AeroCentury Corp.
Annual Report 2016

Plain-text annual report

Annual Report Cover 3-10 3/3/10 11:55 AM Page 1 Worldwide • Regional Aircraft • Leasing AeroCentury Corp. 1440 Chapin Ave., Suite 310 Burlingame, CA 94010 650-340-1888 Fax: 650-696-3929 www.aerocentury.com 2016 Annual Report TO OUR STOCKHOLDERS In 2016, earnings were $1.2 million, or $0.78 per diluted share, which included $3.4 million in gains from sale or disposition of assets. In 2015, earnings were $6.4 million, or $4.17 per diluted share, which included $12.0 million in gains on sale or disposition of assets. Consistent with our strategy to sell older aircraft for cash or through sales-type finance leases, we sold four older regional jet aircraft and one aircraft engine for cash, and sold three older turboprop aircraft pursuant to sales-type finance leases during 2016. We reinvested the sales proceeds in newer, more fuel-efficient models during the third quarter: two Bombardier CRJ-1000 regional jet aircraft on lease to Air Nostrum (Spain), and two Bombardier CRJ-900 aircraft on lease with Adria Airways (Slovenia), representing $69 million of investments. These acquisitions increased the net book value of our aggregate asset portfolio by 24%, to $192.8 million from $155.3 million a year ago. Although operating lease revenue was slightly lower in 2016 than in 2015, the 2016 acquisitions are beginning to have a marked impact on operating lease revenue. Utilization remained strong at 93% in 2016, compared to 92% in 2015. Book value per share was $27.13 at December 31, 2016, compared to $26.35 per share at December 31, 2015. The aircraft leasing industry continues to evolve. Competition in the acquisition market remains fierce, leading to higher aircraft prices and lower lease rates. We remain committed to expanding our fleet through quality acquisitions, but will only enter into transactions that make good economic sense for AeroCentury. I joined AeroCentury in September of 2016 after working in the regional aircraft industry for more than 30 years. A large part of my time since has been spent visiting AeroCentury’s customers worldwide, as well as attending international conferences in order to promote AeroCentury’s brand and further expand its exposure and contacts in the aviation industry. I have been gratified by the reception I have received from industry leaders at these events and am impressed by AeroCentury’s strong reputation within the industry. I am pleased to be part of AeroCentury’s management team and look forward to the Company’s promising future. We appreciate your continued support. Sincerely, Michael Magnusson President UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION WASHINGTON, DC 20549 FORM 10-K (Mark One) ⌧ ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2016 " TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 For the transition period from ____________ to ____________ Commission File Number: 001-13387 AeroCentury Corp. (Exact name of Registrant as Specified in Its Charter) Delaware (State or Other Jurisdiction of Incorporation or Organization) 94-3263974 (IRS Employer Identification No.) 1440 Chapin Avenue, Suite 310 Burlingame, California 94010 (Address of Principal Executive Offices) Registrant’s telephone number, including area code: (650) 340-1888 Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act: Title of each class Common Stock, par value $0.001 per share Name of each exchange on which registered NYSE MKT Exchange Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yes " No ⌧ Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act. Yes " No ⌧ Indicate by check mark whether the registrant: (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ⌧ No " Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§ 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files). Yes ⌧ No " Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K (§ 229.405) is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best of registrant’s knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to this Form 10-K. " Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer” and “smaller reporting company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one): Large accelerated filer " Non-accelerated filer " Accelerated filer " Smaller reporting company ⌧ Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes " No ⌧ The aggregate market value of the voting and non-voting common equity held by non-affiliates (based upon the closing price as of June 30, 2016) was $10,877,500. The number of shares of the Registrant’s Common Stock outstanding as of March 9, 2017 was 1,566,699. DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE Part III of this Annual Report on Form 10-K incorporates information by reference from the Registrant’s Proxy Statement for its 2017 Annual Meeting of Stockholders. Except as expressly incorporated by reference, the Registrant’s Proxy Statement shall not be deemed to be a part of this Annual Report on Form 10-K. 2 Forward-Looking Statements PART I FINANCIAL INFORMATION This Annual Report on Form 10-K includes "forward-looking statements" within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”) and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (“the Exchange Act”). All statements in this Report other than statements of historical fact are "forward-looking statements" for purposes of these provisions, including any statements of plans and objectives for future operations and any statements of assumptions underlying any of the foregoing. Statements that include the use of terminology such as "may," "will," "expects," "plans," "anticipates," "estimates," "potential," or "continue," or the negative thereof, or other comparable terminology are forward-looking statements. Forward-looking statements include these statements: (i) in Part I, Item 1, “Business of the Company,” that the Company can purchase assets at an appropriate price and maintain an acceptable overall on-lease rate for the Company’s assets; and that it is able and willing to enter into transactions with a wider range of lessees than would be possible for traditional, large lending institutions and leasing companies; (ii) in Part I, Item 1, “Working Capital Needs,” that the Company will have sufficient cash flow or borrowing availability to fund maintenance costs; (iii) in Part I, Item 1, “Competition,” that the Company has a competitive advantage due to its experience and operational efficiency in financing the transaction sizes that are desired by many in the regional air carrier market; and that the Company continues to have a competitive advantage because JMC has developed a presence as a global participant in the regional aircraft leasing market; (iv) in Part I, Item 1, “Environmental Matters,” that neither compliance with federal, state and local provisions regulating discharge of greenhouse gas emissions (including carbon dioxide (CO2)) in the environment and/or aircraft noise regulations, nor remedial agreements or other actions relating to the environment, has had, or is expected to have, a material effect on the Company’s capital expenditures, financial condition, results of operations or competitive position; (v) in Part I, Item 3, “Legal Proceedings,” that none of the current litigation, if resolved adverse to the Company, is anticipated to have a material adverse effect on the Company; (vi) in Part II, Item 7, “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations – Liquidity and Capital Resources,” that the Company will be in compliance with all of its credit facility covenants at future calculation dates; and that the Company will have adequate cash flow to meet its ongoing operational needs, including any required repayments under the Credit Facility due to borrowing base limitations; (vii) in Part II, Item 7, “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations – Outlook,” that the Company does not anticipate any future weakening of the financial condition of its overall customer base, but believes that there may be further shakeouts of weaker carriers in the industry before the financial situation improves across the board; that the Company continues to expect slow growth in the number of aircraft and aircraft engines needed for operation by carriers in nearly all geographic areas, especially in western Europe, as compared to periods before the global downturn; that that there will be intense competition among buyers of leased assets available for acquisition; that the Company could experience a delay in remarketing its assets, as well as lower rental rates for assets that are remarketed; that the Company expects that the customers for four aircraft leases and two engine leases that expire in 2017 will choose to return the assets rather than renew the leases; that the Company will be in compliance with all of its Credit Facility covenants at future calculation dates; and that available borrowings under the Credit Facility will be sufficient to meet its continuing obligations and, if the Credit Facility is expanded from its current amount of $150 million to the maximum of $180 million, to fund anticipated acquisitions; (viii) in Part II, Item 7, “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations – Factors that May Affect Future Results,” that the Company will be in compliance with all of its credit facility covenants; that competition has and will likely continue to create upward pressure on acquisition prices for many of the aircraft types that the Company has targeted to buy and, at the same time, create downward pressure on lease rates, resulting in lower margins for the Company and, therefore, fewer acceptable acquisition opportunities for the Company; that the Company will have sufficient cash funds to make any required principal repayment that arises due to borrowing limitations; that the Company does not anticipate any worsening of the financial condition of its overall customer base, but believes that there may be further shakeouts of weaker carriers in economically troubled regions; that most of the Company’s growth will be outside North America; that the overall industry expertise of JMC’s personnel and its technical resources should permit the Company to effectively manage new aircraft types; that there are effective mitigating factors against undue compensation-incented risk-taking by JMC; that it is not expected that the costs of complying with current environmental regulations will have a material adverse effect on the Company’s financial position, results of operations, or cash flows; that the Company has sufficient cyber-security measures in place commensurate with the risks to the Company of a successful cyber- attack or breach of security; and that sufficient replacement mechanisms exist in the event of such a cyber-attack interruption that there would not be a material adverse financial impact on the Company’s business; and (ix) in Part II, Item 8, “Financial Statements,” that the adoption of the provisions of ASU 2016-01 will not have a substantial effect on its balance sheet or statement of operations; that the accounting for the Company’s existing operating and sales-type leases will not be affected by adoption of Topic 842, nor does it expect classification of its future leases to be significantly affected by adoption; that certain pre-lease costs that are currently capitalized and amortized over operating lease terms or offset against gain on sale in sales-type leases will instead be expensed when incurred under the new standards of Topic 842; that Company does not expect to adopt Topic 842 early, and does expect to elect practical expedients in connection with its adoption, including not re-evaluating lease classification or capitalized initial direct costs on 3 existing leases; that the outcome of any existing or known threatened proceedings, even if determined adversely, should not have a material adverse effect on the Company's business, financial condition, liquidity or results of operations. These forward-looking statements involve risks and uncertainties, and it is important to note that the Company's actual results could differ materially from those projected or assumed in such forward-looking statements. Among the factors that could cause actual results to differ materially are the factors detailed under the heading "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations – – Factors That May Affect Future Results," including no sudden current economic downturn or unanticipated future financial crises or other unanticipated events, such as war, terrorist events or a flu epidemic that might adversely affect the travel industry or the commercial airline business, the lack of any unexpected lessee defaults or insolvency; a deterioration of the market values of aircraft types owned by the Company; compliance by the Company's lessees with obligations under their respective leases; the continued availability of financing for acquisitions under the Credit Facility; the Company’s success in finding appropriate assets to acquire with such financing; deviations from the assumption that future major maintenance expenses will be relatively evenly spaced over the entire portfolio; and future trends and results which cannot be predicted with certainty. The cautionary statements made in this Report should be read as being applicable to all related forward-looking statements wherever they appear herein. All forward-looking statements and risk factors included in this document are made as of the date hereof, based on information available to the Company as of the date hereof, and the Company assumes no obligation to update any forward-looking statement or risk factor. You should consult the risk factors listed from time to time in the Company's filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission. 4 Item 1. Business. Business of the Company AeroCentury Corp., a Delaware corporation incorporated in 1997, typically acquires used regional aircraft for lease to regional carriers worldwide. In August 2016, AeroCentury Corp. formed two wholly-owned subsidiaries, ACY 19002 Limited (“ACY 19002”) and ACY 19003 Limited (“ACY 19003”) for the purpose of acquiring aircraft using a combination of cash and financing separate from the parent’s credit facility. The business of AeroCentury Corp., ACY 19002 and ACY 19003 (collectively, the “Company”) is managed by JetFleet Management Corp. (“JMC”), pursuant to a management agreement (the “Management Agreement”) with JMC. JMC is an integrated aircraft management, marketing and financing business and a subsidiary of JetFleet Holding Corp. (“JHC”). Certain officers of the Company are also officers of JHC and JMC and hold significant ownership positions in both JHC and the Company. Since its formation, the Company has been engaged in the business of investing in used regional aircraft equipment leased to foreign and domestic regional air carriers. The Company’s principal business objective is to increase stockholder value by acquiring aircraft assets and managing those assets in order to provide a return on investment through lease revenue and, eventually, sale proceeds. The Company strives to achieve its business objective by reinvesting cash flow and using short-term and long-term debt and/or equity financing. The Company’s success in achieving its objective depends in large part on its success in three areas: asset selection, lessee selection and obtaining financing for acquisition of aircraft and engines. The Company typically acquires assets in one of three ways. The Company may purchase an asset already subject to a lease and assume the rights and obligations of the seller, as lessor under the existing lease. Additionally, the Company may purchase an asset from an air carrier and lease it back to the air carrier. Finally, the Company may purchase an asset from a seller and then immediately enter into a new lease for the aircraft with a third party lessee. In this last case, the Company typically does not purchase an asset unless a potential lessee has been identified and has committed to lease the asset. The Company generally targets used regional aircraft with purchase prices between $5 million and $20 million, and lease terms of three to ten years. In determining assets for acquisition, the Company evaluates, among other things, the type of asset, its current price and projected future value, its versatility or specialized uses, the current and projected availability of and demand for that asset, and the type and number of future potential lessees. Because JMC has extensive experience in purchasing, leasing and selling used regional aircraft, the Company believes it can purchase these assets at an appropriate price and maintain an acceptable overall on-lease rate for the Company’s assets. In order to improve the remarketability of an aircraft after expiration of a lease, the Company’s leases generally contain provisions that require lessees to either return the aircraft in a condition that allows the Company to expediently re-lease or sell the aircraft, or pay sufficient amounts based on usage under the lease to cover any maintenance or overhaul of the aircraft required to bring the aircraft to such a state. When considering whether to enter into transactions with a lessee, the Company generally reviews the lessee’s creditworthiness, growth prospects, financial status and backing; the experience of its management; and the impact of legal and regulatory matters in the lessee's market, all of which are weighed in determining the lease terms offered to the lessee. In addition, it is the Company’s policy to monitor the lessee’s business and financial performance closely throughout the term of the lease, and, if requested, provide assistance drawn from the experience of the Company’s management in many areas of the air carrier industry. Because of its “hands-on” approach to portfolio management, the Company believes it is able and willing to enter into transactions with a wider range of lessees than would be possible for traditional, large lending institutions and leasing companies. The Company has funded its asset acquisitions primarily through debt financing supplemented by free cash flow. The Company’s primary source of debt financing has been a secured credit facility. The Company's current credit facility (the “Credit Facility”) is provided by a syndicate of banks, with MUFG Union Bank, N.A. as agent, and 5 expires on May 31, 2019. As discussed above, during 2016, the Company also financed the purchase of two aircraft using special purpose financing. Working Capital Needs The Company’s portfolio of assets has historically generated revenues that have exceeded the Company’s cash expenses, which consist mainly of management fees, maintenance costs, principal and interest payments on debt, professional fees, and insurance premiums. The management fees paid by the Company to JMC are based upon the book value of the Company’s asset pool. Maintenance costs for off-lease aircraft are recognized as expenses as incurred, while reimbursement of lessee maintenance costs from previously collected maintenance reserves reduce the Company's maintenance reserves liability. Interest expense is dependent on both the balance of the Company’s indebtedness and applicable interest rates. Professional fees are paid to third parties for expenses not covered by JMC under the Management Agreement. Insurance expense includes amounts paid for directors and officers insurance, as well as product liability insurance and aircraft hull insurance for periods when an aircraft is off lease. So long as the Company succeeds in keeping the majority of its assets on lease and interest rates do not rise significantly and rapidly, the Company’s cash flow should continue to be sufficient to cover its expenses and provide excess cash flow. If the Company incurs unusually large maintenance costs or reimbursements for maintenance in any given period, the Company expects it will have sufficient cash flow or borrowing availability under its credit facility to fund such maintenance. Competition The Company competes with other leasing companies, banks, financial institutions, private equity firms, and aircraft leasing syndicates for customers that generally are regional commercial aircraft operators seeking to lease aircraft under operating leases. Competition has increased as competitors who have traditionally neglected the regional air carrier market have recently focused on that market. The industry has also experienced a number of consolidations of smaller leasing companies, creating a handful of very large companies operating in this market. Because competition is largely based on price and lease terms, the entry of new competitors into the market, the creation of larger competitors due to consolidation, and/or the entry of traditional large aircraft lessors into the regional aircraft niche, particularly those with greater access to capital markets than the Company, could lead to fewer acquisition opportunities for the Company and/or lease terms less favorable to the Company, as well as fewer renewals of existing leases or new leases of existing aircraft, all of which could lead to lower revenues, profitability and cash flow for the Company. The Company, however, believes that it has a competitive advantage due to its experience and operational efficiency in financing the transaction sizes that are desired by many in the regional air carrier market. Management believes that the Company also continues to have a competitive advantage because JMC has developed a presence as a global participant in the regional aircraft leasing market. Dependence on Significant Customers For the year ended December 31, 2016, the Company’s three largest customers accounted for 21%, 17% and 17% of lease revenue. For the year ended December 31, 2015, the Company’s three largest customers accounted for 17%, 16% and 15% of lease revenue. Concentration of credit risk with respect to lease receivables will diminish in the future only if the Company is able to re-lease assets currently on lease to significant customers to new customers and/or acquire assets for lease to new customers. Environmental Matters Neither compliance with federal, state and local provisions regulating discharge of greenhouse gas emissions (including carbon dioxide (CO2)) in the environment and/or aircraft noise regulations, nor remedial agreements or other actions relating to the environment, has had, or is expected to have, a material effect on the Company’s capital expenditures, financial condition, results of operations or competitive position. 6 Employees Under the Company’s Management Agreement with JMC, JMC is responsible for all administration and management of the Company. Consequently, the Company does not have any employees. Available Information The headquarters of AeroCentury Corp. is located at 1440 Chapin Avenue, Suite 310, Burlingame, California located at: The main 94010. http://www.aerocentury.com. The Company’s website is (650) 340-1888. telephone number is The Company is subject to the reporting requirements of the Securities Exchange Act (the “Exchange Act”). Therefore, the Company files periodic reports, proxy statements and other information with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”). Copies of these materials, filed by us with the SEC, are available free of charge on the Company's website at www.aerocentury.com through the Investor Relations link (SEC Filings). The public may read and copy any materials the Company files with the SEC at the SEC’s Public Reference Room of the SEC at 100 F Street N.E., Washington, D.C. 20549. The public may obtain information on the operation of the Public Reference Room by calling the SEC at 1-800-SEC-0330. In addition, the SEC maintains an Internet site (http://www.sec.gov) that contains reports, proxy and information statements and other information regarding issuers that file electronically with the SEC. Item 1A. Risk Factors. Smaller reporting companies are not required to provide this information. Item 1B. Unresolved Staff Comments. None. Item 2. Properties. As of December 31, 2016, the Company did not own or lease any real property, plant or materially important physical properties. The Company maintains its principal office at 1440 Chapin Avenue, Suite 310, Burlingame, California 94010. However, since the Company has no employees and the Company’s portfolio of leased aircraft assets is managed and administered under the terms of the Management Agreement with JMC, all office facilities are provided by JMC. For information regarding the aircraft and aircraft engines owned by the Company, refer to Note 3 to the Company’s consolidated financial statements in Item 8 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K. Item 3. Legal Proceedings. The Company from time to time engages in ordinary course litigation relating to lease collection matters against defaulting lessees and mechanic’s lien claims by vendors hired by lessees. None of the current litigation, if resolved adverse to the Company, is anticipated to have a material adverse effect on the Company’s financial condition or results of operations. Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures. Not applicable. 7 PART II Item 5. Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities. The shares of the Company’s Common Stock are traded on the NYSE MKT exchange (“NYSE MKT”) under the symbol “ACY.” Market Information The Company’s Common Stock has been traded on the NYSE MKT since January 16, 1998. The following table sets forth the high and low sales prices reported on the NYSE MKT for the Company’s Common Stock for the periods indicated: Fiscal year ended December 31, 2016: Period High Low Fourth Quarter Third Quarter Second Quarter First Quarter Fiscal year ended December 31, 2015: Fourth Quarter Third Quarter Second Quarter First Quarter $ 9.69 9.50 11.45 14.88 13.00 13.00 13.45 14.00 $ 8.50 8.50 8.52 10.03 8.21 7.70 8.01 7.61 On March 8, 2017, the closing sale price of the Company’s Common Stock on the NYSE MKT exchange was $10.20 per share. Sale of Unregistered Securities In April 2007, the Company issued warrants to purchase up to 81,224 shares of the Company’s Common Stock at $8.75 per share. On December 16, 2015, the holders of the warrants exercised all warrants outstanding on a “cashless” basis, resulting in the issuance on that date of 23,442 net shares of Common Stock. Such shares of Common Stock were issued pursuant to an exemption from registration under Section 3(a)(9) of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”), and no underwriters were used in connection with the warrant exercise. For additional information related to the warrants, see Note 10 and Note 12 of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included in this Report. The 23,442 shares issued to the holders of the warrants may be resold by such holders under an exemption from registration provided by Rule 144 under the Securities Act. Number of Security Holders According to the Company’s transfer agent, the Company had approximately 1,300 stockholders of record as of March 9, 2017. Because brokers and other institutions on behalf of beneficial stockholders hold many of the Company’s shares of Common Stock, the Company is unable to estimate the total number of beneficial stockholders represented by those record holders. Dividends No dividends have been declared or paid to date. The Company has no plans at this time to declare or pay dividends, and intends to re-invest any earnings into the acquisition of additional revenue-generating aircraft equipment. The terms of the Credit Facility prohibit the Company from declaring or paying dividends on its Common Stock, except for cash dividends in an aggregate annual amount not to exceed 50% of the Company's net income in the 8 immediately preceding fiscal year so long as immediately prior to and immediately following such dividend the Company is not in default under the Credit Facility. Stockholder Rights Plan For information regarding the Company’s stockholder rights plan, refer to Note 8 to the Company’s consolidated financial statements in Item 8 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K. Item 6. Selected Financial Data. This report does not include information described under Item 301 of Regulation S-K pursuant to the rules of the SEC that permit “smaller reporting companies” to omit such information. Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations. Overview The Company owns regional aircraft and engines, which are typically leased to customers under triple net leases with terms that are less than the useful life of the assets. A “triple net operating lease” is an operating lease under which, in addition to monthly rental payments, the lessee is generally responsible for the taxes, insurance and maintenance and repair of the aircraft arising from the use and operation of the aircraft during the term of the lease. The acquisition of such equipment is generally made using debt financing. The Company’s profitability and cash flow are dependent in large part upon its ability to acquire equipment, obtain and maintain favorable lease rates on such equipment, and re-lease or sell equipment that comes off lease. The Company is subject to the credit risk of its lessees, both as to collection of rental payments and as to performance by lessees of their obligations to maintain the equipment. Since lease rates for assets in the Company’s portfolio generally decline as assets age, the Company’s ability to maintain and grow revenue and earnings is primarily dependent upon the Company’s ability to acquire and lease additional assets. The Company’s primary uses of cash are for purchases of aircraft and engines, maintenance, debt service payments, management fees, insurance and professional fees. The Company's most significant non-cash expenses include aircraft and engine depreciation, amortization of costs associated with the Company’s indebtedness, which is included in interest expense, and, in some years, impairment provisions, which are affected by significant estimates. Critical Accounting Policies, Judgments and Estimates The Company’s discussion and analysis of its financial condition and results of operations are based upon its consolidated financial statements, which have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. The preparation of these consolidated financial statements requires management to make estimates and judgments that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, revenues and expenses, and the related disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the consolidated financial statements. In the event that actual results differ from these estimates or the Company adjusts these estimates in future periods, the Company’s operating results and financial position could be materially affected. For a discussion of Critical Accounting Policies, Judgments and Estimates, refer to Note 1 to the Company’s consolidated financial statements in Item 8 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K. For a discussion of the Company’s accounting policies regarding maintenance reserves, refer to Note 1(m) to the Company’s consolidated financial statements in Item 8 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K. Results of Operations The Company recorded net income of $1.2 million in 2016 compared to net income of $6.4 million in 2015. 9 Operating lease revenue decreased 4% to $24.5 million in 2016 from $25.5 million in 2015, primarily due to: (i) the loss of revenue from an aircraft that was involved in an accident in April 2016 and was declared a total loss, (ii) the loss of revenue from assets that were sold for cash and sold pursuant to sales-type finance leases in 2015, (iii) less revenue for an engine that was on lease during 2015 and was returned at lease end during the third quarter of 2016, and (iv) the loss of revenue from an aircraft that was returned prior to lease end, for which the Company ceased recording revenue during the second quarter of 2016. The effects of these decreases was partially offset by revenue from assets that were purchased during the third quarter of 2016 and revenue from two engines that were off lease in 2015, but on lease in 2016. During 2016, the Company also recorded a $2.1 million gain on insurance proceeds related to an aircraft that was involved in an accident and declared a total loss. During 2015, the Company recorded $6.8 million of net gains on sales, reflecting the sale of four aircraft. During 2016, the Company recorded $1.2 million of net gains on sales-type finance leases related to three aircraft, compared to net gains of $5.2 million related to five sales-type finance leases in 2015. Maintenance reserves that are retained by the Company at lease end are recorded as revenue at that time. The Company recorded no maintenance reserves revenue in 2016, compared to $0.6 million in 2015, when two aircraft were returned to the Company. During 2016, the Company acquired four aircraft. The Company added no equipment to its portfolio during 2015; however, it paid acquisition costs in 2015 related to 2014 asset acquisitions. During 2016, consistent with its policy of selling older aircraft at the appropriate time, the Company sold four regional jet aircraft that had been held for sale, and, pursuant to sales-type finance leases, an additional three turboprop aircraft that had been held for lease. During 2015, the Company sold a turboprop aircraft that had been held for sale; two turboprop aircraft were sold to their lessee; and, pursuant to sales-type finance leases, it sold an additional five turboprop aircraft that had been held for lease. Depreciation was approximately the same in 2016 and 2015. The average net book value of assets held for lease during 2016 and 2015 was approximately $163.4 million and $171.0 million, respectively. Management fees, which are based on the net book value of the Company's aircraft and engines as well as finance lease receivable balances, decreased by 7% in 2016 as compared to 2015. Average portfolio utilization increased to approximately 93% during 2016 from approximately 92% during 2015. The Company’s interest expense decreased by 13% to $5.3 million in 2016 from $6.1 million in 2015, primarily as a result of a lower average debt balance and decreased amortization of debt issuance costs during the 2016 period, the effect of which was partially offset by a higher average interest rate in 2016. The Company's maintenance expense decreased by 30% to $3.3 million in 2016 from $4.7 million in 2015, primarily as a result of a decrease in one-time maintenance performed by the Company on off-lease aircraft to prepare them for re-lease. The Company’s professional fees, general and administrative and other expenses increased by 40% to $1.7 million in 2016 from $1.2 million in 2015, primarily as a result of expenses incurred in connection with the return of three aircraft by a lessee during 2016. During 2016, the Company recorded impairment charges of (i) $0.9 million for a spare engine, based on its appraised value, (ii) $0.2 million on a second spare engine, based on its net sales value and (iii) $0.1 million related to two of its four regional jet aircraft based on a reduced sales price. During 2015, the Company recorded impairment charges of (i) $0.2 million for one of its turboprop aircraft that is held for lease, based on its appraised value, (ii) $0.8 million for its four regional jet aircraft that were held for sale, based on estimated sales proceeds, and (iii) $0.3 million for one of its turboprop aircraft that is held for sale, based on estimated proceeds to be received from a consignment vendor that is selling the aircraft in parts. 10 During 2016, the Company recorded bad debt expense of $0.8 million related to an aircraft that was returned prior to lease end and for which the Company did not receive the operating lease revenue accrued in prior periods. The Company recorded no bad debt expense during 2015. The Company’s insurance expense decreased by 25% to $0.3 million in 2016 from $0.4 million in 2015, primarily due to a reduction in premiums due to sales and fewer off-lease aircraft in 2016. During 2016, the Company reached a settlement of $0.1 million related to goods and services tax that had been accrued in 2014 and 2015 for four of the Company’s aircraft that were leased to a foreign customer. As a result of such settlement, during 2016, the Company reversed $0.4 million of other tax expense. Liquidity and Capital Resources The Company is currently financing its assets primarily through debt financing and excess cash flows. (a) Credit Facility The Company has a $150 million Credit Facility, as described in Note 6 to the Company’s consolidated financial statements in Item 8 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K. The Company was in compliance with all covenants at December 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015. Based on its current projections, the Company believes that it will be in compliance with all of its Credit Facility covenants at future calculation dates. Although the Company believes that the assumptions it has made in forecasting its compliance with the Credit Facility covenants are reasonable in light of experience, actual results could deviate from such assumptions and there can be no assurance that the Company's beliefs will prove to be correct. Among the more significant factors that could have an impact on the accuracy of the Company's covenant compliance forecasts are (i) unanticipated decreases in the market value of the Company’s assets, or in the rental rates deemed achievable for such assets that cause the Company to record an impairment charge against earnings; (ii) lessee non-compliance with lease obligations, (iii) inability to locate new lessees for returned equipment within a reasonable remarketing period, or at a rent level consistent with projected rates, (iv) inability to locate and acquire a sufficient volume of additional assets at prices that will produce acceptable net returns, (v) increases in interest rates, or (vi) inability to timely dispose of off-lease assets at prices commensurate with their market value. Although the Company believes it will continue to be in compliance with all of the Credit Facility covenants, there can be no assurance of such compliance and, in the event of any non-compliance, the Company would need to seek waivers or amendment of applicable covenants from its lenders if such compliance failure is not timely cured. Any default under the Credit Facility, if not cured in the time permitted under the facility or waived by the lenders, could result in the Company's inability to borrow any further amounts under the Credit Facility, the acceleration of the Company's obligation to repay amounts borrowed under the Credit Facility, or foreclosure upon any or all of the assets of the Company. (b) Special purpose financings In August 2016, the Company acquired, using wholly-owned special purpose entities, two regional jet aircraft, using cash and third-party financing separate from its Credit Facility. The acquisition resulted in note obligations to the third party of $9,805,600 and $9,804,300, by each of the special purpose entities, respectively, and each note bears interest at the rate of 4.455%. The note obligations require installment payments that are funded from the rent payments on the related aircraft leases through October 3, 2020 and November 7, 2020. The note obligations are collateralized by the aircraft and are recourse only to the special purpose entity borrower and its aircraft asset, subject to standard exceptions for this type of financing. Payments due under the notes consist of quarterly principal and interest. 11 (c) Cash flow The Company’s primary sources of cash are rent payments due under the Company’s operating and finance leases, maintenance reserves, which are billed monthly to lessees based on asset usage, and proceeds from the sale of aircraft and engines. The Company’s primary uses of cash are for (i) purchase of assets, (ii) Credit Facility and special purpose financing interest and principal payments, (iii) maintenance expense and reimbursement to lessees from collected maintenance reserves, (iv), management fees, and (v) professional fees, including legal, accounting and directors’ fees costs. The Company’s payments for maintenance consist of reimbursements to lessees for eligible maintenance costs under their leases and maintenance incurred directly by the Company for preparation of off-lease assets for re-lease to new customers. The timing and amount of such payments may vary widely between quarterly and annual periods, as the required maintenance events can vary greatly in magnitude and cost, and the performance of the required maintenance events by the lessee or the Company, as applicable, are not regularly scheduled calendar events and do not occur at uniform intervals throughout any calendar period. The Company’s maintenance payments typically constitute a large portion of its cash needs, and the Company may from time to time borrow additional funds under the Credit Facility to provide funding for such payments. Management fees paid by the Company are relatively predictable because they are based on the net asset value of the Company's portfolio and finance lease receivable balances. Because of this, the risk of increased costs for employee salaries and benefits, worldwide travel related to the management of the Company's aircraft portfolio, office rent, outside technical experts and other overhead expenses is entirely placed on JMC. The amount of interest paid by the Company depends primarily on the outstanding balance of its Credit Facility, which carries a floating interest rate as well as an interest rate margin, and is therefore also dependent on changes in prevailing interest rates. Interest related to the Company’s special purpose financings is payable at a fixed rate. Management believes that the Company will have adequate cash flow to meet its ongoing operational needs, including any required repayments under the Credit Facility, based upon its estimates of future revenues and expenditures, which include assumptions regarding (i) revenues for assets to be re-leased, (ii) cost and anticipated timing of maintenance to be performed, (iii) required debt payments, (iv) timely use of proceeds of unused debt capacity for additional acquisitions of income producing assets and (v) interest rates. Although the Company believes that the assumptions it has made in forecasting its cash flow are reasonable in light of experience, actual results could deviate from such assumptions. As discussed above, in “Liquidity and Capital Resources – (a) Credit Facility,” there are a number of factors that may cause actual results to deviate from such forecasts. (i) Operating activities The Company’s cash flow from operations increased by $0.8 million in 2016 compared to 2015. As discussed below, the increase in cash flow was primarily a result of increases in payments received for operating lease revenue and net security deposits, and decreases in payments for interest, aircraft insurance, maintenance and management fees. This positive effect was partially offset by decreases in payments received for maintenance reserves and increases in payments for maintenance and professional fees. Payments for operating lease revenue Rent receipts from lessees increased by $1.7 million in 2016 compared to 2015, primarily due to higher rent from assets purchased and leased to customers during 2016. As of the date of this filing, the Company is receiving no lease revenue for three aircraft and two engines that are off lease. The total book value of these assets is $11.7 million, representing 6% of the Company's total assets held for lease. In addition, an off-lease turboprop aircraft, with a book value of $1.5 million, is being held for sale and is not generating any lease revenue. 12 Payments for security deposits Net security deposits received by the Company increased by $0.8 million in 2016 compared to 2015, primarily as a result of lease deposits received in connection with aircraft purchased by the Company during the 2016 period. Payments for interest Payments for interest decreased by $0.5 million in 2016 compared to 2015 as a result of a lower average Credit Facility balance during 2016. Payment for aircraft insurance Payments for aircraft insurance decreased by $0.6 million in 2016 compared to 2015, because fewer of the Company’s assets were off lease in 2016 and as a result of a difference in the timing of premium payments that are made on a semi-annual basis. Payments for management fees Payments for management fees decreased by $0.8 million in 2016 compared to 2015, as a result of sales of aircraft during the fourth quarter of 2015 and during 2016, the effect of which was only partially offset by aircraft acquisitions during 2016, as well as a difference in the timing of payments from year to year. Payments for maintenance reserves Receipts for maintenance reserves from lessees decreased by $0.8 million in 2016 compared to 2015, primarily as a result of fewer assets for which the Company collected maintenance reserves in the 2016 period. Payments for maintenance Although maintenance expense was lower in 2016 than in 2015, payments for maintenance increased by $2.5 million in 2016 compared to 2015 as a result of a difference in the timing of payments for maintenance. Payments for professional fees Payments for professional fees increased by $0.6 million in 2016 compared to 2015 primarily as a result of expenses incurred in connection with the return of three aircraft by one of the Company’s customers. (ii) Investing activities During 2016 and 2015, the Company received net cash of $6.3 million and $14.7 million, respectively, from the sale of assets. During 2016, the Company also received $18.9 million of insurance proceeds related to the total loss of an aircraft during the period and for damage to an aircraft in 2015. During 2016, the Company used cash of $54.4 million for acquisitions of aircraft. During 2015, the Company used cash of $1.3 million for acquisition costs related to aircraft acquired during the second half of 2014. (iii) Financing activities The Company made additional borrowings of $31.3 million under the Credit Facility during 2016 and none in 2015. In 2016 and 2015, the Company repaid $31.6 million and $23.0 million, respectively, of its total outstanding debt under the Credit Facility. Such repayments were funded by excess cash flow and the sale of assets. During each of 2016 and 2015, the Company paid $0.1 million of debt issuance costs. During 2016, the Company’s special purpose entities borrowed $19.6 million and repaid $2.0 million. 13 Outlook (a) General During the global downturn, there was an overall reduction in passenger traffic in some markets where the Company’s lessees operate. This weakened the financial condition of some of these lessees, which resulted in these lessees and other carriers slowing expansion or reducing capacity. As a result, the demand for aircraft by these lessees and other carriers decreased, reducing the Company’s acquisition and remarketing opportunities. The Company does not anticipate any future weakening of the financial condition of its overall customer base, but believes that there may be further shakeouts of weaker carriers in the industry before the financial situation improves across the board. Overall, the Company continues to expect slow growth in the number of aircraft and aircraft engines needed for operation by carriers in nearly all geographic areas, especially in western Europe, as compared to periods before the global downturn, and that there will be intense competition among buyers of leased assets available for acquisition. The Company has identified three areas that could challenge the Company's growth and operating results by negatively affecting its collateral base and, therefore, its ability to access sources of financing: • • • The Company could experience (i) a delay in remarketing its assets, as well as (ii) lower rental rates for assets that are remarketed. The Company expects that the customers for four aircraft leases and two engine leases that expire in 2017 will choose to return the assets rather than renew the leases. Lessees that are located in low- or no-growth areas of the world carry heightened risk of an unanticipated lessee default. A lessee’s default and the unscheduled return of an asset to the Company for remarketing could result not only in reduced operating lease revenue but also in unanticipated, unrecoverable expenses arising from the lessee’s default on its maintenance and return condition obligations. The Company monitors the performance of all of its customers and has noted that some of the Company’s customers continue to experience weakened operating results and have not yet achieved financial stability. As a result of the current low-interest rate environment, competition in the Company's market niche has increased significantly as a result of new acquisition and leasing market entrants, some of which are funded by investment banks and private equity firms seeking higher yields on investment assets than are currently available from traditional income investment types. The increased competition has resulted in higher acquisition prices for many of the aircraft types that the Company has targeted to buy and, at the same time, has put downward pressure on lease rates, resulting in lower margins and, therefore, fewer acceptable acquisition opportunities for the Company. (b) Operating Segments The Company operates in one business segment, the leasing of regional aircraft and engines to foreign and domestic regional airlines, and therefore does not present separate segment information for lines of business. Because engine leasing is typically characterized by short-term, non-triple net leases, which result in high overall transaction costs, unpredictable off-lease periods and extensive human resource allocation to remarketing, the Company has chosen to own only a few engines that are compatible with its aircraft types. In addition to six turboprop aircraft that are subject to finance leases, at February 28, 2017, the Company's aircraft and aircraft engines that were on lease or held for lease consisted of the following: Type Turboprop aircraft Regional jet aircraft Engines 14 Number owned % of net book value 11 12 4 23% 73% 4% For the month ended February 28, 2017, approximately 28%, 19%, 15% and 14% of the Company’s operating lease revenue was derived from customers in Slovenia, Spain, Mozambique and the United States, respectively. Operating lease revenue does not include interest income from the Company’s finance leases. The table below sets forth geographic information about the Company's operating lease revenue for leased aircraft and aircraft equipment, grouped by domicile of the lessee: Region Europe North America Africa Asia Australia (c) Remarketing Efforts % of operating lease revenue Number of lessees 4 3 1 1 1 53% 24% 15% 4% 4% The Company is seeking remarketing opportunities for two turboprop aircraft and two engines that are held for lease. However, the Company may also consider selling some or all of these assets. The Company is analyzing the amount and timing of maintenance required to remarket the assets, the amount of which may differ significantly if the assets are sold rather than re-leased. The Company also owns a turboprop aircraft that is held for sale, for which the Company is seeking sales opportunities. (d) Credit Facility The unused amount of the Credit Facility was $39.9 million as of the date of this filing. Based on its current projections, the Company believes that it will be in compliance with all of its Credit Facility covenants at future calculation dates. The Company also believes that available borrowings under the Credit Facility will be sufficient to meet its continuing obligations and, if the Credit Facility is expanded from its current amount of $150 million to the maximum of $180 million, to fund anticipated acquisitions. However, there can be no assurance that the Company's beliefs will prove to be correct or that the lenders under the Credit Facility will agree to expand the Credit Facility when requested by the Company. Factors that May Affect Future Results Noncompliance with Debt Financial Covenants. The Company’s use of debt as the primary form of acquisition financing subjects the Company to increased risks associated with leverage. In addition to payment obligations, the Company’s debt agreements include financial covenants, including some requiring the Company to have positive earnings, meet minimum net worth standards and be in compliance with certain other financial ratios. Although the Company believes it will continue to be in compliance with all of the covenants under its debt agreements, there can be no assurance of such compliance, and in the event of any non-compliance, the Company would need to seek further waivers or amendments of applicable covenants from its lenders if such compliance failure is not timely cured. Any default under a debt agreement, if not cured in the time permitted or waived by the respective lender, could result in the Company's inability to borrow under the Credit Facility, the acceleration of the Company's debt obligations, or the foreclosure upon any or all of the assets of the Company. Ownership Risks. The Company’s leases typically are for a period shorter than the entire, anticipated, remaining useful life of the leased assets. As a result, the Company’s recovery of its investment and realization of its expected yield in such a leased asset is dependent upon the Company’s ability to profitably re-lease or sell the asset following the expiration of the lease. This ability is affected by worldwide economic conditions, general aircraft market conditions, regulatory changes, changes in the supply or cost of aircraft equipment, and technological developments 15 that may cause the asset to become obsolete. If the Company is unable to remarket its assets on favorable terms when the leases for such assets expire, the Company’s financial condition, cash flow, ability to service debt, and results of operations could be adversely affected. The Company typically acquires used aircraft equipment. The market for used aircraft equipment has been cyclical, and generally reflects economic conditions and the strength of the travel and transportation industry. The demand for and value of many types of used aircraft in the recent past has been depressed by such factors as airline financial difficulties, airline consolidations, the number of new aircraft on order and the number of aircraft coming off lease, as well as introduction of new aircraft models and types that may be more technologically advanced, more fuel efficient and/or less costly to maintain and operate. Values may also increase or decrease for certain aircraft types that become more or less desirable based on market conditions and changing airline capacity. In addition, a successful investment in an asset subject to a lease depends in part upon having the asset returned by the lessee in the condition as required under the lease. Each lease typically obligates a customer to return an asset to the Company in a specified condition, generally in equal or better condition than at delivery to the lessee. The Company strives to ensure this result through onsite management during the return process. If the lessee were to become insolvent during the term of its lease and the Company had to repossess the asset, however, it is unlikely that the lessee would have the financial ability to meet these return obligations. Alternatively, if the lessee filed for bankruptcy and rejected the aircraft lease, the lessee would be required to return the aircraft but would be relieved from further lease obligations, including return conditions specified in the lease. In either case, it is likely that the Company would be required to expend funds in excess of any maintenance reserves collected to return the asset to a remarketable condition. Several of the Company’s leases with financially strong lessees do not require payment of monthly maintenance reserves, which serve as the lessee’s advance payment for its future repair and maintenance obligations. If repossession due to lessee default or bankruptcy occurred under such a lease, the Company would be left with the costs of unperformed repair and maintenance under the applicable lease and the Company would likely incur an unanticipated expense in order to re-lease or sell the asset. Furthermore, the occurrence of unexpected adverse changes that impact the Company’s estimates of expected cash flows generated from an asset could result in an asset impairment charge against the Company’s earnings. The Company periodically reviews long-term assets for impairment, particularly when events or changes in circumstances indicate the carrying value of an asset may not be recoverable. An impairment charge is recorded when the carrying amount of an asset is estimated to be not recoverable and exceeds its fair value. The Company recorded impairment charges for some of its aircraft in 2015 and 2016, and may be required to record asset impairment charges in the future as a result of a prolonged weak economic environment, challenging market conditions in the airline industry, events related to particular lessees, assets or asset types or other factors affecting the value of aircraft or engines. Lessee Credit Risk. The Company carefully evaluates the credit risk of each customer and attempts to obtain a third party guaranty, letters of credit or other credit enhancements, if it deems them necessary, in addition to customary security deposits. There can be no assurance, however, that such enhancements will be available, or that, if obtained, will fully protect the Company from losses resulting from a lessee default or bankruptcy. If a lessee that is a certified U.S. airline were in default under a lease and sought protection under Chapter 11 of the United States Bankruptcy Code, Section 1110 of the Bankruptcy Code would automatically prevent the Company from exercising any remedies against such lessee for a period of 60 days. After the 60-day period had passed, the lessee would have to agree to perform the lease obligations and cure any defaults, or the Company would have the right to repossess the equipment. However, this procedure under the Bankruptcy Code has been subject to significant litigation, and it is possible that the Company’s enforcement rights would be further adversely affected by a bankruptcy filing by a defaulting lessee. Several of the Company’s customers have experienced significant financial difficulties, become insolvent, or have been declared or have filed for bankruptcy. An insolvency or bankruptcy of a customer usually results in a total loss of the receivables from that customer, as well as the Company incurring additional costs in order to repossess and, in some cases, repair the aircraft leased to the customer. The Company closely monitors the performance of all of its 16 lessees and its risk exposure to any lessee that may be facing financial difficulties, in order to guide decisions with respect to such lessee that would mitigate losses in the event the lessee is unable to meet or rejects its lease obligations. There can be no assurance that additional customers will not become insolvent or file for bankruptcy or that the Company will be able to mitigate any of the resultant losses. It is possible that the Company may enter into deferral agreements for overdue lessee obligations. When a customer requests a deferral of lease obligations, the Company evaluates the lessee’s financial plan, the likelihood that the lessee can remain a viable carrier, and whether the deferral will be repaid according to the agreed schedule. The Company may elect to record the deferred rent and reserve payments from the lessee on a cash basis, which could have a material effect on the Company’s financial results in the applicable periods. Deferral agreements with lessees also reduce the Company's borrowing capacity under its Credit Facility. Competition. The aircraft leasing industry is highly competitive. The Company competes with aircraft manufacturers, distributors, airlines and aircraft operators, equipment managers, leasing companies, equipment leasing programs, financial institutions and other parties engaged in leasing, managing or remarketing aircraft, many of which have significantly greater financial resources. The Company believes that it is competitive because of JMC’s expertise and operational efficiency in identifying and obtaining financing for the transaction types desired by regional air carriers. This market segment, which in many cases involves customers that are private companies without well-established third party credit ratings, is not well served by large financial institutions. JMC has developed a reputation as a competent global participant in this segment of the market, and the Company believes that JMC’s reputation benefits the Company. Competition in the Company's market niche, however, has increased significantly recently as a result of new entrants to the acquisition and leasing market and consolidation of certain competitors in the Company’s niche. As competition increases, it has and will likely continue to create upward pressure on acquisition prices for many of the aircraft types that the Company has targeted to buy and, at the same time, create downward pressure on lease rates, resulting in lower margins for the Company and, therefore, fewer acceptable acquisition opportunities for the Company. Risks Related to Regional Air Carriers. The Company’s continued focus on its customer base of regional air carriers subjects the Company to additional risks. Many regional airlines rely heavily or even exclusively on a code- share or other contractual relationship with a major carrier for revenue, and can face financial difficulty or failure if the major carrier terminates the relationship or if the major carrier files for bankruptcy or becomes insolvent. Some regional carriers may depend on contractual arrangements with industrial customers such as mining or oil companies, or franchises from governmental agencies that provide subsidies for operating essential air routes, which may be subject to termination or cancellation on short notice. Furthermore, many lessees in the regional air carrier market are start-up, low-capital, and/or low-margin operators. Credit Facility Debt Limitations. The amount available to be borrowed under the Credit Facility is limited by asset- specific advance rates. Lease arrearages or off-lease periods for a particular asset that is collateral under the Credit Facility may reduce the loan advance rate permitted with respect to that asset and, therefore, reduce the permitted borrowing under the facility. Amounts subject to payment deferral agreements also reduce the amount of permitted borrowing. The Company believes it will have sufficient cash funds to make any required principal repayment that arises due to any such borrowing limitations. Availability of Financing. The Company’s continued growth will depend on its ability to continue to obtain capital, either through debt or equity financings. There can be no assurance that the Company will succeed in obtaining capital in the future at terms favorable to the Company. General Economic Conditions and Lowered Demand for Travel. While the United States economy has seen substantial improvement, not all global regions are experiencing growth, and some remain in recession. The Company does not anticipate any worsening of the financial condition of its overall customer base, but believes that there may be further shakeouts of weaker carriers in economically troubled regions. A growing concern arises from the fact that much of the recent growth in demand for regional aircraft in developing countries has arisen from mineral and natural resource exploitation operations by Chinese enterprises in these countries. A future, sustained major downturn in the Chinese domestic economy that reduces demand for imported 17 raw materials could have a significant negative impact on the demand for business and regional aircraft in these developing countries, including in some of markets in which the Company does, or seeks to do, business. Furthermore, any further upheavals due to instability in the European Union (“EU”) due to “Brexit” and potential future departures of other countries from the EU could have a negative impact on intra-European carriers and the current “open-sky” policies under which they operate freely within the EU. Losing open-sky flight rights could have a significant negative impact on the health of the Company’s European lessees and, as a result, the financial performance and condition of the Company. In addition, the increased strength of the US dollar may make it more expensive for the Company’s lessees to convert their local currencies to the US dollars used to pay their US dollar-denominated lease payments. Finally, if a major flu outbreak occurs, or more terrorist attacks involving aircraft or airports occur, passengers may avoid air travel altogether, and global air travel worldwide could be significantly affected. This would have an adverse impact on many of the Company’s customers. Airline reductions in capacity in response to lower passenger loads have resulted in reduced demand for aircraft and aircraft engines and a corresponding decrease in market lease rental rates and aircraft values for many aircraft types. This reduced market value could affect the Company’s results if the market value of an asset or assets in the Company’s portfolio falls below carrying value, and the Company determines that a write-down of the value on its balance sheet is appropriate. Furthermore, if older, expiring leases are replaced with leases at decreased lease rates, the lease revenue from the Company’s existing portfolio is likely to decline, with the magnitude of the decline dependent on the length of the downturn and the depth of the decline in market rents. Economic downturns can affect certain regions of the world more than others. As the Company’s portfolio is not entirely globally diversified, a localized downturn in one of the key regions in which the Company leases assets could have a significant adverse impact on the Company. The Company’s significant sources of operating lease revenue by region are summarized in “Outlook - Operating Segments,” above. International Risks. The Company leases assets in overseas markets. Leases with foreign lessees, however, may present different risks than those with domestic lessees. Most of the Company’s expected growth is outside of North America. A lease with a foreign lessee is subject to risks related to the economy of the country or region in which such lessee is located, which may be weaker than the U.S. economy. An economic downturn in a particular country or region may impact a foreign lessee’s ability to make lease payments, even if the U.S. and other foreign economies remain stable. Foreign lessees are subject to risks related to currency conversion fluctuations. Although the Company’s current leases are all payable in U.S. dollars, the Company may agree in the future to leases that permit payment in foreign currency, which would subject such lease revenue to monetary risk due to currency fluctuations. In addition, if the Company undertakes certain obligations under a lease to contribute to a repair or improvement and if the work is performed in a foreign jurisdiction and paid for in foreign currency, currency fluctuations resulting in a weaker dollar between the time such agreement is made and the time payment for the work is made may result in an unanticipated increase in U.S. dollar-denominated cost for the Company. Even with U.S. dollar-denominated lease payment provisions, the Company could still be affected by a devaluation of the lessee’s local currency and a stronger U.S. dollar that would make it more difficult for a lessee to meet its U.S. dollar-denominated payments, increasing the risk of default of that lessee, particularly if its revenue is primarily derived in the local currency. Foreign lessees that operate internationally may also face restrictions on repatriating foreign revenue to their home country. This could create a cash flow crisis for an otherwise profitable carrier, affecting its ability to meet its lease obligations. Foreign lessees may also face restrictions on payment of obligations to foreign vendors, including the Company, which may affect their ability to timely meet lease obligations to the Company. 18 Foreign lessees are not subject to U.S. bankruptcy laws, although there may be debtor protection similar to U.S. bankruptcy laws available in some jurisdictions. Certain countries do not have a central registration or recording system which can be used to locally record the Company’s interest in equipment and related leases. This could make it more difficult for the Company to recover an aircraft in the event of a default by a foreign lessee. In any event, collection and enforcement may be more difficult and complicated in foreign countries. Finally, ownership of a leased asset operating in a foreign country and/or by a foreign carrier may subject the Company to additional tax liabilities that are not present with aircraft operated in the United States. Depending on the jurisdiction, laws governing such tax liabilities may be complex, not well formed or not uniformly enforced. In such jurisdictions, the Company may decide to take an uncertain tax position based on the best advice of the local tax experts it engages, which position may be challenged by the taxing authority. If the taxing authority later assesses a liability, the Company may be required to pay penalties and interest on the assessed amount, which penalties and interest would not give rise to a corresponding foreign tax credit on the Company’s U.S. tax return. Interest Rate Risk. The Credit Facility carries a floating interest rate based upon short-term interest rate indices. Lease rates typically, but not always, move over time with interest rates, but market demand and numerous other asset-specific factors also affect lease rates. Because the Company’s typical lease rates are fixed at lease origination, interest rate changes during the lease term have no effect on existing lease rental payments. Therefore, if interest rates rise significantly and there is relatively little lease origination by the Company following such rate increases, the Company could experience decreased net income as additional interest expense outpaces revenue growth. Further, even if significant lease origination occurs following such rate increases, other contemporaneous aircraft market forces may result in lower or flat rental rates, thereby decreasing net income. Concentration of Lessees and Aircraft Type. For the month ended February 28, 2017, the Company’s four largest customers accounted for a total of approximately 76% of the Company’s monthly lease revenue. A lease default by or collection problem with one or a combination of any of these significant customers could have a disproportionate negative impact on the Company’s financial results and borrowing base under the Credit Facility, and, therefore, the Company’s operating results are especially sensitive to any negative developments with respect to these customers in terms of lease compliance or collection. In addition, if the Company’s revenues become overly concentrated in a small number of lessees, the Company could fail to comply with certain financial covenants in its Credit Facility related to customer concentration. In the event of any non-compliance that is not cured in the time permitted under the Credit Facility, the Company would need to seek waivers or amendment of the applicable covenants if such compliance failure is not timely cured. Any default under the Credit Facility, if not cured in the time permitted under the Credit Facility or waived by the lenders, could result in foreclosure upon any or all of the assets of the Company. The Company’s aircraft portfolio is currently focused on a small number of aircraft types and models compared to the variety of aircraft used in the commercial air carrier market. A change in the desirability and availability of any of the particular types and models of aircraft owned by the Company could affect valuations of such aircraft, and would have a disproportionately significant impact on the Company’s portfolio value. Such aircraft type concentration would diminish if the Company acquires assets of other types. Conversely, acquisition of additional aircraft of types currently owned by the Company will increase the Company’s risks related to its concentration of those aircraft types. Investment in New Aircraft Types. The Company intends to continue to focus solely on regional aircraft. Although the Company has traditionally invested in a limited number of types of turboprop aircraft, the Company has also acquired several types of regional jet aircraft, and may continue to seek acquisition opportunities for new types and models of aircraft used in the Company’s targeted customer base of regional air carriers. Acquisition of aircraft types not previously acquired by the Company entails greater ownership risk due to the Company's lack of experience managing those assets. The Company believes, however, that the overall industry expertise of JMC’s personnel and its technical resources should permit the Company to effectively manage such new aircraft types. Further, the broadening of the asset types in the aircraft portfolio may have a benefit of diversifying the Company’s portfolio (see “Factors That May Affect Future Results – Concentration of Lessees and Aircraft Type,” above). Engine Leasing Risk. Because the Company believes that engine leasing, absent a long-term triple net lease, is inherently riskier than aircraft leasing, the Company does not focus on this segment. The Company, however, 19 currently has four engines in its portfolio, making up 4% of the Company’s total net book value of aircraft and aircraft engines held for lease. The Company may from time to time lease one or more of these engines to lessees under industry standard short-term engine leases that place the risk of an engine failure not caused by lessee negligence or foreign object damage upon the lessor. It is not economically practicable for an engine lessor to insure against that risk. If an engine failure occurs and is not covered by a manufacturer’s warranty or is not otherwise caused by circumstances that the lessee is required to cover, the Company’s investment in the engine could be a significant loss or the Company might incur a significant maintenance expense. Reliance on JMC. All management of the Company is performed by JMC under a Management Agreement between the Company and JMC that expires in August of 2025 and provides for an asset-based management fee. JMC is not a fiduciary of the Company or its stockholders. The Company’s Board of Directors (the “Board”) has ultimate control and supervisory responsibility over all aspects of the Company and owes fiduciary duties to the Company and its stockholders. The Board has no control over the internal operations of JMC, but the Board does have the ability and responsibility to manage the Company’s relationship with JMC and the performance of JMC's obligations to the Company under the Management Agreement, as it would have for any third party service provider to the Company. While JMC may not owe any fiduciary duties to the Company by virtue of the Management Agreement, all of the officers of JMC are also officers of the Company, and in that capacity owe fiduciary duties to the Company and its stockholders. In addition, an officer of the Company holds significant ownership positions in the Company and JHC, the parent company of JMC, and JHC is the Company's largest shareholder. Therefore, the economic interests of the Company should be aligned with the interests of JHC and JMC, and JMC should have substantial incentive to make financial decisions as the management company for the Company that are in the best interests of the Company. The Management Agreement may be terminated if JMC defaults on its obligations to the Company. However, the agreement provides for liquidated damages in the event of its wrongful termination by the Company. A director of the Company is also a director of JMC and, as discussed above, the officers of the Company are also officers of JMC, and one such officer holds significant ownership positions in both the Company and JHC, the holding company for JMC. Consequently, the director and officers of JMC may have a conflict of interest in the event of a dispute between the Company and JMC. Although the Company has taken steps to prevent conflicts of interest arising from such dual roles, such conflicts may still occur. Management Fee Structure. All decisions regarding acquisitions and disposal of aircraft from the Company’s portfolio are made by JMC. JMC is paid a management fee based on the net asset value of the Company’s portfolio. It may also receive a one-time asset acquisition fee upon purchase of an asset by the Company, and a one- time remarketing fee in connection with the sale or re-lease of an asset. Optimization of the results of the Company depends on timing of the acquisition, lease yield on the acquired assets, and re-lease or sale of its portfolio assets. Under the current management fee structure, a larger volume of acquisitions generates acquisition fees and also increases the periodic management fee by increasing the size of the aircraft portfolio. Since the Company’s current business strategy involves continued growth of its portfolio, with the intention to buy and hold assets until the appropriate time to sell them, a compensation structure that results in greater compensation with an increased portfolio size is consistent with that strategy. The compensation structure does, nonetheless, create a situation where a decision by JMC for the Company to forego an asset transaction deemed to be an unacceptable business risk due to the lessee or the aircraft type is in conflict with JMC’s own short-term pecuniary interest. As a result, the compensation structure could act in asset acquisition decision- making. However, because JMC’s sole business and source of revenue arises from and is expected to continue arising from acting as the management company for the Company, the long-term financial health and viability of the Company are important to JMC’s own long-term health and viability. Therefore, in assessing risk-taking in the Company's acquisition transactions, JMC’s and the Company’s motivations are closely aligned, as JMC is incented to make asset acquisitions that are expected to contribute to the long-term viability of the Company. In addition, the Company has established objective target guidelines for yields on acquired assets and the Company’s Board, including a majority of the outside independent directors, must approve any acquisition that involves a new asset type. While the Company currently believes the foregoing are effective mitigating factors against undue compensation-incented risk-taking by JMC, there is no assurance that such mechanisms can entirely and effectively eliminate such risk. incent greater risk-taking by JMC to 20 Government Regulation. There are a number of areas in which government regulation may result in costs to the Company. These include aircraft registration safety requirements, required equipment modifications, maximum aircraft age, and aircraft noise requirements. Although it is contemplated that the burden and cost of complying with such requirements will fall primarily upon lessees of equipment, there can be no assurance that the cost will not fall on the Company. Furthermore, future government regulations could cause the value of any non-complying equipment owned by the Company to decline substantially. Casualties, Insurance Coverage. The Company, as owner of transportation equipment, may be named in a suit claiming damages for injuries or damage to property caused by its assets. As a triple-net lessor, the Company is generally protected against such claims, since the lessee would be responsible for, insure against and indemnify the Company for such claims. A “triple net lease” is a lease under which, in addition to monthly rental payments, the lessee is generally responsible for the taxes, insurance and maintenance and repair of the aircraft arising from the use and operation of the aircraft during the term of the lease. Although the United States Aviation Act may provide some protection with respect to the Company’s aircraft assets, it is unclear to what extent such statutory protection would be available to the Company with respect to its assets that are operated in foreign countries where such provisions of the United States Aviation Act may not apply. The Company’s leases generally require a lessee to insure against likely risks of loss or damage to the leased asset, and liability to passengers and third parties pursuant to industry standard insurance policies and require lessees to provide insurance certificates documenting the policy periods and coverage amounts. The Company tracks receipt of the certificates and calendars their expiration dates. Prior to the expiration of an insurance certificate, if a replacement certificate has not been received, the Company reminds the lessee of its obligation to provide current insurance certificates to avoid a default under the lease. Despite these requirements and procedures, there may be certain cases where the loss is not entirely covered by the lessee or its insurance. The possibility of such an event is remote, but any such uninsured loss with respect to the equipment or insured loss for which insurance proceeds are inadequate might result in a loss of invested capital in and any profits anticipated from, such equipment, as well as a potential claim directly against the Company. Compliance with Future Environmental Regulations. Compliance with future environmental regulations may harm the Company’s business. Many aspects of aircraft operations are subject to increasingly stringent environmental regulations, and growing concerns about climate change may result in the imposition by the U.S and foreign governments of additional regulation of carbon emissions, aimed at either requiring adoption of technology to reduce the amount of carbon emissions or putting in place a fee or tax system on carbon emitters. It is likely that any such regulation will be directed at the Company’s customers, as operators of aircraft, or at the Company, as owners of aircraft. Under the Company’s triple-net lease arrangements, the Company would likely shift responsibility for compliance to its lessees, but there might be some costs of regulation that the Company could not shift and would itself have to bear. Although it is not expected that the costs of complying with current environmental regulations will have a material adverse effect on the Company’s financial position, results of operations, or cash flows, no assurance can be given that the costs of complying with environmental regulations adopted in the future will not have such an effect. Cyber-Security Risks. The Company believes that it has sufficient cyber-security measures in place commensurate with the risks to the Company of a successful cyber-attack or breach of security. The Company believes that its main vulnerability to a cyber-attack would be interruption of the Company’s email communications internally and with third parties, loss of customer and lease archives, and loss of document sharing between the Company’s offices and remote workers. Such an attack could temporarily impede the efficiency of the Company’s operations; however, the Company believes that sufficient replacement mechanisms exist in the event of such an interruption that there would not be a material adverse financial impact on the Company’s business. Possible Volatility of Stock Price. The market price of the Company’s common stock is subject to fluctuations following developments relating to the Company’s operating results, changes in general conditions in the economy, the financial markets, the airline industry, changes in accounting principles or tax laws applicable to the Company or its lessees, or other developments affecting the Company, its customers or its competitors, or arising from other investor sentiment unknown to the Company. Because the Company has a relatively small capitalization of approximately 1.6 million shares outstanding, there is a correspondingly limited amount of trading and float of the 21 Company’s shares. Consequently, the Company’s stock price is more sensitive to a single large trade or a small number of simultaneous trades along the same trend than a company with larger capitalization and higher trading volume and float. Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk. This report does not include information described under Item 305 of Regulation S-K pursuant to the rules of the Securities and Exchange Commission that permit “smaller reporting companies” to omit such information. Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data. (a) Financial Statements and Schedules (1) Financial statements for the Company: Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm Consolidated Balance Sheets as of December 31, 2016 and 2015 Consolidated Statements of Operations for the Years Ended December 31, 2016 and 2015 Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity for the Years Ended December 31, 2016 and 2015 Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the Years Ended December 31, 2016 and 2015 Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (2) Schedules: All schedules have been omitted since the required information is presented in the consolidated financial statements or is not applicable. 22 Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm The Board of Directors and Stockholders AeroCentury Corp. Burlingame, California We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of AeroCentury Corp. (the “Company”) as of December 31, 2016 and 2015 and the related consolidated statements of operations, stockholders’ equity, and cash flows for the years then ended. These consolidated financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these financial statements based on our audits. We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement. The Company is not required to have, nor were we engaged to perform, an audit of its internal control over financial reporting. Our audits included consideration of internal control over financial reporting as a basis for designing audit procedures that are appropriate in the circumstances, but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting. Accordingly, we express no such opinion. An audit also includes examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements, assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall financial statement presentation. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion. In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of AeroCentury Corp. at December 31, 2016 and 2015, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for the years then ended, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. San Francisco, California March 9, 2017 /s/ BDO USA, LLP 23 Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data. AeroCentury Corp. Consolidated Balance Sheets ASSETS Assets: Cash and cash equivalents Accounts receivable, including deferred rent of $604,800 and $359,200 at December 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015, respectively Finance leases receivable Aircraft and aircraft engines held for lease, net of accumulated depreciation of $32,639,600 and $31,074,600 at December 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015, respectively Assets held for sale Prepaid expenses and other December 31, December 31, 2016 2015 $ 2,194,400 $ 2,721,000 4,046,100 17,468,300 5,693,500 11,895,600 192,799,800 1,998,100 229,400 155,258,100 5,228,400 228,400 $218,736,100 $181,025,000 Total assets Liabilities: LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY Accounts payable and accrued expenses Notes payable and accrued interest, net of unamortized debt issuance costs of $1,999,900 and $2,814,000 at December 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015, respectively Maintenance reserves Accrued maintenance costs Security deposits Unearned revenues Deferred income taxes Income taxes payable Total liabilities Commitments and contingencies Stockholders’ equity: Preferred stock, $0.001 par value, 2,000,000 shares authorized, no shares issued and outstanding Common stock, $0.001 par value, 10,000,000 shares authorized, 1,629,999 shares issued, 1,566,699 outstanding Paid-in capital Retained earnings Treasury stock at cost, 63,300 shares Total stockholders’ equity $ 1,218,100 $ 1,138,400 125,837,900 29,424,100 965,000 3,933,200 1,903,900 12,830,500 123,200 107,621,600 13,230,000 382,300 3,212,600 1,957,400 12,204,200 - 176,235,900 139,746,500 - - 1,600 14,780,100 28,222,600 43,004,300 (504,100) 1,600 14,780,100 27,000,900 41,782,600 (504,100) 42,500,200 41,278,500 Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity $218,736,100 $181,025,000 The accompanying notes are an integral part of these statements. 24 AeroCentury Corp. Consolidated Statements of Operations For the Years Ended December 31, 2016 2015 $24,464,500 868,100 2,149,600 1,216,700 - 17,400 $25,467,200 489,700 6,790,700 5,179,200 589,000 17,900 28,716,300 38,533,700 9,139,700 5,339,700 5,216,400 3,285,700 1,667,600 1,226,800 835,800 309,200 (276,600) 9,062,100 6,141,400 5,581,400 4,660,600 1,187,700 1,282,300 - 409,600 187,300 26,744,300 28,512,400 1,972,000 10,021,300 750,300 3,583,700 $ 1,221,700 $ 6,437,600 $ 0.78 $ 4.17 $ 0.78 $ 4.17 1,566,699 1,566,699 1,544,285 1,544,285 Revenues and other income: Operating lease revenue, net Finance lease revenue Net gain on disposal of assets Net gain on sales-type finance leases Maintenance reserves revenue, net Other income Expenses: Depreciation Interest Management fees Maintenance Professional fees, general and administrative and other Provision for impairment in value of aircraft Bad debt expense Insurance Other taxes Income before income tax provision Income tax provision Net income Earnings per share: Basic Diluted Weighted average shares used in earnings per share computations: Basic Diluted The accompanying notes are an integral part of these statements. 25 AeroCentury Corp. Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity For the Years Ended December 31, 2016 and 2015 Common Stock Paid-in Capital Retained Earnings Treasury Stock Total Balance, December 31, 2014 $1,600 $14,780,100 $20,563,300 $(504,100) $34,840,900 Net income - - 6,437,600 - 6,437,600 Balance, December 31, 2015 1,600 14,780,100 27,000,900 (504,100) 41,278,500 Net income - - 1,221,700 - 1,221,700 Balance, December 31, 2016 $1,600 $14,780,100 $28,222,600 $(504,100) $42,500,200 The accompanying notes are an integral part of these statements. 26 AeroCentury Corp. Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows Operating activities: Net income Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities: Net gain on disposal of assets Net gain on sales-type finance leases Depreciation Provision for impairment in value of aircraft Non-cash interest Deferred income taxes Changes in operating assets and liabilities: Accounts receivable Finance leases receivable Income taxes receivable Prepaid expenses and other Accounts payable and accrued expenses Accrued interest on notes payable Maintenance reserves and accrued costs Security deposits Unearned revenue Taxes payable Net cash provided by operating activities Investing activities: Proceeds from sale of aircraft and aircraft engines held for lease, net of re-sale fees Proceeds from sale of assets held for sale, net of re-sale fees Proceeds from insurance Purchases of aircraft and aircraft engines Net cash (used in)/provided by investing activities Financing activities: Issuance of notes payable – Credit Facility Repayment of notes payable – Credit Facility Debt issuance costs Issuance of notes payable – special purpose financing Repayment of notes payable – special purpose financing Net cash provided by/(used in) financing activities Net (decrease)/increase in cash and cash equivalents Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of year Cash and cash equivalents, end of year For the Years Ended December 31, 2016 2015 $ 1,221,700 $ 6,437,600 (2,149,600) (1,216,700) 9,139,700 1,226,800 879,000 626,300 400,100 (668,200) - (10,200) (152,400) (35,400) 698,700 780,500 481,000 123,200 11,344,500 (6,790,700) (5,179,200) 9,062,100 1,282,300 1,394,000 3,582,900 (2,363,100) (44,700) (25,000) 168,500 (359,500) (155,000) 3,977,100 (745,700) 315,200 - 10,556,800 2,918,400 3,422,800 18,886,700 (54,357,600) (29,129,700) 31,300,000 (31,600,000) (65,000) 19,609,900 (1,986,300) 17,258,600 (526,600) 2,721,000 $ 2,194,400 11,100,600 3,616,400 - (1,333,700) 13,383,300 - (23,000,000) (59,600) - - (23,059,600) 880,500 1,840,500 $ 2,721,000 During the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2015, the Company paid interest totaling $4,581,400 and $5,037,900, respectively. During the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2015, the Company paid income taxes totaling $800 and $25,800, respectively. The accompanying notes are an integral part of these statements. 27 AeroCentury Corp. Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements December 31, 2016 1. Organization and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (a) The Company and Basis of Presentation AeroCentury Corp., a Delaware corporation incorporated in 1997, typically acquires used regional aircraft and engines for lease to foreign and domestic regional carriers. In August 2016, AeroCentury Corp. formed two wholly-owned subsidiaries, ACY 19002 Limited (“ACY 19002”) and ACY 19003 Limited (“ACY 19003”) for the purpose of acquiring aircraft using a combination of cash and financing separate from the parent’s credit facility. Financial information for AeroCentury Corp., ACY 19002 and ACY 19003 (collectively, the “Company”) is presented on a consolidated basis in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”) based upon the continuation of the business as a going concern. In the opinion of management, all adjustments (consisting of normal recurring accruals) considered necessary for a fair presentation have been included. All intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. Certain prior year’s amounts have been reclassified to conform to the current year’s presentation. These changes did not impact the previously report revenue, net income, stockholders’ equity or cash flows. (b) Use of Estimates The Company’s consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with GAAP. The preparation of consolidated financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosures of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the consolidated financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates. The Company bases its estimates on historical experience and on various other assumptions that are believed to be reasonable for making judgments that are not readily apparent from other sources. The most significant estimates with regard to these consolidated financial statements are the residual values and useful lives of the assets, the amount and timing of cash flows associated with each asset that are used to evaluate whether assets are impaired, accrued maintenance costs, accounting for income taxes, and the amounts recorded as allowances for doubtful accounts. (c) Cash and cash equivalents The Company considers highly liquid investments readily convertible into known amounts of cash, with original maturities of 90 days or less from the date of acquisition, as cash equivalents. (d) Aircraft Capitalization and Depreciation The Company’s interests in aircraft and aircraft engines are recorded at cost, which includes acquisition costs. Since inception, the Company has typically purchased only used aircraft and aircraft engines. It is the Company’s policy to hold aircraft for approximately twelve years unless market conditions dictate otherwise. Therefore, depreciation of aircraft is initially computed using the straight-line method over the anticipated holding period to an estimated residual value based on appraisal. For an aircraft engine held for lease as a spare, the Company estimates the length of time that it will hold the aircraft engine based upon estimated usage, repair costs and other factors, and depreciates it to the appraised residual value over such period using the straight-line method. The Company periodically reviews plans for lease or sale of its aircraft and aircraft engines and changes, as appropriate, the remaining expected holding period for such assets. Estimated residual values are reviewed and adjusted periodically, based upon updated estimates obtained from an independent appraiser. Decreases in the fair value of aircraft could affect not only the current value, discussed below, but also the estimated residual value. 28 Assets that are held for sale are not subject to depreciation and are separately classified on the balance sheet. Such assets are carried at the lower of their carrying value or estimated fair values, less costs to sell. (e) Fair Value Measurements Fair value is defined as the exchange price that would be received for an asset or paid to transfer a liability (an exit price) in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market participants on the measurement date. Valuation techniques used to measure fair value must maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs, to the extent possible. The fair value hierarchy under GAAP is based on three levels of inputs. Level 1 - Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities. Level 2 - Inputs other than Level 1 that are observable, either directly or indirectly, such as quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities; quoted prices in markets that are not active; or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data for substantially the full term of the assets or liabilities. Level 3 - Unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market activity and that are significant to the fair value of the assets or liabilities. Assets and Liabilities Measured and Recorded at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis The carrying amount of the Company's money market funds included in cash and cash equivalents was $1,348,100 and $1,946,600 at December 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015, respectively. The fair value of the Company's money market funds would be categorized as Level 1 under the GAAP fair value hierarchy. As of December 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015, there were no liabilities that were required to be measured and recorded at fair value on a recurring basis. Assets Measured and Recorded at Fair Value on a Nonrecurring Basis The Company determines fair value of long-lived assets held and used, such as aircraft and aircraft engines held for lease and assets held for sale, by reference to independent appraisals, quoted market prices (e.g., offers to purchase) and other factors. An impairment charge is recorded when the Company believes that the carrying value of an asset will not be recovered through future net cash flows and that the asset’s carrying value exceeds its fair value. Assets held for lease The Company recorded impairment charges on its assets held for lease of $905,600 and $147,500 in 2016 and 2015, respectively. Assets held for sale During 2016, the Company recorded impairment charges of $321,200 on three assets prior to their sale during the year. During 2015, the Company recorded impairment charges of $1,134,800, related to five of its assets held for sale. The fair values of such assets as of December 31, 2015 were $3,689,100. The fair value of such assets would be categorized as Level 3 under the GAAP fair value hierarchy. Fair Value of Other Financial Instruments The Company’s financial instruments, other than cash and cash equivalents, consist principally of finance leases receivable, amounts borrowed under its credit facility (the “Credit Facility”) and notes payable under special purpose financing. The fair value of accounts receivable, finance leases receivable, accounts payable and the Company’s maintenance reserves and accrued maintenance costs approximates the carrying value of these financial instruments. 29 Borrowings under the Company’s Credit Facility bear floating rates of interest that reset periodically to a market benchmark rate plus a credit margin. The Company believes the effective interest rate under the Credit Facility approximates current market rates for such indebtedness at the balance sheet date, and therefore that the outstanding principal and accrued interest of $110,183,600 and $110,435,600 at December 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015, respectively, approximate their fair values on such dates. The fair value of the Company’s outstanding balance of its Credit Facility would be categorized as Level 3 under the GAAP fair value hierarchy. The amounts payable under the Company's special purpose financing are payable through the fourth quarter of 2020 and bear a fixed rate of interest, as described in Note 6(b) to the consolidated financial statements. The outstanding balance of such financing approximates the fair value of such notes at December 31, 2016. Such fair value would be categorized as Level 3 under the GAAP fair value hierarchy. (f) Impairment of Long-lived Assets The Company reviews assets for impairment when there has been an event or a change in circumstances indicating that the carrying amount of a long-lived asset may not be recoverable. In addition, the Company routinely reviews all long-lived assets for impairment semi-annually. Recoverability of an asset is measured by comparison of its carrying amount to the future estimated undiscounted cash flows (without interest charges) that the asset is expected to generate. Estimates are based on currently available market data and independent appraisals and are subject to fluctuation from time to time. If these estimated future cash flows are less than the carrying value of an asset at the time of evaluation, any impairment to be recognized is measured by the amount by which the carrying amount of the asset exceeds its fair value. Fair value is determined by reference to independent appraisals and other factors considered relevant by management. Significant management judgment is required in the forecasting of future operating results that are used in the preparation of estimated future undiscounted cash flows and, if different conditions prevail in the future, material write-downs may occur. As discussed in (e) Fair Value Measurements above, the Company recorded impairment provisions totaling $1,226,800 and $1,282,300 in 2016 and 2015, respectively. (g) Deferred Financing Costs and Commitment Fees Costs incurred in connection with debt financing are deferred and amortized over the term of the debt using the effective interest method or, in certain instances where the differences are not material, using the straight-line method. Costs incurred in connection with the Company’s Credit Facility are deferred and amortized using the straight-line method. Commitment fees for unused funds are expensed as incurred. (h) Security deposits The Company’s leases are typically structured so that if any event of default occurs under a lease, the Company may apply all or a portion of the lessee’s security deposit to cure such default. If such application of the security deposit is made, the lessee typically is required to replenish and maintain the full amount of the deposit during the remaining lease term. All of the security deposits received by the Company are refundable to the lessee at the end of the lease upon satisfaction of all lease terms. (i) Taxes As part of the process of preparing the Company’s consolidated financial statements, management estimates income taxes in each of the jurisdictions in which the Company operates. This process involves estimating the Company’s current tax exposure under the most recent tax laws and assessing temporary differences resulting from differing treatment of items for tax and GAAP purposes. These differences result in deferred tax assets and liabilities, which are included in the balance sheet. Management also assesses the likelihood that the Company’s deferred tax assets will be recovered from future taxable income, and, to the extent management believes it is more likely than not that some portion or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized, the Company establishes a valuation allowance. To the extent the Company establishes a valuation allowance or changes the allowance in a period, the Company reflects the corresponding increase or decrease within the tax provision in the statement of operations. Significant 30 management judgment is required in determining the Company’s future taxable income for purposes of assessing the Company’s ability to realize any benefit from its deferred taxes. The Company accrues non-income based sales, use, value added and franchise taxes as other tax expense in the statements of operations. (j) Revenue Recognition, Accounts Receivable and Allowance for Doubtful Accounts Revenue from leasing of aircraft assets pursuant to operating leases is recognized on a straight-line basis over the terms of the applicable lease agreements. Deferred payments are recorded as accrued rent when the cash rent received is lower than the straight-line revenue recognized. Such receivables decrease over the term of the applicable leases. Interest income is recognized on finance leases based on the interest rate implicit in the lease and the outstanding balance of the lease receivable. Maintenance reserves retained by the Company at lease-end are recognized as maintenance reserves revenue. In instances where collectability is not reasonably assured, the Company recognizes revenue as cash payments are received. The Company estimates and charges to income a provision for bad debts based on its experience with each specific customer, the amount and length of payment arrearages, and its analysis of the lessee’s overall financial condition. If the financial condition of any of the Company’s customers deteriorates, it could result in actual losses exceeding any estimated allowances. The Company had no allowance for doubtful accounts at December 31, 2016 and 2015. (k) Comprehensive Income The Company does not have any comprehensive income other than the revenue and expense items included in the statements of operations. As a result, comprehensive income equals net income for the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2015. (l) Finance Leases As of December 31, 2016, the Company had five aircraft finance leases that contain lessee purchase options at prices substantially below the assets' estimated residual values at the exercise date for the options. Consequently, the Company considers the purchase options to be bargain purchase options and has classified the leases as sales- type finance leases for financial accounting purposes. The Company reports the discounted present value of (i) future minimum lease payments (including the bargain purchase option) and (ii) any residual value not subject to a bargain purchase option as a finance lease receivable on its balance sheet and accrues interest on the balance of the finance lease receivable based on the interest rate inherent in the applicable lease over the term of the lease. For sales-type finance leases, the Company recognizes as a gain or loss the amount equal to (i) the net book value of the aircraft less (ii) the net investment in sales-type finance leases plus any initial direct costs and lease incentives. The Company recognized interest earned on finance leases as “finance lease revenue” in the amount of $868,100 and $489,700 in 2016 and 2015, respectively. (m) Maintenance Reserves and Accrued Maintenance Costs Maintenance costs under the Company’s triple net leases are generally the responsibility of the lessees. Most of the Company’s leases require payment of maintenance reserves, which are based upon lessee-reported usage and billed monthly, and are intended to accumulate and be applied by the Company toward reimbursement of most or all of the cost of the lessees’ performance of certain maintenance obligations under the leases. Such reimbursements reduce the associated maintenance reserve liability. Maintenance reserves are characterized as either refundable or non-refundable depending on their disposition at lease-end. The Company retains non-refundable maintenance reserves at lease-end, even if the lessee has met all of its obligations under the lease, including any return conditions applicable to the leased asset, while refundable 31 reserves are returned to the lessee under such circumstances. Any reserves retained by the Company at lease end are recorded as revenue at that time. Accrued maintenance costs include (i) maintenance for work performed for off-lease aircraft, which is not related to the release of maintenance reserves received from lessees and which is expensed as incurred and (ii) lessor maintenance obligations assumed and recognized as a liability upon acquisition of aircraft subject to a lease with such provisions. (n) Recent Accounting Pronouncements In May 2014, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update No. 2014- 09 that created the new Topic 606 (“Topic 606”) in the Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”). Topic 606 also included numerous conforming additions and amendments to other Topics within the ASC. Topic 606 established new rules that affect the amount and timing of revenue recognition for contracts with customers, but does not affect lease accounting and reporting. As such, adoption of these provisions will not affect the Company's lease revenues but may affect the reporting of other of the Company's revenues. On August 12, 2015, the FASB deferred the effective date of the provisions included in Topic 606 to years commencing after December 15, 2017. Topic 606 can be adopted early for years commencing after December 15, 2016, and may be reflected using either a full retrospective method or a simplified method that does not recast prior periods but does disclose the effect of the adoption on the current period consolidated financial statements. The Company has not yet determined either the potential impact on its consolidated financial statements or the method it will elect to use in connection with the adoption of the changes included in Topic 606. In August 2014, the FASB issued ASU 2014-15, “Presentation of Financial Statements - Going Concern,” which added Subtopic 205-40 to the ASC (“Subtopic 205-40”). Subtopic 205-40 requires management to determine whether substantial doubt exists concerning the reporting entity's ability to continue as a going concern, in which case certain disclosures will be required. Subtopic 205-40 affects financial statement presentation but not methods of accounting, and is effective on a prospective basis for annual periods ending after December 15, 2016 and each reporting period thereafter, although early adoption is permitted. The Company adopted this standard in 2016 and it did not have a material impact on the consolidated financial statements. In January 2016, the Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2016-01, Financial Instruments - Overall - Recognition and Measurement of Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities, which added and amended several ASC Subtopics (“ASU 2016-01”). ASU 2016-01 affects recognition, measurement and disclosures concerning financial instruments, including changes to (i) accounting for equity investments, (ii) accounting for financial liabilities accounted for under the fair value option, (iii) measurement of fair value of financial assets and liabilities based on the exit price notion in ASC 820, and (iv) presentation and disclosure requirements for financial instruments. ASU 2016-01 is effective on a prospective basis for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2017 and each reporting period thereafter. The Company does not have any equity investments or financial liabilities accounted for under the fair value option, and does not anticipate acquiring or incurring any in the foreseeable future. The Company has not yet determined the impact of adopting ASU 2016-01 with respect to whether application of the exit price notion to measurement of the fair value of its receivables and liabilities will alter the future amount disclosed in its consolidated financial statements, but it does not believe that adoption of the provisions of ASU 2016-01 will have a substantial effect on its balance sheet or statement of operations. In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842) (“ASU 2016-02”). ASU 2016-02 is effective for public companies for years beginning after December 15, 2018, although early adoption is permitted. ASU 2016-02 substantially modifies lessee accounting for leases, requiring that lessees recognize lease assets and liabilities for leases extending beyond one year. Leases will be classified as either finance or operating, with classification affecting the pattern of expense recognition in the income statement. The new standard requires a lessor to classify leases as sales-type, finance or operating. A lease will be treated as a sale if it transfers all of the risks and rewards, as well as control of the underlying asset, to the lessee. If risks and rewards are conveyed without the transfer of control, the lease is treated as a financing. If the lessor does not convey risks and rewards or control, an operating lease results. A modified retrospective transition approach is 32 required for lessors for sales-type, direct financing, and operating leases existing at, or entered into after, the beginning of the earliest comparative period presented in the financial statements, with certain practical expedients available. The Company has reviewed those agreements under which it is the lessor, and believes that the accounting for its existing operating and sales-type leases will not be affected by adoption of Topic 842, nor does it expect classification of its future leases to be significantly affected by adoption. The Company does expect that certain pre- lease costs that are currently capitalized and amortized over operating lease terms or offset against gain on sale in sales-type leases will instead be expensed when incurred under the new standards, but since such future amounts will be based on future facts and circumstances, the Company cannot determine the future effect of such requirement. The Company does not expect to adopt Topic 842 early, and does expect to elect practical expedients in connection with its adoption, including not re-evaluating lease classification or capitalized initial direct costs on existing leases. The Company is not an obligor under any agreements that would be considered leases under Topic 842, and so would be unaffected with respect to adoption of such Topic with respect to lessee accounting. In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-13, Financial Instruments -- Credit Losses (Topic 326) (“ASU 2016- 13”), which will modify accounting for credit losses on most financial assets measured at amortized cost, including net investment in leases. Unlike current accounting, which delays credit loss recognition until a probable loss is incurred, the new model will use a current expected credit loss ("CECL") model that will estimate future credit losses over the entire term of the financial instrument. As such, it is generally expected that adoption of the CECL model will result in earlier recognition of credit losses than current GAAP. The Company will be required to adopt ASU 2016-13 for its yearly and interim periods beginning after December 15, 2019, although adoption in the preceding year and periods is permitted. The Company has not yet estimated the impact of adoption of this standard on its consolidated financial statements. In August 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-15, Statement of Cash Flows (Topic 230) (“ASU 2016-15”), which is intended to reduce diversity in practice in how certain transactions are classified in the statement of cash flows. ASU 2016-15 addresses how the following cash transactions are presented: (1) debt prepayment or debt extinguishment costs; (2) settlement of zero-coupon debt instruments; (3) contingent consideration payments made after a business combination; (4) proceeds from the settlement of insurance claims; (5) proceeds from the settlement of corporate-owned life insurance policies, including bank-owned life insurance policies; (6) distributions received from equity method investments; and (7) beneficial interests in securitization transactions. It also addresses how to present cash flows with aspects of multiple classifications. ASU 2016-15 is effective for financial statements issued for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2017, and interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption is permitted, provided that all of the amendments are adopted in the same period. The Company has not yet estimated the impact of adoption of this standard on its consolidated financial statements. 2. Finance Leases Receivable During 2016, the Company leased three turboprop aircraft pursuant to sales-type finance leases and recorded related gains totaling $1,208,100. The Company also recorded gains totaling $8,600 related to the lessee’s exercise of its purchase options under two sales-type finance leases. During 2015, the Company leased three turboprop aircraft pursuant to sales-type finance leases and recorded related gains totaling $4,262,800. The Company also amended and extended the leases for two aircraft that had been subject to operating leases, which were reclassified as sales- type finance leases, for which the Company recorded gains totaling $916,400 during 2015. 33 At December 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015, the net investment included in sales-type finance leases receivable were as follows: Gross minimum lease payments receivable Less unearned interest Finance leases receivable December 31, 2016 December 31, 2015 $20,829,200 (3,360,900) $14,074,500 (2,178,900) $17,468,300 $11,895,600 As of December 31, 2016, minimum future payments receivable under sales-type finance leases were as follows: Years ending 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 Thereafter $ 3,459,600 3,663,600 4,939,600 2,727,600 3,660,800 2,378,000 $20,829,200 3. Aircraft and Aircraft Engines Held for Lease or Sale (a) Assets Held for Lease At December 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015, the Company’s aircraft and aircraft engines held for lease consisted of the following: Type Turboprop aircraft Regional jet aircraft Engines December 31, 2016 % of net book value Number owned December 31, 2015 % of net book value Number owned 12 12 4 23% 73% 4% 16 8 5 45% 49% 6% During 2016 and 2015, the Company used cash of $54,357,600 and $1,333,700, respectively, for the purchase and capital improvement of aircraft and engines. At the time of purchase, the Company received $17,179,300 of maintenance reserves related to two aircraft; such reserves are reflected as a deduction in the amount of cash used for purchases and related acquisition costs in the investing activities section of the Company’s statement of cash flows for the year ended December 31, 2016. In April 2016, one of the Company’s turboprop aircraft was involved in an accident and was declared a total loss by the lessee’s insurer. The Company received insurance proceeds of $17,640,000 in May 2016 and recorded a gain of $2,146,500. In 2015, the Company accrued a receivable for $1,246,700 of insurance proceeds related to damage sustained on another aircraft in 2015 and received the proceeds in 2016. During 2015, the Company recorded net gains totaling $5,713,600 from the sale of two turboprop aircraft. During 2016, the Company extended the leases for six of its assets held for lease. The Company also leased two assets that had been off lease at December 31, 2015 and an aircraft that was returned during 2016. Six of the Company’s assets held for lease, comprised of four turboprop aircraft and two engines, were off lease at December 31, 2016, representing 7% of the net book value of the Company’s aircraft and engines held for lease. As 34 discussed in Note 13, the Company sold one of the turboprop aircraft under a sales-type finance lease in January 2017. As discussed in Note 13, the Company has a signed lease and deposit for another of the turboprop aircraft and expects to deliver the aircraft during the first quarter of 2017. As of December 31, 2016, minimum future lease revenue payments receivable under noncancelable operating leases were as follows: Years ending 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 Thereafter (b) Assets Held for Sale $ 26,505,700 22,727,900 22,299,700 19,665,200 12,343,000 30,908,100 $134,449,600 Assets held for sale at December 31, 2016 consist of a turboprop aircraft and three turboprop airframes being sold in parts. During 2016 and 2015, the Company received $175,300 and $313,800, respectively, from the sale of parts belonging to the airframes, which proceeds reduced the airframe’s carrying values. During 2016, the Company received an amount in excess of the carrying value for one of the airframes, and recorded a gain of $3,100. During 2016, the Company sold four regional aircraft that had been held for sale at December 31, 2015, as well as a spare engine that had been written down by $246,200 to its net sales price and classified as held for sale. The Company recorded impairment charges totaling $75,000 for two of the aircraft, based on a reduced sale price. During 2015, the Company sold a turboprop aircraft and a regional jet aircraft that had been held for sale at December 31, 2014 and recorded gains totaling $1,077,100. 4. Operating Segments The Company operates in one business segment, the leasing of regional aircraft to foreign and domestic regional airlines, and therefore does not present separate segment information for lines of business. Approximately 17% and 16% of the Company’s operating lease revenue was derived from lessees domiciled in the United States during 2016 and 2015, respectively. All revenues relating to aircraft leased and operated internationally are denominated and payable in U.S. dollars. The tables below set forth geographic information about the Company’s operating lease revenue for leased aircraft and aircraft equipment, grouped by domicile of the lessee: Operating Lease Revenue Europe and United Kingdom North America Africa Asia Australia Central and South America 35 For the Years Ended December 31, 2016 2015 $ 9,999,900 6,840,500 4,430,300 1,800,400 1,140,000 253,400 $24,464,500 $ 7,181,600 6,519,100 5,096,300 3,783,000 1,097,000 1,790,200 $25,467,200 Net Book Value of Aircraft and Aircraft Engines Held for Lease 2016 2015 December 31, Europe and United Kingdom North America Africa Off lease Asia Australia Central and South America 5. Concentration of Credit Risk $105,088,300 42,824,300 21,724.400 13,113,200 6,463,700 3,585,900 - $192,799,800 $ 44,368,100 42,162,900 27,234,800 7,443,200 27,132,800 4,376,300 2,540,000 $155,258,100 Financial instruments that potentially subject the Company to concentrations of credit risk consist principally of cash deposits and receivables. The Company places its deposits with financial institutions and other creditworthy issuers and limits the amount of credit exposure to any one party. For the year ended December 31, 2016 the Company had three significant customers, which individually accounted for 21%, 17% and 17%, respectively, of lease revenue. For the year ended December 31, 2015 the Company had three significant customers, which individually accounted for 17%, 16% and 15%, respectively, of lease revenue. At December 31, 2016, the Company had receivables from two customers totaling $2,663,400 representing 78% of the Company’s total accounts receivable. In early 2017, the Company received payments totaling $1,356,000 related to these receivables. At December 31, 2015, the Company had a receivable of $1,201,800 for an approved insurance claim related to one of the Company's turboprop aircraft that was held for sale. The Company received the insurance proceeds in early 2016. At December 31, 2015, the Company also had receivables from three customers totaling $2,719,700 representing 51% of the Company’s total accounts receivable. During 2016, the Company received payments totaling $1,820,300 related to these receivables. The Company reversed accruals in the amount of $247,100 for maintenance reserves that had not been recorded as income and wrote off the remaining $652,300 as bad debt expense. 6. Notes Payable and Accrued Interest At December 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015, the Company’s notes payable and accrued interest consisted of the following: Credit Facility: Principal Unamortized debt issuance costs Accrued interest Special purpose financing: Principal Accrued interest December 31, 2016 December 31, 2015 $110,100,000 (1,999,900) 83,600 $110,400,000 (2,814,000) 35,600 17,623,600 30,600 - - $125,837,900 $107,621,600 36 (a) Credit facility The Company's $150 million Credit Facility is provided by a syndicate of banks and is secured by all of the assets of the Company, including its aircraft and engine portfolio. The Credit Facility, which expires on May 31, 2019, can be expanded to a maximum of $180 million. The Company was in compliance with all covenants under the Credit Facility at December 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015. The unused amount of the Credit Facility was $39,900,000 and $39,600,000 as of December 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015, respectively. The weighted average interest rate on the Credit Facility was 4.15% and 3.80% at December 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015, respectively. (b) Special purpose financing In August 2016, the Company acquired two regional jet aircraft using cash and financing separate from its Credit Facility. The financing resulted in note obligations of $9,805,600 and $9,804,300, which are being paid from a portion of the rent payments on the related aircraft leases through October 3, 2020 and November 7, 2020, respectively, and which bear interest at the rate of 4.455%. The borrower under each note obligation is the special purpose entity that owns each aircraft. The notes are collateralized by the aircraft and are recourse only to the special purpose entity borrower and its aircraft asset, subject to standard exceptions for this type of financing. Payments due under the notes consist of quarterly principal and interest. The combined balance of the notes payable and accrued interest on these notes at December 31, 2016 was $17,654,200. 7. Contingencies In the ordinary conduct of the Company's business, the Company is subject to lawsuits, arbitrations and administrative proceedings from time to time. The Company believes that the outcome of any existing or known threatened proceedings, even if determined adversely, should not have a material adverse effect on the Company's business, financial condition, liquidity or results of operations. 8. Stockholder Rights Plan In December 2009, the Company’s Board of Directors adopted a stockholder rights plan granting a dividend of one stock purchase right for each share of the Company’s common stock outstanding as of December 18, 2009 and the Company entered into a rights agreement dated December 1, 2009 in connection therewith. The rights become exercisable only upon the occurrence of certain events specified in the rights agreement, including the acquisition of 15% of the Company’s outstanding common stock by a person or group in certain circumstances. Each right allows the holder, other than an “acquiring person,” to purchase one one-hundredth of a share (a unit) of Series A Preferred Stock at an initial purchase price of $97.00 under circumstances described in the rights agreement. The purchase price, the number of units of preferred stock and the type of securities issuable upon exercise of the rights are subject to adjustment. The rights expire at the close of business December 1, 2019 unless earlier redeemed or exchanged. Until a right is exercised, the holder thereof, as such, has no rights as a stockholder of the Company, including the right to vote or to receive dividends. 37 9. Income Taxes The items comprising the income tax provision are as follows: Current tax provision: Federal State Foreign Current tax provision Deferred tax provision: Federal State Deferred tax provision Total income tax provision For the Years Ended December 31, 2016 2015 $ - 800 123,200 124,000 581,200 45,100 626,300 $ - 800 - 800 3,539,900 43,000 3,582,900 $750,300 $3,583,700 Total income tax expense differs from the amount that would be provided by applying the statutory federal income tax rate to pretax earnings as illustrated below: Income tax provision at statutory federal income tax rate State tax provision, net of federal benefit Non-deductible expenses Prior year withholding tax adjustment Total income tax provision For the Years Ended December 31, 2016 2015 $670,500 45,200 34,600 - $750,300 $3,407,200 44,300 - 132,200 $3,583,700 Temporary differences and carry-forwards that give rise to a significant portion of deferred tax assets and liabilities as of December 31, 2016 and 2015 were as follows: Deferred tax assets: Maintenance reserves Current and prior year tax losses Foreign tax credit Alternative minimum tax credit Deferred maintenance, bad debt allowance and other Deferred tax assets Deferred tax liabilities: Accumulated depreciation on aircraft and aircraft engines Deferred income Net deferred tax liabilities December 31, 2016 2015 $ 6,846,800 4,016,000 77,700 45,500 62,100 11,048,100 $ 1,121,600 313,200 - 45,500 34,700 1,515,000 (23,012,800) (865,800) $(12,830,500) (12,965,900) (753,300) $(12,204,200) The current year federal operating loss carryovers of approximately $11 million will be available to offset taxable income in future years through 2036. The current year state operating loss carryovers of approximately $80,000 will be available to offset taxable income in future years through 2036. The Company expects to utilize the net operating loss carryovers remaining at December 31, 2016 in future years. 38 During the year ended December 31, 2016, the Company had pre-tax income from domestic sources of approximately $1.6 million and pre-tax income from foreign sources of approximately $388,000. The Company had no pre-tax income from foreign sources during the year ended December 31, 2015. The foreign tax credit carryover will be available to offset federal tax expense in future years through 2026. The alternative minimum tax credit will be available to offset federal tax expense in excess of the alternative minimum tax in future years and does not expire. At December 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015, the Company had no material uncertain tax positions. The Company accounts for interest related to uncertain tax positions as interest expense, and for income tax penalties as tax expense. All of the Company's tax years remain open to examination other than as barred in the various jurisdictions by statutes of limitation. 10. Computation of Earnings Per Share Basic and diluted earnings per share are calculated as follows: Net income Weighted average shares outstanding for the period Dilutive effect of warrants Weighted average diluted shares used in calculation of diluted earnings per share Basic earnings per share Diluted earnings per share For the Years Ended December 31, 2016 2015 $1,221,700 $6,437,600 1,566,699 - 1,544,285 - 1,566,699 1,544,285 $ 0.78 $ 0.78 $ 4.17 $ 4.17 Basic earnings per common share is computed using net income and the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period. Diluted earnings per common share are computed using net income and the weighted average number of common shares outstanding, assuming dilution. Weighted average common shares outstanding, assuming dilution, include potentially dilutive common shares outstanding during the period. Potentially dilutive common shares include the assumed exercise of warrants using the treasury stock method. As discussed in Note 12, the warrants were exercised on December 16, 2015 and 23,442 shares of Common Stock were issued to the warrantholders. 11. Related Party Transactions The Company’s portfolio of leased aircraft assets is managed and administered under the terms of a management agreement with JetFleet Management Corp. (“JMC”), which is an integrated aircraft management, marketing and financing business and a subsidiary of JetFleet Holding Corp. (“JHC”). Certain officers of the Company are also officers of JHC and JMC and hold significant ownership positions in both JHC and the Company. Under the management agreement, JMC receives a monthly management fee based on the net asset value of the assets under management. JMC also receives an acquisition fee for locating assets for the Company. Acquisition fees are included in the cost basis of the asset purchased. JMC may receive a remarketing fee in connection with the re-lease or sale of the Company’s assets. Remarketing fees are amortized over the applicable lease term or included in the gain or loss on sale. 39 Fees incurred during 2016 and 2015 were as follows: Management fees Acquisition fees Remarketing fees 12. Warrants For the Years Ended December 31, 2016 2015 $5,204,500 1,124,200 284,500 $5,581,400 - 871,600 As part of a previous subordinated debt financing, which was fully repaid in December 2011, the Company issued warrants to purchase up to 81,224 shares of the Company’s common stock at $8.75 per share. The warrants were exercised on December 16, 2015 on a “cashless” basis, resulting in the issuance on that date of 23,442 net shares of Common Stock to the exercising holders of the warrants. 13. Subsequent Events In January 2017, the Company sold, pursuant to a sales-type finance lease, a turboprop aircraft that was off lease at December 31, 2016 and recorded a gain of $297,400. In February 2017, the Company signed a lease and received a deposit for one of its turboprop aircraft that was off lease at December 31, 2016 and expects to deliver the aircraft during the first quarter of 2017. 40 Item 9. Changes in and Disagreements With Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure. None. Item 9A. Controls and Procedures. CEO and CFO Certifications. Attached as exhibits to this Annual Report on Form 10-K (the “Report”) are certifications of the Company’s Chief Executive Officer (the “CEO”) and the Company’s Chief Financial Officer (the “CFO”), which are required pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (the “Section 302 Certifications”). This section of the Report includes information concerning the evaluation of disclosure controls and procedures referred to in the Section 302 Certifications and this should be read in conjunction with the Section 302 Certifications for a more complete understanding of the topics presented. Evaluation of the Company’s Disclosure Controls and Procedures. Disclosure controls and procedures (the “Disclosure Controls”) are controls and other procedures that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed in the Company’s reports filed under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (the “Exchange Act”), such as this Report, is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the rules and forms of the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) and that such information is accumulated and communicated to the Company’s management, including the CEO and CFO, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. The Company’s management, with the participation of the CEO and CFO, evaluated the effectiveness of the design and operation of the Company’s Disclosure Controls and concluded that the Company’s Disclosure Controls were effective as of December 31, 2016. Management’s Annual Report on the Company’s Internal Control Over Financial Reporting. Internal control over financial reporting (“Internal Control”) is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles and includes policies and procedures that (1) pertain to the maintenance of records that in reasonable detail accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the Company; (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors; and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use or disposition of the Company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements. The Company’s management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate Internal Control. Because of its inherent limitations, any system of internal control over financial reporting, no matter how well designed, may not prevent or detect misstatements due to the possibility that a control can be circumvented or overridden or that misstatements due to error or fraud may occur that are not detected. Also, because of changes in conditions, internal control effectiveness may vary over time. Management evaluated the Company’s Internal Control based on the framework set forth by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission in Internal Control – Integrated Framework (2013) and concluded that the Company’s Internal Control was effective as of December 31, 2016. This report does not include an attestation report on Internal Control by the Company’s independent registered public accounting firm since the Company is a smaller reporting company under the rules of the SEC. Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting. No change in Internal Control occurred during the fiscal quarter ended December 31, 2016 that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company’s Internal Control. Item 9B. Other Information. None. 41 Item 10. Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance. PART III The information required by this item is included under (i) “Proposal 1: Election of Directors” as it relates to members of the Company’s Board of Directors, including the Company’s Audit Committee and the Company’s Audit Committee financial experts, any changes to procedures by which security holders may recommend nominees to the Company’s Board of Directors, (ii) “Information Regarding the Company’s Directors and Officers” as it relates to the Company’s executive officers, and (iii) “Section 16(a) Beneficial Ownership Reporting Compliance” as it relates to information concerning Section 16(a) beneficial ownership reporting compliance, in the Company’s definitive proxy statement (“Proxy Statement”), to be filed in connection with the Company’s 2017 Annual Meeting of Stockholders, and is incorporated herein by reference. The Company has adopted a code of business conduct and ethics, or code of conduct. The code of conduct qualifies as a “code of ethics” within the meaning of Section 406 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 and the rules promulgated thereunder. A copy of the code of conduct is available on the Company’s website at http://www.aerocentury.com or upon written request to the Investor Relations Department, 1440 Chapin Avenue, Suite 310, Burlingame, California 94010. To the extent required by law, any amendments to, or waivers from, any provision of the code will be promptly disclosed publicly. To the extent permitted by such requirements, the Company intends to make such public disclosure on its website in accordance with SEC rules. Item 11. Executive Compensation. Incorporated by reference to the section of the Proxy Statement entitled “Information Regarding the Company’s Directors and Officers — Employee Compensation.” Item 12. Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters. Incorporated by reference to the section of the Proxy Statement entitled “Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management.” Item 13. Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence. Incorporated by reference to the section of the Proxy Statement entitled “Related Party Transactions.” Item 14. Principal Accountant Fees and Services. Incorporated by reference to the section of the Proxy Statement entitled “Information Regarding Auditors – Audit Fees.” 42 Item 15. Exhibits. (b) Exhibits Exhibit Number PART IV Description 3.1 10.25 10.26 10.27 10.28 10.29 10.30 10.31 10.32 31.1 31.2 32.1* 32.2* Amended and Restated Bylaws of the Company, incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 3.1 of the Company’s Report on Form 8-K, filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on November 22, 2016 Policy of Sale Agreement between ACY SN 19002 Limited ("ACY 19002") and Aviacion RCII LLC, A.I.E ("Aviacion"), dated August 4, 2016, incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.25 to the Company’s Report on Form 10-Q for the Quarter ended June 30, 2016 filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on August 11, 2016 (the “3Q 2016 10-Q”) Policy of Sale Agreement between ACY SN 19003 Limited ("ACY 19003") and Aviacion dated August 4, 2016, incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.26 to the 3Q 2016 10-Q Senior Loan Agreement between ACY 19002 and Export Development Canada ("EDC"), dated August 4, 2016, incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.27 to the 3Q 2016 10-Q Senior Loan Agreement between ACY 19003 and EDC, dated August 4, 2016, incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.28 to the 3Q 2016 10-Q Deed of Guarantee between the Company and EDC, dated August 4, 2016, with respect to ACY 19002, incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.29 to the 3Q 2016 10-Q Deed of Guarantee between the Company and EDC, dated August 4, 2016, with respect to ACY 19003, incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.30 to the 3Q 2016 10-Q and GOAL Aircraft Sale Verwaltungsgesellschaft MbH & Co. Projekt Nr. 32KG, dated September 15, 2016, incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 99.1 to the Company’s Report on Form 8-K/A, filed with the SEC on September 21, 2016 Aircraft Sale and GOAL Verwaltungsgesellschaft MbH & Co. Projekt Nr. 33KG, dated September 15, 2016, incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 99.2 to the Company’s Report on Form 8-K/A, filed with the SEC on September 21, 2016 Certification of Toni M. Perazzo, Interim Chief Executive Officer, pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 Certification of Toni M. Perazzo, Chief Financial Officer, pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 Certification of Toni M. Perazzo, Interim Chief Executive Officer, pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 Certification of Toni M. Perazzo, Chief Financial Officer, pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 and Purchase Agreement, and Purchase Agreement, the Company the Company between between 101.INS XBRL Instance Document 101.SCH XBRL Schema Document 101.CAL XBRL Calculation Linkbase Document 101.LAB XBRL Label Linkbase Document 101.PRE XBRL Presentation Linkbase Document 101.DEF XBRL Definition Linkbase Document * These certificates are furnished to, but shall not be deemed to be filed with, the Securities and Exchange Commission. Item 16. Form 10-K Summary. None. 43 Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized. SIGNATURES AEROCENTURY CORP. By /s/ Toni M. Perazzo Toni M. Perazzo Senior Vice President-Finance and Chief Financial Officer Date March 9, 2017 POWER OF ATTORNEY KNOW ALL PERSONS BY THESE PRESENTS, that each person whose signature appears below constitutes and appoints Toni M. Perazzo, or her attorneys-in-fact, with the power of substitution, for her in any and all capacities, to sign any amendments to this Report on Form 10-K and to file the same, with exhibits thereto and other documents in connection therewith, with the Securities and Exchange Commission, hereby ratifying and confirming all that said attorneys-in-fact, or her substitute or substitutes, may do or cause to be done by virtue hereof. Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the Registrant and in the capacities indicated. Signature Title Dated /s/ Michael G. Magnusson President of the Registrant (Principal Executive Officer) Michael G. Magnusson March 9, 2017 /s/ Toni M. Perazzo Toni M. Perazzo /s/ Evan M. Wallach Evan M. Wallach Director and Senior Vice President-Finance and Secretary of the Registrant (Principal Financial and Accounting Officer) March 9, 2017 Director and Chairman of the Board of Directors of the Registrant March 9, 2017 /s/ Roy E. Hahn Roy E. Hahn Director /s/ David P. Wilson David P. Wilson Director March 9, 2017 March 9, 2017 44 CORPORATE INFORMATION Officers and Directors Michael G. Magnusson President Transfer Agent and Registrar Continental Stock Transfer and Trust Company 17 Battery Place, 8th Floor New York, NY 10004 Toni M. Perazzo Director, Chief Financial Officer, Secretary, and Senior Vice President - Finance Legal Counsel Morrison & Foerster LLP 755 Page Mill Road Palo Alto, CA 94304 Christopher B. Tigno General Counsel Roy E. Hahn, Director, Audit Committee Chair Managing Director of Marbridge Group, LLC Evan M. Wallach, Chairman of the Board President and Chief Executive Officer of Global Airfinance Corporation David P. Wilson, Director Retired Senior Vice President of GE Capital Aviation Services Registered Independent Public Accountants BDO USA, LLP One Bush Street, Suite 1800 San Francisco, CA 94104 Corporate Headquarters AeroCentury Corp. 1440 Chapin Ave., Suite 310 Burlingame, CA 94010 Annual Meeting The Annual Meeting of Stockholders will be held at: The Hiller Aviation Museum 601 Skyway Road San Carlos, CA, on May 3, 2017 at 12:00 P.M. Form 10-K The Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for 2016 may be obtained by writing: AeroCentury Corp. 1440 Chapin Ave., Suite 310 Burlingame, CA 94010 Stock Price and Shareholder Data The Company’s common stock is traded on the NYSE MKT exchange under the symbol ACY. Annual Report Cover 3-10 3/3/10 11:55 AM Page 1 Worldwide • Regional Aircraft • Leasing AeroCentury Corp. 1440 Chapin Ave., Suite 310 Burlingame, CA 94010 650-340-1888 Fax: 650-696-3929 www.aerocentury.com 2016 Annual Report 

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