares issued Issuance of shares pursuant to restricted stock units Issuance of shares pursuant to deferred stock unit awards Forfeitures of restricted shares Shares repurchased and retired Equity-based compensation expense Purchase of non-controlling interests Currency translation adjustment and derivative transactions, net — 526,359 242,722 15,277 31,794 (104,013) (1,334,738) — — — — 5 2 — — (1) (12) — — — — (37,167) 8,070 — — — — (31,073) 5,073 (909) — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 1,755 (35,412) — — — — — — — 292 8,075 2 — — (1) (31,085) 5,073 (617) (26,721) (1,150) (27,871) BALANCE, December 31, 2014 37,360,515 $ 374 $ 217,289 $ 433,641 $ (24,669) $ 18,450 $ 645,085 Net income (loss) Issuance of common stock upon stock option exercises, including tax benefit Issuance of shares pursuant to restricted stock units Issuance of shares pursuant to deferred stock unit awards Forfeitures of restricted shares Shares repurchased and retired Equity-based compensation expense Sale of non-controlling interest Distributions to non-controlling interests Currency translation adjustment and derivative transactions, net — 209,205 12,646 27,779 (54,045) (1,502,601) — — — — — 2 — — (1) (14) — — — — — (8,067) 2,464 — — — (27,789) 7,987 — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 77 — — — — — 239 (472) (7,990) 2,466 — — (1) (27,803) 7,987 239 (472) (23,192) (1,763) (24,955) BALANCE, December 31, 2015 36,053,499 $ 361 $ 199,951 $ 425,574 $ (47,861) $ 16,531 $ 594,556 The accompanying notes are an integral part of the consolidated financial statements. 69 AEGION CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS (in thousands) Cash flows from operating activities: Net income (loss) Loss from discontinued operations Adjustments to reconcile to net cash provided by operating activities: Depreciation and amortization Gain on sale of fixed assets Equity-based compensation expense Deferred income taxes Equity in earnings of affiliated companies Non-cash restructuring charges Fixed asset impairment Definite-lived intangible asset impairment Goodwill impairment Debt issuance costs Earnout reversal (Gain) loss on sale of businesses Loss on foreign currency transactions Other Changes in operating assets and liabilities (net of acquisitions): Restricted cash related to operating activities Return on equity of affiliated companies Receivables net, retainage and costs and estimated earnings in excess of billings Inventories Prepaid expenses and other assets Accounts payable and accrued expenses Billings in excess of costs and estimated earnings Other operating Net cash provided by operating activities of continuing operations Net cash used in operating activities of discontinued operations Net cash provided by operating activities Cash flows from investing activities: Capital expenditures Proceeds from sale of fixed assets Patent expenditures Restricted cash related to investing activities Purchase of Schultz Mechanical Contractors, Inc. Purchase of Fyfe Asia, net of cash acquired Purchase of Brinderson, net of cash acquired Proceeds from sale of interests in Bayou Coating, L.L.C. Proceeds from sale of Ka-te Insituform AG Proceeds from sale of interests in German joint venture Net cash used in investing activities of continuing operations Net cash provided by investing activities of discontinued operations Net cash used in investing activities 70 Years Ended December 31, 2015 2014 2013 $ (7,990) $ — (7,990) (35,412) $ 3,847 (31,565) 45,546 6,461 52,007 43,791 (929) 7,987 924 — 1,816 — — 43,484 3,377 — 3,414 80 (168) (382) — 12,283 6,984 (28,895) (582) 45,700 1,129 132,023 — 132,023 (29,454) 3,173 (1,503) (3,538) (6,662) (1,098) — — — — (39,082) — (39,082) 44,312 (310) 5,073 (16,816) (570) 20,592 11,870 12,116 51,512 157 — 988 627 1,279 (454) 590 (41,211) (5,286) 3,465 5,997 19,100 402 81,868 (1,045) 80,823 (32,899) 1,547 (1,923) (1,153) — — 1,000 9,065 1,123 — (23,240) 1,045 (22,195) 40,329 (816) 5,647 (2,675) (5,159) — — — — 1,964 (4,175) (11,771) 2,425 1,588 (102) 10,691 8,222 (736) (9,685) 8,944 (6,340) (2,293) 88,065 (3,761) 84,304 (26,085) 3,435 (2,032) — — — (143,763) — — 18,300 (150,145) 845 (149,300) Cash flows from financing activities: Proceeds from issuance of common stock upon stock option exercises, including tax effects Repurchase of common stock Sale of non-controlling interest Purchase of or distributions to non-controlling interests Payment of earnout related to acquisition of CRTS, Inc. Credit facility financing fees Proceeds from notes payable Principal payments on notes payable Proceeds from line of credit Payments on line of credit Proceeds from long-term debt Principal payments on long-term debt Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities Effect of exchange rate changes on cash Net increase in cash and cash equivalents for the year Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of year Cash and cash equivalents, end of year Cash and cash equivalents associated with assets held for sale, end of year Cash and cash equivalents from continuing operations, end of year Supplemental disclosures of cash flow information: Cash paid for: Interest Income taxes 2,466 (27,804) 239 (472) (684) (4,360) 1,505 (1,875) 26,000 (71,500) 350,000 (323,750) (50,235) (5,975) 36,731 174,965 211,696 (2,443) 209,253 9,873 8,753 $ $ 8,615 (31,085) — (617) — (783) 1,284 — 18,000 (8,000) — (22,039) (34,625) (7,083) 16,920 158,045 174,965 — 174,965 9,602 12,594 $ $ 594 (27,648) — (287) (2,112) (5,013) 1,541 (183) — — 385,500 (253,500) 98,892 (9,527) 24,369 133,676 158,045 — 158,045 8,700 11,630 $ $ The accompanying notes are an integral part of the consolidated financial statements. 71 AEGION CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 1. DESCRIPTION OF BUSINESS Aegion Corporation is a global leader in infrastructure protection and maintenance, providing proprietary technologies and services to: (i) protect against the corrosion of industrial pipelines; (ii) rehabilitate and strengthen water, wastewater, energy and mining piping systems and buildings, bridges, tunnels and waterfront structures; and (iii) utilize integrated professional services in engineering, procurement, construction, maintenance and turnaround services for a broad range of energy related industries. The Company’s business activities include manufacturing, distribution, maintenance, construction, installation, coating and insulation, cathodic protection, research and development and licensing. The Company’s products and services are currently utilized and performed in approximately 80 countries across six continents. The Company believes that the depth and breadth of its products and services platform make Aegion a leading “one-stop” provider for the world’s infrastructure rehabilitation and protection needs. The Company is primarily built on the premise that it is possible to use technology to extend the structural design life and maintain, if not improve, the performance of infrastructure, mostly pipe. The Company is proving that this expertise can be applied in a variety of markets to protect pipelines in oil, gas, mining, wastewater and water applications and extending this to the rehabilitation and maintenance of commercial structures and the provision of professional services in energy-related industries. Many types of infrastructure must be protected from the corrosive and abrasive materials that pass through or near them. The Company’s expertise in non-disruptive corrosion engineering and abrasion protection is now wide-ranging, opening new markets for growth. The Company has a long history of product development and intellectual property management. The Company manufactures most of the engineered solutions it creates as well as the specialized equipment required to install them. Finally, decades of experience give the Company an advantage in understanding municipal, energy, mining, industrial and commercial customers. Strong customer relationships and brand recognition allow the Company to support the expansion of existing and innovative technologies into new high growth end markets. The Company originally incorporated in Delaware in 1980 to act as the exclusive United States licensee of the Insituform® cured-in-place pipe (“CIPP”) process, which Insituform’s founder invented in 1971. The Insituform® CIPP process served as the first trenchless technology for rehabilitating sewer pipelines and has enabled municipalities and private industry to avoid the extraordinary expense and extreme disruption that can result from conventional “dig-and-replace” methods. For the past 40 years, the Company has maintained its leadership position in the CIPP market from manufacturing to technological innovations and market share. In order to strengthen the Company’s ability to service the emerging demands of the infrastructure protection market and to better position the Company for sustainable growth, the Company embarked on a diversification strategy in 2009 to expand its product and service portfolio and its geographical reach. Through a series of strategic initiatives and key acquisitions, the Company now possesses a broad portfolio of cost-effective solutions for rehabilitating and maintaining aging or deteriorating infrastructure, protecting new infrastructure from corrosion worldwide and providing integrated professional services in engineering, procurement, construction, maintenance, and turnaround services for oil companies, primarily in the downstream market. Recognizing that the breadth of offerings expanded beyond the Company’s flagship Insituform® brand, which constituted less than half of the Company’s revenues in 2011, the Company’s reorganized Insituform Technologies, Inc. (“Insituform”), the parent company at the time, into a new holding company structure in October 2011. Aegion became the new parent company and Insituform became a wholly owned subsidiary of Aegion. Aegion reflects the Company’s mission of extending its leadership capabilities to furnish products and services to provide: (i) long-term protection for water and wastewater pipes, oil and gas pipelines and infrastructure as well as commercial and governmental structures and transportation infrastructure; and (ii) integrated professional services to energy companies. Acquisitions/Strategic Initiatives/Divestitures 2016 Restructuring On January 4, 2016, the Company’s board of directors approved a restructuring plan (the “2016 Restructuring”) to reposition Energy Services’ upstream operations in California, right-size Corrosion Protection to compete more effectively and reduce corporate and other operating costs. See Note 16. Infrastructure Solutions Segment (“Infrastructure Solutions”) On February 18, 2016, the Company acquired Underground Solutions, Inc. and its subsidiary, Underground Solutions Technologies Group, Inc. (collectively, “Underground Solutions”). See Note 16. 72 In February 2015, the Company sold its wholly-owned subsidiary, Video Injection - Insituform SAS (“VII”), the Company’s French cured-in-place pipe (“CIPP”) contracting operation, to certain employees of VII. In connection with the sale, the Company entered into a five-year exclusive tube supply agreement whereby VII will purchase liners from Insituform Lining. VII will also be entitled to continue to use its trade name based on a trade mark license granted for the same five-year time period. The sale resulted in a loss of approximately $2.9 million that was recorded to other income (expense) in the Consolidated Statement of Operations during the first quarter of 2015. In December 2014, the Company sold its wholly-owned subsidiary, Ka-te Insituform AG (“Ka-te”), to the Marco Daetwyler Gruppe AG, a Swiss company, for the sale price of CHF 1.1 million (approximately $1.1 million). In connection with the sale, the Company entered in to a five-year exclusive tube supply agreement whereby Ka-te will source liners from Insituform Linings Ltd. Ka-te will also be entitled to continue to use its trade name based on a trade mark license granted for the same five-year time period. The sale resulted in a loss of approximately $0.5 million that was recorded to other income (expense) in the Consolidated Statement of Operations during the fourth quarter of 2014. On October 6, 2014, the Company’s board of directors approved a realignment and restructuring plan (the “2014 Restructuring”) which included the decision to exit Insituform’s contracting markets in France, Switzerland, India, Hong Kong, Malaysia and Singapore (see Note 3). The Company has substantially completed all of the aforementioned objectives related to the 2014 Restructuring. See further discussion in Note 2 as to the impact that the 2014 Restructuring had on the Europe and Asia-Pacific goodwill reporting units. In June 2013, the Company sold its fifty percent (50%) interest in Insituform Rohrsanierungstechniken GmbH (“Insituform-Germany”) to Per Aarsleff A/S, a Danish company (“Aarsleff”). Insituform-Germany, a company that was jointly owned by Aegion and Aarsleff, is active in the business of no-dig pipe rehabilitation in Germany, Slovakia and Hungary. The sale price was €14 million, approximately $18.3 million. The sale resulted in a gain on the sale of approximately $11.3 millio n (net of $0.5 million of transaction expenses) recorded in other income (expense) on the consolidated statement of operations. In connection with the sale, Insituform-Germany also entered into a tube supply agreement with the Company whereby Insituform-Germany was obligated to purchase on an annual basis at least GBP 2.3 million, approximately $3.6 million, of felt cured-in-place pipe (“CIPP”) liners during the two-year period from June 26, 2013 to June 30, 2015. The parties did not renew the tube supply agreement upon expiration. Corrosion Protection Segment (“Corrosion Protection”) On February 1, 2016, the Company sold its fifty-one percent (51%) interest in its Canadian coating joint venture, Bayou Perma-Pipe Canada, Ltd. (“BPPC”) to its joint venture partner. See Note 16. As part of the 2014 Restructuring, the Company made the decision to shutter two older and redundant fusion bonded epoxy coating plants and consolidate and terminate certain land leases at The Bayou Companies, LLC’s (“Bayou”) Louisiana facility. The actions taken to restructure Bayou’s Louisiana operations allow Bayou to cost effectively meet market demand, for both onshore and offshore projects, by optimizing pipe coating activities and reducing fixed costs. The repositioning of Bayou’s Louisiana facility will also include additional capital investments in the remaining coating facilities over the next two to three years to augment Bayou’s competitive position. See further discussion in Note 2 as to the impact that the 2014 Restructuring had on Bayou’s goodwill reporting unit. On March 31, 2014, the Company sold its forty-nine percent (49%) interest in Bayou Coating, L.L.C. (“Bayou Coating”) to Stupp Brothers Inc. (“Stupp”), the holder of the remaining fifty-one percent (51%) interest in Bayou Coating. Stupp purchased the interest by exercising an existing option to acquire the Company’s interest in Bayou Coating at a purchase price equal to $9.1 million, which represented forty-nine percent (49%) of the book value of Bayou Coating as of December 31, 2013. Such book value was determined in accordance with the requirements of the joint venture agreement and was based on Bayou Coating’s federal information tax return for 2013 and approximated the Company’s book value of its investment in Bayou Coating as of December 31, 2013. The Company had previously received an indication from Stupp of its intent to exercise such option and, in the second quarter of 2013 in connection with such indication, the Company recognized a non-cash charge of $2.7 million ($1.8 million after tax) related to the goodwill allocated to the joint venture as part of the purchase price accounting associated with the 2009 acquisition of Bayou. The non-cash charge represented the Company’s then current estimate of the difference between the carrying value of the investment on the balance sheet and the amount the Company would receive in connection with the exercise. During the first quarter of 2014, the difference between the Company’s recorded gross equity in earnings of affiliated companies of $1.2 million and the final equity distribution settlement of $0.7 million resulted in a loss of $0.5 million that is recorded in other income (expense) on the consolidated statement of operations. Prior to March 2014, the Company held a fifty-nine percent (59%) equity interest in Delta Double Jointing, LLC (“Bayou Delta”) through which the Company offers pipe jointing and other services for the steel-coated pipe industry. The remaining forty-one percent (41%) was held by Bayou Coating. On March 31, 2014, the Company acquired this forty-one percent (41%) interest from Bayou Coating by exercising its existing option at a purchase price equal to $0.6 million. As a result, Bayou Delta became a wholly owned subsidiary of the Company. 73 During the second quarter of 2013, the Company’s Board of Directors approved a plan of liquidation for its Bayou Welding Works (“BWW”) business in an effort to improve the Company’s overall financial performance and align the operations with its long-term strategic initiatives. BWW provided specialty welding and fabrication services from its facility in New Iberia, Louisiana. BWW ceased bidding new work and substantially completed all ongoing projects during the second quarter of 2013. As a result of the closure of BWW, the Company recognized a pre-tax, non-cash charge of $3.9 million ($2.4 million after tax) to reflect the impairment of goodwill and intangible assets. The Company also recognized additional pre-tax, non- cash impairment charges for equipment and other assets of $1.1 million ($0.7 million after tax), which also was recorded in the second quarter of 2013. The Company incurred cash charges to exit the business of approximately $0.1 million on a pre-tax and post-tax basis, which included property, equipment and vehicle lease termination and buyout costs, employee termination benefits and retention incentives, among other ancillary shut-down expenses. During the fourth quarter of 2014, the Company completed final liquidation of BWW. Included within the final liquidation was the settlement of outstanding receivables with a single customer associated with a large fabrication project. The Company also incurred cash charges of $1.4 million related to certain professional fees incurred during dissolution as well as in connection with the settlement discussed above. This resulted in a recorded pre-tax charge of approximately $6.0 million within discontinued operations in 2014. Energy Services Segment (“Energy Services”) On March 1, 2015, the Company acquired Schultz Mechanical Contractors, Inc. (“Schultz”), a California corporation, for a total purchase price of $7.7 million. Schultz primarily services customers in California and Arizona and is a provider of piping installations, concrete construction and excavation and trenching services to the upstream and downstream oil and gas markets. Schultz is part of the Company’s Energy Services reportable segment. On July 1, 2013, the Company acquired Brinderson, L.P., a California limited partnership, General Energy Services, a California corporation, and Brinderson Constructors, Inc., a California corporation (collectively, “Brinderson”). The transaction purchase price was $150.0 million, which resulted in a cash purchase price at closing of $147.6 million after preliminary working capital adjustments and an adjustment to account for cash held in the business at closing. The transaction was funded by borrowings under the Company’s credit facility. During the fourth quarter of 2014, the Company finalized the settlement of negotiated working capital for the Brinderson acquisition as well as escrow claims made pursuant to the purchase agreement. As as a result of the settlement, the Company received proceeds of $5.5 million, $1.0 million of which was recorded as a purchase price adjustment related to working capital and the remaining $4.5 million was recorded as an offset to operating expense in the Consolidated Statement of Operations. Purchase Price Accounting The Company accounts for its acquisitions in accordance with FASB ASC 805, Business Combinations. The Company records definite-lived intangible assets at their determined fair value related to customer relationships, trade names and trademarks, patents and other acquired technologies. Acquisitions generally result in goodwill related to, among other things, synergies, acquired workforce, growth opportunities and market potential. The goodwill and definite-lived intangible assets associated with the Schultz and Brinderson acquisitions are deductible for tax purposes. During 2015, the Company substantially completed its accounting for Schultz. As the Company completes its final accounting for the Schultz acquisition, future adjustments related to working capital could occur. During 2014, certain pre-acquisition matters related to the acquisition of Brinderson were identified by the Company where a loss is both probable and reasonably estimable. Accordingly, the Company increased recorded goodwill by $14.5 million. During the fourth quarter of 2014, a final working capital settlement was reached and resulted in a $1.0 million reduction to the purchase price of Brinderson. The Schultz and Brinderson acquisitions made the following contributions to the Company’s revenues and profits (in thousands): Revenues Net income (loss) (1) (2) _____________________ Years Ended December 31, 2015 2014 2013 $ 339,305 (21,917) $ 305,807 $ 108,233 13,310 4,838 (1) Net income includes an allocation of corporate expenses that is not necessarily an indication of the entity’s operations on a stand alone basis. (2) Net income for 2015 includes a pre-tax charge for goodwill impairment of $33.5 million ($25.7 million after tax). See Note 2. 74 The following unaudited pro forma summary presents combined information of the Company as if the Schultz and Brinderson acquisitions had occurred at the beginning of the year preceding their acquisitions (in thousands): Revenues Net income (loss) (1) _____________________ Years Ended December 31, 2014 2013 $ 1,339,147 (35,304) $ 1,199,653 50,384 (1) Includes pro-forma adjustments for purchase price depreciation and amortization as if those intangibles were recorded as of January 1 of the year preceding the respective acquisition date. Total cash consideration recorded to acquire Schultz was $6.7 million, which was funded by the Company’s cash reserves. The cash consideration included the purchase price paid at closing of $7.1 million less working capital adjustments of $0.4 million. The total purchase price was $7.7 million, which represented the cash consideration of $6.7 million plus $1.0 million of deferred contingent consideration. The transaction purchase price to acquire Brinderson was $150.0 million, which included a cash purchase price at closing of $147.6 million after preliminary working capital adjustments and an adjustment to account for cash held in the business at closing. The final working capital settlement with the previous owners resulted in a $1.0 million reduction in purchase price for a final purchase price of $146.6 million. The following table summarizes the fair value of identified assets and liabilities of the Schultz and Brinderson acquisitions at their acquisition dates (in thousands): Cash Receivables and cost and estimated earnings in excess of billings Prepaid expenses and other current assets Property, plant and equipment Identified intangible assets Other assets Accounts payable, accrued expenses and billings in excess of cost and estimated earnings Total identifiable net assets Total consideration recorded Less: total identifiable net assets Final purchase price goodwill Schultz Brinderson $ — $ 1,086 19 162 3,060 — (663) 3,664 7,662 3,664 3,998 $ $ $ $ $ $ 3,842 28,353 655 6,848 60,210 1,071 (30,622) 70,357 146,605 70,357 76,248 The following adjustment was made during the fourth quarter of 2014 relative to the acquisition of Brinderson as the Company completed its purchase price accounting (in thousands): Goodwill at December 31, 2013 Decrease in goodwill related to working capital adjustment Goodwill at December 31, 2014 Brinderson $ $ 77,248 (1,000) 76,248 During the second quarter of 2014, and in connection with the 2012 acquisition of Fyfe Group LLC’s Asian operations (“Fyfe Asia”), the Company agreed to a working capital settlement with the previous owners, which increased the purchase price and related goodwill by $1.1 million for a final purchase price of $21.1 million (in thousands): Goodwill at December 31, 2013 Increase in goodwill related to working capital adjustment Goodwill at December 31, 2014 75 Fyfe Asia $ $ 20,008 1,098 21,106 2. ACCOUNTING POLICIES Principles of Consolidation The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company, its wholly-owned subsidiaries and majority- owned subsidiaries in which the Company is deemed to be the primary beneficiary. All significant intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated. Accounting Estimates The preparation of financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Foreign Currency Translation Net foreign exchange transaction gains (losses) of $(0.1) million, $(0.6) million and $(2.4) million for 2015, 2014 and 2013, respectively, are included in other income (expense) in the Consolidated Statements of Operations. For the Company’s international subsidiaries, the local currency is generally the functional currency. Assets and liabilities of these subsidiaries are translated into U.S. dollars using rates in effect at the balance sheet date while revenues and expenses are translated into U.S. dollars using average exchange rates. The cumulative translation adjustment resulting from changes in exchange rates are included in the consolidated balance sheets as a component of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) in total stockholders’ equity. Net foreign exchange transaction gains (losses) are included in other income (expense) in the Consolidated Statements of Operations. Due to the strengthening of the U.S. Dollar, there was a substantial decrease with respect to certain functional currencies and their relation to the U.S. Dollar during the latter half of 2014 and throughout 2015, most notably the Canadian dollar, Australian dollar, British pound and euro. The Company’s accumulated other comprehensive loss is comprised of three main components: (i) currency translation; (ii) derivatives; and (iii) gains and losses associated with the Company’s defined benefit plan in the United Kingdom. As of December 31, 2015 and 2014, the Company had $(47.7) million and $(23.4) million, respectively, related to currency translation adjustments, $(0.2) million and $(0.7) million, respectively, related to derivative transactions and $0.4 million and $(0.5) million, respectively, related to pension activity in accumulated other comprehensive loss. Research and Development The Company expenses research and development costs as incurred. Research and development costs of $2.8 million, $2.6 million and $2.6 million for the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013, respectively, are included in operating expenses in the accompanying consolidated statements of income. Taxation The Company provides for estimated income taxes payable or refundable on current year income tax returns as well as the estimated future tax effects attributable to temporary differences and carryforwards, based upon enacted tax laws and tax rates, and in accordance with FASB ASC 740, Income Taxes (“FASB ASC 740”). FASB ASC 740 also requires that a valuation allowance be recorded against any deferred tax assets that are not likely to be realized in the future. The determination is based on the Company’s ability to generate future taxable income and, at times, is dependent on its ability to implement strategic tax initiatives to ensure full utilization of recorded deferred tax assets. Should the Company not be able to implement the necessary tax strategies, it may need to record valuation allowances for certain deferred tax assets, including those related to foreign income tax benefits. Significant management judgment is required in determining the provision for income taxes, deferred tax assets and liabilities and any valuation allowances recorded against net deferred tax assets. In accordance with FASB ASC 740, tax benefits from an uncertain tax position may be recognized when it is more likely than not that the position will be sustained upon examination, including resolutions of any related appeals or litigation processes, based on the technical merits. In addition, this recognition model includes a measurement attribute that measures the position as the largest amount of tax that is greater than 50% likely of being realized upon ultimate settlement in accordance with FASB ASC 740. This interpretation also provides guidance on derecognition, classification, interest and penalties, accounting in interim periods, disclosure and transition. The Company recognizes tax liabilities in accordance with FASB ASC 740 and adjusts these liabilities when judgment changes as a result of the evaluation of new information not previously available. Due to the complexity of some of these uncertainties, the ultimate resolution may result in a payment that is materially different from the current estimate of the tax liabilities. These differences will be reflected as increases or decreases to income tax expense in the period in which they are determined. While the Company believes the resulting tax balances as of December 31, 2015 and 2014 were appropriately 76 accounted for in accordance with FASB ASC 740, the ultimate outcome of such matters could result in favorable or unfavorable adjustments to the consolidated financial statements and such adjustments could be material. Refer to Note 10 for additional information regarding taxes on income. Equity-Based Compensation The Company records expense for equity-based compensation awards, including restricted shares of common stock, performance awards, stock options and stock units based on the fair value recognition provisions contained in FASB ASC 718, Compensation – Stock Compensation (“FASB ASC 718”). Expense is recorded on a straight-line basis over the vesting period of the award. The fair value of stock option awards is determined using an option pricing model. Assumptions regarding volatility, expected term, dividend yield and risk-free rate are required for valuation of stock option awards. Volatility and expected term assumptions are based on the Company’s historical experience. The risk-free rate is based on a U.S. Treasury note with a maturity similar to the option award’s expected term. The fair value of restricted stock, restricted stock unit and deferred stock unit awards is determined using the Company’s closing stock price on the award date. The Company makes forfeiture rate assumptions in connection with the valuation of restricted stock and restricted stock unit awards that could be different than actual experience. As a general rule, all shares of restricted stock and restricted stock units are subject to service restrictions. Additionally, the Company awards certain performance-based stock unit awards for a number of its key employees. These awards are subject to performance and service restrictions, and contain cumulative financial targets for a designated performance period. These awards have a threshold, target and maximum amount of shares that could be awarded based on the Company’s cumulative financial results. Discussion of the Company’s application of FASB ASC 718 is described in Note 9. Revenues Revenues include construction, engineering and installation revenues that are recognized using the percentage-of- completion method of accounting in the ratio of costs incurred to estimated final costs. Revenues from change orders, extra work and variations in the scope of work are recognized when it is probable that they will result in additional contract revenue and when the amount can be reliably estimated. Contract costs include all direct material and labor costs and those indirect costs related to contract performance, such as indirect labor, supplies, tools and equipment costs. The Company expenses all pre-contract costs in the period these costs are incurred. Since the financial reporting of these contracts depends on estimates, which are assessed continually during the term of these contracts, recognized revenues and profit are subject to revisions as the contract progresses to completion. Revisions in profit estimates are reflected in the period in which the facts that give rise to the revision become known. If material, the effects of any changes in estimates are disclosed in the notes to the consolidated financial statements. When estimates indicate that a loss will be incurred on a contract, a provision for the expected loss is recorded in the period in which the loss becomes evident. Any revenue recognized is only to the extent costs have been recognized in the period. Additionally, the Company expenses all costs for unpriced change orders in the period in which they are incurred. Revenues from the Company’s Energy Services segment are derived mainly from multiple engineering and construction type contracts, as well as maintenance contracts, under multi-year long-term Master Service Agreements and alliance contracts. Businesses within the Company’s Energy Services segment enter into customer contracts that contain three principal types of pricing provisions: time and materials, cost plus fixed fee and fixed price. Although the terms of these contracts vary, most are made pursuant to cost reimbursable contracts on a time and materials basis under which revenues are recorded based on costs incurred at agreed upon contractual rates. Brinderson also performs services on a cost plus fixed fee basis under which revenues are recorded based upon costs incurred at agreed upon rates and a proportionate amount of the fixed fee or percentage stipulated in the contract. Earnings per Share Earnings per share have been calculated using the following share information: Years Ended December 31, 2015 2014 2013 Weighted average number of common shares used for basic EPS 36,554,437 37,651,492 38,692,658 Effect of dilutive stock options and restricted and deferred stock unit awards Weighted average number of common shares and dilutive potential common stock used in dilutive EPS — — 389,684 36,554,437 37,651,492 39,082,342 The Company excluded 324,804 and 318,059 stock options and restricted and deferred stock units in 2015 and 2014, respectively, from the diluted earnings per share calculation for the Company’s common stock because of the reported net loss for the period. The Company excluded 164,014, 164,014 and 318,026 stock options in 2015, 2014 and 2013, respectively, from 77 the diluted earnings per share calculations for the Company’s common stock because they were anti-dilutive as their exercise prices were greater than the average market price of common shares for each period. Classification of Current Assets and Current Liabilities The Company includes in current assets and current liabilities certain amounts realizable and payable under construction contracts that may extend beyond one year. The construction periods on projects undertaken by the Company generally range from less than one month to 24 months. At December 31, 2015, the Company’s balance in billings in excess of costs and estimated earnings was $87.5 million, which increased $44.5 million from December 31, 2014 primarily due to the timing of billing and advance deposits received on certain coatings projects at our Bayou Louisiana facility. Correspondingly, the Company’s balance in prepaid expenses and other current assets was $67.0 million at December 31, 2015, an increase of $25.0 million from December 31, 2014, due primarily to the timing of advance deposits paid to suppliers on those same projects. Cash, Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash The Company classifies highly liquid investments with original maturities of 90 days or less as cash equivalents. Recorded book values are reasonable estimates of fair value for cash and cash equivalents. Restricted cash primarily consists of funds reserved for legal requirements, payments from certain customers placed in escrow in lieu of retention in case of potential issues regarding future job performance by the Company, or advance customer payments and compensating balances for bank undertakings in Europe. Restricted cash related to operations is similar to retainage, and is therefore classified as a current asset, consistent with the Company’s policy on retainage. Changes in restricted cash flows are reported in the consolidated statements of cash flows based on the nature of the restriction. Inventories Inventories are stated at the lower of cost (first-in, first-out) or market. Actual cost is used to value raw materials and supplies. Standard cost, which approximates actual cost, is used to value work-in-process, finished goods and construction materials. Standard cost includes direct labor, raw materials and manufacturing overhead based on normal capacity. For certain businesses within our Corrosion Protection segment, the Company uses actual costs or average costs for all classes of inventory. Retainage Many of the contracts under which the Company performs work contain retainage provisions. Retainage refers to that portion of revenue earned by the Company but held for payment by the customer pending satisfactory completion of the project. The Company generally invoices its customers periodically as work is completed. Under ordinary circumstances, collection from municipalities is made within 60 to 90 days of billing. In most cases, 5% to 15% of the contract value is withheld by the municipal owner pending satisfactory completion of the project. Collections from other customers are generally made within 30 to 45 days of billing. Unless reserved, the Company believes that all amounts retained by customers under such provisions are fully collectible. Retainage on active contracts is classified as a current asset regardless of the term of the contract. Retainage is generally collected within one year of the completion of a contract, although collection can extend beyond one year from time to time. As of December 31, 2015, retainage receivables aged greater than 365 days approximated 10% of the total retainage balance and collectibility was assessed as described in the allowance for doubtful accounts section below. Allowance for Doubtful Accounts Management makes estimates of the uncollectibility of accounts receivable and retainage. The Company records an allowance based on specific accounts to reduce receivables, including retainage, to the amount that is expected to be collected. The specific allowances are reevaluated and adjusted as additional information is received. After all reasonable attempts to collect the receivable or retainage have been explored, the account is written off against the allowance. The Company also includes reserves related to certain accounts receivable that may be in litigation or dispute. Long-Lived Assets Property, plant and equipment and other identified intangibles (primarily customer relationships, patents and acquired technologies, trademarks, licenses and non-compete agreements) are recorded at cost, net of accumulated depreciation and impairment, and, except for goodwill and certain trademarks, are depreciated or amortized on a straight-line basis over their estimated useful lives. Changes in circumstances such as technological advances, changes to the Company’s business model or changes in the Company’s capital strategy can result in the actual useful lives differing from the Company’s estimates. During 2015, no such changes were noted. If the Company determines that the useful life of its property, plant and equipment or its identified intangible assets should be changed, the Company would depreciate or amortize the net book value in excess of the salvage value over its revised remaining useful life, thereby increasing or decreasing depreciation or amortization expense. 78 Long-lived assets, including property, plant and equipment and other intangibles, are reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. Such impairment tests are based on a comparison of undiscounted cash flows to the recorded value of the asset. The estimate of cash flow is based upon, among other things, assumptions about expected future operating performance. The Company’s estimates of undiscounted cash flow may differ from actual cash flow due to, among other things, technological changes, economic conditions, changes to its business model or changes in its operating performance. If the sum of the undiscounted cash flows (excluding interest) is less than the carrying value, the Company recognizes an impairment loss, measured as the amount by which the carrying value exceeds the fair value of the asset. Impairment Reviews - 2015 As a result of the annual impairment assessment in accordance with FASB ASC 350, Intangibles - Goodwill and Other (“FASB ASC 350”) as of October 1, 2015, the CRTS reporting unit had a fair value below its carrying value, which caused the Company to review the financial performance of at risk asset groups within that reporting unit in accordance with FASB ASC 360, Property, Plant and Equipment (“FASB ASC 360”). The results of CRTS are reported within the Corrosion Protection reportable segment. In response to contract losses in the Central California upstream energy market during the fourth quarter of 2015 and the Company’s subsequent decision to reduce exposure to the upstream market, the Company performed a market assessment of its energy-related businesses and concluded that sustained low oil prices will continue to create market challenges for the foreseeable future, including a continued reduction in spending by certain of its customers in 2016. The loss of the contracts, coupled with the decision to downsize, caused the Company to review the financial performance of at risk asset groups within the reporting unit. The results of Energy Services are reported within the Energy Services reportable segment. The assets of each asset group represent the lowest level for which identifiable cash flows can be determined independent of other groups of assets and liabilities. The Company developed internal forward business plans under the guidance of local and regional leadership to determine the undiscounted expected future cash flows derived from each of the at risk asset groups’ long-lived assets. Such were based on management’s best estimates considering the likelihood of various outcomes. Based on the internal projections, the Company determined that the undiscounted expected future cash flows for all of the identified at risk asset groups exceeded the carrying value of the assets, and as such, no impairment to recorded long-lived assets was required. Impairment Review - September 30, 2014 As part of the 2014 Restructuring, the Company evaluated the long-lived assets of its global operations affected by the restructuring initiative. The affected reporting units were (i) the Bayou reporting unit (“Bayou Reporting Unit”); (ii) the European Sewer and Water Rehabilitation (“Europe”) reporting unit; and (iii) the Asia-Pacific Sewer and Water Rehabilitation (“Asia-Pacific”) reporting unit. The results of the Bayou Reporting Unit and its related asset groups are reported within the Corrosion Protection reportable segment. The results of Europe and Asia-Pacific and their related asset groups are reported within the Infrastructure Solutions reportable segment. The Company performed an asset impairment review as of September 30, 2014 for all of its at risk asset groups within each of the affected reporting units in accordance with FASB ASC 360. The Company also engaged a third-party valuation firm to assist in determining the fair value of long-lived assets at these at risk asset groups. Based upon the results of the analysis, the at risk asset groups with a fair value less than the carrying value of their respective assets included Bayou and Bayou Delta of the Bayou Reporting Unit; France of the Europe reporting unit; and Malaysia and India of the Asia-Pacific reporting unit. Accordingly, the Company recorded a total impairment charge of $11.9 million in the third quarter of 2014, which consisted of $10.9 million related to Bayou, $0.4 million related to Bayou Delta, $0.2 million related to France, $0.3 million related to Malaysia and $0.1 million related to India. The impairment charge was primarily recorded to cost of revenues in the Consolidated Statements of Operations. Included within the impairment assessment were Bayou-related intangible assets such as tradenames and customer relationships that were also tested on an undiscounted cash flow basis. For customer relationships, the undiscounted expected future cash flows were less than the carrying value; thus, the Company engaged a third-party valuation firm to assist in determining the fair value of customer relationships recorded at Bayou. Based on the results of the valuation, the carrying amount of the customer relationship intangible asset at Bayou exceeded the fair value and resulted in a full impairment as of September 30, 2014. Accordingly, the Company recorded a $10.9 million impairment charge in the third quarter of 2014. The impairment charge was recorded to definite-lived intangible asset impairment in the Consolidated Statements of Operations. Annual Impairment Assessment - October 1, 2014 As a result of the annual impairment assessment in accordance with FASB ASC 350, Intangibles – Goodwill and Other (“FASB ASC 350”), the Fyfe Rehabilitation (“Fyfe”) reporting unit had a fair value below its carrying value, which caused the Company to review the financial performance of all at risk asset groups within that reporting unit in accordance with FASB 79 ASC 360. The results of Fyfe and its related asset groups are reported within the Infrastructure Solutions reportable segment. Based on the results of the valuation, the carrying amount of the customer relationship intangible asset at Fyfe Latin America exceeded the fair value and resulted in a $1.2 million impairment charge in the fourth quarter of 2014. The impairment charge was recorded to definite-lived intangible asset impairment in the Consolidated Statements of Operations. Impairment Review - December 31, 2014 During the fourth quarter of 2014, certain reporting units operating in the energy sector experienced customer-driven delays, work order cancellations, and canceled sales opportunities as a result of declining crude oil prices since October 2014. As a result, the Company evaluated the long-lived assets of its operations affected by these circumstances and performed an asset impairment review as of December 31, 2014 for all of its at risk asset groups within the CRTS and Bayou reporting units. The results of these reporting units and their related asset groups are reported within the Corrosion Protection reportable segment. Based on the internal projections, the Company determined that the undiscounted expected future cash flows for all of the identified at risk asset groups exceeded the carrying value of the assets, and as such, no impairment to recorded long- lived assets was required. The fair value estimates described above were determined using observable inputs and significant unobservable inputs, which are based on level 3 inputs as defined in Note 12. Goodwill Under FASB ASC 350, the Company assesses recoverability of goodwill on an annual basis or when events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of goodwill may not be recoverable. An impairment charge will be recognized to the extent that the implied fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying value. Factors that could potentially trigger an impairment review include (but are not limited to): • • • • • significant underperformance of a segment relative to expected, historical or forecasted operating results; significant negative industry or economic trends; significant changes in the strategy for a segment including extended slowdowns in the segment’s market; a decrease in market capitalization below the Company’s book value; and a significant change in regulations. Whether during the annual impairment assessment or during a trigger-based impairment review, the Company determines the fair value of its reporting units and compares such fair value to the carrying value of those reporting units to determine if there are any indications of goodwill impairment. Fair value of reporting units is determined using a combination of two valuation methods: a market approach and an income approach with each method given equal weight in determining the fair value assigned to each reporting unit. Absent an indication of fair value from a potential buyer or similar specific transaction, the Company believes the use of these two methods provides a reasonable estimate of a reporting unit’s fair value. Assumptions common to both methods are operating plans and economic outlooks, which are used to forecast future revenues, earnings and after-tax cash flows for each reporting unit. These assumptions are applied consistently for both methods. The market approach estimates fair value by first determining earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization (“EBITDA”) multiples for comparable publicly-traded companies with similar characteristics of the reporting unit. The EBITDA multiples for comparable companies are based upon current enterprise value. The enterprise value is based upon current market capitalization and includes a control premium. The Company believes this approach is appropriate because it provides a fair value estimate using multiples from entities with operations and economic characteristics comparable to its reporting units. The income approach is based on forecasted future (debt-free) cash flows that are discounted to present value using factors that consider timing and risk of future cash flows. The Company believes this approach is appropriate because it provides a fair value estimate based upon the reporting unit’s expected long-term operating cash flow performance. Discounted cash flow projections are based on financial forecasts developed from operating plans and economic outlooks, growth rates, estimates of future expected changes in operating margins, terminal value growth rates, future capital expenditures and changes in working capital requirements. Estimates of discounted cash flows may differ from actual cash flows due to, among other things, changes in economic conditions, changes to business models, changes in the Company’s weighted average cost of capital, or changes in operating performance. The discount rate applied to the estimated future cash flows is one of the most significant assumptions utilized under the income approach. The Company determines the appropriate discount rate for each of its reporting units based on the weighted average cost of capital (“WACC”) for each individual reporting unit. The WACC takes into account both the pre-tax cost of debt and cost of equity (a major component of the cost of equity is the current risk-free rate on twenty year U.S. Treasury 80 bonds). As each reporting unit has a different risk profile based on the nature of its operations, including market-based factors, the WACC for each reporting unit may differ. Accordingly, the WACCs are adjusted, as appropriate, to account for company- specific risks associated with each reporting unit. Annual Impairment Assessment - October 1, 2015 The Company had nine reporting units for purposes of assessing goodwill at October 1, 2015 as follows: North American Rehabilitation, Europe, Asia-Pacific, United Pipeline Systems, Bayou, Corrpro, CRTS, Fyfe and Energy Services. During 2015, the Company acquired Schultz (see Note 1) and, for goodwill testing purposes, integrated Schultz into the previous Brinderson reporting unit to form the Energy Services reporting unit. Significant assumptions used in the Company’s October 2015 goodwill review included: (i) discount rates ranging from 12.5% to 15.0%; (ii) annual revenue growth rates generally ranging from 1% to 15%; (iii) gross margin declines in the short term related to certain reporting units in the energy sector, but sustained or slightly increased gross margins long term; (iv) peer group EBITDA multiples; and (v) terminal values for each reporting unit using a long-term growth rate of 1.0% to3.5%. If actual results differ from estimates used in these calculations, the Company could incur future impairment charges. During the Company’s assessment of its reporting units’ fair values in relation to their respective carrying values, three reporting units had a fair value in excess of 30% of their carrying value, four reporting units had a fair value in excess of 10%, but below 30% of their carrying value, one reporting unit had a fair value within 10% percent of its carrying value, and one had a fair value below its carrying value. The reporting unit with a fair value within 10% of its carrying value was the Energy Services reporting unit. The one reporting unit with a fair value below its carrying value was the CRTS reporting unit. The total value of goodwill recorded at the impairment testing date for the Energy Services and CRTS reporting units was $80.2 million and $14.4 million, respectively. For the Energy Services reporting unit, excess fair value in relation to its carrying value was 7.5%. The values derived from both the income approach and the market approach decreased from the October 1, 2014 annual goodwill impairment analysis, and the fair value in relation to its carrying value declined from the prior year due to softening in the upstream energy markets in Central California. While activity in California’s downstream markets remains robust, the upstream market has experienced reduced spending by certain of the Company’s customers in 2015. The fair value for Energy Services decreased $7.7 million, or 4.1%, from the prior year analysis. The 2015 analysis assumed a weighted average cost of capital of 13.5%, compared 14.0% in 2014, and a long-term growth rate of 2.0%, which is consistent with the October 1, 2014 review. The income approach analysis also included an annual revenue growth rate of approximately 3.3%, which is lower than the prior year analysis; and gross margins were decreased slightly in the short term due to the softness in the upstream energy markets. See below for the trigger-based impairment review conducted as of December 31, 2015. For the CRTS reporting unit, fair value in relation to its carrying value was negative 30.0%. The values derived from both the income approach and the market approach decreased from the December 31, 2014 impairment review (see below), and the fair value in relation to its carrying value declined from the prior year due to continued current uncertainty in the upstream oil markets, which caused customer-driven delays in the more profitable international offshore pipeline market and delayed or canceled sales opportunities in certain North American markets. CRTS secured sizable project wins during 2014 and 2015; however, most were situated in international onshore and mining markets, which typically offer lower margin profiles. Management expects this trend to continue into the foreseeable future. The fair value for CRTS decreased $10.0 million, or 21.8%, from the prior year analysis. The impairment analysis assumed a weighted average cost of capital of 13.5% and a long- term growth rate of 3.0%. The income approach analysis also included an annual revenue growth rate of approximately 0.5%, which is lower than the 3.8% growth rate assumed in the previous analysis. As a result of failing Step 1, the Company performed Step 2 procedures, which compares the carrying value of goodwill to its implied fair value. In estimating the implied fair value of goodwill for a reporting unit, the Company assigns the fair value (as determined in Step 1) to the assets and liabilities associated with the reporting unit as if the reporting unit had been acquired in a business combination. Any excess of the carrying value of goodwill of the reporting unit over its implied fair value is recorded as impairment. Based on this analysis, the Company determined that recorded goodwill at CRTS was impaired by $10.0 million, which was recorded to “Goodwill impairment” in the Consolidated Statement of Operations in the fourth quarter of 2015. As of December 31, 2015, the Company had remaining CRTS goodwill of $4.4 million. Projected cash flows were based, in part, on maintaining a presence in the higher-margin, international offshore pipeline market and the Company’s ability to expand its technology to other applications. If these assumptions do not materialize in a manner consistent with the Company’s expectations, there is risk of impairment to recorded goodwill. Impairment Review - December 31, 2015 In response to contract losses in the Central California upstream energy market during the fourth quarter of 2015 and the Company’s subsequent decision to reduce exposure to the upstream market, the Company performed a market assessment of its energy-related businesses and concluded that sustained low oil prices will continue to create market challenges for the foreseeable future, including a continued reduction in spending by certain of its customers in 2016. The loss of the contracts, 81 coupled with the decision to downsize, caused the Company to review the goodwill of its operations affected by these circumstances and determined that a triggering event had occurred. As such, the Company performed an interim goodwill impairment review for its Energy Services reporting unit as of December 31, 2015. In accordance with the provisions of FASB ASC 350, the Company determined the fair value of the affected reporting unit and it was found to be less than the carrying value. For the Energy Services reporting unit, fair value in relation to its carrying value was negative 27.6%. The values derived from the income approach and the market approach decreased 29.0% and 27.6%, respectively, from the October 1, 2015 goodwill impairment analysis. The Company’s expected future cash flows in 2016 and beyond were lowered primarily due to the loss of two key contracts in the Central California upstream energy market in the fourth quarter of 2015. The impairment analysis assumed a weighted average cost of capital of 13.0%, compared 13.5% in the October 1, 2015 review, and a long-term growth rate of 2.0%, which is consistent with the October 1, 2015 review. The income approach analysis included a year 1 decrease in revenue of approximately $90 million and an annual revenue growth rate thereafter of approximately 2.6%, which was slightly lower than the 3.3% annual growth in the previous analysis. Average gross margins were generally consistent between the two analyses; however, operating expenses declined in a manner consistent with revenues as a result of the benefits achieved from the 2016 Restructuring. As a result of failing Step 1, the Company performed Step 2 procedures, which compares the carrying value of goodwill to its implied fair value. In estimating the implied fair value of goodwill for a reporting unit, the Company assigns the fair value (as determined in Step1) to the assets and liabilities associated with the reporting unit as if the reporting unit had been acquired in a business combination. Any excess of the carrying value of goodwill of the reporting unit over its implied fair value is recorded as impairment. Based on this analysis, the Company determined that recorded goodwill at Energy Services was impaired by $33.5 million, which was recorded to “Goodwill impairment” in the Consolidated Statement of Operations in the fourth quarter of 2015. As of December 31, 2015, the Company had remaining Energy Services goodwill of $46.7 million. Projected cash flows were based on maintaining a smaller but profitable presence in the upstream energy market and continued strength in the Central California downstream energy market. Also included in the projected cash flows were certain cost savings expected to be achieved through the 2016 Restructuring. If these assumptions do not materialize in a manner consistent with the Company’s expectations, there is risk of impairment to recorded goodwill. Impairment Review - September 30, 2014 As a result of the 2014 Restructuring, the Company evaluated the goodwill of its global operations affected by the restructuring initiative and determined that a triggering event had occurred. As such, the Company performed a goodwill impairment review for each affected reporting unit as of September 30, 2014. The Company’s reporting units adversely affected by the 2014 Restructuring were Bayou, Europe and Asia-Pacific. In accordance with the provisions of FASB ASC 350, the Company determined the fair value of its reporting units and compared such fair value to the carrying value of those reporting units. For all three reporting units, fair value exceeded carrying value, and as such, no impairment to recorded goodwill was required. Annual Impairment Assessment - October 1, 2014 As a result of the annual impairment assessment in accordance with FASB ASC 350, the Fyfe reporting unit had a fair value less than its carrying value. Longer-term expectations for the Fyfe businesses, primarily in North America, were lowered in 2014 because investments in operational leadership and business development yielded slower than expected growth. In previous years, the Company expected bidding activity would increase in 2014 and result in new contract wins that would commence in 2014 and 2015. While stability was restored and improvements were made in 2014, the ability to sustain new order intake and improve gross profits did not materialize as rapidly as expected. As a result of failing Step 1, the Company performed Step 2 procedures, which compares the carrying value of goodwill to its implied fair value. Based on this analysis, the Company determined that recorded goodwill at Fyfe was impaired by $16.1 million, which was recorded to “Goodwill impairment” in the Consolidated Statement of Operations in the fourth quarter of 2014. As of December 31, 2014, the Company had remaining Fyfe goodwill of $50.2 million. Future cash flows included increased revenue projections related to growth in the pipeline market, specifically industrial and municipal pipelines. Delays in those growth projections could have a material negative affect on Fyfe’s projected long-term cash flows. Also included in the projected cash flows were certain cost savings expected to be achieved through the 2014 Restructuring. If any of these assumptions do not materialize in a manner consistent with the Company’s expectations, there is risk of impairment to recorded goodwill. Impairment Review - December 31, 2014 During the fourth quarter of 2014, certain reporting units operating in the energy sector experienced customer-driven delays, work order cancellations, and canceled sales opportunities as a result of declining crude oil prices since October 2014. The Company evaluated the goodwill of its operations affected by these circumstances and determined that a triggering event had occurred. As such, the Company performed a goodwill impairment review for its Bayou and CRTS reporting units as of December 31, 2014. In accordance with the provisions of FASB ASC 350, the Company determined the fair value of its 82 affected reporting units and compared such fair value to the carrying value of those reporting units. For both reporting units, carrying value exceeded fair value. For the Bayou reporting unit, uncertainty in the upstream oil markets, which caused work order cancellations and canceled sales opportunities in North America for the Bayou Canada and CCSI asset groups, affected the Company’s expected future cash flows in 2015 and 2016. As a result of failing Step 1, the Company performed Step 2 procedures, which compares the carrying value of goodwill to its implied fair value. Based on this analysis, the Company determined that Bayou’s goodwill was fully impaired, and as such, recorded a $29.7 million charge to “Goodwill impairment” in the Consolidated Statement of Operations in 2014. As of December 31, 2014, there was no recorded goodwill at Bayou. For the CRTS reporting unit, expected future cash flows were impacted by the uncertainty in the upstream oil markets, which caused customer-driven delays in the more profitable international offshore pipeline market and delayed or canceled sales opportunities in certain North American markets. As a result of failing Step 1, the Company performed Step 2 procedures, which compares the carrying value of goodwill to its implied fair value. Based on this analysis, the Company determined that recorded goodwill at CRTS was impaired by $5.7 million, which was recorded to “Goodwill impairment” in the Consolidated Statement of Operations in 2014. As of December 31, 2014, the Company had remaining CRTS goodwill of $14.4 million. See subsequent impairment review performed as of October 1, 2015 above. Investments in Affiliated Companies On March 31, 2014, the Company sold its forty-nine percent (49%) interest in Bayou Coating to Stupp, the holder of the remaining fifty-one percent (51%) interest in Bayou Coating. Stupp purchased the interest by exercising an existing option to acquire the Company’s interest in Bayou Coating at a purchase price equal to $9.1 million. The Company had previously received an indication from Stupp of its intent to exercise such option and, in the second quarter of 2013 in connection with such indication, the Company recognized a non-cash charge of $2.7 million ($1.8 million after tax) related to the goodwill allocated to the joint venture as part of the purchase price accounting associated with the 2009 acquisition of Bayou. The non- cash charge represented the Company’s then current estimate of the difference between the carrying value of the investment on the balance sheet and the amount the Company would receive in connection with the exercise. During the first quarter of 2014, the difference between the Company’s recorded gross equity in earnings of affiliated companies of $1.2 million and the final equity distribution settlement of $0.7 million resulted in a loss of $0.5 million that is recorded in other income (expense) on the consolidated statement of operations. Prior to March 2014, the Company held a fifty-nine percent (59%) equity interest in Bayou Delta through which the Company offers pipe jointing and other services for the steel-coated pipe industry. The remaining forty-one percent (41%) was held by Bayou Coating. On March 31, 2014, the Company acquired this forty-one percent (41%) interest from Bayou Coating by exercising its existing option at a purchase price equal to $0.6 million. As a result, Bayou Delta is now a wholly owned subsidiary of the Company. In June 2013, the Company sold its fifty percent (50%) interest in Insituform-Germany to Aarsleff. Insituform-Germany, a company that was jointly owned by Aegion and Aarsleff, is active in the business of no-dig pipe rehabilitation in Germany, Slovakia and Hungary. The sale price was €14 million, approximately $18.3 million. The sale resulted in a gain on the sale of approximately $11.3 million (net of $0.5 million of transaction expenses) recorded in other income (expense) on the consolidated statement of operations. In connection with the sale, Insituform-Germany also entered into a tube supply agreement with the Company whereby Insituform-Germany was obligated to purchase on an annual basis at least GBP 2.3 million, approximately $3.6 million, of felt cured-in-place pipe (“CIPP”) liners during the two-year period from June 26, 2013 to June 30, 2015. The parties did not renew the tube supply agreement upon expiration. Investments in entities in which the Company does not have control or is not the primary beneficiary of a variable interest entity, and for which the Company has 20% to 50% ownership or has the ability to exert significant influence, are accounted for by the equity method. At December 31, 2015 and 2014, the Company did not own any investments in affiliated companies. Net income presented below for the years ended December 31, 2014 and 2013 includes Bayou Coating’s previously held forty-one percent (41%) interest in Bayou Delta, which is eliminated for purposes of determining the Company’s equity in earnings of affiliated companies because Bayou Delta was consolidated in the Company’s financial statements as a result of its additional ownership through another Company subsidiary. The Company did not maintain any investments in affiliated companies during the year ended December 31, 2015. 83 The Company’s equity in earnings of affiliated companies for all periods presented below includes acquisition-related depreciation and amortization expense and is net of income taxes associated with these earnings. Financial data for investments in affiliated companies are summarized in the following table (in thousands): Income statement data Revenue Gross profit Net income Equity in earnings of affiliated companies _____________________ Years Ended December 31, 2013(2) 2014(1) $ 9,088 $ 3,489 2,413 570 89,157 27,336 17,946 5,159 (1) Includes the results of Bayou Coating through the date of its sale in March 2014. (2) Includes the results of Insituform-Germany through the date of its sale in June 2013. Investments in Variable Interest Entities The Company evaluates all transactions and relationships with variable interest entities (“VIE”) to determine whether the Company is the primary beneficiary of the entities in accordance with FASB ASC 810, Consolidation. The Company’s overall methodology for evaluating transactions and relationships under the VIE requirements includes the following two steps: • • determine whether the entity meets the criteria to qualify as a VIE; and determine whether the Company is the primary beneficiary of the VIE. In performing the first step, the significant factors and judgments that the Company considers in making the determination as to whether an entity is a VIE include: • the design of the entity, including the nature of its risks and the purpose for which the entity was created, to determine the variability that the entity was designed to create and distribute to its interest holders; • the nature of the Company’s involvement with the entity; • whether control of the entity may be achieved through arrangements that do not involve voting equity; • whether there is sufficient equity investment at risk to finance the activities of the entity; and • whether parties other than the equity holders have the obligation to absorb expected losses or the right to receive residual returns. If the Company identifies a VIE based on the above considerations, it then performs the second step and evaluates whether it is the primary beneficiary of the VIE by considering the following significant factors and judgments: • whether the entity has the power to direct the activities of a variable interest entity that most significantly impact the entity’s economic performance; and • whether the entity has the obligation to absorb losses of the entity that could potentially be significant to the variable interest entity or the right to receive benefits from the entity that could potentially be significant to the variable interest entity. Based on its evaluation of the above factors and judgments, as of December 31, 2015, the Company consolidated any VIEs in which it was the primary beneficiary. Financial data for consolidated variable interest entities are summarized in the following tables (in thousands): Balance sheet data Current assets Non-current assets Current liabilities Non-current liabilities December 31, 2015 (1) 2014 $ 60,730 $ 26,316 24,784 25,728 57,046 43,165 22,525 36,155 (1) Amounts include $21.1 million of current assets and $7.0 million of current liabilities classified as held for sale. See Note 5. 84 Income statement data Revenue Gross profit Net income Years Ended December 31, 2014 2013 2015 $ $ 77,361 11,325 321 $ 84,968 14,306 2,413 85,908 12,998 1,892 The Company’s non-consolidated variable interest entities are accounted for using the equity method of accounting and discussed further under “Investments in Affiliated Companies” above. Newly Issued Accounting Pronouncements In February 2016, the FASB issued guidance that requires lessees to present right-of-use assets and lease liabilities on the balance sheet. The standard is effective for public companies for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2018, including interim periods within those fiscal years. The Company is currently evaluating the effect the guidance will have on its financial condition and results of operations. In November 2015, the FASB issued guidance that requires all deferred tax assets and liabilities, along with any related valuation allowance, to be presented as non-current within the Consolidated Balance Sheet. It is effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2016, but early adoption is permitted. The adoption of this standard is not expected to have a material impact on the Company’s presentation of its financial condition. In September 2015, the FASB issued guidance that requires acquirers in a business combination to recognize measurement period adjustments in the reporting period in which the adjustment amounts are determined. This is a change from the previous requirement that the adjustments be recorded retrospectively. The adoption of this standard is not expected to have a material impact on the Company’s presentation of its consolidated financial statements. In April 2015, the FASB issued guidance that amends existing requirements regarding the balance sheet presentation of debt issuance costs as a deduction from the carrying amount of the related debt liability instead of a deferred charge. It is effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2015, but early adoption is permitted. The adoption of this standard is not expected to have a material impact on the Company’s presentation of its financial condition. In August 2014, the FASB issued guidance that requires management to assess the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern and to provide related disclosures in certain circumstances. The standard is effective for public companies for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2016 and early adoption is permitted. The adoption of this standard is not expected to have a material impact on the Company’s presentation of its consolidated financial statements. In May 2014, the FASB issued guidance that supersedes revenue recognition requirements regarding contracts with customers to transfer goods or services or for the transfer of non-financial assets. Under the new guidance, entities are required to recognize revenue in order to depict the transfer of promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the entity expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. The guidance provides a five- step analysis to be performed on transactions to determine when and how revenue is recognized. This new guidance is effective retroactively in fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2017. The Company is currently evaluating the effect the guidance will have on its financial condition and results of operations. 3. RESTRUCTURING 2016 Restructuring On January 4, 2016, the Company’s board of directors approved the 2016 Restructuring to reposition Energy Services’ upstream operations in California, right-size Corrosion Protection to compete more effectively and reduce corporate and other operating costs. See further discussion in Note 16. 2014 Restructuring On October 6, 2014, the Company’s board of directors approved the 2014 Restructuring to improve gross margins and profitability over the long term by exiting low-return businesses and reducing the size and cost of the Company’s overhead structure. The 2014 Restructuring generated annual operating cost savings of approximately $10.8 million, which was in-line with the Company’s initial estimate, and consisted of approximately $8.4 million and $2.4 million of recognized savings within Infrastructure Solutions and Corrosion Protection, respectively. The Company achieved these cost savings by (i) exiting certain unprofitable international locations for the Company’s Insituform business and consolidating the Company’s worldwide Fyfe 85 business with the Company’s global Insituform business, all of which is in Infrastructure Solutions; and (ii) eliminating certain idle facilities in the Company’s Bayou pipe coating operation in Louisiana, which is in Corrosion Protection. The Company has substantially completed all of the aforementioned objectives related to the 2014 Restructuring. Headcount reductions associated with the 2014 Restructuring totaled 86 as of December 31, 2015. Remaining headcount reductions and cash costs related to the 2014 Restructuring are not expected to be material. Total pre-tax restructuring charges since inception were $60.5 million ($44.9 million after tax) and consisted of non-cash charges totaling $48.6 million and cash charges totaling $11.9 million. The non-cash charges of $48.6 million included (i) $22.2 million related to the impairment of certain long-lived assets and definite-lived intangible assets for Bayou’s pipe coating operation in Louisiana, which is reported in Corrosion Protection, and (ii) $26.4 million related to impairment of definite-lived intangible assets, allowances for accounts receivable, write-off of certain other current assets and long-lived assets, inventory obsolescence, as well as losses related to the sales of the Company’s CIPP contracting operations in France and Switzerland, which are reported in Infrastructure Solutions. Cash charges totaling $11.9 million included employee severance, retention, extension of benefits, employment assistance programs and other costs associated with the restructuring of Insituform’s European and Asia-Pacific operations and Fyfe’s worldwide business. While estimated remaining cash costs to be incurred in 2016 for the 2014 Restructuring are not expected to be material, the Company expects to incur additional non-cash charges in 2016, primarily related to the potential release of cumulative currency translation adjustments resulting from the disposal of certain entities as well as the foreign currency impact from settlement of inter-company loans. The Company recorded pre-tax expenses of $11.0 million and $49.5 million in 2015 and 2014, respectively, related to the 2014 Restructuring as follows (in thousands): Years Ended December 31, 2015 2014 Infrastructure Solutions Corrosion Protection Total Infrastructure Solutions Corrosion Protection Total Severance and benefit related costs $ Lease termination costs Allowances for doubtful accounts Inventory obsolescence Fixed asset impairment Definite-lived intangible asset impairment Other asset write-offs Other restructuring costs (1) 801 167 1,186 — — — 1,880 6,946 $ — $ — — — — — — — 801 167 1,186 — — — 1,880 6,946 $ 687 $ — $ — 11,947 2,746 533 — 5,013 6,358 — — — 11,338 10,896 — — 687 — 11,947 2,746 11,871 10,896 5,013 6,358 Total pre-tax restructuring charges $ 10,980 $ — $ 10,980 $ 27,284 $ 22,234 $ 49,518 __________________________ (1) Includes charges related to the losses on the sales of the CIPP contracting operations in France in February 2015 and Switzerland in December 2014, including the release of cumulative currency translation adjustments resulting from those sales. Also includes the write-off of certain other current assets and long-lived assets, professional fees and certain other restructuring charges. Restructuring costs of $1.0 million and $0.7 million in 2015 and 2014, respectively, are reported on a separate line in the Consolidated Statements of Operations in accordance with FASB ASC 420, Exit or Disposal Cost Obligations, and relate to severance, related termination benefit costs and lease termination costs. 86 The following table summarizes all restructuring charges recognized in 2015 and 2014, as presented in their affected line in the Consolidated Statements of Operations: Years Ended December 31, 2015 2014 Other Non-Cash Restructuring Charges (1) Cash Restructuring Charges (Reversals)(3) $ 1,620 $ 1,097 $ 25 — — 3,035 4,362 — 968 (127) Total 2,717 4,387 — 968 2,908 Other Non-Cash Restructuring Charges (2) Cash Restructuring Charges(3) $ 14,610 $ 1,076 $ 17,579 2,976 10,896 — 790 — 687 904 Total 15,686 20,555 10,896 687 1,694 Cost of revenues Operating expenses Definite-lived intangible asset impairment Restructuring charges Other expense Total pre-tax restructuring charges $ 4,680 $ 6,300 $ 10,980 $ 43,875 $ 5,643 $ 49,518 __________________________ (1) The non-cash charges for the year ended December 31, 2015 are comprised solely of Infrastructure Solutions charges related to the loss on sale of the CIPP contracting operation in France, including the release of cumulative currency translation adjustments, write-off of certain other current assets and long-lived assets as well as the reversal of a legal accrual. (2) The non-cash charges for the year ended December 31, 2014 are comprised of Corrosion Protection charges of $10.9 million related to definite lived intangible asset impairment and $11.3 million related to fixed asset impairment, and Infrastructure Solutions charges of $21.7 million related to inventory obsolescence, impairment definite-lived intangible assets, allowances for accounts receivable, write- off of certain other current assets and long-lived assets, loss on the sale of the CIPP contracting operation in Switzerland, including the release of cumulative currency translation adjustments, as well as a legal accrual related to disputed work performed by our European and Asia-Pacific operations. (3) Cash charges consist of charges incurred during the period that will be settled in cash, either during the current period or future periods. The following tables summarize the 2014 Restructuring activity during 2015 and 2014 (in thousands): Reserves at December 31, 2014 2015 Charge to Income Foreign Currency Translation Utilized in 2015 Cash(1) Non-Cash Reserves at December 31, 2015 Severance and benefit related costs $ 466 $ Lease termination expenses Allowances for doubtful accounts Other asset write-offs Other restructuring costs — 11,464 — 2,496 $ 801 167 1,186 1,880 6,946 (7) $ (2) (401) — (87) 1,260 $ — $ 165 — — 4,828 — 5,644 1,880 3,559 — — 6,605 — 968 Total pre-tax restructuring charges $ 14,426 $ 10,980 $ (497) $ 6,253 $ 11,083 $ 7,573 __________________________ (1) Refers to cash utilized to settle charges, either those reserved at December 31, 2014 or charged to income during 2015. Severance and benefit related costs Allowances for doubtful accounts Inventory obsolescence Fixed asset impairment Definite-lived intangible asset impairment Other asset write-offs Other restructuring costs 2014 Charge to Income Utilized in 2014 Cash(1) Non-Cash Reserves at December 31, 2014 $ 687 $ 221 $ — $ 11,947 2,746 11,871 10,896 5,013 6,358 — — — — — 3,862 483 2,746 11,871 10,896 5,013 — 466 11,464 — — — — 2,496 Total pre-tax restructuring charges $ 49,518 $ 4,083 $ 31,009 $ 14,426 __________________________ (1) Refers to cash utilized to settle charges that were charged to income during 2014. 87 4. SUPPLEMENTAL BALANCE SHEET INFORMATION Allowance for Doubtful Accounts Activity in the allowance for doubtful accounts is summarized as follows (in thousands): Balance, at beginning of year Bad debt expense (1)(2) Write-offs and adjustments (1)(2) Balance, at end of year (3) __________________________ Years Ended December 31, 2014 2013 2015 $ $ 19,307 6,369 (11,152) 14,524 $ $ 3,441 21,911 (6,045) 19,307 $ $ 2,953 1,043 (555) 3,441 (1) The Company recorded bad debt expense of $1.2 million and $11.9 million in 2015 and 2014, respectively, as part of the 2014 Restructuring (see Note 3) and was primarily due to the exiting of certain low-return businesses mainly in foreign locations. (2) The Company recorded bad debt expense of $2.9 million in 2015 related to long-dated receivables within the Corrosion Protection segment. (3) December 31, 2015 and 2014 balances include $7.5 million related to long-dated receivables, some of which were in litigation or dispute, within the Infrastructure Solutions segment. Costs and Estimated Earnings on Uncompleted Contracts Costs and estimated earnings on uncompleted contracts consisted of the following (in thousands): Costs incurred on uncompleted contracts Estimated earnings to date Subtotal Less – billings to date Total Included in the accompanying balance sheets: Costs and estimated earnings in excess of billings Billings in excess of costs and estimated earnings Total December 31, 2015 2014 818,008 159,321 977,329 (975,663) 1,666 89,141 (87,475) 1,666 $ $ $ 795,139 158,982 954,121 (903,098) 51,023 94,045 (43,022) 51,023 $ $ $ Costs and estimated earnings in excess of billings represent work performed that could not be billed either due to contract stipulations or the required contractual documentation has not been finalized. Substantially all unbilled amounts are expected to be billed and collected within one year. Inventories Inventories are summarized as follows (in thousands): Raw materials and supplies Work-in-process Finished products Construction materials Total December 31, 2015 2014 $ $ 23,467 3,612 6,789 13,911 47,779 $ $ 22,807 13,179 9,692 13,514 59,192 88 Property, Plant and Equipment Property, plant and equipment consisted of the following (in thousands): Land and land improvements Buildings and improvements Machinery and equipment Furniture and fixtures Autos and trucks Construction in progress Subtotal Less – Accumulated depreciation Total Estimated Useful Lives (Years) $ 5 — 40 4 — 10 3 — 10 3 — 10 December 31, 2015 2014 $ 10,348 55,981 173,898 30,048 50,200 11,661 332,136 12,021 62,548 185,003 27,115 51,635 15,400 353,722 (187,303) 144,833 $ (185,509) 168,213 $ Depreciation expense was $30.6 million, $30.2 million and $28.0 million for the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013, respectively. Accrued Expenses Accrued expenses consisted of the following (in thousands): Vendor and other accrued expenses Estimated casualty and healthcare liabilities Job costs Accrued compensation Income tax payable and deferred income taxes Total 5. ASSETS HELD FOR SALE December 31, 2015 2014 $ $ 56,570 15,255 12,403 22,184 6,539 112,951 $ $ 49,499 17,780 13,718 21,033 9,587 111,617 On December 31, 2015, the Company entered into a definitive agreement to sell its 51% interest in BPPC, a pipe coatings company in Western Canada, to its joint venture partner MFRI, Inc. The transaction closed effective February 1, 2016. BPPC was classified as held-for-sale at December 31, 2015. As a result of the sale, the Company recognized a pre-tax, non-cash charge of approximately $0.6 million at December 31, 2015 to reflect the expected loss on the sale of the business. This loss was derived primarily from the release of cumulative currency translation adjustments and was recorded to other income (expense) in the Consolidated Statement of Operations. See Note 16 for further discussion of this sale. 89 The following table provides the components of assets and liabilities held for sale (in thousands): Assets held for sale: Total current assets Property, plant & equipment, less accumulated depreciation Total assets held for sale Liabilities held for sale: Total current liabilities Debt Deferred income tax liabilities Other liabilities Total liabilities held for sale Non-controlling interests 6. GOODWILL AND INTANGIBLE ASSETS Goodwill December 31, 2015 $ $ $ $ $ 8,559 12,501 21,060 944 1,924 1,473 2,620 6,961 7,142 The following table presents a reconciliation of the beginning and ending balances of the Company’s goodwill at January 1, 2015 and December 31, 2015 (in millions): Balance, January 1, 2015 Goodwill, gross Accumulated impairment losses Goodwill, net Acquisitions (1) Impairments (2) Foreign currency translation Balance, December 31, 2015 Goodwill, gross Accumulated impairment losses Goodwill, net __________________________ Infrastructure Solutions Corrosion Protection Energy Services Total $ $ $ 193,344 (16,069) 177,275 — — (2,819) 74,943 (35,443) 39,500 — (9,957) (1,598) $ 76,248 $ — 76,248 3,998 (33,527) — 344,535 (51,512) 293,023 3,998 (43,484) (4,417) 190,525 (16,069) 174,456 $ 73,345 (45,400) 27,945 $ 80,246 (33,527) 46,719 $ 344,116 (94,996) 249,120 (1) During the first and second quarters of 2015, the Company recorded goodwill of $3.6 million and $0.4 million, respectively, related to the acquisition of Schultz (see Note 1). (2) During the fourth quarter of 2015, the Company recorded a goodwill impairment to its CRTS reporting unit of $10.0 million, which is included in the Corrosion Protection reportable segment, and a goodwill impairment to its Energy Services reporting unit of $33.5 million (see Note 2). 90 Intangible Assets Intangible assets were as follows (in thousands): December 31, 2015 December 31, 2014 Weighted Average Useful Lives (Years) Gross Carrying Amount Accumulated Amortization Net Carrying Amount Gross Carrying Amount Accumulated Amortization Net Carrying Amount License agreements Backlog (1) Leases Trademarks (2) Non-competes (2) Customer relationships (2) Patents and acquired technology 4.3 0.0 11.4 15.0 2.4 12.8 14.0 __________________________ $ 3,893 $ (3,275) $ 618 $ 3,908 $ (3,131) $ — (764) (6,262) (945) — 1,301 16,257 265 4,731 2,067 21,722 1,140 (4,731) (623) (5,199) (839) 777 — 1,444 16,523 301 (41,967) 122,812 163,386 (32,196) 131,190 (22,395) 32,865 54,090 (22,052) 32,038 $ 249,726 $ (75,608) $ 174,118 $ 251,044 $ (68,771) $ 182,273 — 2,065 22,519 1,210 164,779 55,260 (1) Amounts fully realized at December 31, 2015. (2) During the first quarter of 2015, the Company recorded customer relationships, trademarks and non-competes of $2.3 million, $0.7 million and $0.1 million, respectively, related to the acquisition of Schultz (see Note 1). Amortization expense was $13.2 million, $14.1 million and $12.2 million for the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013, respectively. Estimated amortization expense by year is as follows (in thousands): Year 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 $ Amount 13,244 13,255 13,079 12,936 12,897 7. LONG-TERM DEBT AND CREDIT FACILITY Long-term debt, term note and notes payable consisted of the following (in thousands): Term note, current annualized rate 2.61% due October 30, 2020 Term note, current annualized rate 2.17% due July 1, 2018 Line of credit, 2.16% in 2014 Other notes with interest rates from 3.3% to 6.5% Subtotal Less – Current maturities and notes payable Total December 31, 2015 345,625 — — 9,797 355,422 17,648 337,774 $ $ 2014 — 319,375 45,500 12,600 377,475 26,399 351,076 $ $ Principal payments required to be made for each of the next five years are summarized as follows (in thousands): Year 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 Total Amount 17,648 27,976 27,610 28,438 253,750 355,422 $ $ 91 Financing Arrangements On October 30, 2015, the Company entered into an amended and restated $650.0 million senior secured credit facility (the “New Credit Facility”) with a syndicate of banks. Bank of America, N.A. served as the sole administrative agent and JP Morgan Chase Bank, N.A. and U.S. Bank National Association acted as co-syndication agents. Merrill Lynch Pierce Fenner & Smith Incorporated, JPMorgan Securities LLC and U.S. Bank National Association acted as joint lead arrangers and joint book managers in the syndication of the New Credit Facility. The New Credit Facility consists of a $300.0 million five-year revolving line of credit and a $350.0 million five-year term loan facility. The Company drew the entire term loan from the New Credit Facility on October 30, 2015 to (i) retire $344.7 million in indebtedness outstanding under the Company’s prior credit facility; (ii) fund expenses associated with the New Credit Facility; and (iii) fund general corporate purposes. This New Credit Facility replaced the Company’s $650.0 million credit facility entered into on July 1, 2013. The Company paid expenses of $4.4 million associated with the New Credit Facility, $1.8 million related to up-front lending fees and $2.6 million related to third-party arranging fees, the latter of which was recorded in interest expense on the consolidated statement of operations. In addition, the Company had $3.5 million in unamortized loan costs associated with the prior credit facility, of which $0.8 million was recorded in interest expense on the consolidated statement of operations. Generally, interest will be charged on the principal amounts outstanding under the New Credit Facility at the British Bankers Association LIBOR rate plus an applicable rate ranging from 1.25% to 2.25% depending on the Company’s consolidated leverage ratio. The Company can also opt for an interest rate equal to a base rate (as defined in the credit documents) plus an applicable rate, which is also based on the Company’s consolidated leverage ratio. The applicable one month LIBOR borrowing rate (LIBOR plus Company’s applicable rate) as of December 31, 2015 was approximately 2.93%. The Company’s indebtedness at December 31, 2015 consisted of $345.6 million outstanding from the $350.0 million term loan under the New Credit Facility and zero on the line of credit under the New Credit Facility. Additionally, the Company designated $9.6 million of debt held by its joint venture partners (representing funds loaned by its joint venture partners) as third-party debt in the consolidated financial statements and held $0.1 million of third-party notes and bank debt at December 31, 2015. Further, the Company has $1.9 million in debt listed as held for sale at December 31, 2015 relating to the sale of BPPC (see Notes 5 and 16). As of December 31, 2015, the Company had $36.7 million in letters of credit issued and outstanding under the New Credit Facility. Of such amount, $16.6 million was collateral for the benefit of certain of our insurance carriers and $20.1 million was for letters of credit or bank guarantees of performance or payment obligations of foreign subsidiaries. The Company’s indebtedness at December 31, 2014 consisted of $319.4 million outstanding from the term loan under the Credit Facility and $45.5 million on the line of credit under the Credit Facility. Additionally, the Company designated $12.4 million of debt held by its joint ventures (representing funds loaned by its joint venture partners) as third-party debt in the consolidated financial statements and held $0.1 million of third-party notes and bank debt at December 31, 2014. At December 31, 2015 and 2014, the estimated fair value of the Company’s long-term debt was approximately $349.1 million and $377.0 million, respectively. Fair value was estimated using market rates for debt of similar risk and maturity and a discounted cash flow model, which are based on Level 3 inputs as defined in Note 12. On October 30, 2015, the Company entered into an interest rate swap agreement for a notional amount of $262.5 million, which is set to expire in October 2020. The notional amount of this swap mirrors the amortization of a $262.5 million portion of the Company’s $350.0 million term loan drawn from the New Credit Facility. The swap requires the Company to make a monthly fixed rate payment of 1.46% calculated on the amortizing $262.5 million notional amount, and provides for the Company to receive a payment based upon a variable monthly LIBOR interest rate calculated on the amortizing $262.5 million notional amount. The annualized borrowing rate of the swap at December 31, 2015 was 3.03%. The receipt of the monthly LIBOR-based payment offsets a variable monthly LIBOR-based interest cost on a corresponding $262.5 million portion of the Company’s term loan from the New Credit Facility. This interest rate swap is used to partially hedge the interest rate risk associated with the volatility of monthly LIBOR rate movement and is accounted for as a cash flow hedge. The New Credit Facility is subject to certain financial covenants, including a consolidated financial leverage ratio and consolidated fixed charge coverage ratio. Subject to the specifically defined terms and methods of calculation as set forth in the New Credit Facility’s credit agreement, the financial covenant requirements, as of each quarterly reporting period end, are defined as follows: • Consolidated financial leverage ratio compares consolidated funded indebtedness to New Credit Facility defined income. The initial maximum amount was not to initially exceed 3.75 to 1.00 and will decrease periodically at scheduled reporting periods to not more that 3.50 to 1.00 beginning with the quarter ending March 31, 2017. At 92 December 31, 2015, the Company’s consolidated financial leverage ratio was 2.87 to 1.00 and, using the Credit Facility defined income, the Company had the capacity to borrow up to $110.3 million of additional debt. • Consolidated fixed charge coverage ratio compares New Credit Facility defined income to New Credit Facility defined fixed charges with a minimum permitted ratio of not less than 1.25 to 1.00. At December 31, 2015, the Company’s fixed charge ratio was 1.70 to 1.00. At December 31, 2015, the Company was in compliance with all of its debt and financial covenants as required under the Credit Facility. 8. STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY In February 2015, the Company’s board of directors authorized the open market repurchase of up to $20.0 million of the Company’s common stock during 2015. This amount represented the then maximum open market repurchases authorized in any calendar year under the terms of the Company’s previous credit facility. In November 2015, and in connection with the terms of the New Credit Facility, the Company’s Board of Directors authorized the repurchase of up to an additional $20.0 million of the Company’s common stock to be made during 2015 and 2016. The Company has authorization under the New Credit Facility to repurchase up to an additional $40.0 million of the Company’s common stock during 2016 following expiration of the November 2015 program. Once a repurchase is complete, the Company promptly retires the shares. The Company is also authorized to utilize up to $10.0 million in cash to purchase shares of the Company’s common stock in each calendar year in connection with the Company’s equity compensation programs for employees. The participants in the Company’s equity plans may surrender shares of common stock in satisfaction of tax obligations arising from the vesting of restricted stock awards under such plans and in connection with the exercise of stock option awards. The deemed price paid is the closing price of the Company’s common stock on the Nasdaq Global Select Market on the date that the restricted stock vests or the shares of the Company’s common stock are surrendered in exchange for stock option exercises. The option holder may elect a “net, net” exercise in connection with the exercise of employee stock options such that the option holder receives a number of shares equal to (1) the built-in gain in the option shares divided by the market price of the Company’s common stock on the date of exercise, less (2) a number of shares equal to the taxes due upon the exercise of the option divided by the market price of the Company’s common stock on the date of exercise. The shares of Company common stock surrendered to the Company for taxes due on the exercise of the option are deemed repurchased by the Company. During 2015, the Company acquired 1,306,199 shares of the Company’s common stock for $24.3 million ($18.58 average price per share) through the open market repurchase programs discussed above and 32,902 shares of the Company’s common stock for $0.6 million ($17.05 average price per share) in connection with the satisfaction of tax obligations in connection with the vesting of restricted stock, the exercise of stock options and distribution of deferred stock units. In addition, during 2015, the Company acquired 163,500 shares of the Company’s common stock in connection with “net, net” exercises of employee stock options for a gross value of $3.0 million ($0.9 million in cash value). Once repurchased, the Company immediately retired all such shares. During 2014, the Company acquired 860,761 shares of the Company’s common stock for $20.0 million ($23.24 average price per share) through open market repurchase programs and 54,334 shares of the Company’s common stock for $1.2 million ($22.62 average price per share) in connection with the satisfaction of tax obligations in connection with the vesting of restricted stock, the exercise of stock options and distribution of deferred stock units. In addition, during 2014, the Company acquired 419,643 shares of the Company’s common stock in connection with “net, net” exercises of employee stock options for a gross value of $9.8 million ($1.4 million in cash value). Once repurchased, the Company immediately retired all such shares. Equity-Based Compensation Plans Employee Plans In 2013, the Company’s stockholders approved the 2013 Employee Equity Incentive Plan (the “2013 Employee Plan”), which provides for equity-based compensation awards, including restricted shares of common stock, performance awards, stock options, stock units and stock appreciation rights. There are 2,895,000 shares of the Company’s common stock registered for issuance under the 2013 Employee Plan. The 2013 Employee Plan is administered by the Compensation Committee of the Board of Directors, which determines eligibility, timing, pricing, amount and other terms or conditions of awards. At December 31, 2015, there were no options and 1,137,184 unvested shares of restricted stock and restricted stock units outstanding under the 2013 Employee Plan. Prior to the 2013 Employee Plan, the Board of Directors administered the 2009 Employee Equity Incentive Plan (the “2009 Employee Plan”) and the 2006 Employee Equity Incentive Plan (the “2006 Employee Plan”). At December 31, 2015, there were 284,006 options and 138,523 unvested shares of restricted stock and restricted stock units outstanding under the 93 2009 Employee Plan, and 4,377 options and no unvested shares of restricted stock and restricted stock units outstanding under the 2006 Employee Plan. Director Plans In 2011, the Company’s stockholders approved the 2011 Non-Employee Director Equity Plan (“2011 Director Plan”), which provides for equity-based compensation awards, including non-qualified stock options and stock units. There are 250,000 shares of the Company’s common stock registered for issuance under the 2011 Director Plan. The Board of Directors administers the Director Plan and has the authority to establish, amend and rescind any rules and regulations related to the 2011 Director Plan. At December 31, 2015, there were 145,803 deferred stock units outstanding under the 2011 Director Plan. Prior to the 2011 Director Plan, the Board of Directors administered the 2006 Non-Employee Director Equity Plan (“2006 Director Plan”) and the 2001 Non-Employee Director Equity Plan (“2001 Director Plan”), both of which contained substantially the same provisions as the current plan. At December 31, 2015, there were 46,841 deferred stock units outstanding under the 2006 Director Plan and 54,575 deferred stock units outstanding under the 2001 Director Equity Plan. Activity and related expense associated with these plans are described in Note 9. 9. EQUITY-BASED COMPENSATION Stock Awards Stock awards, which include shares of restricted stock, restricted stock units and restricted performance units, are awarded from time to time to executive officers and certain key employees of the Company. Stock award compensation is recorded based on the award date fair value and charged to expense ratably through the requisite service period. The forfeiture of unvested restricted stock, restricted stock units and restricted performance units causes the reversal of all previous expense recorded as a reduction of current period expense. A summary of stock award activity is as follows: 2015 Weighted Average Award Date Fair Value Stock Awards Years Ended December 31, 2014 Weighted Average Award Date Fair Value Stock Awards Outstanding, beginning of period 767,540 $ 21.93 555,025 $ Restricted shares awarded Restricted stock units awarded Restricted shares distributed Restricted stock units distributed Restricted shares forfeited Restricted stock units forfeited Outstanding, end of period — 719,305 (90,607) (12,646) (54,045) (53,840) 1,275,707 $ — 17.32 19.25 19.62 23.40 19.14 19.60 242,722 395,352 (118,828) (15,277) (104,013) (187,441) 767,540 $ 22.79 23.76 21.75 23.55 21.25 23.77 24.48 21.93 2013 Weighted Average Award Date Fair Value Stock Awards 698,869 $ 435,025 112,401 (274,784) (13,761) (236,388) (166,337) 555,025 $ 19.39 24.09 25.11 19.04 18.87 23.10 19.55 22.79 Expense associated with stock awards was $6.8 million, $3.0 million, and $4.1 million in 2015, 2014 and 2013, respectively. Unrecognized pre-tax expense of $11.8 million related to stock awards is expected to be recognized over the weighted average remaining service period of 2.0 years for awards outstanding at December 31, 2015. Deferred Stock Unit Awards Deferred stock units generally are awarded to directors of the Company and represent the Company’s obligation to transfer one share of the Company’s common stock to the grantee at a future date and generally are fully vested on the date of grant. The expense related to the issuance of deferred stock units is recorded as of the date of the award. 94 The following table summarizes information about deferred stock unit activity: 2015 Weighted Average Award Date Fair Value Deferred Stock Units 221,471 $ 53,527 (27,779) 247,219 $ 20.10 18.56 18.76 19.92 Years Ended December 31, 2014 Weighted Average Award Date Fair Value Deferred Stock Units 214,455 $ 38,810 (31,794) 221,471 $ 19.56 22.89 19.70 20.10 2013 Weighted Average Award Date Fair Value Deferred Stock Units 181,518 $ 39,966 (7,029) 214,455 $ 19.06 22.33 22.67 19.56 Outstanding, beginning of period Awarded Shares distributed Outstanding, end of period Expense associated with awards of deferred stock units was $1.0 million, $0.9 million and $0.9 million in 2015, 2014 and 2013, respectively. Stock Options Stock options on the Company’s common stock are awarded from time to time to executive officers and certain key employees of the Company. Stock options granted generally have a term of seven to ten years and an exercise price equal to the market value of the underlying common stock on the date of grant. A summary of stock option activity is as follows: 2015 Weighted Average Exercise Price Shares Years Ended December 31, 2014 Weighted Average Exercise Price Shares 2013 Weighted Average Exercise Price Shares Outstanding at January 1 503,134 $ 18.18 1,208,824 $ Granted Exercised Canceled/Expired Outstanding at December 31 — (209,205) (5,546) 288,383 Exercisable at December 31 284,929 — 13.13 24.21 21.73 38,820 (526,359) (218,151) 503,134 21.78 452,236 $ $ $ $ 18.54 24.21 16.36 25.61 18.18 1,216,809 $ 29,025 (29,511) (7,499) 1,208,824 $ $ 18.46 25.11 20.14 24.58 18.54 17.84 18.12 933,738 In 2015, 2014 and 2013, the Company recorded expense of $0.1 million, $0.6 million and $1.7 million, respectively, related to stock option grants. Unrecognized pre-tax expense related to stock option grants was immaterial at December 31, 2015 and will be fully recognized during 2016. Financial data for stock option exercises are summarized in the following table (in thousands): Years Ended December 31, 2014 2013 2015 Amount collected from stock option exercises Total intrinsic value of stock option exercises Tax benefit of stock option exercises recorded in additional paid-in-capital Aggregate intrinsic value of outstanding stock options Aggregate intrinsic value of exercisable stock options $ 2,748 $ 8,614 $ 1,108 209 173 169 3,771 6 1,231 1,209 738 131 55 5,383 4,695 The intrinsic value calculations are based on the Company’s closing stock price of $19.31, $18.61 and $21.89 on December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013, respectively. At December 31, 2015, 1,023,270 and 70,326 shares of common stock were available for equity-based compensation awards pursuant to the 2013 Employee Plan and the 2011 Director Plan, respectively. The Company uses a binomial option-pricing model for valuation purposes to reflect the features of stock options granted. Volatility, expected term and dividend yield assumptions were based on the Company’s historical experience. The risk-free rate was based on a U.S. treasury note with a maturity similar to the option grant’s expected term. There were no stock options 95 granted during 2015. The fair value of stock options awarded during 2014 and 2013 was estimated at the date of grant based on the assumptions presented in the table below: Grant-date fair value Volatility Expected term (years) Dividend yield Risk-free rate Years Ended December 31, 2014 2013 Range $11.27 41.6% 7.0 —% 2.3% Weighted Average $11.27 41.6% 7.0 —% 2.3% Range $12.92 49.8% 7.0 —% 1.1% Weighted Average $12.92 49.8% 7.0 —% 1.1% 10. TAXES ON INCOME (TAX BENEFITS) Income (loss) from continuing operations before taxes on income (tax benefits) was as follows (in thousands): Domestic Foreign Total Years Ended December 31, 2015 $ $ (15,944) $ 17,159 1,215 $ 2014 (75,112) $ 39,137 (35,975) $ 2013 23,695 35,307 59,002 Provisions (benefits) for taxes on income (loss) from continuing operations consisted of the following components (in thousands): Current: Federal Foreign State Subtotal Deferred: Federal Foreign State Subtotal Years Ended December 31, 2015 2014 2013 $ 2,150 $ 5,600 528 8,278 218 1,382 (673) 927 (2,112) $ 10,586 2,635 11,109 (18,629) 3,034 646 (14,949) (3,840) $ 8,603 6,078 527 15,208 (2,075) (727) (252) (3,054) 12,154 Total tax provision (benefit) $ 9,205 $ 96 Income tax (benefit) expense differed from the amounts computed by applying the U.S. federal income tax rate of 35% to income (loss) before income taxes, equity in income (loss) of joint ventures and minority interests as a result of the following (in thousands): Income taxes (benefit) at U.S. federal statutory tax rate Increase (decrease) in taxes resulting from: Change in the balance of the valuation allowance for deferred tax assets allocated to foreign income tax expense Change in the balance of the valuation allowance for deferred tax assets allocated to state income tax expense State income taxes, net of federal income tax benefit Divestitures Meals and entertainment Changes in taxes previously accrued Foreign tax rate differences Goodwill impairment Recognition of uncertain tax positions Settlement of escrow arrangement Contingent consideration reversal Domestic Production Activities deduction Incremental U.S. taxes on undistributed foreign earnings Other matters Total tax provision (benefit) Effective tax rate Net deferred taxes consisted of the following (in thousands): Years Ended December 31, 2015 $ 425 $ 2014 (12,591) 2013 $ 20,651 (756) 7,785 1,447 4,834 (94) 2,269 761 (489) (1,468) 3,485 24 (1,115) — (528) 2,102 (245) 9,205 $ 5,206 (3,073) — 863 (1,932) (9,215) 9,690 (96) — — (81) — (396) (3,840) $ 115 64 — 1,034 (3,098) (4,892) — (89) — (1,461) (1,548) — (69) 12,154 757.6% 10.7% 20.6% $ Deferred income tax assets: Foreign tax credit carryforwards Net operating loss carryforwards Accrued expenses Other Total gross deferred income tax assets Less valuation allowance Net deferred income tax assets Deferred income tax liabilities: Property, plant and equipment Intangible assets Undistributed foreign earnings Other Total deferred income tax liabilities Net deferred income tax liabilities 97 December 31, 2015 2014 $ 358 $ 14,688 24,449 8,285 47,780 (18,897) 28,883 (11,438) (14,525) (9,153) (8,248) (43,364) (14,481) $ $ 1,477 19,355 21,378 7,207 49,417 (19,353) 30,064 (7,499) (22,653) (7,051) (6,859) (44,062) (13,998) The Company’s tax assets and liabilities, netted by taxing location, are in the following captions in the balance sheets (in thousands): Current deferred income tax assets, net Current deferred income tax liabilities, net (1) Noncurrent deferred income tax assets, net Noncurrent deferred income tax liabilities, net Net deferred income tax liabilities __________________________ December 31, 2015 2014 $ $ $ 7,804 (5,029) 2,130 (19,386) (14,481) $ 9,516 (3,935) 3,334 (22,913) (13,998) (1) The December 31, 2015 balance includes $1.5 million of deferred income tax liabilities related to BPPC, which are classified as held for sale. See Note 5. The Company’s deferred tax assets at December 31, 2015 included $14.7 million in federal, state and foreign net operating loss (“NOL”) carryforwards. These NOLs include $8.1 million, which if not used will expire between the years 2016 and 2035, and $6.6 million that have no expiration dates. The Company also has deferred tax amounts related to foreign tax credit carryforwards of $0.4 million, all of which have no expiration date. For financial reporting purposes, a valuation allowance of $18.9 million has been recognized to reduce the deferred tax assets related to certain federal, state and foreign net operating loss carryforwards and other assets, for which it is more likely than not that the related tax benefits will not be realized, due to uncertainties as to the timing and amounts of future taxable income. The valuation allowance at December 31, 2014 was $19.4 million. Activity in the valuation allowance is summarized as follows (in thousands): Balance, at beginning of year Additions Reversals Other adjustments Balance, at end of year Years Ended December 31, 2014 2013 2015 $ 19,353 $ 7,797 $ 7,783 (5,294) (2,945) 18,897 $ 14,442 (2,090) (796) 19,353 $ $ 6,574 1,754 (131) (400) 7,797 The Company has recorded income tax expense at U.S. tax rates on all profits, except for undistributed profits of non-U.S. subsidiaries of approximately $229.4 million, which are considered indefinitely reinvested. Determination of the amount of unrecognized deferred tax liability related to the indefinitely reinvested profits is not feasible. A deferred tax asset is recognized only if the Company has definite plans to generate a U.S. tax benefit by repatriating earnings in the foreseeable future. As part of the February 2016 acquisition of Underground Solutions, the Company repatriated approximately $30.4 million from foreign subsidiaries to assist in funding the transaction, incurring approximately $3.5 million in additional taxes, which were accrued as of December 31, 2015. These were viewed as one-time, special-use transactions. With few exceptions, U.S. income taxes, net of applicable foreign tax credits, have not been provided on undistributed earnings of international subsidiaries. It is the Company’s intention to permanently reinvest these earnings. FASB ASC 740, Income Taxes (“FASB ASC 740”), prescribes a more-likely-than-not threshold for the financial statement recognition and measurement of a tax position taken or expected to be taken in a tax return. FASC ASC 740 also provides guidance on de-recognition, classification, interest and penalties, accounting in interim periods and disclosure of uncertain tax positions in financial statements. A reconciliation of the beginning and ending balance of unrecognized tax benefits is as follows (in thousands): Balance at January 1, Additions for tax positions of prior years Lapse in statute of limitations Foreign currency translation Balance at December 31, total tax provision 98 Years Ended December 31, 2014 2013 2015 $ $ 2,672 $ 2,936 $ 10 (218) (54) 2,410 $ 36 (252) (48) 2,672 $ 3,170 30 (236) (28) 2,936 The total amount of unrecognized tax benefits, if recognized, that would affect the effective tax rate was $0.5 million at December 31, 2015. The Company recognizes interest and penalties, if any, related to unrecognized tax benefits in income tax expense. During the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013, approximately $0.3 million was accrued for interest in all periods. The Company believes that it is reasonably possible that the total amount of unrecognized tax benefits will change in 2016. The Company has certain tax return years subject to statutes of limitation that will expire within twelve months. Unless challenged by tax authorities, the expiration of those statutes of limitation is expected to result in the recognition of uncertain tax positions in the amount of approximately $0.2 million. The Company is subject to taxation in the United States, various states and foreign jurisdictions. With few exceptions, the Company is no longer subject to U.S. federal, state, local or foreign examinations by tax authorities for years before 2010. 11. COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES Leases The Company leases a number of its administrative and operations facilities under non-cancellable operating leases expiring at various dates through 2025. In addition, the Company leases certain construction, automotive and computer equipment on a multi-year, monthly or daily basis. Rental expense in the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013 was $24.9 million, $24.1 million and $19.5 million, respectively. At December 31, 2015, the future minimum lease payments required under the non-cancellable operating leases were as follows (in thousands): Year 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 Thereafter Total Minimum Lease Payments $ $ 21,454 17,423 13,569 9,859 5,828 10,880 79,013 Litigation The Company is involved in certain litigation incidental to the conduct of its business and affairs. Management, after consultation with legal counsel, does not believe that the outcome of any such litigation, individually or in the aggregate, will have a material adverse effect on the Company’s consolidated financial condition, results of operations or cash flows. Contingencies In February 2016, the Company entered into a conditional agreement to settle an outstanding dispute with a project client in the Infrastructure Solutions platform. As a result of the conditional settlement, the Company recorded a $2.7 million accrual as of December 31, 2015 in accordance with FASB ASC Subtopic No. 450-20, Contingencies - Loss Contingencies (“FASB ASC 450-20”). In connection with the Brinderson acquisition, certain pre-acquisition matters were identified during 2014 where a loss is both probable and reasonably estimable. The Company identified the range of possible loss from zero to $24 million. The Company establishes liabilities in accordance with FASB ASC 450-20 and, accordingly, recorded a $14.5 million reserve for such matters in the second quarter of 2014 as part of its purchase price accounting for Brinderson (see Note 1). The $14.5 million pre-acquisition reserve related to various legal, tax, employee benefit and employment matters. During 2015, the Company made payments totaling $1.7 million related to the above matters, $1.5 million of which was a settlement of certain employee benefit matters. As a result of the settlement, the Company reversed its remaining accrual of $0.5 million related to the matter. Also during 2015, and in conjunction with internal and third-party legal counsel, the Company reassessed its reserve related to certain employment matters and lowered its accrual for such matters by $1.5 million. In addition, the Company closed certain other outstanding matters during 2015, lowering its accrual by an additional $0.3 million. Each of the accrual adjustments resulted in an offset to “Operating expense” in the Consolidated Statement of Operations. 99 The reserve of $10.5 million as of December 31, 2015 represented the Company’s reasonable estimate of probable loss related to the remaining Brinderson pre-acquisition matters discussed above. The Company believes it has meritorious defenses against certain of these remaining matters. Purchase Commitments The Company had no material purchase commitments at December 31, 2015. Guarantees The Company has many contracts that require the Company to indemnify the other party against loss from claims, including claims of patent or trademark infringement or other third party claims for injuries, damages or losses. The Company has agreed to indemnify its surety against losses from third-party claims of subcontractors. The Company has not previously experienced material losses under these provisions and, while there can be no assurances, currently does not anticipate any future material adverse impact on its consolidated financial position, results of operations or cash flows. The Company regularly reviews its exposure under all its engagements, including performance guarantees by contractual joint ventures and indemnification of its surety. As a result of the most recent review, the Company has determined that the risk of material loss is remote under these arrangements and has not recorded a liability for these risks at December 31, 2015 on its consolidated balance sheet. Retirement Plans Substantially all of the Company’s U.S. employees are eligible to participate in one of the Company’s sponsored defined contribution savings plans, which are qualified plans under the requirements of Section 401(k) of the Internal Revenue Code. Company contributions to the domestic plans were $5.5 million, $5.3 million and $4.5 million for the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013, respectively. Certain foreign subsidiaries maintain various other defined contribution retirement plans. Company contributions to such plans for the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013 were $0.8 million, $1.2 million and $1.2 million respectively. In connection with the Company’s 2009 acquisition of Corrpro, the Company assumed an obligation associated with a contributory defined benefit pension plan sponsored by a subsidiary of Corrpro located in the United Kingdom. Employees of this Corrpro subsidiary no longer accrue benefits under the plan; however, Corrpro continues to be obligated to fund prior period benefits. Corrpro funds the plan in accordance with recommendations from an independent actuary and made contributions of $0.1 million and $0.2 million in 2015 and 2014, respectively. Both the pension expense and funding requirements for the years ended December 31, 2015 and 2014 were immaterial to the Company’s consolidated financial position and results of operations. The benefit obligation and plan assets at December 31, 2015 approximated $7.9 million and $9.4 million, respectively. The Company used a discount rate of 3.7% for the evaluation of the pension liability. The Company has recorded an asset associated with the overfunded status of this plan of approximately $1.5 million, which is included in other long-term assets on the consolidated balance sheet. The benefit obligation and plan assets at December 31, 2014 approximated $8.6 million and $10.1 million, respectively. Plan assets consist of investments in equity and debt securities as well as cash, which are primarily Level 2 investments under the fair value hierarchy of U.S. GAAP. 12. DERIVATIVE FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS As a matter of policy, the Company uses derivatives for risk management purposes, and does not use derivatives for speculative purposes. From time to time, the Company may enter into foreign currency forward contracts to hedge foreign currency cash flow transactions. For cash flow hedges, gain or loss is recorded in the consolidated statements of operations upon settlement of the hedge. All of the Company’s hedges that are designated as hedges for accounting purposes were highly effective; therefore, no notable amounts of hedge ineffectiveness were recorded in the Company’s consolidated statements of operations for the outstanding hedged balance. During each of the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013, the Company recorded less than $0.1 million as a gain on the consolidated statements of operations in the other income (expense) line item upon settlement of the cash flow hedges. At December 31, 2015, the Company recorded a net deferred gain of less than $0.1 million related to the cash flow hedges in other current assets and other comprehensive income on the consolidated balance sheets and on the foreign currency translation adjustment and derivative transactions line of the consolidated statements of equity. The Company presents derivative instruments in the consolidated financial statements on a gross basis. The gross and net difference of derivative instruments are considered to be immaterial to the financial position presented in the financial statements. 100 The Company engages in regular inter-company trade activities with, and receives royalty payments from its wholly- owned Canadian entities, paid in Canadian Dollars, rather than the Company’s functional currency, U.S. Dollars. In order to reduce the uncertainty of the U.S. Dollar settlement amount of that anticipated future payment from the Canadian entities, the Company uses forward contracts to sell a portion of the anticipated Canadian Dollars to be received at the future date and buys U.S. Dollars. On October 30, 2015, the Company entered into an interest rate swap agreement for a notional amount of $262.5 million, which is set to expire in October 2020. The notional amount of this swap mirrors the amortization of a $262.5 million portion of the Company’s $350.0 million term loan drawn from the New Credit Facility. The swap requires the Company to make a monthly fixed rate payment of 1.46% calculated on the amortizing $262.5 million notional amount, and provides for the Company to receive a payment based upon a variable monthly LIBOR interest rate calculated on the amortizing $262.5 million notional amount. The annualized borrowing rate of the swap at closing was 2.93%. The receipt of the monthly LIBOR-based payment offsets a variable monthly LIBOR-based interest cost on a corresponding $262.5 million portion of the Company’s term loan from the New Credit Facility. This interest rate swap is used to partially hedge the interest rate risk associated with the volatility of monthly LIBOR rate movement, and is accounted for as a cash flow hedge. The following table provides a summary of the fair value amounts of our derivative instruments, all of which are Level 2 (as defined below) inputs (in thousands): Designation of Derivatives Balance Sheet Location 2015 2014 December 31, Derivatives Designated as Hedging Instruments: Forward Currency Contracts Prepaid expenses and other current assets Total Assets Forward Currency Contracts Accrued expenses Interest Rate Swaps Other non-current liabilities Total Liabilities Derivatives Not Designated as Hedging Instruments: Forward Currency Contracts Prepaid expenses and other current assets Total Assets Forward Currency Contracts Accrued Expenses Total Derivative Assets Total Derivative Liabilities Total Net Derivative Asset (Liability) $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ 18 18 243 13 256 91 91 $ $ $ $ $ $ — $ 109 $ 256 (147) $ 26 26 — 729 729 62 62 — 88 729 (641) FASB ASC 820, Fair Value Measurements (“FASB ASC 820”), defines fair value, establishes a framework for measuring fair value and expands disclosure requirements about fair value measurements for interim and annual reporting periods. The guidance establishes a three-tier fair value hierarchy, which prioritizes the inputs used in measuring fair value. These tiers include: Level 1 – defined as quoted prices in active markets for identical instruments; Level 2 – defined as inputs other than quoted prices in active markets that are either directly or indirectly observable; and Level 3 – defined as unobservable inputs in which little or no market data exists, therefore requiring an entity to develop its own assumptions. In accordance with FASB ASC 820, the Company determined that the instruments summarized below are derived from significant observable inputs, referred to as Level 2 inputs. 101 The following table represents assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis and the basis for that measurement (in thousands): Assets: Forward Currency Contracts Total Liabilities: Forward Currency Contracts Interest Rate Swap Total Assets: Forward Currency Contracts Total Liabilities: Interest Rate Swap Total Total Fair Value at December 31, 2015 Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1) Significant Observable Inputs (Level 2) Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3) $ $ $ $ 109 109 243 13 256 $ $ $ $ — — $ — $ — — $ 109 109 243 13 256 $ $ $ $ — — — — — Total Fair Value at December 31, 2014 Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1) Significant Observable Inputs (Level 2) Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3) $ $ $ $ 88 88 729 729 $ $ $ $ — $ — $ — $ — $ 88 88 729 729 $ $ $ $ — — — — The following table summarizes the Company’s derivative positions at December 31, 2015: Canadian Dollar/USD USD/EURO USD/British Pound EURO/British Pound Interest Rate Swap Position Sell Sell Sell Sell Notional Amount $ $ £ £ 602,926 300,000 1,900,000 8,000,000 $ 259,218,750 Weighted Average Remaining Maturity In Years 0.0 0.3 0.5 0.5 4.8 Average Exchange Rate 1.38 1.09 1.48 0.74 The Company had no transfers between Level 1, 2 or 3 inputs during 2015. Certain financial instruments are required to be recorded at fair value. Changes in assumptions or estimation methods could affect the fair value estimates; however, the Company does not believe any such changes would have a material impact on our financial condition, results of operations or cash flows. Other financial instruments including cash and cash equivalents and short-term borrowings, including notes payable, are recorded at cost, which approximates fair value, which are based on Level 2 inputs as previously defined. 13. DISCONTINUED OPERATIONS During the second quarter of 2013, the Company’s Board of Directors approved a plan of liquidation for its BWW business in an effort to improve the Company’s overall financial performance and align the operations with its long-term strategic initiatives. BWW provided specialty welding and fabrication services from its facility in New Iberia, Louisiana. 102 BWW ceased bidding new work and substantially completed all ongoing projects during the second quarter of 2013. As a result of the closure of BWW, Aegion recognized a pre-tax, non-cash charge of approximately $3.9 million ($2.4 million after- tax, or $0.06 per diluted share) to reflect the impairment of goodwill and intangible assets. The Company also recognized additional non-cash impairment charges for equipment and other assets of approximately $1.1 million on a pre-tax basis ($0.7 million on an after-tax basis, or $0.02 per diluted share), which also was recorded in the second quarter of 2013. The Company also incurred cash charges to exit the business of approximately $0.1 million on a pre-tax and post-tax basis, which included property, equipment and vehicle lease termination and buyout costs, employee termination benefits and retention incentives, among other ancillary shut-down expenses. During the fourth quarter of 2014, the Company completed final liquidation of BWW. Included within the final liquidation was the settlement of outstanding receivables with a single customer associated with a larger fabrication project. The Company also incurred cash charges of $1.4 million related to certain professional fees incurred during dissolution as well as in connection with the settlement discussed above. This resulted in a recorded pre-tax charge of approximately $6.0 million within discontinued operations. The discontinuation of BWW signified a triggering event for the Bayou reporting unit goodwill. The Company updated its analysis of the Bayou reporting unit as of the date of discontinuation. In its previous Bayou reporting unit analysis on October 1, 2012, the Company tested the Bayou reporting unit as a whole, which included the carrying value and future cash flows associated with the BWW business. In the updated analysis associated with this triggering event, the Company removed any carrying value associated with BWW (as it was tested separately) and updated its income projections to reflect the removal of BWW and the current future cash flows of the Bayou reporting unit. Additionally, the Company updated the data points associated with the market approach. In this analysis, it was determined that the Bayou reporting unit did not result in an impairment at the date of discontinuation. Operating results for discontinued operations are summarized as follows (in thousands): Revenues Gross loss Operating expenses Closure charges of welding business Operating loss Other income (expense) Loss before tax benefits Tax benefits Net loss Years Ended December 31, 2015 2014 2013 $ — $ — — — — — — — — — $ (67) (5,941) — (6,008) (74) (6,082) 2,235 (3,847) 9,763 (4,255) 1,973 5,019 (11,247) — (10,731) 4,270 (6,461) 14. SEGMENT AND GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION The Company operates in three distinct markets: energy and mining; water and wastewater; and commercial and structural services. Effective in the fourth quarter of 2014, the Company realigned its existing three operating segments, which are also its reportable segments: Infrastructure Solutions; Corrosion Protection; and Energy Services. The Company’s operating segments correspond to its management organizational structure. Each new operating segment has a president who reports to the chief operating decision manager (“CODM”). The operating results and financial information reported by each of the new segments are evaluated separately, regularly reviewed and used by the CODM to evaluate segment performance, allocate resources and determine management incentive compensation. The realignment did not change the composition of the Company’s reporting units for goodwill impairment testing purposes. The current and all future SEC filings will reflect these new reportable segments, unless and until such time as there is a subsequent change in the Company’s reportable segments. The following disaggregated financial results have been prepared using a management approach that is consistent with the basis and manner with which management internally disaggregates financial information for the purpose of making internal operating decisions. Financial results for discontinued operations have been removed for all periods presented. The Company evaluates performance based on stand-alone operating income (loss). 103 Financial information by segment was as follows (in thousands): Revenues: Infrastructure Solutions Corrosion Protection Energy Services Total revenues Operating income (loss): Infrastructure Solutions Corrosion Protection Energy Services Total operating income (loss) Total assets: Infrastructure Solutions Corrosion Protection Energy Services Corporate Assets held for sale Discontinued operations Total assets Capital expenditures: Infrastructure Solutions Corrosion Protection Energy Services Corporate Total capital expenditures Depreciation and amortization: Infrastructure Solutions Corrosion Protection Energy Services Corporate Total depreciation and amortization __________________________ 2015 (1) 2014 (2) 2013 (3) $ 556,234 437,921 339,415 $ 1,333,570 $ 567,205 458,409 305,807 $ 1,331,421 $ 529,301 453,886 108,233 $ 1,091,420 $ $ 46,867 (1,771) (25,150) 19,946 $ $ (6,194) $ (31,010) 17,392 (19,812) $ 28,487 37,253 1,142 66,882 $ 508,817 489,519 183,763 55,148 21,060 — $ 1,258,307 $ 485,785 506,659 197,858 105,371 — — $ 1,295,673 $ 514,778 547,280 190,688 116,316 — 8,356 $ 1,377,418 $ $ $ $ 7,657 17,226 2,202 2,369 29,454 14,836 18,834 7,641 2,480 43,791 $ $ $ $ 13,096 12,107 3,720 3,976 32,899 15,726 19,259 7,004 2,323 44,312 $ $ $ $ 8,828 14,399 968 1,890 26,085 16,552 18,736 3,218 1,823 40,329 (1) Results include: (i) $43.5 million of goodwill impairment charges (see Note 2); (ii) $1.0 million of restructuring charges (see Note 3); and (iii) $1.9 million of costs incurred related to the acquisitions of Underground Solutions, Schultz and other acquisition targets. The Company recorded these charges under “Goodwill impairment”, “Restructuring charges” and “Acquisition-related expenses”, respectively, on its Consolidated Statements of Operations. (2) Results include: (i) $51.5 million of goodwill impairment charges (see Note 2); (ii) $12.1 million of definite-lived intangible asset impairment charges (see Note 2); (iii) $0.7 million of restructuring charges (see Note 3); and (iv) $1.4 million of costs incurred related to the acquisitions of Brinderson, Fyfe Asia and other acquisition targets. The Company recorded these charges under “Goodwill impairment”, “Definite-lived intangible asset impairment”, “Restructuring charges” and “Acquisition-related expenses”, respectively, on its Consolidated Statements of Operations. (3) Results include $5.8 million of costs incurred related to the acquisition of Brinderson and other acquisition targets. The Company recorded these costs under “Acquisition-related expenses” on its Consolidated Statements of Operations. 104 The following table summarizes revenues, gross profit and operating income (loss) by geographic region (in thousands): Revenues: (1) United States Canada Europe Other foreign Total revenues Operating income (loss): United States Canada Europe Other foreign Total operating income Long-lived assets: (1)(2) United States Canada Europe Other foreign Total long-lived assets __________________________ 2015 2014 2013 $ 965,957 174,827 56,474 136,312 $ 1,333,570 $ 926,834 202,806 85,614 116,167 $ 1,331,421 $ 672,192 179,236 90,646 149,346 $ 1,091,420 $ $ $ $ (18,959) $ 27,126 3,217 8,562 19,946 $ (45,945) $ 36,883 1,862 (12,612) (19,812) $ 24,977 28,955 6,276 6,674 66,882 128,414 9,872 7,268 9,189 154,743 $ $ 135,898 25,610 8,984 8,429 178,921 $ $ 154,367 28,539 10,007 12,806 205,719 (1) Revenues and long-lived assets are attributed to the country of origin for the Company’s legal entities. For a significant majority of its legal entities, the country of origin relates to the country or geographic area that it services. (2) Long-lived assets as of December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013 do not include intangible assets, goodwill or deferred tax assets. 15. SELECTED QUARTERLY FINANCIAL DATA (UNAUDITED) Unaudited quarterly financial data was as follows (in thousands, except per share data): Year ended December 31, 2015: Revenues Gross profit Operating income (loss) Net income (loss) Basic earnings per share: Net income (loss) Diluted earnings per share Net income (loss) ____________________ First Quarter(1) Second Quarter(2) Third Quarter(3) Fourth Quarter(4) $ 309,166 59,190 9,125 1,372 $ 337,096 72,053 14,523 8,848 $ 356,595 77,121 24,938 15,223 330,713 67,423 (28,640) (33,433) 0.04 $ 0.24 $ 0.41 $ (0.91) 0.04 $ 0.24 $ 0.40 $ (0.91) $ $ $ (1) Includes expenses of $3.5 million related to our 2014 Restructuring (see Note 3). (2) Includes expenses of $5.7 million related to our 2014 Restructuring (see Note 3). (3) Includes expenses of $1.5 million related to our 2014 Restructuring (see Note 3). (4) Includes expenses of $0.3 million related to our 2014 Restructuring and $43.5 million related to certain goodwill impairments (see Notes 2, 3 and 6). 105 Year ended December 31, 2014: Revenues Gross profit Operating income Income from continuing operations Loss from discontinued operations Net income Basic earnings per share: Income from continuing operations Loss from discontinued operations Net income Diluted earnings per share Income from continuing operations Loss from discontinued operations Net income ____________________ First Quarter Second Quarter Third Quarter(1) Fourth Quarter(2) $ $ $ $ $ 306,234 61,063 9,134 4,560 (132) 4,428 0.12 — 0.12 0.12 — 0.12 $ $ $ $ $ 322,868 71,918 20,619 12,776 (364) 12,412 0.34 (0.01) 0.33 0.34 (0.01) 0.33 $ $ $ $ $ $ 350,138 63,939 (13,934) (16,101) (130) (16,231) 352,181 83,063 (35,631) (32,800) (3,221) (36,021) (0.45) $ — (0.45) $ (0.45) $ — (0.45) $ (0.90) (0.09) (0.99) (0.90) (0.09) (0.99) (1) Includes expenses of $40.0 million related to our 2014 Restructuring (see Note 3). (2) Includes expenses of $9.5 million related to our 2014 Restructuring and $52.7 million related to certain goodwill and definite-lived intangible asset impairments (see Notes 2, 3 and 6). 16. SUBSEQUENT EVENTS (UNAUDITED) Acquisition of Underground Solutions On February 18, 2016, the Company acquired Underground Solutions for a purchase price of $85 million plus an additional $5.3 million for the discounted value of the estimated tax benefits associated with Underground Solutions’ net operating loss carry forwards, and is subject to post-closing working capital adjustments and post-closing adjustments to the value of the net operating loss tax assets. The purchase price included $6.3 million held in escrow as security for the post- closing purchase price adjustments and post-closing indemnification obligations of Underground Solution’s previous owners. The transaction was funded partially from cash reserves and partially from borrowings under the Company’s revolving credit facility. To supplement the cash reserves, the Company repatriated approximately $30.4 million from foreign subsidiaries to assist in funding the transaction, incurring approximately $3.5 million in additional taxes, a reserve for which is included in the Company’s tax provision amounts for 2015. Underground Solutions provides infrastructure technologies for water, sewer and conduit applications and is part of the Company’s Infrastructure Solutions reportable segment. Given the timing of the acquisition, it was impracticable for the Company to complete a preliminary purchase price allocation. Sale of Bayou Perma-Pipe Canada, Ltd. On February 1, 2016, we sold our fifty-one percent (51%) interest in our Canadian coating joint venture, BPPC to our joint venture partner, Perma-Pipe for a sale price of US $9.6 million. Perma-Pipe owned the remaining forty-nine percent (49%) interest in BPPC and is owned by MFRI, Inc., an unaffiliated U.S. company. BPPC served as our pipe coating and insulation operation in Canada and was part of our Corrosion Protection reportable segment. The sale of its interest in BPPC was part of a broader effort by the Company to reduce its exposure in the North American upstream market in light of expectations for a prolonged low oil price environment. As a result of the sale, the Company recognized a pre-tax, non-cash charge of approximately $0.6 million at December 31, 2015 to reflect the expected loss on the sale of the business. This loss was derived primarily from the release of cumulative currency translation adjustments and was recorded to other income (expense) in the Consolidated Statement of Operations. 2016 Restructuring On January 4, 2016, the Company’s board of directors approved the 2016 Restructuring to reduce its exposure to the upstream oil markets and to reduce consolidated annual expenses. As part of management’s ongoing assessment of its energy- related businesses, the Company determined that the persistent low price of oil is expected to create market challenges for the 106 foreseeable future, including reduced customer spending in 2016. The 2016 Restructuring is expected to reposition Energy Services’ upstream operations in California, reduce Corrosion Protection’s upstream exposure by divesting its interest in a Canadian pipe coating joint venture, right-size Corrosion Protection to compete more effectively and reduce corporate and other operating costs. The 2016 Restructuring is expected to reduce annual operating costs by approximately $15.0 million, most of which is expected to be realized in 2016, primarily through headcount reductions and office closures. As part of the 2016 Restructuring, the Company expects to reduce headcount by approximately 652 employees, or 10.5% of the Company’s total workforce, and record estimated pre-tax charges, most of which are cash charges, between $7.0 million to $9.0 million. The 2016 Restructuring charges are expected to consist primarily of employee severance, extension of benefits, employment assistance programs, early lease termination and other non-cash costs. Item 9. Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure. None. Item 9A. Controls and Procedures. Our management, under the supervision and with the participation of our Chief Executive Officer (our principal executive officer) and Chief Financial Officer (our principal financial officer), has conducted an evaluation of the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), as of December 31, 2015. Based upon and as of the date of this evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer have concluded that our disclosure controls were effective to provide reasonable assurance that the information required to be disclosed by us in the reports that we file or submit under the Exchange Act (a) is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time period specified in the Securities and Exchange Commission’s rules and forms and (b) is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our principal executive and principal financial officers, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. Management’s report is included in Item 8 of this report under the caption entitled “Management’s Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting,” and is incorporated herein by reference. The effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2015 has been audited by PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, an independent registered public accounting firm, as stated in its report which is included in Item 8 of this report under the caption entitled “Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm” and is incorporated herein by reference. Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting There were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the quarter ended December 31, 2015 that materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting. Item 9B. Other Information. Not applicable. 107 PART III Item 10. Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance. Information concerning this item is included in “Item 4A. Executive Officers of the Registrant” of this report and under the captions “Certain Information Concerning Director Nominees,” “Section 16(a) Beneficial Ownership Reporting Compliance,” “Corporate Governance—Corporate Governance Documents,” “Corporate Governance—Board Meetings and Committees— Audit Committee” and “Corporate Governance—Board Meetings and Committees—Audit Committee Financial Expert” in our Proxy Statement for our 2016 Annual Meeting of Stockholders (“2016 Proxy Statement”) and is incorporated herein by reference. Item 11. Executive Compensation. Information concerning this item is included under the captions “Executive Compensation,” “Compensation in Last Fiscal Year,” “Director Compensation,” “Corporate Governance—Board Meetings and Committees—Compensation Committee Interlocks and Insider Participation” and “Compensation Committee Report” in the 2016 Proxy Statement and is incorporated herein by reference. Item 12. Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters. Information concerning this item is included in Item 6 of this report under the caption “Equity Compensation Plan Information” and under the caption “Information Concerning Certain Stockholders” in the 2016 Proxy Statement and is incorporated herein by reference. Item 13. Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence. Information concerning this item is included under the caption “Related-Party Transactions” and under the caption “Corporate Governance—Independent Directors” in the 2016 Proxy Statement and is incorporated herein by reference. Item 14. Principal Accountant Fees and Services. Information concerning this item is included under the caption “Independent Auditors’ Fees” in the 2016 Proxy Statement and is incorporated herein by reference. 108 Item 15. Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules. 1. Financial Statements: PART IV The consolidated financial statements filed in this Annual Report on Form 10-K are listed in the Index to Consolidated Financial Statements included in “Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data,” which information is incorporated herein by reference. 2. Financial Statement Schedules: No financial statement schedules are included herein because of the absence of conditions under which they are required or because the required information is contained in the consolidated financial statements or notes thereto contained in this report. 3. Exhibits: The exhibits required to be filed as part of this Annual Report on Form 10-K are listed in the Index to Exhibits attached hereto. 109 Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized. SIGNATURES Dated: February 29, 2016 AEGION CORPORATION By: /s/ Charles R. Gordon Charles R. Gordon President and Chief Executive Officer POWER OF ATTORNEY The registrant and each person whose signature appears below hereby appoint Charles R. Gordon and David F. Morris as attorneys-in-fact with full power of substitution, severally, to execute in the name and on behalf of the registrant and each such person, individually and in each capacity stated below, one or more amendments to the annual report which amendments may make such changes in the report as the attorney-in-fact acting deems appropriate and to file any such amendment to the report with the Securities and Exchange Commission. Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the registrant and in the capacities and on the dates indicated. Signature Title Date /s/ Charles R. Gordon Charles R. Gordon /s/ David A. Martin David A. Martin /s/ Stephen P. Cortinovis Stephen P. Cortinovis /s/ Christopher B. Curtis Christopher B. Curtis /s/ Stephanie A. Cuskley Stephanie A. Cuskley /s/ Walter J. Galvin Walter J. Galvin /s/ Juanita H. Hinshaw Juanita H. Hinshaw /s/ M. Richard Smith M. Richard Smith /s/ Alfred L. Woods Alfred L. Woods /s/ Phillip D. Wright Phillip D. Wright Principal Executive Officer and Director Principal Financial Officer and Principal Accounting Officer Director Director Director Director Director Director Director Director 110 February 29, 2016 February 29, 2016 February 29, 2016 February 29, 2016 February 29, 2016 February 29, 2016 February 29, 2016 February 29, 2016 February 29, 2016 February 29, 2016 INDEX TO EXHIBITS (1) 3.1 3.2 3.3 10.1 10.2 10.3 10.4 10.5 10.6 10.7 10.8 Certificate of Incorporation of the Company (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the current report on Form 8-K12B filed on October 26, 2011), and Certificate of Designation, Preferences and Rights of Series A Junior Participating Preferred Stock (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.3 to the current report on Form 8- K12B filed October 26, 2011). Certificate of Correction of the Certificate of Incorporation of the Company (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.2 to the annual report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2013). Amended and Restated By-Laws of the Company (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the current report on Form 8-K filed August 4, 2015). Agreement of Merger and Plan of Reorganization, dated October 19, 2011, by and among Insituform Technologies, Inc., Aegion Corporation and Insituform MergerSub, Inc. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 2.1 to the current report on Form 8-K12B filed October 26, 2011). Assignment and Assumption Agreement, dated October 25, 2011, between Insituform Technologies, Inc. and Aegion Corporation (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the current report on Form 8-K12B filed October 26, 2011). Amended and Restated 2001 Non-Employee Director Equity Incentive Plan of the Company (incorporated by reference to Appendix B to the definitive proxy statement on Schedule 14A filed April 16, 2003 in connection with the 2003 annual meeting of stockholders). (2) 2006 Employee Equity Incentive Plan of the Company (incorporated by reference to Appendix C to the definitive proxy statement on Schedule 14A filed on March 10, 2006 in connection with the 2006 annual meeting of stockholders), as amended on April 14, 2006 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Current Report on Form 8-K, filed April 14, 2006). (2) 2006 Non-Employee Director Equity Plan of the Company (incorporated by reference to Appendix B to the definitive proxy statement on Schedule 14A filed March 10, 2006 in connection with the 2006 annual meeting of stockholders). (2) 2009 Employee Equity Incentive Plan of the Company (incorporated by reference to Appendix A to the definitive proxy statement on Schedule 14A filed March 25, 2009, as revised on April 7, 2009, in connection with the 2009 annual meeting of stockholders). (2) 2011 Non-Employee Director Equity Plan of the Company (incorporated by reference to Appendix A to the definitive proxy statement on Schedule 14A filed March 18, 2011 in connection with the 2011 annual meeting of stockholders). (2) 2013 Employee Equity Incentive Plan of the Company (incorporated by reference to Appendix A to the definitive proxy statement on Schedule 14A filed April 3, 2013 in connection with the 2013 annual meeting of stockholders). (2) 10.9 Employee Stock Purchase Plan of the Company (incorporated by reference to Appendix A to the definitive proxy statement on Schedule 14A filed March 15, 2007 in connection with the 2007 annual meeting of stockholders). (2) 10.10 10.11 Senior Management Voluntary Deferred Compensation Plan, as amended and restated effective January 1, 2014 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.10 to the annual report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2013). (2) 2011 Executive Performance Plan of the Company (incorporated by reference to Appendix B to the definitive proxy statement on Schedule 14A filed March 18, 2011 in connection with the 2011 annual meeting of stockholders). (2) 111 10.12 Form of Directors’ Indemnification Agreement (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.13 to the annual report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2011). 10.13 Form of Executive Change in Control Severance Agreement, dated as of October 6, 2014, between Aegion Corporation and each of Charles R. Gordon, David A. Martin and David F. Morris (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the current report on Form 8-K filed October 10, 2014). 10.14 Management Annual Incentive Plan effective January 1, 2016, filed herewith. (2) 10.15 Form of Director Deferred Stock Unit Agreement (for Non-Employee Directors) (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the quarterly report on Form 10-Q filed May 1, 2015). 10.16 Form of Performance Unit Agreement, dated February 24, 2016, between Aegion Corporation and certain executive officers of Aegion Corporation, filed herewith. (2) 10.17 Form of Restricted Stock Unit Agreement, dated February 24, 2016, between Aegion Corporation and certain executive officers of Aegion Corporation, filed herewith. (2) 10.18 Letter agreement, dated October 6, 2014, between Aegion Corporation and Charles R. Gordon (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the current report on Form 8-K filed October 10, 2014). 10.19 Form of Restricted Stock Agreement, dated October 8, 2014, between Aegion Corporation and Charles R. Gordon (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 to the current report on Form 8-K filed October 10, 2014). 10.20' Form of Performance Unit Award Agreement, dated October 8, 2014, between Aegion Corporation and Charles R. Gordon (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.4 to the current report on Form 8-K filed October 10, 2014). 10.21 10.22 Form of Inducement Restricted Stock Award Agreement, dated October 8, 2014, between Aegion Corporation and Charles R. Gordon (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.5 to the current report on Form 8-K filed October 10, 2014). Credit Agreement, dated as of July 1, 2013, among Aegion Corporation, the Guarantors and Bank of America, N.A., as Administrative Agent, Swing Line Lender and L/C Issuer (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the current report on Form 8-K filed July 5, 2013). 10.23 Second Amendment to Credit Agreement, dated October 6, 2014 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the current report on Form 8-K filed October 10, 2014). 10.24 Third Amendment to Credit Agreement, dated June 5, 2015 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the quarterly report on Form 10-Q filed July 30, 2015). 10.25 Amended and Restated Credit Agreement, dated October 30, 2015 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the current report on Form 8-K filed November 2, 2015). 10.26 10.27 Agreement and Plan of Merger, dated January 4, 2016, among Aegion Corporation, PUAC, Inc., Underground Solutions, Inc., Fortis Advisors LLC and UGSI Solutions, Inc. (incorporated by reference to the current report on Form 8-K filed January 8, 2016). Equity Purchase Agreement by and among Energy & Mining Holding Company, LLC, Aegion Corporation, Brinderson, L.P., General Energy Services, Gary Brinderson (solely for purposes of Section 6.4, Section 6.7 and Article X), Energy Constructors, Inc. (solely for purposes of Section 6.15 and Article X) and equity holders listed on the signature pages thereto, dated June 24, 2013 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the current report on Form 8-K filed June 25, 2013). 112 10.28 First Amendment to Equity Purchase Agreement, dated as of June 30, 2013, by and between Energy & Mining Holding Company, LLC and Tim W. Carr, Southpac Trust International, Inc. and Richard B. Fontaine, Trustees of the BCSD Trust dated 1/28/93, as amended and restated (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the current report on Form 8-K filed July 5, 2013). 21 23 24 Subsidiaries of the Company, filed herewith. Consent of PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, filed herewith. Power of Attorney (set forth on signature page). 31.1 Certification of Charles R. Gordon pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, filed herewith. 31.2 Certification of David A. Martin pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, filed herewith. 32.1 32.2 Certification of Charles R. Gordon pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, filed herewith. Certification of David A. Martin pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, filed herewith. 101.INS XBRL Instance Document* 101.SCH XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document* 101.CAL XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document* 101.DEF XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document* 101.LAB XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document* 101.PRE XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document* * In accordance with Rule 406T under Regulation S-T, the XBRL-related information in Exhibit 101 shall be deemed “furnished” and not “filed”. (1) The Company’s current, quarterly and annual reports are filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission under file no. 001-35328. (2) Management contract or compensatory plan or arrangement. Documents listed in this Index to Exhibits will be made available upon written request. * * * 113 AEGION(cid:3)CORPORATION Income(cid:3)from(cid:3)Continuing(cid:3)Operations(cid:3)Reconciliation(cid:3)to(cid:3)Non(cid:882)GAAP IN(cid:3)THOUSANDS,(cid:3)EXCEPT(cid:3)PER(cid:3)SHARE(cid:3)DATA 2015 Loss(cid:3)from(cid:3)continuing(cid:3)operations(cid:3)(cid:3)(GAAP,(cid:3)as(cid:3)reported) Adjustments: Restructuring(cid:882)related(cid:3)charges Goodwill(cid:3)impairments Credit(cid:3)facility(cid:3)financing(cid:3)fees Acquisition(cid:882)related(cid:3)expenses Joint(cid:3)venture(cid:3)and(cid:3)divestiture(cid:3)activity Litigation(cid:3)settlement Reserves(cid:3)for(cid:3)disputed(cid:3)and(cid:3)long(cid:882)dated(cid:3)accounts(cid:3)receivable Income(cid:3)from(cid:3)continuing(cid:3)operations(cid:3)(cid:3)(Non(cid:882)GAAP) 2014 Loss(cid:3)from(cid:3)continuing(cid:3)operations(cid:3)(cid:3)(GAAP,(cid:3)as(cid:3)reported) Adjustments: Restructuring(cid:882)related(cid:3)charges Long(cid:882)lived(cid:3)assets(cid:3)and(cid:3)goodwill(cid:3)impairments Acquisition(cid:882)related(cid:3)expenses Joint(cid:3)venture(cid:3)and(cid:3)divestiture(cid:3)activity Reserves(cid:3)for(cid:3)disputed(cid:3)and(cid:3)long(cid:882)dated(cid:3)accounts(cid:3)receivable Acquisition(cid:882)related(cid:3)escrow(cid:3)settlement Income(cid:3)from(cid:3)continuing(cid:3)operations(cid:3)(cid:3)(Non(cid:882)GAAP) 2013 Income(cid:3)from(cid:3)continuing(cid:3)operations(cid:3)(cid:3)(GAAP,(cid:3)as(cid:3)reported) Adjustments: Acquisition(cid:882)related(cid:3)expenses Credit(cid:3)facility(cid:3)financing(cid:3)fees Joint(cid:3)venture(cid:3)and(cid:3)divestiture(cid:3)activity Income(cid:3)from(cid:3)continuing(cid:3)operations(cid:3)(cid:3)(Non(cid:882)GAAP) 2012 Income(cid:3)from(cid:3)continuing(cid:3)operations(cid:3)(cid:3)(GAAP,(cid:3)as(cid:3)reported) Adjustments: Acquisition(cid:882)related(cid:3)expenses Income(cid:3)from(cid:3)continuing(cid:3)operations(cid:3)(cid:3)(Non(cid:882)GAAP) 2011 Income(cid:3)from(cid:3)continuing(cid:3)operations(cid:3)(cid:3)(GAAP,(cid:3)as(cid:3)reported) Adjustments: Restructuring(cid:3)charges Acquisition(cid:882)related(cid:3)expenses Prior(cid:3)debt(cid:3)redemption(cid:3)costs Income(cid:3)from(cid:3)continuing(cid:3)operations(cid:3)(cid:3)(Non(cid:882)GAAP) Amount $(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3) (8,067) EPS (0.22) $(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3) (cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3) (cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3) (cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3) (cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3) (cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3) (cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3) (cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3) 8,712 35,711 2,023 4,657 1,427 1,660 1,110 (cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3) (cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3) (cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3) (cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3) (cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3) (cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3) (cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3) 0.24 0.97 0.05 0.13 0.04 0.04 0.03 $(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3) 47,233 $(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3) 1.28 Amount $(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3) (33,320) EPS (0.88) $(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3) (cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3) (cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3) (cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3) (cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3) (cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3) (cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3) 36,153 46,613 828 278 4,494 (2,844) (cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3) (cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3) (cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3) (cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3) (cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3) (cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3) 0.95 1.23 0.02 0.01 0.11 (0.07) $(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3) 52,202 $(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3) 1.37 Amount EPS $(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3) 50,812 $(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3) 1.30 (cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3) (cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3) (cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3) 3,510 1,182 (6,053) (cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3) (cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3) (cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3) 0.09 0.03 (0.15) $(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3) 49,451 $(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3) 1.27 Amount EPS $(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3) 54,374 $(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3) 1.37 (cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3) 2,690 (cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3) 0.07 $(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3) 57,064 $(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3) 1.44 Amount EPS $(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3) 27,134 $(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3) 0.68 (cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3) (cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3) (cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3) 1,496 4,703 4,127 (cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3) (cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3) (cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3) 0.04 0.12 0.10 $(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3) 37,460 $(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3) 0.94 A(cid:882)1 AEGION(cid:3)CORPORATION Operating(cid:3)Income(cid:3)Reconciliation(cid:3)to(cid:3)Non(cid:882)GAAP IN(cid:3)THOUSANDS 2015 Operating(cid:3)income(cid:3)(cid:3)(GAAP,(cid:3)as(cid:3)reported) Adjustments: Restructuring(cid:882)related(cid:3)charges Goodwill(cid:3)impairments Acquisition(cid:882)related(cid:3)expenses Litigation(cid:3)settlement Reserves(cid:3)for(cid:3)disputed(cid:3)and(cid:3)long(cid:882)dated(cid:3)accounts(cid:3)receivable Operating(cid:3)income(cid:3)(cid:3)(Non(cid:882)GAAP) 2014 Operating(cid:3)loss(cid:3)(cid:3)(GAAP,(cid:3)as(cid:3)reported) Adjustments: Restructuring(cid:882)related(cid:3)charges Long(cid:882)lived(cid:3)assets(cid:3)and(cid:3)goodwill(cid:3)impairments Acquisition(cid:882)related(cid:3)expenses Reserves(cid:3)for(cid:3)disputed(cid:3)and(cid:3)long(cid:882)dated(cid:3)accounts(cid:3)receivable Acquisition(cid:882)related(cid:3)escrow(cid:3)settlement Operating(cid:3)income(cid:3)(cid:3)(Non(cid:882)GAAP) 2013 2012 2011 Operating(cid:3)income(cid:3)(cid:3)(GAAP,(cid:3)as(cid:3)reported) Adjustments: Acquisition(cid:882)related(cid:3)expenses Operating(cid:3)income(cid:3)(cid:3)(Non(cid:882)GAAP) Operating(cid:3)income(cid:3)(cid:3)(GAAP,(cid:3)as(cid:3)reported) Adjustments: Acquisition(cid:882)related(cid:3)expenses Operating(cid:3)income(cid:3)(cid:3)(Non(cid:882)GAAP) Operating(cid:3)income(cid:3)(cid:3)(GAAP,(cid:3)as(cid:3)reported) Adjustments: Restructuring(cid:3)charges Acquisition(cid:882)related(cid:3)expenses Operating(cid:3)income(cid:3)(cid:3)(Non(cid:882)GAAP) Amount $(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3) 19,946 (cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3) (cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3) (cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3) (cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3) (cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3) 8,072 43,484 1,912 2,771 2,883 $(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3) 79,068 Amount $(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3) (19,812) (cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3) (cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3) (cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3) (cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3) (cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3) 47,824 52,732 1,375 7,465 (4,500) $(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3) 85,084 Amount $(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3) 66,882 (cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3) 5,831 $(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3) 72,713 Amount $(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3) 81,803 (cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3) 3,124 $(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3) 84,927 Amount $(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3) 45,707 (cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3) (cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3) 2,151 6,372 $(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3) 54,230 A(cid:882)2 AEGION(cid:3)CORPORATION 2015(cid:3)Segment(cid:3)Operating(cid:3)Income(cid:3)Reconciliation(cid:3)to(cid:3)Non(cid:882)GAAP IN(cid:3)THOUSANDS Infrastructure(cid:3)Solutions Operating(cid:3)income(cid:3)(cid:3)(GAAP,(cid:3)as(cid:3)reported) Adjustments: Restructuring(cid:882)related(cid:3)charges Acquisition(cid:882)related(cid:3)expenses Litigation(cid:3)settlement Operating(cid:3)income(cid:3)(cid:3)(Non(cid:882)GAAP) Operating(cid:3)loss(cid:3)(cid:3)(GAAP,(cid:3)as(cid:3)reported) Adjustments: Corrosion(cid:3)Protection Amount $(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3) 46,867 Margin 8.4% (cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3) (cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3) (cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3) 8,072 1,132 2,771 $(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3) 58,842 10.6% Amount $(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3) (1,771) Margin (0.4%) Acquisition(cid:882)related(cid:3)expenses Goodwill(cid:3)impairment Reserves(cid:3)for(cid:3)disputed(cid:3)and(cid:3)long(cid:882)dated(cid:3)accounts(cid:3)receivable (cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3) (cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3) (cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3) 457 9,957 2,883 Operating(cid:3)income(cid:3)(cid:3)(Non(cid:882)GAAP) $(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3) 11,526 2.6% Energy(cid:3)Services Operating(cid:3)loss(cid:3)(cid:3)(GAAP,(cid:3)as(cid:3)reported) Adjustments: Acquisition(cid:882)related(cid:3)expenses Goodwill(cid:3)impairment Operating(cid:3)income(cid:3)(cid:3)(Non(cid:882)GAAP) Amount $(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3) (25,150) Margin (7.4%) (cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3) (cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3) $(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3) 323 33,527 8,700 2.6% A(cid:882)3 (THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK) CORPORATE INFORMATION EXECUTIVE OFFICERS OF AEGION CORPORATION Charles R. Gordon President & Chief Executive Officer David A. Martin Executive Vice President & Chief Financial Officer David F. Morris Executive Vice President, General Counsel & Chief Administrative Officer John D. Huhn Senior Vice President & Chief Strategy Officer Stephen P. Callahan Senior Vice President, Global Human Resources Michael D. White Senior Vice President & Corporate Controller INDEPENDENT ACCOUNTANTS PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP 800 Market Street | St. Louis, Missouri 63101 TRANSFER AGENT & REGISTRAR American Stock Transfer & Trust Company 59 Maiden Lane | New York, New York 10038 PRICE RANGE OF SECURITIES The Company’s common shares, $.01 par value, are traded on The Nasdaq Global Select Market under the symbol “AEGN.” The following table sets forth the range of quarterly high and low sales prices for the years ended December 31, 2015 and 2014, as reported on The Nasdaq Global Select Market. Quotations represent prices between dealers and do not include retail markups, markdowns or commissions. PERIOD 2015: First Quarter Second Quarter Third Quarter Fourth Quarter 2014: First Quarter Second Quarter Third Quarter Fourth Quarter HIGH LOW $ 19.47 19.67 19.92 22.41 $ 25.39 25.64 25.52 22.61 $ 15.31 17.11 15.97 16.16 $ 19.14 21.94 21.69 16.54 FORM 10-K A copy of the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2015, as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission, is available free of charge on our website, www.aegion.com, or upon request by writing to the Company’s investor relations department at 17988 Edison Avenue, St. Louis, Missouri 63005. BOARD OF DIRECTORS Alfred L. Woods Chairman of the Board Ex Officio Member All Standing Board Committees Former President & CEO Woods Group, LLC Charles R. Gordon Strategic Planning & Finance Committee President & CEO Aegion Corporation Stephen P. Cortinovis Strategic Planning & Finance Committee (Chair) Corporate Governance & Nominating Committee Former President, Europe Emerson Electric Co. Christopher B. Curtis Compensation Committee Strategic Planning & Finance Committee Former President & CEO Schneider Electric, NA Stephanie A. Cuskley Audit Committee (Chair) Compensation Committee CEO Leona M. and Henry B. Helmsley Charitable Trust Walter J. Galvin Audit Committee Corporate Governance & Nominating Committee Former CFO & Vice Chairman Emerson Electric Co. Juanita H. Hinshaw Compensation Committee (Chair) Audit Committee President & CEO H & H Advisors M. Richard Smith Corporate Governance & Nominating Committee (Chair) Strategic Planning & Finance Committee Board Member & Consultant Sithe Global Power, LLC Phillip D. Wright Compensation Committee Strategic Planning & Finance Committee Former President & CEO Williams Energy Services, LLC AEGION CORPORATION 17988 Edison Avenue St. Louis, Missouri 63005 636.530.8000 www.aegion.com Aegion®, the Aegion® logo, Bayou®, Corrpro®, Insituform®, Brinderson®, Underground Solutions®, Coating Services™, Fyfe®, Fibrwrap®, Tyfo®, United Pipeline Systems®, Tite Liner® and ACS™ are the registered and unregistered trademarks of Aegion Corporation and its afﬁliates in the United States and other countries. © 2016 Aegion Corporation

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