UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
FORM 10-K
(Mark One)
☒ ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2020
or
☐ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the transition period from to
Commission File Number: 001-07434
Aflac Incorporated
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
Georgia
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)
1932 Wynnton Road
(Address of principal executive offices)
Columbus
Georgia
58-1167100
(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)
31999
(ZIP Code)
Registrant’s telephone number, including area code: 706.323.3431
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
Title of each class
Common Stock, $.10 Par Value
Trading Symbols(s)
AFL
Name of each exchange on which registered
New York Stock Exchange
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. þ Yes ¨ No
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act. ¨ Yes þ No
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: None
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12
months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90
days. þ Yes ¨ No
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (Section
232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). þ Yes ¨ No
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth
company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and "emerging growth company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.
Large accelerated filer
Non-accelerated filer
☑
☐
Accelerated filer
Smaller reporting company
Emerging growth company
☐
☐
☐
If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial
accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has filed a report on and attestation to its management’s assessment of the effectiveness of its internal control over financial
reporting under Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (15 U.S.C. 7262(b)) by the registered public accounting firm that prepared or issued its audit report. ☑
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Act). ☐ Yes ☑ No
The aggregate market value of the voting common stock held by non-affiliates of the registrant as of June 30, 2020, was $25,577,863,783.
The number of shares of the registrant’s common stock outstanding at February 17, 2021, with $.10 par value, was 688,587,083.
Certain information contained in the Notice and Proxy Statement for the Company’s 2021 Annual Meeting of Shareholders is incorporated by reference into Part III hereof.
Documents Incorporated By Reference
Aflac Incorporated
Annual Report on Form 10-K
For the Year Ended December 31, 2020
Table of Contents
PART I
PART II
PART III
PART IV
Item 1.
Business
Item 1A.
Risk Factors
Item 1B.
Unresolved Staff Comments
Item 2.
Item 3.
Item 4.
Item 5.
Item 6.
Item 7.
Properties
Legal Proceedings
Mine Safety Disclosures
Market For Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of
Equity Securities
Selected Financial Data
Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
Item 7A.
Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk
Item 8.
Item 9.
Financial Statements and Supplementary Data
Changes in and Disagreements With Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure
Item 9A.
Controls and Procedures
Item 9B.
Other Information
Item 10.
Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance
Item 11.
Executive Compensation
Item 12.
Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder
Matters
Item 13.
Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence
Item 14.
Principal Accounting Fees and Services
Item 15.
Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules
Item 16.
Form 10-K Summary
Glossary of Select Terms
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Item 1. Business
FORWARD-LOOKING INFORMATION
PART I
The Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 provides a safe harbor to encourage companies to provide prospective information, so long as
those informational statements are identified as forward-looking and are accompanied by meaningful cautionary statements identifying important
factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from those included in the forward-looking statements. Aflac Incorporated and its
subsidiaries (the Company) desire to take advantage of these provisions. This report contains cautionary statements identifying important factors
that could cause actual results to differ materially from those projected herein, and in any other statements made by Company officials in
communications with the financial community and contained in documents filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC). Forward-
looking statements are not based on historical information and relate to future operations, strategies, financial results or other developments.
Furthermore, forward-looking information is subject to numerous assumptions, risks and uncertainties. In particular, statements containing words
such as the ones listed below or similar words, as well as specific projections of future results, generally qualify as forward-looking. The Company
undertakes no obligation to update such forward-looking statements.
• expect
• may
• will
• anticipate
• should
• assumes
• believe
• estimate
• potential
• goal
• intends
• target
• objective
• projects
• outlook
The Company cautions readers that the following factors, in addition to other factors mentioned from time to time, could cause actual results to differ
materially from those contemplated by the forward-looking statements:
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difficult conditions in global capital markets and the economy, including those caused by COVID-19
defaults and credit downgrades of investments
exposure to significant interest rate risk
concentration of business in Japan
limited availability of acceptable yen-denominated investments
foreign currency fluctuations in the yen/dollar exchange rate
differing judgments applied to investment valuations
significant valuation judgments in determination of expected credit losses recorded on the Company's investments
decreases in the Company's financial strength or debt ratings
decline in creditworthiness of other financial institutions
the effects of COVID-19, and any resulting economic effects and government interventions, on the Company's business and financial results
ability to attract and retain qualified sales associates, brokers, employees, and distribution partners
deviations in actual experience from pricing and reserving assumptions
ability to continue to develop and implement improvements in information technology systems
interruption in telecommunication, information technology and other operational systems, or a failure to maintain the security, confidentiality
or privacy of sensitive data residing on such systems
subsidiaries' ability to pay dividends to the Parent Company
inherent limitations to risk management policies and procedures
concentration of the Company's investments in any particular single-issuer or sector
events related to the Japan Post investigation and other matters
tax rates applicable to the Company may change
failure to comply with restrictions on policyholder privacy and information security
extensive regulation and changes in law or regulation by governmental authorities
competitive environment and ability to anticipate and respond to market trends
catastrophic events including, but not necessarily limited to, epidemics, pandemics (such as the coronavirus COVID-19), tornadoes,
hurricanes, earthquakes, tsunamis, war or other military action, terrorism or other acts of violence, and damage incidental to such events
ability to protect the Aflac brand and the Company's reputation
ability to effectively manage key executive succession
changes in accounting standards
level and outcome of litigation
allegations or determinations of worker misclassification in the United States
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Item 1. Business
ITEM 1. BUSINESS
OVERVIEW
Aflac Incorporated (the Parent Company) was incorporated in 1973 under the laws of the state of Georgia. The Parent Company and its subsidiaries
(collectively, the Company) provide financial protection to more than 50 million people worldwide. The Company’s principal business is supplemental
health and life insurance products with the goal to provide customers the best value in supplemental insurance products in the United States (U.S.)
and Japan. When a policyholder or insured gets sick or hurt, the Company pays cash benefits fairly and promptly for eligible claims. Throughout its
65 year history, the Company’s supplemental insurance policies have given policyholders the opportunity to focus on recovery, not financial stress.
Given the acquisitions completed by Aflac U.S. in 2019 and 2020, the Company is expanding its U.S. product offerings to network dental and vision
and employer paid group life and disability.
The Company has continued to evolve and innovate throughout its 65 year history. In recent years, the Company has been investing in new
distribution opportunities through acquisitions and partnerships. During 2020, in response to the onset and development of the global COVID-19
pandemic, the Company pivoted to digital sales methods and accelerated related digital investments. For information on the Company’s response to
COVID-19, see the Executive Summary section of Item 7. Management Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
(MD&A).
The Company is authorized to conduct insurance business in all 50 states, the District of Columbia, several U.S. territories and Japan. The
Company’s website is: www.aflac.com. Information included on the Company’s website is not incorporated by reference into this filing. The
Company makes available free of charge through its website, its annual report on Form 10-K, its quarterly reports on Form 10-Q, current reports on
Form 8-K, and amendments to those reports as soon as reasonably practicable after they have been electronically filed with or furnished to the
Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC).
REVENUE-GENERATING ACTIVITIES
The Company's strategy for growth in the U.S. and Japan has remained straightforward and consistent for many years. The Company develops
relevant supplemental insurance products and sells them through expanded distribution channels. To help promote its insurance products, the
Company’s marketing campaigns feature the Aflac Duck.
LONG-TERM GROWTH STRATEGY
In 1999, the Company had been running commercials for nearly a decade, but its brand awareness was hovering at about 10%. An innovative
marketing campaign with something unique and memorable that would build brand awareness was needed. The Aflac Duck’s first commercial in the
U.S., “Park Bench,” aired on January 1, 2000 and taught consumers how to pronounce “Aflac.” The Aflac Duck made his international debut in
Japan in 2003. In the two decades since his U.S. debut, the Aflac Duck has become one of the most familiar advertising icons in the world,
appearing in several
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Item 1. Business
commercials and countless print ads in both the U.S. and Japan. Today, the Aflac Duck is a helpmate who increases brand knowledge and
connection.
The Company's insurance business consists of two reporting segments: Aflac Japan and Aflac U.S. The primary insurance subsidiary in the Aflac
Japan segment is Aflac Life Insurance Japan Ltd. Aflac U.S includes the insurance subsidiaries American Family Life Assurance Company of
Columbus (Aflac); Continental American Insurance Company (CAIC), branded as Aflac Group Insurance (AGI); American Family Life Assurance
Company of New York (Aflac New York); and Tier One Insurance Company (TOIC); as well as Argus Dental & Vision, Inc. (Argus), which is licensed
as a third party administrator in most U.S. jurisdictions and as a pre-paid limited health service organization in Florida.
In November 2020, the Company, through its insurance subsidiaries Aflac and Aflac New York, acquired Zurich North America’s U.S. Corporate Life
and Pensions business, which consists of group life, disability and absence management products. Aflac and Aflac New York agreed to reinsure on
an indemnity basis Zurich North America’s U.S. in-force group life and disability policies with annualized earned premium of over $100 million. Aflac
also acquired assets needed to support the group life and disability business, along with an absence management platform.
In November 2019, the Company acquired Argus Holdings, LLC and its subsidiary Argus Dental & Vision, Inc. (Argus), a benefits management
organization and national network dental and vision company, which provides a platform for Aflac Dental and Vision. Argus is an addition to the Aflac
U.S. segment.
Aflac Japan is the principal contributor to the Parent Company’s consolidated earnings. Aflac Japan's revenues, including realized gains and losses
on its investment portfolio, accounted for 68% of the Company's total revenues in 2020, compared with 69% in 2019 and 70% in 2018. The
percentage of the Company's total assets attributable to Aflac Japan was 83% at both December 31, 2020 and 2019.
For information on the Company's results of operations and financial information by segment, see Item 7. MD&A and Note 2 of the Notes to the
Consolidated Financial Statements in this report.
AFLAC JAPAN
Aflac Japan is the largest insurer in Japan in terms of cancer and medical (third sector insurance products) policies in force. As of December 31,
2020, Aflac Japan exceeded 24 million individual policies in force in Japan. Aflac Japan continued to be the number one seller of cancer insurance
policies in Japan throughout 2020, with more than 15 million cancer policies in force as of December 31, 2020.
Insurance Products
Aflac Japan's third sector insurance products are designed to help consumers pay for medical and nonmedical costs that are not reimbursed under
Japan's national health insurance system. Changes in Japan's economy and an aging population have put increasing pressure on Japan's national
health care system. As a result, more costs have been shifted to Japanese consumers, who in turn have become increasingly interested in
insurance products that help them manage those costs. Aflac Japan has responded to this consumer need by enhancing existing products and
developing new products. The focus at Aflac Japan remains on maintaining leadership in third sector insurance products that are less interest rate
sensitive and have strong and stable margins. At the same time, Aflac Japan complements this core business with similarly profitable first sector
protection products as outlined below.
THIRD SECTOR INSURANCE
▪
Cancer
▪ Medical
▪
Income Support
Protection type:
Term Life
▪
▪ Whole Life
▪ GIFT
FIRST SECTOR INSURANCE
Life insurance products include:
Savings type:
▪ WAYS
▪
Child Endowment
Cancer Insurance Aflac Japan pioneered the cancer insurance market in Japan in 1974, and remains the number one provider of cancer
insurance in Japan today. Aflac Japan's cancer insurance products provide a lump-sum benefit upon initial diagnosis of cancer and fixed daily
benefits for subsequent hospitalization and outpatient treatments due to cancer, as well as cancer-related surgical and convalescent care benefits.
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Item 1. Business
Medical Insurance Aflac Japan's medical insurance products provide benefits for hospitalization, surgeries and outpatient treatment of various
illnesses, as well as lump sum benefits related to three critical illnesses: cancer, heart attack, and stroke.
Income Support Insurance Aflac Japan's Income Support Insurance provides fixed-benefit amounts in the event that a policyholder is unable to
work due to significant illness or injury and was developed to supplement the disability coverage within Japan’s social security system.
Whole Life Aflac Japan launched Prepare Smart Whole-Life Insurance in 2018, a whole life insurance product with low cash surrender value,
which offers non-smoking policyholders further discounted premiums, and it provides beneficiaries, typically a designated family member, with a pre-
determined benefit payment upon the death of the insured.
GIFT GIFT is a term life insurance product that provides a designated family member with a fixed amount of money every month upon a
breadwinner’s death or serious disability as family support.
WAYS and Child Endowment WAYS is an insurance product which has features that allow policyholders to convert a portion of their life
insurance to medical, nursing care or fixed annuity benefits at a predetermined age. Aflac Japan's child endowment insurance product offers a death
benefit until a child reaches age 18. This product also pays a lump-sum at the time of the child's entry into high school, as well as an educational
annuity for each of the four years during his or her college education. Beginning in 2013, Aflac Japan began to curtail sales of WAYS and Child
Endowment, first sector savings-type products, due to persistent low interest rates in Japan and, in particular, the relatively large capital commitment
required by such products and their lower profitability, in such an environment.
Distribution Channels
Traditional Sales Channel This distribution channel includes individual agencies, independent corporate agencies and affiliated corporate
agencies. Aflac Japan was represented by more than 8,500 sales agencies at the end of 2020, with approximately 112,000 licensed sales
associates employed by those agencies, including individual agencies.
Banks Consumers in Japan rely on banks to provide not only traditional bank services, but also as one key source to provide insurance solutions
and other services. By the end of 2020, Aflac Japan had agreements with approximately 90% of the total number of banks in Japan to sell its
products.
Dai-ichi Life Aflac Japan's alliance with Dai-ichi Life was launched in 2001, and approximately 40,000 Dai-ichi Life representatives offer Aflac's
cancer products.
Japan Post Group Aflac Japan's alliance with Japan Post Group was launched in 2008. After the alliance strengthened in 2013, the number of
postal outlets of Japan Post Co. Ltd. (JPC) selling Aflac Japan's cancer product increased to more than 20,000 since 2015. Japan Post Insurance
Co., Ltd. (JPI) offers Aflac Japan cancer products through its 76 directly managed offices. In 2018, the Company entered a strategic alliance with
Japan Post Holdings Co., Ltd. (Japan Post Holdings), the parent company of Japan Post Co. Ltd (JPC) and Japan Post Insurance Co., Ltd. (JPI).
See the "Aflac Japan Segment" subsection of MD&A for more about this alliance.
Daido Life In 2013, Aflac Japan and Daido Life Insurance entered into an agreement for Daido to sell Aflac Japan's cancer insurance products
specifically to the Hojinkai market, which is an association of small businesses. Currently, Daido also sells Aflac Japan's cancer insurance products
to the market in the tax payment association, which is a not-for-profit association for small businesses to support tax related matters.
Competitive Markets
The Company competes with other insurance carriers through policyholder service, price, product design and sales efforts, as the number of
insurance companies offering stand-alone cancer and medical insurance has more than doubled since the deregulation of the Japan market in 2001.
However, based on Aflac Japan's size of annualized premiums in force and diversified distribution network, the Company does not believe that Aflac
Japan's market-leading position has been significantly impacted by increased competition. Furthermore, the Company believes the continued
development and maintenance of operating efficiencies will allow Aflac Japan to offer affordable products that appeal to consumers. The Company
believes Aflac Japan will remain a leading provider of cancer and medical insurance coverage in Japan, principally due to its experience in the
market, well-known brand, low-cost operations, expansive marketing system and product expertise.
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Item 1. Business
Government Regulation
Financial Services Agency (FSA) The financial and business affairs of Aflac Japan are subject to examination by Japan's FSA. Aflac Japan files
annual reports and financial statements for the Japanese insurance operations based on a March 31 fiscal year end, prepared in accordance with
Japanese regulatory accounting practices prescribed or permitted by the FSA. Japanese regulatory basis earnings are determined using accounting
principles that differ materially from U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (U.S. GAAP). Capital and surplus of Aflac Japan, based on
Japanese regulatory accounting practices, was $9.0 billion at December 31, 2020, compared with $7.8 billion at December 31, 2019. Two FSA
regulations applicable to Aflac Japan are outlined below.
▪
•
Privacy and Cybersecurity
With regard to personal information obtained from policyholders, the insured, or others, Aflac Japan is regulated in Japan by the Act on the
Protection of Personal Information (APPI) and guidelines issued by FSA and other governmental authorities. The FSA updated its guidelines
regarding cybersecurity in October 2018.
FSA Solvency Standard
The FSA maintains a solvency standard, the solvency margin ratio (SMR), which is used by Japanese regulators to monitor the financial
strength of insurance companies. Aflac Japan's SMR is sensitive to interest rate, credit spread and foreign exchange rate changes. See the
Liquidity and Capital Resources section of Item 7. MD&A for additional information on SMR, including a discussion of measures the
Company has taken to mitigate the sensitivity of Aflac Japan's SMR.
Japan Companies Act After the conversion of Aflac Japan to a subsidiary structure on April 1, 2018 and starting in the fourth quarter of 2018,
Aflac Japan distributes dividends to the Parent Company. Such dividends are subject to permitted dividend capacity under the Japanese Corporate
Law.
Policyholder Protection The Japanese insurance industry has a policyholder protection corporation that provides funds for the policyholders of
insolvent insurers. For additional information, see the policyholder protection section of the MD&A.
For additional information regarding Aflac Japan's operations and regulations, see the "Aflac Japan Segment" subsection of the MD&A and Notes 2
and 13 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements in this report.
The Company designs its U.S. insurance products to provide supplemental coverage for people who already have major medical or primary
insurance coverage, as Aflac U.S. insurance policies pay benefits regardless of other insurance. Aflac U.S. products are distributed in the individual
and group supplemental insurance markets. Aflac's individual policies are portable, meaning that individuals may retain their full insurance coverage
upon separation from employment or affiliation with a group, generally at the same premium. Individual policies are typically guaranteed-renewable
for the lifetime of the policyholder (to age 75 for short-term disability policies).
AFLAC U.S.
Insurance Products
▪
▪
▪
Cancer
Accident
Disability
▪
▪
▪
Critical Illness
Hospital Indemnity
Dental
▪
▪
Vision
Life
Cancer Insurance Aflac U.S.'s cancer insurance products provide a lump-sum benefit upon initial diagnosis of cancer and subsequent benefits
for treatment received due to cancer. Aflac U.S. offers cancer insurance on an individual basis.
Accident Insurance Aflac U.S. offers accident coverage on both an individual and group basis. These policies pay cash benefits in the event of a
covered injury. The accident portion of the policy includes lump-sum benefits for accidental death, dismemberment and specific injuries as well as
fixed benefits for hospital confinement. Additional benefits are also available for home modifications, wellness and increased benefits for injuries
related to participation in an organized sporting activity.
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Item 1. Business
Disability Insurance Aflac U.S. offers short-term disability benefits on both an individual and group basis and long-term disability benefits on a
group basis. The individual short-term disability product offers an Aflac Value Rider that pays a benefit, less claims, for every consecutive five-year
term that the policy is in force.
Critical Illness Insurance Aflac U.S. offers coverage for critical illness plans on both an individual and group basis. These policies are designed
to pay cash benefits in the event of critical illnesses such as heart attack, stroke or cancer.
Hospital Indemnity Insurance Aflac U.S. offers hospital indemnity coverage on both an individual and group basis. Hospital indemnity products
provide policyholders fixed dollar benefits triggered by hospitalization due to accident or sickness. Indemnity benefits for inpatient and outpatient
surgeries, as well as various other diagnostic events, are also available. Aflac U.S. also offers a lump sum rider for a range of critical illness events
that can be added to its individual accident, short-term disability and hospital indemnity products.
Dental and Vision Insurance Aflac U.S. offers network dental and vision products on a group basis. Aflac U.S. offers fixed-benefit dental
coverage on both an individual and group basis. Aflac U.S. offers Vision Now , an individually issued policy which provides benefits for serious eye
health conditions and loss of sight as well as coverage for corrective eye materials and exam benefits.
SM
Life Aflac U.S. offers term- and whole-life policies on both an individual and group basis.
Seasonality
In recent years, new annualized premium sales are generally higher in the fourth quarter for Aflac U.S. group business due to the timing of open
enrollment for many employers. As a result, approximately half of total new annualized premium sales for Aflac U.S. are generated in the fourth
quarter.
Distribution Channels
Independent Associates/Career Agents The career agent channel in Aflac U.S. focuses on marketing Aflac to the small business market,
defined as employers of between three and 99 employees. Sales associates in the U.S. are independent contractors and are paid commissions and
other variable compensation based on first-year and renewal premiums from their sales of insurance products.
Brokers The broker channel of Aflac U.S. focuses on selling to the mid- and large-case market, which is comprised of employers with 100 or
more employees and typically an average size of 1,000 employees or more. Brokers in the U.S. are independent contractors and are paid
commissions based on first-year and renewal premiums from their sales of insurance products.
Consumer Markets While Aflac U.S. primarily markets its insurance products at the worksite, Aflac U.S. is also expanding its distribution strategy
to directly reach consumers outside of the traditional worksite through digital lead generation.
Competitive Markets
Aflac U.S. competes against several supplemental insurance carriers on a national and regional basis. Aflac U.S. believes its policies, premium
rates, platforms, value-added services and sales commissions are competitive by product type. Moreover, Aflac U.S. believes that its products are
distinct from competitive offerings given its product focus (including features, benefits and claims service model), distribution capabilities and brand
awareness.
Since Aflac products provide an additional level of financial protection for policyholders, the Company believes the increased financial exposure
some employees may face creates a favorable opportunity for Aflac U.S. products. However, given the profitability erosion some major medical
carriers are facing in their core lines of business, the Company has seen a more competitive landscape as these carriers seek entry into Aflac's
supplemental product segments and leverage their core benefit offerings by bundling and discounting products in order to gain market share.
Government Regulation
Insurance Regulation The Parent Company and its U.S. insurance subsidiaries, Aflac, CAIC, TOIC (Nebraska-domiciled insurance companies),
Aflac New York (a New York-domiciled insurance company) are subject to state regulations in the U.S. as an insurance holding company system
and Argus, which is licensed as a third party
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Item 1. Business
administrator in most U.S. jurisdictions and as a pre-paid limited health service organization in Florida. Such regulations generally provide that
certain transactions between companies within the holding company system must be fair and equitable. In addition, transfers of assets among such
affiliated companies, certain dividend payments from insurance subsidiaries and certain transactions between companies within the system,
including management fees, loans and advances are subject to prior notice to, or approval by, state regulatory authorities. These laws generally
require, among other things, the insurance holding company and each insurance company directly owned by the holding company to register with
the insurance departments of their respective domiciliary states and to furnish annually financial and other information about the operations of
companies within the holding company system.
Like all U.S. insurance companies, Aflac, CAIC, TOIC and Aflac New York are subject to regulation and supervision in the jurisdictions in which they
do business. In general, the insurance laws of the various jurisdictions establish supervisory agencies with broad administrative powers relating to,
among other things:
• granting and revoking licenses to transact business
• regulating trade and claims practices
• licensing of insurance agents and brokers
• approval of policy forms and premium rates
• standards of solvency and maintenance of specified policy benefit reserves and minimum loss ratio requirements
• capital requirements
• limitations on dividends to shareholders
• the nature of and limitations on investments
• deposits of securities for the benefit of policyholders
• filing of financial statements prepared in accordance with statutory insurance accounting practices prescribed or permitted by regulatory
authorities
• periodic examinations of the market conduct, financial, and other affairs of insurance companies
The insurance laws of Nebraska that govern Aflac's activities provide that the acquisition or change of “control” of a domestic insurer or of any
person that controls a domestic insurer cannot be consummated without the prior approval of the Nebraska Department of Insurance (NDOI). A
person seeking to acquire control, directly or indirectly, of a domestic insurance company or of any person controlling a domestic insurance company
(in the case of Aflac, CAIC and TOIC, the Parent Company) must generally file with the NDOI an application for change of control containing certain
information required by statute and published regulations and provide a copy to Aflac. In Nebraska, control is generally presumed to exist if any
person, directly or indirectly, acquires 10% or more of an insurance company or of any other person or entity controlling the insurance company. The
10% presumption is not conclusive and control may be found to exist at less than 10%. Similar laws apply in New York, the domiciliary jurisdiction of
Aflac's New York insurance subsidiary.
State insurance departments conduct periodic examinations of the books and records, financial reporting, policy filings and market conduct of
insurance companies domiciled in their states, generally once every three to five years. Examinations are generally carried out in cooperation with
the insurance departments of other states under guidelines promulgated by the National Association of Insurance Commissioners (NAIC). In 2016,
full-scope, risk-focused financial examinations were conducted by the NDOI, New York State Department of Financial Services (NYSDFS), and the
South Carolina Department of Insurance (SCDOI) on their state domiciled insurance entities Aflac, Aflac New York, and CAIC, respectively. There
were no material findings contained in the final exam reports. CAIC redomiciled to Nebraska as of December 2016 and TOIC redomiciled to
Nebraska effective March 11, 2019. The NDOI and NYSDFS are currently conducting full-scope comprehensive financial examinations covering
years 2016-2019. The current examinations are expected to close by March 31, 2021.
NAIC Risk-Based Capital The NAIC continually reviews regulatory matters, such as risk-based capital (RBC) modernization, group capital
calculations and liquidity risk assessment. The NAIC uses an RBC formula relating to insurance risk, business risk, asset risk and interest rate risk to
facilitate identification by insurance regulators of inadequately capitalized insurance companies based upon the types and mix of risk inherent in the
insurer's operations. The formulas for determining the amount of RBC specify various weighting factors that are applied to financial balances or
various levels of activity based on the perceived degree of risk. Regulatory compliance is determined by a ratio of a company's regulatory total
adjusted capital to its authorized control level RBC as defined by the NAIC. Companies below specific trigger points or ratios are classified within
certain levels, each of which requires specified corrective action. The levels are company action, regulatory action, authorized control, and
mandatory control. See Note 13 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements and the Liquidity and Capital Resources section of MD&A for
additional information on RBC.
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Item 1. Business
Guaranty Association and Similar Arrangements Under state insurance guaranty association laws and similar laws in international jurisdictions,
the Company is subject to assessments, based on the share of business the Company writes in the relevant jurisdiction, for certain obligations of
insolvent insurance companies to policyholders and claimants. In the U.S., some states permit member insurers to recover assessments paid
through full or partial premium tax offsets. The Company's policy is to accrue assessments when the entity for which the insolvency relates has met
its state of domicile's statutory definition of insolvency, the amount of the loss is reasonably estimable and the related premium upon which the
assessment is based is written. In most states, the definition is met with a declaration of financial insolvency by a court of competent jurisdiction.
Federal Regulation Federal legislation and administrative policies in several areas, including health care reform legislation, financial services
reform legislation, securities regulation, pension regulation, privacy, tort reform legislation and taxation, can significantly and adversely affect
insurance companies. Certain federal regulations applicable to Aflac U.S. are outlined below.
•
•
•
Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act
The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act and the Heath Care and Education Reconciliation Act of 2010 (collectively, the ACA),
federal health care reform legislation, gave the U.S. federal government direct regulatory authority over the business of health insurance.
The ACA, as enacted, does not require material changes in the design of the Company's insurance products. However, indirect
consequences of, or changes to, the legislation and regulations could present challenges that could potentially have an impact on the
Company's sales model, financial condition and results of operations. Certain provisions of the ACA have been and may continue to be
subject to challenge through litigation, the ultimate effects of which on the ACA are uncertain. See the risk factor entitled, "Extensive
regulation and changes in legislation can impact profitability and growth" for more information.
Dodd-Frank Act
Title VII of the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act of 2010 (Dodd-Frank) and regulations issued thereunder, in
particular rules to require central clearing for certain types of derivatives, may have an impact on the Company's derivative activity, including
activity on behalf of Aflac Japan.
The Dodd-Frank Act also established a Federal Insurance Office (FIO) under the U.S. Treasury Department to monitor all aspects of the
insurance industry and of lines of business other than certain health insurance, certain long-term care insurance and crop insurance.
Privacy and Cybersecurity
The collection, maintenance, use, protection, disclosure and disposal of individually identifiable data by the Company's businesses are
regulated at the international, federal and state levels. These laws and rules are subject to change by legislation or administrative or judicial
interpretation. Various state laws address the unauthorized access and acquisition of personal information and the use and disclosure of
individually identifiable health data to the extent they are more restrictive than those contained in the privacy and security provisions in the
federal Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act of 1999 (GLBA) and in the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA). For
example, the California Consumer Privacy Act became effective January 1, 2020 and requires businesses to provide California consumers
the right to access, delete, and restrict certain uses of their personal information. HIPAA also requires that the Company imposes privacy
and security requirements on its business associates (as such term is defined in the HIPAA regulations).
Cybersecurity also continues to be an area of evolving focus for U.S. legislation and regulatory activity. In March 2017, new cybersecurity
regulation issued by the NYDFS went into effect that requires covered entities, including Aflac New York, to maintain an information security
program meeting certain security, data disposal, audit, activity monitoring, and data encryption requirements. In October 2017, the NAIC
adopted an Insurance Data Security Model Law that may be adopted in whole or in part by U.S. states in which the Company’s subsidiaries
are licensed. Other states have adopted and, the Company expects, will continue to pass legislation and issue regulations related to
cybersecurity.
The Company anticipates, assesses and if necessary modifies its information security program to accommodate changes and comply with
regulatory regulations concerning privacy and cybersecurity.
For further information concerning Aflac U.S. operations, see the "Aflac U.S. Segment" subsection of the MD&A and Notes 2 and 13 of the Notes to
the Consolidated Financial Statements in this report.
8
Item 1. Business
CORPORATE AND OTHER
The Company's other operations include the Parent Company, Aflac Global Ventures LLC and its subsidiaries, asset management subsidiaries,
results of reinsurance retrocession activities and a printing subsidiary.
In October 2020, the Company entered into an agreement to purchase approximately $200 million in newly issued common stock of Trupanion, Inc.,
a provider of medical insurance for pets in the United States and Canada. The Company closed on approximately $60 million of this transaction in
October 2020. The Company closed on the remaining approximately $140 million of this transaction in November 2020 which resulted in the
Company owning approximately 9% of the outstanding common stock of Trupanion, Inc. The shares were registered for resale and, pursuant to the
Shareholder Agreement, subject to certain exceptions, the Company has agreed that it will not transfer its shares of Trupanion, Inc. common stock
during a restricted period ending on November 13, 2023.The Company also announced that it has entered into an alliance agreement with
Trupanion, Inc. to sell pet insurance in worksites in the U.S., subject to certain exceptions, and to explore on an exclusive basis potential distribution
opportunities for pet insurance in Japan.
Effective January 1, 2018, investments of Aflac U.S. as well as certain sub-advised assets of Aflac Japan, are managed by the Company’s U.S.
asset management subsidiary, Aflac Asset Management LLC (AAM), and investments of Aflac Japan are managed pursuant to an investment
advisory agreement between Aflac Japan and the Company's asset management subsidiary in Japan, Aflac Asset Management Japan Ltd. (AAMJ).
AAMJ is licensed as a discretionary asset manager under the Japan Financial Instruments and Exchange Act and is subject to rules of the Japan
Investment Advisors Association, a self-regulatory organization with mandatory membership for Japan investment managers. Effective January 19,
2021, AAM is registered with the SEC as an investment adviser under the Investment Advisers Act of 1940. AAM and AAMJ are reported in the
Corporate and other segment category; however, the assets that they manage are reported in the respective Aflac Japan and Aflac U.S. business
segments.
For additional information on the Company's other operations, see the "Corporate and Other" subsection of the MD&A and Note 8 in the Notes to the
Consolidated Financial Statements.
The Company’s overarching human capital philosophy is, “If you take care of your employees, your employees will take care of the business.” As of
December 31, 2020, Aflac Japan had 6,239 employees, Aflac U.S. had 4,906 employees, and the Company's other operations had 858 employees.
The Company's compensation and benefit expense totaled approximately $2.0 billion in 2020 and $1.8 billion in 2019. The Company believes its
employee relations are generally satisfactory.
HUMAN CAPITAL
Talent
The Company uses internal and external resources to attract, retain and develop talent across a variety of backgrounds and demographics.
Aflac Japan seeks diverse talent through annual recruitment of new university graduates as well as mid-career recruitment of those with specialty
skills or expertise. For its employees, Aflac Japan implements standard and unified training and development programs focusing on a range of
business skills. For example, Aflac Japan’s Leadership Program allows select managers to participate in a comprehensive training program to learn
about innovation and the global business environment. Aflac Japan is implementing a human capital management system, beginning in January
2021 with managers and more senior leadership positions. Under the new system, employees will have access to descriptions and necessary skills
for all job positions across the Company and will be able to more proactively design their careers.
Aflac U.S. recruiting efforts include partnerships with colleges and universities, including historically black colleges and universities, and civic
organizations to attract diverse talent. Aflac U.S. also offers a variety of internships, co-operative opportunities and transitional programs to allow
emerging talent to develop. Educational opportunities are available for self-development and growth to help employees further enhance their
technical and professional skills.
Compensation
The Aflac Japan and Aflac U.S. Human Resources divisions operate as centralized internal compensation functions to provide oversight and input to
the respective management teams with the objective of providing compensation that is consistent with job scope, duties and responsibilities. The
compensation function evaluates new-hire job offers, promotions and compensation adjustments with the goal of consistent and equitable
compensation. Defined salary
9
Item 1. Business
structures are reviewed regularly and updated utilizing market data. Job levels and associated compensation are determined based on annually
updated market data, job scope, duties and responsibilities. Employee performance reviews are conducted annually and are factored into employee
bonuses and salaries.
Health and Wellness
Aflac Japan is certified as a Health and Productivity Management Organization by Japan’s Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry. This
certification is awarded for best practices in employee health management, strategically focused work style and development of a socially
appreciative work environment. Aflac Japan has also developed a program to promote healthy lifestyles for employees at home and the office, with
benefits including women’s health programs, healthy meal options in the cafeteria, fitness programs and smoking cessation support.
Aflac U.S. Health and Wellness, a training and service program works to enhance organizational health, encourage healthy lifestyles among all U.S.
employees, provide diverse wellness programs to meet a wide range of personal health needs, recognize employees for participating in healthier
lifestyles activities, and support a positive corporate culture that is focused on celebrating and improving the quality of life for all U.S.employees.
Diversity & Inclusion
The Company’s corporate culture reflects its commitment to diversity and inclusion at all levels of the Company. For example:
•
•
•
•
•
As of December 31, 2020, women account for 52% of Aflac Japan employees and 32% of those in leadership positions including managers
and assistant managers. Women also held 22.5% of senior officer roles including vice presidents, senior vice presidents and executive vice
presidents. Aflac Japan's goal is to further increase the percentage of women in line manager positions by 2025.
As of December 31, 2020, nearly 50% of Aflac U.S. and the Parent Company employees located in the U.S. were minorities and
approximately 66% were women. Women also occupied approximately 55% of leadership roles located in the U.S. including officers,
directors, senior managers, managers and supervisors, and 30% of officer roles, including vice presidents, senior vice presidents, executive
vice presidents and other officer positions. In 2020, 45% of new hires located in the U.S. were minorities and 56% were women.
Established in 2009, Aflac Heartful Services Co., Ltd. (Aflac Heartful Services), a subsidiary of Aflac Japan, promotes the hiring of
employees with disabilities. Aflac Heartful Services has established a barrier-free work environment and provides, among other things,
specialized training, specially-trained supervisors and development opportunities to support those with disabilities. Of Aflac Heartful
Services’ 146 employees as of December 31, 2020, 116 have a disability. Aflac Heartful Services supports these employees with the
assistance of advisors for long-term career support.
Both Aflac Japan and Aflac U.S. have created diversity councils that include employees from various levels that meet regularly to discuss
activities and initiatives. The councils are designed to create avenues in which employees can communicate and appreciate one another’s
cultural differences.
Females and minorities comprise approximately 64% of the Parent Company’s board of directors.
Employee Engagement and Culture
The Company strives to have an engaged employee culture by developing programs including career development support and programs
emphasizing work life balance. Aflac Japan provides an annual survey to employees to assess their work styles, and in 2021 Aflac Japan plans to
conduct a more comprehensive employee survey. Aflac U.S. provides an annual survey to employees to gather their views on company culture, and
works with its leadership to monitor continuous improvements and enhance the employee experience. In response to the COVID-19 global
pandemic, Aflac Japan is implementing paperless initiatives in order to promote a flexible working style not limited by time or place, and Aflac U.S.
announced actions taken for its employees including a commitment to cover the costs of COVID-19 testing and extended paid leave in certain
circumstances.
For more information on the effects of the COVID-19 global pandemic on the Company’s human capital management, see the Executive Summary
section of Item 7. MD&A.
10
Item 1. Business
Information about the Company's Executive Officers
NAME
Daniel P. Amos
Steven K. Beaver
Max K. Brodén
Frederick J. Crawford
J. Todd Daniels
June Howard
Eric M. Kirsch
Masatoshi Koide
PRINCIPAL OCCUPATION
Chairman, Aflac Incorporated and Aflac, since 2001; Chief Executive Officer, Aflac Incorporated and Aflac,
since 1990; President, Aflac, from 2017 until 2018; President, Aflac Incorporated, from 2018 until 2020
(1)
Senior Vice President, Chief Financial Officer, Aflac U.S., since 2019; Senior Vice President, Financial
Planning and Analysis, Aflac Incorporated, from 2018 until 2019; Senior Vice President, Global Strategic
Projects, Corporate Financial Planning and Analysis, Aflac Incorporated, from 2017 until 2018; Vice
President, Deputy Chief Accounting Officer, Tax Department, Aflac Incorporated, from 2015 until 2016
Executive Vice President, Chief Financial Officer, Aflac Incorporated, since 2020; Senior Vice President and
Treasurer, Aflac Incorporated, from 2017 until 2020; Senior Portfolio Manager, Norges Bank, from 2007
until 2017
President and Chief Operating Officer, Aflac Incorporated, since 2020; Executive Vice President, Chief
Financial Officer, Aflac Incorporated, from 2015 until 2020; Executive Vice President, Chief Financial
Officer, CNO Financial Group, from 2012 until 2015
Executive Vice President, Chief Financial Officer, Aflac Japan, since 2018; Executive Vice President, Global
Chief Risk Officer and Chief Actuary, Aflac Incorporated, from 2016 until 2018; Senior Vice President,
Global Chief Risk Officer and Chief Actuary, Aflac, from 2015 until 2016; Senior Vice President, Deputy
Corporate Actuary and Global Chief Risk Officer, Aflac, from 2014 until 2015
Chief Accounting Officer, Aflac Incorporated and Aflac, since 2010; Senior Vice President, Financial
Services, Aflac Incorporated and Aflac, since 2010; Treasurer, Aflac, from 2011 until 2015
Executive Vice President, Global Chief Investment Officer, Aflac, since 2012; President, Aflac Asset
Management LLC, since 2017
President and Chief Operating Officer, Aflac Japan since 2017; Deputy President, Aflac Japan from 2016
until 2017; Executive Vice President, Aflac Japan from 2015 until 2016; First Senior Vice President, Aflac
Japan, from 2013 until 2015
Charles D. Lake, II
President, Aflac International, since 2014; Chairman, Aflac Japan, since 2008
Albert A. Riggieri
Audrey B. Tillman
Teresa L. White
Senior Vice President, Global Chief Risk Officer and Chief Actuary, Aflac Incorporated, since 2018; Senior
Vice President, Corporate Actuary, Aflac, from 2016 until 2018; Group Chief Actuary, Unum Group, until
2016
Executive Vice President, General Counsel, Aflac Incorporated and Aflac, since 2014
President, Aflac U.S., since 2014
AGE
69
56
42
57
50
54
60
60
59
65
56
54
(1)
Unless specifically noted, the respective executive officer has held the occupation(s) set forth in the table for at least the last five years. Each executive officer
is appointed annually by the board of directors and serves until his or her successor is chosen and qualified, or until his or her death, resignation or removal.
11
Item 1A. Risk Factors
ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS
The Company faces a wide range of risks, and its continued success depends on its ability to identify, prioritize and appropriately manage enterprise
risk exposures. Readers should carefully consider each of the following risks and all of the other information set forth in this Form 10-K. These risks
and other factors may affect forward-looking statements, including those in this document or made by the Company elsewhere, such as in earnings
release webcasts, investor conference presentations or press releases. The risks and uncertainties described herein may not be the only ones
facing the Company. Additional risks and uncertainties not presently known to the Company or that the Company currently believes to be immaterial
may also adversely affect its business. If any of the following risks and uncertainties develops into actual events, there could be a material impact on
the Company.
Investment and Markets Risk Factors
Difficult conditions in global capital markets and the economy, including those caused by the novel coronavirus COVID-19, could have a
material adverse effect on the Company's investments, capital position, revenue, profitability, and liquidity and harm the Company's
business.
The Company's results of operations are materially affected by conditions in the global capital markets and the global economy generally, including
in its two primary operating markets of the U.S. and Japan. Shifts in global trade policies could result in tariffs and a downturn in the global economy
that could negatively impact the Company. A new U.S. presidential administration took office in January 2021, which adds further uncertainty around
U.S. trade policies. Weak global financial markets impact the value of the Company's existing investment portfolio, influence opportunities for new
investments, and may contribute to generally weak economic fundamentals, which can have a negative impact on its results of operations and
financial positions.
Global capital markets experienced extreme volatility in early 2020 due to the effects of the COVID-19 global pandemic, but have since stabilized
due to central bank and government intervention. Initial volatility triggered dramatic declines in investment values, constrained liquidity, and
significantly reduced interest rates. The Company's investment portfolio, including the creditworthiness and valuation of investment assets and
availability of new investments, has been, and may continue to be, adversely affected as a result of market developments related to the COVID-19
pandemic and uncertainty regarding its ultimate severity and duration. While conditions have improved, the Company's investments remain
vulnerable to extreme asset price volatility, lack of market liquidity, credit rating downgrades, payment defaults, asset restructurings, increased
losses, and other risks as the world experiences an unprecedented shock to economic activity.
The Company has evaluated its holdings and identified those investments most exposed to the negative impacts of an economic downturn as a
result of COVID-19, including but not limited to investments in businesses facing an immediate and severe impact such as travel and lodging,
leisure, non-emergency medical, energy, and others involving large gatherings of people. These investments are experiencing and may continue to
experience higher credit losses, credit rating downgrades and/or defaults and the Company has examined in each case whether a reduction in size
of the holding is appropriate. In addition, volatility in oil prices and reduction in global energy demand could have a continued adverse impact on
issuers in the energy sector. While the Company has identified assets impacted or expected to be impacted by COVID-19 and its consequences,
other investments not identified to date may also be impacted. The availability of new investments in certain private market asset classes, such as
middle market loans, commercial mortgages and transitional real estate, has been and may continue to be limited. Interest rates have declined in
response to the pandemic, and a prolonged reduction in interest rates globally could result in new investments generating lower yields than in prior
periods. The Company may need to adjust its investment strategy and/or be forced to liquidate investments to pay claims. Actions of governments
and central banks in response to COVID-19 may not be adequate to fully address its impact. COVID-19 has resulted in unprecedented disruption of
markets and business activity globally, and the Company is not able to predict the duration of such disruption or the ultimate impact of COVID-19 on
the Company’s investments and hedging programs. See the risk factor below entitled, “The Company is exposed to significant interest rate risk,
which may adversely affect its results of operations, financial condition and liquidity” for more information. See the “Investments” and “Results of
Operations by Segment” sections of Item 7, MD&A, for more information.
As the Company holds a significant amount of fixed maturity securities issued by borrowers located in many different parts of the world, its financial
results are directly influenced by global financial markets. Recent weakness in global capital markets could adversely affect the Company's financial
condition, including its capital position and overall profitability. Market volatility and recessionary pressures could result in significant realized or
unrealized losses due to severe price declines driven by increases in interest rates or credit spreads, defaults in payment of principal or interest, or
credit rating downgrades.
12
Item 1A. Risk Factors
Japan is the largest market for the Company's insurance products, and the Company owns substantial holdings in Japan Government Bonds
(JGBs). Government actions to stimulate the economy affect the value of the Company's existing holdings, its reinvestment rate on new investments
in JGBs or other yen-denominated assets, and consumer behavior relative to the Company's suite of insurance products. The additional government
debt from fiscal stimulus actions could adversely impact the Japan sovereign credit profile, which could in turn lead to volatility in Japanese capital
and currency markets.
Should investors become concerned with any of the Company's investment holdings, including the concentration in JGBs, its access to market
sources of funding could be negatively impacted. It is possible that lenders or debt investors may also become concerned if the Company incurs
large investment losses or if the level of the Company's business activity decreases due to a market downturn or there are further adverse economic
trends in the U.S. or Japan, specifically, or generally in developed markets.
The Company needs liquidity to pay its operating expenses, dividends on its common stock, interest on its debt, and liabilities. See the "Liquidity and
Capital Resources" Item 7, MD&A, for more information. In the event the Company's current resources do not meet its needs, the Company may
need to seek additional financing. The Company's access to additional financing will depend on a variety of factors such as market conditions, the
general availability of credit within the financial services industry and its credit rating. See the risk factor below entitled, “Any decrease in the
Company's financial strength or debt ratings may have an adverse effect on its competitive position and access to liquidity and capital” for more
information.
Broad economic factors such as consumer spending, business investment, government spending, the volatility and strength of the capital markets,
and inflation all affect the business and economic environment and, indirectly, the amount and profitability of the Company's business. In an
economic downturn characterized by higher unemployment, lower family income, lower corporate earnings, lower business investment and lower
consumer spending, the demand for financial and insurance products could be adversely affected. This adverse effect could be particularly
significant for companies such as Aflac that distribute supplemental, discretionary insurance products primarily through the worksite in the event that
economic conditions result in a decrease in the number of new hires and total employees. Adverse changes in the economy could potentially lead
the Company's customers to be less inclined to purchase supplemental insurance coverage or to decide to cancel or modify existing insurance
coverage, which could adversely affect the Company's premium revenue, results of operations and financial condition. The Company is unable to
predict the course of the global financial markets or the recurrence, duration or severity of disruptions in such markets.
See the risk factor entitled "Major public health issues, and specifically the novel coronavirus COVID-19 and any resulting economic effects could
have an adverse impact on the Company's financial condition and results of operations and other aspects of its business" for more information.
Defaults, downgrades, widening credit spreads or other events impairing the value of the fixed maturity securities and loan receivables in
the Company's investment portfolio may reduce the Company's earnings and capital position.
The Company is subject to the risk that the issuers and/or guarantors of fixed maturity securities and loan receivables the Company owns may
default on principal or interest. A significant portion of the Company's portfolio represents an unsecured obligation of the issuer, including some that
may be subordinated to other debt in the issuer’s capital structure. In these cases, many factors can influence the overall creditworthiness of the
issuer and ultimately its ability to service and repay the Company's holdings. This can include changes in the global economy, the company's assets,
strategy, or management, shifts in the dynamics of the industries in which they compete, their access to additional funding, and the overall health of
the credit markets. Factors unique to the Company's securities including contractual protections such as financial covenants or relative position in
the issuer's capital structure also influence the value of the Company's holdings.
Most of the Company's investments carry a rating by one or more of the nationally recognized statistical rating organizations (NRSROs or rating
agencies). Any change in the rating agencies' approach to evaluating credit and assigning an opinion could negatively impact the fair value of the
Company's portfolio. Any expected or sustained credit deterioration of the Company's investments will negatively impact the Company's net income
and capital position through credit impairment and other credit related losses. Credit related losses that are not temporary in nature would also affect
the Company's solvency ratios in the U.S. and Japan. Aflac Japan has certain regulatory accounting requirements for realizing impairments that
could be triggered by credit-related losses, which may be different from U.S. GAAP and statutory requirements. These impairment losses could
negatively impact Aflac Japan's earnings, and the corresponding dividends and capital deployment.
13
Item 1A. Risk Factors
The Company is also subject to the risk that any collateral providing credit enhancement to the Company's investments could deteriorate.
The Company is also exposed to the general movement in credit market spreads. A widening of credit spreads could reduce the value of the
Company's existing portfolio, create unrealized losses on its investment portfolio, and reduce the Company's adjusted capital position which is used
in determining SMR in Japan. A tightening of credit spreads could reduce the net investment income available to the Company on new credit
investments. Increased market volatility also makes it difficult to value certain of the Company's investment holdings. For more information, see the
"Critical Accounting Estimates" section of Item 7, MD&A, and the "Credit Risk" subsection of Item 7A, Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about
Market Risk.
The Company is exposed to significant interest rate risk, which may adversely affect its results of operations, financial condition and
liquidity.
The Company has substantial investment portfolios that support its policy liabilities. Interest rate risk is an inherent portfolio, business and capital risk
for the Company, and significant changes in interest rates could have a material adverse effect on the Company's consolidated results of operations,
financial condition or cash flows through realized losses, impairments, changes in unrealized positions, and liquidity. Changes in interest rates could
also result in the Company having to recognize gains or losses because the Company disposes of some or all of its investments prior to their
maturity.
The Company's exposure to interest rate risk relates primarily to the ability to invest future cash flows to support the interest rate assumption made
at the time the Company's products were priced and the related reserving assumptions were established. Low levels of interest rates on investments
experienced in Japan and the U.S. over the last decade have also reduced the level of investment income earned by the Company, and the
Company's overall level of investment income will continue to be negatively impacted in a persistent low-interest-rate environment. While the
Company generally seeks to maintain a diversified portfolio of fixed-income investments that reflects the cash flow and duration characteristics of the
liabilities it supports, the Company may not be able to fully mitigate the interest rate risk of its assets relative to its liabilities. Prolonged periods of low
interest rates also heighten the risk associated with future increases in interest rates because an increasing proportion of the Company's investment
portfolio include investments that bear lower rates of return than the embedded book yield of the investment portfolio. A rise in interest rates could
decrease the fair value of the Company's debt securities.
A sustained decline in interest rates could hinder the Company's ability to earn the returns assumed in the pricing and the reserving for its insurance
products at the time they were sold and issued and may also influence the Company's ability to develop and price attractive new products and could
impact its overall sales levels. The Company's first sector products are more interest rate sensitive than third sector products. As discussed in Item
1, Business, beginning in 2013, Aflac Japan began to curtail sales of first sector savings-type products due to persistent low interest rates in Japan.
The continuing negative interest rate imposed by the Bank of Japan (BoJ) on excess bank reserves could continue to have a negative impact on the
distribution and pricing of these products.
Conversely, a rise in interest rates could improve the Company's ability to earn higher rates of return on future investments, as well as floating rate
investments held in its investment portfolio. However, an increase in the differential of short-term U.S. and Japan interest rates would also increase
the cost of hedging a portion of the U.S. dollar-denominated assets in the Aflac Japan segment into yen, which could have a material adverse effect
on the Company's business, results of operations or financial condition. Further, some of the insurance products that Aflac sells in the U.S. and
Japan provide cash surrender values, and a rise in interest rates could trigger significant policy surrenders, which might require the Company to sell
investment assets and recognize unrealized losses. Rising interest rates also negatively impact SMR because unrealized losses on the available-
for-sale investment portfolio factor into the ratio. For regulatory accounting purposes for Aflac Japan, there are also certain requirements for realizing
impairments that could be triggered by rising interest rates, negatively impacting Aflac Japan's earnings and corresponding dividends and capital
deployment.
The Company’s floating rate investments typically bear interest based on the London Interbank Offered Rate (LIBOR). Regulatory and industry
initiatives to eliminate LIBOR as an interest rate benchmark may create uncertainty in the valuation of LIBOR-based loans, derivatives, and other
financial contracts. The Company is unable to predict with certainty how LIBOR elimination may impact markets, pricing, liquidity and other factors or
the Company's activities.
See the "Interest Rate Risk" subsection of Item 7A, Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk for more information.
14
Item 1A. Risk Factors
The Company's concentration of business in Japan poses risks to its operations and financial condition.
The Company's operations in Japan, including net investment gains and losses on Aflac Japan's investment portfolio, accounted for 68% of the
Company's total revenues in 2020, 69% in 2019 and 70% 2018. The Japanese operations accounted for 83% of the Company's total assets at both
December 31, 2020 and 2019.
Any potential deterioration in Japan's credit quality or access to markets, the overall economy of Japan, or an increase in Japanese market volatility
could adversely impact Aflac Japan's operations and its financial condition and thereby Aflac's overall financial performance. Further, because of the
concentration of the Company's business in Japan and its need for long-dated yen-denominated assets, the Company has a substantial
concentration of JGBs in its investment portfolio. The NRSROs, credit rating agencies registered with the SEC, have increased scrutiny of JGBs,
resulting in downgrades. See the risk factor entitled “Any decrease in the Company's financial strength or debt ratings may have an adverse effect
on its competitive position and access to liquidity and capital” for more information.
The Company seeks to match investment currency and interest rate risk to its yen liabilities. The low interest rates on yen-denominated securities
has a negative effect on overall net investment income. A large portion of the cash available for reinvestment each year is deployed in yen-
denominated instruments and subject to the low level of yen interest rates.
Lack of availability of acceptable yen-denominated investments could adversely affect the Company's results of operations, financial
position or liquidity.
The Company aims to match both the duration and currency of its assets with its liabilities. This is very difficult for Aflac Japan due to the lack of
available long-dated yen-denominated fixed income instruments beyond JGBs.
Aflac Japan’s investment strategy includes U.S. dollar-denominated investments for which a portion of dollar currency risk is mitigated by entering
into currency hedges. This program includes public investment-grade bonds as well as U.S. dollar-denominated investment-grade commercial
mortgage loans, middle market loans, infrastructure debt, collateralized loan obligations and other loan types, high yield bond and public and private
equities. The Company plans to continue adding other instruments denominated in U.S. dollars, including floating rate investments, to improve the
portfolio diversification and/or return profile. Some of the U.S. dollar-denominated asset classes that the Company has added, and anticipates
continuing to add, have less liquidity than investment-grade corporate bonds. Further, in recent years the Company has reduced the proportion of
U.S. dollar-denominated investments that are subject to a currency hedge, and this proportion continues to be subject to change at the Company’s
discretion. These strategies will continue to increase the Company's exposure to U.S. interest rates, credit spreads and other risks. The Company
has increased U.S. dollar risk exposure in Japan as the comprehensive hedging program may not always correlate to the underlying U.S. dollar-
denominated assets, thereby increasing earnings volatility. These risks can significantly impact the Company's consolidated results of operations,
financial position or liquidity.
Investing in U.S. dollar-denominated investments in Aflac Japan also creates an unmatched foreign currency exposure and related SMR volatility, as
Aflac Japan’s insurance liabilities are yen-denominated. Although the Company engages in certain foreign exchange hedging activities to partially
mitigate this risk, and such hedged assets may be used to satisfy yen-denominated insurance liabilities and other business obligations, important
risks remain.
Foreign exchange derivatives used for hedging are periodically settled, which results in cash receipt or payment at maturity or early termination.
Cumulative net cash settlements on derivatives hedging currency exposure of Aflac Japan's U.S. dollar-denominated investments are associated
with existing U.S. dollar-denominated investments that continue to be hedged, previously hedged investments that continue to be held but are no
longer hedged, and investments previously hedged that have since been sold, matured or redeemed and may or may not have not been converted
to yen. The Company’s foreign exchange derivatives are typically shorter-dated than the underlying U.S. dollar-denominated investments being
hedged, which creates roll-over risks within the hedging program that could increase the cost of such derivatives. If the Company reduces the
notional amount of foreign exchange derivatives prior to the maturity of the hedged U.S. dollar-denominated investments, the foreign exchange
gains or losses on the U.S. dollar-denominated investments remain economically unrealized. These foreign currency gains or losses on the
investments are only economically realized, or monetized, through sale, maturity or redemption of the investments and concurrent conversion to yen.
However, the Company may not realize the benefit of offsetting adverse cash settlements on hedging derivatives with cash receipts on the U.S.
dollar-denominated investments if the currency exchange rates move in an adverse direction before the investments are converted to yen, or if the
investments are never converted to yen. As an example of the latter, if the Company’s actual insurance risk experience in Japan is as expected or
more favorable than expected, the need for yen to pay expenses and claims would correspondingly remain at or below expected levels, thereby
diminishing operational requirements to convert U.S. dollar-denominated investments to yen. The settlement of the foreign exchange
15
Item 1A. Risk Factors
derivatives is reported in the investing activities section of the Company’s consolidated statements of cash flows in the line item “Settlement of
derivatives, net.”
See the risk factor entitled “The Company is exposed to foreign currency fluctuations in the yen/dollar exchange rate”, the "Hedging Activities"
subsection of Item 7, MD&A, and the "Currency Risk" subsection of Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk for more
information.
The Company is exposed to foreign currency fluctuations in the yen/dollar exchange rate.
Due to the size of Aflac Japan, where functional currency is the Japanese yen, fluctuations in the exchange rate between the yen and the U.S. dollar
can have a significant effect on the Company's reported financial position and results of operations. Aflac Japan's premiums and approximately half
of its investment income are received in yen, and its claims and most expenses are paid in yen. Aflac Japan purchases yen-denominated assets and
U.S. dollar-denominated assets, which may be hedged to yen, to support yen-denominated policy liabilities. Certain unhedged U.S. dollar
denominated assets and liabilities held by Aflac Japan are re-measured to yen with the volatility reported in earnings. Furthermore, the yen-
denominated balance sheet of Aflac Japan is translated into U.S. dollars for financial reporting purposes with foreign exchange impact reflected in
equity. Accordingly, fluctuations in the yen/dollar exchange rate can have a significant effect on the Company's reported financial position and
results of operations. Yen weakening has the effect of suppressing current year results in relation to the prior year, while yen strengthening has the
effect of magnifying current year results in relation to the prior year. In addition, the weakening of the yen relative to the U.S. dollar will generally
adversely affect the value of the Company's yen-denominated investments in U.S. dollar terms. Further, unhedged U.S. dollar-denominated
securities held by Aflac Japan are exposed to foreign exchange fluctuations, which impact SMR. As a result, periods of unusually volatile currency
exchange rates could result in limitations on dividends available to the Parent Company.
The Company engages in certain foreign currency hedging activities to hedge the exposure to yen from its net investment in Japanese operations.
These hedging activities are limited in scope, and the Company cannot provide assurance that these activities will be effective.
As indicated in the MD&A, the Company has determined that the unhedged U.S. dollar-denominated investment portfolio acts as a natural economic
currency hedge of a portion of the Company’s investment in Aflac Japan against erosion of economic value. At the same time, the unhedged U.S.
dollar-denominated investment portfolio creates an unmatched foreign currency exposure and subjects Aflac Japan to volatility in regulatory capital,
including SMR, and earnings, which may adversely impact Aflac Japan’s ability to pay dividends to the Parent Company. The Company has
historically maintained and currently maintains the size of the unhedged portfolio at levels below the economic equity surplus in Aflac Japan, but
there can be no assurance that this strategy will be successful.
For regulatory accounting purposes, there are certain requirements for realizing impairments that could be triggered by changes in the rate of
exchange between the yen and U.S. dollar and could negatively impact Aflac Japan's earnings and the corresponding dividends and capital
deployment.
Additionally, the Company is exposed to currency risk when yen cash flows are converted into U.S. dollars, resulting in changes in the Company's
U.S. dollar-denominated cash flows and earnings when exchange gains or losses, respectively, are realized. This primarily occurs when Aflac Japan
pays dividends in yen to the Parent Company, but it also has an impact when cash in the form of yen is converted to U.S. dollars for investment into
U.S. dollar-denominated assets. The exchange rates prevailing at the time of dividend payment may differ from the exchange rates prevailing at the
time the yen profits were earned. The Parent Company utilizes forward contracts to accomplish a dual objective of hedging foreign currency
exchange rate risk related to dividend payments by Aflac Japan, and reducing enterprise-wide hedge costs. However, if the markets experience a
significant strengthening of yen, this could cause cash strain at the Parent Company as a result of cash collateral and potentially cash settlement
requirements. Based on the timing and severity of exchange rate fluctuations combined with the level of outstanding activity in this program, the
cash strain at the Parent Company could be significant.
For more information regarding unhedged U.S. dollar-denominated securities, see the risk factor above entitled, “Lack of availability of acceptable
yen-denominated investments could adversely affect the Company’s results of operations, financial position or liquidity”. See the "Currency Risk"
subsection of Item 7A, Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk for more information .
The valuation of the Company's investments and derivatives includes methodologies, estimations and assumptions that are subject to
differing interpretations and could result in changes to investment valuations that may adversely affect the Company's results of
operations or financial condition.
16
Item 1A. Risk Factors
The Company reports a significant amount of its fixed maturity securities and other financial instruments at fair value. As such, valuations may
include inputs and assumptions that are less observable or require greater estimation and valuation methods that are more sophisticated, thereby
resulting in values that may be greater or less than the value at which the investments may be ultimately sold. Rapidly changing and unprecedented
credit and equity market conditions could materially impact the valuation of securities as reported within the Company's consolidated financial
statements and the period-to-period changes in value could vary significantly.
Valuations of the Company's derivatives fluctuate with changes in underlying market variables, such as interest rates and foreign currency exchange
rates. During periods of market turbulence created by political instability, economic uncertainty, government interventions or other factors, the
Company may experience significant changes in the volatility of its derivative valuations. Extreme market conditions can also affect the liquidity of
such instruments creating marked differences in transaction levels and counterparty valuations. Depending on the severity and direction of the
movements in its derivative valuations, the Company will face increases in the amount of collateral required to be posted with its counterparties.
Liquidity stresses to the Company may also occur if the required collateral amounts increase significantly over a very short period of time.
Conversely, the Company may be exposed to an increase in counterparty credit risk for short periods of time while calling collateral from its
counterparties.
Where valuation and interest rates are based on LIBOR, elimination of LIBOR as an interest rate benchmark may create uncertainty in valuation of
loans, derivatives and other assets in the pricing of such assets in markets for their sale and disposition.
See the "Critical Accounting Estimates" section of Item 7, MD&A, and Notes 1, 3, 4, and 5 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements for
more information.
The determination of the amount of expected credit losses recorded on the Company's investments is based on significant valuation
judgments and could materially impact its results of operations or financial position.
The Company estimates an expected lifetime credit loss on investments measured at amortized cost including held-to-maturity fixed maturity
securities, loan receivables and loan commitments. For the Company’s available-for-sale fixed maturity securities, the Company evaluates estimated
credit losses only when the fair value of the available-for-sale fixed maturity security is below its amortized cost basis.
The Company’s approach to estimating credit losses is complex and incorporates significant judgments. In addition to a security, or an asset class,
or issuer-specific credit fundamentals, it considers relevant historical information (e.g. loss statistics), current market conditions and reasonable and
supportable micro and macroeconomic forecasts.
The Company's management updates its expected credit loss assumptions regularly as conditions change and as new information becomes
available and reflects expected credit losses in the Company's earnings when considered necessary. Furthermore, additional credit losses may
need to be taken in the future. Historical trends may not be indicative of future expectations of credit losses.
See Note 3 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements in this report for more information.
The Company cannot provide assurance that these evaluations will be accurate and effective. If the Company’s estimates of credit losses are not
accurate and actual credit losses are higher than the Company’s estimates, the Company’s net income and capital position will be negatively
impacted.
These higher losses would also negatively affect the Company's solvency ratios in the U.S. and Japan. For regulatory accounting purposes for Aflac
Japan, there are certain requirements for realizing impairments that could be triggered by rising interest rates, credit-related losses, or changes in
foreign exchange, negatively impacting Aflac Japan's earnings and corresponding dividend and capital deployment.
Any decrease in the Company's financial strength or debt ratings may have an adverse effect on its competitive position and access to
liquidity and capital.
NRSROs may change their ratings or outlook on an insurer's ratings due to a variety of factors including but not limited to competitive position;
profitability; cash generation and other sources of liquidity; capital levels; quality of the investment portfolio; and perception of management
capabilities.
17
Item 1A. Risk Factors
The ratings assigned to the Company by the NRSROs are important factors in the Company's ability to access liquidity and capital from the bank
market, debt capital markets or other available sources, such as reinsurance transactions. Downgrades of the Company's credit ratings could give
its derivative counterparties the right to require early termination of derivatives transactions or delivery of additional collateral, thereby adversely
affecting the Company's liquidity.
Downgrades of the Company's ratings could also have a material adverse effect on agent recruiting and retention, sales, competitiveness and the
marketability of its products, all of which could negatively impact the Company's liquidity, operating results and financial condition. Additionally, sales
through the bank channel in Japan could be adversely affected as a result of their reliance on and sensitivity to ratings levels.
The Company cannot predict what actions rating agencies may take, or what actions the Company may take in response to the actions of rating
agencies. As with other companies in the financial services industry, the Company's ratings could be downgraded at any time and without any notice
by any NRSRO.
A decline in the creditworthiness of other financial institutions could adversely affect the Company.
The Company has exposure to and routinely executes transactions with counterparties in the financial services industry, including broker dealers,
derivative counterparties, commercial banks and other institutions.
The Company uses derivative instruments to mitigate various risks associated with its investment portfolio, notes payable, and subsidiary dividends.
The Company's use of derivatives results in financial exposure to derivative counterparties. If the Company's counterparties fail or refuse to honor
their obligations under derivative instruments, the Company's hedges of the risks will be ineffective, and the Company's financial condition and
results of operations could be adversely affected.
The Company engages in derivative transactions directly with unaffiliated third parties under International Swaps and Derivatives Association, Inc.
(ISDA) agreements and other documentation. Most of the ISDA agreements also include Credit Support Annexes (CSAs) provisions, which
generally provide for two-way collateral postings at the first dollar of exposure. In addition, a significant portion of the derivative transactions have
provisions that give the counterparty the right to terminate the transaction upon a downgrade of Aflac’s financial strength rating. The actual amount
of payments that the Company could be required to make depends on market conditions, the fair value of outstanding affected transactions, and
other factors prevailing at and after the time of the downgrade. If the Company is required to post collateral to support derivative contracts and/or
pay cash to settle the contracts at maturity, the Company's liquidity could be strained. In addition, the Company's cleared swaps result in
counterparty exposure to clearing brokers and central clearinghouses; while this exposure is mitigated in part by clearinghouse and clearing broker
capital and regulation, no assurance can be provided that these counterparties will fulfill their obligations. The Company also has exposure to
counterparties to securities lending transactions in the event they fail to return loaned securities. The Company is also exposed to the risk that there
may be a decline in value of securities posted as collateral for securities lending programs or a decline in value of investments made with cash
posted as collateral for such programs.
Further, the Company has agreements with various Japanese financial institutions for the distribution of its insurance products. For example, at
December 31, 2020, the Company had agreements with 361 banks to market Aflac's products in Japan. Sales through these banks represented
5.1% of Aflac Japan's new annualized premium sales in 2020. Any material adverse effect on these or other financial institutions could also have an
adverse effect on the Company's sales.
The Company has entered into significant reinsurance transactions with large, highly rated counterparties. Negative events or developments
affecting any one of these counterparties could have an adverse effect on the Company's financial position or results of operations.
All of these risks related to exposure to other financial institutions could adversely impact the Company's consolidated results of operations and
financial condition.
The concentration of the Company's investment portfolios in any particular single-issuer or sector of the economy may have an adverse
effect on the Company's financial position or results of operations.
Negative events or developments affecting any particular single issuer, industry, group of related industries, asset class or geographic sector may
have an adverse impact on a particular holding or set of holdings, which may increase risk of loss from defaults due to non-payment of interest or
principal. To the extent the Company has concentrated positions, it could have an adverse effect on the Company's results of operations and
financial position.
18
Item 1A. Risk Factors
See the "Investments" section of Item 7, MD&A, and the "Credit Risk" section of Item 7A, Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market
Risk, for more information.
Operational-Related Risk Factors
Major public health issues, and specifically the novel coronavirus COVID-19 and any resulting economic effects could have an adverse
impact on the Company's financial condition and results of operations and other aspects of its business.
The Company continues to closely monitor developments related to the COVID-19 pandemic to assess its impact on the Company's business. Due
to the evolving and highly uncertain nature of this event, including fluctuations in infection and death rates in the United States, Japan and other
regions of the world, and global efforts to develop and distribute a vaccine, the COVID-19 pandemic could impact the Company's business, financial
condition, results of operations, capital position, liquidity or prospects in a number of ways. The pandemic may cause changes to estimates of future
earnings, capital deployment and other guidance the Company has provided to the markets in the "2021 Outlook" section of Item 7, MD&A.
There can be no assurance that governmental interventions in the U.S. and Japan will be effective to mitigate adverse impacts on financial markets
and the Company’s investment portfolio, and the effects of the pandemic and the response of governmental entities, public health authorities and
private entities on the U.S., Japan and global economies cannot be predicted. The pace and magnitude of changes to levels of unemployment, the
significant government responses to date, and the continuing effort to contain the impact of COVID-19 in the U.S., among other factors, introduces
significant uncertainty about the severity and duration of the pandemic’s effects on the U.S. economy. The Company also cannot predict how legal
and regulatory responses to concerns about COVID-19 and related public health issues will affect its business. The extent to which the pandemic
will impact the Company's business, results of operations, financial condition, capital position, liquidity or prospects, as well as those of its
customers, agents, brokers and other distribution partners, vendors and counterparties, will depend on future developments that are highly uncertain
and cannot be predicted, including new information that may emerge concerning the severity of COVID-19 and the actions taken to contain or treat
its impact.
As a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, the Company may face increased costs associated with claims under its policies, customers experiencing
difficulty paying premiums or policies being designated as “no lapse” for periods of time. In particular, Aflac U.S. may experience higher lapses
because a higher concentration of its policies in force are associated with small business and the correlation of lapse rates to unemployment. These
small businesses may be disproportionately negatively impacted by the economic uncertainty surrounding COVID-19. The cost of reinsurance to the
Company for these policies could increase, and the Company may encounter decreased availability of such reinsurance.
Policies issued by Aflac Japan and Aflac U.S. are primarily sold and enrolled in person through face-to-face interaction. Likewise, recruiting of new
agents and brokers largely occurs through in-person contact. The ability of individual agents and agencies, strategic alliance partners, brokers and
other distribution partners to make sales in Japan and the U.S. and the ability to conduct agent and broker recruiting has been significantly reduced
by efforts to mitigate the effects of the pandemic, including social distancing guidelines issued by public health authorities and/or other authorities,
government shelter in place orders or requirements, and requests or orders by employers that their employees work remotely. Further, in both Japan
and the U.S., a significant amount of sales have historically been made to individuals and businesses who may, in light of the economic and social
effects of the pandemic and for an indeterminate amount of time, lack the certainty or financial resources to purchase the Company’s products or
maintain premium payments on policies already purchased. Further, independent of whether government and public health authorities impose or
withdraw shelter in place orders or requirements and social distancing guidelines issued to date, businesses and individuals may voluntarily continue
to exercise social distancing techniques, which may hinder sales of the Company’s products in Japan and the U.S. The Company cannot predict
with certainty the impact of these events on its distribution channels and financial results, but the impact to date has been more acute for Aflac U.S.
due to the higher number of confirmed COVID-19 cases and deaths in the U.S. to date compared with Japan, both in absolute terms and in
proportion to national populations, as well as the historically lower rate of persistency in the Aflac U.S. business. The Company also considers that
most Aflac U.S. business customers, and most of the independent agents in its agency channel, are small businesses who may lack the financial
resources to weather an economic downturn, which may impact sales beyond 2020. For example, as of December 31, 2020, over 400,000 of the
Aflac U.S. business accounts are small businesses with under 100 employees. See the risk factors entitled “Sales of the Company's products and
services are dependent on its ability to attract, retain and support a network of qualified sales associates, brokers and employees in the U.S. and
sales associates and other distribution partners in Japan” and “Difficult conditions in global capital markets and the economy, including those caused
19
Item 1A. Risk Factors
by the novel coronavirus COVID-19, could have a material adverse effect on the Company's investments, capital position, revenue, profitability, and
liquidity and harm the Company's business” for more information.
Further, the Company's operations, as well as those of its vendors, service providers and counterparties, may also be adversely affected by the
COVID-19 pandemic or the mitigation efforts outlined above. The business and operational impacts of extended periods of working from home
cannot be predicted with certainty and may have an adverse impact on the Company’s ability to conduct its business. In the U.S. and Japan, the
Company has approximately 95% and 50%, respectively, of its employees working remotely. The Company expects to ultimately implement return to
work plans for Aflac Japan and Aflac U.S. that will be based upon multiple factors including government mandates, guidelines issued by public
health authorities, the location and job responsibilities of specific Company personnel, and the availability and efficacy of one or more therapies or
vaccines for use by the Company’s workforce. Such plans may be implemented in stages over an extended period of time, but the Company may
nevertheless experience operational disruptions when employees return to work.
The assumptions and estimates that the Company uses in establishing premiums and reserves depend on the Company's judgment regarding the
likelihood of future events and are inherently uncertain, including without limitation in regard to the effects of COVID-19. See the risk factor entitled “If
future policy benefits, claims or expenses exceed those anticipated in establishing premiums and reserves, the Company's financial results would be
adversely affected” and the "Executive Summary" section of Item 7, MD&A, for more information.
For more information on the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on markets and investments, see the risk factor entitled, “Difficult conditions in global
capital markets and the economy, including those caused by the novel coronavirus COVID-19, could have a material adverse effect on the
Company's investments, capital position, revenue, profitability, and liquidity and harm the Company's business.”
Sales of the Company's products and services are dependent on its ability to attract, retain and support a network of qualified sales
associates, brokers and employees in the U.S. and sales associates and other distribution partners in Japan.
The Company's sales, results of operations and financial condition could be materially adversely affected if its sales networks deteriorate or if the
Company does not adequately provide support, training and education for its existing network of sales associates, brokers, other distribution
partners and employees. In the U.S., competition exists for sales associates and brokers with demonstrated ability. In Japan, the Company's sales
results are dependent upon its relationship with sales associates and other distribution partners, including its strategic partner, Japan Post.
The Company competes with other insurers and financial institutions primarily on the basis of its products, compensation, support services and
financial rating. The Company's sales associates, brokers and other distribution partners are independent contractors and may sell products of its
competitors. If the Company's competitors offer products that are more attractive, or pay higher commissions than the Company does, any or all of
these distribution partners may concentrate their efforts on selling the Company's competitors' products instead of the Company's. In addition to the
Company's commissioned sales force in the U.S., Aflac has expanded its sales leadership team to include a salaried sales force of over 200 market
directors and broker sales professionals. The Company's inability to attract and retain qualified sales associates, brokers and other distribution
partners, including its alliance partners in Japan, could have a material adverse effect on the Company's sales, results of operations and financial
condition.
Additionally, as the Japan and U.S. employment markets continue to evolve, there is risk that the Company's practices regarding attracting,
developing, and retaining employees may not be fully effective. Failure to successfully meet and maintain sufficient levels of employees may
diminish the Company's ability to achieve its financial and compliance objectives, both of which are time consuming and personnel-intensive.
For more information on the strategic partnership with Japan Post, see the risk factor entitled "Events related to the ongoing Japan Post
investigation and other matters regarding sales of Japan Post Insurance products could negatively impact the Company’s sales and results of
operations." For more information on the effects of COVID, see the risk factor entitled, “Major public health issues, and specifically the novel
coronavirus COVID-19 and any resulting economic effects could have an adverse impact on the Company's financial condition and results of
operations and other aspects of its business.”
20
Item 1A. Risk Factors
If future policy benefits, claims or expenses exceed those anticipated in establishing premiums and reserves, the Company's financial
results would be adversely affected.
The assumptions and estimates that the Company uses in establishing premiums and reserves depend on the Company's judgment regarding the
likelihood of future events and are inherently uncertain. Many factors can cause actual outcomes to deviate from these assumptions and estimates,
such as changes in incidence rates, economic conditions, changes in government healthcare policy, advances in medical technology, changes in
treatment patterns, and changes in average lifespan. Accordingly, the Company cannot determine with precision the ultimate amounts that it will pay
for, or the timing of payment of, actual benefits and claims or whether the assets supporting the policy liabilities will grow to the level the Company
assumes prior to payment of benefits or claims. If the Company's actual experience is different from its assumptions or estimates, the Company's
premiums and reserves may prove inadequate. As a result, the Company would incur a charge to earnings in the period in which it determines such
a shortfall exists, which could have a material adverse effect on the Company's business, results of operations and financial condition.
The success of the Company's business depends in part on effective information technology systems and on continuing to develop and
implement improvements in technology.
The Company's business depends in large part on its technology systems for interacting with employers, policyholders, sales associates, and
brokers, and the Company's business strategy involves providing customers with easy-to-use products to meet their needs and ensuring employees
have the technology in place to support those needs. Some of the Company's information technology systems and software are older, legacy-type
systems that are less efficient and require an ongoing commitment of significant resources to maintain or upgrade to current standards including
adequate business continuity procedures. The Company is in a continual state of upgrading and enhancing its business systems and has increased
the pace of such enhancements in recent years, particularly during the COVID-19 pandemic, given the growing importance of virtual sales to both
Aflac Japan and Aflac U.S. These changes tend to be accompanied by large expenditures and challenge the Company's complex integrated
environment. If the Company does not maintain the effectiveness of its systems and continue to develop and enhance information systems that
support its business processes in a cost-efficient manner, the Company's sales, business retention, operations and reputation could be adversely
affected and it could be exposed to litigation, regulatory proceedings and fines or penalties.
Interruption in telecommunication, information technology and other operational systems, or a failure to maintain the security,
confidentiality, integrity or privacy of sensitive data residing on such systems, could harm the Company's business.
The Company stores confidential policyholder, employee, agent, and other proprietary information on its information technology systems. The
Company also depends heavily on its telecommunication, information technology and other operational systems and on the integrity and timeliness
of data it uses to run its businesses and service its customers. The Company’s information technology and other systems, as well as those of third
party providers and participants in the Company’s distribution channels, have been and will likely continue to be subject to physical or electronic
break-ins, unauthorized tampering, security breaches, social engineering, phishing, web application attacks, computer viruses or other malicious
codes, or other cyber-attacks, that may result in the failure to adequately maintain the security, confidentiality, integrity, or privacy of sensitive data,
including personal information relating to customers and prospective customers, or in the misappropriation of the Company's intellectual property or
proprietary information. Although the Company attempts to manage its exposure to such events through the purchase of cyber liability insurance,
such events are inherently unpredictable and insurance may not be sufficient to protect the Company against all losses. As a result, events such as
these could adversely affect the Company's financial condition or results of operation. Although the minor data leakage issues the Company has
experienced to date have not had a material effect on its business, there is no assurance that the Company's security systems or processes will
prevent or mitigate future break-ins, tampering, security breaches or other cyber-attacks.
Interruption in telecommunication, information technology and other operational systems, or a failure to maintain the security, confidentiality or
privacy of sensitive data residing on such systems, whether due to actions by the Company or others, including third party providers and participants
in the company’s distribution channels, could delay or disrupt the Company's ability to do business and service its customers, seriously harm the
Company's brand, reputation, and ability to compete effectively, subject it to regulatory sanctions and other claims, lead to a loss of customers and
revenues and otherwise adversely affect the Company's business. In addition, the costs to address or remediate system interruptions or security
threats and vulnerabilities, whether before or after an incident, could be significant.
As a holding company, the Parent Company depends on the ability of its subsidiaries to transfer funds to it to meet its debt service and
other obligations and to pay dividends on its common stock.
21
Item 1A. Risk Factors
The Parent Company is a holding company and has no direct operations, and its most significant assets are the stock of its subsidiaries. Because
the Parent Company conducts its operations through its operating subsidiaries, the Parent Company depends on those entities for dividends and
other payments to generate the funds necessary to meet its debt service and other obligations, to pay dividends on and conduct repurchases of its
common stock, and to make investments into its subsidiaries or external opportunities.
Aflac is domiciled in Nebraska and is subject to insurance regulations that impose certain limitations and restrictions on payments of dividends,
management fees, loans and advances by Aflac to the Parent Company. The Nebraska insurance statutes require prior approval for dividend
distributions that exceed the greater of the net income from operations, which excludes net realized investment gains, for the previous year
determined under statutory accounting principles, or 10% of statutory capital and surplus as of the previous year-end. The Nebraska insurance
department also must approve service arrangements and other transactions within the affiliated group of companies. After the Japan branch
conversion, the Nebraska insurance department and the FSA approved their respective domiciled insurance company service arrangements and
transactions. The FSA does not allow dividends or other payments from Aflac Japan unless it meets certain financial criteria as governed by
Japanese corporate law. Under these criteria, dividend capacity at the Japan subsidiary will be defined as retained earnings plus other capital
reserve less net after-tax net unrealized losses on available-for-sale securities.
The ability of Aflac and Aflac Japan to pay dividends or make other payments to the Parent Company could also be constrained by the Company's
dependency on financial strength ratings from independent rating agencies. The Company's ratings from these agencies depend to a large extent on
Aflac's capitalization level. Any inability of Aflac to pay dividends or make other payments to the Parent Company could have a material adverse
effect on the Company's financial condition and results of operations.
For the foregoing reasons, there is no assurance that the earnings from, or other available assets of, the Parent Company's operating subsidiaries
will be sufficient to make distributions to enable the Company to operate.
The Company's risk management policies and procedures may prove to be ineffective and leave the Company exposed to unidentified or
unanticipated risk, which could adversely affect the Company's businesses or result in losses.
The Company has developed an enterprise-wide risk management and governance framework to mitigate risk and loss to the Company. The
Company maintains policies, procedures and controls intended to identify, measure, monitor, report and analyze the risks to which the Company is
exposed.
However, there are inherent limitations to risk management strategies because risk may exist, or emerge in the future, that the Company has not
appropriately anticipated or identified. If the Company's risk management framework proves ineffective, the Company may suffer unexpected losses
and could be materially adversely affected. As the Company's businesses change and the markets in which it operates evolve, the Company's risk
management framework may not evolve at the same pace as those changes, and risks may not be appropriately identified, monitored or managed.
In times of market stress, unanticipated market movements or unanticipated claims experience resulting from greater than expected morbidity,
mortality, longevity, or persistency, the effectiveness of the Company's risk management strategies may be limited, resulting in losses to the
Company. Under difficult or less liquid market conditions, the Company's risk management strategies may be ineffective or more difficult or
expensive to execute because other market participants may be using the same or similar strategies to manage risk.
Many of the Company's risk management strategies or techniques are based upon historical customer and market behavior and all such strategies
and techniques are based to some degree on management’s subjective judgment. The Company cannot provide assurance that its risk
management framework, including the underlying assumptions or strategies, will be accurate and effective.
Management of operational, legal and regulatory risks requires, among other things, policies, procedures and controls to record properly and verify a
large number of transactions and events, and these policies, procedures and controls may not be fully effective. The Company's businesses and
corporate areas primarily use models to project future cash flows associated with pricing products, calculating reserves and valuing assets, and
evaluating risk and determining capital requirements, among other uses. These models are utilized under a risk management policy approved by the
Company's executive risk management committees, however, the models may not operate properly and rely on assumptions and projections that
are inherently uncertain. As the Company's businesses continue to grow and evolve, the number and complexity of models the Company utilizes
expands, increasing the Company's exposure to error in the design, implementation or use of models, including the associated input data and
assumptions.
22
Item 1A. Risk Factors
Past or future misconduct by the Company's employees or employees of third parties (suppliers which are cost-based relationships and alliance
partners which are revenue-generating relationships) could result in violations of law by the Company, regulatory sanctions and/or serious
reputational or financial harm, and the precautions the Company takes to prevent and detect this activity may not be effective in all cases. Despite
the Company's published Supplier Code of Conduct, due diligence of the Company's alliance partners, and rigorous contracting procedures
(including financial, legal, IT security, and risk reviews), there can be no assurance that controls and procedures that the Company employs will be
effective. Additionally, the use of third parties also poses operational risks that could result in financial loss, operational disruption, brand damage, or
compliance issues. Inadequate oversight of Aflac’s third party suppliers due to the lack of policies, procedures, training and governance may lead to
financial loss or damage to the Aflac brand.
Regulatory Risk Factors
Events related to the ongoing Japan Post investigation and other matters regarding sales of Japan Post Insurance products could
negatively impact the Company’s sales and results of operations
As previously disclosed, in July 2019 Japan Post Insurance Co., LTD (JPI) and Japan Post Co., LTD (JPC), each an affiliate of Japan Post Holdings
(together with JPI and JPC, the Japan Post Group) announced that they had established a Special Investigative Committee to determine whether
JPC and JPI sales practices with respect to JPI products had caused disadvantages to customers holding such policies that were not otherwise the
result of honoring such customers’ intentions.
While the sale of Aflac Japan cancer insurance products was not within the scope of the JPI investigation or the business suspension orders,
beginning in August 2019 the Company has experienced a material decrease of sales in the Japan Post Group channel. This decline continued into
2020 and the Company believes it was exacerbated by the effects of COVID-19. The Company further believes that sales of Aflac Japan cancer
insurance through JPC and JPI are unlikely to return to 2018 levels in the near term. After the issuance of a three month business suspension order
by the FSA in December 2019, JPI announced on September 11, 2020 that it would resume operations aimed at regaining customers' trust on
October 5, 2020, but the timeline for resumption of normal sales remains unclear. It is uncertain what long-term effect these developments will have
on the Company’s results of operations or financial condition, but any such effects could be material. See the "Aflac Japan Segment" section of Item
7. MD&A for more information.
Tax rates applicable to the Company may change.
The Company is subject to taxation in Japan, and in the U.S. under federal and numerous state and local tax jurisdictions. In preparing the
Company's financial statements, the Company estimates the amount of tax that will become payable, but the Company's effective tax rate may be
different than estimates due to numerous factors including accounting for income taxes, the mix of earnings from Japan and the U.S., the results of
tax audits, adjustments to the value of uncertain tax positions, changes to estimates and other factors. Further, changes in U.S. or Japan tax laws or
interpretations of such laws could increase the Company's corporate taxes and reduce earnings.
In addition, it remains difficult to predict the timing and effect that future tax law changes could have on the Company's earnings both in the U.S. and
in foreign jurisdictions, including in connection with a new presidential administration in the United States in 2021. Any of these factors could cause
the Company to experience an effective tax rate significantly different from previous periods or the Company's current estimates. If the Company's
effective tax rate were to increase, the Company's financial condition and results of operations could be adversely affected.
If the Company fails to comply with restrictions on customer privacy and information security, including taking steps to ensure that its
third-party service providers and business associates who access, store, process or transmit sensitive customer information maintain its
security, integrity, confidentiality and availability, the Company's reputation and business operations could be materially adversely
affected.
The collection, maintenance, use, protection, disclosure and disposal of individually identifiable data by the Company's businesses are regulated at
the international, federal and state levels. These laws and rules are subject to change by legislation or administrative or judicial interpretation. With
regard to personal information obtained from policyholders, the insured, or others, Aflac Japan is regulated in Japan by the APPI and guidelines
issued by FSA and other governmental authorities.
Various state laws in the U.S. address the unauthorized access and acquisition of personal information and the use and disclosure of individually
identifiable health data. HIPAA requires the Company to impose privacy and security requirements on its business associates (as such term is
defined in the HIPAA regulations). The U.S. Congress and many
23
Item 1A. Risk Factors
states are considering new privacy and security requirements that would apply to the Company's business. Compliance with new privacy and
security laws, requirements, and new regulations may result in cost increases due to necessary systems changes, new limitations or constraints on
the Company's business models, the development of new administrative processes, and the effects of potential noncompliance by the Company's
business associates. They also may impose further restrictions on the Company's collection, disclosure and use of customer identifiable data that
are housed in one or more of the Company's administrative databases. Noncompliance with any privacy laws or any security breach involving the
misappropriation, loss, theft or other unauthorized disclosure of sensitive or confidential customer information, whether by the Company or by one of
its third parties, could have a material adverse effect on the Company's business, reputation, brand and results of operations, including: material
fines and penalties; compensatory, special, punitive and statutory damages; consent orders regarding the Company's privacy and security practices;
adverse actions against the Company's licenses to do business; and injunctive relief.
In addition, under Japanese laws and regulations, including the APPI, if a leak or loss of personal information by Aflac Japan or its business
associates should occur, depending on factors such as the volume of personal data involved and the likelihood of other secondary damage, Aflac
Japan may be required to file reports to the FSA; issue public releases explaining such incident to the public; or become subject to an FSA business
improvement order, which could pose a risk to the Company's reputation.
Although the Company provides for appropriate protections through its contracts and performs information security risk assessments of its third-party
service providers and business associates, the Company still has limited control over their actions and practices. In addition, despite the security
measures the Company has in place to ensure compliance with applicable laws and rules, the Company's facilities and systems, and those of the
Company's third-party providers and participants in its distribution channels may be vulnerable to security breaches, acts of vandalism or theft,
computer viruses, misplaced or lost data, programming and/or human errors or other similar events. From time to time, the Company, its third party
providers and participants in the Company’s distribution channels have experienced and will likely continue to experience such events. In such
cases, notification to affected individuals, state and federal regulators, state attorneys general and media may be required, depending upon the
number of affected individuals and whether personal information including health or financial data was subject to unauthorized access.
Extensive regulation and changes in legislation can impact profitability and growth.
Aflac's insurance subsidiaries are subject to complex laws and regulations that are administered and enforced by a number of governmental
authorities, that exercise a degree of interpretive latitude, including the FSA and Ministry of Finance (MOF) in Japan, and state insurance regulators,
the SEC, the NAIC, the FIO, the U.S. Department of Justice, state attorneys general, the U.S. Commodity Futures Trading Commission, and the
U.S. Treasury, including the Internal Revenue Service (IRS), in the U.S. The Company is subject to the risk that compliance with any particular
regulator's or enforcement authority's interpretation of a legal or regulatory issue may result in non-compliance with another regulator's or
enforcement authority's interpretation of the same issue, particularly when compliance is judged in hindsight. There is also a risk that any particular
regulator's or enforcement authority's interpretation of a legal or regulatory issue may change over time to the Company's detriment. In addition,
changes in the overall legal or regulatory environment may, even absent any particular regulator's or enforcement authority's interpretation of an
issue changing, cause the Company to change its views regarding the actions it needs to take from a legal or regulatory risk management
perspective. This may necessitate changes to the Company's practices that may, in some cases, limit its ability to grow or otherwise negatively
impact the profitability of the Company's business.
Regulatory authorities periodically re-examine existing laws and regulations applicable to insurance companies and their products. Changes in these
laws and regulations, or in interpretations thereof, could have a material adverse effect on the Company's financial condition and results of
operations. If the Company's subsidiaries fail to meet the minimum capital or operational requirements established by its respective regulators, they
could be subject to examination or corrective action, or the Company's financial strength ratings could be downgraded, or both.
Compliance with applicable laws and regulations is time consuming and personnel-intensive, and changes in these laws and regulations may
materially increase the Company's direct and indirect compliance and other expenses of doing business, thus having a material adverse effect on
the Company's financial condition and results of operations. See the “Government Regulation” subsections of Item 1, Business, for more
information.
24
Item 1A. Risk Factors
General Risk Factors
Competition could adversely affect the Company's ability to increase or maintain its market share or profitability.
The Company operates in a competitive environment and in an industry that is subject to ongoing changes from market pressures brought about by
customer demands, legislative reform, marketing practices and changes to health care and health insurance delivery. These factors require the
Company to anticipate market trends and make changes to differentiate the Company's products and services from those of its competitors. The
Company also faces potential competition from existing or new companies in the U.S. and Japan that have not historically been active in the
supplemental health insurance industry, but some of which have greater financial, marketing and management resources than the Company.
Further, some of these potential competitors could introduce new means of product development and delivery that disrupt the Company’s business
model. Failure to anticipate market trends and/or to differentiate the Company's products and services can affect the Company's ability to retain or
grow profitable lines of business. Further, as employers and brokers are increasingly requesting a full suite of products from one insurance provider,
a failure to react and adapt to these demands could result in decreased sales or market share.
The insurance market is undergoing rapid changes with frequent introductions of new technology-driven products and services. The Company's
future success will depend, in part, on its ability to keep pace with the technological changes and to use technology to satisfy and grow customer
demand for the Company's products and services and to create additional efficiencies in its operations. The Company expects that it will need to
continue making substantial investments in its technology and information systems to compete effectively and to stay current with technological
changes. The Company may not be able to effectively implement new technology-driven products and services or be successful in marketing these
products and services to its customers. A failure to meet evolving customer demands through innovative product development, effective distribution
channels, and continuous investment in the Company's technology could result in lower revenues and less favorable policy terms and conditions,
which could adversely affect the Company's operating results. As a result, the Company's ability to effectively compete to retain or acquire new
business may be impaired, and its business, financial condition or results of operations may be adversely affected.
Catastrophic events, including as a result of climate change, could adversely affect the Company's financial condition and results of
operations as well as the availability of the Company’s infrastructure and systems.
The Company's insurance operations are exposed to the risk of catastrophic events including, but not necessarily limited to, epidemics, pandemics,
tornadoes, hurricanes, earthquakes, tsunamis, war or other military action, and terrorism or other acts of violence. Claims resulting from natural or
man-made catastrophic events could cause substantial volatility in the Company's financial results for any fiscal quarter or year and could materially
reduce its profitability or harm the Company's financial condition, as well as affect its ability to write new business. In addition, such events may lead
to periods of voluntary or required premium grace periods, which may lead to volatility in lapse rates and premium persistency.
Additionally, the Company's business operations may be adversely affected by such catastrophic events to the extent they disrupt the Company's
physical infrastructure, human resources or systems that support its businesses and customers. Although the Company has a global crisis
management framework to minimize the business disruption from a catastrophic event, such framework may not be effective to avoid an adverse
impact to the Company from such an event.
Climate change may increase the frequency and severity of natural disasters such as hurricanes, tornadoes, floods and forest fires. Further, the
Company cannot predict the effects that any legal or regulatory changes made in response to climate change concerns would have on the
Company’s business. In addition, while assessment of risks related to climate change are part of the Company's credit review process, climate
change-related risks may adversely impact the value of the securities that the Company holds.
Events, including those external to the Company's operations, could damage the Company's reputation.
The Company has made significant investments in the Aflac brand over a long period of time. Because insurance products are intangible, the
Company's ability to compete for and maintain policyholders relies to a large extent on consumer trust in the Company's business, including its
alliance partners, sales associates and other distribution partners. The perception of unfavorable business practices, lack of commitment to
sustainability efforts and attention to societal impacts, or financial weakness with respect to the Company, its alliance partners, sales associates or
other distribution partners could create doubt regarding the Company's ability to honor the commitments it has made to its policyholders. Such a
perception could also negatively impact the Company’s ability to attract and retain qualified sales associates, brokers and other distribution partners,
including its alliance partners in Japan, and could have a material adverse effect on the
25
Item 1A. Risk Factors
Company's sales, results of operations and financial condition. Maintaining the Company's stature as a trustworthy insurer and responsible
corporate citizen, which helps support the strength of the Company's brand, is critical to the Company's reputation and the failure or perceived failure
to do so could adversely affect the Company's brand value, financial condition and results of operations.
The Company depends heavily on key management personnel, and the loss of services of one or more of its key executives could harm
the Company's business.
The Company’s success depends to a significant extent upon the efforts and abilities of its key management personnel. The loss of the services of
one or more of the Company's senior executives could significantly undermine its management expertise, and the Company's business could be
adversely affected.
Changes in accounting standards issued by the Financial Accounting Standard Boards (FASB) or other standard-setting bodies may
adversely affect the Company's financial statements.
The Company's financial statements are subject to the application of U.S. GAAP, which is periodically revised and/or expanded. Accordingly, from
time to time the Company is required to adopt new or revised accounting standards issued by recognized authoritative bodies, including the FASB.
Changes to accounting standards could have a material adverse effect on the Company's results of operations and financial condition. See Note 1 of
the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements for more information.
The Company faces risks related to litigation, regulatory investigations and inquiry and other matters.
The Company is a defendant in various lawsuits considered to be in the normal course of business. The final results of any litigation cannot be
predicted with certainty, and plaintiffs may seek very large amounts in class actions or other litigation. Although some of this litigation is pending in
states where large punitive damages, bearing little relation to the actual damages sustained by plaintiffs, have been awarded in recent years, the
Company believes the outcome of pending litigation will not have a material adverse effect on its financial position, results of operations, or cash
flows. However, a substantial legal liability or a significant federal, state or other regulatory action against the Company, as well as regulatory
inquiries or investigations, could harm the Company's reputation, result in changes in operations, result in material fines or penalties, result in
significant costs due to legal fees, settlements or judgments against the Company, or otherwise have a material adverse effect on the Company's
business, financial condition and results of operations. Without limiting the foregoing, the litigation and regulatory matters the Company is, has been,
or may become, subject to include matters related to sales agent recruiting, policy sales practices, claim payments and procedures including denial
or delay of benefits, material misstatements or omissions in the Company's financial reports or other public statements, and/or corporate
governance, corporate culture or business ethics matters. Further, the Company may be subject to claims of or litigation regarding sexual or other
forms of misconduct or harassment, or discrimination on the basis of race, color, national origin, religion, gender, or other bases, notwithstanding
that the Company's Code of Business Conduct and Ethics prohibits such harassment and discrimination by its employees, the Company has
ongoing training programs and provides opportunities to report claims of noncompliant conduct, and it investigates and may take disciplinary action
regarding alleged harassment or discrimination. Any violations of or deviation from laws, regulations, internal or external codes or standards of
normative behavior, or perceptions of such violations or deviations, by the Company's employees or by independent sales agents could adversely
impact the Company's reputation and brand value, financial condition and results of operations.
Allegations or determinations of agent misclassification could adversely affect the Company’s results of operations, financial condition
and liquidity.
A majority of the Company's U.S. sales force is, and has historically been, comprised of independent agents. While the Company believes that it has
properly classified such agents as independent contractors, the Company may be subject to claims, regulatory action by state or federal
departments of labor or tax authorities, changes in state or federal law, or litigation asserting that such agents are employees. The laws and
regulations governing the classification of workers in the U.S. may be changed or interpreted differently compared to past interpretations, including in
states where the Company generates significant sales through independent agents. An allegation or determination that independent agents in the
Company’s U.S. sales force have been misclassified as independent contractors could result in changes in the Company’s operations and U.S.
business model, result in material fines or penalties, result in significant costs due to legal fees, settlements or judgments against the Company, or
otherwise have a material adverse effect on the Company's business, results of operation, financial condition and liquidity.
26
Item 1B. Unresolved Staff Comments
ITEM 1B. UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS
Not applicable.
ITEM 2. PROPERTIES
In the U.S., the Company owns land and buildings that comprise two primary campuses located in Columbus, Georgia. These campuses include
buildings that serve as the Company's worldwide headquarters and house administrative support and information technology functions for U.S.
operations. The Company leases office space in Columbia, South Carolina, which houses the Company's CAIC subsidiary (branded as Aflac Group
Insurance). The Company also leases office space in New York that houses the Company's Global Investment division. The Company also leases
administrative office space throughout the U.S., Puerto Rico and the United Kingdom.
In Tokyo, Japan, the Company has two primary campuses. The first campus includes a building, owned by the Company, for the customer call
center, the claims department, the information technology departments, and training facility. This campus also includes a leased property, which
houses the Company's policy administration and customer service departments. The second campus comprises leased space, which serves as the
Company's headquarters and houses administrative and investment support functions. The Company also leases additional office space in Tokyo,
along with regional offices located throughout the country.
The Company believes its properties are adequate and suitable for its business as currently conducted and are adequately maintained.
ITEM 3. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
The Company is a defendant in various lawsuits considered to be in the normal course of business. Members of the Company's senior legal and
financial management teams review litigation on a quarterly and annual basis. The final results of any litigation cannot be predicted with certainty.
Although some of this litigation is pending in states where large punitive damages, bearing little relation to the actual damages sustained by
plaintiffs, have been awarded in recent years, the Company believes the outcome of pending litigation will not have a material adverse effect on its
financial position, results of operations, or cash flows.
ITEM 4. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES
Not applicable.
27
Item 5. Market for Registrant's Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities
ITEM 5. MARKET FOR REGISTRANT'S COMMON EQUITY, RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS AND ISSUER
PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES
PART II
Market Information
Aflac Incorporated's common stock is principally traded on the New York Stock Exchange under the symbol AFL.
Holders
As of February 17, 2021, there were 86,569 holders of record of the Company's common stock.
Dividends
For a summary of dividends paid to shareholders in 2020 and 2019 and potential restrictions on the Company's ability to pay future dividends, see
the Liquidity and Capital Resources section of Item 7. MD&A.
28
Item 5. Market for Registrant's Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities
Stock Performance Graph
The following graph compares the five-year performance of the Company's common stock to the Standard & Poor's 500 Index (S&P 500) and the
Standard & Poor's Life and Health Insurance Index (S&P Life and Health). The Standard & Poor's Life and Health Insurance Index includes: Aflac
Incorporated, Globe Life Inc., Lincoln National Corporation, MetLife Inc., Principal Financial Group Inc., Prudential Financial Inc. and Unum Group.
Aflac Incorporated
S&P 500
S&P Life & Health Insurance
Performance Graphic Index
December 31,
2015
100.00
100.00
100.00
2016
119.11
111.96
124.86
2017
153.65
136.40
145.37
2018
163.20
130.42
115.17
2019
193.48
171.49
141.88
2020
167.21
203.04
128.43
Copyright
©
2021 Standard & Poor’s, a division of S&P Global. All rights reserved.
29
Item 5. Market for Registrant's Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities
Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities
During the year ended December 31, 2020, the Company repurchased shares of Aflac common stock as follows:
Period
January 1 - January 31
February 1 - February 29
March 1 - March 31
April 1 - April 30
May 1 - May 31
June 1 - June 30
July 1 - July 31
August 1 - August 31
September 1 - September 30
October 1 - October 31
November 1 - November 30
December 1 - December 31
Total
Total
Number of
Shares
Purchased
3,906,085
2,870,531
3,715,439
1,890,000
1,721,653
1,609,905
2,045,100
3,929,149
4,961,219
2,533,700
3,206,400
6,051,715
38,440,896
(1)
Average
Price Paid
Per Share
52.61
$
50.93
33.46
35.74
34.95
37.48
35.76
36.98
36.79
36.83
42.72
44.62
40.72
$
Total
Number
of Shares
Purchased
as Part of
Publicly
Announced
Plans or
Programs
3,906,085
2,367,300
3,710,430
1,890,000
1,720,900
1,597,741
2,045,100
3,913,300
4,957,427
2,533,700
3,206,400
6,050,404
37,898,787
Maximum Number of
Shares that May Yet
Be Purchased Under
the Plans or
Programs
33,147,528
30,780,228
27,069,798
25,179,798
23,458,898
21,861,157
19,816,057
115,903,549
110,946,122
108,412,422
105,206,022
99,155,618
99,155,618
(1)
During the year ended December 31, 2020, 542,109 shares were purchased in connection with income tax withholding obligations related to the vesting of
restricted-share-based awards during the period.
30
Item 6. Selected Financial Data
ITEM 6. SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA
(In millions, except for share and per-share amounts)
Revenues:
Net premiums, principally supplemental
health insurance
Net investment income
Net investment gains (losses)
Other income
Total revenues
Benefits and expenses:
Benefits and claims, net
Expenses
Total benefits and expenses
Pretax earnings
Income taxes
Net earnings
Share and Per-Share Amounts
Net earnings (basic)
Net earnings (diluted)
Cash dividends paid
Cash dividends declared
Weighted-average common shares used for basic
EPS (In thousands)
Weighted-average common shares used for diluted
EPS (In thousands)
Supplemental Data
Yen/dollar exchange rate at year-end (yen)
Weighted-average yen/dollar exchange rate (yen)
Aflac Incorporated and Subsidiaries
Years Ended December 31,
2020
2019
2018
2017
2016
$
$
$
18,622
3,638
(270)
157
22,147
11,796
6,192
17,988
4,159
(619)
4,778
6.69
6.67
1.12
1.45
$
$
$
18,780
3,578
(135)
84
22,307
11,942
5,920
17,862
4,445
1,141
3,304
4.45
4.43
1.08
1.08
$
$
$
18,677
3,442
(430)
69
21,758
12,000
5,775
17,775
3,983
1,063
2,920
3.79
3.77
1.04
1.04
$
$
$
18,531
3,220
(151)
67
21,667
12,181
5,468
17,649
4,018
(586)
4,604
5.81
5.77
.87
.87
$
$
$
19,225
3,278
(14)
70
22,559
12,919
5,573
18,492
4,067
1,408
2,659
3.23
3.21
.83
.83
713,702
742,414
769,588
792,042
822,942
716,192
746,430
774,650
797,861
827,841
103.50
106.86
109.56
109.07
111.00
110.39
113.00
112.16
116.49
108.70
31
Item 6. Selected Financial Data
(In millions)
Assets:
Investments and cash
Other
Total assets
Liabilities and shareholders’ equity:
Policy liabilities
Income taxes
Notes payable and lease obligations
Other liabilities
Shareholders’ equity
(1)
Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity
Aflac Incorporated and Subsidiaries
December 31,
2020
2019
2018
2017
2016
$ 149,753
15,333
$ 165,086
$ 138,091
14,677
$ 152,768
$ 126,243
14,163
$ 140,406
$ 123,659
13,558
$ 137,217
$ 116,361
13,458
$ 129,819
$ 114,391
4,661
7,899
4,576
33,559
$ 165,086
$ 106,554
5,370
6,569
5,316
28,959
$ 152,768
$ 103,188
4,020
5,778
3,958
23,462
$ 140,406
$
99,147
4,745
5,289
3,438
24,598
$ 137,217
$
93,726
5,387
5,360
4,864
20,482
$ 129,819
(1)
See Note 1 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements for the adoption of accounting guidance on January 1, 2019 related to leases.
32
Item 7. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF
OPERATIONS
Certain statements included in this section constitute forward-looking statements within the meaning of the U.S. Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995.
Forward-looking statements are made based on management’s current expectations and beliefs concerning future developments and their potential effects upon
the Company. The Company’s actual results may differ, possibly materially, from expectations or estimates reflected in such forward-looking statements. Certain
important factors that could cause actual results to differ, possibly materially, from expectations or estimates reflected in such forward-looking statements can be
found in the “Risk Factors” and “Forward-Looking Statements” sections herein.
The following financial review provides a discussion of the Company’s results of operations and financial condition, as well as a summary of the
Company’s critical accounting estimates. This section should be read in conjunction with Part I - Item 1. Business and the audited consolidated
financial statements and accompanying notes included in Part II - Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data of this report. This MD&A is
divided into the following sections:
MD&A OVERVIEW
Executive Summary
Industry Trends
Outlook
Results of Operations
Investments
Policy Liabilities
Benefit Plans
Policyholder Protection
Off Balance Sheet Arrangements
Liquidity and Capital Resources
Critical Accounting Estimates
Page
34
39
40
40
53
62
62
62
62
63
69
The Company elected to omit discussion on the earliest of the three years covered by the consolidated financial statements presented in Item 8.
Financial Statements and Supplementary Data. Readers should refer to Item 7. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and
Results of Operations located in the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019, filed on February 21, 2020, for
reference to discussion of the year ended December 31, 2018, the earliest of the three years presented. Amounts reported in this MD&A may not
add due to rounding.
33
Item 7. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
COVID-19
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
The impact of the COVID-19 global pandemic on the Company continues to evolve, and its future effects remain uncertain. At the onset of the
pandemic, the majority of the Company’s employees in Japan and the U.S. shifted to remote working environments, with returns to office undertaken
throughout the year as warranted by local conditions. Both Aflac Japan and Aflac U.S. took measures to address employee health and safety and
increase employees’ ability to develop and maintain more flexible working conditions. The Company established command centers to monitor and
communicate on developments, and operations remained stable throughout the year. The Company also took prompt action at the beginning of the
pandemic to strengthen its capital and liquidity position, and it continued to undertake de-risking activity in its investment portfolios and to adjust to
market conditions throughout the year. Both Aflac Japan and Aflac U.S. also accelerated investments in digital initiatives to improve productivity,
efficiency and customer service over the long term.
In 2020, both Aflac Japan and Aflac U.S. experienced a significant decrease in sales due to the effects of the pandemic and related government
responses. Pandemic-related claims and associated reserve increases in both Japan and the U.S. have not materially impacted 2020 results and
were more than offset by a reduction in claims related to routine medical needs. The pandemic’s impact on economic conditions have contributed to
sales declines, pressuring premium growth rates. This, in turn, has been partially offset by lower lapse rates in the U.S. Economic conditions in the
U.S. have resulted in lower interest rates having an impact on net investment income. The Company did not experience material realized losses or
impairments and credit losses associated with the pandemic. The Company continues to closely monitor the effects and risks of COVID-19 to
assess its impact on economic conditions in Japan and the U.S. and on the Company's business, financial condition, results of operations, liquidity
and capital position. Those impacts may cause changes to estimates of future earnings, capital deployment, regulatory capital position, segment
dividend payout ratios and other measures the Company provides in this MD&A.
The Company’s efforts and other developments are outlined below.
•
Liquidity and Capital Resources
The Company entered the crisis in a strong capital and liquidity position, having maintained capital ratios in Japan and the U.S. at a level
designed to absorb a degree of market volatility. To further support liquidity and capital resources, the Parent Company, in March 2020,
issued four series of senior notes totaling ¥57.0 billion and, in April 2020, issued $1.0 billion in senior notes through public debt offerings
under its U.S. shelf registration statement. Accordingly, as of December 31, 2020 the Company held approximately $5.1 billion in cash and
cash equivalents for stress conditions, which includes the Parent Company's target minimum amount of $2.0 billion held to provide a capital
buffer and liquidity support at the holding company. Even after these debt offerings, the Company’s leverage ratio remains at levels that the
Company believes are adequate to maintain current ratings and leave capacity for further debt issuances. The Company has available
liquidity in its unsecured revolving credit facilities of $1.0 billion and ¥100.0 billion, respectively, and currently has no borrowings under either
of these facilities. In April 2020, Aflac increased its internal limit for Federal Home Loan Bank of Atlanta (FHLB) borrowings to $800 million,
$300 million of which the Company has designated to be used for short-term liquidity needs of the U.S. insurance subsidiaries and subject
to qualified collateral availability and other conditions. The Company has the ability to adjust cash flow management from other sources of
liquidity including reinvestment cash flows and selling investments.
The Company remains committed to prudent liquidity and capital management and is taking a tactical approach to capital allocation. In
terms of repurchases, the Company remains in the market and is being tactical in its approach to repurchasing its stock. The Company
believes that this approach will allow it to increase or decrease repurchase activity depending on how the pandemic and market conditions
evolve.
The Company is committed to maintaining a strong Aflac Japan solvency margin ratio (SMR) and Aflac U.S. risk-based capital (RBC) ratios.
While the SMR is particularly sensitive to market volatility resulting from widening of credit spreads, both SMR and RBC are sensitive to
credit downgrades and defaults. The Company has capital tools available to increase SMR and RBC including the reduction of subsidiary
dividends paid to the Parent Company by its insurance subsidiaries and Parent Company capital contributions to insurance subsidiaries
sourced through cash on hand, proceeds from debt issuances or by drawing on the revolving credit facilities noted above. For example, the
Parent Company made a capital contribution of $150 million to CAIC in May 2020 and, pursuant to surplus notes, loaned $50 million to
CAIC in December 2020 and $130 million to Aflac in September 2020, the latter of which was used toward the acquisition of Zurich North
America's U.S. Corporate Life and
34
Item 7. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
Pensions business in November 2020. The Company also has a committed reinsurance facility in the amount of approximately ¥120 billion
of reserves that could be deployed to support SMR. Additionally, Aflac Japan reduced the dividends it provides to the Parent Company in
2020 by ¥75 billion compared to initial 2020 plans. The Company intends to maintain a target minimum SMR of 500% for Aflac Japan and a
target minimum RBC of approximately 400% for Aflac, consistent with the Company's risk management practices.
As a result of market volatility, the Company has made tactical adjustments to its existing foreign currency-hedging program in Aflac Japan
to mitigate hedging cost and settlement risk while maintaining a strong SMR. Prior to and continuing through the pandemic, Aflac Japan has
maintained a collar program on a portion of its U.S. dollar program to mitigate against more extreme moves in foreign exchange rates and
therefore support SMR. In the first quarter of 2020, the Company reduced the size of the collar program by approximately $3 billion. In
December 2020, the Company reduced the total size of the forward and collar programs by approximately $5 billion and purchased foreign
currency options to hedge approximately $5 billion of U.S. dollar-denominated assets. While these adjustments will moderately increase the
Company's exposure to SMR volatility, the Company believes that they will also reduce its exposure to pricing volatility and the related risk
of negative settlements should there be a material weakening in the yen. Depending on further developments, including the possibility of
further market volatility, there may be additional costs associated with maintaining the collar program. The Company is continually
evaluating other adjustments, including the possibility of changing the level of hedging employed with the U.S. dollar-denominated
investments. See the Liquidity and Capital Resources section of this MD&A for additional information regarding other potential sources of
liquidity and capital resources.
•
Investment Portfolio
The Company's investment portfolio was well-positioned entering the crisis, and the Company continues to follow its strategy of investing
primarily in fixed maturity securities to generate a reliable stream of income. Fundamental credit analysis and de-risking activity in prior
periods contributed to the current quality of the Company’s investments. The Company continued with de-risking activity in 2020, reducing
positions in the portfolios seen as more vulnerable in the current environment. Although economic and market conditions improved in the
second half of 2020, the Company remains cautious about the continued path of the recovery and the potential longer term impacts on
certain sectors most vulnerable to the impacts of the pandemic. The Company continues seeking ways to improve the health of the portfolio
through de-risking and other repositioning actions. Certain investments have been adversely impacted with credit rating downgrades and
increased price volatility, including investments in issuers that faced an immediate and severe impact such as those in travel and lodging,
leisure, non-emergency medical and energy sectors. The Company continues working with certain issuers to provide temporary relief of
terms by providing payment deferrals and other modifications or waivers where the Company believes it improves its overall position. For
additional information on these loan modifications, see Notes 1 and 3 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements.
Markets have stabilized from the extreme volatility seen at the outset of the crisis, although issuers continue to be affected by reduced
business activity and consumer demand. Volatility in oil prices and reduction in global energy demand continue to adversely impact issuers
in the energy sector. U.S. interest rates declined, and availability of new investments in certain private asset classes such as middle market
loans, commercial mortgages and transitional real estate remain below pre-crisis levels. As a result, net investment income may be
adversely impacted over time from lower reinvestment rates for fixed maturity investments and lower interest on floating rate assets. The
Company continues to make tactical adjustments to its investment portfolios in response to the crisis, and continues to assess its
investment strategy and asset allocation to identify additional tactical adjustments that may be necessary due to the continuing effects of the
pandemic.
•
Crisis Management
The Company has crisis command centers set up in Japan and the U.S. These command centers are generally utilized for any type of
crisis, including natural disasters and cybersecurity events. The command centers participate in regular updates to the Company's
leadership regarding developments in Japan and the U.S., including government and regulatory actions, operations, employee policies and
conditions and distribution status. In addition, capital market, central bank and government stimulus updates are provided, as well as
updates on cybersecurity, including with respect to the Company's remote workforce. Moreover, the Company's financial leadership group
meets more frequently and has focused on the capital markets, capital and liquidity position, stress testing and any defensive actions that
may be necessary as the crisis unfolds.
35
Item 7. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
•
Aflac Japan initiatives
In February 2020, Aflac Japan began to implement actions such as working from home, staggered work hours, limitations on the number of
personnel attending in-person meetings and restrictions on traveling between buildings and floors in Aflac Japan worksites. In response to
the state of emergency and requests made by the Japan government in April 2020, over 70% of Aflac Japan employees were working from
home as of mid-April. The state of emergency was lifted nationwide in May 2020; however, in January 2021, the state of emergency was
reinstated in certain prefectures experiencing elevated rates of infection. As of December 31, 2020, Aflac Japan had approximately 50% of
its workforce working remotely. Aflac Japan is evaluating return to the office measures; however, throughout the development of the
pandemic in 2020, including the increase in COVID-19 cases in Japan during the fourth quarter, Aflac Japan has evaluated its operational
capabilities and anticipates that the remote configuration could remain for an indefinite period of time without materially impacting
operations.
Aflac Japan has announced several additional actions taken for its employees including travel restrictions and extended paid leave.
Aflac Japan remains focused on generating new business through direct mail made to existing and prospective customers. In addition, Aflac
Japan is promoting digital and web-based sales to groups and introduced a new system that enables smart device-based insurance
application by allowing the customer and an Aflac Japan operator to see the same screen through their smart devices. Further, in October
2020, Aflac Japan implemented a new virtual sales tool that enables online consultations and policy applications to be completed entirely
online. During 2020, Aflac Japan also accelerated investments in digital and paperless initiatives designed to increase long term
productivity, efficiency, customer service and business continuity. Face-to-face sales have been challenged and are having an impact on
sales results. In 2020, Aflac Japan experienced a sales decline of 36.2% on a yen basis, compared to 2019, primarily due to the impact
of the COVID-19 pandemic and the continuing effects of the Japan Post investigation. See the Aflac Japan Segment of this MD&A for
additional information regarding sales in the Japan Post channel and the strategic alliance with Japan Post.
Aflac Japan has also followed the guidance of the FSA in terms of treating customers with care, ensuring ease and timeliness of claims
payments and extended coverage for temporary medical facilities and telemedicine in certain circumstances, and waiver of interest on
certain policyholder loans. In March 2020, Aflac Japan extended the grace period on premium payments for six months up to September 30,
2020 and it was re-extended to April 30, 2021 in certain cases. In January 2021, the grace period was extended to July 31, 2021 for the
policyholders who live in areas under the state of emergency and in February 2021, the scope was expanded to all regions in Japan.
Policyholders are required to file for relief through this extension. In April 2020, Aflac Japan announced that it will pay certain accidental
death and disability benefits in the event of a death directly caused by COVID-19.
To assist with the COVID-19 pandemic, Aflac Japan has donated ¥500 million to the Japan Medical Associations and to identified
municipalities where Aflac Japan has operations.
•
Aflac U.S. and Corporate and Other initiatives
The Parent Company and Aflac U.S. began to implement Company mandates including restrictions on travel and in-person meetings
applicable to U.S. employees beginning in February 2020 and required work from home directives across their U.S. work force in March
2020. As of December 31, 2020, approximately 95% of U.S. employees were working remotely. The Company currently anticipates that a
return to the worksite for U.S. based employees of the Parent Company and Aflac U.S. will be conducted in phases beginning no sooner
than the second half of 2021, subject to factors including the availability of treatments and vaccines, the return schedule of school systems
and the availability of child care, the number of COVID–19 cases and the COVID–19 replication rate in areas of the U.S. where the
Company has significant operations. However, Aflac U.S. anticipates that the remote configuration could remain for an indefinite period of
time without materially impacting operations. The Parent Company and Aflac U.S. continue to maintain employee and worksite safety
measures including travel restrictions, building access restrictions and in-person meeting restrictions.
Aflac U.S. has announced several actions taken for its employees. These include a commitment to cover the costs of COVID-19 testing and
extended paid leave in certain circumstances.
Aflac U.S. is focused on supporting its agency channel, most of which are small businesses, by offering zero-interest loans and cash
stipends in lieu of canceled recognition trips.
36
Item 7. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
Aflac U.S. policy sales, enrollment and agent recruiting functions are highly dependent upon face-to-face interaction between independent
agents and brokers with prospective and new customers and agents. Opportunities for such interaction have been significantly reduced by
reactions to the pandemic, such as social distancing, shelter in place orders and work from home initiatives. In addition, licensure of newly
recruited agents has been delayed in some states due to the unavailability or difficulty of temporary licenses or online training. Further,
despite government stimulus measures, the long-term economic effects of the pandemic on prospective and existing customers is still
largely unknown. Similar to Aflac Japan, the Aflac U.S. sales team has worked to adjust its sales approach given the reduction in face-to-
face sales. Key elements to this approach include realizing sales at the worksite through an enrollment call center, video enrollment through
co-browsing and self-enrollment. The traditional agent sales team is also using virtual recruiting and training through video conferencing in
order to maintain or increase the recruiting pipeline. The Aflac U.S. broker sales team is focused on product enhancements due to COVID-
19 as well as leveraging technology based solutions to drive enrollment. Further, during 2020 Aflac U.S. also accelerated investments in
digital initiatives designed to improve long term productivity, efficiency and customer service. Aflac U.S. is in its second year of the build-out
of the Consumer Markets business for the digital direct-to-consumer sale of insurance and sales made through that platform have continued
to grow.
Face-to-face sales have been challenged and are having an impact on sales results. In 2020, Aflac U.S. experienced a sales decline of
30.8%, compared to 2019, reflecting the impacts of the pandemic. The Aflac U.S. benefit ratio decreased in 2020, as compared to 2019;
however, the ratio began to recover in the second half of 2020, which management believes may indicate the beginning of a return to levels
seen over the past several years. The Company expanded a previously piloted wellness initiative beginning in the third quarter of 2020,
using digital and direct account engagement to raise awareness among policyholders as to the availability of valuable wellness benefits. The
Company estimates this effort had an impact on incurred claims of approximately $19 million since September 2020.
Aflac U.S. is encouraging policyholders who are displaying COVID-19 symptoms to seek treatment and is paying wellness benefits on
applicable policies for COVID-19 tests, when completed claims are submitted. Aflac U.S. is also providing coverage for treatment in
temporary facilities and by telemedicine in certain circumstances.
Throughout 2020, Aflac U.S. has taken steps to comply with COVID-19-related directives issued by state regulatory authorities, including
those requiring or requesting premium grace periods. As of December 31, 2020, premium grace periods remained in effect in 10 states and
Puerto Rico. Although aggregate policy lapses decreased from the prior year, Aflac U.S. experienced an increase in policy lapses in the
second half of 2020 in certain states where premium grace periods expired and government stimulus measures discussed below were not
renewed or initiated. If the premium grace periods continue to expire in 2021, Aflac U.S. would expect an increase in lapse rates.
In September 2020, the Company announced a voluntary separation program for certain U.S. employees. The program provided eligible
employees with a severance package, including twelve months of salary, the employee's targeted bonus payout for 2020 and one year of
Consolidated Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act (COBRA) or retiree medical, if eligible. Employees accepted into this program were
notified in October 2020 and most transitions were completed by December 31, 2020, with a small number continuing into the first quarter of
2021. The Company recorded a one-time severance charge of $43 million in the fourth quarter of 2020 related to the program.
In 2020, the Parent Company contributed $6 million to organizations that are providing assistance for health care workers assisting with the
COVID-19 pandemic.
• Major government initiatives
Government authorities in Japan and the U.S. have implemented several initiatives in response to the COVID-19 pandemic, including
actions designed to mitigate the adverse health effects of the virus and those designed to provide broad-based relief and economic support
to all aspects of the economy.
In Japan, initial emergency orders declared by the Japan government were lifted; however, emergency orders have been reinstated in
certain prefectures that include Tokyo and surrounding areas experiencing elevated rates of infection.
The FSA has requested that financial service providers in Japan respond appropriately while continuing their
37
Item 7. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
essential operations. This request includes insurance companies, which have been asked to continue essential operations such as benefits
and claims payment, including policyholder loans. Moreover, following the expansion of the impact of COVID-19, the FSA requested
insurance companies to consider flexible interpretation and application of insurance policy provisions and measures required for products
from the standpoint of protecting policyholders. In accordance with the FSA’s request, Aflac Life Insurance Japan Ltd. implemented a
measure to pay accidental death benefits and accidental serious disability benefits under its accidental death benefit rider, etc. in cases of
death or specified serious disabilities from COVID-19.
In April 2020, the Cabinet of Japan approved ¥117 trillion or more than 20% of GDP in emergency stimulus measures, including various tax
measures. In May 2020, the Cabinet of Japan approved a second ¥117 trillion stimulus package. The Diet passed a supplementary budget
to fund the package in June 2020. The second stimulus package was intended to help small and mid-sized businesses fund leave
allowances for furloughed workers and provides rent assistance for business operations.
In the U.S., initial statewide shelter in place or stay at home orders were lifted although reopening plans have been paused or reversed in
certain states experiencing an increase in cases, and shelter in place orders have been reinstated in some areas.
The U.S. government took action in response to the COVID-19 pandemic by providing broad-based relief and economic support to all
aspects of the economy.
The Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security (CARES) Act, was signed into law in March 2020 and was designed to provide
approximately $2 trillion in financial stimulus in the form of financial aid to individuals, businesses, nonprofits, states, and municipalities.
Among other measures, the CARES Act provided for $260 billion in expanded unemployment benefits and $290 billion of direct payments to
individuals, and established a $349 billion Paycheck Protection Program (PPP) providing for loans to small businesses, nonprofits, and
veteran’s organizations with 500 or fewer employees. In April 2020, an additional $320 billion was allocated to the PPP, including $10 billion
for administrative costs and $60 billion allocated to small lenders and community banks. In December 2020, the Consolidated
Appropriations Act, 2021 (CAA) was signed into law. Among other measures, the CAA allocated an additional $284 billion to the PPP,
extended the program to March 31, 2021, and provided for expanded unemployment benefits and direct payments to individuals. The
CARES Act also included a five-year net operating loss (NOL) carryback, payroll tax relief and other significant provisions for businesses.
Section 4013 of the CARES Act gives entities temporary relief from certain accounting and disclosure requirements for troubled debt
restructurings (TDRs). The Company has applied GAAP relief with respect to certain qualifying loan modifications. See Notes 1 and 3 of
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements for additional details.
The Federal Reserve has also taken various actions in an effort to support the economy and markets in response to heightened volatility
and uncertainty. These actions include reducing by 1.5% each the rate that it charges for direct loans to banks, as well as the target for the
rate banks charge each other for overnight funds (federal funds rate); initiating quantitative easing with no stated cap on purchases;
committing to purchase U.S. Treasury securities, agency mortgage-backed and agency commercial mortgaged-backed securities; re-
establishing the Term Asset-Backed Securities Loan Facility (TALF) originally launched in 2009, through which it will lend to holders of AA-
rated asset-backed securities; and establishing facilities to support purchase of corporate bonds from large investment-grade companies.
Performance Highlights
For the full year of 2020, total revenues were down .7% to $22.1 billion, compared with $22.3 billion for the full year of 2019. Net earnings were $4.8
billion, or $6.67 per diluted share, compared with $3.3 billion, or $4.43 per diluted share, for the full year of 2019. The increase in net earnings and
net earnings per diluted share in 2020 primarily reflects a $1.4 billion benefit from the release of valuation allowances on deferred foreign tax credits,
which were allowed due to newly released U.S. tax regulations. The Company recorded a one-time severance charge of $43 million in the fourth
quarter of 2020 related to the voluntary separation program.
Results for 2020 included pretax net investment losses of $270 million, compared with net investment losses of $135 million in 2019. Net investment
losses in 2020 included $200 million of credit losses primarily driven by increases in credit losses; $169 million of net losses from certain derivative
and foreign currency gains or losses; $184 million of net gains on equity securities; and $85 million of net losses from sales and redemptions.
38
Item 7. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
The average yen/dollar exchange rate in 2020 was 106.86, or 2.1% stronger than the rate of 109.07 in 2019.
(1)
Adjusted earnings for the full year of 2020 were $3.6 billion, or $4.96 per diluted share, compared with $3.3 billion, or $4.44 per diluted share,
in 2019. The stronger yen/dollar exchange rate impacted adjusted earnings per diluted share by $.04.
(2)
Total investments and cash at the December 31, 2020 were $149.8 billion, compared with $138.1 billion at December 31, 2019. In 2020, Aflac
Incorporated repurchased $1.5 billion, or 37.9 million of its common shares. At December 31, 2020, the Company had 99.2 million remaining shares
authorized for repurchase.
Shareholders’ equity was $33.6 billion, or $48.46 per share, at December 31, 2020, compared with $29.0 billion, or $39.84 per share, at
December 31, 2019. Shareholders’ equity at December 31, 2020 included a net unrealized gain on investment securities and derivatives of $10.3
billion, compared with a net unrealized gain of $8.5 billion at December 31, 2019. Shareholders’ equity at December 31, 2020 also included an
unrealized foreign currency translation loss of $1.1 billion, compared with an unrealized foreign currency translation loss of $1.6 billion at
December 31, 2019. The annualized return on average shareholders’ equity in 2020 was 15.3%, driven primarily by a benefit from new tax
regulations.
Shareholders’ equity excluding accumulated other comprehensive income (AOCI)
(adjusted book value) was $24.6 billion, or $35.56 per share at
December 31, 2020, compared with $22.3 billion, or $30.74 per share, at December 31, 2019. The annualized adjusted return on equity excluding
foreign currency impact
in 2020 was 15.0%.
(2)
(2)
(1)
(2)
Yen/U.S. dollar exchange rates are based on the published MUFG Bank, Ltd. telegraphic transfer middle rate (TTM).
See the Results of Operations section of this MD&A for a definition of this non-U.S. GAAP financial measure.
INDUSTRY TRENDS
The Company is impacted by financial markets, economic conditions, regulatory oversight and a variety of trends that affect the industries where it
competes.
Financial and Economic Environment
The Company’s business and results of operations are materially affected by conditions in the global capital markets and the economy generally.
Stressed conditions, volatility and disruptions in global capital markets, particular markets, or financial asset classes can have an adverse effect on
the Company, in part because the Company has a large investment portfolio and its insurance liabilities and derivatives are sensitive to changing
market factors. See Item 1A. Risk Factors for the risk factor entitled, "Difficult conditions in global capital markets and the economy, including those
caused by the novel coronavirus COVID-19, could have a material adverse effect on the Company's investments, capital position, revenue,
profitability, and liquidity and harm the Company's business."
Demographics
Aflac Japan
With Japan’s aging population and the rise in healthcare costs, supplemental health care insurance products remain attractive. However, due to the
aging population and decline in birthrate, new opportunities for customer demographics are not as readily available. Japan’s existing customers and
potential customers seek products that are easily understood, cost-effective and can be accessed through technology-enabled devices.
Aflac U.S.
Customer demographics continue to evolve and new opportunities present themselves in different customer segments such as the millennial and
multicultural markets. Customer expectations and preferences are changing. Trends indicate existing customers and potential customers seek cost-
effective solutions that are easily understood and can be accessed through technology-enabled devices. Additionally, income protection and the
health needs of retiring baby boomers are continuing to shape the insurance industry.
Regulatory Environment
See Item 1. Business - Aflac Japan Government Regulation and Aflac U.S. Government Regulation for a discussion of regulatory developments that
may impact the Company and the associated risks.
39
Item 7. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
Competitive Environment
See Item 1. Business - Aflac Japan Competitive Markets and Aflac U.S. Competitive Markets for a discussion of the competitive environment and
the basis on which the Company competes in each of its segments.
2021 OUTLOOK
The Company’s strategy to drive long-term shareholder value is to pursue growth through product development, distribution expansion and digital
advancements to improve the customer experience.
The Company's objectives in 2021 are to navigate the COVID-19 pandemic while maintaining strong pre-tax margins in its Aflac Japan and Aflac
U.S. segments, continuing to accelerate the pace of investment in its digital technology, and integrating and building upon recent acquisitions. The
Company believes that its strategy of positioning itself for future growth and efficiency while defending and leveraging its market-leading position,
powerful brand recognition and diverse distribution in Japan and the U.S. will provide support toward these objectives.
The Company announced a 17.9% increase in the first quarter 2021 dividend compared to the prior quarter, and it intends to maintain strong capital
ratios in Aflac Japan and Aflac U.S. in support of its commitment to shareholder dividends while remaining tactical in its deployment of capital in the
form of share repurchases and opportunistic investments. The Company intends to maintain a target minimum SMR of 500% for Aflac Japan and a
target minimum RBC of approximately 400% for Aflac, consistent with the Company's risk management practices.
Aflac Japan Segment
In Japan, the Company anticipates that the shift in earned premium from first sector savings products to third sector cancer and medical products
and first sector protection products, will continue to result in moderately lower benefit ratios in the Aflac Japan segment. The Company expects
expenses to be elevated in 2021 as Aflac Japan’s investments in its paperless initiative and other digital projects are being accelerated. The
Company also anticipates that benefit and expense ratios will continue to experience some level of revenue pressure due to the impact of paid up
policies and reduced sales in 2020. For the 2020 through 2022 period, the Company expects a decline in Aflac Japan revenue in the range of 2.0%
to 3.0% on a compound annual growth rate basis.
Aflac U.S. Segment
The Company expects the profit margins for the Aflac U.S. segment to decline in 2021 as benefit ratios stabilize, expense ratios continue to be
elevated in light of investments into U.S. platforms and revenues face pressure due to the impact of the global pandemic on sales. For the 2020
through 2022 period, the Company expects Aflac U.S. revenue to range from a decline of 1.0% to a growth of 1.5% on a compound annual growth
rate basis.
Corporate and Other Segment
The Company expects corporate segment results to reflect stable net investment income in 2021 compared to 2020, assuming that U.S. interest
rates remain stable.
For important disclosures applicable to statements made in this 2021 Outlook, please see the Risk Factors section and the statement on Forward-
Looking Information at the beginning of Item 1. Business, the Risk Factors identified in Item 1A. and Item 7. Management Discussion and Analysis.
RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
The Company earns its revenues principally from insurance premiums and investments. The Company’s operating expenses primarily consist of
insurance benefits provided and reserves established for anticipated future insurance benefits, general business expenses, commissions and other
costs of selling and servicing its products. Profitability for the Company depends principally on its ability to price its insurance products at a level that
enables the Company to earn a margin over the costs associated with providing benefits and administering those products. Profitability also depends
on, among other items, actuarial and policyholder behavior experience on insurance products, and the Company's ability to attract and retain
customer assets, generate and maintain favorable investment results, effectively deploy capital and utilize tax capacity, and manage expenses.
40
Item 7. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
Yen–denominated income statement accounts are translated to U.S. dollars using a weighted average Japanese yen/U.S. dollar foreign exchange
rate, except realized gains and losses on security transactions which are translated at the exchange rate on the trade date of each transaction. Yen–
denominated balance sheet accounts are translated to U.S. dollars using a spot Japanese yen/U.S. dollar foreign exchange rate.
The following discussion includes references to the Company's performance measures, adjusted earnings, adjusted earnings per diluted share, and
amortized hedge costs/income, which are not calculated in accordance with U.S. GAAP (non-U.S. GAAP). These measures exclude items that the
Company believes may obscure the underlying fundamentals and trends in the Company's insurance operations because they tend to be driven by
general economic conditions and events or related to infrequent activities not directly associated with its insurance operations. The Company's
management uses adjusted earnings and adjusted earnings per diluted share to evaluate the financial performance of its insurance operations on a
consolidated basis, and the Company believes that a presentation of these measures is vitally important to an understanding of its underlying
profitability drivers and trends of its insurance business. The Company believes that amortized hedge costs/income, which are a component of
adjusted earnings, measure the periodic currency risk management costs/income related to hedging certain foreign currency exchange risks and are
an important component of net investment income.
The Company defines the non-U.S. GAAP financial measures included in this filing as follows:
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Adjusted earnings are the profits derived from operations. The most comparable U.S. GAAP measure is net earnings. Adjusted earnings are
adjusted revenues less benefits and adjusted expenses. The adjustments to both revenues and expenses account for certain items that
cannot be predicted or that are outside management’s control. Adjusted revenues are U.S. GAAP total revenues excluding net investment
gains and losses, except for amortized hedge costs/income related to foreign currency exposure management strategies and net interest
cash flows from derivatives associated with certain investment strategies. Adjusted expenses are U.S. GAAP total acquisition and operating
expenses including the impact of interest cash flows from derivatives associated with notes payable but excluding any nonrecurring or other
items not associated with the normal course of the Company’s insurance operations and that do not reflect the Company's underlying
business performance.
Adjusted earnings per share (basic or diluted) are adjusted earnings for the period divided by the weighted average outstanding shares
(basic or diluted) for the period presented. The most comparable U.S. GAAP measure is net earnings per share.
Amortized hedge costs/income represent costs/income incurred or recognized as a result of using foreign currency-derivatives to hedge
certain foreign exchange risks in the Company's Japan segment or in the Corporate and Other segment. These amortized hedge
costs/income are estimated at the inception of the derivatives based on the specific terms of each contract and are recognized on a straight
line basis over the term of the hedge. There is no comparable U.S. GAAP financial measure for amortized hedge costs/income.
Adjusted earnings excluding current period foreign currency impact are computed using the average foreign currency exchange rate for
the comparable prior-year period, which eliminates fluctuations driven solely by foreign currency exchange rate changes. The most
comparable U.S. GAAP measure is net earnings.
Adjusted earnings per diluted share excluding current period foreign currency impact are adjusted earnings excluding current period
foreign currency impact divided by the weighted average outstanding diluted shares for the period presented. The most comparable U.S.
GAAP measure is net earnings per share.
U.S. dollar-denominated investment income excluding foreign currency impact is determined using the average foreign currency exchange
rate for the comparable prior year period.
Adjusted book value is the U.S. GAAP book value (representing total shareholders' equity), less AOCI as recorded on the U.S. GAAP
balance sheet. The most comparable U.S. GAAP measure is total book value. The Company considers adjusted book value important as it
excludes AOCI, which fluctuates due to market movements that are outside management's control.
Adjusted return on equity (ROE) excluding foreign currency impact is calculated using adjusted earnings excluding current period foreign
currency impact divided by average shareholders’ equity, excluding AOCI. The most comparable U.S. GAAP financial measure is return on
average equity as determined using net earnings and average total shareholders’ equity.
41
Item 7. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
The following table is a reconciliation of items impacting adjusted earnings and adjusted earnings per diluted share to the most directly comparable
U.S. GAAP measures of net earnings and net earnings per diluted share, respectively, for the years ended December 31.
Reconciliation of Net Earnings to Adjusted Earnings
(1)
Net earnings
Items impacting net earnings:
(2),(3),(4),(5)
Net investment (gains) losses
Other and non-recurring (income) loss
Income tax (benefit) expense on items
excluded from adjusted earnings
Tax reform adjustment
Tax valuation allowance release
(6)
(7)
Adjusted earnings
Current period foreign currency impact
Adjusted earnings excluding current period
foreign currency impact
(8)
In Millions
Per Diluted Share
2020
2019
2020
2019
$
4,778
$
3,304
$
6.67
$
4.43
229
28
(72)
0
(1,411)
3,552
(31)
15
1
(3)
(4)
0
3,314
N/A
.32
.04
(.10)
.00
(1.97)
4.96
(.04)
.02
.00
.00
(.01)
.00
4.44
N/A
$
3,521
$
3,314
$
4.92
$
4.44
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
Amounts may not foot due to rounding.
Amortized hedge costs of $206 in 2020 and $257 in 2019, related to certain foreign currency exposure management strategies have been reclassified from
net investment gains (losses) and included in adjusted earnings as a decrease to net investment income. See "Hedge Costs/Income" discussion below for
further information.
Amortized hedge income of $97 in 2020 and $89 in 2019, related to certain foreign currency exposure management strategies have been reclassified from net
investment gains (losses) and included in adjusted earnings as an increase to net investment income. See "Hedge Costs/Income" discussion below for further
information.
Net interest cash flows from derivatives associated with certain investment strategies of $12 in 2020 and $(17) in 2019 have been reclassified from net
investment gains (losses) and included in adjusted earnings as a component of net investment income.
A gain of $56 in 2020 and $66 in 2019 related to the interest rate component of the change in fair value of foreign currency swaps on notes payable have
been reclassified from net investment gains (losses) and included in adjusted earnings as a component of interest expense.
The impact of tax reform was adjusted in 2019 as a result of additional guidance released by the IRS.
One-time tax benefit recognized in 2020 representing the release of valuation allowances on deferred foreign tax credits due to new tax regulations.
Prior period foreign currency impact reflected as “N/A” to isolate change for current period only.
Reconciling Items
Net Investment Gains and Losses
The Company's investment strategy is to invest primarily in fixed maturity securities to provide a reliable stream of investment income, which is one
of the drivers of the Company’s growth and profitability. This investment strategy incorporates asset-liability matching (ALM) to align the expected
cash flows of the portfolio to the needs of the Company's liability structure. The Company does not purchase securities with the intent of generating
investment gains or losses. However, investment gains and losses may be realized as a result of changes in the financial markets and the
creditworthiness of specific issuers, tax planning strategies, and/or general portfolio management and rebalancing. The realization of investment
gains and losses is independent of the underwriting and administration of the Company's insurance products. Net investment gains and losses
include securities transactions, credit losses, derivative and foreign currency activities and changes in fair value of equity securities.
Securities Transactions, Credit Losses and Gains (Losses) on Equity Securities
Securities transactions include gains and losses from sales and redemptions of investments where the amount received is different from the
amortized cost of the investment. Prior to January 1, 2020, impairments include other-than-temporary impairment losses on investment securities as
well as changes in loan loss reserves for loan receivables. Effective January 1, 2020, credit losses include losses for held-to-maturity fixed maturity
securities, available-for-sale fixed maturity securities, loan receivables, loan commitments and reinsurance recoverables.
42
Item 7. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
Certain Derivative and Foreign Currency Gains (Losses)
The Company's derivative activities include:
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
foreign currency forwards and options used in hedging foreign exchange risk on U.S. dollar-denominated investments in Aflac Japan's
portfolio
foreign currency forwards and options used to economically hedge certain portions of forecasted cash flows denominated in yen and hedge
the Company's long term exposure to a weakening yen
cross-currency interest rate swaps, also referred to as foreign currency swaps, associated with certain senior notes and subordinated
debentures
foreign currency swaps that are associated with variable interest entity (VIE) bond purchase commitments, and investments in special-
purpose entities, including VIEs where the Company is the primary beneficiary
interest rate swaps used to economically hedge interest rate fluctuations in certain variable-rate investments
interest rate swaptions used to hedge changes in the fair value associated with interest rate fluctuations for certain U.S. dollar-denominated
available-for-sale fixed-maturity securities
bond purchase commitments at the inception of investments in consolidated VIEs.
Gains and losses are recognized as a result of valuing these derivatives, net of the effects of hedge accounting. The Company also excludes from
adjusted earnings the accounting impacts of remeasurement associated with changes in the foreign currency exchange rate. Amortized hedge
costs/ income related to certain foreign currency exposure management strategies (see Amortized Hedge Cost/Income section below), and net
interest cash flows from derivatives associated with certain investment strategies and notes payable are reclassified from net investment gains
(losses) and included in adjusted earnings.
Amortized hedge costs/income can fluctuate based upon many factors, including the derivative notional amount, the length of time of the derivative
contract, changes in both U.S. and Japan interest rates, and supply and demand for dollar funding. Amortized hedge costs and income have
fluctuated in recent periods due to changes in the previously mentioned factors. For additional information regarding foreign currency hedging, refer
to Hedging Activities in the Investments section of this MD&A.
For additional information regarding net investment gains and losses, including details of reported amounts for the periods presented, see Notes 3
and 4 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements.
Other and Non-recurring Items
The U.S. insurance industry has a policyholder protection system that provides funds for the policyholders of insolvent insurers. The system can
result in periodic charges to the Company as a result of insolvencies/bankruptcies that occur with other companies in the life insurance industry.
Some states permit member insurers to recover assessments paid through full or partial premium tax offsets. These charges neither relate to the
ordinary course of the Company’s business nor reflect the Company’s underlying business performance, but result from external situations not
controlled by the Company. The Company excludes any charges associated with U.S. guaranty fund assessments and the corresponding tax benefit
or expense from adjusted earnings.
In Japan, the government also requires the insurance industry to contribute to a policyholder protection corporation that provides funds for the
policyholders of insolvent insurers; however, these costs are calculated and administered differently than in the U.S. In Japan, these costs are not
directly related to specific insolvencies or bankruptcies, but are rather a regular operational cost for an insurance company. Based on this structure,
the Company does not remove the Japan policyholder protection expenses from adjusted earnings.
In 2020, other items also included integration costs related to the Company's acquisition of Zurich North America's U.S. Corporate Life and Pensions
business; these costs primarily consist of expenditures for legal, accounting, consulting, integration of systems and processes and other similar
services. These integration costs amounted to $13 million for the year ended December 31, 2020.
43
Item 7. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
Income Taxes
The Company's combined U.S. and Japanese effective income tax rate on pretax earnings was (14.9)% in 2020 and 25.7% in 2019. In 2020, the
combined effective tax rate differs from the U.S. statutory rate primarily due to the release of certain valuation allowances established on the
Company's deferred foreign tax credit benefits. The release of these valuation allowances was a result of the issuance of Final and Proposed
Regulations by the U.S. Treasury and Internal Revenue Service in September 2020, and resulted in a one-time income tax benefit of $1.4 billion in
the third quarter of 2020. Total income taxes were $(.6) billion in 2020 and $1.1 billion in 2019. Japanese income taxes on Aflac Japan's results
account for most of the Company's consolidated income tax expense.
For additional information, see Note 10 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements and the Critical Accounting Estimates - Income Taxes
section of this MD&A.
The Company expects that its effective tax rate for future periods will be approximately 20%. The effective tax rate continues to be subject to future
tax law changes both in the U.S. and in foreign jurisdictions. See the risk factor entitled "Tax rates applicable to the Company may change" in Part I,
Item 1A. Risk Factors for more information.
Foreign Currency Translation
Aflac Japan’s premiums and a significant portion of its investment income are received in yen, and its claims and most expenses are paid in yen.
Aflac Japan purchases yen-denominated assets and U.S. dollar-denominated assets, which may be hedged to yen, to support yen-denominated
policy liabilities. These and other yen-denominated financial statement items are, however, translated into dollars for financial reporting purposes.
The Company translates Aflac Japan’s yen-denominated income statement into dollars using the average exchange rate for the reporting period,
and the Company translates its yen-denominated balance sheet using the exchange rate at the end of the period.
Due to the size of Aflac Japan, whose functional currency is the Japanese yen, fluctuations in the yen/dollar exchange rate can have a significant
effect on the Company's reported results. In periods when the yen weakens, translating yen into dollars results in fewer dollars being reported. When
the yen strengthens, translating yen into dollars results in more dollars being reported. Consequently, yen weakening has the effect of suppressing
current period results in relation to the comparable prior period, while yen strengthening has the effect of magnifying current period results in relation
to the comparable prior period. Management evaluates the Company's financial performance both including and excluding the impact of foreign
currency translation to monitor, respectively, cumulative currency impacts on book value and the currency-neutral operating performance over time.
RESULTS OF OPERATIONS BY SEGMENT
U.S. GAAP financial reporting requires that a company report financial and descriptive information about operating segments in its annual and
interim period financial statements. Furthermore, the Company is required to report a measure of segment profit or loss, certain revenue and
expense items, and segment assets. The Company's insurance business consists of two segments: Aflac Japan and Aflac U.S. Aflac Japan is the
principal contributor to consolidated earnings. Businesses that are not individually reportable, such as the Parent Company, asset management
subsidiaries and business activities, including reinsurance retrocession activities are included in the Corporate and other segment. See the Item 1.
Business section of this Form 10-K for a summary of each segment's products and distribution channels.
In 2020, Aflac Japan sales for protection-type first sector and third sector products decreased 36.9% and total sales decreased 36.2% on a yen
basis, compared to 2019, primarily due to the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and the continuing effects of the Japan Post investigation. Sales
from Aflac U.S. were down 30.8% in 2020, as compared to 2019, due to social distancing efforts, which eliminated face-to-face sales opportunities
beginning in mid-March 2020. The respective Aflac Japan and Aflac U.S. platforms and distribution partners continue to work to adapt to the new
environment. The Company continues to monitor the effects of COVID-19 on its operating results and has taken several steps to mobilize its
resources to ensure adequate liquidity, a strong capital position, business continuity and employee safety during this pandemic. See the Executive
Summary subsection of this MD&A for additional information.
Consistent with U.S. GAAP guidance for segment reporting, pretax adjusted earnings is the Company's U.S. GAAP measure of segment
performance. The Company believes that a presentation of this measure is vitally important to an understanding of the underlying profitability drivers
and trends of its business. Additional performance measures used to evaluate the financial condition and performance of the Company's segments
are listed below.
44
Item 7. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
• Operating Ratios
Expense Ratio
•
New Annualized Premium Sales
•
New Money Yield
•
Return on Average Invested Assets
•
Average Weekly Producer
•
For additional information on the Company’s performance measures included in this MD&A, see the Glossary of Selected Terms found directly
following Part II. Other Information. See Note 2 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements for the reconciliation of segment results to the
Company's consolidated U.S. GAAP results and additional information.
Aflac Japan Pretax Adjusted Earnings
AFLAC JAPAN SEGMENT
Changes in Aflac Japan's pretax adjusted earnings and profit margins are primarily affected by morbidity, mortality, expenses, persistency and
investment yields. The following table presents a summary of operating results for Aflac Japan for the years ended December 31.
Aflac Japan Summary of Operating Results
(In millions)
Net premium income
Net investment income:
(1)
Yen-denominated investment income
U.S. dollar-denominated investment income
Net investment income
Amortized hedge costs related to certain foreign currency
exposure management strategies
Adjusted net investment income
Other income (loss)
Total adjusted revenues
Benefits and claims, net
Adjusted expenses:
Amortization of deferred policy acquisition costs
Insurance commissions
Insurance and other expenses
Total adjusted expenses
Total benefits and adjusted expenses
Pretax adjusted earnings
Weighted-average yen/dollar exchange rate
Percentage change over previous period:
Net premium income
Adjusted net investment income
Total adjusted revenues
Pretax adjusted earnings
2020
12,670
$
2019
12,772
$
1,296
1,569
2,865
206
2,659
42
15,371
8,851
644
740
1,873
3,257
12,108
3,263
106.86
$
1,307
1,446
2,753
257
2,496
45
15,313
8,877
709
731
1,734
3,174
12,051
3,261
109.07
$
In Yen
In Dollars
2020
2019
2020
2019
(.8)%
6.5 %
.4
.1 %
.1 %
3.9
.7
1.7
(2.8)%
4.4 %
(1.7)
(2.0)
(1.1)%
2.2
(.6)
.2
(1)
Net interest cash flows from derivatives associated with certain investment strategies of $9 and $(17) in 2020 and 2019, respectively, have been reclassified
from net investment gains (losses) and included in adjusted earnings as a component of net investment income.
In yen terms, Aflac Japan's net premium income decreased in 2020, primarily due to an anticipated decrease in first sector premiums as savings
products reached premium paid-up status and constrained sales from the impact of pandemic
45
Item 7. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
conditions. Adjusted net investment income increased in 2020 primarily due to higher income from U.S. dollar-denominated assets and lower hedge
costs.
Annualized premiums in force at December 31, 2020, were ¥1.43 trillion, compared with ¥1.49 trillion in 2019. The decrease in annualized premiums
in force in yen of 4.2% in 2020 and 2.5% in 2019 was driven primarily by limited-pay products reaching paid up status. Annualized premiums in
force, translated into dollars at respective year-end exchange rates, were $13.8 billion in 2020 and $13.6 billion in 2019.
Aflac Japan's investment portfolios include U.S. dollar-denominated securities and reverse-dual currency securities (yen-denominated debt
securities with dollar coupon payments). In years when the yen strengthens in relation to the dollar, translating Aflac Japan's U.S. dollar-
denominated investment income into yen lowers growth rates for net investment income, total adjusted revenues, and pretax adjusted earnings in
yen terms. In years when the yen weakens, translating U.S. dollar-denominated investment income into yen magnifies growth rates for net
investment income, total adjusted revenues, and pretax adjusted earnings in yen terms.
The following table illustrates the effect of translating Aflac Japan's U.S. dollar-denominated investment income and related items into yen by
comparing certain segment results with those that would have been reported had foreign currency exchange rates remained unchanged from the
prior year. Amounts excluding foreign currency impact on U.S. dollar-denominated investment income were determined using the average foreign
currency exchange rate for the comparable prior year period. See non-U.S. GAAP financial measures defined above.
Aflac Japan Percentage Changes Over Prior Year
(Yen Operating Results)
For the Years Ended December 31,
Including Foreign
Currency Changes
2019
2020
4.4 %
(1.7)
(2.0)
2.2 %
(.6)
.2
Excluding Foreign
Currency Changes
2019
2020
5.7 %
(1.5)
(1.0)
2.9 %
(.5)
.7
Adjusted net investment income
Total adjusted revenues
Pretax adjusted earnings
The following table presents a summary of operating ratios in yen terms for Aflac Japan for the years ended December 31.
Ratios to total adjusted revenues:
Benefits and claims, net
Adjusted expenses:
Amortization of deferred policy acquisition costs
Insurance commissions
Insurance and other expenses
Total adjusted expenses
Pretax adjusted earnings
Ratios to total premiums:
Benefits and claims, net
Adjusted expenses:
Amortization of deferred policy acquisition costs
2020
57.6 %
2019
58.0 %
4.2
4.8
12.2
21.2
21.2
69.9 %
5.1
4.6
4.8
11.3
20.7
21.3
69.5 %
5.5
In 2020, the benefit ratio to total premiums increased, compared to the prior year, primarily due to higher persistency, resulting in an increase in
future policy benefit reserves, partially offset by the continued change in mix of first and third sector business as first sector products become paid-
up. In 2020, the adjusted expense ratio increased mainly due to the decrease in total revenues and an increase in expenses related to the paperless
and COVID-19 initiatives, which include the expansion of and enhancements to virtual desktops and telework terminals to support a remote
workforce, partially offset by lower DAC amortization due to higher persistency. In total for 2020, the pretax adjusted profit margin decreased slightly
as compared to 2019. For 2021, the Company will continue to monitor the situation with respect to COVID-19, and potential impacts on the pretax
adjusted profit margin and benefit ratio.
46
Item 7. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
Aflac Japan Sales
The following table presents Aflac Japan's new annualized premium sales for the years ended December 31.
(In millions of dollars and billions of yen)
New annualized premium sales
Increase (decrease) over prior period
In Dollars
In Yen
2020
2019
2020
2019
$
477
(34.8)%
$
731
(15.9)%
¥
50.9
(36.2)%
¥
79.7
(16.9)%
The following table details the contributions to Aflac Japan's new annualized premium sales by major insurance product for the years ended
December 31.
Cancer
Medical
Income support
Ordinary life:
WAYS
Child endowment
Other ordinary life
(1)
Other
Total
(1)
Includes term and whole life
2020
2019
56.6 %
31.2
1.0
.7
.4
9.5
.6
100.0 %
59.2 %
31.0
1.2
.5
.2
7.4
.5
100.0 %
The foundation of Aflac Japan's product portfolio has been, and continues to be, third sector products, which include cancer, medical and income
support insurance products. Aflac Japan has been focusing more on promotion of cancer and medical insurance products in this low-interest-rate
environment. These products are less interest-rate sensitive and more profitable compared to first sector savings products. With continued cost
pressure on Japan’s health care system, the Company expects the need for third sector products will continue to rise in the future and that the
medical and cancer insurance products Aflac Japan provides will continue to be an important part of its product portfolio.
Sales of protection-type first sector and third sector products on a yen basis decreased 36.9% in 2020, compared with 2019. The decline in sales
primarily reflects the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and the continuing effects of the Japan Post investigation.
Sales of Aflac Japan cancer products in the Japan Post Group channel experienced a material decline beginning in August 2019 and continued in
2020. For additional information, see the risk factor entitled "Events related to the ongoing Japan Post investigation and other matters regarding
sales of Japan Post Insurance products could negatively impact the Company’s sales and results of operations," in Part I, Item 1A. Risk Factors.
Aflac Japan experienced a sharp drop-off in total sales, beginning in the second quarter of 2020 and continuing into 2021, due to the impact of the
COVID-19 pandemic and continuing effects of the Japan Post investigation.
The following table details the contributions to Aflac Japan's new annualized premium sales by agency type for the years ended December 31.
Independent corporate and individual
Affiliated corporate
Bank
(1)
Total
(1)
Includes Japan Post
2020
2019
52.3 %
42.6
5.1
100.0 %
45.7 %
50.0
4.3
100.0 %
In 2020, Aflac Japan recruited 48 new sales agencies. At December 31, 2020, Aflac Japan was represented by more than 8,500 sales agencies,
with approximately 112,000 licensed sales associates employed by those agencies. The number of sales agencies has declined in recent years due
to Aflac Japan's focus on supporting agencies with strong management frameworks, high productivity and more producing agents.
47
Item 7. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
Japan Post offers Aflac's cancer insurance products in more than 20,000 postal outlets. Notwithstanding the recent reduction in sales of Aflac
Japan's cancer products in the Japan Post channel, the Company believes this alliance with Japan Post has benefited and will continue to benefit its
cancer insurance sales over the long term.
At December 31, 2020, Aflac Japan had agreements to sell its products at 361 banks, approximately 90% of the total number of banks in Japan.
Strategic Alliance with Japan Post Holdings
On December 19, 2018, the Parent Company and Aflac Japan entered into a Basic Agreement with Japan Post Holdings a Japanese corporation.
Pursuant to the terms of the Basic Agreement, Japan Post Holdings agreed to form a capital relationship with the Parent Company, and Japan Post
Holdings and Aflac Japan agreed to reconfirm existing initiatives regarding cancer insurance and to consider new joint initiatives, including
leveraging digital technology in various processes, cooperation in new product development to promote customer-centric business management,
cooperation in domestic and/or overseas business expansion and joint investment in third party entities and cooperation regarding asset
management.
On February 28, 2019, the Parent Company entered a Shareholders Agreement with Japan Post Holdings, J&A Alliance Holdings Corporation, a
Delaware corporation, solely in its capacity as trustee of J&A Alliance Trust, a New York voting trust (Trust), and General Incorporated Association
J&A Alliance, a Japanese general incorporated association. Pursuant to the Shareholders Agreement, Japan Post Holdings agreed to cause the
Trust to use commercially reasonable efforts to acquire, through open market or private block purchases in the U.S., beneficial ownership of
approximately 7% of the Common Stock in connection with the Basic Agreement. According to a Schedule 13G/A filed by Japan Post Holdings with
the SEC on January 6, 2021, the Trust had beneficially acquired 7.45% of the outstanding Common Shares as of December 31, 2020. Japan Post
Holdings is the sole beneficiary of the Trust.
On May 1, 2020, the Parent Company filed a registration statement on Form S-3 that registered the sale of its common stock from time to time by
J&A Alliance Holdings Corporation in its capacity as trustee of the Trust. The filing was made strictly pursuant to a contractual requirement contained
in the Shareholders Agreement. Notwithstanding the contractual commitment and filing of the Form S-3, the Trust continues to be subject to a lockup
period for a period expiring four years after the Trust acquired 7% of the Parent Company's outstanding shares, under the terms of the Shareholders
Agreement.
The Trust has agreed not to own more than 10% of the Parent Company’s outstanding shares for a period expiring four years after the Trust
acquired 7% of such shares, five years after it acquires 5% of such shares, or ten years after the Trust begins acquiring the Parent Company’s
stock. After expiration of such period, the Trust has agreed not to own more than the greater of 10% of the Parent Company’s outstanding shares or
such shares representing 22.5% of the voting rights in the Parent Company.
In light of the fact that the shares acquired by the Trust, like all Aflac Incorporated common shares, will be eligible for 10-for-1 voting rights after
being held for 48 consecutive months, the Shareholders Agreement further provides for voting restrictions that effectively limit the trustee’s voting
rights to no more than 20% of the voting rights in the Parent Company and further restrict the trustee’s voting rights with respect to certain change in
control transactions. Japan Post Holdings will not have a Board seat on the Parent Company’s Board of Directors and will not have rights to control,
manage or intervene in the management of the Parent Company.
As of December 31, 2019, all regulatory approvals expressly set forth in the Shareholders Agreement have been obtained. The Shareholders
Agreement requires the parties to use reasonable best efforts to cooperate in connection with any ongoing regulatory matters related to or arising
from the Trust’s acquisition or ownership or control of the shares of Company Common Stock, including any applications or filings in connection with
a direct or indirect acquisition of control of or merger with an insurer by the Company or its affiliates. The foregoing is subject to and qualified in its
entirety by reference to the full text of the Shareholders Agreement, a copy of which is attached as Exhibit 10.50 to the Company’s Quarterly Report
on Form 10-Q filed April 26, 2019, and the terms of which exhibit are incorporated herein by reference.
Aflac Japan Investments
The level of investment income in yen is affected by available cash flow from operations, the timing of investing the cash flow, yields on new
investments, the effect of yen/dollar exchange rates on U.S. dollar-denominated investment income, and other factors.
48
Item 7. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
As part of the Company's portfolio management and asset allocation process, Aflac Japan invests in yen and U.S. dollar-denominated investments.
Yen-denominated investments primarily consist of JGBs and public and private fixed maturity securities. Aflac Japan's U.S. dollar-denominated
investments include fixed maturity investments and growth assets, including public equity securities and alternative investments in limited
partnerships or similar investment vehicles. Aflac Japan has been investing in both publicly-traded and privately originated U.S. dollar-denominated
investment-grade and below-investment-grade fixed maturity securities and loan receivables, and has entered into foreign currency forwards and
options to hedge the currency risk on the fair value of a portion of the U.S. dollar investments.
The following table details the investment purchases for Aflac Japan for the years ended December 31.
(In millions)
Yen-denominated:
Fixed maturity securities:
Japan government and agencies
Private placements
Other fixed maturity securities
Equity securities
Total yen-denominated
U.S. dollar-denominated:
Fixed maturity securities:
Other fixed maturity securities
Infrastructure debt
Collateralized loan obligations
Equity securities
Commercial mortgage and other loans:
Transitional real estate loans
Commercial mortgage loans
Middle market loans
Other investments
Total dollar-denominated
Total Aflac Japan purchases
2020
2019
$
$
$
$
$
736
574
385
276
1,971
1,393
101
300
0
688
12
2,215
279
4,988
6,959
$
$
$
$
$
583
1,122
542
212
2,459
2,767
66
0
58
1,846
565
1,442
145
6,889
9,348
See the Investments section of this MD&A for further discussion of these investment programs, and see Notes 1, 3 and 4 of the Notes to the
Consolidated Financial Statements for more information regarding loans and loan receivables.
Funds available for investment include cash flows from operations, investment income, and funds generated from maturities, redemptions, securities
lending, and other securities transactions. Securities lending is also used from time to time to accelerate the availability of funds for investment.
Purchases of securities from period to period are determined based on multiple objectives including appropriate portfolio diversification, the relative
value of a potential investment and availability of investment opportunities, liquidity, credit and other risk factors while adhering to the Company's
investment policy guidelines.
The following table presents the results of Aflac Japan's investment yields for the years ended and as of December 31.
49
Item 7. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
Total purchases for the period (in millions)
New money yield
Return on average invested assets
(1),(2)
(3)
(1)
Portfolio book yield, including U.S. dollar-denominated investments, end of period
(1)
2020
2019
$
6,680
$
9,203
3.75 %
2.38
2.59 %
3.83 %
2.33
2.64 %
(1)
(2)
(3)
Includes fixed maturity securities, commercial mortgage and other loans, equity securities, and excludes alternative investments in limited partnerships
Reported on a gross yield basis; excludes investment expenses, external management fees, and amortized hedge costs
Net of investment expenses and amortized hedge costs, year-to-date number reflected on a quarterly average basis
The decrease in the Aflac Japan new money yield in 2020 was primarily due to lower yields on floating rate asset classes.
See Notes 3, 4 and 5 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements and the Investments section of this MD&A for additional information on
the Company's investments and hedging strategies.
AFLAC U.S. SEGMENT
Aflac U.S. Pretax Adjusted Earnings
Changes in Aflac U.S. pretax adjusted earnings and profit margins are primarily affected by morbidity, mortality, expenses, persistency and
investment yields. The following table presents a summary of operating results for Aflac U.S. for the years ended December 31.
Aflac U.S. Summary of Operating Results
(In millions)
Net premium income
Adjusted net investment income
Other income
(1)
Total adjusted revenues
Benefits and claims
Adjusted expenses:
Amortization of deferred policy acquisition costs
Insurance commissions
Insurance and other expenses
Total adjusted expenses
Total benefits and adjusted expenses
Pretax adjusted earnings
Percentage change over previous period:
Net premium income
Net investment income
Total adjusted revenues
Pretax adjusted earnings
$
$
2020
2019
5,758
705
102
6,565
2,765
570
576
1,386
2,532
5,297
1,268
(.9)%
(2.1)
.2
(.3)
$
$
5,808
720
22
6,550
2,871
573
590
1,244
2,407
5,279
1,272
1.8 %
(1.0)
1.7
(1.0)
(1)
Net interest cash flows from derivatives associated with certain investment strategies of $3 for the year ended December 31, 2020 have been reclassified from
net investment gains (losses) and included in adjusted earnings as a component of net investment income.
Annualized premiums in force decreased 3.2% in 2020 and increased 1.1% in 2019. Annualized premiums in force at December 31 were $6.1 billion
in 2020, compared with $6.3 billion in 2019.
50
Item 7. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
The following table presents a summary of operating ratios for Aflac U.S. for the years ended December 31.
Ratios to total adjusted revenues:
Benefits and claims
Adjusted expenses:
Amortization of deferred policy acquisition costs
Insurance commissions
Insurance and other expenses
Total adjusted expenses
Pretax adjusted earnings
Ratios to total premiums:
Benefits and claims
Adjusted expenses:
Amortization of deferred policy acquisition costs
2020
42.1 %
2019
43.8 %
8.7
8.8
21.1
38.6
19.3
48.0
9.9
8.7
9.0
19.0
36.7
19.4
49.4
9.9
The benefit ratio decreased in 2020, compared with 2019, reflecting reduced accidents, wellness medical visits and routine procedures due to
shelter-in-place orders and heightened social distancing due to COVID-19. The adjusted expense ratio increased in 2020, compared with 2019,
primarily due to anticipated spending increases reflecting ongoing investments in the U.S. platform, distribution, and customer experience, TPA
related expenses from the acquisition of Argus, the Voluntary Separation Plan, and lower unit cost capitalization reflecting a decline in sales. The
pretax adjusted profit margin decreased slightly in 2020 when compared with 2019, due to higher expense ratios, offset somewhat by lower benefit
ratios. For 2021, the Company will continue to monitor the situation with respect to COVID-19, and potential impacts on the pretax adjusted profit
margin and benefit ratio.
Aflac U.S. Sales
The following table presents Aflac's U.S. new annualized premium sales for the years ended December 31.
(In millions)
New annualized premium sales
Increase (decrease) over prior period
$
2020
1,093
(30.8)%
2019
$
1,580
(1.3)%
The following table details the contributions to Aflac's U.S. new annualized premium sales by major insurance product category for the years ended
December 31.
Accident
Short-term disability
Critical care
(1)
Hospital indemnity
Dental/vision
Life
Total
2020
26.1 %
22.3
22.2
18.0
4.1
7.3
100.0 %
2019
28.5 %
22.5
21.9
16.6
4.4
6.1
100.0%
(1)
Includes cancer, critical illness and hospital intensive care products
New annualized premium sales for accident insurance, the Aflac U.S. leading product category, decreased 36.6%, short-term disability sales
decreased 31.5%, critical care insurance sales (including cancer insurance) decreased 30.1%, and hospital indemnity insurance sales decreased
25.2% in 2020, compared with 2019. Overall sales decreased in 2020 as well net earned premium decreased .9%. Primarily, the decline in sales for
Aflac U.S. is attributable COVID-19 social distancing efforts, which limited face-to-face sales opportunities beginning in mid-March 2020. See the
Executive Summary section entitled "COVID-19" of this MD&A for additional information.
In 2020, the Aflac U.S. sales forces included an average of approximately 6,500 U.S. agents, including brokers, who were actively producing
business on a weekly basis. The Company believes that this average weekly producer equivalent
51
Item 7. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
metric allows sales management to monitor progress and needs, as well as serve as a leading indicator of future production capacity.
In November 2020, the Company, through its insurance subsidiaries Aflac and Aflac New York, acquired Zurich North America’s U.S. Corporate Life
and Pensions business, which consists of group life, disability and absence management products. Aflac and Aflac New York agreed to reinsure on
an indemnity basis Zurich North America’s U.S. in-force group life and disability policies with annualized earned premium of over $100 million. Aflac
also acquired assets needed to support the group life and disability business, along with an absence management platform.
In November 2019, the Company acquired Argus Holdings, LLC and its subsidiary Argus Dental & Vision, Inc., a benefits management organization
and national network dental and vision company, which provides a platform for Aflac Dental and Vision. Argus is an addition to the Aflac U.S.
segment.
Aflac U.S. Investments
The level of investment income is affected by available cash flow from operations, the timing of investing the cash flow, yields on new investments,
and other factors.
As part of the Company's portfolio management and asset allocation process, Aflac U.S. invests in fixed maturity investments and growth assets,
including public equity securities and alternative investments in limited partnerships. Aflac U.S. has been investing in both publicly traded and
privately originated investment-grade and below-investment-grade fixed maturity securities and loan receivables.
The following table details the investment purchases for Aflac U.S. as of December 31.
(In millions)
Fixed maturity securities:
Other fixed maturity securities
Infrastructure debt
Collateralized loan obligations
Equity securities
Commercial mortgage and other loans:
Transitional real estate loans
Commercial mortgage loans
Middle market loans
Other investments
Total Aflac U.S. Purchases
2020
2019
$
$
573
45
150
8
143
52
79
31
1,081
$
$
1,032
119
0
58
423
104
99
16
1,851
Funds available for investment include cash flows from operations, investment income, and funds generated from maturities, redemptions, and other
securities transactions. Purchases of securities from period to period are determined based on multiple objectives, including appropriate portfolio
diversification, the relative value of a potential investment and availability of investment opportunities, liquidity, credit and other risk factors while
adhering to the Company's investment policy guidelines.
The following table presents the results of Aflac's U.S. investment yields for the years ended and as of December 31.
Total purchases for period (in millions)
(1), (2)
New money yield
Return on average invested assets
(3)
(1)
Portfolio book yield, end of period
(1)
2020
2019
$
1,050
$
1,835
3.04 %
4.90
5.18 %
4.51 %
5.07
5.40 %
(1)
(2)
(3)
Includes fixed maturity securities, commercial mortgage and other loans, equity securities, and excludes alternative investments in limited partnerships
Reported on a gross yield basis; excludes investment expenses and external management fees
Net of investment expenses, year-to-date number reflected on a quarterly average basis
52
Item 7. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
The decrease in the Aflac U.S. new money yield for the year ended December 31, 2020 was primarily due to lower U.S. interest rates.
See Note 3 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements and the Market Risks of Financial Instruments - Credit Risk subsection of Item 7A.
for more information regarding the sector concentrations of the Company's investments.
Changes in the pretax adjusted earnings of Corporate and other are primarily affected by investment income. The following table presents a
summary operating results for Corporate and other for the years ended December 31.
Corporate and Other Summary of Operating Results
CORPORATE AND OTHER
(In millions)
Premium income
Net investment income
Amortized hedge income related to certain foreign currency
management strategies
Adjusted net investment income
Other income
Total adjusted revenues
Benefits and claims, net
Adjusted expenses:
Interest expense
Other adjusted expenses
Total adjusted expenses
Total benefits and adjusted expenses
Pretax adjusted earnings
2020
2019
$
$
194
80
97
177
13
384
180
164
155
319
499
(115)
$
$
200
88
89
177
15
393
194
133
137
270
464
(72)
Adjusted net investment income benefited from the Company’s enterprise corporate hedging program for the years ended December 31, 2020 and
2019, respectively. Beginning in 2020, net investment income also includes the Company's portion of earnings from its strategic equity investment in
an asset management company. See the Hedging Activities subsection of this MD&A for further information on the enterprise corporate hedging
program. The increase in interest expense in 2020 is primarily due to the issuance of additional senior notes in the first and second quarter of 2020.
See Note 9 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements for more information on these senior notes.
In October 2020, the Company entered into an agreement to purchase approximately $200 million in newly issued common stock of Trupanion, Inc.,
a provider of medical insurance for pets in the United States and Canada. The Company closed on approximately $60 million of this transaction in
October 2020. The Company closed on the remaining approximately $140 million of this transaction in November 2020 which resulted in the
Company owning approximately 9% of the outstanding common stock of Trupanion, Inc. The Company also announced that it has entered into an
alliance agreement with Trupanion, Inc. to sell pet insurance on an exclusive basis in the United States, subject to certain exceptions, and to explore
on an exclusive basis potential distribution opportunities for pet insurance in Japan.
INVESTMENTS
The Company’s investment strategy utilizes disciplined asset and liability management while seeking long-term risk-adjusted investment returns and
the delivery of stable income within regulatory and capital objectives, and preserving shareholder value. In attempting to optimally balance these
objectives, the Company seeks to maintain on behalf of Aflac Japan a diversified portfolio of yen-denominated investment assets, U.S. dollar-
denominated investment portfolio hedged back to yen and a portfolio of unhedged U.S. dollar-denominated assets. As part of the Company's
portfolio management and asset allocation process, Aflac U.S. invests in fixed maturity investments and growth assets, including public equity
securities and alternative investments in limited partnerships. Aflac U.S. invests in both publicly traded and privately originated investment-grade and
below-investment-grade fixed maturity securities and loans.
53
Item 7. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
For additional information concerning the Company's investments, see Notes 3, 4, and 5 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements.
The following tables detail investments by segment as of December 31.
Investment Securities by Segment
2020
Aflac Japan
Aflac U.S.
Corporate and
Other
Total
$
88,757
$
15,133
$
1,992
$
105,882
(In millions)
Available for sale, fixed maturity securities,
at fair value
Held to maturity, fixed maturity securities,
(1)
at amortized cost
Equity securities
Commercial mortgage and other loans:
Transitional real estate loans
Commercial mortgage loans
Middle market loans
(1)
(1)
(1)
Other investments:
Policy loans
Short-term investments
Limited partnerships
Other
(2)
Total investments
Cash and cash equivalents
Total investments and cash
$
(1)
(2)
Net of allowance for credit losses
Includes securities lending collateral
(In millions)
Available for sale, fixed maturity securities,
at fair value
Held to maturity, fixed maturity securities,
at amortized cost
Equity securities
Commercial mortgage and other loans:
Transitional real estate loans
Commercial mortgage loans
Middle market loans
Other investments:
Policy loans
Short-term investments
Limited partnerships
Other
(1)
Total investments
Cash and cash equivalents
Total investments and cash
$
(1)
Includes securities lending collateral
24,464
674
4,331
1,268
3,365
242
449
828
0
124,378
2,001
126,379
$
0
66
900
420
270
18
242
91
26
17,166
785
17,951
$
2019
0
543
0
0
0
0
448
85
0
3,068
2,355
5,423
$
24,464
1,283
5,231
1,688
3,635
260
1,139
1,004
26
144,612
5,141
149,753
Aflac Japan
Aflac U.S.
Corporate and
Other
Total
$
75,780
$
13,703
$
1,779
$
91,262
0
67
943
399
271
16
242
55
30
15,726
417
16,143
$
0
78
0
0
0
0
1
17
0
1,875
2,805
4,680
$
30,085
802
5,450
1,707
2,412
250
629
568
30
133,195
4,896
138,091
30,085
657
4,507
1,308
2,141
234
386
496
0
115,594
1,674
117,268
54
$
Item 7. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
The ratings of the Company's securities referenced in the table below are based on the ratings designations provided by major rating organizations
such as Moody's, Standard & Poor's and Fitch or, if not rated, are determined based on the Company's internal analysis of such securities. When
the ratings issued by the rating agencies differ, the Company utilizes the second lowest rating when three or more rating agency ratings are
available or the lowest rating when only two rating agency ratings are available.
The distributions of fixed maturity securities the Company owns, by credit rating, as of December 31 were as follows:
AAA
AA
A
BBB
BB or lower
Total
Composition of Fixed Maturity Securities by Credit Rating
2020
Amortized
Cost
Fair
Value
2019
Amortized
Cost
Fair
Value
1.0 %
4.5
69.3
21.9
3.3
100.0 %
.9 %
4.6
69.5
21.9
3.1
100.0 %
1.1 %
4.3
68.6
23.1
2.9
100.0 %
1.0 %
4.4
69.8
22.1
2.7
100.0 %
As of December 31, 2020, the Company's direct and indirect exposure to securities in its investment portfolio that were guaranteed by third parties
was immaterial both individually and in the aggregate.
The following table presents the 10 largest unrealized loss positions in the Company's portfolio as of December 31, 2020.
(In millions)
Transocean Inc.
Diamond Offshore Drilling Inc.
KLM Royal Dutch Airlines
Grenke Finance PLC
Chevron Corp.
Intesa Sanpaolo Spa
National Football League
Kommunal Landspensjonskasse (KLP)
Heathrow Funding Ltd.
Lloyds Banking Group PLC
Credit
Rating
CCC
D
B
BBB
AA
BBB
A
BBB
BBB
A
Amortized
Cost
Fair
Value
Unrealized Loss
$
50
28
153
68
145
151
156
145
97
222
$
16
7
134
56
135
141
147
137
89
216
$
(34)
(21)
(19)
(12)
(10)
(10)
(9)
(8)
(8)
(6)
Generally, declines in fair values can be a result of changes in interest rates, yen/dollar exchange rate, and changes in net spreads driven by a
broad market move or a change in the issuer's underlying credit quality. The Company believes these issuers have the ability to continue making
timely payments of principal and interest, with the exception of Diamond Offshore Drilling Inc. which has declared bankruptcy. See the Unrealized
Investment Gains and Losses section in Note 3 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements for further discussions of unrealized losses
related to financial institutions and other corporate investments.
Below-Investment-Grade Securities
The Company's portfolio of below-investment-grade securities includes debt securities purchased while the issuer was rated investment grade plus
other loans and bonds purchased as part of an allocation to that segment of the market. The following is the Company's below-investment-grade
exposure.
55
Item 7. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
Below-Investment-Grade Investments
(In millions)
Investcorp Capital Limited
Commerzbank
Pemex Project Funding Master Trust
KLM Royal Dutch Airlines
Autostrade Per Litalia Spa
Telecom Italia SpA
Barclays Bank PLC
Apache Corporation
Ovintiv Inc.
IKB Deutsche Industriebank AG
Other Issuers
Subtotal
Senior secured bank loans
High yield corporate bonds
Middle market loans
Grand Total
(2)
December 31, 2020
Par
Value
Amortized
Cost
(1)
Fair
Value
Unrealized
Gain
(Loss)
$
$
407
386
290
193
193
193
193
138
134
126
1,017
3,270
214
675
3,757
7,916
$
$
407
262
290
153
192
193
127
130
138
56
875
2,823
235
703
3,636
7,397
$
$
459
431
294
134
205
250
169
154
155
89
1,006
3,346
207
712
3,640
7,905
$
$
52
169
4
(19)
13
57
42
24
17
33
131
523
(28)
9
4
508
(1)
(2)
Net of allowance for credit losses
Securities initially purchased as investment grade, but have subsequently been downgraded to below investment grade
The Company invests in senior secured bank loans and middle market loans primarily to U.S. corporate borrowers, most of which have below-
investment-grade ratings. The objectives of these programs include enhancing the yield on invested assets, achieving further diversification of credit
risk, and mitigating the risk of rising interest rates and hedge costs through the acquisition of floating rate assets.
The Company maintains an allocation to higher yielding corporate bonds within the Aflac Japan and Aflac U.S. portfolios. Most of these securities
were rated below-investment-grade at the time of purchase, but the Company also purchased several that were rated investment grade which,
because of market pricing, offer yields commensurate with below-investment-grade risk profiles. The objective of this allocation was to enhance the
Company's yield on invested assets and further diversify credit risk. All investments in this program must have a minimum rating at purchase of low
BB using the Company's above described rating methodology and are managed by the Company's internal credit portfolio management team.
56
Item 7. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
Fixed Maturity Securities by Sector
The Company maintains diversification in investments by sector to avoid concentrations to any one sector, thus managing exposure risk. The
following table shows the distribution of fixed maturities by sector classification as of December 31.
(In millions)
Government and agencies
Municipalities
Mortgage- and asset-backed securities
Public utilities
Electric
Natural Gas
Other
Utility/Energy
Sovereign and Supranational
Banks/financial institutions
Banking
Insurance
Other
Other corporate
Basic Industry
Capital Goods
Communications
Consumer Cyclical
Consumer Non-Cyclical
Energy
Other
Technology
Transportation
Total fixed maturity securities
(1)
Net of allowance for credit losses
Securities by Type of Issuance
Amortized
Cost
(1)
Gross
Unrealized
Gains
2020
Gross
Unrealized
Losses
Fair Value
% of
Total
$
$
56,649 $
2,855
1,009
8,837
7,131
318
615
773
1,784
10,525
6,299
2,007
2,219
34,397
3,309
3,388
4,096
3,159
7,209
4,130
1,565
3,514
4,027
116,056 $
9,822 $
668
35
2,057
1,683
63
133
178
337
1,644
1,041
404
199
6,143
720
566
940
573
1,256
641
210
341
896
20,706 $
(52) $
(7)
(6)
(16)
(13)
0
0
(3)
(3)
(109)
(37)
(36)
(36)
(288)
(15)
(20)
(33)
(29)
(44)
(57)
(6)
(38)
(46)
(481) $
66,419
3,517
1,038
10,879
8,803
381
747
948
2,113
12,062
7,305
2,375
2,382
40,253
4,013
3,934
5,003
3,703
8,423
4,715
1,769
3,816
4,877
136,281
48.9 %
2.5
.9
7.6
6.1
.3
.5
.7
1.5
9.0
5.4
1.7
1.9
29.6
2.9
2.9
3.5
2.7
6.2
3.6
1.3
3.0
3.5
100.0 %
The Company has investments in both publicly and privately issued securities. The Company's ability to sell either type of security is a function of
overall market liquidity which is impacted by, among other things, the amount of outstanding securities of a particular issuer or issuance, trading
history of the issue or issuer, overall market conditions, and idiosyncratic events affecting the specific issue or issuer.
57
Item 7. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
The following table details investment securities by type of issuance as of December 31.
Investment Securities by Type of Issuance
(In millions)
Publicly issued securities:
Fixed maturity securities
Equity securities
Total publicly issued
Privately issued securities:
Fixed maturity securities
Equity securities
(3)
(2)
Total privately issued
Total investment securities
2020
2019
Amortized
Cost
(1)
Fair
Value
Amortized
Cost
Fair
Value
$
$
95,545
740
96,285
20,511
543
21,054
117,339
$
$
111,479
740
112,219
24,802
543
25,345
137,564
$
$
89,625
717
90,342
19,831
85
19,916
110,258
$
$
105,557
717
106,274
23,299
85
23,384
129,658
(1)
(2)
(3)
Net of allowance for credit losses
Primarily consists of securities owned by Aflac Japan
Excludes Rule 144A securities
The following table details the Company's reverse-dual currency securities as of December 31.
Reverse-Dual Currency Securities
(1)
(Amortized cost, in millions)
Privately issued reverse-dual currency securities
Publicly issued collateral structured as reverse-dual currency securities
Total reverse-dual currency securities
Reverse-dual currency securities as a percentage of total investment
securities
(1)
Principal payments in yen and interest payments in dollars
2020
5,300
1,775
7,075
$
$
2019
4,993
1,678
6,671
$
$
6.0 %
6.1 %
Aflac Japan has a portfolio of privately issued securities to better match liability characteristics and secure higher yields than those available on
Japanese government or other public corporate bonds. Aflac Japan’s investments in yen-denominated privately issued securities consist primarily of
non-Japanese issuers, are rated investment grade at purchase and have longer maturities, thereby allowing the Company to improve asset/liability
matching and overall investment returns. These securities are generally either privately negotiated arrangements or issued under medium-term note
programs and have standard documentation commensurate with credit ratings of the issuer, except when internal credit analysis indicates that
additional protective and/or event-risk covenants were required. Many of these investments have protective covenants appropriate to the specific
investment. These may include a prohibition of certain activities by the borrower, maintenance of certain financial measures, and specific conditions
impacting the payment of the Company's notes.
HEDGING ACTIVITIES
The Company uses derivative contracts to hedge foreign currency exchange rate risk and interest rate risk. The Company uses various strategies,
including derivatives, to manage these risks. See item “7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk” for more information about
market risk and the Company’s use of derivatives.
Derivatives are designed to reduce risk on an economic basis while minimizing the impact on financial results. The Company’s derivatives programs
vary depending on the type of risk being hedged. See Note 4 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements for:
•
•
•
A description of the Company's derivatives, hedging strategies and underlying risk exposure.
Information about the notional amount and fair market value of the Company's derivatives.
The unrealized and realized gains and losses impact on adjusted earnings of derivatives in cash flow, fair value, net investments in foreign
operations, or non-qualifying hedging relationships.
58
Item 7. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
Foreign Currency Exchange Rate Risk Hedge Program
The Company has deployed the following hedging strategies to mitigate exposure to foreign currency exchange rate risk:
•
•
•
•
Aflac Japan hedges U.S. dollar-denominated investments back to yen (see Aflac Japan’s U.S. Dollar-Denominated Hedge Program below).
Aflac Japan maintains certain unhedged U.S. dollar-denominated securities, which serve as an economic currency hedge of a portion of the
Company's investment in Aflac Japan (see Aflac Japan’s U.S. Dollar-Denominated Hedge Program below).
The Parent Company designates yen-denominated liabilities (notes payable and loans) as non-derivative hedging instruments and
designates certain foreign currency forwards and options as derivative hedges of the Company’s net investment in Aflac Japan (see
Enterprise Corporate Hedging Program below).
The Parent Company enters into forward and option contracts to accomplish a dual objective of hedging foreign currency exchange rate risk
related to dividend payments by its subsidiary, ALIJ, and reducing enterprise-wide hedge costs. (see Enterprise Corporate Hedging
Program below).
Aflac Japan’s U.S. Dollar-Denominated Hedge Program
Aflac Japan buys U.S. dollar-denominated investments, typically corporate bonds, and hedges them back to yen with foreign currency forwards and
options to hedge foreign currency exchange rate risk. This economically creates yen assets that match yen liabilities during the life of the derivative
and provides capital relief. The currency risk being hedged is generally based on fair value of hedged investments. The following table summarizes
the U.S. dollar-denominated investments held by Aflac Japan as of December 31.
(In millions)
Available-for-sale securities:
Fixed maturity securities (excluding bank loans)
Fixed maturity securities - bank loans (floating rate)
Equity securities
Commercial mortgage and other loans:
Transitional real estate loans (floating rate)
Commercial mortgage loans
Middle market loans (floating rate)
Other investments
Total U.S. Dollar Program
Available-for-sale securities:
Fixed maturity securities - economically converted to yen
Total U.S. dollar-denominated investments in Aflac Japan
(1)
Net of allowance for credit losses
2020
2019
Amortized
Cost
(1)
Fair
Value
Amortized
Cost
Fair
Value
$
$
19,249 $
319
20
4,331
1,268
3,365
828
29,380
21,108
283
20
4,298
1,365
3,377
828
31,279
$
18,012 $
677
19
4,507
1,308
2,141
496
27,160
2,085
31,465 $
3,094
34,373
$
1,700
28,860 $
19,542
649
19
4,543
1,319
2,153
496
28,721
2,608
31,329
U.S. Dollar Program includes all U.S. dollar-denominated investments in Aflac Japan other than the investments in certain consolidated VIEs where
the instrument is economically converted to yen as a result of a derivative in the consolidated VIE. Aflac Japan maintains a collar program on a
portion of its US dollar program to mitigate against more extreme moves in foreign exchange and therefore support SMR. In the first quarter of 2020,
the Company reduced the size of the collar program by approximately $3 billion. In December 2020, the Company reduced the total size of the
forward and collar programs by approximately $5 billion and purchased foreign currency options to hedge approximately $5 billion of U.S. dollar-
denominated assets. While these adjustments will moderately increase the Company's exposure to SMR volatility, the Company believes that they
will also reduce its exposure to pricing volatility and the related risk of negative settlements should there be a material weakening in the yen.
Depending on further developments, including the possibility of further market volatility, there may be additional costs associated with maintaining
the collar program. The Company is continually evaluating other adjustments, including the possibility of changing the level of hedging employed
with the U.S dollar-denominated investments.
59
Item 7. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
As of December 31, 2020, Aflac Japan had $6.4 billion outstanding notional amounts of foreign currency forwards and $13.1 billion outstanding
notional amounts of foreign currency options, of which none were in-the-money, hedging the U.S. dollar-denominated investments. The fair value of
Aflac Japan's unhedged U.S. dollar-denominated portfolio was $9.4 billion (excluding certain U.S. dollar-denominated assets shown in the table
above as a result of consolidation that have been economically converted to yen using derivatives).
Foreign exchange derivatives used for hedging are periodically settled, which results in cash receipt or payment at maturity or early termination. The
Company had net cash outflows of $21 million in 2020 and net cash outflows of $20 million in 2019, associated with the currency derivatives used
for hedging Aflac Japan’s U.S. dollar-denominated investments.
Enterprise Corporate Hedging Program
The Company has designated certain yen-denominated liabilities and foreign currency forwards and options of the Parent Company as accounting
hedges of its net investment in Aflac Japan. The Company's consolidated yen-denominated net asset position was partially hedged at $9.9 billion as
of December 31, 2020, compared with $9.1 billion as of December 31, 2019.
The Company makes its accounting designation of net investment hedge at the beginning of each quarter. If the total of the designated Parent
Company non-derivative and derivative notional is equal to or less than the Company's net investment in Aflac Japan, the hedge is deemed to be
effective, and the currency exchange effect on the yen-denominated liabilities and the change in estimated fair value of the derivatives are reported
in the unrealized foreign currency component of other comprehensive income. The Company's net investment hedge was effective during the years
ended December 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively. For additional information on the Company's net investment hedging strategy, see Note 4 of the
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements.
In order to economically mitigate risks associated with the enterprise-wide exposure to the yen and the level and volatility of hedge costs, the Parent
Company enters into foreign exchange forward and option contracts. By buying U.S. dollars and selling yen, the Parent Company is effectively
lowering its overall economic exposure to the yen, while Aflac Japan's U.S dollar exposure remains reduced as a result of Aflac Japan's U.S. dollar-
denominated hedge program that economically creates yen assets. Among other objectives, this strategy is intended to offset the enterprise-wide
amortized hedge costs by generating amortized hedge income. The portion of the enterprise-wide amortized hedge income contributed by this
strategy was $97 million in 2020 and $89 million in 2019. This activity is reported in Corporate and Other. As this program evolves, the Company will
continue to evaluate the program’s efficacy. See the Results of Operations section of this MD&A for the Company's definition of amortized hedge
costs/income.
60
Item 7. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
The following table presents metrics related to Aflac Japan amortized hedge costs and the Parent Company amortized hedge income for the years
ended December 31.
Hedge Cost/Income Metrics
(1)
2020
2019
Aflac Japan:
FX Forwards
FX forward (sell USD, buy yen) notional at end of period (in billions)
Weighted average remaining tenor (in months)
Amortized hedge income (cost) for period (in millions)
FX Options
(3)
(2)
FX option notional at the end of period (in billions)
Weighted average remaining tenor (in months)
Amortized hedge income (cost) for period (in millions)
(3)
(2)
Corporate and Other (Parent Company):
FX Forwards
FX forward (buy USD, sell yen) notional at end of period (in billions)
Weighted average remaining tenor (in months)
Amortized hedge income (cost) for period (in millions)
FX Options
(3)
(2)
FX option notional at the end of period (in billions)
Weighted average remaining tenor (in months)
Amortized hedge income (cost) for period (in millions)
(3)
(2)
$6.4
12.7
$(197)
$13.1
5.3
$(9)
$5.0
12.1
$102
$2.0
7.2
$(5)
$8.8
8.5
$(256)
$9.2
1.9
$(1)
$4.9
13.7
$90
$2.0
8.4
$(1)
(1)
(2)
(3)
See the Results of Operations section of this MD&A for the Company's definition of amortized hedge costs/income.
Notional is reported net of any offsetting positions within Aflac Japan or the Parent Company, respectively.
Tenor based on period reporting date to settlement date
Interest Rate Risk Hedge Program
Aflac Japan and Aflac U.S. use interest rate swaps from time to time to mitigate the risk of investment income volatility for certain variable-rate
investments. Additionally, to manage interest rate risk associated with its U.S. dollar-denominated investments held by Aflac Japan, from time to
time the Company utilizes interest rate swaptions.
For additional discussion of the risks associated with the foreign currency exposure refer to the Currency Risk section in Item 7A., Quantitative and
Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risks, and Item 1A, specifically to the Risk Factors titled “The Company is exposed to foreign currency
fluctuations in the yen/dollar exchange rate“ and “Lack of availability of acceptable yen-denominated investments could adversely affect the
Company's results of operations, financial position or liquidity."
See Note 4 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information on the Company's hedging activities.
61
Item 7. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
The following table presents policy liabilities by segment and in total for the years ended December 31.
POLICY LIABILITIES
(In millions)
Japan segment:
Future policy benefits
Unpaid policy claims
Other policy liabilities
Total Japan policy liabilities
U.S. segment:
Future policy benefits
Unpaid policy claims
Other policy liabilities
Total U.S. policy liabilities
Consolidated:
Future policy benefits
Unpaid policy claims
Other policy liabilities
Total consolidated policy liabilities
(1)
2020
2019
$
$
88,652
3,177
11,299
103,128
9,674
2,010
126
11,810
97,783
5,187
11,421
114,391
$
$
81,462
2,879
11,452
95,793
9,405
1,779
111
11,295
90,335
4,659
11,560
106,554
(1)
The sum of the Japan and U.S. segments exceeds the total due to reinsurance and retrocession activity.
See Note 7 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information on the Company's policy liabilities.
BENEFIT PLANS
Aflac Japan and Aflac U.S. have various benefit plans. For additional information on the Company's Japanese and U.S. plans, see Note 14 of the
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements.
Policyholder Protection Corporation
POLICYHOLDER PROTECTION
The Japanese insurance industry has a policyholder protection system that provides funds for the policyholders of insolvent insurers. Legislation
enacted regarding the framework of the Life Insurance Policyholder Protection Corporation (LIPPC) included government fiscal measures supporting
the LIPPC. In November 2016, Japan's Diet passed legislation that again extends the government's fiscal support of the LIPPC through March 2022.
Effective April 2014, the annual LIPPC contribution amount for the total life industry was lowered from ¥40 billion to ¥33 billion. Aflac Japan
recognized an expense of ¥1.9 billion for LIPPC assessments in each of the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019.
Guaranty Fund Assessments
Under U.S. state guaranty association laws, certain insurance companies can be assessed (up to prescribed limits) for certain obligations to the
policyholders and claimants of impaired or insolvent insurance companies that write the same line or similar lines of business. The amount of the
guaranty fund assessment that an insurer is assessed is based on its proportionate share of premiums in that state. See Note 15 of the Notes to the
Consolidated Financial Statements for further information on guaranty fund assessments.
See Note 3 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements for details on certain investment commitments.
OFF-BALANCE SHEET ARRANGEMENTS
As of December 31, 2020, the Company had no material letters of credit, standby letters of credit, guarantees or standby repurchase obligations.
See Note 15 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements for information on material unconditional purchase obligations that are not
recorded on the Company's balance sheet.
62
Item 7. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES
Liquidity refers to the ability to generate sufficient cash resources to meet the payment obligations of the Company. Capital refers to the long-term
financial resources available to support the operations of the businesses, fund business growth and provide for an ability to withstand adverse
circumstances. Financial leverage (leverage) refers to an investment strategy of using debt to increase the potential return on equity. The Company
targets and actively manages liquidity, capital and leverage in the context of a number of considerations, including:
•
•
•
•
•
•
business investment and growth needs
strategic growth objectives
financial flexibility and obligations
capital support for hedging activity
a constantly evolving business and economic environment
a balanced approach to capital allocation and shareholder deployment.
The governance framework supporting liquidity, capital and leverage includes global senior management and board committees that review and
approve all significant capital related decisions.
The Company's cash and cash equivalents include unrestricted cash on hand, money market instruments, and other debt instruments with a
maturity of 90 days or less when purchased, all of which has minimal market, settlement or other risk exposure. The target minimum amount for the
Parent Company’s cash and cash equivalents is approximately $2.0 billion to provide a capital buffer and liquidity support at the holding company.
Amid the COVID-19 pandemic, the Company remains committed to prudent liquidity and capital management. At December 31, 2020, the Company
held $5.1 billion in cash and cash equivalents for stress conditions, which includes the Parent Company's target minimum amount of $2.0 billion. For
additional information on the Company’s liquidity and capital resources in response to COVID-19, see the Executive Summary section of this MD&A.
Aflac Japan and Aflac U.S. provide the primary sources of liquidity to the Parent Company through management fees and dividends. To maintain a
strong capital position during the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020, dividends paid to the Parent Company by Aflac Japan were reduced. For additional
information on the impact to subsidiary dividends paid to the Parent Company as a result of COVID-19, see the Executive Summary section of this
MD&A.
The following table presents the amounts provided to the Parent Company for the years ended December 31.
Liquidity Provided by Subsidiaries to Parent Company
(In millions)
Dividends declared or paid by subsidiaries
Management fees paid by subsidiaries
2020
$
2,068
131
$
2019
3,466
151
The following table details Aflac Japan remittances for the years ended December 31.
Aflac Japan Remittances
(In millions of dollars and billions of yen)
Aflac Japan management fees paid to Parent Company
Expenses allocated to Aflac Japan (in dollars)
Aflac Japan profit remittances to the Parent Company (in dollars)
Aflac Japan profit remittances to the Parent Company (in yen)
$
2020
71
0
1,215
$
2019
75
4
2,070
¥
129.8
¥
225.2
The Company intends to maintain higher than historical levels of liquidity and capital at the Parent Company for stress conditions and with the goals
of addressing the Company’s hedge costs and related potential need for collateral and mitigating against long-term weakening of the Japanese yen.
Further, the Company plans to continue to maintain a portfolio of unhedged U.S. dollar based investments at Aflac Japan and consider whether the
amount of such investments should be increased or decreased relative to the Company’s view of economic equity surplus in Aflac Japan in light of
potentially rising hedge costs and other factors. See the Hedging Activity subsection in this MD&A for more information.
63
Item 7. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
In addition to cash and equivalents, the Company also maintains credit facilities, both intercompany and with external partners, and a number of
other available tools to support liquidity needs on a global basis. In September 2018, the Parent Company filed a shelf registration statement with
the SEC that allows the Company to issue an indefinite amount of debt securities, in one or more series, from time to time until September 2021.
The Company believes outside sources for additional debt and equity capital, if needed, will continue to be available. Additionally, as of
December 31, 2020, the Parent Company and Aflac had four lines of credit with third parties and seven intercompany lines of credit. For additional
information, see Note 9 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements.
The primary uses of cash by the Parent Company are shareholder dividends, the repurchase of its common stock and interest on its outstanding
indebtedness and operating expenses.
Major Contractual Obligations
The following table presents the estimated payments by period of the Company's major contractual obligations as of December 31, 2020. The
Company translated its yen-denominated obligations using the December 31, 2020, exchange rate. Actual future payments as reported in dollars will
fluctuate with changes in the yen/dollar exchange rate.
(2)
(In millions)
Future policy benefits liability (Note 7)
(3)
Unpaid policy claims liability (Note 7)
(3)
Other policyholders' funds (Note 7)
Long-term debt – principal (Note 9)
Long-term debt – interest (Note 9)
Cash collateral on loaned securities (Note 3)
Operating service agreements (Note 15)
Operating lease obligations (Note 9)
Finance lease obligations (Note 9)
Total contractual obligations
Distribution of Payments by Period
Total
Liability
(1)
Total
Payments
Less
Than
One Year
$
$
97,783
5,187
7,824
7,745
49
964
N/A
143
(4)
11
$
119,706
$
256,340
5,187
10,219
7,804
2,984
964
407
152
11
284,068
$
$
10,057
3,343
373
0
221
964
195
52
4
15,209
One to
Three Years
19,724
$
1,090
477
700
426
0
168
51
5
22,641
$
$
$
Three to
Five
Years
After
Five Years
19,661
432
868
1,320
345
0
44
21
2
22,693
$
$
206,898
322
8,501
5,784
1,992
0
0
28
0
223,525
Liabilities for unrecognized tax benefits in the amount of $19 have been excluded from the tabular disclosure above because the timing of cash payment is not
reasonably estimable.
(1)
Liability amounts are those reported on the consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2020.
The estimated payments due by period reflect future estimated cash payments to be made to policyholders and others for future policy benefits. These
projected cash outflows are based on assumptions for future policy persistency, mortality, morbidity, and other assumptions comparable with the Company's
experience, consider future premium receipts on current policies in force, and assume market growth and interest crediting consistent with assumptions used
in amortizing deferred acquisition costs. These cash outflows are undiscounted with respect to interest and, as a result, the sum of the cash outflows shown
for all years in the table of $256,340 exceeds the corresponding liability amount of $97,783. The Company has made significant assumptions to determine the
future estimated cash outflows related to the underlying policies and contracts. Due to the significance of the assumptions used, actual cash outflow amounts
and timing will differ, possibly materially, from these estimates.
Includes assumptions as to the timing of policyholders reporting claims for prior periods and the amount of those claims. Actual amounts and timing of unpaid
policy claims payments may differ significantly from the estimates above.
Not applicable
(2)
(3)
(4)
For more information on the Company's major contractual obligations, see the applicable Note in the Notes to the Consolidated Financial
Statements as indicated in the line items in the table above.
The Company's consolidated financial statements convey its financing arrangements during the periods presented. The Company has not engaged
in material intra-period short-term financings during the periods presented that are not otherwise reported in its balance sheet or disclosed therein.
The Company was in compliance with all of the covenants of its notes payable and lines of credit at December 31, 2020. The Company has not
entered into transactions involving the transfer of financial assets with an obligation to repurchase financial assets that have been accounted for as a
sale under applicable accounting standards, including securities lending transactions. See Notes 1, 3, and 4 of the Notes to the Consolidated
Financial Statements for more information on the Company's securities lending and derivative activities. With the exception of disclosed activities in
those referenced footnotes and the Risk Factors entitled, "The Company is exposed to foreign currency fluctuations in the yen/dollar exchange rate"
and "Lack of availability of acceptable yen-denominated investments could adversely affect the Company's results of operations, financial position or
liquidity," the
64
Item 7. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
Company is not aware of a trend, demand, commitment, event or uncertainty that would likely result in its liquidity increasing or decreasing by a
material amount.
Consolidated Cash Flows
The Company translates cash flows for Aflac Japan's yen-denominated items into U.S. dollars using weighted-average exchange rates. In years
when the yen weakens, translating yen into dollars causes fewer dollars to be reported. When the yen strengthens, translating yen into dollars
causes more dollars to be reported.
The following table summarizes consolidated cash flows by activity for the years ended December 31.
(In millions)
Operating activities
Investing activities
Financing activities
Exchange effect on cash and cash equivalents
Net change in cash and cash equivalents
2020
5,958
(4,619)
(1,115)
21
245
$
$
2019
5,455
(3,171)
(1,713)
(12)
559
$
$
Operating Activities
The principal cash inflows for the Company's insurance activities come from insurance premiums and investment income. The principal cash
outflows are the result of policy claims, operating expenses, income tax, as well as interest expense. As a result of policyholder aging, claims
payments are expected to gradually increase over the life of a policy. Therefore, future policy benefit reserves are accumulated in the early years of
a policy and are designed to help fund future claims payments.
The Company expects its future cash flows from premiums and investment portfolios to be sufficient to meet its cash needs for benefits and
expenses. Consolidated cash flow from operations increased 9.2% in 2020, compared with 2019.
Investing Activities
The Company's investment objectives provide for liquidity primarily through the purchase of publicly traded investment-grade debt securities.
Prudent portfolio management dictates that the Company attempts to match the duration of its assets with the duration of its liabilities. Currently,
when the Company's fixed maturity securities mature, the proceeds may be reinvested at a yield below that required for the accretion of policy
benefit liabilities on policies issued in earlier years. However, the long-term nature of the Company's business and its strong cash flows provide the
Company with the ability to minimize the effect of mismatched durations and/or yields identified by various asset adequacy analyses. From time to
time or when market opportunities arise, the Company disposes of selected fixed maturity securities that are available for sale to improve the
duration matching of assets and liabilities, improve future investment yields, and/or re-balance its portfolio. As a result, dispositions before maturity
can vary significantly from year to year.
As part of its overall corporate strategy, the Company has committed $400 million to Aflac Ventures, LLC (Aflac Ventures), as opportunities emerge.
Aflac Ventures is a subsidiary of Aflac Global Ventures, LLC (Aflac Global Ventures) which is reported in the Corporate and Other segment. The
central mission of Aflac Global Ventures is to support the organic growth and business development needs of Aflac Japan and Aflac U.S. with an
emphasis on digital applications designed to improve the customer experience, gain efficiencies, and develop new markets in an effort to enhance
and defend long-term shareholder value. Investments are included in equity securities or the other investments line in the consolidated balance
sheets.
As part of an arrangement with FHLB, Aflac U.S. obtains low-cost funding from FHLB supported by acceptable forms of collateral pledged by Aflac
U.S. In 2020, Aflac U.S. borrowed and repaid $299 million under this program. As of December 31, 2020, Aflac U.S. had outstanding borrowings of
$301 million reported in its balance sheet. To further support liquidity and capital resources amid the pandemic, in April 2020, Aflac U.S. increased
its internal limit for borrowings under this program to $800 million, $300 million of which the Company has designated to be used for short-term
liquidity needs only and subject to qualified collateral availability and other conditions.
See Note 3 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements for details on certain investment commitments.
65
Item 7. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
Consolidated cash used by financing activities was $1.1 billion in 2020 and $1.7 billion in 2019.
Financing Activities
In April 2020, the Parent Company issued $1.0 billion of senior notes through a U.S. public debt offering. The notes bear interest at a fixed rate of
3.60% per annum, payable semi-annually, and will mature in April 2030. These notes are redeemable at the Parent Company's option in whole at
any time or in part from time to time at a redemption price equal to the greater of: (i) the aggregate principal amount of the notes to be redeemed or
(ii) the amount equal to the sum of the present values of the remaining scheduled payments for principal of and interest on the notes to be
redeemed, not including any portion of the payments of interest accrued as of such redemption date, discounted to such redemption date on a
semiannual basis at the yield to maturity for a U.S. Treasury security with a maturity comparable to the remaining term of the notes, plus 45 basis
points, plus in each case, accrued and unpaid interest on the principal amount of the notes to be redeemed to, but excluding, such redemption date.
In March 2020, the Parent Company issued four series of senior notes totaling ¥57.0 billion through a public debt offering under its U.S. shelf
registration statement. The first series, which totaled ¥12.4 billion, bears interest at a fixed rate of .300% per annum, payable semiannually and will
mature in September 2025. The second series, which totaled ¥13.3 billion, bears interest at a fixed rate of .550% per annum, payable semi-annually,
and will mature in March 2030. The third series, which totaled ¥20.7 billion, bears interest at a fixed rate of .750% per annum, payable semiannually
and will mature in March 2032. The fourth series, which totaled ¥10.6 billion, bears interest at a fixed rate of .830% per annum, payable semi-
annually, and will mature in March 2035. These notes may only be redeemed before maturity, in whole but not in part, upon the occurrence of
certain changes affecting U.S. taxation, as specified in the indenture governing the terms of the issuance.
In January 2020, the Parent Company used the net proceeds from senior notes issued in December 2019 to redeem $350 million of its 4.00% fixed-
rate senior notes due February 2022.
In December 2019, the Parent Company issued four series of senior notes totaling ¥38.0 billion through a public debt offering under its U.S. shelf
registration statement. The first series, which totaled ¥12.6 billion, bears interest at a fixed rate of .500% per annum, payable semi-annually, and will
mature in December 2029. The second series, which totaled ¥9.3 billion, bears interest at a fixed rate of .843% per annum, payable semi-annually,
and will mature in December 2031. The third series, which totaled ¥9.8 billion, bears interest at a fixed rate of .934% per annum, payable semi-
annually, and will mature in December 2034. The fourth series, which totaled ¥6.3 billion, bears interest at a fixed rate of 1.122% per annum,
payable semi-annually, and will mature in December 2039. These notes may only be redeemed before maturity, in whole but not in part, upon the
occurrence of certain changes affecting U.S. taxation, as specified in the indenture governing the terms of the issuance.
In September 2019, the Parent Company renewed a ¥30.0 billion senior term loan facility. The first tranche of the facility, which totaled ¥5.0 billion,
bears interest at a rate per annum equal to the Tokyo interbank market rate (TIBOR), or alternate TIBOR, if applicable, plus the applicable TIBOR
margin and will mature in September 2026. The applicable margin ranges between .30% and .70%, depending on the Parent Company's debt
ratings as of the date of determination. The second tranche, which totaled ¥25.0 billion, bears interest at a rate per annum equal to the TIBOR, or
alternate TIBOR, if applicable, plus the applicable TIBOR margin and will mature in September 2029. The applicable margin ranges between .45%
and 1.00%, depending on the Parent Company's debt ratings as of the date of determination.
In April 2019, ALIJ issued ¥30.0 billion (par value) of perpetual subordinated bonds. These bonds bear interest at a fixed rate of .963% per annum
and then at six-month Euro Yen LIBOR plus an applicable spread on and after the day immediately following April 18, 2024. The bonds will be
callable on each interest payment date on and after April 18, 2024. In November 2019, ALIJ amended the bonds to change their duration from
perpetual to a stated maturity date of April 16, 2049 and to remove provisions that permitted ALIJ to defer payments of interest under certain
circumstances.
See Note 9 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements for further information on the debt issuances discussed above.
The Company was in compliance with all of the covenants of its notes payable and lines of credit at December 31, 2020.
Cash returned to shareholders through treasury stock purchases and dividends was $2.3 billion in 2020, compared with $2.4 billion in 2019.
66
Item 7. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
The following tables present a summary of treasury stock activity during the years ended December 31.
Treasury Stock Purchased
(In millions of dollars and thousands of shares)
Treasury stock purchases
Number of shares purchased:
Share repurchase program
Other
Total shares purchased
(In millions of dollars and thousands of shares)
Stock issued from treasury:
Cash financing
Noncash financing
Total stock issued from treasury
Number of shares issued
Treasury Stock Issued
2020
$
1,537
2019
$
1,627
37,899
542
38,441
31,994
592
32,586
2020
2019
$
$
34
54
88
2,393
$
$
49
50
99
2,324
Under share repurchase authorizations from the Company's board of directors, the Company purchased 37.9 million shares of its common stock in
2020, compared with 32.0 million shares in 2019. In August 2020, the Company's board of directors authorized the purchase of 100 million shares of
its common stock. As of December 31, 2020, a remaining balance of 99.2 million shares of the Company's common stock was available for
purchase under share repurchase authorizations by its board of directors. See Note 11 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements for
additional information. For information on the impact of COVID-19 on the Company's share repurchase program, see the Executive Summary
section of this MD&A.
Cash dividends paid to shareholders in 2020 of $1.12 per share increased 3.7% over 2019. The following table presents the dividend activity for the
years ended December 31.
Dividends Paid to Shareholders
(In millions)
Dividends paid in cash
Dividends through issuance of treasury shares
Total dividends to shareholders
2020
$
$
769
29
798
2019
$
$
771
30
801
In November 2020, the board of directors announced a 17.9% increase in the quarterly cash dividend, effective with the first quarter of 2021. The
first quarter 2021 cash dividend of $.33 per share is payable on March 1, 2021, to shareholders of record at the close of business on February 17,
2021.
Aflac Japan
Regulatory Restrictions
Aflac Japan is required to meet certain financial criteria as governed by Japanese corporate law in order to provide dividends to the Parent
Company. Under these criteria, dividend capacity at the Japan subsidiary is basically defined as total equity excluding common stock, accumulated
other comprehensive income amounts, capital reserves (representing statutorily required amounts in Japan) but reduced for net after-tax unrealized
losses on available-for-sale securities. These dividend capacity requirements are generally aligned with the SMR. Japan's FSA maintains its own
solvency standard which is quantified through the SMR. Aflac Japan's SMR is sensitive to interest rate, credit spread, and foreign exchange rate
changes, therefore the Company continues to evaluate alternatives for reducing this sensitivity, including the reduction of subsidiary dividends paid
to the Parent Company and Parent Company capital contributions. In the event of a rapid change in market risk conditions causing SMR to decline,
the Company has one senior unsecured revolving credit facility in the amount of ¥100 billion and a committed reinsurance facility in the amount of
approximately ¥120 billion
67
Item 7. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
as a capital contingency plan. Additionally, the Company could take action to enter into derivatives on unhedged U.S. dollar-denominated
investments with foreign currency options or forwards. See Notes 8 and 9 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements for additional
information.
The Company has already undertaken various measures to mitigate the sensitivity of Aflac Japan's SMR. For example, the Company employs policy
reserve matching (PRM) investment strategies, which is a Japan-specific accounting treatment that reduces SMR interest rate sensitivity since PRM-
designated investments are carried at amortized cost consistent with corresponding liabilities. In order for a PRM-designated asset to be held at
amortized cost, there are certain criteria that must be maintained. The primary criterion relates to maintaining the duration of designated assets and
liabilities within a specified tolerance range. If the duration difference is not maintained within the specified range without rebalancing, then a certain
portion of the assets must be re-classified as available for sale and held at fair value with any associated unrealized gain or loss recorded in surplus.
To rebalance, assets may need to be sold in order to maintain the duration with the specified range, resulting in realizing a gain or loss from the sale.
For U.S. GAAP, PRM investments are categorized as available for sale. The Company also uses foreign currency derivatives to hedge a portion of
its U.S. dollar-denominated investments. See Notes 3, 4 and 8 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information on
the Company's investment strategies, hedging activities, and reinsurance, respectively.
Aflac Japan's SMR ratio remains high and reflects a strong capital and surplus position. As of December 31, 2020, Aflac Japan's SMR was 960%,
compared with 1,043% at December 31, 2019. The Company is committed to maintaining strong capital levels throughout the pandemic, consistent
with maintaining current insurance financial strength and credit ratings. For additional information see the Executive Summary COVID-19 section of
this MD&A.
The FSA is considering the introduction of an economic value-based solvency regime based on the Insurance Capital Standards (ICS) for insurance
companies in Japan. The FSA is currently conducting field testing with insurance companies in Japan for the purpose of investigating the impact of
the introduction of regulations. Provisional specifications are expected to be decided in 2022, and a new capital regime to replace the current
solvency regime may be introduced as early as 2025.
Aflac U.S.
A life insurance company’s statutory capital and surplus is determined according to rules prescribed by the NAIC, as modified by the insurance
department in the insurance company’s state of domicile. Statutory accounting rules are different from U.S. GAAP and are intended to emphasize
policyholder protection and company solvency. The continued long-term growth of the Company's business may require increases in the statutory
capital and surplus of its insurance operations. The Company's insurance operations may secure additional statutory capital through various
sources, such as internally generated statutory earnings, reduced dividends paid to the Parent Company, capital contributions by the Parent
Company from funds generated through debt or equity offerings, or reinsurance transactions. The NAIC’s RBC formula is used by insurance
regulators to help identify inadequately capitalized insurance companies. The RBC formula quantifies insurance risk, business risk, asset risk and
interest rate risk by weighing the types and mixtures of risks inherent in the insurer’s operations.
The combined RBC ratio for Aflac U.S. as of December 31, 2020 was 550%. The Company calculates its combined RBC ratio to include all U.S.
regulated life insurance entities as if a single combined U.S. RBC entity net of intercompany items related to capital resources and risk.
The table below presents RBC ratios for the Company’s U.S. life insurance subsidiaries as of December 31, the most recently statutory fiscal year-
end for the subsidiaries for which RBC was filed. The Company intends to maintain a target minimum RBC of approximately 400% for Aflac,
consistent with the Company's risk management practices.
Aflac
CAIC
TOIC
Aflac New York
2020
508 %
975
6,964
1,077
The NAIC completed its Solvency Modernization Initiative (SMI) process relating to updating the U.S. insurance solvency regulation framework. The
SMI focused on key issues such as capital requirements, governance and risk management, group supervision, reinsurance, statutory accounting
and financial reporting matters. The NAIC still has some ongoing
68
Item 7. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
initiatives related to SMI, such as monitoring the international efforts on group capital requirements as well as RBC. In 2020, the NAIC formally
adopted a group capital calculation (GCC) that conceptually uses an RBC aggregation methodology for all entities within the insurance company
holding system. The GCC is intended to be a regulatory tool used by regulators as a means to standardize group capital requirements. In addition,
the NAIC has also proposed changes to investment risk factors for fixed maturity securities which are expected to be adopted for 2021 RBC filings.
Any negative developments by the NAIC in these areas could result in increased capital requirements for the Company.
Aflac is subject to the NAIC’s Own Risk and Solvency Assessment (ORSA) reporting requirement. Through the ORSA requirements, Aflac is
expected to regularly, no less than annually, conduct an ORSA to assess the adequacy of its risk management framework, and its current and
projected future solvency position; internally document the process and results of the assessment; and provide a confidential high-level ORSA
Summary Report annually to the lead state commissioner. In November 2020, Aflac filed its ORSA report with the Nebraska Department of
Insurance.
Aflac, CAIC and TOIC are domiciled in Nebraska and are subject to its regulations. The Nebraska Department of Insurance imposes certain
limitations and restrictions on payments of dividends, management fees, loans and advances to the Parent Company. Under Nebraska insurance
law, prior approval of the Nebraska Department of Insurance is required for dividend distributions that exceed the greater of the net income from
operations, which excludes net investment gains, for the previous year determined under statutory accounting principles, or 10% of statutory capital
and surplus as of the previous year-end. Dividends declared by Aflac during 2021 in excess of $872 million would be considered extraordinary and
require such approval. Similar laws apply in New York, the domiciliary jurisdiction of Aflac New York.
Privacy and Cybersecurity Governance
The Company’s Board of Directors has adopted an information security policy directing management to establish and operate a global information
security program with the goals of monitoring existing and emerging threats and ensuring that the Company’s information assets and data, and the
data of its customers, are appropriately protected from loss or theft. The Board has delegated oversight of the Company’s information security
program to the Audit and Risk Committee. The Company’s senior officers, including its Global Security and Chief Information Security Officer, are
responsible for the operation of the global information security program and communicates quarterly with the Audit and Risk Committee on the
program, including with respect to the state of the program, compliance with applicable regulations, current and evolving threats, and
recommendations for changes in the information security program. The global information security program also includes a cybersecurity incident
response plan that is designed to provide a management framework across Company functions for a coordinated assessment and response to
potential security incidents. This framework establishes a protocol to report certain incidents to the Global Security and Chief Information Security
Officer and other senior officers, with the goal of timely assessing such incidents, determining applicable disclosure requirements and
communicating with the Audit and Risk Committee. The incident response plan directs the executive officers to report certain incidents immediately
and directly to the Lead Non-Management Director.
Other
For information regarding commitments and contingent liabilities, see Note 15 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements.
Additional Information
Investors should note that the Company announces material financial information in its SEC filings, press releases and public conference calls. In
accordance with SEC guidance, the Company may also use the Investor Relations section of the Company's website (http://investors.aflac.com) to
communicate with investors about the Company. It is possible that the financial and other information the Company posts there could be deemed to
be material information. The information on the Company's website is not part of this document. Further, the Company's references to website URLs
are intended to be inactive textual references only.
CRITICAL ACCOUNTING ESTIMATES
The Company prepares its financial statements in accordance with U.S. GAAP. These principles are established primarily by the FASB. In this
MD&A, references to U.S. GAAP issued by the FASB are derived from the FASB Accounting Standards Codification™ (ASC). The preparation of
financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires the Company to make estimates based on currently available information when recording
transactions resulting from business operations. The estimates that the Company deems to be most critical to an understanding of Aflac’s results of
operations
69
Item 7. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
and financial condition are those related to the valuation of investments and derivatives, DAC, liabilities for future policy benefits and unpaid policy
claims, and income taxes. The preparation and evaluation of these critical accounting estimates involve the use of various assumptions developed
from management’s analyses and judgments. The application of these critical accounting estimates determines the values at which 94% of the
Company's assets and 82% of its liabilities are reported as of December 31, 2020, and thus has a direct effect on net earnings and shareholders'
equity. Subsequent experience or use of other assumptions could produce significantly different results.
Valuation of Investments, Including Derivatives, and Recognition of Current Expected Credit Losses
Aflac's investments, primarily consisting of debt and equity securities, include both publicly issued and privately issued securities. For publicly issued
securities, the Company determines the fair values from quoted market prices readily available from public exchange markets and price quotes and
valuations from third party pricing vendors. For the majority of privately issued securities within the Company's investment portfolio, a third party
pricing vendor has developed valuation models that the Company utilizes to determine fair values. For the remaining privately issued securities, the
Company uses non-binding price quotes from outside brokers. In September 2020, the Company refined its valuation model for private placements
to explicitly incorporate currency basis swap adjustments (market observable data) to assumed interest rate curves where appropriate as noted in
Note 5 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements.
The Company estimates the fair values of its securities on a monthly basis. The Company monitors the estimated fair values obtained from its
pricing vendors and brokers for consistency from month to month, while considering current market conditions. The Company also periodically
discusses with its pricing brokers and vendors the pricing techniques they use to monitor the consistency of their approach and periodically assess
the appropriateness of the valuation level assigned to the values obtained from them. If a fair value appears unreasonable, the Company will re-
examine the inputs and assess the reasonableness of the pricing data with the vendor. Additionally, the Company may compare the inputs to
relevant market indices and other performance measurements. Based on management's analysis, the valuation is confirmed or may be revised if
there is evidence of a more appropriate estimate of fair value based on available market data. The Company has performed verification of the inputs
and calculations in any valuation models to confirm that the valuations represent reasonable estimates of fair value. Inputs used to value derivatives
include, but are not limited to, interest rates, credit spreads, foreign currency forward and spot rates, and interest volatility.
The Company estimates an expected lifetime credit loss on investments measured at amortized cost including held-to-maturity fixed maturity
securities, loan receivables and loan commitments on a quarterly basis. For the Company’s available-for-sale fixed maturity securities, the Company
evaluates estimated credit losses only when the fair value of the available-for-sale fixed maturity security is below its amortized cost basis
The Company’s approach to estimating credit losses is complex and incorporates significant judgments. In addition to a security, or an asset class,
or an issuer-specific credit fundamentals, it considers past events, current economic conditions and forecasts of future economic conditions. The
Company's estimates are revised as conditions change and new information becomes available.
See Notes 1, 3, 4 and 5 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information.
Deferred Policy Acquisition Costs and Policy Liabilities
Insurance premiums for most of the Company's health and life policies, including cancer, accident, hospital, critical illness, dental, vision, term life,
whole life, long-term care and disability, are recognized as revenue over the premium-paying periods of the contracts when due from policyholders.
When revenues are reported, the related amounts of benefits and expenses are charged against such revenues, so that profits are recognized in
proportion to premium revenues during the period the policies are expected to remain in force. This association is accomplished by means of annual
additions to the liability for future policy benefits and the deferral and subsequent amortization of policy acquisition costs.
Premiums from the Company's products with limited-pay features, including term life, whole life, WAYS, and child endowment, are collected over a
significantly shorter period than the period over which benefits are provided. Premiums for these products are recognized as revenue over the
premium-paying periods of the contracts when due from policyholders. Any gross premium in excess of the net premium is deferred and recorded in
earnings, such that profits are recognized in a constant relationship with insurance in force. Benefits are recorded as an expense when they are
incurred. A liability for future policy benefits is recorded when premiums are recognized using the net premium method.
70
Item 7. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
Deferred Policy Acquisition Costs
The calculation of DAC and the liability for future policy benefits requires the use of estimates based on sound actuarial valuation techniques. For
new policy issues, the Company reviews its actuarial assumptions and deferrable acquisition costs each year and revise them when necessary to
more closely reflect recent experience and studies of actual acquisition costs. For policies in force, the Company evaluates DAC by major product
groupings to determine that they are recoverable from future revenues, and any amounts determined not to be recoverable are charged against net
earnings. See Note 6 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements for a detail of the DAC activity for the past two years.
Policy Liabilities
The Company's policy liabilities, which are determined in accordance with applicable guidelines as defined under U.S. GAAP and Actuarial
Standards of Practice, include two components that involve analysis and judgment: future policy benefits and unpaid policy claims, which accounted
for 85% and 5% of total policy liabilities as of December 31, 2020, respectively.
Future policy benefits provide for claims that will occur in the future and are generally calculated as the present value of future expected benefits to
be incurred less the present value of future expected net benefit premiums. The Company calculates future policy benefits based on assumptions of
morbidity, mortality, persistency and interest. These assumptions are generally established at the time a policy is issued. The assumptions used in
the calculations are closely related to those used in developing the gross premiums for a policy. As required by U.S. GAAP, the Company also
includes a provision for adverse deviation, which is intended to accommodate adverse fluctuations in actual experience.
Unpaid policy claims include those claims that have been incurred and are in the process of payment as well as an estimate of those claims that
have been incurred but have not yet been reported to the Company. The Company computes unpaid policy claims on a non-discounted basis using
statistical analyses of historical claims payments, adjusted for current trends and changed conditions. The Company updates the assumptions
underlying the estimate of unpaid policy claims regularly and incorporates its historical experience as well as other data that provides information
regarding the Company's outstanding liability.
The Company's insurance products provide fixed-benefit amounts per occurrence that are not subject to medical-cost inflation. Furthermore, the
Company's business is widely dispersed in both the U.S. and Japan. This geographic dispersion and the nature of the Company's benefit structure
mitigate the risk of a significant unexpected increase in claims payments due to localized epidemics and events of a catastrophic nature. Claims
incurred under Aflac's policies are generally reported and paid in a relatively short time frame. The unpaid claims liability is sensitive to morbidity
assumptions, in particular, severity and frequency of claims. Severity is the ultimate size of a claim, and frequency is the number of claims incurred.
The Company's claims experience is primarily related to the demographics of its policyholders.
As a part of its established financial reporting and accounting practices and controls, the Company performs detailed annual actuarial reviews of its
policyholder liabilities (gross premium valuation analysis) and reflects the results of those reviews in its results of operations and financial condition
as required by U.S. GAAP. For Aflac Japan, the Company’s annual reviews in 2020 and 2019 indicated no need to strengthen liabilities associated
with policies in Japan. For Aflac U.S., the Company's annual reviews in 2020 and 2019 indicated no need to strengthen liabilities associated with
policies in the U.S.
71
Item 7. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
The table below reflects the growth of the future policy benefits liability for the years ended December 31.
Future Policy Benefits
(In millions of dollars and billions of yen)
Aflac U.S.
Growth rate
Aflac Japan
Growth rate
Consolidated
Growth rate
Yen/dollar exchange rate (end of period)
Aflac Japan
Growth rate
2020
2019
$
$
$
¥
9,674
2.9 %
88,652
8.8 %
97,783
8.2 %
103.50
9,176
2.8 %
$
$
$
¥
9,405
2.9 %
81,462
4.7 %
90,335
4.6 %
109.56
8,925
3.3 %
The growth of the future policy benefits liability in yen for Aflac Japan and in dollars for Aflac U.S. has been due to the aging of the Company's in-
force block of business and the addition of new business.
In computing the estimate of unpaid policy claims, the Company considers many factors, including the benefits and amounts available under the
policy; the volume and demographics of the policies exposed to claims; and internal business practices, such as incurred date assignment and
current claim administrative practices. The Company monitors these conditions closely and makes adjustments to the liability as actual experience
emerges. Claim levels are generally stable from period to period; however, fluctuations in claim levels may occur. In calculating the unpaid policy
claim liability, the Company does not calculate a range of estimates. The following table shows the expected sensitivity of the unpaid policy claims
liability as of December 31, 2020, to changes in severity and frequency of claims.
(In millions)
Total Frequency
Increase by 2%
Increase by 1%
Unchanged
Decrease by 1%
Decrease by 2%
Sensitivity of Unpaid Policy Claims Liability
Decrease
by 2%
Decrease
by 1%
$
(1)
(27)
(54)
(80)
(107)
$
26
0
(27)
(54)
(80)
Total Severity
Unchanged
54
$
27
0
(27)
(54)
Increase
by 1%
Increase
by 2%
$
81
54
27
0
(27)
$
109
81
54
26
(1)
Other policy liabilities, which accounted for 10% of total policy liabilities as of December 31, 2020, consisted primarily of annuity and unearned
premium reserves, and discounted advance premiums on deposit from policyholders in conjunction with their purchase of certain Aflac Japan
insurance products. These advanced premiums are deferred upon collection and recognized as premium revenue over the contractual premium
payment period. Advanced premiums represented 19% and 24% of the December 31, 2020 and 2019 other policy liabilities balances, respectively.
See the Aflac Japan segment subsection of this MD&A for further information.
Income Taxes
Income tax provisions are generally based on pretax earnings reported for financial statement purposes, which differ from those amounts used in
preparing the Company's income tax returns. Deferred income taxes are recognized for temporary differences between the financial reporting basis
and income tax basis of assets and liabilities, based on enacted tax laws and statutory tax rates applicable to the periods in which the Company
expects the temporary differences to reverse. The evaluation of a tax position in accordance with U.S. GAAP is a two-step process. Under the first
step, the enterprise determines whether it is more likely than not that a tax position will be sustained upon examination by taxing authorities. The
second step is measurement, whereby a tax position that meets the more-likely-than-not recognition threshold is measured to determine the amount
of benefit to recognize in the financial statements. A valuation allowance is established for deferred tax assets when it is more likely than not that an
amount will not be realized. The determination of a valuation allowance for deferred tax assets requires management to make certain judgments and
assumptions.
72
Item 7. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
In evaluating the ability to recover deferred tax assets, the Company's management considers all available evidence, including taxable income in
open carry back years, the existence of cumulative losses in the most recent years, forecasted earnings, future taxable income exclusive of
reversing temporary differences and carryforwards, future taxable temporary difference reversals, and prudent and feasible tax planning strategies.
In the event the Company determines it is not more likely than not that it will be able to realize all or part of its deferred tax assets in the future, a
valuation allowance would be charged to earnings in the period such determination is made. Likewise, if it is later determined that it is more likely
than not that those deferred tax assets would be realized, the previously provided valuation allowance would be reversed. Future economic
conditions and market volatility, including increases in interest rates or widening credit spreads, can adversely impact the Company’s tax planning
strategies and in particular the Company’s ability to utilize tax benefits on previously recognized capital losses. The Company's judgments and
assumptions are subject to change given the inherent uncertainty in predicting future performance and specific industry and investment market
conditions.
In September 2020, the U.S. Treasury and Internal Revenue Service issued Final and Proposed Regulations. Under the guidance of these
regulations, the Company recognized a one-time income tax benefit of $1.4 billion due to the release of previously established valuation allowances
related to deferred foreign tax credit benefits. The Company believes this will also reduce the effective tax rate in future periods, subject to any future
changes in the U.S. tax policy.
For additional information on income tax, see Note 10 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements presented in this report.
Future Adoption of Accounting Standard for Long-Duration Insurance Contracts
In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-12, “Financial Services - Insurance, Targeted Improvements to the Accounting for Long-Duration
Contracts” (The ASU). The update significantly changes how insurers account for long-duration contracts, amends existing recognition,
measurement, presentation, and disclosure requirements applicable to the Company. Issues addressed in the new guidance include: 1) a
requirement to review and, if there is a change, update cash flow assumptions for the liability for future policy benefits at least annually, and to
update the discount rate assumption quarterly, 2) accounting for market risk benefits at fair value, 3) simplified amortization for deferred acquisition
costs, and 4) enhanced financial statement presentation and disclosures.
Since the initial issuance, the FASB has deferred the ASU effective date for two years, such that the amendments are now effective for the
Company for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2022. Early application of the amendments is
permitted, however, the Company does not expect to early adopt the updated standard. The Company plans to use the additional time to educate
investors and analysts on the adoption impact, conduct robust testing and analysis, enhance the control environment, and perform parallel financial
reporting.
The Company expects that the ASU's adoption will have a significant impact on the Company’s reported financial position, results of operations, and
disclosures. The Company anticipates that the requirement to update assumptions for liability for future policy benefits will have a significant impact
on its results of operations, systems, processes and controls while the requirement to update the discount rate will have a significant impact on its
AOCI and equity. The Company currently has no products with market risk benefits.
There are two permitted transition methods upon adoption and the Company has selected the modified retrospective transition method. Under the
modified retrospective method, the opening reserve balance at the transition date (January 1, 2021, assuming January 1, 2023 adoption), would
generally be the same as the closing balance before transition; however, it would be updated for changes in the discount rate required under the
new guidance with the difference impacting AOCI.
The new guidance requires that discount rates used for the discounting of insurance liabilities be initially adjusted on the adoption date and
subsequently at each reporting period to the market levels for the upper-medium-grade (low credit risk) fixed income instrument yields (single-A in
the currency of the underlying insurance contract) reflecting the duration of the Company’s insurance liabilities. The update of the discount rate will
be recognized in AOCI.
The Company expects that the impact to its reported financial statements under U.S. GAAP will be greatly influenced by the nature of the
Company’s business model. Adoption of the new guidance will reflect the Company’s concentration in Japan third-sector business, in particular
cancer insurance, with respect to which the duration of liabilities is materially longer than asset durations, while Japan’s aggregate block of business
continues to see favorable experience from mortality, morbidity, and expenses. The long duration of the Company’s third-sector insurance liabilities
in Japan coupled with limited-to-no-liquidity of the Japanese long-dated fixed-income market creates challenges in application of the market-based
discount rate guidance and will require the Company to apply significant judgments in designing discount
73
Item 7. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
rate methodologies for its Japanese third-sector liabilities. Under the modified retrospective method, the impact of a low discount rate applied to
long-duration third sector liabilities is recognized at adoption, while associated favorable morbidity margins are recognized over time thus driving a
pronounced timing impact to U.S. GAAP equity. In addition, with respect to the Japan segment, the Company maintains a large portfolio of assets
designated as held-to-maturity (HTM) as a strategy to reduce capital (solvency margin ratio or SMR) volatility. In a low interest rate environment,
such as presently exists in Japan, assets designated as HTM that were purchased in a higher interest rate environment have significant embedded
gains not reflected in AOCI (HTM securities are carried at amortized cost under U.S. GAAP), which serves as an economic offset to a low discount
rate applied to policy liabilities. At December 31, 2020, the Company’s HTM portfolio was $24.5 billion at amortized cost and had $5.9 billion in net
unrealized gains. After adoption of ASU 2018-12, the Company also expects net earnings and net earnings per share (which were $4.8 billion and
$6.67 per diluted share, respectively, in 2020) to reflect larger quarterly fluctuations due to the new requirement to update assumptions for liability for
future policy benefits.
As an example of the potential impact of the new guidance, and for illustrative purposes only, under the modified retrospective method and in a low
interest rate environment, the Company would expect AOCI (which was $8.9 billion at December 31, 2020) to significantly decline upon adoption
and to thereafter reflect larger quarterly fluctuations due to the new requirement to adjust discount rates quarterly. Conversely, in a higher interest
rate environment, the Company would expect AOCI to decline less or even increase (depending on the specifics of the interest rate environment), as
well as to reflect quarterly fluctuations.
The ultimate impact on these items from the Company’s implementation of the updated standard is subject to assessments that are dependent on
many variables, including but not limited to (i) how certain aspects of the new standard will be interpreted and implemented by the Company and
other similar companies, such as (but not limited to) amortization of deferred acquisition costs and selection of discounting methodologies and
inputs, as well as establishment of policies, processes and controls for setting, monitoring and periodically updating reserve assumptions, and (ii)
changes in the interest rate environment in the US and Japan. The impact on transition under the modified retrospective method will be driven by
updating discount rates that will increase reserves and lower AOCI by the corresponding amount.
The Company has created a robust governance framework and a detailed implementation plan to support timely implementation of the ASU. As part
of the implementation, the Company has made significant progress on key accounting policy decisions (discount rate, cash flow assumptions,
deferred acquisition costs amortization, and disclosures), and is working toward modernization of its actuarial platform to increase automation of key
reporting and analytical processes and optimize a control framework around new technologies, data sourcing and maintenance solutions. The
Company has also begun to incorporate into its ASU implementation project other functional areas not directly associated with U.S. GAAP reporting
that nonetheless will be impacted by the accounting changes.
The Company expects that while the adoption of this new accounting guidance will affect the Company’s financial statements under U.S. GAAP, it
will not impact financial statements for Aflac Japan under FSA requirements or for Aflac U.S. under applicable statutory requirements. Therefore, the
Company does not expect adoption of the updated standard to impact its overall cash flows, subsidiaries’ dividend capacity or their ability to meet
applicable regulatory capital standards, nor does the Company anticipate adoption to affect its existing debt covenants or strategies for capital
deployment.
New Accounting Pronouncements
During the last three years, various accounting standard-setting bodies have been active in soliciting comments and issuing statements,
interpretations and exposure drafts. For information on new accounting pronouncements and the impact, if any, on the Company's financial position
or results of operations, see Note 1 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements.
ITEM 7A. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK
The Company is exposed primarily to the following types of market risks: currency risk, interest rate risk, credit risk and equity risk. Fluctuations in
these factors could impact the Company’s consolidated results of operations or financial condition. The Company regularly monitors its market risks
and uses a variety of strategies to manage its exposure
to these market risks.
74
Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk
Currency Risk
Aflac Japan
The functional currency of Aflac Japan's insurance operations is the Japanese yen. Aflac Japan’s premiums and a significant portion of its
investment income are received in yen, and its claims and most expenses are paid in yen. Aflac Japan purchases yen-denominated assets and U.S.
dollar-denominated assets, which may be hedged to yen, to support yen-denominated policy liabilities. These and other yen-denominated financial
statement items are, however, translated into U.S. dollars for financial reporting purposes. Most of Aflac Japan's cash and liabilities are yen-
denominated.
The Company engages in hedging activities to mitigate certain currency risks from holding U.S. dollar-denominated investments in Aflac Japan.
However, this hedging program in turn poses a countervailing long-term risk of loss on hedging currency derivatives under the long-term scenario of
weakening yen, and related derivative rollover risk that could amplify hedge cost in unfavorable market conditions and significantly increase liquidity
requirements to support negative derivative settlements. Additionally, as discussed in detail in the Risk Factors section titled “Lack of availability of
acceptable yen-denominated investments could adversely affect the Company’s results of operations, financial position or liquidity,” there is a risk
that losses realized on derivative settlements during periods of weakening yen may not be recouped through realization of the corresponding holding
currency gains on the hedged U.S. dollar-denominated investments if these investments are not ultimately sold and converted to yen.
The Company has taken steps to refine the strategy to mitigate currency exposure of Aflac Japan from U.S. dollar-denominated investments while
balancing the consideration of the economic equity surplus in Aflac Japan. This refinement in strategy resulted in an increased amount of the
unhedged U.S. dollar-denominated investments held in Aflac Japan while at the same time mitigating hedge cost increases. Generally, Aflac Japan’s
exposure to the currency risk increases when its portfolio of unhedged U.S. dollar-denominated investments increases. As the value of the U.S.
dollar-denominated investment portfolio in Aflac Japan fluctuates and the Company’s business model evolves, the Company periodically reevaluates
this size of the unhedged portfolio and may accordingly adjust up or down its currency hedging targets. See additional discussion in the Risk Factors
section titled "The Company is exposed to foreign currency fluctuations in the yen/dollar exchange rate."
The Parent Company
The Company is exposed to currency risk as an economic event when yen funds are actually converted into U.S. dollars. This occurs when yen-
denominated funds are paid as dividends and management fees from Aflac Japan to the Parent Company and with quarterly settlements of its
reinsurance retrocession transactions. The exchange rates prevailing at the time of yen payments will differ from the exchange rates prevailing at the
time the yen profits were earned. The Company may use a portion of the yen dividend and management fee payments to service Aflac
Incorporated's yen-denominated notes payable with the remainder converted into U.S. dollars.
In addition to yen payments and the reinsurance retrocessions, certain investment activities for Aflac Japan expose the Company to economic
currency risk when yen are converted into U.S. dollars. As noted above, the Company invests a portion of its yen cash flows in U.S. dollar-
denominated assets. This requires that the Company convert the yen cash flows to U.S. dollars before investing. As previously discussed, for certain
of its U.S. dollar-denominated securities, the Company enters into foreign currency forward and option contracts to hedge the currency risk on the
fair value of hedged investments. In 2018, the Parent Company entered into forward contracts to accomplish a dual objective of hedging foreign
currency rate risk to dividend payments by Aflac Japan, and reducing enterprise-wide hedge costs. The Company also balances the volume of
hedging instruments between forwards and options in an attempt to manage and balance the risks associated with collateral, hedge costs and cash
settlements. If the markets experience a significant strengthening of yen, this could cause cash strain at the Parent Company as a result of cash
collateral and potentially cash settlement requirements. Based on the timing and severity of exchange rate fluctuations combined with the level of
outstanding activity in this program, the cash strain at the Parent Company could be significant.
Aside from the activities discussed above, the Company generally does not convert yen into U.S. dollars; however, it does translate financial
statement amounts from yen into U.S. dollars for financial reporting purposes. Therefore, reported amounts are affected by foreign currency
fluctuations. The Company reports unrealized foreign currency translation gains and losses in AOCI. In periods when the yen weakens against the
dollar, translating yen into dollars causes fewer dollars to be reported. When the yen strengthens, translating yen into U.S. dollars causes more U.S.
dollars to be reported. The weakening of the yen relative to the U.S. dollar will generally adversely affect the value of the Company's yen-
denominated investments in U.S. dollar terms. The Company also considers the economic equity surplus in Aflac Japan and related exposure to
foreign currency. The Company manages this currency risk by investing a portion of Aflac Japan's
75
Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk
investment portfolio in U.S. dollar-denominated securities and by the Parent Company's issuance of yen-denominated debt. As a result, the effect of
currency fluctuations on the Company's net assets is reduced.
The following table demonstrates the effect of foreign currency fluctuations by presenting the dollar values of the Company's yen-denominated
assets and liabilities, and its consolidated yen-denominated net asset exposure at selected exchange rates as of December 31.
Dollar Value of Yen-Denominated Assets and Liabilities
at Selected Exchange Rates
(In millions)
Yen/dollar exchange rates
Yen-denominated financial instruments:
88.50
2020
103.50
(1)
118.50
94.56
2019
109.56
(1)
124.56
(2)
Assets:
Securities available for sale:
(3)
Fixed maturity securities
Fixed maturity securities - consolidated
variable interest entities
Securities held to maturity:
Fixed maturity securities
(2)
(4)
Equity securities
Cash and cash equivalents
Derivatives
Other financial instruments
Subtotal
Liabilities:
Notes payable
Derivatives
Subtotal
Net yen-denominated financial instruments
Other yen-denominated assets
Other yen-denominated liabilities
Consolidated yen-denominated net assets
(liabilities) subject to foreign currency
fluctuation
(2)
$
74,094 $
63,356 $
55,336 $
60,391 $
52,123 $
45,846
1,071
915
800
995
858
755
28,610
795
1,273
3,854
290
109,987
3,796
3,181
6,977
103,010
10,675
126,159
24,464
680
1,088
583
248
91,334
3,242
697
3,939
87,395
9,128
107,875
21,367
594
950
2,514
216
81,777
2,835
2,971
5,806
75,971
7,972
94,220
34,858
763
1,296
2,718
271
101,292
2,968
1,807
4,775
96,517
10,304
118,869
30,085
658
1,119
482
234
85,559
2,558
586
3,144
82,415
8,893
102,595
26,462
579
984
2,457
205
77,288
2,253
3,463
5,716
71,572
7,822
90,240
$ (12,474) $
(11,352) $ (10,277) $
(12,048) $
(11,287) $
(10,846)
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
Actual period-end exchange rate
Net of allowance for credit losses
Does not include the U.S. dollar-denominated corporate bonds for which the Company has entered into foreign currency derivatives as discussed in the Aflac
Japan Investment subsection of MD&A
Does not include U.S. dollar-denominated bonds that have corresponding cross-currency swaps in consolidated VIEs
The Company is required to consolidate certain VIEs. Some of the consolidated VIEs in Aflac Japan's portfolio use foreign currency swaps to
convert foreign denominated cash flows to yen, the functional currency of Aflac Japan, in order to minimize cash flow fluctuations. Foreign currency
swaps exchange an initial principal amount in two currencies, agreeing to re-exchange the currencies at a future date, at an agreed upon exchange
rate. There may also be periodic exchanges of payments at specified intervals based on the agreed upon rates and notional amounts. Prior to
consolidation, the Company's beneficial interest in these VIEs was a yen-denominated available-for-sale fixed maturity security. Upon consolidation,
the original yen-denominated investment was derecognized and the underlying fixed maturity securities and cross-currency swaps were recognized.
The combination of a U.S. dollar-denominated investment and cross-currency swap economically creates a yen-denominated investment and has no
impact on the Company's net investment hedge position.
Similarly, the combination of the U.S. corporate bonds and the foreign currency forwards and options that the Company has entered into, as
discussed in the Aflac Japan Investment subsection of MD&A, economically creates a yen-
76
Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk
denominated investment that qualifies for inclusion as a component of the Company's investment in Aflac Japan for net investment hedge purposes.
For additional information regarding the Company's Aflac Japan net investment hedge, see the Hedging Activities subsection of MD&A.
Interest Rate Risk
The Company's primary interest rate exposure is to the impact of changes in interest rates on the fair value of its investments in debt securities. The
Company monitors its investment portfolio on a quarterly basis utilizing a full valuation methodology, measuring price volatility, and sensitivity of the
fair values of its investments to interest rate changes on the debt securities the Company owns. For example, if the current duration of a debt
security is 10 years, then the fair value of that security will increase by approximately 10% if market interest rates decrease by 100 basis points,
assuming all other factors remain constant. Likewise, the fair value of the debt security will decrease by approximately 10% if market interest rates
increase by 100 basis points, assuming all other factors remain constant.
The estimated effect of potential increases in interest rates on the fair values of debt securities the Company owns; derivatives, excluding credit
default swaps, and notes payable as of December 31 follows:
Sensitivity of Fair Values of Financial Instruments
to Interest Rate Changes
2020
2019
Fair
Value
+100
Basis
Points
Fair
Value
+100
Basis
Points
$
$
$
$
$
94,670
41,611
136,281
10,655
583
8,684
697
$
$
$
$
$
82,339
37,925
120,264
10,546
746
8,030
650
$
$
$
$
$
90,575
38,281
128,856
9,648
482
6,935
586
$
$
$
$
$
78,193
35,013
113,206
9,540
527
6,065
463
(In millions)
Assets:
Debt securities:
Fixed maturity securities:
Yen-denominated
Dollar-denominated
Total debt securities
Commercial mortgage and other loans
Derivatives
Liabilities:
Notes payable
Derivatives
(1)
(1)
Excludes lease obligations
There are various factors that affect the fair value of the Company's investment in debt securities. Included in those factors are changes in the
prevailing interest rate environment, which directly affect the balance of unrealized gains or losses for a given period in relation to a prior period.
Decreases in market yields generally improve the fair value of debt securities, while increases in market yields generally have a negative impact on
the fair value of the Company's debt securities. However, the Company does not expect to realize a majority of any unrealized gains or losses. For
additional information on unrealized losses on debt securities, see Note 3 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements.
The Company attempts to match the duration of its assets with the duration of its liabilities. The following table presents the approximate duration of
Aflac Japan's yen-denominated assets and liabilities, along with premiums, as of December 31.
(In years)
Yen-denominated debt securities
Policy benefits and related expenses to be paid in future years
Premiums to be received in future years on policies in force
2020
15
14
10
2019
15
14
10
77
Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk
The following table presents the approximate duration of Aflac U.S. dollar-denominated assets and liabilities, along with premiums, as of
December 31.
(In years)
Dollar-denominated debt securities
Policy benefits and related expenses to be paid in future years
Premiums to be received in future years on policies in force
2020
9
8
7
2019
9
8
6
The following table shows a comparison of average required interest rates for future policy benefits and investment yields, based on amortized cost,
for the years ended December 31.
Comparison of Interest Rates for Future Policy Benefits
and Investment Yields
(Net of Investment Expenses)
Policies issued during year:
Required interest on policy reserves
New money yield on investments
Policies in force at year-end:
Required interest on policy reserves
Portfolio book yield, end of period
2020
2019
U.S.
Japan
U.S.
Japan
3.00 %
2.83
5.19
4.97
.98 %
(1)
3.59
3.12
2.43
(1)
3.68 %
4.33
5.26
5.22
.96 %
(1)
3.70
3.20
2.51
(1)
(1)
Represents investments for Aflac Japan that support policy obligations and therefore excludes Aflac Japan’s annuity products
Aflac Japan investment yields above includes U.S. dollar–denominated investment yields prior to factoring in amortized hedge costs. The Company
continues to monitor the spread between its new money yield and the required interest assumption for newly issued products in both the U.S. and
Japan and will re-evaluate those assumptions as necessary. Currently, when investments the Company owns mature, the proceeds may be
reinvested at a yield below that of the interest required for the accretion of policy benefit liabilities on policies issued in earlier years. Overall,
adequate profit margins exist in Aflac Japan's aggregate block of business because of changes in the mix of business and favorable experience
from mortality, morbidity and expenses.
The Company holds investments and has issued debt with interest rates based on LIBOR, and also holds derivatives that reference LIBOR.
Regulatory and industry initiatives to eliminate LIBOR as an interest rate benchmark may create uncertainty in the valuation of LIBOR-based loans,
as well as for other LIBOR-based derivatives and assets. This may adversely impact both pricing and liquidity in such instruments. The Company is
preparing for the expected discontinuation of LIBOR by identifying, assessing and monitoring risks associated with LIBOR transition. Preparation
includes taking steps to update operational processes (including to support alternative reference rates) and models, as well as evaluating legacy
contracts for any changes that may be required, including the determination of applicable fallbacks.
Periodically, the Company may enter into derivative transactions to hedge interest rate risk, depending on general economic conditions. For
additional information on interest rate derivatives, see the Hedging Activities subsection of MD&A and Note 4 of the accompanying Notes to the
Consolidated Financial Statements.
Credit Risk
A significant portion of the Company's investment portfolio consists of debt securities and loans that expose it to the credit risk of the underlying
issuer or borrower. The Company carefully evaluates this risk on every new investment and closely monitors the credit risk of its existing investment
portfolio. The Company incorporates the needs of its products and liabilities, the overall requirements of the business, and other factors in addition to
its underwriting of the credit risk for each investment in the portfolio.
Evaluating the underlying risks in the Company's credit portfolio involves a multitude of factors including but not limited to its assessment of the
issuer's or borrower's business activities, assets, products, market position, financial condition, and future prospects. The Company incorporates the
assessment of the NRSROs in assigning credit ratings and incorporates
78
Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk
the rating methodologies of its external managers in assigning loan ratings to portfolio holdings. The Company performs extensive internal
assessments of the credit risks for all its portfolio holdings and potential new investments, which includes using analyses provided by the Company's
specialist external managers. For assets managed by external asset managers, the Company provides investment and credit risk parameters that
must be used when making investment decisions and requires ongoing monitoring and reporting from the asset managers on significant changes in
credit risks within the portfolio.
Investment Concentrations
The Company's 15 largest fixed-maturity security global investment exposures were as follows:
Largest Global Fixed Maturity Security Investment Positions
(In millions)
December 31, 2020
No.
Consolidated Corporate/Sovereign Exposure
Total
Consolidated
Book Value
% of Total
Fixed Maturity
Securities
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
Japan National Government
Bank of America NA
(1)
Bank of America Corp
Bank of America Corp
Bank of Tokyo-Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd.
Bank of Tokyo-Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd.
Bank of Tokyo-Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd.
Investcorp SA
E.On International Finance BV
Banobras
Walt Disney Co.
Nordea Bank AB
Japan Expressway Holding and Debt
Deutsche Telekom AG
AXA
CFE
AT&T Inc.
Raytheon Technologies Corporation
Czech (Republic of)
Subtotal
Total fixed maturity securities
(1)
JGBs or JGB-backed securities
$
$
$
55,153
440
247
193
435
290
145
407
407
357
342
327
312
310
310
308
293
292
290
59,983
116,104
47.50 %
.38
.21
.17
.37
.25
.12
.35
.35
.31
.29
.28
.27
.27
.27
.27
.25
.25
.25
51.66 %
100.00 %
Credit
Rating
A+
A
BBB+
A
A-
BB
BBB
BBB
A-
A-
A+
BBB+
BBB+
BBB
BBB
BBB+
AA-
As previously disclosed, the Company owns long-dated debt instruments in support of its long-dated policyholder obligations. Some of the
Company's largest global investment holdings are positions that were purchased many years ago and increased in size due to merger and
consolidation activity among the issuing entities. In addition, many of the Company's largest holdings are yen-denominated, therefore strengthening
of the yen can increase its position in dollars, and weakening of the yen can decrease its position in dollars. The Company's global investment
guidelines establish concentration limits for its investment portfolios.
Geographical Exposure
The following table indicates the geographic exposure of the Company's debt securities as of December 31.
79
Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk
(1)
(In millions)
Japan
United States and Canada
United Kingdom
Germany
France
Peripheral Eurozone
Portugal
Italy
Ireland
Spain
Nordic Region
Sweden
Norway
Denmark
Finland
Other Europe
Netherlands
Switzerland
Czech Republic
Austria
Belgium
Poland
Luxembourg
Asia excluding Japan
Africa and Middle East
Latin America
Australia
All Others
Total fixed maturity securities
2020
Amortized
Cost
% of
Total
2019
Amortized
Cost
% of
Total
$
$
60,010
32,350
3,666
2,568
2,266
2,026
97
1,211
109
609
1,960
1,003
403
352
202
2,907
1,361
499
512
135
198
193
9
2,561
1,461
2,296
1,764
269
116,104
51.6 %
27.9
3.2
2.2
2.0
1.7
.1
1.0
.1
.5
1.7
.9
.3
.3
.2
2.5
1.2
.4
.4
.1
.2
.2
.0
2.2
1.3
2.0
1.5
.2
100.0 %
$
$
56,020
30,321
3,371
2,441
2,261
1,788
91
1,108
12
577
1,878
972
383
333
190
2,699
1,276
417
484
127
189
183
23
2,671
1,801
2,183
1,774
248
109,456
51.2 %
27.7
3.1
2.2
2.1
1.6
.1
1.0
.0
.5
1.7
.9
.3
.3
.2
2.5
1.2
.4
.4
.1
.2
.2
.0
2.5
1.6
2.0
1.6
.2
100.0 %
(1)
Includes total exposure to Puerto Rico of $1 million of deposits at December 31, 2019, of which 100% had principal and interest insurance.
The primary factor considered when determining the domicile of investment exposure is the legal country risk location of the issuer. However, other
factors such as the location of the parent guarantor, the location of the company's headquarters or major business operations (including location of
major assets), location of primary market (including location of revenue generation) and specific country risk publicly recognized by rating agencies
can influence the assignment of the country (or geographic) risk location. When the issuer is a special financing vehicle or a branch or subsidiary of
a global company, then the Company considers any guarantees and/or legal, regulatory and corporate relationships of the issuer relative to its
ultimate parent in determining the proper assignment of country risk.
80
Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk
Derivative Counterparties
The Company is a direct counterparty to the majority of derivative instruments and is exposed to credit risk in the event of nonperformance by the
counterparties in those contracts. For the foreign currency swaps associated with the Company's VIE investments for which it is the primary
beneficiary, the Company bears the risk of foreign exchange and/or credit loss due to counterparty default even though it is not a direct counterparty
to those contracts. The risk of counterparty default for the Company's VIE and senior note and subordinated debenture swaps, foreign currency
swaps, certain foreign currency forwards, foreign currency options and interest rate swaptions is mitigated by collateral posting requirements that
counterparties to those transactions must meet. If collateral posting agreements are not in place, the counterparty risk associated with foreign
currency forwards and foreign currency options is the risk that at expiry of the contract, the counterparty is unable to deliver the agreed upon amount
of yen at the agreed upon price or delivery date, thus exposing the Company to additional unhedged exposure to U.S. dollars in the Aflac Japan
investment portfolio. See Note 4 of the accompanying Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements for more information.
Equity Risk
Market prices for equity securities are subject to fluctuation and consequently the amount realized in the subsequent sale of an investment may
significantly differ from the reported market value. Fluctuation in the market price of a security may result from the relative price of alternative
investments and general market conditions. The Company’s largest equity exposure as of December 31, 2020 is the investment in Trupanion, Inc.,
which has a cost basis of $200 million and a fair value of $435 million. Excluding Trupanion, the Company's three largest equity exposures had a fair
value of $289 million or 22% of its total investment in equity securities as of December 31, 2020. If equity prices experienced a hypothetical broad-
based decline of 10%, the fair value of the Company's equity investments would decline by approximately $128 million.
81
Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data
ITEM 8. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
Consolidated Financial Statements
Consolidated Statements of Earnings
Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss)
Consolidated Balance Sheets
Consolidated Statements of Shareholders' Equity
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements
Note 1. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
Note 2. Business Segment and Foreign Information
Note 3. Investments
Note 4. Derivative Instruments
Note 5. Fair Value Measurements
Note 6. Deferred Policy Acquisition Costs and Insurance Expenses
Note 7. Policy Liabilities
Note 8. Reinsurance
Note 9. Notes Payable and Lease Obligations
Note 10. Income Taxes
Note 11. Shareholders' Equity
Note 12. Share-Based Compensation
Note 13. Statutory Accounting and Dividend Restrictions
Note 14. Benefit Plans
Note 15. Commitments and Contingent Liabilities
Note 16. Unaudited Consolidated Quarterly Financial Data
83
87
87
88
89
90
92
93
93
109
112
127
137
151
152
154
155
160
162
166
170
172
176
177
Management's Annual Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
Management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting, as such term is defined in Rule 13a-
15(f) under the Exchange Act. Under the supervision and with the participation of the Company's management, including its principal executive
officer and principal financial officer, the Company conducted an evaluation of the effectiveness of its internal control over financial reporting based
on the framework in Internal Control – Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission
(COSO) in 2013. Based on the Company's evaluation under this framework, management has concluded that the Company's internal control over
financial reporting was effective as of December 31, 2020.
KPMG LLP, an independent registered public accounting firm, has issued an attestation report on the effectiveness of internal control over financial
reporting as of December 31, 2020, which is included herein.
82
Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
To the Shareholders and Board of Directors
Aflac Incorporated:
Opinion on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
We have audited Aflac Incorporated and subsidiaries’ (the Company) internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2020, based on
criteria established in Internal Control – Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission
(COSO) in 2013. In our opinion, the Company maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of
December 31, 2020, based on criteria established in Internal Control – Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations
of the Treadway Commission (COSO) in 2013.
We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB), the
consolidated balance sheets of the Company as of December 31, 2020 and 2019, the related consolidated statements of earnings, comprehensive
income (loss), shareholders’ equity, and cash flows for each of the years in the three-year period ended December 31, 2020, and the related notes
and financial statement schedules II, III, and IV (collectively, the consolidated financial statements), and our report dated February 23, 2021
expressed an unqualified opinion on those consolidated financial statements.
Basis for Opinion
The Company’s management is responsible for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting and for its assessment of the
effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting, included in the accompanying Management's Annual Report on Internal Control Over
Financial Reporting. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s internal control over financial reporting based on our audit. We are
a public accounting firm registered with the PCAOB and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S.
federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.
We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain
reasonable assurance about whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects. Our audit of internal
control over financial reporting included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material
weakness exists, and testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk. Our audit also
included performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis
for our opinion.
Definition and Limitations of Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
A company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial
reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A
company’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (1) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in
reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (2) provide reasonable assurance that
transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles,
and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the
company; and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the
company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.
Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any
evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that
the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.
/s/ KPMG LLP
Atlanta, Georgia
February 23, 2021
83
Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
To the Shareholders and Board of Directors
Aflac Incorporated:
Opinion on the Consolidated Financial Statements
We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Aflac Incorporated and subsidiaries (the Company) as of December 31, 2020
and 2019, the related consolidated statements of earnings, comprehensive income (loss), shareholders’ equity, and cash flows for each of the years
in the three‑year period ended December 31, 2020, and the related notes and financial statement schedules II, III, and IV (collectively, the
consolidated financial statements). In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position
of the Company as of December 31, 2020 and 2019, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the years in the three‑year
period ended December 31, 2020, in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles.
We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB), the
Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2020, based on criteria established in Internal Control – Integrated
Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO) in 2013, and our report dated February 23,
2021 expressed an unqualified opinion on the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting.
Basis for Opinion
These consolidated financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these
consolidated financial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the PCAOB and are required to be
independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the
Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.
We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain
reasonable assurance about whether the consolidated financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. Our
audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the consolidated financial statements, whether due to error or
fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts
and disclosures in the consolidated financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant
estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the consolidated financial statements. We believe that our audits
provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.
84
Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data
Critical Audit Matters
The critical audit matters communicated below are matters arising from the current period audit of the consolidated financial statements that were
communicated or required to be communicated to the audit committee and that: (1) relate to accounts or disclosures that are material to the
consolidated financial statements and (2) involved our especially challenging, subjective, or complex judgments. The communication of critical audit
matters does not alter in any way our opinion on the consolidated financial statements, taken as a whole, and we are not, by communicating the
critical audit matters below, providing separate opinions on the critical audit matters or on the accounts or disclosures to which they relate.
Assessment of the measurement of fair value of certain investments and derivatives
As discussed in Note 5 to the consolidated financial statements, the Company has certain privately issued securities and derivative instruments
associated with variable interest entities (VIEs) that require significant judgment in the estimation of fair value. The fair value of privately issued
securities are estimated using valuation models developed by a third party pricing vendor and require judgment to determine the inputs and
assumptions used in the valuation models, such as credit default swap (CDS) spreads and the selection of comparable securities, when
appropriate. The fair value of the Company’s derivatives associated with VIEs are also estimated using valuation models developed by a third
party pricing vendor. Given the long duration of derivatives associated with VIEs, the estimate of the fair value requires judgment to extrapolate
short-term observable data into long-term inputs for use in the valuation models. As of December 31, 2020, the value of privately issued
securities are included within the financial statement captions of fixed maturity securities available for sale, at fair value; fixed maturity securities
available for sale – consolidated variable interest entities, at fair value; and, fixed maturity securities held to maturity, at amortized cost, which
totaled $101,286 million, $4,596 million, and $24,464 million, respectively. As of December 31, 2020, the fair value of derivatives associated with
VIEs are included within the financial statement captions of other assets and other liabilities, which totaled $2,715 million and $3,612 million,
respectively.
We identified the assessment of the measurement of fair value of certain privately issued securities and derivative instruments associated with
VIEs as a critical audit matter. Due to the complexity of the valuation models, specialized valuation skills and knowledge and subjective auditor
judgment were needed to evaluate the valuation models and the inputs and assumptions used in the models to estimate fair value.
The following are the primary procedures we performed to address this critical audit matter. We evaluated the design and tested the operating
effectiveness of certain internal controls, with the involvement of valuation professionals when appropriate, over the Company’s process to
estimate the fair value of such securities and derivative instruments. This included controls over the Company’s evaluation of the inputs,
assumptions and estimates of fair value obtained from its third party pricing vendor. We involved valuation professionals with specialized skills
and knowledge to assist in assessing the estimated fair values of such securities and derivative instruments, which included:
– Evaluating the inputs and assumptions used in the models to estimate the fair value of the privately issued securities, including an
assessment of the determination of comparable securities and/or CDS spreads used by the third party pricing vendor for a selection of
privately issued securities.
– Assessing the internal models used by the Company to evaluate the fair values for privately issued securities and derivatives associated
with VIEs obtained from the third party pricing vendor. We observed that differences, if any, in fair value between the Company and the
third party pricing vendor above pre-established tolerances were investigated by the Company.
– Developing an independent estimate of the fair value for a selection of privately issued securities and derivative instruments associated
with VIEs and comparing our independent estimate to the fair value measurement recorded by the Company.
85
Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data
Assessment of the estimate of unpaid policy claims
As discussed in Note 1 to the consolidated financial statements, unpaid policy claims are estimates computed primarily on an undiscounted
basis using statistical analyses of historical claims experience adjusted for current trends and changed conditions. The estimates are evaluated
by the Company and, as new claim experience emerges, the estimates are adjusted as necessary. As of December 31, 2020, the Company
recorded a liability for unpaid policy claims of $5,187 million.
We identified the assessment of the estimate of unpaid policy claims as a critical audit matter. Specialized actuarial skills and knowledge and
subjective auditor judgment were needed to evaluate the actuarial methodologies and assumptions used to estimate the unpaid policy claims
liability and determine that the Company’s methodologies are consistent with generally accepted actuarial methodologies.
The following are the primary procedures we performed to address this critical audit matter. We evaluated the design and tested the operating
effectiveness, with the involvement of actuarial professionals when appropriate, certain internal controls over the Company’s process to estimate
the unpaid policy claims liability. This included controls related to the evaluation of the actuarial methodologies and assumptions used in the
calculation of the unpaid policy claims liability. We involved actuarial professionals with specialized skills and knowledge to assist in assessing
the unpaid policy claims liability, which included:
– Assessing the actuarial methodologies and assumptions utilized by the Company by comparing them to generally accepted actuarial
methodologies and historical results.
– Evaluating the Company’s estimate of the unpaid policy claims liability by comparing to historical results and our expectations of
changes in the estimate.
– Developing an independent range for the estimate of unpaid policy claims for certain products to evaluate the Company’s recorded
liability and assessing any movement of the recorded liability within our range.
– Evaluating the Company’s historical ability to estimate unpaid policy claims by comparing the unpaid policy claims liability for certain
products recorded by the Company at various historical periods to an independent range developed using claims paid through
December 31, 2020.
/s/ KPMG LLP
We have served as the Company’s auditor since 1963.
Atlanta, Georgia
February 23, 2021
86
Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data
Aflac Incorporated and Subsidiaries
Consolidated Statements of Earnings
Years Ended December 31,
(In millions, except for share and per-share amounts)
Revenues:
Net premiums, principally supplemental health insurance
Net investment income
Net investment gains (losses)
Other income (loss)
Total revenues
Benefits and expenses:
Benefits and claims, net
Acquisition and operating expenses:
Amortization of deferred policy acquisition costs
Insurance commissions
Insurance and other expenses
Interest expense
(1)
Total acquisition and operating expenses
Total benefits and expenses
Earnings before income taxes
Income tax expense:
Current
Deferred
Income taxes
Net earnings
Net earnings per share:
Basic
Diluted
Weighted-average outstanding common shares used in
computing earnings per share (In thousands):
Basic
Diluted
(1)
Includes expense of $15 in 2020 for the early extinguishment of debt
See the accompanying Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements.
87
2020
2019
2018
$
$
$
18,622
3,638
(270)
157
22,147
11,796
1,214
1,316
3,420
242
6,192
17,988
4,159
794
(1,413)
(619)
4,778
6.69
6.67
$
$
$
18,780
3,578
(135)
84
22,307
11,942
1,282
1,321
3,089
228
5,920
17,862
4,445
806
335
1,141
3,304
4.45
4.43
$
$
$
18,677
3,442
(430)
69
21,758
12,000
1,245
1,320
2,988
222
5,775
17,775
3,983
1,379
(316)
1,063
2,920
3.79
3.77
713,702
716,192
742,414
746,430
769,588
774,650
Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data
Aflac Incorporated and Subsidiaries
Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss)
Years Ended December 31,
(In millions)
Net earnings
Other comprehensive income (loss) before income taxes:
Unrealized foreign currency translation gains (losses) during
period
Unrealized gains (losses) on fixed maturity securities:
Unrealized holding gains (losses) on fixed maturity securities
during period
Reclassification adjustment for (gains) losses on
fixed maturity securities included in net earnings
Unrealized gains (losses) on derivatives during period
Pension liability adjustment during period
Total other comprehensive income (loss) before income taxes
Income tax expense (benefit) related to items of other comprehensive
income (loss)
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of income taxes
Total comprehensive income (loss)
See the accompanying Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements.
88
2020
2019
2018
$
4,778
$
3,304
$
2,920
510
252
232
1,061
159
(1)
(7)
1,722
251
1,471
6,249
$
5,870
(18)
(12)
(85)
6,007
1,543
4,464
7,768
$
(3,155)
46
2
(25)
(2,900)
(797)
(2,103)
817
$
Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data
Aflac Incorporated and Subsidiaries
Consolidated Balance Sheets
December 31,
(In millions, except for share and per-share amounts)
Assets:
Investments and cash:
Fixed maturity securities available for sale, at fair value, (allowance for credit losses of $38 in
2020, amortized cost $88,143 in 2020 and $76,063 in 2019)
Fixed maturity securities available for sale - consolidated variable interest entities, at fair value
(amortized cost $3,487 in 2020 and $3,308 in 2019)
Fixed maturity securities held to maturity, at amortized cost, net of allowance
for credit losses of $10 in 2020 (fair value $30,399 in 2020 and $37,594 in 2019)
Equity securities, at fair value
Commercial mortgage and other loans, net of allowance for credit losses of $180 in 2020
(includes $8,964 in 2020 and $7,956 in 2019 of consolidated variable interest entities)
Other investments
(includes $826 in 2020 and $494 in 2019 of consolidated variable interest entities)
Cash and cash equivalents
Total investments and cash
Receivables
Accrued investment income
Deferred policy acquisition costs
Property and equipment, at cost less accumulated depreciation
Other
Total assets
Liabilities and shareholders’ equity:
Liabilities:
Policy liabilities:
Future policy benefits
Unpaid policy claims
Unearned premiums
Other policyholders’ funds
Total policy liabilities
Income taxes
Payables for return of cash collateral on loaned securities
Notes payable and lease obligations
Other
Total liabilities
Commitments and contingent liabilities (Note 15)
Shareholders’ equity:
Common stock of $.10 par value. In thousands: authorized 1,900,000
shares in 2020 and 2019; issued 1,351,018 shares in 2020 and 1,349,309 shares in 2019
Additional paid-in capital
Retained earnings
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss):
Unrealized foreign currency translation gains (losses)
Unrealized gains (losses) on fixed maturity securities
Unrealized gains (losses) on derivatives
Pension liability adjustment
Treasury stock, at average cost
Total shareholders’ equity
Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity
See the accompanying Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements.
89
2020
2019
$
101,286
$
86,950
4,596
24,464
1,283
10,554
2,429
5,141
149,753
796
780
10,441
601
2,715
165,086
97,783
5,187
3,597
7,824
114,391
4,661
964
7,899
3,612
131,527
135
2,410
37,984
(1,109)
10,361
(34)
(284)
(15,904)
33,559
165,086
$
$
$
$
$
$
4,312
30,085
802
9,569
1,477
4,896
138,091
828
772
10,128
581
2,368
152,768
90,335
4,659
4,243
7,317
106,554
5,370
1,876
6,569
3,440
123,809
135
2,313
34,291
(1,623)
8,548
(33)
(277)
(14,395)
28,959
152,768
Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data
Aflac Incorporated and Subsidiaries
Consolidated Statements of Shareholders’ Equity
Common
Stock
Additional Paid-
in Capital
Retained
Earnings
Accumulated Other
Comprehensive Income
(Loss)
Treasury Stock
Total
Shareholders'
Equity
$
135 $
2,052 $
29,895 $
4,028 $
(11,512) $
24,598
(In millions, except for per share amounts)
Balance at December 31, 2017
Cumulative effect of change in accounting
principle - Accounting Standards
Update (ASU) 2016-01, net of income tax
Cumulative effect of change in accounting
principle - ASU 2018-02, net of income tax
Balance at January 1, 2018
(1)
(1)
Net earnings
Unrealized foreign currency translation
gains (losses) during period, net of
income tax
Unrealized gains (losses) on fixed maturity
securities during period, net of income
taxes and reclassification adjustments
Unrealized gains (losses) on derivatives
during period, net of income taxes
Pension liability adjustment during period,
net of income taxes
Dividends to shareholders
($1.04 per share)
Exercise of stock options
Share-based compensation
Purchases of treasury stock
Treasury stock reissued
Balance at December 31, 2018
Net earnings
Unrealized foreign currency translation
gains (losses) during period, net of
income tax
Unrealized gains (losses) on fixed maturity
securities during period, net of income
taxes and reclassification adjustments
Unrealized gains (losses) on derivatives
during period, net of income taxes
Pension liability adjustment during period,
net of income taxes
Dividends to shareholders
($1.08 per share)
Exercise of stock options
Share-based compensation
Purchases of treasury stock
Treasury stock reissued
Balance at December 31, 2019
0
0
135
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
135
0
0
0
0
0
0
148
0
2,052
0
0
0
0
0
0
34
54
0
37
2,177
0
0
0
0
0
(374)
29,669
2,920
0
0
0
0
(801)
0
0
0
0
31,788
3,304
0
0
0
0
(148)
374
4,254
0
228
(2,316)
2
(17)
0
0
0
0
0
2,151
0
224
4,314
(9)
(65)
0
0
(11,512)
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
(1,317)
40
(12,789)
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
135 $
0
29
54
0
53
2,313 $
(801)
0
0
0
0
34,291 $
$
0
0
0
0
0
6,615 $
0
0
0
(1,656)
50
(14,395) $
(1)
See Note 1 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements for the adoption of accounting guidance on January 1, 2018.
See the accompanying Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements.
90
0
0
24,598
2,920
228
(2,316)
2
(17)
(801)
34
54
(1,317)
77
23,462
3,304
224
4,314
(9)
(65)
(801)
29
54
(1,656)
103
28,959
(continued)
Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data
Aflac Incorporated and Subsidiaries
Consolidated Statements of Shareholders’ Equity (continued)
(In millions, except for per share amounts)
Balance at December 31, 2019
Cumulative effect of change in accounting
principle - ASU 2016-13, net of income tax
Cumulative effect of change in accounting
principle - ASU 2019-04, net of income taxes
Balance at January 1, 2020
(1)
(1)
Net earnings
Unrealized foreign currency translation
gains (losses) during period, net of
income tax
Unrealized gains (losses) on fixed maturity
securities during period, net of income
taxes and reclassification adjustments
Unrealized gains (losses) on derivatives
during period, net of income taxes
Pension liability adjustment during period,
net of income taxes
Dividends to shareholders
($1.45 per share)
Exercise of stock options
Share-based compensation
Purchases of treasury stock
Treasury stock reissued
Balance at December 31, 2020
Common
Stock
Additional Paid-
in Capital
Retained
Earnings
Accumulated Other
Comprehensive Income
(Loss)
Treasury Stock
Total
Shareholders'
Equity
$
135 $
2,313 $
34,291 $
6,615 $
(14,395) $
28,959
0
0
135
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
135 $
0
(56)
0
2,313
0
0
0
0
0
0
34,235
4,778
0
0
0
0
0
12
53
0
32
2,410 $
(1,029)
0
0
0
0
37,984 $
$
0
848
7,463
0
514
965
(1)
(7)
0
0
(14,395)
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
8,934 $
0
0
0
(1,565)
56
(15,904) $
(56)
848
29,751
4,778
514
965
(1)
(7)
(1,029)
12
53
(1,565)
88
33,559
(1)
See Note 1 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements for the adoption of accounting guidance on January 1, 2020.
See the accompanying Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements.
91
Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data
Aflac Incorporated and Subsidiaries
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows
Years Ended December 31,
(In millions)
Cash flows from operating activities:
Net earnings
Adjustments to reconcile net earnings to net cash provided (used) by operating activities:
2020
2019
2018
$
4,778
$
3,304
$
2,920
Change in receivables and advance premiums
Capitalization of deferred policy acquisition costs
Amortization of deferred policy acquisition costs
Increase in policy liabilities
Change in income tax liabilities
Net investment (gains) losses
Other, net
Net cash provided (used) by operating activities
Cash flows from investing activities:
Proceeds from investments sold or matured:
Available-for-sale fixed maturity securities
Equity securities
Held-to-maturity fixed maturity securities
Commercial mortgage and other loans
Costs of investments acquired:
Available-for-sale fixed maturity securities
Equity securities
Commercial mortgage and other loans
Other investments, net
Settlement of derivatives, net
Cash received (pledged or returned) as collateral, net
Other, net
Net cash provided (used) by investing activities
Cash flows from financing activities:
Purchases of treasury stock
Proceeds from borrowings
Principal payments under debt obligations
Dividends paid to shareholders
Change in investment-type contracts, net
Treasury stock reissued
Other, net
Net cash provided (used) by financing activities
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents
Net change in cash and cash equivalents
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of period
Cash and cash equivalents, end of period
Supplemental disclosures of cash flow information:
Income taxes paid
Interest paid
Noncash interest
Noncash financing activities:
Lease obligations
Treasury stock issued for:
Associate stock bonus
Shareholder dividend reinvestment
Share-based compensation grants
See the accompanying Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements.
92
52
(1,142)
1,214
2,023
(1,419)
270
182
5,958
3,725
234
4
2,085
(4,772)
(498)
(3,263)
(860)
18
(1,027)
(265)
(4,619)
(1,537)
1,545
(350)
(769)
(11)
34
(27)
(1,115)
21
245
4,896
5,141
800
210
32
56
19
29
6
$
$
(32)
(1,452)
1,282
2,104
(244)
135
358
5,455
5,284
650
622
1,814
(6,934)
(347)
(4,401)
(653)
(9)
926
(123)
(3,171)
(1,627)
615
0
(771)
(1)
49
22
(1,713)
(12)
559
4,337
4,896
1,384
190
37
132
15
30
5
$
$
(55)
(1,504)
1,245
2,343
64
430
571
6,014
7,888
429
1,670
936
(9,086)
(440)
(4,848)
(414)
(241)
348
176
(3,582)
(1,301)
1,020
(550)
(793)
(31)
58
(19)
(1,616)
30
846
3,491
4,337
998
181
41
11
7
8
2
$
$
Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data
Aflac Incorporated and Subsidiaries
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements
1. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES
Description of Business
Aflac Incorporated (the Parent Company) and its subsidiaries (collectively, the Company) primarily sell supplemental health and life insurance in the
United States (U.S.) and Japan. The Company's insurance business is marketed and administered through American Family Life Assurance
Company of Columbus (Aflac) in the U.S. and, effective April 1, 2018, through Aflac Life Insurance Japan Ltd. (ALIJ) in Japan. Prior to April 1, 2018,
the Company's insurance business was marketed in Japan as a branch of Aflac. The Company’s operations consist of two reportable business
segments: Aflac U.S., which includes Aflac, and Aflac Japan, which includes ALIJ. American Family Life Assurance Company of New York (Aflac
New York) is a wholly owned subsidiary of Aflac. Most of Aflac's policies are individually underwritten and marketed through independent agents.
Additionally, Aflac U.S. markets and administers group products through Continental American Insurance Company (CAIC), branded as Aflac Group
Insurance. The Company's insurance operations in the U.S. and Japan service the two markets for the Company's insurance business. Aflac
Japan's revenues, including realized gains and losses on its investment portfolio, accounted for 68% of the Company's total revenues in 2020,
compared with 69% in 2019 and 70% in 2018. The percentage of the Company's total assets attributable to Aflac Japan was 83% at both
December 31, 2020 and 2019.
In November 2019, the Company acquired Argus Holdings, LLC and its subsidiary Argus Dental & Vision, Inc. (Argus), a benefits management
organization and national network dental and vision company, which provides a platform for Aflac Dental and Vision. The Company paid $75 million
at closing and made an additional commitment of up to $21 million in contingent consideration payable over three years based on the achievement
by Argus of certain performance targets. The contingent consideration was completed in 2020 with a payment of approximately $14 million. Argus is
an addition to the Aflac U.S. segment.
In November 2020, the Company, through its insurance subsidiaries Aflac and Aflac New York, acquired Zurich North America’s U.S. Corporate Life
and Pensions business (Zurich), which consists of group life, disability and absence management products for total consideration of $140 million.
Aflac and Aflac New York will reinsure on an indemnity basis Zurich's in-force group life and disability policies. Aflac also acquired assets needed to
support the group life and disability business, along with an absence management platform.
Basis of Presentation
The Company prepares its financial statements in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (U.S. GAAP). These principles are
established primarily by the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB). In these Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements, references to
U.S. GAAP issued by the FASB are derived from the FASB Accounting Standards Codification (ASC). The preparation of financial statements in
conformity with U.S. GAAP requires the Company to make estimates based on currently available information when recording transactions resulting
from business operations. The most significant items on the Company's balance sheet that involve a greater degree of accounting estimates and
actuarial determinations subject to changes in the future are the valuation of investments and derivatives, deferred policy acquisition costs (DAC),
liabilities for future policy benefits and unpaid policy claims, and income taxes. These accounting estimates and actuarial determinations are
sensitive to market conditions, investment yields, mortality, morbidity, commission and other acquisition expenses, and terminations by
policyholders. As additional information becomes available, or actual amounts are determinable, the recorded estimates are revised and reflected in
operating results. Although some variability is inherent in these estimates, the Company believes the amounts provided are adequate.
TM
The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Parent Company, its subsidiaries, and those entities required to be consolidated
under applicable accounting standards. All material intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated.
COVID-19: The impact of the COVID-19 global pandemic on the Company continues to evolve, and its future effects remain uncertain. The
Company continues to closely monitor the effects and risks of COVID-19 to assess its impact on economic conditions in Japan and the U.S. and on
the Company's business, financial condition, results of operations, liquidity and capital position.
93
Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data
Liquidity and Capital Resources
The Company entered the crisis having maintained capital ratios in Japan and the U.S. at a level designed to absorb a degree of market
volatility. To further support liquidity and capital resources, the Parent Company, in March 2020, issued four series of senior notes totaling
¥57.0 billion and, in April 2020, issued $1.0 billion in senior notes through public debt offerings under its U.S. shelf registration statement.
The Company has available liquidity in its unsecured revolving credit facilities of $1.0 billion and ¥100.0 billion and currently has no
borrowings under either of these facilities. In April 2020, Aflac increased its internal limit for Federal Home Loan Bank of Atlanta (FHLB)
borrowings to $800 million, $300 million of which the Company has designated to be used for short-term liquidity needs of the U.S.
insurance subsidiaries and subject to qualified collateral availability and other conditions. The Company has the ability to adjust cash flow
management from other sources of liquidity including reinvestment cash flows and selling investments.
Loan Modifications
In March 2020, the Coronavirus, Aid, Relief, and Economic Security (CARES) Act, which provides relief from certain requirements under
GAAP, was signed into law. Section 4013 of the CARES Act gives entities temporary relief from the accounting and disclosure requirements
for troubled debt restructurings (TDRs) under ASC 310-40 in certain situations. In April 2020, certain regulatory banking agencies, in
consultation with the FASB, issued the Interagency Statement on Loan Modifications and Reporting for Financial Institutions Working with
Customers Affected by the Coronavirus (Interagency statement) applicable for all entities, which offers practical expedients for evaluating
whether loan modifications in response to the COVID-19 pandemic are treated as TDRs. The relief provided by the CARES Act applies to
loan modifications made between March 1, 2020 and December 31, 2020, whereas the Interagency statement does not specify a time
horizon. In December 2020, the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2021 (CAA) was signed into law. The CAA extends certain provisions of
the CARES Act, provides additional funding for others and contains new relief provisions. The CAA modifies a number of existing loan
programs. The relief from TDR accounting will apply to modifications executed between March 1, 2020 and the earlier of (1) 60 days after
the end of the COVID-19 national emergency as determined by the Executive Branch and (2) January 1, 2022. The Company applies relief
granted under Section 4013 of the CARES Act and the Interagency statement with respect to certain qualifying loan modifications. For loan
modifications that qualify under the CARES Act, TDR accounting and reporting is suspended through the period of the modification;
however, the Company will continue to apply its existing non-accrual policies including consideration of the loan's past due status which is
determined on the basis of the contractual terms of the loan. Once a loan has been contractually modified, the past due status is generally
based on the updated terms including payment deferrals. See Note 3 of Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements for additional
details.
Significant Accounting Policies
Foreign Currency Translation: The functional currency of Aflac Japan is the Japanese yen. The Company translates its yen-denominated financial
statement accounts into U.S. dollars as follows. Assets and liabilities are translated at end-of-period exchange rates. Realized gains and losses on
security transactions are translated at the exchange rate on the trade date of each transaction. Other revenues, expenses, and cash flows are
translated using average exchange rates for the period. The resulting currency translation adjustments are reported in accumulated other
comprehensive income. The Company includes in earnings the realized currency exchange gains and losses resulting from foreign currency
transactions.
The Parent Company has designated a majority of its yen-denominated liabilities (notes payable and yen-denominated loans) as non-derivative
hedges and from time-to-time may designate certain foreign currency forwards and options as derivative hedges of the foreign currency exposure of
the Company's net investment in Aflac Japan. Outstanding principal and related accrued interest on these Parent Company liabilities and the fair
value of these derivatives are translated into U.S. dollars at end-of-period exchange rates. Currency translation adjustments and changes in the fair
value of these derivatives are recorded as unrealized foreign currency translation gains (losses) in other comprehensive income and are included in
accumulated other comprehensive income.
Insurance Revenue and Expense Recognition: Substantially all of the supplemental health and life insurance policies the Company issues are
classified as long-duration contracts. The contract provisions generally cannot be changed or canceled during the contract period; however, the
Company may adjust premiums for supplemental health policies issued in the U.S. within prescribed guidelines and with the approval of state
insurance regulatory authorities.
94
Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data
Insurance premiums for most of the Company's health and life policies, including cancer, accident, hospital, critical illness, dental, vision, term life,
whole life, long-term care and disability, are recognized as revenue over the premium-paying periods of the contracts when due from policyholders.
When revenues are reported, the related amounts of benefits and expenses are charged against such revenues, so that profits are recognized in
proportion to premium revenues during the period the policies are expected to remain in force. This association is accomplished by means of annual
additions to the liability for future policy benefits and the deferral and subsequent amortization of policy acquisition costs.
Premiums from the Company's products with limited-pay features, including term life, whole life, WAYS, and child endowment, are collected over a
significantly shorter period than the period over which benefits are provided. Premiums for these products are recognized as revenue over the
premium-paying periods of the contracts when due from policyholders. Any gross premium in excess of the net premium is deferred and recorded in
earnings, such that profits are recognized in a constant relationship with insurance in force. Benefits are recorded as an expense when they are
incurred. A liability for future policy benefits is recorded when premiums are recognized using the net premium method.
At the policyholder's option, customers can also pay discounted advanced premiums for certain of the Company's products. Advanced premiums are
deferred and recognized when due from policyholders over the regularly scheduled premium payment period.
The calculation of DAC and the liability for future policy benefits requires the use of estimates based on sound actuarial valuation techniques. For
new policy issues, the Company reviews its actuarial assumptions and deferrable acquisition costs each year and revises them when necessary to
more closely reflect recent experience and studies of actual acquisition costs. For policies in force, the Company evaluates DAC by major product
groupings to determine that they are recoverable from future revenues, and any amounts determined not to be recoverable are charged against net
earnings. The Company has not had any material charges to earnings for DAC that was determined not to be recoverable in any of the years
presented in this Form 10-K.
Advertising expense is reported as incurred in insurance expenses in the consolidated statements of earnings.
Cash and Cash Equivalents: Cash and cash equivalents include cash on hand, money market instruments, and other debt instruments with a
maturity of 90 days or less when purchased.
Investments: The Company's debt securities consist of fixed maturity securities, which are classified as either held to maturity or available for sale.
Securities classified as held to maturity are securities that the Company has the ability and intent to hold to maturity or redemption and are carried at
amortized cost. All other fixed maturity debt securities are classified as available for sale and are carried at fair value. If the fair value is higher than
the amortized cost for debt securities, the excess is an unrealized gain, and if lower than cost, the difference is an unrealized loss. The net
unrealized gains and losses on securities available for sale, less related deferred income taxes, are recorded through other comprehensive income
and included in accumulated other comprehensive income.
Amortized cost of debt securities is based on the Company's purchase price adjusted for accrual of discount, or amortization of premium, and
recognition of impairment charges, if any. The amortized cost of debt securities the Company purchases at a discount or premium will equal the face
or par value at maturity or the call date, if applicable. Interest is reported as income when earned and is adjusted for amortization of any premium or
discount.
The Company has investments in marketable equity securities which are carried at fair value. Changes in the fair value of equity securities are
recorded in earnings as a component of realized investment gains and losses.
The Company has investments in variable interest entities (VIEs). Criteria for evaluating VIEs for consolidation focuses on identifying which
enterprise has the power to direct the activities of a variable interest entity that most significantly impact the entity's economic performance and (1)
the obligation to absorb losses of the entity or (2) the right to receive benefits from the entity. The Company is the primary beneficiary of certain
VIEs, and therefore consolidates these entities in its financial statements. While the consolidated VIEs generally operate within a defined set of
contractual terms, there are certain powers that are retained by the Company that are considered significant in the conclusion that the Company is
the primary beneficiary. These powers vary by structure but generally include the initial selection of the underlying collateral; the ability to obtain the
underlying collateral in the event of default; and, the ability to appoint or dismiss key parties in the structure. In particular, the Company's powers
surrounding the underlying collateral were considered to be the most significant powers because those most significantly impact the economics of
the VIE. The Company has no obligation to provide any continuing financial support to any of the entities in which it is the primary beneficiary. The
Company's maximum loss is limited to its original investment. Neither the Company nor any of its creditors have the ability to obtain the underlying
collateral, nor does the Company have control over the instruments held in the VIEs, unless there is an
95
Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data
event of default. For those entities where the Company is the primary beneficiary, the consolidated entity's assets are segregated on the balance
sheet by the caption "consolidated variable interest entities," and consist of fixed maturity securities, equity securities, loan receivables, limited
partnerships and derivative instruments.
For the mortgage- and asset-backed securities held in the Company's fixed maturity portfolio, the Company recognizes income using a constant
effective yield, which is based on anticipated prepayments and the estimated economic life of the securities. When estimates of prepayments
change, the effective yield is recalculated to reflect actual payments to date and anticipated future payments. The net investment in mortgage- and
asset-backed securities is adjusted to the amount that would have existed had the new effective yield been applied at the time of acquisition. This
adjustment is reflected in net investment income.
The Company uses the specific identification method to determine the gain or loss from securities transactions and report the realized gain or loss in
the consolidated statements of earnings. Securities transactions are accounted for based on values as of the trade date of the transaction.
The Company lends fixed maturity and public equity securities to financial institutions in short-term security-lending transactions. These securities
continue to be carried as investment assets on the Company's balance sheet during the terms of the loans and are not reported as sales. The
Company receives cash or other securities as collateral for such loans. For loans involving unrestricted cash or securities as collateral, the collateral
is reported as an asset with a corresponding liability for the return of the collateral. For loans where the Company receives as collateral securities
that the Company is not permitted to sell or repledge, the collateral is not reported as an asset.
Commercial mortgage and other loans include transitional real estate loans (TREs), commercial mortgage loans (CMLs) and middle market loans
(MMLs). The Company's investments in TREs, CMLs, and MMLs are accounted for as loan receivables and are recorded at amortized cost on the
acquisition date. The Company has the intent and ability to hold these loan receivables for the foreseeable future or until they mature and therefore,
they are considered held for investment and are carried at amortized cost in the commercial mortgage and other loans line in its consolidated
balance sheets. The amortized cost of the loan receivables reflects allowances for expected lifetime losses estimated as of each reporting date.
Other investments include policy loans, limited partnerships, and short-term investments with maturities at the time of purchase of one year or less,
but greater than 90 days. Limited partnerships are accounted for using the equity method of accounting. Under the equity method of accounting, the
Company reports its portion of partnership earnings as a component of net investment income in its consolidated statements of earnings. The
underlying investments held by the Company’s limited partnerships primarily consist of private equity and real estate. Short-term investments are
stated at amortized cost, which approximates fair value.
Credit Losses: Effective January 1, 2020, the Company adopted ASC 326: Financial Instruments - Credit Losses. The newly adopted accounting
standard requires the Company to estimate an expected lifetime credit loss on financial assets measured at amortized cost including short-term
receivables including premiums receivable, held-to-maturity fixed maturity securities, loan receivables, loan commitments and reinsurance
recoverables. For the Company’s available-for-sale fixed maturity securities, the newly adopted guidance requires an entity to evaluate estimated
credit losses only when the fair value of the available-for-sale fixed maturity security is below its amortized cost basis. Credit loss changes are
recorded as a component of net investment gains and losses for the Company’s held-to-maturity and available-for-sale securities, loan receivables,
loan commitments and reinsurance recoverables, whereas credit losses on premium receivables are recorded in net premiums. The Company’s off-
balance sheet credit exposure is primarily attributable to loan commitments that are not unconditionally cancellable. The Company considers the
contractual period of exposure to credit risk, the likelihood that funding will occur, the risk of loss, and the current conditions and expectations of
future economic conditions to develop the estimate of expected credit losses. The Company records the estimate of expected credit losses for
certain loan commitments within other liabilities in the consolidated balance sheet.
Write-offs and partial write-offs are recorded as a reduction to the amortized cost of the loan or fixed maturity security balance and a corresponding
reduction to the credit allowance.
The Company has elected not to measure an allowance on accrued interest income for all asset types, because the uncollectible accrued interest
receivable is written off in a timely manner. The Company writes off accrued interest when it is more than ninety days past due by reducing interest
income, which is a component of net investment income, in the consolidated statement of earnings.
96
Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data
The Company records due premium receivable net of current expected credit losses in the receivables line item in the consolidated balance sheet,
utilizing an aging methodology based on historical loss information, adjusted for current conditions and reasonable and supportable forecasts.
Changes in the estimated credit losses related to premium receivable are recorded in net premiums in the consolidated statement of earnings.
Prior to January 1, 2020, the Company presented losses in accordance with the then effective guidance, where the Company primarily evaluated the
financial instrument’s and issuer’s creditworthiness to determine whether an impairment in value of the Company's fixed maturity securities was
other-than-temporary.
For fixed maturity securities, if, after monitoring and analyses, management believed that fair value would not recover to amortized cost, the
Company recognized an other-than-temporary impairment. Once a security was considered to be other-than-temporarily impaired, the impairment
loss was separated into two components: the portion of the impairment related to credit and the portion of the impairment related to factors other
than credit. The Company recognized a charge to earnings for the credit-related portion of other-than-temporary impairments. Impairments related to
factors other than credit were recorded in earnings in the event the Company intended to sell the security prior to the recovery of its amortized cost
or if it was more likely than not that the Company would be required to dispose of the security prior to recovery of its amortized cost; otherwise, non-
credit-related other-than-temporary impairments were recorded in other comprehensive income.
For loans receivable, the amortized cost of the loan receivables reflected allowances for incurred losses estimated based on past events and current
economic conditions as of each reporting date.
Derivatives and Hedging: Freestanding derivative instruments are reported in the consolidated balance sheet at fair value and are reported in
other assets and other liabilities, with changes in value reported in earnings and/or other comprehensive income. These freestanding derivatives are
foreign currency forwards, foreign currency options, foreign currency swaps, interest rate swaps and interest rate swaptions. The Company does not
use derivatives for trading purposes, nor does the Company engage in leveraged derivative transactions.
From time to time, the Company purchases certain investments that contain an embedded derivative. The Company assesses whether this
embedded derivative is clearly and closely related to the asset that serves as its host contract. If the Company deems that the embedded
derivative's terms are not clearly and closely related to the host contract, and a separate instrument with the same terms would qualify as a
derivative instrument, the derivative is separated from that contract, held at fair value, and reported with the host instrument in the consolidated
balance sheet, with changes in fair value reported in earnings. If the Company has elected the fair value option, the embedded derivative is not
bifurcated, and the entire investment is held at fair value with changes in fair value reported in earnings.
See Note 5 for a discussion on how the Company determines the fair value of its derivatives. Accruals on derivatives are typically recorded in other
assets or within other liabilities in the consolidated balance sheets.
To qualify for hedge accounting treatment, a derivative must be highly effective in mitigating the designated risk attributable to the hedged item. At
the inception of hedging relationships the Company formally documents all relationships between hedging instruments and hedged items, as well as
its risk-management objectives and strategies for undertaking the respective hedging relationship, and the methodology that will be used to assess
the effectiveness of the hedge relationship at and subsequent to hedge inception. The Company documents the designation of each hedge as either
(i) a hedge of the variability of cash flows to be received or paid related to a recognized asset or liability or the hedge of a forecasted transaction
("cash flow hedge"); (ii) a hedge of the estimated fair value of a recognized asset or liability ("fair value hedge"); or (iii) a hedge of a net investment in
a foreign operation. The documentation process includes linking derivatives and non-derivative financial instruments that are designated as hedges
to specific assets or groups of assets or liabilities in the statement of financial position or to specific forecasted transactions and defining the
effectiveness testing methods to be used. At the hedge inception and on an ongoing quarterly basis, the Company also formally assesses whether
the derivatives and non-derivative financial instruments used in hedging activities have been, and are expected to continue to be, highly effective in
offsetting their designated risk. Hedge effectiveness is assessed using qualitative and quantitative methods. The assessment of hedge effectiveness
determines the accounting treatment of changes in fair value.
For assessing hedge effectiveness, qualitative methods may include the comparison of critical terms of the derivative to the hedged item, and
quantitative methods may include regression, dollar offset, or other statistical analysis of changes in fair value or cash flows associated with the
hedge relationship.
97
Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data
For derivative instruments that are designated and qualify as cash flow hedges, the gain or loss on the derivative is reported as a component of
other comprehensive income (loss) and reclassified into earnings in the same period or periods during which the hedged transaction affects
earnings. In cash flow hedges, all components of each derivative's gain or loss are included in the assessment of hedge effectiveness.
For derivative instruments that are designated and qualify as fair value hedges, the gain or loss on the hedged item and the portion of the hedging
instrument included in the assessment of effectiveness are recorded in the line item of the consolidated statements of earnings in which gain or loss
on the hedged item is recorded. When assessing the effectiveness of the Company's fair value hedges, the Company excludes the changes in fair
value related to the difference between the spot and the forward rate on its foreign currency forwards, the fair value not resulting from fluctuations in
spot currency rates on the final notional exchange on cross currency swaps, and the time value of money of foreign exchange options and interest
rate swaptions. For interest rate swaptions and cross-currency interest rate swaps designated under fair value hedges of interest rate risk, the
change in the time value of money is recognized in other comprehensive income (loss) and amortized into earnings (net investment income) over its
legal term.
As discussed in Note 4, from time to time the Company designates net investment hedges of its net investment in Aflac Japan. The Company makes
its net investment hedge designation at the beginning of each quarter. For derivative hedging instruments designated as net investment hedges,
Aflac follows the spot-rate method. According to that method, the change in fair value of the hedging instrument due to fluctuations in the spot
exchange rate is recorded in the unrealized foreign currency component of other comprehensive income and reclassified to earnings only when the
hedged net investment is sold, or when a liquidation of the respective net investment in the foreign entity is substantially completed. If and when a
sale or liquidation occurs, the changes in fair value of the derivative deferred in the unrealized foreign currency component of other comprehensive
income will be released in the same income statement line item where the gain (loss) on the hedged net investment would be recorded upon sale.
All other changes in fair value of the hedging instrument are considered the “excluded component” and are accounted for in net investment gains
(losses). Should these designated net investment hedge positions exceed the Company's net investment in Aflac Japan, the foreign exchange effect
on the portion that exceeds its investment in Aflac Japan would be recognized in current earnings within net investment gains (losses).
The Company discontinues hedge accounting prospectively when (1) it is determined that the derivative is no longer highly effective in offsetting
changes in the estimated cash flows or fair value of a hedged item; (2) the derivative is de-designated as a hedging instrument; or (3) the derivative
expires or is sold, terminated or exercised.
When hedge accounting is discontinued on a cash flow hedge or fair value hedge, the derivative is carried in the consolidated balance sheets at its
estimated fair value, with changes in estimated fair value recognized in current period earnings. For discontinued cash flow hedges, including those
where the derivative is sold, terminated or exercised, amounts previously deferred in other comprehensive income (loss) are reclassified into
earnings when earnings are impacted by the cash flow of the hedged item.
If a derivative is not designated as an accounting hedge or its use in managing risk does not qualify for hedge accounting, changes in the estimated
fair value of the derivative are generally reported within other gains (losses), which is a component of net investment gains (losses). The fluctuations
in estimated fair value of derivatives that have not been designated for hedge accounting can result in volatility in net earnings.
The Company receives and pledges cash or other securities as collateral on open derivative positions. Cash received as collateral is reported as an
asset with a corresponding liability for the return of the collateral. Cash pledged as collateral is recorded as a reduction to cash, and a corresponding
receivable is recognized for the return of the cash collateral. The Company generally can repledge or resell collateral obtained from counterparties,
although the Company does not typically exercise such rights. Securities received as collateral are not recognized unless the Company was to
exercise its right to sell that collateral or exercise remedies on that collateral upon a counterparty default. Securities that the Company has pledged
as collateral continue to be carried as investment assets on its balance sheet.
Deferred Policy Acquisition Costs: Certain direct and incremental costs of acquiring insurance contracts are deferred and amortized with interest
over the premium payment periods in proportion to the ratio of annual premium income to total anticipated premium income. Anticipated premium
income is estimated by using the same mortality, persistency and interest assumptions used in computing liabilities for future policy benefits. In this
manner, the related acquisition expenses are matched with revenues. Deferred costs include the excess of current-year commissions over ultimate
renewal-year commissions and certain incremental direct policy issue, underwriting and sales expenses. All of these incremental costs are directly
related to successful policy acquisition.
98
Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data
For some products, policyholders can elect to modify product benefits, features, rights or coverages by exchanging a contract for a new contract or
by amendment, endorsement, or rider to a contract, or by the election of a feature or coverage within a contract. These transactions are known as
internal replacements. The Company performs a two-stage analysis of the internal replacements to determine if the modification is substantive to the
base policy. The stages of evaluation are as follows: 1) determine if the modification is integrated with the base policy, and 2) if it is integrated,
determine if the resulting contract is substantially changed.
For internal replacement transactions where the resulting contract is substantially unchanged, the policy is accounted for as a continuation of the
replaced contract. Unamortized deferred acquisition costs from the original policy continue to be amortized over the expected life of the new policy,
and the costs of replacing the policy are accounted for as policy maintenance costs and expensed as incurred. Examples include conversions of
same age bands, certain family coverage changes, pricing era changes (decrease), and ordinary life becomes reduced paid-up and certain
reinstatements.
An internal replacement transaction that results in a policy that is substantially changed is accounted for as an extinguishment of the original policy
and the issuance of a new policy. Unamortized deferred acquisition costs on the original policy are immediately expensed, and the costs of acquiring
the new policy are capitalized and amortized in accordance with the Company's accounting policies for deferred acquisition costs. Further, the policy
reserves are evaluated based on the new policy features, and any change (up or down) necessary is recognized at the date of contract
change/modification. Examples include conversions to higher age bands, certain family coverage changes, pricing era changes (increase), lapse &
re-issue, certain reinstatements and certain other contract conversions.
Riders can be considered internal replacements that are either integrated or non-integrated resulting in either substantially changed or substantially
unchanged treatment. Riders are evaluated based on the specific facts and circumstances of the rider and are considered an expansion of the
existing benefits with additional premium required. Non-integrated riders to existing contracts do not change the Company's profit expectations for
the related products and are treated as a new policy establishment for incremental coverage.
The Company measures the recoverability of DAC and the adequacy of its policy reserves annually by performing gross premium valuations on its
business. (See the following discussion for further information regarding policy reserves.)
Goodwill: Goodwill is an asset representing the future economic benefits arising from other assets acquired in a business combination that are not
individually identified and separately recognized. The amount of goodwill recognized is also impacted by measurement differences resulting from
certain assets and liabilities not recorded at fair value (e.g. income taxes, employee benefits). Goodwill is not amortized, but is tested for impairment
at a level of a reporting unit at least annually, in the same reporting period each year. Goodwill is included in the line item “Other” assets in the
consolidated balance sheets and was $269 million as of December 31, 2020, compared with $140 million at December 31, 2019. A significant
majority of the goodwill balance is attributable to the following business combinations within the Aflac U.S. segment, which represents the reporting
unit for goodwill impairment testing: (i) CAIC acquisition in 2009, (ii) Empowered Benefits acquisition in 2015, (iii) Argus acquisition in 2019, and (iv)
acquisition of Zurich's business in the fourth quarter of 2020.
Policy Liabilities: Future policy benefits represent insurance claims that are expected to occur in the future and are computed following a net level
premium method using estimated future investment yields, persistency and recognized morbidity and mortality tables modified to reflect the
Company's experience, including a provision for adverse deviation. These assumptions are generally established and considered locked at policy
inception. These assumptions may only be unlocked in certain circumstances based on the results of periodic DAC recoverability and premium
deficiency testing.
Unpaid policy claims are estimates computed primarily on an undiscounted basis using statistical analyses of historical claims experience adjusted
for current trends and changed conditions. The ultimate liability may vary significantly from such estimates. The Company regularly adjusts these
estimates as new claims experience emerges and reflects the changes in operating results in the year such adjustments are made.
Unearned premiums consist primarily of discounted advance premiums on deposit from policyholders in conjunction with their purchase of certain
Aflac Japan limited-pay insurance products. These advanced premiums are deferred upon collection and recognized as premium revenue over the
contractual premium payment period.
Other policyholders’ funds liability consists primarily of the fixed annuity line of business in Aflac Japan which has fixed benefits and premiums.
99
Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data
For internal replacements that are determined to not be substantially unchanged, policy liabilities related to the original policy that was replaced are
immediately released, and policy liabilities are established for the new insurance contract; however, for internal replacements that are considered
substantially unchanged, no changes to the reserves are recognized.
Reinsurance: The Company enters into reinsurance agreements with other companies in the normal course of business. For each reinsurance
agreement, the Company determines if the agreement provides indemnification against loss or liability relating to insurance risk in accordance with
applicable accounting standards. Reinsurance premiums and benefits paid or provided are accounted for on bases consistent with those used in
accounting for the original policies issued and the terms of the reinsurance contracts. Premiums, benefits and DAC are reported net of insurance
ceded.
Income Taxes: Income tax provisions are generally based on pretax earnings reported for financial statement purposes, which differ from those
amounts used in preparing the Company's income tax returns. Deferred income taxes are recognized for temporary differences between the
financial reporting basis and income tax basis of assets and liabilities, based on enacted tax laws and statutory tax rates applicable to the periods in
which the Company expects the temporary differences to reverse. The Company records deferred tax assets for tax positions taken based on its
assessment of whether the tax position is more likely than not to be sustained upon examination by taxing authorities. A valuation allowance is
established for deferred tax assets when it is more likely than not that an amount will not be realized.
Policyholder Protection Corporation and State Guaranty Association Assessments: In Japan, the government has required the insurance
industry to contribute to a policyholder protection corporation. The Company recognizes a charge for its estimated share of the industry's obligation
once it is determinable. The Company reviews the estimated liability for policyholder protection corporation contributions on an annual basis and
reports any adjustments in Aflac Japan's expenses.
In the U.S., each state has a guaranty association that supports insolvent insurers operating in those states. The Company's policy is to accrue
assessments when the entity for which the insolvency relates has met its state of domicile's statutory definition of insolvency, the amount of the loss
is reasonably estimable and the related premium upon which the assessment is based is written. See Note 15 of the Notes to the Consolidated
Financial Statements for further discussion of the guaranty fund assessments charged to the Company.
Treasury Stock: Treasury stock is reflected as a reduction of shareholders' equity at cost. The Company uses the weighted-average purchase cost
to determine the cost of treasury stock that is reissued. The Company includes any gains and losses in additional paid-in capital when treasury stock
is reissued.
Share-Based Compensation: The Company measures compensation cost related to its share-based payment transactions at fair value on the
grant date, and the Company recognizes those costs in the financial statements over the vesting period during which the employee provides service
in exchange for the award. The Company has formalized its entity-wide accounting policy election to estimate the number of awards that are
expected to vest and the corresponding forfeitures.
Earnings Per Share: The Company computes basic earnings per share (EPS) by dividing net earnings by the weighted-average number of
unrestricted shares outstanding for the period. Diluted EPS is computed by dividing net earnings by the weighted-average number of shares
outstanding for the period plus the shares representing the dilutive effect of share-based awards.
Reclassifications: Certain reclassifications have been made to prior-year amounts to conform to current-year reporting classifications. These
reclassifications had no impact on net earnings or total shareholders' equity.
100
Effect on Financial Statements or
Other Significant Matters
The adoption of the new guidance did
not have an impact on the Company’s
financial statements.
The Company will continue to evaluate
the impacts of reference rate reform on
contract modifications and hedging
relationships through December 31,
2022.
Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data
Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements
New Accounting Pronouncements
Standard
Description
Date of Adoption
Accounting Standards Update
(ASU) 2020-04
Reference Rate Reform (Topic
848): Facilitation of the Effects of
Reference Rate Reform on
Financial Reporting
as clarified and amended by:
ASU 2021-01
Reference Rate Reform (Topic
848): Relief Extended to
Derivatives Impacted by
Discounting Transition
April 1, 2020
In March 2020, the FASB issued amendments
that provide optional expedients and exceptions
for applying U.S. GAAP to contracts, hedging
relationships, and other transactions affected by
the reference rate reform if certain criteria are
met. The amendments in this ASU only apply to
contracts, hedging relationships, and other
transactions that reference LIBOR or another
reference rate expected to be discontinued
because of reference rate reform.
An entity may elect to apply the amendments as of
any date from the beginning of an interim period that
includes or is subsequent to March 12, 2020, or
prospectively from a date within an interim period that
includes or is subsequent to March 12, 2020, up to
the date that the financial statements are available to
be issued.
The amendments generally expire on December 31
2022, i.e., they do not apply to contract modifications
made after December 31, 2022, new hedging
relationships entered into after December 31, 2022,
and hedging relationships evaluated for periods after
December 31, 2022.
In January 2021, the FASB issued a standard to
permit entities to apply optional expedients in ASC
848 to derivative instruments modified because of
discounting transition. Discounting transition refers to
the changing of interest rates used for margining,
discounting, or contract price alignment of derivative
instruments to transition to alternative rates.The
amendment is effective immediately.
101
Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data
Standard
Description
Date of Adoption
January 1, 2020
ASU 2019-04
Codification Improvements to Topic
326, Financial Instruments - Credit
Losses, Topic 815, Derivatives and
Hedging, and Topic 825, Financial
Instruments
ASU 2018-17
Consolidation: Targeted
Improvements to Related Party
Guidance for Variable Interest
Entities
ASU 2018-16
Derivatives and Hedging Inclusion
of the Secured Overnight
Financing Rate (SOFR) Overnight
Index Swap (OIS) Rate as a
Benchmark Interest Rate for
Hedge Accounting Purposes
In April 2019, the FASB issued Codification
improvements to clarify and correct certain areas of
guidance amended as part of ASU 2016-01,
Financial Instruments - Overall (Subtopic 825-10):
Recognition and Measurement of Financial Assets
and Financial Liabilities; ASU 2016-13, Financial
Instruments - Credit Losses (Topic 326):
Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial
Instruments; and ASU 2017-12, Derivative and
Hedging (Topic 815): Targeted Improvements to
Accounting for Hedging Activities.
The most significant of these improvements to the
Company was related to the Codification
improvement to ASU 2017-12 and the clarification
that a one-time reclassification of assets that are
eligible to be hedged under the last-of-layer method
(i.e., certain pre-payable securities) from held-to-
maturity to available-for-sale is allowed under the
new hedge accounting guidance and would not
impact the Company’s ability to continue to classify
other bonds as held-to-maturity.
The other amendments related to ASU 2017-12 and
2016-01 are either not significant, or were previously
implemented as part of the related ASU adoptions.
Applicable amendments related to ASU 2016-13 are
discussed within the recent adoption of that update
below.
In October 2018, the FASB issued targeted
improvements which provide that indirect interests
held through related parties under common control
should be considered on a proportional basis for
determining whether fees paid to decision makers
and service providers are variable interests.
In October 2018, the FASB issued amendments to
permit use of the Overnight Index Swap (OIS) rate
based on the Secured Overnight Financing Rate
(SOFR) as a U.S. benchmark interest rate for hedge
accounting purposes under Topic 815 in addition to
the Treasury obligations of the U.S. government
(UST), the London Interbank Offered Rate (LIBOR)
swap rate, the OIS rate based on the Fed Funds
Effective Rate, and the Securities Industry and
Financial Markets Association (SIFMA) Municipal
Swap Rate.
102
Effect on Financial Statements or
Other Significant Matters
The adoption of this guidance resulted
in a reclassification of $6.9 billion (at
amortized cost) of pre-payable fixed-
maturity securities from the held-to-
maturity to the available-for-sale
category. The reclassification resulted in
recording in beginning 2020
accumulated other comprehensive
income a net unrealized gain of $848
million on an after-tax basis, based on
the securities’ fair values on the
reclassification date. The reclassification
impacted the adoption of ASU 2016-13
(see ASU 2016-13 below for additional
details).
January 1, 2020
The adoption of this guidance did not
have a significant impact on the
Company's financial position, results of
operations, or disclosures.
Early adopted as of October
1, 2018
The adoption of this guidance did not
have a significant impact on the
Company’s financial position, results of
operations or disclosures.
Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data
Standard
Description
Date of Adoption
ASU 2018-15
Intangibles - Goodwill and Other -
Internal-Use Software, Customer’s
Accounting for Implementation
Costs Incurred in a Cloud
Computing Arrangement That Is a
Service Contract
ASU 2018-14
Compensation - Retirement Benefits
- Defined Benefit Plans - General,
Disclosure Framework - Changes to
the Disclosure Requirements for
Defined Benefit Plans
ASU 2018-13
Fair Value Measurement,
Disclosure Framework - Changes to
the Disclosure Requirements for
Fair Value Measurement
ASU 2018-03
Technical Corrections and
Improvements to Financial
Instruments - Overall Recognition
and Measurement of Financial
Assets and Financial Liabilities
ASU 2018-02
Income Statement - Reporting
Comprehensive Income:
Reclassification of Certain Tax
Effects from Accumulated Other
Comprehensive Income
In August 2018, the FASB issued amendments to
align the requirements for capitalizing
implementation costs incurred in a hosting
arrangement that is a service contract with the
requirements for capitalizing implementation costs
incurred to develop or obtain internal-use software.
In August 2018, the FASB issued amendments to
modify the disclosure requirements for employers
that sponsor defined benefit pension or other
postretirement plans. Accordingly, six disclosures
requirements were removed, two added and two
clarified.
In August 2018, the FASB issued amendments to
the disclosure requirements on fair value
measurements. The amendments remove, modify,
and add certain disclosures.
In February 2018, the FASB issued amendments to
clarify certain aspects of the guidance issued in the
original Financial Instruments - Overall - Recognition
and Measurement pronouncement summarized
below. Specifically, for entities who have chosen the
measurement alternative approach for equity
securities without readily determinable fair values,
the amendments clarify that entities may change
from a measurement alternative approach to a fair
value method through an irrevocable election that
would apply to a specific equity security and all
identical or similar investments of the same issuer;
entities should use an observable price at the date of
the transaction rather than reporting date for the
measurement alternative calculation; and insurance
companies should use a prospective transition
method when applying the measurement alternative.
In February 2018, the FASB issued amendments
which allow a reclassification from accumulated
other comprehensive income (AOCI) to retained
earnings of the effects of the change in the U.S.
federal income tax rate resulting from the Tax Cuts
and Jobs Act (Tax Act) on the gross deferred tax
amounts and the corresponding valuation
allowances related to items remaining in AOCI. The
amendments eliminate the stranded tax effects
resulting from the Tax Act and also require certain
disclosures about the reclassified tax effects.
103
Early adopted as of January
1, 2019
Effect on Financial Statements or
Other Significant Matters
The adoption of this guidance did not
have a significant impact on the
Company’s financial position, results of
operations or disclosures.
Early adopted as of
December 31, 2019
The adoption of this guidance did not
have a significant impact on the
Company’s financial position, results of
operations or disclosures.
January 1, 2020
The adoption of this guidance did not
have a significant impact on the
Company’s financial position, results of
operations, or disclosures.
Early adopted as of January
1, 2018
The adoption of this guidance did not
have a significant impact on the
Company’s financial position, results of
operations, or disclosures.
Early adopted as of January
1, 2018
The amounts reclassified from AOCI to
retained earnings include the income
tax effects of the change in the federal
corporate tax rate enacted by the Tax
Act. The Company’s policy is to follow
the portfolio approach for releasing
income tax effects from AOCI. The
adoption of this guidance resulted in an
increase to beginning 2018 AOCI of
$374 million with a corresponding
decrease to beginning 2018 retained
earnings as of January 1, 2018.
Early adopted as of October
1, 2018
Effect on Financial Statements or
Other Significant Matters
The adoption of this guidance did not
have a significant impact on the
Company's financial position, results
of operations, or disclosures.
January 1, 2018
The adoption of this guidance did not
have a significant impact on the
Company's financial position, results
of operations, or disclosures.
Early adopted as of July 1,
2018
The adoption of this guidance did not
have a significant impact on the
Company’s financial position, results
of operations, or disclosures.
January 1, 2018
The adoption of this guidance did not
have a significant impact on the
Company's financial position, results
of operations, or disclosures.
Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data
Standard
Description
Date of Adoption
ASU 2017-12
Derivatives and Hedging: Targeted
Improvements to Accounting for
Hedging Activities
ASU 2017-09 Compensation - Stock
Compensation: Scope of
Modification Accounting
ASU 2017-08
Receivables - Nonrefundable Fees
and Other Costs: Premium
Amortization on Purchased Callable
Debt Securities
ASU 2017-07
Compensation - Retirement
Benefits: Improving the Presentation
of Net Periodic Pension Cost and
Net Periodic Postretirement Benefit
Cost
In August 2017, the FASB issued guidance which
improves and simplifies the accounting rules around
hedge accounting and creates more transparency
around how economic results are presented in
financial statements. Issues addressed in this new
guidance include: 1) risk component hedging, 2)
accounting for the hedged item in fair value hedges
of interest rate risk, 3) recognition and presentation
of the effects of hedging instruments, and 4)
amounts excluded from the assessment of hedge
effectiveness.
In May 2017, the FASB issued amendments to
provide guidance clarifying when changes to the
terms or conditions of a share-based payment award
must be accounted for as modifications. An entity
should apply modification accounting if the fair value,
vesting conditions or classification of the award (as
an equity instrument or liability instrument) changes
as a result of the change in terms or conditions of the
award.
In March 2017, the FASB issued amendments to
shorten the amortization period for certain callable
debt securities held at a premium. Specifically, the
amendments require the premium to be amortized to
the earliest call date. The amendments do not
require an accounting change for securities held at a
discount.
In March 2017, the FASB issued amendments
requiring that an employer report the service cost
component of net periodic pension cost and net
periodic postretirement benefit cost in the same line
item or items as other compensation costs arising
from services rendered by the pertinent employees
during the period. The other components of net
periodic pension cost and net periodic postretirement
benefit cost are required to be presented in the
income statement separately from the service cost
component and outside a subtotal of income from
operations, if one is presented. If a separate line item
or items are used to present the other components of
net benefit cost, that line item or items must be
appropriately described. If a separate line item or
items are not used, the line item or items used in the
income statement to present the other components
of net benefit cost must be disclosed. The
amendments in this update also allow only the
service cost component to be eligible for
capitalization when applicable.
104
Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data
Standard
Description
Date of Adoption
ASU 2017-05
Other Income - Gains and Losses
from the Derecognition of
Nonfinancial Assets: Clarifying the
Scope of Asset Derecognition
Guidance and Accounting for
Partial Sales of Nonfinancial Assets
ASU 2017-04
Intangibles - Goodwill and Other:
Simplifying the Test for Goodwill
Impairment
ASU 2017-01
Business Combinations: Clarifying
the Definition of a Business
ASU 2016-18
Statement of Cash Flows:
Restricted Cash
In February 2017, the FASB issued amendments that
clarify the scope and accounting guidance for the
derecognition of a nonfinancial asset or a financial
asset that meets the definition of an "in substance
nonfinancial asset." The amendments define an "in
substance nonfinancial asset" and provide additional
accounting guidance for partial sales of nonfinancial
assets.
In January 2017, the FASB issued amendments
simplifying the subsequent measurement of goodwill.
An entity, under this update, is no longer required to
perform a hypothetical purchase price allocation to
measure goodwill impairment. Instead, the entity
should perform its annual or interim goodwill
impairment test by comparing the fair value of a
reporting unit with its carrying amount.
In January 2017, the FASB issued amendments
clarifying when a set of assets and activities is a
business. The amendments provide a screen to
exclude transactions where substantially all the fair
value of the transferred set is concentrated in a
single asset, or group of similar assets, from being
evaluated as a business.
In November 2016, the FASB issued amendments
requiring that a statement of cash flows explain the
change during the period in the total of cash, cash
equivalents, and amounts generally described as
restricted cash or restricted cash equivalents.
ASU 2016-16
Income Taxes: Intra-Entity
Transfers of Assets Other Than
Inventory
In October 2016, the FASB issued amendments that
require an entity to recognize the income tax
consequences of an intra-entity transfer of an asset
other than inventory when the transfer occurs.
ASU 2016-15 Statement of Cash
Flows: Classification of Certain
Cash Receipts and Cash Payments
In August 2016, the FASB issued amendments that
provide guidance on eight specific statement of cash
flow classification issues, including distributions
received from equity method investees.
January 1, 2018
January 1, 2018
105
January 1, 2018
Effect on Financial Statements or
Other Significant Matters
The adoption of this guidance did not
have a significant impact on the
Company's financial position, results of
operations, or disclosures.
January 1, 2020
The adoption of this guidance did not
have a significant impact on the
Company's financial position, results of
operations, or disclosures.
January 1, 2018
The adoption of this guidance did not
have a significant impact on the
Company's financial position, results of
operations, or disclosures.
January 1, 2018
The adoption of this guidance did not
have a significant impact on the
Company's financial position, results of
operations, statements of cash flows,
or disclosures.
The adoption of this guidance did not
have a significant impact on the
Company's financial position, results of
operations, or disclosures.
The Company elected nature of
distribution for distributions received
from equity method investees. The
adoption of this guidance did not have
a significant impact on the Company's
financial position, statement of cash
flows, results of operations, or
disclosures.
Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data
Standard
Description
Date of Adoption
January 1, 2020
ASU 2016-13
Financial Instruments - Credit
Losses: Measurement of Credit
Losses on Financial Instruments
as clarified and amended by:
ASU 2019-04, Codification
Improvements to Topic 326,
Financial Instruments - Credit
Losses, Topic 815, Derivatives and
Hedging, and Topic 825, Financial
Instruments,
ASU 2019-05, Financial
Instruments - Credit Losses (Topic
326), Targeted Transition Relief
and
ASU 2019-11, Codification
Improvements to Topic 326,
Financial Instruments- Credit
Losses
In June 2016, the FASB issued amendments that
require a financial asset (or a group of financial
assets) measured at amortized cost to be
presented net of an allowance for credit losses
(Credit Losses ASU) in order to reflect the amount
expected to be collected on the financial asset(s).
The measurement of expected credit losses is
amended by replacing the incurred loss impairment
methodology with a methodology that reflects
expected credit losses and requires consideration
of a broader range of reasonable and supportable
information. Credit losses on available-for-sale debt
securities is measured in a manner similar to prior
U.S. GAAP; however, the amendments require that
credit losses be presented as an allowance rather
than as a write-down. Other amendments include
changes to the balance sheet presentation and
interest income recognition of purchased financial
assets with a more-than-insignificant credit
deterioration since origination (PCD financial
assets).
106
Effect on Financial Statements or
Other Significant Matters
The Company recorded a cumulative
effect adjustment with a decrease to
beginning 2020 retained earnings of $56
million, net of taxes. See Note 3 of the
Notes to the Consolidated Financial
Statements for credit loss disclosures.
The following line items in the
consolidated balance sheets were most
significantly impacted by the adoption of
the new accounting standard:
• Fixed maturity securities held to
maturity, at amortized cost
• Commercial mortgage and other
loans
• Reinsurance recoverable, included
within Other assets
Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data
Standard
Description
Date of Adoption
ASU 2016-02
Leases
as clarified and amended
by:
ASU 2018-01, Leases: Land
Easement Practical Expedient for
Transition to Topic 842,
ASU 2018-10, Codification
Improvements to Topic 842,
Leases,
ASU 2018-11, Leases, Targeted
Improvements, and
ASU 2018-20, Leases: Narrow-
Scope Improvements for Lessors
January 1, 2019
In February 2016, the FASB issued updated
guidance for accounting for leases (“Leases
Update”). Per the Leases Update, lessees are
required to recognize all leases on the balance sheet
with the exception of short-term leases. A lease
liability will be recorded for the obligation of a lessee
to make lease payments arising from a lease.
Leases will be classified as finance or operating, with
classification affecting the pattern and classification
of expense recognition in the income statement. The
Leases Update provided a number of optional
practical expedients. The Company elected the
"package of practical expedients," which permits the
Company not to reassess under the new standard its
prior conclusions about lease identification, lease
classification and initial direct costs. Under the
Leases Update, lessor accounting is unchanged.
In January 2018, an amendment was issued to the
Leases Update which provided an entity with the
option to elect a transition practical expedient to not
evaluate land easements that exist or expired before
the entity's adoption of the Leases Update and that
were not previously accounted for as leases.
In July 2018, the FASB issued two amendments to
the Leases Update which clarified, corrected errors
in, or made minor improvements to the Leases
Update and provided entities with an optional
transition method to adopt the Leases Update by
recording a cumulative-effect adjustment to
beginning retained earnings. Additionally, the
amendments provided lessors with a practical
expedient to not separate nonlease components
from associated lease components and instead
account for those components as a single
component under certain conditions.
In December 2018, an amendment to the Leases
Update was issued to clarify: 1) lessor accounting for
all sales (and other similar) taxes; 2) the handling of
certain lessor costs when the amount of those costs
is not readily determinable; and 3) lessor allocation
of certain variable payments to the lease and non-
lease components.
107
Effect on Financial Statements or
Other Significant Matters
The Company has operating and
finance leases for office space and
equipment. The Company elected the
short-term lease exemption for all
classes of leases which allows the
Company to not recognize right-of-use
assets and lease liabilities on the
consolidated balance sheet and allows
the Company to recognize the lease
expense for short-term leases on a
straight-line basis over the lease term.
The Company elected the practical
expedient to not separate lease and
non-lease components and applied it to
all classes of leases where the non-
lease components are not significant.
Some of the Company's leases include
options to extend or terminate the
lease and the lease terms may include
such options when it is reasonably
certain that the Company will exercise
that option. Certain leases also include
options to purchase the leased
property. The leases within scope of
the leases update increased the
Company's right-of-use assets and
lease liabilities recorded in its
beginning 2019 consolidated balance
sheet by $134 million.
As of January 1, 2019, the Company
did not have land easements, but has
elected the practical expedient as a
safe harbor.
The Company elected the optional
transition method and as a safe harbor,
the practical expedient provided to
lessors.
The Company has made an accounting
policy election to exclude amounts
collected from customers for all sales
(and other similar) taxes from the
transaction price.
The adoption of the Leases Update
and related amendments did not have
a significant impact on the Company's
financial position, results of operations,
or disclosures.
Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data
Standard
Description
Date of Adoption
ASU 2016-01
Financial Instruments - Overall:
Recognition and Measurement of
Financial Assets and Financial
Liabilities
January 1, 2018
In January 2016, the FASB issued guidance to
address certain aspects of recognition, measurement,
presentation, and disclosure of financial instruments.
The main provisions of this guidance require certain
equity investments to be measured at fair value with
changes in fair value recognized in net earnings;
separate presentation in other comprehensive income
for changes in fair value of financial liabilities
measured under the fair value option that are due to
instrument-specific credit risk; and changes in
disclosures associated with the fair value of financial
instruments. The guidance also clarifies that entities
should evaluate the need for a valuation allowance on
a deferred tax asset (DTA) related to available-for-
sale (AFS) securities in combination with the entity's
other DTAs.
108
Effect on Financial Statements or
Other Significant Matters
The Company recorded a cumulative
effect adjustment with an increase to
beginning 2018 retained earnings and
a decrease to beginning 2018 AOCI of
$148 million, net of taxes.
Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data
Accounting Pronouncements Pending Adoption
Standard
Description
ASU 2020-01
Clarifying the interactions between
Topic 321, Topic 323, and Topic
815
In January 2020, the FASB issued amendments clarifying that an entity should
consider observable transactions that require it to either apply or discontinue
the equity method of accounting for the purposes of applying the
measurement alternative in accordance with Topic 321 immediately before
applying or upon discontinuing the equity method.
Effect on Financial Statements or Other
Significant Matters
The adoption of this guidance is not
expected to have a significant impact on
the Company's financial position, results of
operations, or disclosures.
In addition, the amendments clarify that for the purpose of applying certain
derivative guidance in Topic 815, an entity should not consider whether, upon
the settlement of the forward contract or exercise of the purchased option,
individually or with existing investments, the underlying securities would be
accounted for under the equity method in Topic 323 or the fair value option in
accordance with the financial instruments guidance in Topic 825. An entity
also would evaluate the remaining characteristics in Topic 815 to determine
the accounting for those forward contracts and purchased options.
The amendments are effective for public business entities for fiscal years
beginning after December 15, 2020, and interim periods within those fiscal
years. Early adoption is permitted.
ASU 2018-12
Financial Services - Insurance,
Targeted Improvements to the
Accounting for Long-Duration
Contracts
as clarified and amended by:
ASU No. 2019-09, Financial
Services Insurance (Topic 944)-
Effective Date
In August 2018, the FASB issued amendments that will significantly change
how insurers account for long-duration contracts. The amendments will
change existing recognition, measurement, presentation, and disclosure
requirements. Issues addressed in the new guidance include: 1) a requirement
to review and, if there is a change, update assumptions for the liability for
future policy benefits at least annually, and to update the discount rate
assumption quarterly, 2) accounting for market risk benefits at fair value, 3)
simplified amortization for deferred acquisition costs, and 4) enhanced
financial statement presentation and disclosures.
ASU 2020-11
Financial Services - Insurance
(Topic 944): Effective Date and
Early Application
In November 2019, the FASB issued an amendment extending the effective
date for public business entities that meet the definition of an SEC filer,
excluding entities eligible to be small reporting companies as defined by the
SEC, by one year.
In November 2020, the FASB issued an amendment providing an additional
year deferral for all insurance entities due to the impact of COVID-19. The
amendments are now effective for the Company for fiscal years, and interim
periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2022. Early
application of the amendments is permitted.
The Company is thoroughly evaluating the
impact of adoption and expects that the
adoption will have a significant impact on
the Company’s financial position, results of
operations, and disclosures. The Company
anticipates that the requirement to update
assumptions for liability for future policy
benefits will have a significant impact on its
results of operations, systems, processes
and controls while the requirement to
update the discount rate will have a
significant impact on its equity. The
Company has no products with market risk
benefits. The Company does not expect to
early adopt the updated standard and has
selected a modified retrospective transition
method.
Recent accounting guidance not discussed above is not applicable, did not have, or is not expected to have a material impact to the Company's
business.
2. BUSINESS SEGMENT AND FOREIGN INFORMATION
The Company consists of two reportable insurance business segments: Aflac Japan and Aflac U.S., both of which sell supplemental health and life
insurance. In addition, operating business units that are not individually reportable and business activities, including reinsurance retrocession
activities, not included in Aflac Japan or Aflac U.S. are included in Corporate and other.
The Company does not allocate corporate overhead expenses to business segments. Consistent with U.S. GAAP accounting guidance for segment
reporting, the Company evaluates and manages its business segments using a financial performance measure called pretax adjusted earnings.
Adjusted earnings are adjusted revenues less benefits and
109
Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data
adjusted expenses. The adjustments to both revenues and expenses account for certain items that cannot be predicted or that are outside
management’s control. Adjusted revenues are U.S. GAAP total revenues excluding net investment gains and losses, except for amortized hedge
costs/income related to foreign currency exposure management strategies and net interest cash flows from derivatives associated with certain
investment strategies. Adjusted expenses are U.S. GAAP total acquisition and operating expenses including the impact of interest cash flows from
derivatives associated with notes payable but excluding any nonrecurring or other items not associated with the normal course of the Company’s
insurance operations and that do not reflect Aflac’s underlying business performance. The Company excludes income taxes related to operations to
arrive at pretax adjusted earnings. Information regarding operations by reportable segment and Corporate and other for the years ended
December 31 follows:
(In millions)
Revenues:
Aflac Japan:
Net earned premiums:
Cancer
Medical and other health
Life insurance
(1),(2)
Adjusted net investment income
Other income
Total adjusted revenue Aflac Japan
Aflac U.S.:
Net earned premiums:
Accident/disability
Cancer
Other health
Life insurance
(3)
Adjusted net investment income
Other income
Total adjusted revenue Aflac U.S.
(4)
Corporate and other
Total adjusted revenues
Net investment gains (losses)
Total revenues
(1),(2),(3),(4)
2020
2019
2018
$
$
6,119
3,596
2,955
2,659
42
15,371
2,614
1,275
1,571
298
705
102
6,565
384
22,320
(173)
22,147
$
$
6,031
3,582
3,159
2,496
45
15,313
2,665
1,309
1,548
286
720
22
6,550
393
22,256
51
22,307
$
$
5,849
3,516
3,397
2,403
41
15,206
2,611
1,311
1,508
278
727
8
6,443
339
21,988
(230)
21,758
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
Amortized hedge costs of $206, $257 and $236 in 2020, 2019 and 2018, respectively, related to certain foreign currency exposure management strategies
have been reclassified from net investment gains (losses) and reported as a deduction from net investment income when analyzing operations.
Net interest cash flows from derivatives associated with certain investment strategies of $9 and $(17) in 2020 and 2019, respectively, and an immaterial
amount in 2018, have been reclassified from net investment gains (losses) and included in adjusted earnings as a component of net investment income.
Net interest cash flows from derivatives associated with certain investment strategies of $3 in 2020 have been reclassified from net investment gains (losses)
and included in adjusted earnings as a component of net investment income.
Amortized hedge income of $97, $89 and $36 in 2020, 2019 and 2018, respectively, related to certain foreign currency exposure management strategies has
been reclassified from net investment gains (losses) and reported as an increase to net investment income when analyzing operations.
110
Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data
(In millions)
Pretax earnings:
(1),(2)
Aflac Japan
(3)
Aflac U.S.
Corporate and other
Pretax adjusted earnings
Net investment gains (losses)
Other income (loss)
Total earnings before income taxes
(4),(5)
(6)
(1),(2),(3),(4),(5)
Income taxes applicable to pretax adjusted earnings
Effect of foreign currency translation on after-tax
adjusted earnings
2020
2019
2018
$
$
$
3,263
1,268
(115)
4,416
(229)
(28)
4,159
864
31
$
$
$
3,261
1,272
(72)
4,461
(15)
(1)
4,445
1,147
15
$
$
$
3,208
1,285
(139)
4,354
(297)
(74)
3,983
1,129
28
(1)
Amortized hedge costs of $206, $257 and $236 in 2020, 2019 and 2018, respectively, related to certain foreign currency exposure management strategies
have been reclassified from net investment gains (losses) and reported as a deduction from net investment income when analyzing operations.
Net interest cash flows from derivatives associated with certain investment strategies of $9 and $(17) in 2020 and 2019, respectively, and an immaterial
amount in 2018, have been reclassified from net investment gains (losses) and included in adjusted earnings as a component of net investment income.
Net interest cash flows from derivatives associated with certain investment strategies of $3 in 2020 have been reclassified from net investment gains (losses)
and included in adjusted earnings as a component of net investment income.
Amortized hedge income of $97, $89 and $36 in 2020, 2019 and 2018, respectively, related to certain foreign currency exposure management strategies has
been reclassified from net investment gains (losses) and reported as an increase to net investment income when analyzing operations.
A gain of $56, $66 and $67 in 2020, 2019 and 2018, respectively, related to the interest rate component of the change in fair value of foreign currency swaps
on notes payable have been reclassified from net investment gains (losses) and included in adjusted earnings when analyzing operations.
Includes $167, $135 and $122 of interest expense on debt in 2020, 2019 and 2018, respectively.
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
Assets as of December 31 were as follows:
(In millions)
Assets:
Aflac Japan
Aflac U.S.
Corporate and other
Total assets
2020
2019
$
$
137,271
22,864
4,951
165,086
$
$
127,523
20,945
4,300
152,768
Yen-Translation Effects: The following table shows the yen/dollar exchange rates used for or during the periods ended December 31. Exchange
effects were calculated using the same yen/dollar exchange rate for the current year as for each respective prior year.
Statements of Earnings:
Weighted-average yen/dollar exchange rate
Yen percent strengthening (weakening)
Exchange effect on pretax adjusted earnings (in millions)
(1)
Balance Sheets:
Yen/dollar exchange rate at December 31
Yen percent strengthening (weakening)
Exchange effect on total assets (in millions)
Exchange effect on total liabilities (in millions)
(1)
2020
2019
2018
106.86
2.1 %
38
$
109.07
1.2 %
20
$
2020
103.50
5.9 %
7,970
7,870
$
110.39
1.6 %
38
2019
109.56
1.3 %
1,225
1,533
$
$
(1)
Rates are based on the published MUFG Bank, Ltd. telegraphic transfer middle rate (TTM)
111
Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data
Transfers of funds from Aflac Japan: Aflac Japan makes payments to the Parent Company for management fees, allocated expenses and
remittances of earnings. Prior to the Aflac Japan branch conversion on April 1, 2018, Aflac Japan paid allocated expenses and profit remittances to
Aflac U.S. Information on transfers for each of the years ended December 31 is shown below. See Note 13 for information concerning restrictions on
transfers from Aflac Japan.
(In millions)
Management fees
Allocated expenses
Profit remittances
Total transfers from Aflac Japan
2020
71
0
1,215
1,286
$
$
2019
75
4
2,070
2,149
$
$
2018
136
24
808
968
$
$
Property and Equipment: The costs of buildings, furniture and equipment are depreciated principally on a straight-line basis over their estimated
useful lives (maximum of 50 years for buildings and 20 years for furniture and equipment). Expenditures for maintenance and repairs are expensed
as incurred; expenditures for betterments are capitalized and depreciated. Classes of property and equipment as of December 31 were as follows:
(In millions)
Property and equipment:
Land
Buildings
Equipment and furniture
Total property and equipment
Less accumulated depreciation
Net property and equipment
2020
$
$
168
523
566
1,257
656
601
2019
$
$
168
473
549
1,190
609
581
Receivables: Receivables consist primarily of monthly insurance premiums due from individual policyholders or their employers for payroll
deduction of premiums, net of an allowance for doubtful accounts. At December 31, 2020, $201 million, or 25.2% of total receivables, were related to
Aflac Japan's operations, compared with $258 million, or 31.2%, at December 31, 2019.
3. INVESTMENTS
Net Investment Income
The components of net investment income for the years ended December 31 were as follows:
(In millions)
Fixed maturity securities
Equity securities
Commercial mortgage and other loans
Other investments
Short-term investments and cash equivalents
Gross investment income
Less investment expenses
Net investment income
2020
2019
2018
$
$
3,113
29
545
145
18
3,850
212
3,638
$
$
3,141
37
468
53
56
3,755
177
3,578
$
$
3,142
38
333
36
41
3,590
148
3,442
112
Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data
Investment Holdings
The amortized cost for the Company's investments in fixed maturity securities, the cost for equity securities and the fair values of these investments
at December 31 are shown in the following tables.
(In millions)
Securities available for sale, carried at fair
value through other comprehensive income:
Fixed maturity securities:
Yen-denominated:
Japan government and agencies
Municipalities
Mortgage- and asset-backed securities
Public utilities
Sovereign and supranational
Banks/financial institutions
Other corporate
Total yen-denominated
U.S. dollar-denominated:
U.S. government and agencies
Municipalities
Mortgage- and asset-backed securities
Public utilities
Sovereign and supranational
Banks/financial institutions
Other corporate
Total U.S. dollar-denominated
Total securities available for sale
Amortized
Cost
Allowance for
Credit Losses
2020
Gross
Unrealized
Gains
Gross
Unrealized
Losses
Fair
Value
0 $
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
38
38
38 $
4,182 $
374
27
1,096
108
886
1,747
8,420
16
173
8
947
64
758
4,385
6,351
14,771 $
52 $
5
1
1
0
102
37
198
0
2
5
15
3
7
251
283
481 $
37,089
1,693
368
5,872
1,089
8,336
9,824
64,271
261
1,325
670
4,945
293
3,724
30,393
41,611
105,882
$
$
32,959 $
1,324
342
4,777
981
7,552
8,114
56,049
245
1,154
667
4,013
232
2,973
26,297
35,581
91,630 $
113
Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data
(In millions)
Securities available for sale, carried at fair value
through other comprehensive income:
Fixed maturity securities:
Yen-denominated:
Japan government and agencies
Municipalities
Mortgage- and asset-backed securities
Public utilities
Sovereign and supranational
Banks/financial institutions
Other corporate
Total yen-denominated
U.S dollar-denominated:
U.S. government and agencies
Municipalities
Mortgage- and asset-backed securities
Public utilities
Sovereign and supranational
Banks/financial institutions
Other corporate
Total U.S. dollar-denominated
Total securities available for sale
Amortized
Cost
Gross
Unrealized
Gains
Gross
Unrealized
Losses
Fair
Value
2019
$
$
30,929
516
229
1,855
680
6,152
5,323
45,684
293
1,077
149
3,804
239
2,879
25,246
33,687
79,371
$
5,169
116
25
406
50
700
944
7,410
9
141
7
725
73
646
3,255
4,856
$ 12,266
2020
$
$
0
3
0
0
0
86
24
113
0
0
0
10
0
4
248
262
375
$
$
36,098
629
254
2,261
730
6,766
6,243
52,981
302
1,218
156
4,519
312
3,521
28,253
38,281
91,262
(In millions)
Securities held to maturity, carried at
amortized cost:
Fixed maturity securities:
Yen-denominated:
Japan government and agencies
Municipalities
Public utilities
Sovereign and supranational
Other corporate
Total yen-denominated
Total securities held to maturity
Amortized
Cost
Allowance for
Credit Losses
Net Carrying
Amount
Gross
Unrealized
Gains
Gross
Unrealized
Losses
Fair
Value
$
$
23,448 $
377
48
577
24
24,474
24,474 $
3 $
0
1
6
0
10
10
23,445 $
377
47
571
24
24,464
24,464 $
5,625 $
122
14
165
9
5,935
5,935 $
0 $
0
0
0
0
0
0 $
29,070
499
61
736
33
30,399
30,399
114
Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data
(In millions)
Securities held to maturity, carried at
amortized cost:
Fixed maturity securities:
Yen-denominated:
Japan government and agencies
Municipalities
Mortgage- and asset-backed securities
Public utilities
Sovereign and supranational
Banks/financial institutions
Other corporate
Total yen-denominated
Total securities held to maturity
(In millions)
Equity securities, carried at fair value through net earnings:
Equity securities:
Yen-denominated
U.S. dollar-denominated
Total equity securities
Amortized
Cost
Gross
Unrealized
Gains
Gross
Unrealized
Losses
Fair
Value
2019
$ 22,241
821
16
2,535
1,123
916
2,433
30,085
$ 30,085
$
$
6,050
262
1
419
197
105
485
7,519
7,519
$
$
0
0
0
0
0
3
7
10
10
$
$
28,291
1,083
17
2,954
1,320
1,018
2,911
37,594
37,594
2020
Fair Value
2019
Fair Value
$
$
680
603
1,283
$
$
658
144
802
The methods of determining the fair values of the Company's investments in fixed maturity securities and equity securities are described in Note 5.
During 2020, as a result of the adoption of ASU 2019-04 discussed in Note 1, the Company reclassified $6.9 billion (at amortized cost) of pre-
payable fixed-maturity securities from the held-to-maturity category to the available-for-sale category. This reclassification resulted in recording in
accumulated other comprehensive income a net unrealized gain of $848 million on an after-tax basis. During 2019 and 2018, the Company did not
reclassify any investments from the held-to-maturity category to the available-for-sale category.
115
Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data
Contractual and Economic Maturities
The contractual and economic maturities of the Company's investments in fixed maturity securities at December 31, 2020, were as follows:
(In millions)
Available for sale:
Due in one year or less
Due after one year through five years
Due after five years through 10 years
Due after 10 years
Mortgage- and asset-backed securities
Total fixed maturity securities available for sale
Held to maturity:
Due in one year or less
Due after one year through five years
Due after five years through 10 years
Due after 10 years
Mortgage- and asset-backed securities
Total fixed maturity securities held to maturity
(1)
Net of allowance for credit losses
Amortized
Cost
(1)
$
$
$
$
1,130
8,750
13,752
66,951
1,009
91,592
0
0
2,212
22,252
0
24,464
Fair
Value
1,125
9,020
15,945
78,754
1,038
105,882
0
0
2,594
27,805
0
30,399
$
$
$
$
Economic maturities are used for certain debt instruments with no stated maturity where the expected maturity date is based on the combination of
features in the financial instrument such as the right to call or prepay obligations or changes in coupon rates.
Investment Concentrations
The Company's process for investing in credit-related investments begins with an independent approach to underwriting each issuer's fundamental
credit quality. The Company evaluates independently those factors that it believes could influence an issuer's ability to make payments under the
contractual terms of the Company's instruments. This includes a thorough analysis of a variety of items including the issuer's country of domicile
(including political, legal, and financial considerations); the industry in which the issuer competes (with an analysis of industry structure, end-market
dynamics, and regulation); company specific issues (such as management, assets, earnings, cash generation, and capital needs); and contractual
provisions of the instrument (such as financial covenants and position in the capital structure). The Company further evaluates the investment
considering broad business and portfolio management objectives, including asset/liability needs, portfolio diversification, and expected income.
Investment exposures that individually exceeded 10% of shareholders' equity as of December 31 were as follows:
(In millions)
Japan National Government
(1)
Credit
Rating
A+
2020
Amortized
Cost
$55,153
Fair
Value
$64,657
Credit
Rating
A+
2019
Amortized
Cost
$51,726
Fair
Value
$62,584
(1)
Japan Government Bonds (JGBs) or JGB-backed securities
Net Investment Gains and Losses
Information regarding pretax net gains and losses from investments for the years ended December 31 follows:
116
Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data
(In millions)
Net investment gains (losses):
Sales and redemptions:
Fixed maturity securities available for sale:
Gross gains from sales
Gross losses from sales
Foreign currency gains (losses) on sales and redemptions
Total sales and redemptions
Equity securities
Loan loss reserves
Credit losses:
(1)
Fixed maturity securities available for sale
Fixed maturity securities held to maturity
Commercial mortgage and other loans
Loan commitments
Reinsurance recoverables and other
(2)
Total credit losses
Derivatives and other:
Derivative gains (losses)
Foreign currency gains (losses)
Total derivatives and other
Total net investment gains (losses)
2020
2019
2018
$
$
31
(47)
(69)
(85)
184
0
(75)
1
(103)
(21)
(2)
(200)
399
(568)
(169)
(270)
$
$
115
(68)
(16)
31
101
(18)
(13)
0
0
0
0
(13)
(174)
(62)
(236)
(135)
$
$
101
(156)
73
18
(131)
(19)
(64)
0
0
0
0
(64)
(224)
(10)
(234)
(430)
(1)
(2)
U.S. GAAP guidance adopted as of January 1, 2020 has superseded these losses, included for comparative purposes only
Includes other-than-temporary impairment losses for prior year
The unrealized holding gains, net of losses, recorded as a component of net investment gains and losses for the year ended December 31, 2020,
that relates to equity securities still held at the December 31, 2020, reporting date was $210 million.
Unrealized Investment Gains and Losses
Information regarding changes in unrealized gains and losses from investments recorded in AOCI for the years ended December 31 follows:
(In millions)
Changes in unrealized gains (losses):
Fixed maturity securities, available for sale
Total change in unrealized gains (losses)
Effect on Shareholders' Equity
2020
2019
2018
$
$
2,399
2,399
$
$
5,852
5,852
$
$
(3,142)
(3,142)
The net effect on shareholders' equity of unrealized gains and losses from fixed maturity securities at December 31 was as follows:
(In millions)
Unrealized gains (losses) on securities available for sale
Deferred income taxes
Shareholders’ equity, unrealized gains (losses) on fixed maturity securities
2020
14,290
(3,929)
10,361
$
$
2019
11,891
(3,343)
8,548
$
$
117
Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data
Gross Unrealized Loss Aging
The following tables show the fair values and gross unrealized losses of the Company's available-for-sale investments for the period ended
December 31, 2020 and available-for-sale and held-to-maturity investments for prior periods that were in an unrealized loss position, aggregated by
investment category and length of time that individual securities have been in a continuous unrealized loss position that were in an unrealized loss
position.
(In millions)
Fixed maturity securities available
for sale:
Japan government and
agencies:
Yen-denominated
Municipalities:
U.S. dollar-denominated
Yen-denominated
Mortgage- and asset-
backed securities:
U.S. dollar-denominated
Yen-denominated
Public utilities:
U.S. dollar-denominated
Yen-denominated
Sovereign and supranational:
U.S. dollar-denominated
Banks/financial institutions:
U.S. dollar-denominated
Yen-denominated
Other corporate:
U.S. dollar-denominated
Yen-denominated
Total
Total
Fair
Value
Unrealized
Losses
2020
Less than 12 months
Fair
Value
Unrealized
Losses
12 months or longer
Fair
Value
Unrealized
Losses
$
2,604
$
52
$
2,604
$
52
$
94
183
360
37
326
135
39
82
1,809
4,499
613
$ 10,781
$
2
5
5
1
15
1
3
7
102
251
37
481
118
94
169
360
37
208
135
39
44
765
2,157
290
6,902
$
$
2
4
5
1
7
1
3
1
36
59
13
184
$
0
0
14
0
0
118
0
0
38
1,044
2,342
323
3,879
$
$
0
0
1
0
0
8
0
0
6
66
192
24
297
Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data
(In millions)
Fixed maturity securities:
Municipalities:
Yen-denominated
Public utilities:
U.S. dollar-denominated
Banks/financial institutions:
U.S. dollar-denominated
Yen-denominated
Other corporate:
U.S. dollar-denominated
Yen-denominated
Total
Total
Fair
Value
Unrealized
Losses
2019
Less than 12 months
Fair
Value
Unrealized
Losses
12 months or longer
Fair
Value
Unrealized
Losses
$
80
$
306
79
1,828
4,261
636
7,190
$
$
3
10
4
89
248
31
385
$
$
80
69
18
1,828
792
636
3,423
$
$
3
2
0
89
53
31
178
$
0
$
237
61
0
0
8
4
0
3,469
0
3,767
$
195
0
207
$
Analysis of Securities in Unrealized Loss Positions
The unrealized losses on the Company's fixed maturity securities investments have been primarily related to general market changes in interest
rates, foreign exchange rates, and/or the levels of credit spreads rather than specific concerns with the issuer's ability to pay interest and repay
principal.
For any significant declines in fair value of its fixed maturity securities, the Company performs a more focused review of the related issuers' credit
profile. For corporate issuers, the Company evaluates their assets, business profile including industry dynamics and competitive positioning,
financial statements and other available financial data. For non-corporate issuers, the Company analyzes all sources of credit support, including
issuer-specific factors. The Company utilizes information available in the public domain and, for certain private placement issuers, from consultations
with the issuers directly. The Company also considers ratings from Nationally Recognized Statistical Rating Organizations (NRSROs), as well as the
specific characteristics of the security it owns including seniority in the issuer's capital structure, covenant protections, or other relevant features.
From these reviews, the Company evaluates the issuers' continued ability to service the Company's investment through payment of interest and
principal.
Assuming no credit-related factors develop, unrealized gains and losses on fixed maturity securities are expected to diminish as investments near
maturity. Based on its credit analysis, the Company believes that the issuers of its fixed maturity investments in the sectors shown in the table above
have the ability to service their obligations to the Company, and the Company does not intend to sell the investments and it is not more likely than
not that the Company will be required to sell the investments before recovery of their amortized cost bases, which may be at maturity.
However, the Company has identified certain available-for-sale fixed maturity securities where the amortized cost basis exceeds the present value of
the cash flows expected to be collected due to credit related factors and as a result, a credit allowance has been calculated. As of December 31,
2020, the Company held an allowance of $38 million. Refer to the Credit Losses section below for additional information.
Commercial Mortgage and Other Loans
The Company classifies its TREs, CMLs and MMLs as held-for-investment and includes them in the commercial mortgage and other loans line on
the consolidated balance sheets. The Company carries them on the balance sheet at amortized cost less an estimated allowance for credit losses.
The table below reflects the composition of the carrying value for commercial mortgage and other loans by property type as of December 31.
119
Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data
(In millions)
Commercial Mortgage and other loans
Transitional real estate loans:
Office
Retail
Apartments/Multi-Family
Industrial
Hospitality
Other
Total transitional real estate loans
Commercial mortgage loans:
Office
Retail
Apartments/Multi-Family
Industrial
Total commercial mortgage loans
Middle market loans
2020
2019
Amortized
Cost
% of Total
Amortized
Cost
% of Total
$
2,115
125
1,782
85
1,106
81
5,294
401
340
588
391
1,720
3,720
19.7 % $
1.2
16.6
.8
10.3
.7
49.3
3.7
3.2
5.5
3.6
16.0
34.7
100.0 % $
$
1,800
131
2,085
256
1,036
164
5,472
410
348
569
383
1,710
2,432
9,614
(45)
9,569
(1)
18.7 %
1.4
21.7
2.7
10.8
1.7
57.0
4.3
3.5
5.9
4.0
17.7
25.3
100.0 %
Total commercial mortgage and other loans
Allowance for credit losses
Total net commercial mortgage and other loans
$
$
10,734
(180)
10,554
(1)
U.S. GAAP guidance adopted as of January 1, 2020 has superseded these losses, included for comparative purposes only.
Commercial mortgage and transitional real estate loans were secured by properties entirely within the U.S. (with the largest concentrations in
California (21%), Texas (14%) and Florida (11%)). Middle market loans are issued only to companies domiciled within the U.S. and Canada.
Transitional Real Estate Loans
Transitional real estate loans are commercial mortgage loans that are typically relatively short-term floating rate instruments secured by a first lien on
the property. These loans provide funding for properties undergoing a change in their physical characteristics and/or economic profile and do not
typically require any principal repayment prior to the maturity date. This loan portfolio is generally considered to be investment grade. As of
December 31, 2020, the Company had $601 million in outstanding commitments to fund transitional real estate loans. These commitments are
contingent on the final underwriting and due diligence to be performed.
Commercial Mortgage Loans
Commercial mortgage loans are typically fixed rate loans on commercial real estate with partial repayment of principal over the life of the loan with
the remaining outstanding principal being repaid upon maturity. This loan portfolio is generally considered higher quality investment grade loans. As
of December 31, 2020, the Company had $32 million of outstanding commitments to fund commercial mortgage loans. These commitments are
contingent on the final underwriting and due diligence to be performed.
Middle Market Loans
Middle market loans are typically first lien senior secured cash flow loans to small to mid-size companies for working capital, refinancing, acquisition,
and recapitalization. These loans are generally considered to be below investment grade. The carrying value for middle market loans included $25
million and $99 million for a short term credit facility that is reflected in other liabilities on the consolidated balance sheets, as of December 31, 2020,
and 2019, respectively.
120
Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data
As of December 31, 2020, the Company had commitments of approximately $2.2 billion of which $2.0 billion was a result of a new agreement with
an external manager during the first quarter of 2020 to fund future middle market loans. These commitments are contingent upon the availability of
middle market loans that meet the Company's underwriting criteria.
Credit Quality Indicators
For TREs, the Company’s key credit quality indicator is loan-to-value (LTV). Given that TRE loans involve properties undergoing renovation or
construction, loan-to-value provides the most insight into the credit risk of the loan. The Company monitors the performance of the loans periodically,
but not less frequently than quarterly.
For CMLs, the Company’s key credit quality indicators include LTV and debt service coverage ratios (DSCR). LTV is calculated by dividing the
current outstanding loan balance by the most recent estimated property value. DSCR is the most recently available operating income of the
underlying property compared to the required debt service of the loan.
For MMLs and held-to-maturity fixed maturity securities, the Company’s key credit quality indicator is credit ratings. The Company’s held-to-maturity
portfolio is composed of investment grade securities that are senior unsecured instruments, while its MMLs generally have below-investment-grade
ratings but are typically senior secured instruments. The Company monitors the credit ratings periodically, but not less frequently than quarterly.
For the Company’s reinsurance recoverable balance, the key credit quality indicator is the credit rating of the Company’s reinsurance counterparty.
The Company uses external credit ratings focused on the reinsurer’s financial strength and credit worthiness. The Company's counterparties are
rated A+. The Company monitors the credit ratings periodically, but not less frequently than quarterly.
The following tables present as of December 31, 2020 the amortized cost basis of TREs, CMLs and MMLs by year of origination and credit quality
indicator.
(In millions)
Loan-to-Value Ratio:
0%-59.99%
60%-69.99%
70%-79.99%
80% or greater
Total
(In millions)
Loan-to-Value Ratio:
0%-59.99%
60%-69.99%
70%-79.99%
80% or greater
Total
Weighted Average DSCR
2020
Transitional Real Estate Loans
2019
2018
2017
2016
Prior
Total
$
$
79 $
214
84
26
403 $
670 $
857
754
0
397 $
722
673
0
2,281 $
1,792 $
159 $
372
224
0
755 $
20 $
0
14
0
34 $
29 $
0
0
0
29 $
1,354
2,165
1,749
26
5,294
Commercial Mortgage Loans
2020
2019
2018
2017
2016
Total
Weighted-
Average DSCR
$
$
31 $
31
0
0
62 $
2.00
400 $
223
33
0
656 $
2.52
121
100 $
70
0
0
170 $
2.21
69 $
0
0
0
69 $
2.58
554 $
161
22
26
763 $
2.27
1,154
485
55
26
1,720
2.59
1.94
1.76
1.66
2.37
Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data
Middle Market Loans
2020
2019
2018
2017
2016
Prior
$
$
36 $
269
483
95
0
8
891 $
71 $
247
615
89
0
0
1,022 $
51 $
211
325
97
0
18
702 $
33 $
93
219
89
39
0
473 $
4 $
37
127
31
3
0
202 $
Revolving
Loans
Total
0 $
15
23
27
0
0
65 $
20 $
90
170
84
1
0
365 $
215
962
1,962
512
43
26
3,720
(In millions)
Credit Ratings:
BBB
BB
B
CCC
CC
C and lower
Total
Allowance for Credit Losses
The Company calculates its allowance for credit losses for held-to-maturity fixed maturity securities, loan receivables, loan commitments and
reinsurance recoverable by grouping assets with similar risk characteristics when there is not a specific expectation of a loss for an individual asset.
For held-to-maturity fixed maturity securities, MMLs, and MML commitments, the Company groups assets by credit ratings, industry, and country.
The Company groups CMLs and TREs and respective loan commitments by property type, property location and the property’s loan-to-value and
debt service coverage ratios. The credit allowance for the reinsurance recoverable balance is estimated using a probability-of-default (PD) / loss-
given-default (LGD) method.
The credit allowance for held-to-maturity fixed maturity securities and loan receivables is estimated using a PD / LGD method, discounted for the
time value of money. For held-to-maturity fixed maturity securities, available-for-sale fixed maturity securities and loan receivables, the Company
includes the change in present value due to the passage of time in the change in the allowance for credit losses. The Company’s methodology for
estimating credit losses utilizes the contractual maturity date of the financial asset, adjusted when necessary to reflect the expected timing of
repayment (such as prepayment options, renewal options, call options, or extension options). The Company applies reasonable and supportable
forecasts of macroeconomic variables that impact the determination of PD/LGD over a two-year period for held-to-maturity fixed maturity securities
and MMLs. The Company reverts to historical loss information over one year, following the two-year forecast period. For the CML and TRE portfolio,
the Company applies reasonable and supportable forecasts of macroeconomic variables as well as national and local real-estate market factors to
estimate future credit losses where the market factors revert back to historical levels over time with the period being dependent on current market
conditions, projected market conditions and difference in the current and historical market levels for each factor. The Company continuously
monitors the estimation methodology, due to changes in portfolio composition, changes in underwriting practices and significant events or conditions
and makes adjustments as necessary.
The Company’s held-to-maturity fixed maturity portfolio includes Japan Government and Agency securities of $23.3 billion amortized cost as of
December 31, 2020 that meet the requirements for zero-credit-loss expectation and therefore these asset classes have been excluded from the
current expected credit loss measurement.
An investment in an available-for-sale fixed maturity security is impaired if the fair value falls below amortized cost. The Company regularly reviews
its fixed maturity security investments portfolio for declines in fair value. The Company's debt impairment model focuses on the ultimate collection of
the cash flows from its investments and whether the Company has the intent to sell or if it is more likely than not the Company would be required to
sell the security prior to recovery of its amortized cost. The determination of the amount of impairments under this model is based upon the
Company's periodic evaluation and assessment of known and inherent risks associated with the respective securities. Such evaluations and
assessments are revised as conditions change and new information becomes available.
When determining the Company's intention to sell a security prior to recovery of its fair value to amortized cost, the Company evaluates facts and
circumstances such as, but not limited to, future cash flow needs, decisions to reposition its security portfolio, and risk profile of individual investment
holdings. The Company performs ongoing analyses of its liquidity needs, which includes cash flow testing of its policy liabilities, debt maturities,
projected dividend payments, and other cash flow and liquidity needs.
The Company’s methodology for estimating credit losses for available-for-sale fixed maturity securities utilizes the discounted cash flow model,
based on past events, current market conditions and future economic conditions, as well as
122
Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data
industry analysis and credit ratings of the fixed maturity securities. In addition, the Company evaluates the specific issuer’s probability of default and
expected recovery of its position in the event of default based on the underlying financial condition and assets of the borrower as well as seniority
and/or security of other debt holders in the issuer when developing management’s best estimate of expected cash flows.
The Company granted certain loan modifications in its MML and TRE portfolios due to COVID-19 during the year ended December 31, 2020. As of
December 31, 2020 loan modifications did not have a material impact on the Company’s results of operations. The nature of the modifications varied
in scope and significance, but generally a small proportion of modifications qualified as TDR, which is a situation where a Company grants a
concession to a borrower that a Company would not otherwise have considered due to the borrower’s financial difficulties. Additionally, in
accordance with the FASB’s published response to a COVID-19 Pandemic technical inquiry, the Company continues to accrue interest income on
such loans that have deferred payment. The Company continues to evaluate loan modifications in its MML and TRE portfolios. As of December 31,
2020, the amortized cost of modified loans where Section 4013 of the CARES Act, as extended by the CAA, or the Interagency statement is
applicable was immaterial.
The Company had an immaterial amount of TDRs during the year ended December 31, 2020. The Company had no TDRs during 2019. For certain
TDRs, modifications resulted in write-offs for certain loans where the modified loan resulted in a forgiveness of existing principal and are included in
the rollforward of the allowance for credit losses below.
The Company designates nonaccrual status for a nonperforming debt security or a loan that is not generating its stated interest rate because of
nonpayment of periodic interest by the borrower. The Company applies the cash basis method to record any payments received on non-accrual
assets. The Company resumes the accrual of interest on fixed maturity securities and loans that are currently making contractual payments or for
those that are not current where the borrower has paid timely (less than 30 days outstanding).
As of December 31, 2020 and 2019, the Company had an immaterial amount (cost basis) of loans and fixed maturities on nonaccrual status.
The following table presents the roll forward of the allowance for credit losses by portfolio segment for the year ended December 31, 2020.
(In millions)
Balance at December 31, 2019
(1)
Transition impact to retained earnings
(Addition to) release of allowance for credit
losses
Write-offs, net of recoveries
Balance at December 31, 2020
Transitional Real
Estate Loans
Commercial
Mortgage Loans
Middle
Market
Loans
Held to
Maturity
Securities
Available for
Sale Securities
Reinsurance
Recoverables
$
$
(22) $
(2)
(39)
0
(63) $
(3) $
(8)
(21)
0
(32) $
(20) $
(33)
(41)
9
(85) $
0 $
(10)
0
0
(10) $
0 $
0
(75)
37
(38) $
0
(11)
(1)
0
(12)
(1)
U.S. GAAP guidance adopted as of January 1, 2020 has superseded these losses, included for comparative purposes only.
For assets that are subject to the credit loss measurement, the change in credit loss allowance will be significantly impacted by purchases and sales
in those assets during the period as well as entering into new non-cancelable loan commitments. During the first quarter of 2020, the Company
entered into a loan commitment with an external manager that met the requirements to recognize a credit loss on over $2.2 billion of loan
commitments over the next few years. The estimate of credit losses for loan commitments as of December 31, 2020 was $35 million.
123
Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data
Other Investments
The table below reflects the composition of the carrying value for other investments as of December 31.
(In millions)
Other investments:
Policy loans
Short-term investments
Limited partnerships
Other
(1)
Total other investments
(1)
Includes securities lending collateral
2020
2019
$
$
260
1,139
1,004
26
2,429
$
$
250
628
569
30
1,477
As of December 31, 2020, the Company had $1.6 billion in outstanding commitments to fund alternative investments in limited partnerships.
Variable Interest Entities (VIEs)
As a condition of its involvement or investment in a VIE, the Company enters into certain protective rights and covenants that preclude changes in
the structure of the VIE that would alter the creditworthiness of the Company's investment or its beneficial interest in the VIE.
For those VIEs other than certain unit trust structures, the Company's involvement is passive in nature. The Company has not, nor has it been,
required to purchase any securities issued in the future by these VIEs.
The Company's ownership interest in VIEs is limited to holding the obligations issued by them. The Company has no direct or contingent obligations
to fund the limited activities of these VIEs, nor does it have any direct or indirect financial guarantees related to the limited activities of these VIEs.
The Company has not provided any assistance or any other type of financing support to any of the VIEs it invests in, nor does it have any intention
to do so in the future. For those VIEs in which the Company holds debt obligations, the weighted-average lives of the Company's notes are very
similar to the underlying collateral held by these VIEs where applicable.
The Company's risk of loss related to its interests in any of its VIEs is limited to the carrying value of the related investments held in the VIE.
VIEs - Consolidated
The following table presents the cost or amortized cost, fair value and balance sheet caption in which the assets and liabilities of consolidated VIEs
are reported as of December 31.
124
Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data
Investments in Consolidated Variable Interest Entities
(In millions)
Assets:
Fixed maturity securities, available for sale
Commercial mortgage and other loans
(2)
Other investments
Other assets
(3)
Total assets of consolidated VIEs
Liabilities:
Other liabilities
(3)
Total liabilities of consolidated VIEs
(1)
(2)
(3)
Net of allowance for credit losses
Consists entirely of alternative investments in limited partnerships
Consists entirely of derivatives
2020
Amortized
Cost
(1)
Fair
Value
$
$
$
$
3,487
8,964
826
133
13,410
231
231
$
$
$
$
4,596
9,040
826
133
14,595
231
231
2019
Amortized
Cost
$
$
$
$
3,308
7,956
494
169
11,927
126
126
Fair
Value
$
$
$
$
4,312
8,015
494
169
12,990
126
126
The Company is substantively the only investor in the consolidated VIEs listed in the table above. As the sole investor in these VIEs, the Company
has the power to direct the activities of a variable interest entity that most significantly impact the entity's economic performance and is therefore
considered to be the primary beneficiary of the VIEs that it consolidates. The Company also participates in substantially all of the variability created
by these VIEs. The activities of these VIEs are limited to holding invested assets and foreign currency swaps, as appropriate, and utilizing the cash
flows from these securities to service its investment. Neither the Company nor any of its creditors are able to obtain the underlying collateral of the
VIEs unless there is an event of default or other specified event. For those VIEs that contain a swap, the Company is not a direct counterparty to the
swap contracts and has no control over them. The Company's loss exposure to these VIEs is limited to its original investment. The Company's
consolidated VIEs do not rely on outside or ongoing sources of funding to support their activities beyond the underlying collateral and swap
contracts, if applicable. With the exception of its investment in unit trust structures, the underlying collateral assets and funding of the Company's
consolidated VIEs are generally static in nature.
Investments in Unit Trust Structures
The Company also utilizes unit trust structures in its Aflac Japan segment to invest in various asset classes. As the sole investor of these VIEs, the
Company is required to consolidate these trusts under U.S. GAAP.
VIEs - Not Consolidated
The table below reflects the amortized cost, fair value and balance sheet caption in which the Company's investment in VIEs not consolidated are
reported as of December 31.
Investments in Variable Interest Entities Not Consolidated
(In millions)
Assets:
Fixed maturity securities, available for sale
Fixed maturity securities, held to maturity
(1)
Other investments
Total investments in VIEs not consolidated
(1)
Consists entirely of alternative investments in limited partnerships
2020
2019
Amortized
Cost
$
$
5,477
0
178
5,655
Fair
Value
$
$
6,767
0
178
6,945
Amortized
Cost
$
$
4,129
1,848
75
6,052
Fair
Value
$
$
4,884
2,236
74
7,194
The Company holds alternative investments in limited partnerships that have been determined to be VIEs. These partnerships invest in private
equity and structured investments. The Company’s maximum exposure to loss on these investments is limited to the amount of its investment. The
Company is not the primary beneficiary of these VIEs and is
125
Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data
therefore not required to consolidate them. The Company classifies these investments as Other investments in the consolidated balance sheets.
Certain investments in VIEs that the Company is not required to consolidate are investments that are in the form of debt obligations from the VIEs
that are irrevocably and unconditionally guaranteed by their corporate parents or sponsors. These VIEs are the primary financing vehicles used by
their corporate sponsors to raise financing in the capital markets. The variable interests created by these VIEs are principally or solely a result of the
debt instruments issued by them. The Company does not have the power to direct the activities that most significantly impact the entity's economic
performance, nor does it have the obligation to absorb losses of the entity or the right to receive benefits from the entity. As such, the Company is
not the primary beneficiary of these VIEs and is therefore not required to consolidate them.
Securities Lending and Pledged Securities
The Company lends fixed maturity and public equity securities to financial institutions in short-term security-lending transactions. These short-term
security-lending arrangements increase investment income with minimal risk. The Company receives cash or other securities as collateral for such
loans. The Company's security lending policy requires that the fair value of the securities received as collateral be 102% or more of the fair value of
the loaned securities and that unrestricted cash received as collateral be 100% or more of the fair value of the loaned securities. The securities
loaned continue to be carried as investment assets on the Company's balance sheet during the terms of the loans and are not reported as sales. For
loans involving unrestricted cash or securities as collateral, the collateral is reported as an asset with a corresponding liability for the return of the
collateral. For loans where the Company receives as collateral securities that the Company is not permitted to sell or repledge, the collateral is not
reflected on the consolidated financial statements.
Details of collateral by loaned security type and remaining maturity of the agreements as of December 31 were as follows:
Securities Lending Transactions Accounted for as Secured Borrowings
Remaining Contractual Maturity of the Agreements
2020
Overnight
and
Continuous
(1)
Up to 30
days
Total
Overnight
and
Continuous
(1)
2019
Up to 30
days
Total
$
$
0 $
57
3
63
841
964 $
0 $
0
0
0
0
0 $
0 $
57
3
63
841
964 $
0 $
35
2
48
778
863 $
1,013 $
0
0
0
0
1,013 $
1,013
35
2
48
778
1,876
(In millions)
Securities lending transactions:
Fixed maturity securities:
Japan government and
agencies
Public utilities
Sovereign and supranational
Banks/financial institutions
Other corporate
Total borrowings
Gross amount of recognized liabilities for securities
lending transactions
$
964
$
1,876
(1)
The related loaned security, under the Company's Aflac U.S. securities lending program, can be returned to the Company at the transferee's discretion;
therefore, they are classified as Overnight and Continuous.
In connection with securities lending, in addition to cash collateral received, the Company received from counterparties securities collateral of $6,654
million and $4,759 million at December 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively, which may not be sold or re-pledged, unless the counterparty is in default.
Such securities collateral is not reflected on the consolidated financial statements.
The Company did not have any repurchase agreements or repurchase-to-maturity transactions outstanding as of December 31, 2020 and 2019,
respectively.
Certain fixed maturity securities can be pledged as collateral as part of derivative transactions, or pledged to support state deposit requirements on
certain investment programs. For additional information regarding pledged securities related to derivative transactions, see Note 4.
126
Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data
At December 31, 2020, debt securities with a fair value of $18 million were on deposit with regulatory authorities in the U.S. (including U.S.
territories). The Company retains ownership of all securities on deposit and receives the related investment income.
For general information regarding the Company's investment accounting policies, see Note 1.
4. DERIVATIVE INSTRUMENTS
The Company's freestanding derivative financial instruments have historically consisted of:
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
foreign currency forwards and options used in hedging foreign exchange risk on U.S. dollar-denominated investments in Aflac Japan's
portfolio
foreign currency forwards and options used to economically hedge certain portions of forecasted cash flows denominated in yen and hedge
the Company's long term exposure to a weakening yen
cross-currency interest rate swaps, also referred to as foreign currency swaps, associated with certain senior notes and subordinated
debentures
foreign currency swaps that are associated with VIE bond purchase commitments, and investments in special-purpose entities, including
VIEs where the Company is the primary beneficiary
interest rate swaps used to economically hedge interest rate fluctuations in certain variable-rate investments
interest rate swaptions used to hedge changes in the fair value associated with interest rate fluctuations for certain U.S. dollar-denominated
available-for-sale fixed-maturity securities
bond purchase commitments at the inception of investments in consolidated VIEs.
Some of the Company's derivatives are designated as cash flow hedges, fair value hedges or net investment hedges; however, other derivatives do
not qualify for hedge accounting or the Company elects not to designate them as accounting hedges.
Derivative Types
Foreign currency forwards and options are executed for the Aflac Japan segment in order to hedge the currency risk on the carrying value of certain
U.S. dollar-denominated investments. The average maturity of these forwards and options can change depending on factors such as market
conditions and types of investments being held. In situations where the maturity of the forwards and options is shorter than the underlying
investment being hedged, the Company may enter into new forwards and options near maturity of the existing derivative in order to continue
hedging the underlying investment. In forward transactions, Aflac Japan agrees with another party to buy a fixed amount of yen and sell a
corresponding amount of U.S. dollars at a specified future date. Aflac Japan also executes foreign currency option transactions in a collar strategy,
where Aflac Japan agrees with another party to simultaneously purchase put options and sell call options. In the purchased put transactions, Aflac
Japan obtains the option to buy a fixed amount of yen and sell a corresponding amount of U.S. dollars at a specified future date. In the sold call
transaction, Aflac Japan agrees to sell a fixed amount of yen and buy a corresponding amount of U.S. dollars at a specified future date. The
combination of purchasing the put option and selling the call option results in no net premium being paid (i.e. a costless or zero-cost collar). In the
first quarter of 2020, the Company reduced the size of the collar program by approximately $3 billion. In December 2020, the Company reduced the
total size of the forward and collar programs by approximately $5 billion and purchased foreign currency options to hedge approximately $5 billion of
U.S. dollar-denominated assets.
From time to time, the Company may also enter into foreign currency forwards and options to hedge the currency risk associated with the net
investment in Aflac Japan. In these forward transactions, Aflac agrees with another party to buy a fixed amount of U.S. dollars and sell a
corresponding amount of yen at a specified price at a specified future date. In the option transactions, the Company may use a combination of
foreign currency options to protect expected future cash flows by simultaneously purchasing yen put options (options that protect against a
weakening yen) and selling yen call options (options that limit participation in a strengthening yen). The combination of these two actions create a
zero-cost collar. Additionally, the Company enters into purchased options to hedge cash flows from the net investment in Aflac Japan.
The Company enters into foreign currency swaps pursuant to which it exchanges an initial principal amount in one currency for an initial principal
amount of another currency, with an agreement to re-exchange the principal amounts at a future date. There may also be periodic exchanges of
payments at specified intervals based on the agreed upon rates and
127
Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data
notional amounts. Foreign currency swaps are used primarily in the consolidated VIEs in the Company's Aflac Japan portfolio to convert foreign-
denominated cash flows to yen, the functional currency of Aflac Japan, in order to minimize cash flow fluctuations. The Company also uses foreign
currency swaps to economically convert certain of its U.S. dollar-denominated senior note and subordinated debenture principal and interest
obligations into yen-denominated obligations.
In order to reduce investment income volatility from its variable-rate investments, the Company enters into receive–fixed, pay–floating interest rate
swaps. These derivatives are cleared and settled through a central clearinghouse.
Swaptions are used to mitigate the adverse impact resulting from significant changes in the fair value of U.S. dollar-denominated available-for-sale
securities due to fluctuation in interest rates. In a payer swaption, the Company pays a premium to obtain the right, but not the obligation, to enter
into a swap contract where it will pay a fixed rate and receive a floating rate. Interest rate swaption collars are combinations of two swaption
positions. In order to maximize the efficiency of the collars while minimizing cost, a collar strategy is used whereby the Company purchases a long
payer swaption (the Company purchases an option that allows it to enter into a swap where the Company will pay the fixed rate and receive the
floating rate of the swap) and sells a short receiver swaption (the Company sells an option that provides the counterparty with the right to enter into a
swap where the Company will receive the fixed rate and pay the floating rate of the swap). The combination of purchasing the long payer swaption
and selling the short receiver swaption results in no net premium being paid (i.e. a costless or zero-cost collar).
Bond purchase commitments result from repackaged bond structures that are consolidated VIEs whereby there is a delay in the trade date and
settlement date of the bond within the structure to ensure completion of all necessary legal agreements to support the consolidated VIE that issues
the repackaged bond. Since the Company has a commitment to purchase the underlying bond at a specified price, the agreement meets the
definition of a derivative where the value is derived based on the current market value of the bond compared to the fixed purchase price to be paid
on the settlement date.
Derivative Balance Sheet Classification
The table below summarizes the balance sheet classification of the Company's derivative fair value amounts, as well as the gross asset and liability
fair value amounts, at December 31. The fair value amounts presented do not include income accruals. Derivative assets are included in “Other
Assets,” while derivative liabilities are included in “Other Liabilities” within the Company’s Consolidated Balance Sheets. The notional amount of
derivative contracts represents the basis upon which pay or receive amounts are calculated and are not reflective of exposure or credit risk.
128
Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data
(In millions)
Hedge Designation/ Derivative
Type
Cash flow hedges:
Foreign currency swaps - VIE
$
Total cash flow hedges
Fair value hedges:
Foreign currency forwards
Foreign currency options
Interest rate swaptions
Total fair value hedges
Net investment hedge:
Foreign currency forwards
Foreign currency options
Total net investment hedge
Non-qualifying strategies:
Foreign currency swaps
Foreign currency swaps - VIE
Foreign currency forwards
Foreign currency options
Interest rate swaps
Interest rate swaptions
Total non-qualifying
strategies
Total derivatives
Cash Flow Hedges
2020
Asset
Derivatives
Liability
Derivatives
Notional
Amount
Fair Value
Fair Value
Notional
Amount
2019
Asset
Derivatives
Liability
Derivatives
Fair Value
Fair Value
18
18
$
64
8,865
0
8,929
5,010
2,027
7,037
2,250
2,857
26,528
11,037
0
0
42,672
58,656
$
$
0
0
2
0
0
2
14
1
15
47
133
386
0
0
0
566
583
$
$
1
1
0
0
0
0
84
0
84
81
230
301
0
0
0
612
697
$
75
75
$
964
11,573
243
12,780
4,952
2,000
6,952
2,800
2,587
19,821
9,553
7,120
7
41,888
$ 61,695
$
0
0
0
0
0
0
72
0
72
72
169
166
0
3
0
410
482
$
$
8
8
38
5
0
43
2
0
2
78
118
337
0
0
0
533
586
For certain variable-rate U.S. dollar-denominated available-for-sale securities held by Aflac Japan via consolidated VIEs, foreign currency swaps are
used to swap the USD variable rate interest and principal payments to fixed rate JPY interest and principal payments. The Company has designated
foreign currency swaps as a hedge of the variability in cash flows of a forecasted transaction or of amounts to be received or paid related to a
recognized asset (“cash flow” hedge). The remaining maximum length of time for which these cash flows are hedged is six years. The derivatives in
the Company's consolidated VIEs that are not designated as accounting hedges are discussed in the "non-qualifying strategies" section of this note.
Fair Value Hedges
The Company designates and accounts for certain foreign currency forwards, options, and interest rate swaptions as fair value hedges when they
meet the requirements for hedge accounting. The Company recognizes gains and losses on these derivatives as well as the offsetting gain or loss
on the related hedged items in current earnings.
Foreign currency forwards and options hedge the foreign currency exposure of certain U.S. dollar-denominated available-for-sale fixed-maturity
investments held in Aflac Japan. The change in the fair value of the foreign currency forwards related to the changes in the difference between the
spot rate and the forward price is excluded from the assessment of hedge effectiveness. The change in fair value of the foreign currency option
related to the time value of the option is recognized in current earnings and is excluded from the assessment of hedge effectiveness.
Interest rate swaptions hedge the interest rate exposure of certain U.S. dollar-denominated available-for-sale securities held in Aflac Japan. For
these hedging relationships, the Company excludes time value from the assessment of hedge effectiveness and recognizes changes in the intrinsic
value of the swaptions in current earnings within net investment
129
Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data
income. The change in the time value of the swaptions is recognized in other comprehensive income (loss) and amortized into earnings (net
investment income) over its legal term.
The following table presents the gains and losses on derivatives and the related hedged items in fair value hedges for the years ended December
31.
Fair Value Hedging Relationships
(In millions)
Hedging Derivatives
Hedged Items
Total
Gains
(Losses)
Hedging Derivatives
Gains (Losses)
Excluded from
Effectiveness
Testing
(1)
Gains (Losses)
Included in
Effectiveness
Testing
(2)
Hedged Items
Gains
(Losses)
(2)
Net Investment
Gains (Losses)
Recognized for
Fair Value Hedge
2020:
Foreign currency
forwards
Foreign currency
options
Total gains (losses)
2019:
Foreign currency forwards Fixed maturity securities
Foreign currency options Fixed maturity securities
Interest rate
swaptions
Total gains (losses)
Fixed maturity securities
2018:
Fixed maturity and equity
securities
Foreign currency forwards
Foreign currency options Fixed maturity securities
Interest rate
swaptions
Total gains (losses)
Fixed maturity securities
$
$
$
$
$
Fixed maturity securities
$
(14) $
Fixed maturity securities
(9)
(23) $
(8) $
(8)
(16) $
(6) $
(1)
(7) $
(50) $
(64) $
14 $
(7)
(9)
(7)
(9)
0
0
(66) $
(80) $
14 $
126 $
4
(1)
129 $
(104) $
4
(1)
(101) $
230 $
0
0
230 $
7 $
1
8 $
(12) $
0
0
(12) $
(242) $
0
0
(242) $
1
0
1
2
0
0
2
(12)
0
0
(12)
(1)
(2)
Gains (losses) excluded from effectiveness testing includes the forward point on foreign currency forwards and time value change on foreign currency options
which are reported in the consolidated statement of earnings as realized investment gains (losses). It also includes the change in the fair value of the interest
rate swaptions related to the time value of the swaptions which is recognized as a component of other comprehensive income (loss).
Gains and losses on foreign currency forwards and options and related hedged items are reported in the consolidated statement of earnings as net
investment gains (losses). For interest rate swaptions and related hedged items, gains and losses included in the hedge assessment, premium amortization
and time value amortization while the hedge items are still outstanding are reported within net investment income. The time value gains and losses for interest
rate swaptions when the related hedged items are redeemed are reported in net investment gains and losses consistent with the impact of the hedged item.
For the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019, gains and losses included in the hedge assessment on interest rate swaptions and related hedged items
were immaterial.
130
Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data
The following table shows the carrying amounts of assets designated and qualifying as hedged items in fair value hedges of interest rate risk and the
related cumulative hedge adjustment included in the carrying amount as of December 31.
(In millions)
Carrying Amount of the Hedged
Assets/(Liabilities)
(1)
2020
2019
Cumulative Amount of Fair Value Hedging
Adjustment Included in the Carrying
Amount of Hedged Assets/(Liabilities)
2020
2019
Fixed maturity securities
$
4,331
$
4,633
$
237
$
256
(1)
The balance includes hedging adjustment on discontinued hedging relationships of $237 in 2020 and $256 in 2019.
The total notional amount of the Company's interest rate swaptions was $0 in 2020 and $243 in 2019. The hedging adjustment related to these derivatives was
immaterial.
Net Investment Hedge
The Company's investment in Aflac Japan is affected by changes in the yen/dollar exchange rate. To mitigate this exposure, the Parent Company's
yen-denominated liabilities (see Note 9) have been designated as non-derivative hedges. Beginning in July 2019, certain foreign currency forwards
and options were designated as derivative hedges of the foreign currency exposure of the Company's net investment in Aflac Japan.
The Company's net investment hedge was effective during the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018.
Non-qualifying Strategies
For the Company's derivative instruments in consolidated VIEs that do not qualify for hedge accounting treatment, all changes in their fair value are
reported in current period earnings within net investment gains (losses). The amount of gain or loss recognized in earnings for the Company's VIEs
is attributable to the derivatives in those investment structures. While the change in value of the swaps is recorded through current period earnings,
the change in value of the available-for-sale fixed maturity securities associated with these swaps is recorded through other comprehensive income.
As of December 31, 2020, the Parent Company had $2.3 billion notional amount of cross-currency interest rate swap agreements related to certain
of its U.S. dollar-denominated senior notes to effectively convert a portion of the interest on the notes from U.S dollar to Japanese yen. Changes in
the values of these swaps are recorded through current period earnings. For additional information regarding these swaps, see Note 9.
The Company uses foreign exchange forwards and options to economically mitigate the currency risk of some of its U.S. dollar-denominated loan
receivables held within the Aflac Japan segment. These arrangements are not designated as accounting hedges, as the foreign currency
remeasurement of the loan receivables impacts current period earnings, and generally offsets gains and losses from foreign exchange forwards
within net investment gains (losses). The Company also has certain foreign exchange forwards on U.S. dollar-denominated available-for-sale
securities where hedge accounting is not being applied.
Prior to July 2019, in order to economically mitigate currency risk of future yen dividends from Aflac Japan while lowering consolidated hedge costs
associated with Aflac Japan's U.S. dollar investment hedging, the Parent Company entered into offsetting hedge positions using foreign exchange
forwards. This activity is reported in the Corporate and other segment. As of July 1, 2019, the Parent Company designates these foreign exchange
forward contracts as accounting hedges of its net investment in Aflac Japan.
The Company uses interest rate swaps to economically convert the variable rate investment income to a fixed rate on certain variable-rate
investments.
131
Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data
The following table summarizes the impact to earnings and other comprehensive income (loss) from all derivatives and hedging instruments for the
years ended December 31.
Impact of Derivatives and Hedging Instruments
2020
Net
Investment
Gains
(Losses)
Net
Investment
Income
(1)
Other
Comprehensive
Income (Loss)
(2)
Net
Investment
Income
(1)
2019
Net
Investment
Gains
(Losses)
Other
Comprehensive
Income (Loss)
(2)
Net
Investment
Income
(1)
2018
Net
Investment
Gains
(Losses)
Other
Comprehensive
Income (Loss)
(2)
$
(1)
(1)
$
0
0
(3)
$
(2)
(2)
$
(2)
(2)
$
(1)
(1)
(3)
$
(4)
(4)
$
0
0
$
0
0
(3)
$
3
3
(1)
(1)
1
1
(135)
(282)
0
(417)
(1)
(1)
(7)
(8)
0
(15)
0
149
(5)
144
29
(122)
311
(3)
49
6
$
(2)
270
$ 399
$
(418)
$
(3)
(62)
(7)
0
(69)
0
10
(4)
6
90
(68)
(148)
0
17
0
(110)
$ (174)
0
0
(8)
(8)
(24)
83
0
59
(1)
(1)
(32)
0
(8)
(40)
(116)
4
0
(112)
0
0
0
0
(40)
60
(135)
0
3
0
$
47
$
0
(112)
$ (224)
$
(38)
(3)
(3)
(In millions)
Qualifying hedges:
Cash flow hedges:
Foreign currency
swaps - VIE
Total cash flow hedges
Fair value hedges:
Foreign currency
forwards
(3)
Foreign currency
options
Interest rate
swaptions
Total fair value hedges
Net investment hedge:
Non-derivative
hedging
instruments
Foreign currency
forwards
Foreign currency
options
Total net investment
hedge
Non-qualifying
strategies:
Foreign currency
swaps
Foreign currency
swaps - VIE
Foreign currency
forwards
Foreign currency
options
Interest rate swaps
Forward bond
purchase
commitment - VIE
Total non-qualifying
strategies
Total
(1)
(2)
(3)
Interest expense/income on cash flow hedges are recorded in net investment income. For interest rate swaptions classified as fair value hedges, the change in the time
value of the swaptions is recognized in other comprehensive income (loss) and amortized into net investment income over its legal term. If the swaption is early terminated
but the hedge item is still outstanding, the amortization of disposal amount of the swaptions is recorded in net investment income over the remaining life of the hedged items.
Gains and losses on cash flow hedges and the change in the fair value of interest rate swaptions related to the time value of the swaptions in fair value hedges are recorded
as unrealized gains (losses). Gains and losses on net investment hedges related to change in foreign currency spot rates are recorded in the unrealized foreign currency
translation gains (losses) line in the consolidated statement of comprehensive income (loss).
Impact of cash flow hedges reported as net investment gains (losses) includes an immaterial amount of gains or losses reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive
income (loss) into earnings. It also includes an immaterial amount excluded from effectiveness testing during the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018,
respectively. Impact shown net of effect of hedged items (see Fair Value Hedges section of this Note 4 for further detail)
132
Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data
As of December 31, 2020, $5 million of deferred losses on derivative instruments recorded in accumulated other comprehensive income are
expected to be reclassified into earnings during the next twelve months.
Credit Risk Assumed through Derivatives
For the foreign currency and credit default swaps associated with the Company's VIE investments for which it is the primary beneficiary, the
Company bears the risk of loss due to counterparty default even though it is not a direct counterparty to those contracts.
The Company is a direct counterparty to the foreign currency swaps that it has entered into in connection with certain of its senior notes and
subordinated debentures; foreign currency forwards; and foreign currency options, and therefore the Company is exposed to credit risk in the event
of nonperformance by the counterparties in those contracts. The risk of counterparty default for the Company's foreign currency swaps, certain
foreign currency forwards, and foreign currency options is mitigated by collateral posting requirements that counterparties to those transactions must
meet.
As of December 31, 2020, all of the Company's derivative agreement counterparties were investment grade.
The Company engages in over-the-counter (OTC) bilateral derivative transactions directly with unaffiliated third parties under International Swaps
and Derivatives Association, Inc. (ISDA) agreements and other documentation. Most of the ISDA agreements also include Credit Support Annexes
(CSAs) provisions, which generally provide for two-way collateral postings at the first dollar of exposure. The Company mitigates the risk that
counterparties to transactions might be unable to fulfill their contractual obligations by monitoring counterparty credit exposure and collateral value
while generally requiring that collateral be posted at the outset of the transaction. In addition, a significant portion of the derivative transactions have
provisions that give the counterparty the right to terminate the transaction upon a downgrade of Aflac’s financial strength rating. The actual amount
of payments that the Company could be required to make depends on market conditions, the fair value of outstanding affected transactions, and
other factors prevailing at and after the time of the downgrade.
The Company also engages in OTC cleared derivative transactions through regulated central clearing counterparties. These positions are marked to
market and margined on a daily basis (both initial margin and variation margin), and the Company has minimal exposure to credit-related losses in
the event of nonperformance by counterparties to these derivatives.
Collateral posted by the Company to third parties for derivative transactions can generally be repledged or resold by the counterparties. The
aggregate fair value of all derivative instruments with credit-risk-related contingent features that were in a net liability position by counterparty was
approximately $268 million and $301 million as of December 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively. If the credit-risk-related contingent features underlying
these agreements had been triggered on December 31, 2020, the Company estimates that it would be required to post a maximum of $156 million of
additional collateral to these derivative counterparties. The Company is generally allowed to sell or repledge collateral obtained from its derivative
counterparties, although it does not typically exercise such rights. (See the Offsetting tables below for collateral posted or received as of the reported
balance sheet dates.)
Offsetting of Financial Instruments and Derivatives
Most of the Company's derivative instruments are subject to enforceable master netting arrangements that provide for the net settlement of all
derivative contracts between the Parent Company or its subsidiaries and the respective counterparty in the event of default or upon the occurrence
of certain termination events. Collateral support agreements with the master netting arrangements generally provide that the Company will receive or
pledge financial collateral at the first dollar of exposure.
The Company has securities lending agreements with unaffiliated financial institutions that post collateral to the Company in return for the use of its
fixed maturity and public equity securities (see Note 3). When the Company has entered into securities lending agreements with the same
counterparty, the agreements generally provide for net settlement in the event of default by the counterparty. This right of set-off allows the
Company to keep and apply collateral received if the counterparty failed to return the securities borrowed from the Company as contractually
agreed. For additional information on the Company's accounting policy for securities lending, see Note 1.
The tables below summarize the Company's derivatives and securities lending transactions as of December 31, and as reflected in the tables, in
accordance with U.S. GAAP, the Company's policy is to not offset these financial instruments in the Consolidated Balance Sheets.
133
Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data
Offsetting of Financial Assets and Derivative Assets
2020
Net Amount of
Assets
Presented
in Balance
Sheet
Gross Amounts Not Offset
in Balance Sheet
Financial
Instruments
Securities
Collateral
Cash
Collateral
Received
Net
Amount
Gross Amount
of Recognized
Assets
Gross Amount
Offset in
Balance Sheet
$
450
$
0
$
450
$
(295)
$
(73)
$
(76)
$
6
450
0
450
(295)
(73)
(76)
6
133
133
583
940
1,523
$
$
133
133
583
940
1,523
$
$
134
0
0
0
133
133
139
(76)
(940)
$ (1,016)
0
139
$
(295)
0
(295)
$
(73)
0
(73)
(In millions)
Derivative
assets:
Derivative
assets subject to a
master netting
agreement or
offsetting
arrangement
OTC - bilateral
Total derivative
assets subject to a
master netting
agreement or
offsetting
arrangement
Derivative
assets not subject
to a master netting
agreement or
offsetting
arrangement
OTC - bilateral
Total derivative
assets not subject
to a master netting
agreement or
offsetting
arrangement
Total derivative
assets
Securities lending
and similar
arrangements
Total
Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data
(In millions)
Derivative
assets:
Derivative
assets subject to a
master netting
agreement or
offsetting
arrangement
OTC - bilateral
OTC - cleared
Total derivative
assets subject to a
master netting
agreement or
offsetting
arrangement
Derivative
assets not subject
to a master netting
agreement or
offsetting
arrangement
OTC - bilateral
Total derivative
assets not subject
to a master netting
agreement or
offsetting
arrangement
Total derivative
assets
Securities lending
and similar
arrangements
Total
$
310
3
$
313
169
169
482
1,860
2,342
$
$
0
0
0
0
0
0
2019
Gross Amounts Not Offset
in Balance Sheet
Gross Amount
of Recognized
Assets
Gross Amount
Offset in
Balance Sheet
Net Amount of
Assets
Presented in
Balance Sheet
Financial
Instruments
Securities
Collateral
Cash
Collateral
Received
Net
Amount
$
310
3
$
(190)
0
$
(7)
0
$
(113)
0
$
313
(190)
(7)
(113)
0
3
3
169
169
172
(113)
(1,860)
$ (1,973)
0
172
$
169
169
482
1,860
2,342
$
$
135
(190)
0
(190)
$
(7)
0
(7)
Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data
Offsetting of Financial Liabilities and Derivative Liabilities
2020
Gross Amounts Not Offset
in Balance Sheet
Gross Amount
of Recognized
Liabilities
Gross Amount
Offset in
Balance Sheet
Net Amount of
Liabilities
Presented in
Balance Sheet
Financial
Instruments
Securities
Collateral
Cash
Collateral
Pledged
Net
Amount
$
466
$
0
$
466
$
(295)
$
(43)
$
(69)
$
59
466
0
466
(295)
(43)
(69)
59
231
231
697
964
1,661
$
$
231
231
697
(295)
964
1,661
$
(940)
(1,235)
$
$
136
0
0
0
231
231
290
24
314
$
(43)
0
(43)
(69)
0
(69)
$
(In millions)
Derivative
liabilities:
Derivative
liabilities subject
to a master netting
agreement or
offsetting
arrangement
OTC - bilateral
Total derivative
liabilities subject
to a master netting
agreement or
offsetting
arrangement
Derivative
liabilities not
subject to a
master netting
agreement or
offsetting
arrangement
OTC - bilateral
Total derivative
liabilities not
subject to a
master netting
agreement or
offsetting
arrangement
Total derivative
liabilities
Securities lending
and similar
arrangements
Total
Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data
2019
Gross Amounts Not Offset
in Balance Sheet
Gross Amount
of Recognized
Liabilities
Gross Amount
Offset in
Balance Sheet
Net Amount of
Liabilities
Presented in
Balance Sheet
Financial
Instruments
Securities
Collateral
Cash
Collateral
Pledged
Net
Amount
$
459
1
$
460
126
126
586
1,876
2,462
$
$
0
0
0
0
0
0
$
459
1
$
(190)
0
$
(222)
0
$
(32)
(1)
$
15
0
460
(190)
(222)
(33)
15
126
126
586
(190)
1,876
2,462
$
(1,860)
(2,050)
$
$
(222)
0
(222)
(33)
0
(33)
$
126
126
141
16
157
$
(In millions)
Derivative
liabilities:
Derivative
liabilities subject
to a master netting
agreement or
offsetting
arrangement
OTC - bilateral
OTC - cleared
Total derivative
liabilities subject
to a master netting
agreement or
offsetting
arrangement
Derivative
liabilities not
subject to a
master netting
agreement or
offsetting
arrangement
OTC - bilateral
Total derivative
liabilities not
subject to a
master netting
agreement or
offsetting
arrangement
Total derivative
liabilities
Securities lending
and similar
arrangements
Total
For additional information on the Company's financial instruments, see the accompanying Notes 1, 3 and 5.
5. FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS
Fair Value Hierarchy
U.S. GAAP specifies a hierarchy of valuation techniques based on whether the inputs to those valuation techniques are observable or unobservable.
These two types of inputs create three valuation hierarchy levels. Level 1 valuations reflect quoted market prices for identical assets or liabilities in
active markets. Level 2 valuations reflect quoted market prices for similar assets or liabilities in an active market, quoted market prices for identical
or similar assets or liabilities in non-active markets or model-derived valuations in which all significant valuation inputs are observable in active
markets. Level 3 valuations reflect valuations in which one or more of the significant inputs are not observable in an active market.
The following tables present the fair value hierarchy levels of the Company's assets and liabilities that are measured and carried at fair value on a
recurring basis as of December 31.
137
Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data
(In millions)
Assets:
Securities available for sale, carried at
fair value:
Fixed maturity securities:
Government and agencies
Municipalities
Mortgage- and asset-backed securities
Public utilities
Sovereign and supranational
Banks/financial institutions
Other corporate
Total fixed maturity securities
Equity securities
Other investments
Cash and cash equivalents
Other assets:
Foreign currency swaps
Foreign currency forwards
Foreign currency options
Total other assets
Total assets
Liabilities:
Other liabilities:
Foreign currency swaps
Foreign currency forwards
Total liabilities
2020
Quoted Prices in
Active Markets
for Identical
Assets
(Level 1)
Significant
Observable
Inputs
(Level 2)
Significant
Unobservable
Inputs
(Level 3)
Total
Fair
Value
$
$
$
$
36,032
0
0
0
0
0
0
36,032
1,095
1,139
5,141
0
0
0
0
43,407
0
0
0
138
$
$
$
$
1,318
3,018
814
10,395
1,334
12,036
39,918
68,833
86
0
0
47
402
1
450
69,369
81
385
466
$
$
$
$
0
0
224
422
48
24
299
1,017
102
0
0
133
0
0
133
1,252
231
0
231
$
37,350
3,018
1,038
10,817
1,382
12,060
40,217
105,882
1,283
1,139
5,141
180
402
1
583
$ 114,028
$
$
312
385
697
Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data
(In millions)
Assets:
Securities available for sale, carried at
fair value:
Fixed maturity securities:
Government and agencies
Municipalities
Mortgage- and asset-backed securities
Public utilities
Sovereign and supranational
Banks/financial institutions
Other corporate
Total fixed maturity securities
Equity securities
Other investments
Cash and cash equivalents
Other assets:
Foreign currency swaps
Foreign currency forwards
Interest rate swaps
Total other assets
Total assets
Liabilities:
Other liabilities:
Foreign currency swaps
Foreign currency forwards
Foreign currency options
Total liabilities
2019
Quoted Prices in
Active Markets
for Identical
Assets
(Level 1)
Significant
Observable
Inputs
(Level 2)
Significant
Unobservable
Inputs
(Level 3)
Total
Fair
Value
$
$
$
$
1,522
1,847
232
6,556
1,042
10,264
34,234
55,697
80
0
0
72
238
3
313
56,090
78
377
5
460
$
$
$
$
0
0
178
224
0
23
262
687
80
0
0
169
0
0
169
936
126
0
0
126
$
$
$
$
36,400
1,847
410
6,780
1,042
10,287
34,496
91,262
802
628
4,896
241
238
3
482
98,070
204
377
5
586
$ 34,878
0
0
0
0
0
0
34,878
642
628
4,896
0
0
0
0
$ 41,044
$
$
0
0
0
0
139
Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data
The following tables present the carrying amount and fair value categorized by fair value hierarchy level for the Company's financial instruments that
are not carried at fair value as of December 31.
(In millions)
Assets:
Securities held to maturity,
carried at amortized cost:
Fixed maturity securities:
Government and agencies
Municipalities
Public utilities
Sovereign and
supranational
Other corporate
Commercial mortgage and
other loans
Other investments
Total assets
(1)
Liabilities:
Other policyholders’ funds
Notes payable
(excluding leases)
Total liabilities
Quoted Prices in
Active Markets
for Identical
Assets
(Level 1)
Carrying
Value
2020
Significant
Observable
Inputs
(Level 2)
Significant
Unobservable
Inputs
(Level 3)
Total
Fair
Value
$
$
$
$
23,445
377
47
571
24
10,554
26
35,044
7,824
7,745
15,569
$
$
$
$
28,810
0
0
0
0
0
0
28,810
0
0
0
$
$
$
$
260
499
61
736
33
0
26
1,615
0
8,396
8,396
$
$
$
$
0
0
0
0
0
10,655
0
10,655
7,709
288
7,997
$
$
$
$
29,070
499
61
736
33
10,655
26
41,080
7,709
8,684
16,393
(1)
Excludes policy loans of $260 and equity method investments of $1,004, at carrying value
140
Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data
(In millions)
Assets:
Securities held to maturity,
carried at amortized cost:
Fixed maturity securities:
Government and agencies
Municipalities
Mortgage and asset-backed
securities
Public utilities
Sovereign and
supranational
Banks/financial institutions
Other corporate
Commercial mortgage and
other loans
Other investments
Total assets
(1)
Liabilities:
Other policyholders’ funds
Notes payable
(excluding leases)
Total liabilities
Quoted Prices in
Active Markets
for Identical
Assets
(Level 1)
Carrying
Value
Significant
Observable
Inputs
(Level 2)
Significant
Unobservable
Inputs
(Level 3)
Total
Fair
Value
2019
$
22,241
821
$ 27,937
0
16
2,535
1,123
916
2,433
9,569
30
39,684
7,317
6,408
13,725
$
$
$
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
$ 27,937
$
$
0
0
0
$
$
$
$
354
1,083
7
2,954
1,320
1,018
2,911
0
30
9,677
0
6,663
6,663
$
$
$
$
0
0
10
0
0
0
0
9,648
0
9,658
7,234
272
7,506
$ 28,291
1,083
17
2,954
1,320
1,018
2,911
9,648
30
$ 47,272
$
7,234
6,935
$ 14,169
(1)
Excludes policy loans of $250 and equity method investments of $569, at carrying value
Fair Value of Financial Instruments
Fixed maturity and equity securities
The Company determines the fair values of fixed maturity securities and public and privately-issued equity securities using the following approaches
or techniques: price quotes and valuations from third party pricing vendors (including quoted market prices readily available from public exchange
markets) and non-binding price quotes the Company obtains from outside brokers.
A third party pricing vendor has developed valuation models to determine fair values of privately issued securities. These models are discounted
cash flow (DCF) valuation models, but also use information from related markets, specifically the credit default swaps (CDS) market to estimate
expected cash flows. These models take into consideration any unique characteristics of the securities and make various adjustments to arrive at an
appropriate issuer-specific loss adjusted credit curve. This credit curve is then used with the relevant recovery rates to estimate expected cash flows
and modeling of additional features, including illiquidity adjustments, if necessary, to price the security by discounting those loss adjusted cash flows.
In cases where a credit curve cannot be developed from the specific security features, the valuation methodology takes into consideration other
market observable inputs, including:
1) the most appropriate comparable security(ies) of the issuer
2) issuer-specific CDS spreads
3) bonds or CDS spreads of comparable issuers with similar characteristics such as rating, geography, or sector
4) bond indices that are comparative in rating, industry, maturity and region.
The pricing data and market quotes the Company obtains from outside sources, including third party pricing services, are reviewed internally for
reasonableness. If a fair value appears unreasonable, the Company will re-examine the inputs and assess the reasonableness of the pricing data
with the vendor. Additionally, the Company may compare the inputs to relevant market indices and other performance measurements. Based on
management's analysis, the valuation is
141
Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data
confirmed or may be revised if there is evidence of a more appropriate estimate of fair value based on available market data. Beginning in the third
quarter of 2020, the Company refined these valuation models to explicitly incorporate currency basis swap adjustments (market observable data) to
assumed interest rate curves where appropriate. The Company has performed verification of the inputs and calculations in any valuation models to
confirm that the valuations represent reasonable estimates of fair value.
For the periods presented, the Company has not adjusted the quotes or prices it obtains from the pricing services and brokers it uses.
The following tables present the pricing sources for the fair values of the Company's fixed maturity and equity securities as of December 31.
(In millions)
Securities available for sale, carried at fair value:
Fixed maturity securities:
Government and agencies:
Third party pricing vendor
Total government and agencies
Municipalities:
Third party pricing vendor
Total municipalities
Mortgage- and asset-backed securities:
Third party pricing vendor
Broker/other
Total mortgage- and asset-backed securities
Public utilities:
Third party pricing vendor
Broker/other
Total public utilities
Sovereign and supranational:
Third party pricing vendor
Broker/other
Total sovereign and supranational
Banks/financial institutions:
Third party pricing vendor
Broker/other
Total banks/financial institutions
Other corporate:
Third party pricing vendor
Broker/other
Total other corporate
Total securities available for sale
Equity securities, carried at fair value:
Third party pricing vendor
Broker/other
Total equity securities
Quoted Prices in
Active Markets for
Identical Assets
(Level 1)
Significant
Observable Inputs
(Level 2)
Significant
Unobservable Inputs
(Level 3)
Total
Fair
Value
2020
$
36,032
36,032
$
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
$
$
$
0
0
0
36,032
1,095
0
1,095
142
$
$
$
1,318
1,318
3,018
3,018
364
450
814
10,395
0
10,395
1,334
0
1,334
12,036
0
12,036
39,886
32
39,918
68,833
86
0
86
$
$
$
$
0
0
0
0
0
224
224
0
422
422
0
48
48
0
24
24
0
299
299
1,017
0
102
102
$
37,350
37,350
3,018
3,018
364
674
1,038
10,395
422
10,817
1,334
48
1,382
12,036
24
12,060
39,886
331
40,217
105,882
1,181
102
1,283
$
$
$
Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data
(In millions)
Securities held to maturity, carried at amortized cost:
Fixed maturity securities:
Government and agencies:
Third party pricing vendor
Total government and agencies
Municipalities:
Third party pricing vendor
Total municipalities
Public utilities:
Third party pricing vendor
Total public utilities
Sovereign and supranational:
Third party pricing vendor
Total sovereign and supranational
Other corporate:
Third party pricing vendor
Total other corporate
Total securities held to maturity
Quoted Prices in
Active Markets for
Identical Assets
(Level 1)
Significant
Observable Inputs
(Level 2)
Significant
Unobservable Inputs
(Level 3)
Total
Fair
Value
2020
$
28,810
28,810
$
0
0
0
0
0
0
260
260
499
499
61
61
736
736
0
0
28,810
$
33
33
1,589
$
143
$
$
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
$
29,070
29,070
499
499
61
61
736
736
33
33
30,399
$
Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data
(In millions)
Securities available for sale, carried at fair value:
Fixed maturity securities:
Government and agencies:
Third party pricing vendor
Total government and agencies
Municipalities:
Third party pricing vendor
Total municipalities
Mortgage- and asset-backed securities:
Third party pricing vendor
Broker/other
Total mortgage- and asset-backed securities
Public utilities:
Third party pricing vendor
Broker/other
Total public utilities
Sovereign and supranational:
Third party pricing vendor
Total sovereign and supranational
Banks/financial institutions:
Third party pricing vendor
Broker/other
Total banks/financial institutions
Other corporate:
Third party pricing vendor
Broker/other
Total other corporate
Total securities available for sale
Equity securities, carried at fair value:
Third party pricing vendor
Broker/other
Total equity securities
Quoted Prices in
Active Markets
for Identical Assets
(Level 1)
Significant
Observable
Inputs
(Level 2)
Significant
Unobservable Inputs
(Level 3)
Total
Fair
Value
2019
$
34,878
34,878
$
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
$
$
$
0
0
0
34,878
642
0
642
144
$
$
$
1,522
1,522
1,847
1,847
232
0
232
6,556
0
6,556
1,042
1,042
10,264
0
10,264
34,234
0
34,234
55,697
80
0
80
$
$
$
$
0
0
0
0
0
178
178
0
224
224
0
0
0
23
23
0
262
262
687
0
80
80
$
36,400
36,400
1,847
1,847
232
178
410
6,556
224
6,780
1,042
1,042
10,264
23
10,287
34,234
262
34,496
91,262
722
80
802
$
$
$
Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data
(In millions)
Securities held to maturity, carried at amortized cost:
Fixed maturity securities:
Government and agencies:
Third party pricing vendor
Total government and agencies
Municipalities:
Third party pricing vendor
Total municipalities
Mortgage- and asset-backed securities:
Third party pricing vendor
Broker/other
Total mortgage- and asset-backed securities
Public utilities:
Third party pricing vendor
Total public utilities
Sovereign and supranational:
Third party pricing vendor
Total sovereign and supranational
Banks/financial institutions:
Third party pricing vendor
Total banks/financial institutions
Other corporate:
Third party pricing vendor
Total other corporate
Total securities held to maturity
Quoted Prices in
Active Markets
for Identical Assets
(Level 1)
Significant
Observable
Inputs
(Level 2)
Significant
Unobservable Inputs
(Level 3)
Total
Fair
Value
2019
$
27,937
27,937
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
27,937
$
$
$
354
354
1,083
1,083
7
0
7
2,954
2,954
1,320
1,320
1,018
1,018
2,911
2,911
9,647
$
$
0
0
0
0
0
10
10
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
10
$
28,291
28,291
1,083
1,083
7
10
17
2,954
2,954
1,320
1,320
1,018
1,018
2,911
2,911
37,594
$
The following is a discussion of the determination of fair value of the Company's remaining financial instruments.
Derivatives
The Company uses derivative instruments to manage the risk associated with certain assets. However, the derivative instrument may not be
classified in the same fair value hierarchy level as the associated asset. The significant inputs to pricing derivatives are generally observable in the
market or can be derived by observable market data. When these inputs are observable, the derivatives are classified as Level 2.
The Company uses present value techniques to value non-option based derivatives. It also uses option pricing models to value option based
derivatives. Key inputs are as follows:
145
Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data
Instrument Type
Level 2
Level 3
Interest rate derivatives
Foreign currency exchange rate derivatives - Non-VIES
(forwards, swaps and options)
(1)
Swap yield curves
Basic curves
Interest rate volatility
Foreign currency forward rates
Swap yield curves
Basis curves
Foreign currency spot rates
Cross foreign currency basis curves
Foreign currency volatility
(1)
Not applicable
Not applicable
Foreign currency exchange rate derivatives - VIEs
(swaps)
Foreign currency spot rates
(2)
Swap yield curves
Credit default swap curves
(2)
Basis curves
Recovery rates
Foreign currency forward rates
Foreign cross currency basis curves
(2)
(2)
(2)
(1)
(2)
Option-based only
Extrapolation beyond the observable limits of the curve(s).
The fair values of the foreign currency forwards and options are based on observable market inputs, therefore they are classified as Level 2.
The Parent Company has cross-currency swap agreements related to certain of its U.S. dollar-denominated senior notes to effectively convert a
portion of the interest on the notes from U.S dollar to Japanese yen. Their fair values are based on observable market inputs, therefore they are
classified as Level 2.
To determine the fair value of its interest rate derivatives, the Company uses inputs that are generally observable in the market or can be derived
from observable market data. Interest rate swaps are cleared trades. In a cleared swap contract, the clearinghouse provides benefits to the
counterparties similar to contracts listed for investment traded on an exchange since it maintains a daily margin to mitigate counterparties credit risk.
These derivatives are priced using observable inputs, accordingly, they are classified as Level 2. For its interest rate swaptions, the Company
estimates their fair values using observable market data, including interest rate curves and volatilities. Their fair values are also classified as Level 2.
For derivatives associated with VIEs where the Company is the primary beneficiary, the Company is not the direct counterparty to the swap
contracts. As a result, the fair value measurements incorporate the credit risk of the collateral associated with the VIE. Based on an analysis of these
derivatives and a review of the methodology employed by the pricing vendor, the Company determined that due to the long duration of these swaps
and the need to extrapolate from short-term observable data to derive and measure long-term inputs, certain inputs, assumptions and judgments are
required to value future cash flows that cannot be corroborated by current inputs or current observable market data. As a result, the derivatives
associated with the Company's consolidated VIEs are classified as Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy.
For forward bond purchase commitments with VIEs, the fair value of the derivative is based on the difference in the fixed purchase price and the
current market value of the related bond prior to the settlement date. Since the bond is typically a public bond with readily available pricing, the
derivatives associated with the forward purchase commitment are classified as Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy.
Commercial mortgage and other loans
Commercial mortgage and other loans include transitional real estate loans, commercial mortgage loans and middle market loans. The Company's
loan receivables do not have readily determinable market prices and generally lack market liquidity. Fair values for loan receivables are determined
based on the present value of expected future cash flows discounted at the applicable U.S. Treasury or London Interbank Offered Rate (LIBOR)
yield plus an appropriate spread that considers other risk factors, such as credit and liquidity risk. The spreads are a significant component of the
pricing inputs and are generally considered unobservable. Therefore, these investments have been assigned a Level 3 within the fair value
hierarchy.
146
Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data
Other investments
Other investments includes short-term investments that are measured at fair value where amortized cost approximates fair value.
Other policyholders' funds
The largest component of the other policyholders' funds liability is the Company's annuity line of business in Aflac Japan. The Company's annuities
have fixed benefits and premiums. For this product, the Company estimates the fair value to be equal to the cash surrender value. This is analogous
to the value paid to policyholders on the valuation date if they were to surrender their policy. The Company periodically checks the cash value
against discounted cash flow projections for reasonableness. The Company considers its inputs for this valuation to be unobservable and have
accordingly classified this valuation as Level 3.
Notes payable
The fair values of the Company's publicly issued notes payable are determined by utilizing available sources of observable inputs from third party
pricing vendors and are classified as Level 2. The fair values of the Company's yen-denominated loans approximate their carrying values and are
classified as Level 3.
Transfers between Hierarchy Levels and Level 3 Rollforward
The following tables present the changes in fair value of the Company's investments and derivatives carried at fair value classified as Level 3 as of
December 31.
Mortgage-
and
Asset-
Backed
Securities
$
178
Public
Utilities
224
$
2020
Fixed Maturity Securities
Sovereign
and
Supranational
Banks/
Financial
Institutions
$
23
$
Equity
Securities
Derivatives
(1)
Other
Corporate
262
Foreign
Currency
Swaps
Total
$
80
$
43
$
810
0
9
30
0
0
(2)
9
0
224
(2)
$
(1)
19
174
0
0
(9)
15
0
422
(3)
$
$
0
0
0
48
0
0
0
0
0
48
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
24
$
0
12
39
0
0
(1)
2
(15)
299
(3)
$
16
0
14
0
(6)
0
0
(2)
102
$
(139)
(124)
(2)
38
0
0
0
0
0
0
(98)
306
0
(6)
(12)
26
(17)
$ 1,021
$
0
$
0
$
0
$
0
$
0
$
0
$
(139)
$ (139)
(In millions)
Balance, beginning of period
Net investment gains (losses)
included in earnings
Unrealized gains (losses)
included in other
comprehensive income (loss)
Purchases, issuances, sales
and settlements:
Purchases
Issuances
Sales
Settlements
Transfers into Level 3
Transfers out of Level 3
Balance, end of period
Changes in unrealized gains
(losses) relating to Level 3
assets and liabilities still held
at the end of the period
included in earnings
$
$
(1)
(2)
(3)
Derivative assets and liabilities are presented net
Transfer due to reclassification of level 3 securities from HTM to AFS
Transfer due to sector classification change
147
Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data
2019
Fixed Maturity Securities
Equity
Securities
Derivatives
(1)
Mortgage-
and
Asset-
Backed
Securities
Public
Utilities
Banks/
Financial
Institutions
Other
Corporate
Foreign
Currency
Swaps
Total
$
177
$
109
$
23
$
213
$
46
$
80
$
648
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
178
$
0
6
48
0
(24)
(6)
116
(25)
224
(2)
(2)
0
$
0
$
$
$
$
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
(1)
23
$
(1)
8
165
0
(17)
0
26
(132)
262
0
$
0
(2)
(2),(3)
$
$
0
0
34
0
0
0
0
0
80
0
$
$
(33)
(4)
0
0
0
0
0
0
43
(33)
(34)
12
247
0
(41)
(6)
142
(158)
810
(33)
$
$
(In millions)
Balance, beginning of period
Net investment gains (losses) included in
earnings
Unrealized gains (losses) included in other
comprehensive income (loss)
Purchases, issuances, sales and settlements:
Purchases
Issuances
Sales
Settlements
Transfers into Level 3
Transfers out of Level 3
Balance, end of period
Changes in unrealized gains (losses) relating
to Level 3 assets and liabilities still held at
the end of the period included in earnings
(1)
(2)
(3)
Derivative assets and liabilities are presented net
Transfer due to sector classification change
Transfer due to availability of observable market inputs
148
Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data
Level 3 Significant Unobservable Input Sensitivity
Fair Value Sensitivity
The following tables summarize the significant unobservable inputs used in the valuation of the Company's Level 3 investments and derivatives
carried at fair value as of December 31. Included in the tables are the inputs or range of possible inputs that have an effect on the overall valuation
of the financial instruments.
(In millions)
Assets:
Securities available for sale, carried at fair value:
Fixed maturity securities:
Mortgage- and asset-backed securities
Public utilities
Sovereign and supranational
Banks/financial institutions
Other corporate
Equity securities
Other assets:
Foreign currency swaps
Total assets
Liabilities:
Other liabilities:
Foreign currency swaps
2020
Fair Value
Valuation Technique(s)
Unobservable Input
Range
(Weighted Average)
$ 224
422
48
24
299
102
69
64
$1,252
Consensus pricing
Discounted cash flow
Discounted cash flow
Consensus pricing
Discounted cash flow
Net asset value
Discounted cash flow
Discounted cash flow
$ 160
Discounted cash flow
71
Discounted cash flow
Offered quotes
Credit spreads
Historical volatility
Offered quotes
Credit spreads
Offered quotes
Interest rates (USD)
Interest rates (JPY)
CDS spreads
Interest rates (USD)
Interest rates (JPY)
Interest rates (USD)
Interest rates (JPY)
CDS spreads
Interest rates (USD)
Interest rates (JPY)
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
.93% -
.05% -
22 bps
.93% -
.05% -
1.40%
.43%
- 128 bps
1.40%
.43%
.93% -
.05% -
41 bps
.93% -
.05% -
1.12%
.35%
- 140 bps
1.12%
.35%
(a)
(a)
(a)
(a)
(a)
(a)
(b)
(c)
(b)
(c)
(b)
(c)
(b)
(c)
Total liabilities
$ 231
(a) N/A represents securities where the Company receives unadjusted broker quotes and for which there is no transparency into the providers' valuation techniques or
unobservable inputs.
(b) Inputs derived from U.S. long-term rates to accommodate long maturity nature of the Company's swaps
(c) Inputs derived from Japan long-term rates to accommodate long maturity nature of the Company's swaps
149
Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data
(In millions)
Assets:
Securities available for sale, carried at fair
value:
Fixed maturity securities:
Mortgage- and asset-backed securities
Public utilities
Banks/financial institutions
Other corporate
Equity securities
Other assets:
Foreign currency swaps
Total assets
Liabilities:
Other liabilities:
Foreign currency swaps
Fair
Value
$ 178
224
23
262
80
2019
Valuation Technique(s)
Unobservable Input
Range
(Weighted Average)
Consensus pricing
Discounted cash flow
Consensus pricing
Discounted cash flow
Net asset value
Offered quotes
Credit spreads
Offered quotes
Credit spreads
Offered quotes
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
106
Discounted cash flow
63
Discounted cash flow
$ 936
Interest rates (USD)
Interest rates (JPY)
CDS spreads
Interest rates (USD)
Interest rates (JPY)
2.09%
.43%
1.89% -
-
.12%
- 100 bps
10 bps
2.09%
1.89% -
.43%
-
.12%
$ 118
Discounted cash flow
8
Discounted cash flow
Interest rates (USD)
Interest rates (JPY)
CDS spreads
Interest rates (USD)
Interest rates (JPY)
2.09%
.43%
1.89% -
-
.12%
- 159 bps
13 bps
2.09%
1.89% -
.43%
-
.12%
(a)
(a)
(a)
(a)
(a)
(b)
(c)
(b)
(c)
(b)
(c)
(b)
(c)
Total liabilities
$ 126
(a) N/A represents securities where the Company receives unadjusted broker quotes and for which there is no transparency into the providers' valuation techniques or
unobservable inputs.
(b) Inputs derived from U.S. long-term rates to accommodate long maturity nature of the Company's swaps
(c) Inputs derived from Japan long-term rates to accommodate long maturity nature of the Company's swaps
150
Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data
The following is a discussion of the significant unobservable inputs or valuation techniques used in determining the fair value of securities and
derivatives classified as Level 3.
Net Asset Value
The Company holds certain unlisted equity securities whose fair value is derived based on the financial statements published by the investee. These
securities do not trade on an active market and the valuations derived are dependent on the availability of timely financial reporting of the investee.
Net asset value is an unobservable input in the determination of fair value of equity securities.
Offered Quotes
In circumstances where the Company's valuation model price is overridden because it implies a value that is not consistent with current market
conditions, the Company will solicit bids from a limited number of brokers. The Company also receives unadjusted prices from brokers for its
mortgage and asset-backed securities. These quotes are non-binding but are reflective of valuation best estimates at that particular point in time.
Offered quotes are an unobservable input in the determination of fair value of mortgage- and asset-backed securities, certain banks/financial
institutions, certain other corporate, and equity securities investments.
Interest Rates and CDS Spreads
The significant drivers of the valuation of the foreign exchange swaps are interest rates and CDS spreads. Some of the Company's swaps have long
maturities that increase the sensitivity of the swaps to interest rate fluctuations. For the Company's foreign exchange or cross currency swaps that
are in a net asset position, an increase in yen interest rates (all other factors held constant) will decrease the present value of the yen final
settlement receivable (receive leg), thus decreasing the value of the swap as long as the derivative remains in a net asset position.
Foreign exchange swaps also have a lump-sum final settlement of foreign exchange principal amounts at the termination of the swap. Assuming all
other factors are held constant, an increase in yen interest rates will decrease the receive leg and decrease the net value of the swap. Likewise,
holding all other factors constant, an increase in U.S. dollar interest rates will increase the swap's net value due to the decrease in the present value
of the dollar final settlement payable (pay leg).
The extinguisher feature in most of the Company's VIE swaps results in a cessation of cash flows and no further payments between the parties to
the swap in the event of a default on the referenced or underlying collateral. To price this feature, the Company applies the survival probability of the
referenced entity to the projected cash flows. The survival probability uses the CDS spreads and recovery rates to adjust the present value of the
cash flows. For extinguisher swaps with positive values, an increase in CDS spreads decreases the likelihood of receiving the final exchange
payments and reduces the value of the swap.
For additional information on the Company's investments and financial instruments, see the accompanying Notes 1, 3 and 4.
6. DEFERRED POLICY ACQUISITION COSTS AND INSURANCE EXPENSES
Consolidated policy acquisition costs deferred were $1.2 billion in 2020, compared with $1.5 billion in both 2019 and 2018. The following table
presents a rollforward of deferred policy acquisition costs by segment for the years ended December 31.
(In millions)
Deferred policy acquisition costs:
Balance, beginning of year
Capitalization
Amortization
Foreign currency translation and other
Balance, end of year
2020
2019
Japan
U.S.
Japan
U.S.
$
$
6,584
665
(644)
386
6,991
$
$
3,544
486
(570)
(10)
3,450
$
$
6,384
825
(709)
84
6,584
$
$
3,491
626
(573)
0
3,544
151
Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data
Commissions deferred as a percentage of total acquisition costs deferred were 77% in 2020, compared with 74% in 2019 and 72% in 2018.
Personnel, compensation and benefit expenses as a percentage of insurance expenses were 59% in 2020, compared with 57% in 2019 and 54% in
2018. Advertising expense, which is included in insurance expenses in the consolidated statements of earnings, was as follows for the years ended
December 31:
(In millions)
Advertising expense:
Aflac Japan
Aflac U.S.
Total advertising expense
2020
$
$
72
112
184
2019
$
$
101
118
219
2018
$
$
108
110
218
Depreciation and other amortization expenses, which are included in insurance expenses in the consolidated statements of earnings, were as
follows for the years ended December 31:
(In millions)
Depreciation expense
Other amortization expense
Total depreciation and other amortization expense
7. POLICY LIABILITIES
2020
$
$
36
5
41
2019
$
$
40
1
41
2018
$
$
48
1
49
Policy liabilities consist of future policy benefits, unpaid policy claims, unearned premiums, and other policyholders' funds, which accounted for 85%,
5%, 3% and 7% of total policy liabilities at December 31, 2020, respectively. The Company regularly reviews the adequacy of its policy liabilities in
total and by component.
The liability for future policy benefits as of December 31 consisted of the following:
(In millions)
Health insurance
Japan
U.S.
Intercompany eliminations
Life insurance
(1)
Japan
U.S.
Total
Liability Amounts
2020
2019
$
$
54,659
8,834
(545)
33,993
842
97,783
$
$
50,941
8,646
(532)
30,520
760
90,335
Interest Rate
Assumptions
0.6 - 6.75 %
3.0 - 8.0
2.0
0.6 - 4.5
2.5 - 6.0
(1)
Elimination entry necessary due to recapture of a portion of policy liabilities ceded externally, as a result of the reinsurance retrocession transaction as
described in Note 8 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements
The weighted-average interest rates reflected in the consolidated statements of earnings for future policy benefits for Japanese policies were 3.1%
in 2020, compared with 3.2% in 2019 and 3.3% in 2018; and for U.S. policies, 5.2% in 2020, compared with 5.3% in 2019 and 2018.
152
Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data
Changes in the liability for unpaid policy claims were as follows for the years ended December 31:
(In millions)
Unpaid supplemental health claims, beginning of period
Less reinsurance recoverables
Net balance, beginning of period
Add claims incurred during the period related to:
Current year
Prior years
Total incurred
Less claims paid during the period on claims incurred during:
Current year
Prior years
Total paid
Effect of foreign exchange rate changes on unpaid claims
Zurich acquisition
Net balance, end of period
Add reinsurance recoverables
Unpaid supplemental health claims, end of period
Unpaid life claims, end of period
Total liability for unpaid policy claims
$
2020
3,968
30
3,938
$
2019
3,952
27
3,925
$
2018
3,884
30
3,854
7,179
(540)
6,639
4,488
1,966
6,454
128
99
4,350
39
4,389
798
5,187
$
7,216
(552)
6,664
4,715
1,965
6,680
29
0
3,938
30
3,968
691
4,659
$
7,101
(563)
6,538
4,612
1,898
6,510
43
0
3,925
27
3,952
632
4,584
$
The incurred claims development related to prior years reflects favorable claims experience compared to previous estimates. The favorable claims
development of $540 million for 2020 comprises approximately $334 million from Japan and $206 million from the U.S., representing approximately
62% and 38% of the total, respectively. Excluding the impact of foreign exchange of a gain of approximately $7 million from December 31, 2019 to
December 31, 2020, the favorable claims development in Japan would have been approximately $327 million, representing approximately 61% of
the total.
The Company has experienced continued favorable claim trends in 2020 for its core health products in Japan. During the year, there were impacts
from lower utilization of healthcare services, due to the COVID-19 pandemic. This impacted both cancer and medical products, as the Japan
population was avoiding doctor and hospital visits, and was staying home more. This resulted in lower sickness, accident, and cancer incurred
claims. Also, the Company's experience in Japan related to the average length of stay in the hospital for cancer treatment has shown continued
decline in the current period. In addition, cancer treatment patterns in Japan are continuing to be influenced by significant advances in early-
detection techniques and by the increased use of pathological diagnosis rather than clinical exams. Additionally, follow-up radiation and
chemotherapy treatments are occurring more often on an outpatient basis. Such changes in treatment not only increase the quality of life and initial
outcomes for the patients, but also decrease the average length of each hospital stay, resulting in favorable claims development.
For the majority of the Company's major U.S. accident and health lines of business, including accident, hospital indemnity, cancer, critical illness and
short-term disability, the incurred claims development related to prior years reflects favorable claims experience compared to previous estimates.
The decrease in current year incurred claims in 2020 primarily reflects a decrease in Aflac U.S. claims as a result of reduced accidents, wellness
medical visits and routine procedures due to shelter-in-place orders and heightened social distancing due to COVID-19, offset somewhat by COVID-
19 claims.
As of December 31, 2020 and 2019, unearned premiums consisted primarily of discounted advance premiums on deposit. Discounted advance
premiums are premiums on deposit from policyholders in conjunction with their purchase of certain Aflac Japan limited-pay insurance products.
These advanced premiums are deferred upon collection and recognized as premium revenue over the contractual premium payment period. These
advanced premiums represented 60% of the December 31, 2020 and 64% of the December 31, 2019 unearned premiums balances.
As of December 31, 2020 and 2019, the largest component of the other policyholders' funds liability was the Company's annuity line of business in
Aflac Japan. The Company's annuities have fixed benefits and premiums. These annuities represented 97% of other policyholders' funds liability at
December 31, 2020 and 2019.
153
Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data
8. REINSURANCE
The Company periodically enters into fixed quota-share coinsurance agreements with other companies in the normal course of business. For each
of its reinsurance agreements, the Company determines whether the agreement provides indemnification against loss or liability relating to
insurance risk in accordance with applicable accounting standards. Reinsurance premiums and benefits paid or provided are accounted for on bases
consistent with those used in accounting for the original policies issued and the terms of the reinsurance contracts. Premiums and benefits are
reported net of insurance ceded.
The Company has recorded a deferred profit liability related to reinsurance transactions. The remaining deferred profit liability of $1.0 billion, as of
December 31, 2020, is included in future policy benefits in the consolidated balance sheet and is being amortized into income over the expected
lives of the policies. The Company has also recorded a reinsurance recoverable for reinsurance transactions, which is included in other assets in the
consolidated balance sheet and had a remaining balance of $1.0 billion and $970 million as of December 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively. The
increase in the reinsurance recoverable balance was driven by two aggregating factors: yen strengthening and the growth in reserves related to the
business that has been reinsured as the policies age. The spot yen/dollar exchange rate strengthened by approximately 5.9% and ceded reserves
increased approximately 8.9% from December 31, 2019 to December 31, 2020.
The following table reconciles direct premium income and direct benefits and claims to net amounts after the effect of reinsurance which also
includes the elimination of inter-segment amounts associated with affiliated reinsurance for the years ended December 31.
(In millions)
Direct premium income
Ceded to other companies:
Ceded Aflac Japan closed blocks
Other
Assumed from other companies:
Retrocession activities
Other
Net premium income
Direct benefits and claims
Ceded benefits and change in reserves for future benefits:
Ceded Aflac Japan closed blocks
Eliminations
Other
Assumed from other companies:
Retrocession activities
Eliminations
Other
Benefits and claims, net
2020
2019
$
18,955
$
19,122
2018
19,018
$
(466)
(87)
195
25
18,622
12,080
(419)
39
(63)
180
(39)
18
11,796
$
$
$
(478)
(69)
200
5
18,780
12,237
(433)
41
(57)
194
(41)
1
11,942
$
$
$
(497)
(58)
208
6
18,677
12,293
(450)
43
(44)
209
(53)
2
12,000
$
$
$
These reinsurance transactions are indemnity reinsurance that do not relieve the Company from its obligations to policyholders. In the event that the
reinsurer is unable to meet their obligations, the Company remains liable for the reinsured claims.
As a part of its capital contingency plan, the Company entered into a committed reinsurance facility agreement on December 1, 2015, with reserves
of approximately ¥120 billion as of December 31, 2020. This reinsurance facility agreement was renewed in 2020 and is effective until December 31,
2021. There are also additional commitment periods of a one-year duration each of which are automatically extended unless notification is received
from the reinsurer within 60 days prior to the expiration. The reinsurer can withdraw from the committed facility if Aflac‘s Standard and Poor's (S&P)
rating drops below BBB-. As of December 31, 2020, the Company had not executed a reinsurance treaty under this committed reinsurance facility.
154
Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data
9. NOTES PAYABLE AND LEASE OBLIGATIONS
A summary of notes payable and lease obligations as of December 31 follows:
(In millions)
4.00% senior notes paid January 2020
3.625% senior notes due June 2023
3.625% senior notes due November 2024
3.25% senior notes due March 2025
2.875% senior notes due October 2026
3.60% senior notes due April 2030
6.90% senior notes due December 2039
6.45% senior notes due August 2040
4.00% senior notes due October 2046
4.750% senior notes due January 2049
Yen-denominated senior notes and subordinated debentures:
.300% senior notes due September 2025 (principal amount ¥12.4 billion)
.932% senior notes due January 2027 (principal amount ¥60.0 billion)
.500% senior notes due December 2029 (principal amount ¥12.6 billion)
.550% senior notes due March 2030 (principal amount ¥13.3 billion)
1.159% senior notes due October 2030 (principal amount ¥29.3 billion)
.843% senior notes due December 2031 (principal amount ¥9.3 billion)
.750% senior notes due March 2032 (principal amount ¥20.7 billion)
1.488% senior notes due October 2033 (principal amount ¥15.2 billion)
.934% senior notes due December 2034 (principal amount ¥9.8 billion)
.830% senior notes due March 2035 (principal amount ¥10.6 billion)
1.750% senior notes due October 2038 (principal amount ¥8.9 billion)
1.122% senior notes due December 2039 (principal amount ¥6.3 billion)
2.108% subordinated debentures due October 2047 (principal amount ¥60.0 billion)
.963% subordinated bonds due April 2049 (principal amount ¥30.0 billion)
Yen-denominated loans:
Variable interest rate loan due September 2026 (.43% in 2020 and .42% in 2019,
principal amount ¥5.0 billion)
Variable interest rate loan due September 2029 (.58% in 2020 and .57% in 2019,
principal amount ¥25.0 billion)
Finance lease obligations payable through 2027
Operating lease obligations payable through 2049
Total notes payable and lease obligations
2020
2019
$
0
698
747
448
298
990
221
254
394
541
119
578
121
127
282
90
198
146
94
101
85
61
575
289
$
348
698
747
448
298
0
220
254
394
541
0
545
114
0
266
84
0
138
88
0
81
57
543
272
48
240
11
143
7,899
$
45
227
12
149
6,569
$
Amounts in the table above are reported net of debt issuance costs and issuance premiums or discounts, if applicable, that are being amortized over the life of
the notes.
In April 2020, the Parent Company issued $1.0 billion of senior notes through a U.S. public debt offering. The notes bear interest at a fixed rate of
3.60% per annum, payable semi-annually, and will mature in April 2030. These notes are redeemable at the Parent Company's option in whole at
any time or in part from time to time at a redemption price equal to the greater of: (i) the aggregate principal amount of the notes to be redeemed or
(ii) the amount equal to the sum of the present values of the remaining scheduled payments for principal of and interest on the notes to be
redeemed, not including any portion of the payments of interest accrued as of such redemption date, discounted to such redemption date on a
semiannual basis at the yield to maturity for a U.S. Treasury security with a maturity comparable to the remaining term of the notes, plus 45 basis
points, plus in each case, accrued and unpaid interest on the principal amount of the notes to be redeemed to, but excluding, such redemption date.
In March 2020, the Parent Company issued four series of senior notes totaling ¥57.0 billion through a public debt offering under its U.S. shelf
registration statement. The first series, which totaled ¥12.4 billion, bears interest at a fixed rate
155
Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data
of .300% per annum, payable semiannually and will mature in September 2025. The second series, which totaled ¥13.3 billion, bears interest at a
fixed rate of .550% per annum, payable semi-annually, and will mature in March 2030. The third series, which totaled ¥20.7 billion, bears interest at
a fixed rate of .750% per annum, payable semiannually and will mature in March 2032. The fourth series, which totaled ¥10.6 billion, bears interest
at a fixed rate of .830% per annum, payable semi-annually, and will mature in March 2035. These notes may only be redeemed before maturity, in
whole but not in part, upon the occurrence of certain changes affecting U.S. taxation, as specified in the indenture governing the terms of the
issuance.
In December 2019, the Parent Company issued four series of senior notes totaling ¥38.0 billion through a public debt offering under its U.S. shelf
registration statement. The first series, which totaled ¥12.6 billion, bears interest at a fixed rate of .500% per annum, payable semi-annually, and will
mature in December 2029. The second series, which totaled ¥9.3 billion, bears interest at a fixed rate of .843% per annum, payable semi-annually,
and will mature in December 2031. The third series, which totaled ¥9.8 billion, bears interest at a fixed rate of .934% per annum, payable semi-
annually, and will mature in December 2034. The fourth series, which totaled ¥6.3 billion, bears interest at a fixed rate of 1.122% per annum,
payable semi-annually, and will mature in December 2039. These notes may only be redeemed before maturity, in whole but not in part, upon the
occurrence of certain changes affecting U.S. taxation, as specified in the indenture governing the terms of the issuance.
In September 2019, the Parent Company renewed a ¥30.0 billion senior term loan facility. The first tranche of the facility, which totaled ¥5.0 billion,
bears interest at a rate per annum equal to the Tokyo interbank market rate (TIBOR), or alternate TIBOR, if applicable, plus the applicable TIBOR
margin and will mature in September 2026. The applicable margin ranges between .30% and .70%, depending on the Parent Company's debt
ratings as of the date of determination. The second tranche, which totaled ¥25.0 billion, bears interest at a rate per annum equal to the TIBOR, or
alternate TIBOR, if applicable, plus the applicable TIBOR margin and will mature in September 2029. The applicable margin ranges between .45%
and 1.00%, depending on the Parent Company's debt ratings as of the date of determination.
In April 2019, ALIJ issued ¥30.0 billion (par value) of perpetual subordinated bonds. These bonds bear interest at a fixed rate of .963% per annum
and then at six-month Euro Yen LIBOR plus an applicable spread on and after the day immediately following April 18, 2024. The bonds will be
callable on each interest payment date on and after April 18, 2024. In November 2019, ALIJ amended the bonds to change their duration from
perpetual to a stated maturity date of April 16, 2049 and to remove provisions that permitted ALIJ to defer payments of interest under certain
circumstances.
In October 2018, the Parent Company issued $550 million of senior notes through a U.S. public debt offering. The notes bear interest at a fixed rate
of 4.750% per annum, payable semi-annually, and will mature in January 2049. These notes are redeemable at the Parent Company's option in
whole at any time or in part from time to time at a redemption price equal to the greater of: (i) the aggregate principal amount of the notes to be
redeemed or (ii) the amount equal to the sum of the present values of the remaining scheduled payments for principal of and interest on the notes to
be redeemed, not including any portion of the payments of interest accrued as of such redemption date, discounted to such redemption date on a
semiannual basis at the yield to maturity for a U.S. Treasury security with a maturity comparable to the remaining term of the notes, plus 25 basis
points, plus in each case, accrued and unpaid interest on the principal amount of the notes to be redeemed to, but excluding, such redemption date.
In October 2018, the Parent Company issued three series of senior notes totaling ¥53.4 billion through a public debt offering under its U.S. shelf
registration statement. The first series, which totaled ¥29.3 billion, bears interest at a fixed rate of 1.159% per annum, payable semi-annually, and
will mature in October 2030. The second series, which totaled ¥15.2 billion, bears interest at a fixed rate of 1.488% per annum, payable semi-
annually, and will mature in October 2033. The third series, which totaled ¥8.9 billion, bears interest at a fixed rate of 1.750% per annum, payable
semi-annually, and will mature in October 2038. These notes may only be redeemed before maturity, in whole but not in part, upon the occurrence of
certain changes affecting U.S. taxation, as specified in the indenture governing the terms of the issuance.
In October 2017, the Parent Company issued ¥60.0 billion of subordinated debentures through a U.S. public debt offering. The debentures bear
interest at an initial rate of 2.108% per annum through October 22, 2027, or earlier redemption. Thereafter, the rate of the interest of the debentures
will be reset every five years at a rate of interest equal to the then-current JPY 5-year Swap Offered Rate plus 205 basis points. The debentures are
payable semi-annually in arrears and will mature in October 2047. The debentures are redeemable (i) at any time, in whole but not in part, upon the
occurrence of certain tax events or certain rating agency events, as specified in the indenture governing the terms of the debentures or (ii) on or
after October 23, 2027, in whole or in part, at a redemption price equal to their principal amount plus accrued and unpaid interest to, but excluding,
the date of redemption.
156
Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data
In January 2017, the Parent Company issued ¥60.0 billion of senior notes through a U.S. public debt offering. The notes bear interest at a fixed rate
of .932% per annum, payable semi-annually, and will mature in January 2027. These notes may only be redeemed before maturity, in whole but not
in part, upon the occurrence of certain changes affecting U.S. taxation, as specified in the indenture governing the terms of the issuance.
In September 2016, the Parent Company issued two series of senior notes totaling $700 million through a U.S. public debt offering. The first series,
which totaled $300 million, bears interest at a fixed rate of 2.875% per annum, payable semi-annually and will mature in October 2026. The second
series, which totaled $400 million, bears interest at a fixed rate of 4.00% per annum, payable semi-annually, and will mature in October 2046.
In March 2015, the Parent Company issued $450 million of senior notes through a U.S. public debt offering. The notes bear interest at a fixed rate of
3.25% per annum, payable semi-annually, and will mature in March 2025. The Parent Company entered into cross-currency swaps that convert the
U.S. dollar-denominated principal and interest on the senior notes into yen-denominated obligations which results in lower nominal net interest rates
on the debt. By entering into these cross-currency swaps, the Parent Company economically converted its $450 million liability into a ¥55.0 billion
yen liability and reduced the interest rate on this debt from 3.25% in dollars to .82% in yen.
In November 2014, the Parent Company issued $750 million of senior notes through a U.S. public debt offering. The notes bear interest at a fixed
rate of 3.625% per annum, payable semi-annually, and will mature in November 2024. These notes are redeemable at the Parent Company's option
in whole at any time or in part from time to time at a redemption price equal to the greater of: (i) the aggregate principal amount of the notes to be
redeemed or (ii) the amount equal to the sum of the present values of the remaining scheduled payments for principal of and interest on the notes to
be redeemed, not including any portion of the payments of interest accrued as of such redemption date, discounted to such redemption date on a
semiannual basis at the treasury rate plus 20 basis points, plus in each case, accrued and unpaid interest on the principal amount of the notes to be
redeemed to, but excluding, such redemption date. The Parent Company entered into cross-currency interest rate swaps to reduce interest expense
by converting the U.S. dollar-denominated principal and interest on the senior notes it issued into yen-denominated obligations. By entering into the
swaps, the Parent Company economically converted its $750 million liability into an ¥85.3 billion liability and reduced the interest rate on this debt
from 3.625% in dollars to 1.00% in yen.
In June 2013, the Parent Company issued $700 million of senior notes through a U.S. public debt offering. The notes bear interest at a fixed rate of
3.625% per annum, payable semi-annually, and will mature in June 2023. These notes are redeemable at the Parent Company's option in whole at
any time or in part from time to time at a redemption price equal to the greater of: (i) the aggregate principal amount of the notes to be redeemed or
(ii) the amount equal to the sum of the present values of the remaining scheduled payments for principal of and interest on the notes to be
redeemed, not including any portion of the payments of interest accrued as of such redemption date, discounted to such redemption date on a
semiannual basis at the treasury rate plus 20 basis points, plus in each case, accrued and unpaid interest on the principal amount of the notes to be
redeemed to, but excluding, such redemption date. The Parent Company had entered into cross-currency interest rate swaps to reduce interest
expense by converting the U.S. dollar-denominated principal and interest on the senior notes it issued into yen-denominated obligations. By entering
into these swaps, the Parent Company economically converted its $700 million liability into a ¥69.8 billion liability and reduced the interest rate on
this debt from 3.625% in dollars to 1.50% in yen.
In February 2012, the Parent Company issued $350 million of senior notes through a U.S. public debt offering. The notes bear interest at a fixed rate
of 4.00% per annum, payable semiannually, and will mature in February 2022. These notes are redeemable at the Parent Company's option in
whole at any time or in part from time to time at a redemption price equal to the greater of: (i) the principal amount of the notes or (ii) the present
value of the remaining scheduled payments of principal and interest to be redeemed, discounted to the redemption date, plus accrued and unpaid
interest. The Parent Company entered into cross-currency interest rate swaps to reduce interest expense by converting the U.S. dollar-denominated
principal and interest on the senior notes it issued into yen-denominated obligations. By entering into these swaps, the Parent Company
economically converted its $350 million liability into a ¥27.0 billion liability and reduced the interest rate on this debt from 4.00% in dollars to 2.07% in
yen. In January 2020, the Parent Company used the net proceeds from senior notes issued in December 2019 to redeem $350 million of its 4.00%
fixed-rate senior notes due February 2022.
In 2010 and 2009, the Parent Company issued senior notes through U.S. public debt offerings; the details of these notes are as follows. In August
2010, the Parent Company issued $450 million of senior notes that will mature in August 2040. In December 2009, the Parent Company issued $400
million of senior notes that will mature in December 2039. These senior notes pay interest semiannually and are redeemable at the Parent
Company's option in whole at any time or in part from time to time at a redemption price equal to the greater of: (i) the principal amount of the notes
or (ii) the present value
157
Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data
of the remaining scheduled payments of principal and interest to be redeemed, discounted to the redemption date, plus accrued and unpaid interest.
In December 2016, the Parent Company completed a tender offer in which it extinguished $176 million principal of its 6.90% senior notes due
December 2039 and $193 million principal of its 6.45% senior notes due August 2040. The pretax loss due to the early redemption of these notes
was $137 million.
For the Company's yen-denominated notes and loans, the principal amount as stated in dollar terms will fluctuate from period to period due to
changes in the yen/dollar exchange rate. The Company has designated the majority of its yen-denominated notes payable as a nonderivative hedge
of the foreign currency exposure of the Company's investment in Aflac Japan.
The aggregate contractual maturities of notes payable during each of the years after December 31, 2020, are as follows:
(In millions)
2021
2022
2023
2024
2025
Thereafter
Total
Total
Notes
Payable
0
$
0
700
750
570
5,784
7,804
$
The following table presents the contractual maturities and present value of lease liabilities as of December 31, 2020.
(In millions)
2021
2022
2023
2024
2025
Thereafter
Total lease payments
Less: Interest
Present value of lease liabilities
Operating Leases
Finance Leases
Total
$
$
$
52
40
11
11
10
28
152
9
143
$
$
$
4
3
2
1
1
0
11
0
11
$
$
$
56
43
13
12
11
28
163
9
154
The following table presents the weighted average remaining lease term and weighted average discount rate for lease liabilities as of December 31.
Weighted average remaining lease term (years):
Operating leases
Finance leases
Weighted average discount rate:
Operating leases
Finance leases
2020
6.7
3.5
2.0%
1.5%
2019
6.8
3.7
2.1%
1.5%
Operating lease costs, included in insurance expenses in the consolidated statements of earnings, were $56 million, $54 million and $73 million for
the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018, respectively. Operating cash outflows for operating leases were $54 million and $52 million for
the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively.
158
Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data
A summary of the Company's lines of credit as of December 31, 2020 follows:
Borrower
Type
Term Expiration Date Capacity
Original
Amount
Outstanding
Aflac Incorporated
and Aflac
uncommitted
bilateral
364 days
December 17,
2021
$100 million
$0 million
Aflac Incorporated
unsecured
revolving
5 years
March 29,
2024, or the date
commitments
are terminated
pursuant to an
event of default ¥100.0 billion ¥0.0 billion
Aflac Incorporated
and Aflac
unsecured
revolving
5 years
November 18,
2024, or the date
commitments
are terminated
pursuant to an
event of default $1.0 billion
$0.0 billion
Aflac Incorporated
and Aflac
uncommitted
bilateral
None
specified None specified
$50 million
$0 million
Aflac
(1)
uncommitted
revolving
364 days
November 30,
2021
$250 million
$0 million
Interest Rate on
Borrowed Amount
The rate quoted by the
bank and agreed upon at
the time of borrowing
A rate per annum equal to
(a) Tokyo interbank market
rate (TIBOR) plus, the
alternative applicable
TIBOR margin during the
availability period from the
closing date to the
commitment termination
date or (b) the TIBOR rate
offered by the agent to
major banks in yen for the
applicable period plus, the
applicable alternative
TIBOR margin during the
term out period
A rate per annum equal to,
at the Company's option,
either, (a) LIBOR adjusted
for certain costs or (b) a
base rate determined by
reference to the highest of
(1) the federal funds rate
plus 1/2 of 1%, (2) the rate
of interest for such day
announced by Mizuho
Bank, Ltd. as its prime
rate, or (3) the
eurocurrency rate for an
interest period of one
month plus 1.00%, in each
case plus an applicable
margin
A rate per annum equal to,
at the Parent Company's
option, either (a) a
eurocurrency rate
determined by reference to
the agent's LIBOR for the
interest period relevant to
such borrowing or (b) the
base rate determined by
reference to the greater of
(i) the prime rate as
determined by the agent,
and (ii) the sum of 0.50%
and the federal funds rate
for such day
USD three-month LIBOR
plus 75 basis points per
annum
Maturity
Period
Commitment
Fee
Business
Purpose
Up to 3 months None
General
corporate
purposes
General
corporate
purposes,
including a
capital
contingency
plan for the
operations of
the Parent
Company
.30% to .50%,
depending on the
Parent
Company's debt
ratings as of the
date of
determination
No later than
March 29, 2024
.085% to
.225%,
depending on the
Parent
Company's debt
ratings as of the
date of
determination
General
corporate
purposes,
including a
capital
contingency
plan for the
operations of
the Parent
Company
No later than
November 18,
2024
Up to 3 months None
3 months
None
Aflac
Incorporated
(1)
uncommitted
revolving
364 days April 2, 2021
¥50.0 billion
¥0.0 billion
Three-month TIBOR plus
70 basis points per annum 3 months
Aflac
Incorporated
(1)
uncommitted
revolving
364 days
November 25,
2021
¥50.0 billion
¥0.0 billion
Aflac New York
(1)
(1)
CAIC
Tier One
Insurance
Company
(1)
uncommitted
revolving
uncommitted
revolving
uncommitted
revolving
364 days April 7, 2021
$25 million
$0 million
364 days March 20, 2021 $15 million
$0 million
364 days March 20, 2021 $0.3 million
$0 million
AGV Management
Services Japan
K.K.
(1)
uncommitted
revolving
(1)
Intercompany credit agreement
364 days May 1, 2021
¥500 million
¥350 million
159
3 months
Three-month TIBOR plus
70 basis points per annum 3 months
USD three-month LIBOR
plus 75 basis points per
annum
USD three-month LIBOR
plus 75 basis points per
annum
USD three-month LIBOR
plus 75 basis points per
annum
A rate per annum equal to
the short-term prime
lending rates of banks
appearing on the website
for the Bank of Japan on
the first day of the
applicable period
3 months
3 months
No later than
May 1, 2021
None
None
None
None
None
None
General
corporate
purposes
General
corporate
purposes
General
corporate
purposes
General
corporate
purposes
General
corporate
purposes
General
corporate
purposes
General
corporate
purposes
General
corporate
purposes
Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data
The Parent Company was in compliance with all of the covenants of its notes payable and lines of credit at December 31, 2020. No events of default
or defaults occurred during 2020 and 2019.
10. INCOME TAXES
The components of income tax expense (benefit) applicable to pretax earnings for the years ended December 31 were as follows:
(In millions)
2020:
Current
Deferred
Total income tax expense
2019:
Current
Deferred
Total income tax expense
2018:
Current
Deferred
Total income tax expense
Foreign
U.S.
Total
$
$
$
$
$
$
822
(28)
794
737
183
920
771
93
864
$
$
$
$
$
$
(28)
(1,385)
(1,413)
69
152
221
608
(409)
199
$
$
$
$
$
$
794
(1,413)
(619)
806
335
1,141
1,379
(316)
1,063
The Japan income tax rate for the fiscal years 2018, 2019 and 2020 was 28.0%.
For the U.S., the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (Tax Act) was signed into law on December 22, 2017. Effective January 1, 2018, the Tax Act imposed a
broad number of changes in tax law, including permanently reducing the U.S. federal statutory corporate income tax rate from 35% to 21%,
eliminating or reducing certain deductions and credits and limiting the deductibility of interest expense and executive compensation.
In March 2020, the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security (CARES) Act was signed into law and includes certain income tax provisions
relevant to businesses. The Company was required to recognize the effect on the consolidated financial statements in the period the law was
enacted, which was the period ended March 31, 2020. For the year ended December 31, 2020, the CARES Act did not have a material impact on
the Company’s consolidated financial statements.
In September 2020, the U.S. Treasury and Internal Revenue Service issued Final and Proposed Regulations which address, among other items, the
allocation of insurance expenses in the calculation of the foreign tax credit limitation. These regulations clarify how insurance related expenses are
allocated and apportioned for this purpose. The Company had previously established valuation allowances on deferred foreign tax credits due to the
uncertainty that previously existed. Under the guidance of these regulations, the Company recognized a one-time income tax benefit of $1.4 billion
due to the release of these valuation allowances which were predominantly established on the Company’s deferred foreign tax credit benefits. The
Company has determined that this will also reduce its effective tax rate in future periods, subject to any future changes in U.S. tax policy.
Income tax expense in the accompanying statements of earnings varies from the amount computed by applying the expected U.S. tax rate of 21% in
2020, 2019 and 2018 to pretax earnings. The principal reasons for the differences and the related tax effects for the years ended December 31 were
as follows:
(In millions)
Income taxes based on U.S. statutory rates
Foreign rate differential
Valuation allowance release
Other, net
Income tax expense
2020
873
0
(1,411)
(81)
(619)
$
$
2019
933
229
0
(21)
1,141
$
$
2018
836
220
0
7
1,063
$
$
160
Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data
Total income tax expense for the years ended December 31 was allocated as follows:
(In millions)
Statements of earnings
Other comprehensive income (loss):
Unrealized foreign currency translation gains (losses) during
period
Unrealized gains (losses) on fixed maturity securities:
Unrealized holding gains (losses) on fixed maturity
securities during period
Reclassification adjustment for (gains) losses
on fixed maturity securities included in net earnings
Unrealized gains (losses) on derivatives during period
Pension liability adjustment during period
Total income tax expense (benefit) related to items of
other comprehensive income (loss)
Total income taxes
2020
$
(619)
2019
$
1,141
2018
$ 1,063
(3)
223
33
0
(2)
27
1,532
5
(3)
(18)
10
(787)
(12)
0
(8)
251
(368)
$
1,543
2,684
$
(797)
266
$
The income tax effects of the temporary differences that gave rise to deferred income tax assets and liabilities as of December 31 were as follows:
(In millions)
Deferred income tax liabilities:
Deferred policy acquisition costs
Unrealized gains and other basis differences on investments
Foreign currency gain on Aflac Japan
Premiums receivable
Policy benefit reserves
Total deferred income tax liabilities
Deferred income tax assets:
Unfunded retirement benefits
Other accrued expenses
Policy and contract claims
Foreign currency loss on Aflac Japan
Deferred compensation
Capital loss carryforwards
Depreciation
Anticipatory foreign tax credit
Deferred foreign tax credit
Other
Total deferred income tax assets before valuation allowance
Valuation allowance
Total deferred income tax assets after valuation allowance
Net deferred income tax liability
Current income tax (asset) liability
Total income tax liability
2020
2019
$
3,663
5,227
70
112
3,834
12,906
9
37
868
0
137
12
202
5,972
647
326
8,210
0
8,210
4,696
(35)
4,661
$
$
$
3,492
4,485
0
152
3,442
11,571
8
36
781
16
162
34
164
5,487
605
204
7,497
(1,340)
6,157
5,414
(44)
5,370
The application of U.S. GAAP requires the Company to evaluate the recoverability of deferred tax assets and establish a valuation allowance if
necessary to reduce the deferred tax asset to an amount that is more likely than not expected to be realized. The Company has determined no
valuation allowance against its anticipatory foreign tax credits is necessary. The anticipatory foreign tax credit represents the foreign tax credit the
Company will generate from the reversal of Japan deferred tax liabilities in the future. The release of the valuation allowance on the anticipatory
foreign tax credit is due to the regulations addressing the allocation of insurance expenses in the calculation of the foreign tax credit released
September 29, 2020. The Company has also determined no valuation allowance against its deferred foreign tax credits is
161
Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data
necessary. Deferred foreign tax credits are foreign tax credits generated in the current tax year by the Japanese life company, but are unable to be
utilized until 2021 due to Japan's current tax year not closing until March 31, 2021. The release of the valuation allowance on the deferred foreign
tax credit is also due to the foreign tax credit regulations released September 29, 2020. Based upon a review of the Company's anticipated future
taxable income, and including all other available evidence, both positive and negative, the Company's management has concluded that,
notwithstanding the items noted above, it is more likely than not that all other deferred tax assets will be realized.
Under U.S. income tax rules, only 35% of non-life operating losses can be offset against life insurance taxable income each year. For current U.S.
income tax purposes, as of December 31, 2020, there were non-life operating loss carryforwards of $298 million available to offset against future
taxable income, all of which do not expire. The Company has capital loss carryforwards of $55 million available to offset capital gains, all of which
expire in 2025. The Company has foreign tax credit carryforwards of $22 million available to offset against future excess foreign taxes paid, all of
which expire in 2031.
The Company files federal income tax returns in the U.S. and Japan as well as state or prefecture income tax returns in various jurisdictions in the
two countries. The Company is currently under audit by the IRS for the 2013-2018 amended federal income tax returns. There are currently no other
open Federal, State, or local U.S. income tax audits. U.S. federal income tax returns for years before 2016 are no longer subject to examination.
Japan corporate income tax returns for years before 2016 are no longer subject to examination. Management believes it has established adequate
tax liabilities and final resolution of all open audits is not expected to have a material impact on the Company's consolidated financial statements.
A reconciliation of the beginning and ending amount of unrecognized tax benefits is as follows for the years ended December 31:
(In millions)
Balance, beginning of year
Additions for tax positions of prior years
Balance, end of year
2020
17
2
19
$
$
2019
15
2
17
$
$
Included in the balance of the liability for unrecognized tax benefits at December 31, 2020, are $15 million of tax positions for which the ultimate
deductibility is highly certain, but for which there is uncertainty about the timing of such deductibility, compared with $15 million at December 31,
2019. Because of the impact of deferred tax accounting, other than interest and penalties, the disallowance of the shorter deductibility period would
not affect the annual effective tax rate, but would accelerate the payment of cash to the taxing authority to an earlier period. The Company has
accrued approximately $4 million as of December 31, 2020, for permanent uncertainties, which if reversed would not have a material effect on the
annual effective rate.
The Company recognizes accrued interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits in income tax expense. The Company recognized
approximately $1 million in interest and penalties in 2020, compared with $1 million in 2019 and $1 million in 2018. The Company has accrued
approximately $3 million for the payment of interest and penalties as of December 31, 2020, compared with $2 million at December 31, 2019.
As of December 31, 2020, there were no material uncertain tax positions for which the total amounts of unrecognized tax benefits will significantly
increase or decrease within the next 12 months.
11. SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY
The following table is a reconciliation of the number of shares of the Company's common stock for the years ended December 31.
162
Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data
(In thousands of shares)
Common stock - issued:
Balance, beginning of period
Exercise of stock options and issuance of restricted shares
Balance, end of period
Treasury stock:
Balance, beginning of period
Purchases of treasury stock:
Share repurchase program
Other
Dispositions of treasury stock:
Shares issued to AFL Stock Plan
Exercise of stock options
Other
Balance, end of period
Shares outstanding, end of period
2020
2019
2018
1,349,309
1,709
1,351,018
1,347,540
1,769
1,349,309
1,345,762
1,778
1,347,540
622,516
592,254
564,852
37,899
542
(2,021)
(121)
(251)
658,564
692,454
31,994
592
(1,610)
(418)
(296)
622,516
726,793
28,949
392
(1,306)
(519)
(114)
592,254
755,286
Outstanding share-based awards are excluded from the calculation of weighted-average shares used in the computation of basic EPS. The following
table presents the approximate number of share-based awards to purchase shares, on a weighted-average basis, that were considered to be anti-
dilutive and were excluded from the calculation of diluted EPS at December 31:
(In thousands)
Anti-dilutive share-based awards
2020
687
2019
6
2018
44
The weighted-average shares used in calculating EPS for the years ended December 31 were as follows:
(In thousands of shares)
Weighted-average outstanding shares used for calculating basic EPS
Dilutive effect of share-based awards
Weighted-average outstanding shares used for calculating diluted EPS
2020
713,702
2,490
716,192
2019
742,414
4,016
746,430
2018
769,588
5,062
774,650
Share Repurchase Program: During 2020, the Company repurchased 37.9 million shares of its common stock in the open market for $1.5 billion.
The Company repurchased 32.0 million shares for $1.6 billion in 2019 and 28.9 million shares for $1.3 billion in 2018. In August 2020, the
Company's board of directors authorized the purchase of an additional 100 million shares of its common stock. As of December 31, 2020, a
remaining balance of 99.2 million shares of the Company's common stock was available for purchase under share repurchase authorizations by its
board of directors.
Voting Rights: In accordance with the Parent Company's articles of incorporation, shares of common stock are generally entitled to one vote per
share until they have been held by the same beneficial owner for a continuous period of 48 months, at which time they become entitled to 10 votes
per share.
Reclassifications from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income
The tables below are reconciliations of accumulated other comprehensive income by component for the years ended December 31.
163
Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data
Changes in Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income
(In millions)
Balance at December 31, 2019
Cumulative effect of change
in accounting principle -
ASU 2019-04
Balance at January 1, 2020
Other comprehensive
income (loss) before
reclassification
Amounts reclassified from
accumulated other
comprehensive income
(loss)
Net current-period other
comprehensive
income (loss)
Balance at December 31, 2020
All amounts in the table above are net of tax.
(In millions)
Balance at December 31, 2018
Other comprehensive
income (loss) before
reclassification
Amounts reclassified from
accumulated other
comprehensive income
(loss)
Net current-period other
comprehensive
income (loss)
Balance at December 31, 2019
All amounts in the table above are net of tax.
Unrealized
Foreign
Currency
Translation
Gains (Losses)
$
(1,623)
2020
Unrealized
Gains (Losses)
on Fixed
Maturity
Securities
8,548
$
0
(1,623)
$
848
9,396
$
514
0
839
126
514
(1,109)
$
965
$ 10,361
Unrealized
Foreign
Currency
Translation
Gains (Losses)
$
(1,847)
2019
Unrealized
Gains (Losses)
on Fixed
Maturity
Securities
4,234
$
224
4,327
0
(13)
224
(1,623)
$
4,314
8,548
$
$
164
Unrealized
Gains (Losses)
on Derivatives
$
$
$
(33)
0
(33)
(1)
0
(1)
(34)
Pension
Liability
Adjustment
(277)
$
$
0
(277)
(30)
Total
$
6,615
848
7,463
$
1,322
23
149
(7)
(284)
$
1,471
8,934
$
Unrealized
Gains (Losses)
on Derivatives
$
(24)
Pension Liability
Adjustment
(212)
$
Total
$
2,151
(9)
0
(9)
(33)
(76)
4,466
11
(2)
(65)
(277)
$
4,464
6,615
$
Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data
Unrealized
Foreign
Currency
Translation
Gains (Losses)
$
(1,750)
2018
Unrealized
Gains (Losses)
on Fixed
Maturity
Securities
5,964
$
Unrealized
Gains (Losses)
on Derivatives
$
(23)
Pension Liability
Adjustment
(163)
$
Total
$
4,028
0
(148)
(325)
(2,075)
$
734
6,550
$
228
(2,350)
0
34
228
(1,847)
$
(2,316)
4,234
$
0
(3)
(26)
2
0
2
(24)
$
$
0
(148)
(32)
(195)
$
374
4,254
$
(30)
(2,150)
13
47
(17)
(212)
$
(2,103)
2,151
$
(In millions)
Balance at December 31, 2017
Cumulative effect of change
in accounting principle -
ASU 2016-01
Cumulative effect of change
in accounting principle -
ASU 2018-02
Balance at January 1, 2018
Other comprehensive
income (loss) before
reclassification
Amounts reclassified from
accumulated other
comprehensive income
(loss)
Net current-period other
comprehensive
income (loss)
Balance at December 31, 2018
All amounts in the table above are net of tax.
For the year ended December 31, 2018, see Note 1 for discussion of the amounts reclassified between AOCI and retained earnings upon the
adoption of new accounting pronouncements.
The tables below summarize the amounts reclassified from each component of accumulated other comprehensive income based on source for the
years ended December 31.
Reclassifications Out of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income
(In millions)
Details about Accumulated Other Comprehensive
Income Components
Unrealized gains (losses) on available-for-sale
securities
Amortization of defined benefit pension items:
Actuarial gains (losses)
Prior service (cost) credit
Total reclassifications for the period
2020
Amount Reclassified from
Accumulated Other
Comprehensive Income
$
$
$
$
$
(159)
33
(126)
(32)
3
6
(23)
(149)
Affected Line Item in the
Statements of Earnings
Net investment gains (losses)
Tax (expense) or benefit
Net of tax
(1)
Acquisition and operating expenses
Acquisition and operating expenses
Tax (expense) or benefit
Net of tax
(1)
(2)
(2)
Net of tax
(1)
(2)
Based on 21% tax rate
These accumulated other comprehensive income components are included in the computation of net periodic pension cost (see Note 14 for additional details).
165
Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data
(In millions)
Details about Accumulated Other Comprehensive
Income Components
Unrealized gains (losses) on available-for-sale
securities
Amortization of defined benefit pension items:
Actuarial gains (losses)
Prior service (cost) credit
Total reclassifications for the period
2019
Amount Reclassified from
Accumulated Other
Comprehensive Income
$
$
$
$
$
18
(5)
13
(15)
0
4
(11)
2
Affected Line Item in the
Statements of Earnings
Net investment gains (losses)
Tax (expense) or benefit
Net of tax
(1)
Acquisition and operating expenses
Acquisition and operating expenses
Tax (expense) or benefit
Net of tax
(1)
(2)
(2)
Net of tax
(1)
(2)
Based on 26% blended tax rate
These accumulated other comprehensive income components are included in the computation of net periodic pension cost (see Note 14 for additional details).
(In millions)
Details about Accumulated Other Comprehensive
Income Components
Unrealized gains (losses) on available-for-sale
securities
Amortization of defined benefit pension items:
Actuarial gains (losses)
Prior service (cost) credit
Total reclassifications for the period
2018
Amount Reclassified from
Accumulated Other
Comprehensive Income
$
$
$
$
$
(46)
12
(34)
(18)
0
5
(13)
(47)
Affected Line Item in the
Statements of Earnings
Net investment gains (losses)
Tax (expense) or benefit
Net of tax
(1)
Acquisition and operating expenses
Acquisition and operating expenses
Tax (expense) or benefit
Net of tax
(1)
(2)
(2)
Net of tax
(1)
(2)
Based on 27% blended tax rate
These accumulated other comprehensive income components are included in the computation of net periodic pension cost (see Note 14 for additional details).
12. SHARE-BASED COMPENSATION
In June 2020, the Company transitioned from E*Trade Financial Corporate Services, Inc. to Fidelity Management Trust Company as the trustee and
recordkeeper of the Company's long-term share-based compensation plans.
As of December 31, 2020, the Company has outstanding share-based awards under the Aflac Incorporated Long-Term Incentive Plan (the Plan).
Share-based awards are designed to reward employees for their long-term contributions to the Company and provide incentives for them to remain
with the Company. The number and frequency of share-based awards are based on competitive practices, operating results of the Company,
government regulations, and other factors.
The Plan, as amended on February 14, 2017, allows for a maximum number of shares issuable over its term of 75 million shares including 38 million
shares that may be awarded in respect of awards other than options or stock appreciation rights. If any awards granted under the Plan are forfeited
or are terminated before being exercised or settled for any reason other than tax forfeiture, then the shares underlying the awards will again be
available under the Plan.
The Plan allows awards to Company employees for incentive stock options (ISOs), non-qualifying stock options (NQSOs), restricted stock, restricted
stock units, and stock appreciation rights. Non-employee directors are eligible for grants of NQSOs, restricted stock, and stock appreciation rights.
As of December 31, 2020, approximately 38.0 million shares were available for future grants under this plan. The ISOs and NQSOs have a term of
10 years, and the share-based awards generally vest upon time-based conditions or time and performance-based conditions. Time-based vesting
generally
166
Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data
occurs after three years. Performance-based vesting conditions generally include the attainment of goals related to Company financial performance.
As of December 31, 2020, the only performance-based awards issued and outstanding were restricted stock awards and units.
Stock options and stock appreciation rights granted under the amended Plan have an exercise price of at least the fair market value of the
underlying stock on the grant date and have an expiration date no later than 10 years from the grant date. Time-based restricted stock awards,
restricted stock units and stock options granted after January 1, 2017 generally vest on a ratable basis over three years, and awards granted prior to
the amendment vest on a three-year cliff basis. The Compensation Committee of the Board of Directors has the discretion to determine vesting
schedules.
Share-based awards granted to U.S.-based grantees are settled with authorized but unissued Company stock, while those issued to Japan-based
grantees are settled with treasury shares.
Summary of Share-Based Compensation Expense
Share-based compensation expense consists primarily of expenses for stock options, restricted stock awards (including performance based
restricted stock awards), and restricted stock units granted to employees.
The following table presents the impact of the expense recognized in connection with share-based awards for the periods ended December 31.
(In millions, except for per-share amounts)
Impact on earnings from continuing operations
Impact on earnings before income taxes
Impact on net earnings
Impact on net earnings per share:
Basic
Diluted
Stock Options
2020
2019
2018
$
$
61
61
48
.07
.07
$
$
59
59
46
.06
.06
$
$
57
57
45
.06
.06
The following table summarizes stock option activity under the employee stock option plan.
(In thousands of shares)
Outstanding at December 31, 2017
Granted in 2018
Canceled in 2018
Exercised in 2018
Outstanding at December 31, 2018
Granted in 2019
Canceled in 2019
Exercised in 2019
Outstanding at December 31, 2019
Granted in 2020
Canceled in 2020
Exercised in 2020
Outstanding at December 31, 2020
(In thousands of shares)
Shares exercisable, end of year
Stock
Option
Shares
7,304
67
(167)
(1,874)
5,330
0
(40)
(1,584)
3,706
59
(82)
(638)
3,045
Weighted-Average
Exercise Price
Per Share
28.03
$
44.59
32.11
26.78
28.54
0.00
27.28
25.97
29.65
35.75
26.31
27.82
30.25
$
2020
2,986
2019
3,553
2018
3,917
167
Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data
The Company estimates the fair value of each stock option granted using the Black-Scholes-Merton multiple option approach. Expected volatility is
based on historical periods generally commensurate with the estimated terms of the options. The Company uses historical data to estimate option
exercise and termination patterns within the model. Separate groups of employees that have similar historical exercise patterns are stratified and
considered separately for valuation purposes. The expected term of options granted is derived from the output of the Company's option model and
represents the weighted-average period of time that options granted are expected to be outstanding. The Company bases the risk-free interest rate
on the Treasury note rate with a term comparable to that of the estimated term of the options. The weighted-average fair value of options at their
grant date was $6.33 in 2020 and $8.81 in 2018. There were no options granted in 2019. The following table presents the assumptions used in
valuing options granted during the years ended December 31.
Expected term (years)
Expected volatility
Annual forfeiture rate
Risk-free interest rate
Dividend yield
2020
6.0
24.4 %
3.9
2.0
3.3
2019
7.0
18.0 %
3.9
2.9
2.2
2018
7.0
22.0 %
3.6
2.5
2.4
The following table summarizes information about stock options outstanding and exercisable at December 31, 2020.
(In thousands of shares)
Options Outstanding
Options Exercisable
Range of
Exercise Prices
Per Share
$
0.00 - $
24.75 -
28.97 -
31.21 -
36.21 -
$
0.00 - $
24.75
28.97
31.21
36.21
44.59
44.59
Stock Option
Shares
Outstanding
633
640
902
721
149
3,045
Wgtd.-Avg.
Remaining
Contractual
Life (Yrs.)
1.6
3.6
3.7
5.7
6.8
3.9
Wgtd.-Avg.
Exercise
Price
Per Share
23.73
$
28.84
30.77
34.42
40.57
30.25
$
Stock Option
Shares
Exercisable
633
640
902
662
149
2,986
Wgtd.-Avg.
Exercise
Price
Per Share
23.73
$
28.84
30.77
34.30
40.57
30.14
$
The aggregate intrinsic value in the following table represents the total pretax intrinsic value, and is based on the difference between the exercise
price of the stock options and the quoted closing common stock price of $44.47 as of December 31, 2020, for those awards that have an exercise
price currently below the closing price. As of December 31, 2020, the aggregate intrinsic value of stock options outstanding was $43 million, with a
weighted-average remaining term of 3.9 years. The total number of in-the-money stock options exercisable as of December 31, 2020, was 3.0
million shares. The aggregate intrinsic value of stock options exercisable at that same date was $43 million, with a weighted-average remaining term
of 3.8 years.
The following table summarizes stock option activity during the years ended December 31.
(In millions)
Total intrinsic value of options exercised
Cash received from options exercised
Tax benefit realized as a result of options exercised and
restricted stock releases
Performance-Based Restricted Stock Awards and Units
2020
2019
$
11
18
18
$
38
40
34
$
2018
34
48
25
Under the Plan, the Company grants selected executive officers performance-based restricted stock awards (PBRS) each February whose vesting is
contingent upon meeting various performance goals. PBRS are generally granted at-the-money and contingently cliff vest over a period of three
years, generally subject to continued employment. In February 2020, the Company granted 409 thousand performance-based stock awards, which
are contingent on the achievement of the Company's financial performance metrics and its market-based conditions. On the date of grant, the
Company
168
Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data
estimated the fair value of restricted stock awards with market-based conditions using a Monte Carlo simulation model. The model discounts the
value of the stock at the assumed vesting date based on a risk-free interest rate. Based on estimates of actual performance versus the vesting
thresholds, the calculated fair value percentage pay-out estimate will be updated each quarter. Actual performance, including modification for
relative total shareholder return, may result in the ultimate award of 0% to 200% percent of the initial number of PBRS issued, with the potential for
no award if company performance goals are not achieved during the three-year period. PBRS subject to accelerated vesting at the date of retirement
eligibility is recognized over the implicit service period.
The Company also granted selected executive officers performance-based restricted stock units (PSUs) throughout the year whose vesting is
contingent upon meeting various performance goals. PSUs are generally granted at-the-money and contingently cliff vest over a period of three
years, generally subject to continued employment. In November 2020, the Company granted 9 thousand performance-based stock units, which are
contingent on the achievement of certain Company determined metrics. Based on estimates of actual performance versus the vesting thresholds,
the calculated fair value percentage pay-out estimate will be updated each quarter. Actual performance may result in the ultimate award of 0% to
200% percent of the initial number of PSUs issued, with the potential for no award if the Company determined metrics are not achieved during the
three-year period. PSUs subject to accelerated vesting at the date of retirement eligibility is recognized over the implicit service period.
The Company uses third-party analyses to assist in developing the assumptions used in, as well as calibrating, a Monte Carlo simulation model. The
Company is responsible for determining the assumptions used in estimating the fair value of its share-based payment awards.
Key assumptions used to value PBRS granted during 2020 follows:
(In millions)
Expected volatility (based on Aflac Inc. and peer group historical daily stock price)
Expected life from grant date (years)
Risk-free interest rate (based on U.S. Treasury yields at the date of grant)
Restricted Stock Awards and Units
2020
16.13 %
2.9
1.42 %
The value of restricted stock awards and restricted stock units is based on the fair market value of the Company's common stock at the date of
grant. The following table summarizes restricted stock activity during the years ended December 31.
(In thousands of shares)
Restricted stock at December 31, 2017
Granted in 2018
Canceled in 2018
Vested in 2018
Restricted stock at December 31, 2018
(1)
Granted in 2019
Canceled in 2019
(1)
Vested in 2019
(1)
Restricted stock at December 31, 2019
(1)
Granted in 2020
Canceled in 2020
Vested in 2020
Restricted stock at December 31, 2020
(1)
This balance has been adjusted to include dividends
169
Shares
3,634
1,121
(105)
(1,243)
3,407
1,070
(39)
(1,723)
2,715
1,544
(119)
(1,560)
2,580
Weighted-Average
Grant-Date
Fair Value
Per Share
32.40
$
44.27
34.39
31.64
36.52
49.68
41.60
32.50
43.74
45.88
49.27
35.23
48.57
$
Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data
As of December 31, 2020, total compensation cost not yet recognized in the Company's financial statements related to restricted stock awards and
restricted stock units was $36 million, of which $15 million (1.1 million shares) was related to restricted stock awards with a performance-based
vesting condition. The Company expects to recognize these amounts over a weighted-average period of approximately 1.6 years. There are no
other contractual terms covering restricted stock awards once vested.
13. STATUTORY ACCOUNTING AND DIVIDEND RESTRICTIONS
The Company's insurance subsidiaries are required to report their results of operations and financial position to insurance regulatory authorities on
the basis of statutory accounting practices prescribed or permitted by such authorities.
Aflac Japan must report its results of operations and financial position to the Japanese Financial Services Agency (FSA) on a Japanese regulatory
accounting basis as prescribed by the FSA. Japanese regulatory accounting practices differ in many respects from U.S. GAAP. Under Japanese
regulatory accounting practices, policy acquisition costs are expensed immediately; policy benefit and claim reserving methods and assumptions are
different; premium income is recognized on a cash basis; different consolidation criteria apply to VIEs; reinsurance is recognized on a different basis;
and investments can have a separate accounting classification and treatment referred to as policy reserve matching bonds (PRM). Capital and
surplus of Aflac Japan, based on Japanese regulatory accounting practices, was $9.0 billion at December 31, 2020, compared with $7.8 billion at
December 31, 2019.
Aflac, CAIC and TOIC report statutory financial statements that are prepared on the basis of accounting practices prescribed or permitted by the
Nebraska Department of Insurance (NDOI). The NDOI recognizes statutory accounting principles and practices prescribed or permitted by the state
of Nebraska for determining and reporting the financial condition and results of operations of an insurance company, and for determining a
company's solvency under Nebraska insurance law.
Aflac New York reports statutory financial statements that are prepared on the basis of accounting practices prescribed or permitted by the New
York State Department of Financial Services (NYDFS). The NYDFS recognizes statutory accounting principles and practices prescribed or permitted
by the state of New York for determining and reporting the financial condition and results of operations of an insurance company, and for
determining a company's solvency under New York insurance law.
Statutory Accounting Principles (SAP) as detailed by the National Association of Insurance Commissioners' (NAIC) Accounting Practices and
Procedures Manual has been adopted by both the state of Nebraska and the state of New York as a component of those prescribed or permitted
practices. Statutory accounting practices primarily differ from U.S. GAAP by charging policy acquisition costs to expense as incurred, establishing
future policy benefit liabilities using different actuarial assumptions as well as valuing investments and certain assets and accounting for deferred
taxes on a different basis. Additionally, the Director of the NDOI and the Superintendent of the NYDFS each have the right to permit other specific
practices which deviate from prescribed practices. Aflac, CAIC, TOIC and Aflac New York had no permitted practices as of December 31, 2020 and
2019.
The table below represents statutory capital and surplus based on statutory accounting practices for the Company’s U.S. life insurance subsidiaries
as of December 31.
(In millions)
Aflac
CAIC
TOIC
Aflac New York
$
2020
2019
$
2,088
271
61
352
2,122
128
12
320
As of December 31, 2020, the capital and surplus for each of the Company's U.S. life insurance subsidiaries exceeded the required company action
level capital and surplus.
170
Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data
The table below represents net income (loss) based on statutory accounting practices for the Company’s U.S. life insurance subsidiaries as of
December 31.
(In millions)
Aflac
CAIC
TOIC
Aflac New York
$
2020
2019
2018
$
872
1
(24)
75
$
864
(16)
(2)
75
1,331
6
0
67
The Parent Company depends on its subsidiaries for cash flow, primarily in the form of dividends and management fees. Consolidated retained
earnings in the accompanying financial statements largely represent the undistributed earnings of the Company's insurance subsidiary. Amounts
available for dividends, management fees and other payments to the Parent Company by its insurance subsidiaries may fluctuate due to different
accounting methods required by regulatory authorities. These payments are also subject to various regulatory restrictions and approvals related to
safeguarding the interests of insurance policyholders. The company's U.S. life insurance entities must maintain adequate RBC for U.S. regulatory
authorities, and Aflac Japan must maintain adequate solvency margins for Japanese regulatory authorities.
The maximum amount of dividends that can be paid to the Parent Company by Aflac, CAIC and TOIC without prior approval of Nebraska's director
of insurance is the greater of the net income from operations, which excludes net investment gains, for the previous year determined under statutory
accounting principles, or 10% of statutory capital and surplus as of the previous year-end. In 2020, Aflac declared dividends of $853 million.
Dividends declared by Aflac during 2021 in excess of $872 million would require such approval. CAIC and TOIC did not declare dividends during
2020.
From time to time, Aflac New York pays dividends to Aflac, the parent company of Aflac New York. Aflac New York may not pay dividends to Aflac
without the prior approval of the NYDFS. Aflac New York declared dividends of $30 million in 2020, which were authorized by the NYDFS.
After the Japan branch conversion as of April 1, 2018, Aflac Japan is required to meet certain financial criteria as governed by Japanese corporate
law in order to provide dividends to the Parent Company. Under these criteria, dividend capacity at Aflac Japan is basically defined as retained
earnings excluding capital reserves, which represent equity generated by capital profits that are statutorily required in Japan, less net after-tax
unrealized losses on available-for-sale securities based on the previous fiscal year-end. Prior to April 1, 2018, a portion of Aflac Japan earnings, as
determined on a Japanese regulatory accounting basis, could be remitted each year to Aflac U.S. after complying with solvency margin provisions
and satisfying various conditions imposed by Japanese regulatory authorities for protecting policyholders. Profit remittances to the U.S. could
fluctuate due to changes in the amounts of Japanese regulatory earnings. Among other items, factors affecting regulatory earnings include
Japanese regulatory accounting practices and fluctuations in currency translation of Aflac Japan's U.S. dollar-denominated investments and related
investment income into yen. Profits remitted by Aflac Japan to the Parent Company, after April 1, 2018, and to Aflac U.S., prior to April 1, 2018, were
as follows for the years ended December 31:
(In millions of dollars and billions of yen)
Profit remittances
2020
$ 1,215
2018
2020
In Yen
2019
$
808
¥
129.8
¥
225.2
2018
¥
89.7
In Dollars
2019
$
2,070
171
Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data
14. BENEFIT PLANS
The Company has funded defined benefit plans in Japan and the U.S., however the U.S. plan was frozen to new participants effective October 1,
2013. The Company also maintains non-qualified, unfunded supplemental retirement plans that provide defined pension benefits in excess of limits
imposed by federal tax law for certain Japanese, U.S. and former employees, however the U.S. plan was frozen to new participants effective
January 1, 2015. U.S. employees who are not participants in the defined benefit plan receive a nonelective 401(k) employer contribution.
Pension and Other Postretirement Plans
The Company provides certain health care benefits for eligible U.S. retired employees, their beneficiaries and covered dependents (other
postretirement benefits). The health care plan is contributory and unfunded. Effective January 1, 2014, employees eligible for benefits included the
following: (1) active employees whose age plus service, in years, equaled or exceeded 80 (rule of 80); (2) active employees who were age 55 or
older and have met the 15 years of service requirement; (3) active employees who would meet the rule of 80 in the next five years; (4) active
employees who were age 55 or older and who would meet the 15 years of service requirement within the next five years; and (5) current retirees.
For certain employees and former employees, additional coverage is provided for all medical expenses for life.
Information with respect to the Company's benefit plans' assets and obligations as of December 31 was as follows:
Pension Benefits
Japan
U.S.
Other
Postretirement Benefits
2020
2019
2020
2019
2020
2019
(In millions)
Projected benefit obligation:
Benefit obligation, beginning of year
Service cost
Interest cost
Actuarial (gain) loss
Benefits and expenses paid
Effect of foreign exchange
rate changes
Benefit obligation, end of year
Plan assets:
Fair value of plan assets,
beginning of year
Actual return on plan assets
Employer contributions
Benefits and expenses paid
Effect of foreign exchange
rate changes
Fair value of plan assets,
end of year
Funded status of the plans
(1)
Amounts recognized in accumulated other
comprehensive income:
Net actuarial (gain) loss
Prior service (credit) cost
Total included in accumulated
other comprehensive income
Accumulated benefit obligation
(1)
(2)
Recognized in other liabilities in the consolidated balance sheets
Not applicable
$
$
$
$
$
436
24
5
(6)
(12)
26
473
344
21
41
(12)
22
416
(57)
74
(1)
73
425
$
$
$
$
$
396
22
7
17
(11)
5
436
289
24
38
(11)
4
344
(92)
92
(2)
90
390
172
$ 1,058
29
34
106
(23)
$
875
23
20
163
(23)
0
1,204
0
1,058
644
96
107
(23)
0
465
98
104
(23)
0
$
39
0
1
6
(4)
0
42
0
0
4
(4)
0
$
37
0
1
4
(3)
0
39
0
0
3
(3)
0
824
(380)
644
$ (414)
0
$ (42)
0
$ (39)
$
$
278
(2)
$
276
$ 1,017
$
$
$
259
(4)
255
886
$
$
15
0
15
N/A
(2)
$
$
12
0
12
N/A
(2)
Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data
Information for Pension Plans with an Accumulated Benefit Obligation in Excess of Plan Assets
(In millions)
Accumulated benefit obligation
Fair value of plan assets
Pension Benefits
Japan
U.S.
2020
2019
$
425
416
$
390
344
2020
$
1,017
824
2019
$
886
644
Information for Pension Plans with a Projected Benefit Obligation in Excess of Plan Assets
(In millions)
Projected benefit obligation
Fair value of plan assets
Pension Benefits
Japan
(1)
U.S.
(2)
2020
2019
$
473
416
$
436
344
2020
$
1,204
824
2019
$
1,058
644
(1)
(2)
The net amount of projected benefit obligation and plan assets for the underfunded (including unfunded) Japan pension plan was $57 and $92 at
December 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively, and was classified as liabilities on the statement of financial position.
The net amount of projected benefit obligation and plan assets for the underfunded (including unfunded) U.S. pension plan was $380 and $414 at
December 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively, and was classified as liabilities on the statement of financial position.
Information for other postretirement benefit plans with an accumulated postretirement benefit obligation in excess of plan assets has been disclosed
in the note on “Obligations and Funded Status” because all the other postretirement benefit plans are unfunded or underfunded.
2020
Japan
2019
Pension Benefits
2018
2020
U.S.
2019
Other
Postretirement Benefits
2018
2020
2019
2018
Weighted-average
actuarial assumptions:
Discount rate - net periodic
benefit cost
Discount rate - benefit
obligations
Expected long-term return
on plan assets
Rate of compensation
increase
Health care cost trend rates
.75%
1.25%
1.25%
3.25%
4.25%
3.75%
3.25%
4.25%
3.75%
.75
2.00
N/A
N/A
(1)
(1)
.75
2.00
N/A
N/A
(1)
(1)
1.25
2.00
N/A
N/A
(1)
(1)
2.68
6.00
4.00
N/A
(1)
3.25
6.25
4.00
N/A
(1)
4.25
6.50
4.00
N/A
(1)
2.68
N/A
N/A
6.30
(1)
(1)
(2)
3.25
N/A
N/A
7.50
(1)
(1)
(2)
4.25
N/A
N/A
7.40
(1)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(2)
Not applicable
For the years 2020, 2019 and 2018, the health care cost trend rates are expected to trend down to 3.7% in 53 years, 3.8% in 54 years, and 4.1% in 61 years,
respectively.
The Company determines its discount rate assumption for its pension retirement obligations based on indices for AA corporate bonds with an
average duration of approximately 20 years for the Japan pension plans and 17 years for the U.S. pension plans, and determination of the U.S.
pension plans discount rate utilizes the 85-year extrapolated yield curve. In Japan, participant salary and future salary increases are not factors in
determining pension benefit cost or the related pension benefit obligation.
The Company bases its assumption for the long-term rate of return on assets on historical trends (10-year or longer historical rates of return for the
Japanese plan assets and 15-year historical rates of return for the U.S. plan assets), expected future market movement, as well as the portfolio mix
of securities in the asset portfolio including, but not limited to, style, class and equity and fixed income allocations. In addition, the Company's
consulting actuaries evaluate its assumptions for long-term rates of return under Actuarial Standards of Practice (ASOP). Under the ASOP, the
actual portfolio type, mix and class is modeled to determine a best estimate of the long-term rate of return. The Company in turn use those results to
further validate its own assumptions.
173
Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data
Components of Net Periodic Benefit Cost
Pension and other postretirement benefit expenses are included in acquisition and operating expenses in the consolidated statements of earnings,
which includes $30 million, $8 million and $25 million of other components of net periodic pension cost and postretirement costs (other than services
costs) for the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018, respectively. Total net periodic benefit cost includes the following components:
(In millions)
Service cost
Interest cost
Expected return on plan assets
Amortization of net actuarial loss
Amortization of prior service cost
Net periodic (benefit) cost
2020
$ 24
5
(7)
4
(1)
$ 25
Japan
2019
$ 22
7
(6)
4
0
$ 27
Pension Benefits
2018
$ 19
7
(6)
1
0
$ 21
2020
$ 29
34
(35)
26
(2)
$ 52
U.S.
2019
$ 23
20
(29)
10
0
$ 24
2018
$ 27
31
(26)
16
0
$ 48
Other
Postretirement Benefits
2019
0
$
1
0
1
0
2
2018
0
$
1
0
1
0
2
2020
0
$
1
0
2
0
3
$
$
$
Changes in Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income
The following table summarizes the amounts recognized in other comprehensive loss (income) for the years ended December 31:
Japan
2019
1
$
(4)
0
$ (3)
Pension Benefits
2018
$ 52
(1)
0
$ 51
2020
$ 45
(26)
2
$ 21
U.S.
2019
$ 95
(10)
0
$ 85
2018
$ (13)
(16)
0
$ (29)
(In millions)
Net actuarial loss (gain)
Amortization of net actuarial loss
Amortization of prior
service cost
Total
2020
$ (14)
(4)
1
$ (17)
No transition obligations arose during 2020.
Benefit Payments
The following table provides expected benefit payments, which reflect expected future service, as appropriate.
Other
Postretirement Benefits
2019
4
$
(1)
2018
4
$
(1)
2020
5
$
(2)
0
3
$
0
3
$
0
3
$
(In millions)
2021
2022
2023
2024
2025
2026-2030
Funding
Japan
$ 13
17
15
16
18
87
Pension Benefits
$
U.S.
30
31
32
34
35
223
Other
Postretirement Benefits
$
6
5
5
5
4
13
The Company plans to make contributions of $37 million to the Japanese funded defined benefit plan in 2021. The Company does not plan to make
any contributions to the U.S. funded defined benefit plan in 2021. The Company funded contributions of $100 million to the U.S. funded defined
benefit plan in 2020. The funding policy for the Company's non-qualified supplemental defined benefit pension plans and other postretirement
benefits plan is to contribute the amount of the benefit payments made during the year.
174
Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data
Plan Assets
The investment objective of the Company's Japanese and U.S. funded defined benefit plans is to preserve the purchasing power of the plan's assets
and earn a reasonable inflation-adjusted rate of return over the long term. Furthermore, the Company seeks to accomplish these objectives in a
manner that allows for the adequate funding of plan benefits and expenses. In order to achieve these objectives, the Company's goal is to maintain
a conservative, well-diversified and balanced portfolio of high-quality equity, fixed-income and money market securities. As a part of its strategy, the
Company has established strict policies covering quality, type and concentration of investment securities. For the Company's Japanese plan, these
policies include limitations on investments in derivatives including futures, options and swaps, and low-liquidity investments such as real estate,
venture capital investments, and privately issued securities. For the Company's U.S. plan, these policies prohibit investments in precious metals,
limited partnerships, venture capital, and direct investments in real estate. The Company is also prohibited from trading on margin.
The plan fiduciaries for the Company's funded defined benefit plans have developed guidelines for asset allocations reflecting a percentage of total
assets by asset class, which are reviewed on an annual basis. Asset allocation targets as of December 31, 2020 were as follows:
Domestic equities
International equities
Fixed income securities
Other
Total
Japan Pension
5 %
21
65
9
100 %
U.S. Pension
40 %
20
40
0
100 %
The U.S. Pension Plan had $169 million in cash at December 31, 2020. The plan fiduciaries authorized investing contributions made to the Plan in
2019 and 2020 on a graduated basis over a period of time.
The following table presents the fair value of Aflac Japan's pension plan assets that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of December
31. All of these assets are classified as Level 2 in the fair value hierarchy.
(In millions)
Japan pension plan assets:
Equities:
Japanese equity securities
International equity securities
Fixed income securities:
Japanese bonds
International bonds
Insurance contracts
Total
2020
2019
$
$
20
88
23
249
36
416
$
$
17
67
20
207
33
344
The following table presents the fair value of Aflac U.S.'s pension plan assets that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of December
31. All of these assets are classified as Level 1 in the fair value hierarchy.
175
Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data
(In millions)
U.S. pension plan assets:
Mutual funds:
Large cap equity funds
Mid cap equity funds
Real estate equity funds
International equity funds
Fixed income bond funds
Aflac Incorporated common stock
Cash and cash equivalents
Total
2020
2019
$ 234
24
19
136
237
5
169
$ 824
$ 179
22
16
112
209
6
100
$ 644
The fair values of the Company's pension plan investments categorized as Level 1, consisting of mutual funds and common stock, are based on
quoted market prices for identical securities traded in active markets that are readily and regularly available to the Company. The fair values of the
Company's pension plan investments classified as Level 2 are based on quoted prices for similar assets in markets that are not active, other inputs
that are observable, such as interest rates, yield curves, volatilities, prepayment speeds, loss severities, credit risks, and default rates, or other
market-corroborated inputs.
401(k) Plan
The Company sponsors a 401(k) plan in which it matches a portion of U.S. employees' contributions. The plan provides for salary reduction
contributions by employees and provides for matching contributions which, starting January 1, 2018, the Company increased to 100% of each
employee's contributions which were not in excess of 4% of the employee's annual cash compensation as a result of tax reform. The Company also
provides a nonelective contribution to the 401(k) plan of 2% of annual cash compensation for employees who opted out of the future benefits of the
U.S. defined benefit plan and for new U.S. employees. Effective January 1, 2021, the Company increased this nonelective contribution to 4% of
annual compensation.
The 401(k) contributions by the Company, included in acquisition and operating expenses in the consolidated statements of earnings, were $20
million in 2020 and $18 million in both 2019 and 2018. The plan trustee held approximately 2.5 million shares of the Company's common stock for
plan participants at December 31, 2020.
Stock Bonus Plan
Aflac U.S. maintains a stock bonus plan for eligible U.S. sales associates. Plan participants receive shares of Aflac Incorporated common stock
based on their new annualized premium sales and their first-year persistency of substantially all new insurance policies. The cost of this plan, which
was capitalized as deferred policy acquisition costs, amounted to $24 million in 2020 and $31 million in both 2019 and 2018.
Voluntary Separation Program
In September 2020, the Company announced a voluntary separation program for certain U.S. employees. The program provides eligible employees
with a severance package, including twelve months of salary, the employee's targeted bonus payout for 2020 and one year of Consolidated
Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act (COBRA) or retiree medical, if eligible. Employees accepted into this program were notified in October 2020 and
most transitions were completed by December 31, 2020, with a small number continuing into the first quarter of 2021. The Company recorded a one-
time severance charge of $43 million in the fourth quarter of 2020 related to the program.
15. COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENT LIABILITIES
The Company has two outsourcing agreements with a technology and consulting corporation. The first agreement provides mainframe computer
operations, distributed mid-range server computer operations, and related support for Aflac Japan. It has a remaining term of two years and an
aggregate remaining cost of ¥17.5 billion ($169 million using the December 31, 2020, exchange rate). The second agreement provides application
maintenance and development services for Aflac Japan. It has a remaining term of three years and an aggregate remaining cost of ¥4.6 billion ($45
million using the December 31, 2020, exchange rate).
176
Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data
The Company has one outsourcing agreement with a management consulting and technology services company to provide application maintenance
and development services for its Japanese operation. The agreement has a remaining term of one year with an aggregate remaining cost of ¥3.3
billion ($32 million using the December 31, 2020, exchange rate).
The Company has two outsourcing agreements with information technology and data services companies to provide application maintenance and
development services for its Japanese operation. The first agreement has a remaining term of two years with an aggregate remaining cost of ¥3.0
billion ($29 million using the December 31, 2020, exchange rate). The second agreement has a remaining term of five years with an aggregate
remaining cost of ¥13.7 billion ($133 million using the December 31, 2020, exchange rate).
The Company is a defendant in various lawsuits considered to be in the normal course of business. Members of the Company's senior legal and
financial management teams review litigation on a quarterly and annual basis. The final results of any litigation cannot be predicted with certainty.
Although some of this litigation is pending in states where large punitive damages, bearing little relation to the actual damages sustained by
plaintiffs, have been awarded in recent years, the Company believes the outcome of pending litigation will not have a material adverse effect on its
financial position, results of operations, or cash flows.
See Note 3 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements for details on certain investment commitments.
Guaranty Fund Assessments
The U.S. insurance industry has a policyholder protection system that is monitored and regulated by state insurance departments. These life and
health insurance guaranty associations are state entities (in all 50 states as well as Puerto Rico and the District of Columbia) created to protect
policyholders of an insolvent insurance company. All insurance companies (with limited exceptions) licensed to sell life or health insurance in a state
must be members of that state’s guaranty association. Under state guaranty association laws, certain insurance companies can be assessed (up to
prescribed limits) for certain obligations to the policyholders and claimants of impaired or insolvent insurance companies that write the same line or
similar lines of business.
In 2009, the Pennsylvania Insurance Commissioner placed long-term care insurer Penn Treaty Network America Insurance Company and its
subsidiary American Network Insurance Company (collectively referred to as Penn Treaty), neither of which is affiliated with Aflac, in rehabilitation
and petitioned a state court for approval to liquidate Penn Treaty. A final order of liquidation was granted by a recognized judicial authority on March
1, 2017, and as a result, Penn Treaty is in the process of liquidation. The Company estimated and recognized the impact of its share of guaranty
fund assessments resulting from the liquidation using a discounted rate of 4.25%. The Company recognized a discounted liability for the
assessments of $62 million (undiscounted $94 million), offset by discounted premium tax credits of $48 million (undiscounted $74 million), for a net
$14 million impact to net income in the quarter ended March 31, 2017. The Company paid a majority of these assessments by December 31, 2020.
The Company used the cost estimate provided as of the liquidation date by the National Organization of Life and Health Guaranty Associations
(NOLHGA) to calculate its estimated assessments and tax credits. Other guaranty fund assessments for the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019,
and 2018 were immaterial.
16. UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED QUARTERLY FINANCIAL DATA
In management's opinion, the following quarterly financial information fairly presents the results of operations for such periods and is prepared on a
basis consistent with the Company's annual audited financial statements.
177
Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data
(In millions, except for per-share amounts)
Net premium income
Net investment income
Net investment gains (losses)
Other income (loss)
Total revenues
Total benefits and expenses
Earnings before income taxes
Total income tax
Net earnings
Net earnings per basic share
Net earnings per diluted share
March 31,
2020
$ 4,681
904
(463)
40
5,162
4,442
720
154
566
$
$
.78
.78
June 30,
2020
$ 4,664
870
(170)
43
5,407
4,337
1,070
265
805
$
$
1.12
1.12
Quarterly amounts may not agree in total to the corresponding annual amounts due to rounding.
(In millions, except for per-share amounts)
Net premium income
Net investment income
Net investment gains (losses)
Other income (loss)
Total revenues
Total benefits and expenses
Earnings before income taxes
Total income tax
Net earnings
Net earnings per basic share
Net earnings per diluted share
March 31,
2019
$ 4,691
878
71
17
5,657
4,415
1,242
314
928
$
$
1.23
1.23
June 30,
2019
$ 4,681
878
(66)
18
5,511
4,402
1,109
292
817
$
$
1.10
1.09
Quarterly amounts may not agree in total to the corresponding annual amounts due to rounding.
178
$
September 30,
2020
4,623
896
108
38
5,665
4,512
1,153
(1,303)
2,456
$
$
3.45
3.44
$
September 30,
2019
4,736
936
(153)
17
5,536
4,500
1,036
259
777
$
$
1.05
1.04
December 31,
2020
$ 4,653
968
256
36
5,913
4,697
1,216
265
951
$
$
1.36
1.35
December 31,
2019
$ 4,671
886
12
34
5,603
4,545
1,058
276
782
$
$
1.07
1.06
Item 9. Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure
ITEM 9. CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS ON ACCOUNTING AND FINANCIAL
DISCLOSURE
There have been no changes in, or disagreements with, accountants on accounting and financial disclosure matters during the years ended
December 31, 2020 and 2019.
ITEM 9A. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES
Disclosure Controls and Procedures
The Company's management, with the participation of the Company's Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, has evaluated the
effectiveness of the Company's disclosure controls and procedures (as such term is defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Exchange
Act) as of the end of the period covered by this annual report (the “Evaluation Date”). Based on such evaluation, the Company's Chief Executive
Officer and Chief Financial Officer have concluded that, as of the Evaluation Date, the Company's disclosure controls and procedures are effective.
(a) Management's Annual Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
Management's Annual Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting is incorporated herein by reference from Part II, Item 8 of this report.
(b) Attestation Report of the Registered Public Accounting Firm
The Attestation Report of the Registered Public Accounting Firm on the Company's internal control over financial reporting is incorporated herein by
reference from Part II, Item 8 of this report.
(c) Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
There have not been any changes in the Company's internal control over financial reporting (as such term is defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-
15(f) under the Exchange Act) during the last fiscal quarter of 2020 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, the
Company's internal control over financial reporting.
ITEM 9B. OTHER INFORMATION
Not applicable.
179
Item 10. Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance
Pursuant to General Instruction G to Form 10-K, Items 10 through 14 are incorporated by reference from the Company's definitive Notice and Proxy
Statement relating to the Company's 2021 Annual Meeting of Shareholders, which will be filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on or
about March 18, 2021, pursuant to Regulation 14A under the Exchange Act. The Audit Committee Report and Compensation Committee Report to
be included in such proxy statement shall be deemed to be furnished in this report and shall not be incorporated by reference into any filing under
the Securities Act of 1933 as a result of such furnishing in Items 10 and 11, respectively.
PART III
ITEM 10.
DIRECTORS, EXECUTIVE
OFFICERS AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE
1. Election of Directors; Delinquent Section 16(a) Reports; Audit and Risk
Committee; Audit and Risk Committee Report; Director Nominating
Process; and Code of Business Conduct and Ethics
Refer to the Information Contained in the Proxy
Statement under Captions (filed electronically)
Information about the Company's
Executive Officers -see Part I, Item 1 herein
ITEM 11.
EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION
Director Compensation; Compensation Committee; Compensation
Committee Report; Compensation Discussion and Analysis; 2020
Summary Compensation Table; 2020 Grants of Plan-Based
Awards; 2020 Outstanding Equity Awards at Fiscal Year-End;
2020 Option Exercises and Stock Vested; Pension Benefits;
Nonqualified Deferred Compensation; Potential Payments Upon
Termination or Change-In-Control; and Compensation Committee
Interlocks and Insider Participation
ITEM 12.
SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS
AND MANAGEMENT AND RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS
Principal Shareholders; Election of Directors (Proposal 1);
Security Ownership of Management; and Equity
Compensation Plan Information
ITEM 13.
CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED
TRANSACTIONS, AND DIRECTOR INDEPENDENCE
ITEM 14.
PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTING FEES AND SERVICES
Related Person Transactions; and Director Independence
Ratification of Appointment of Independent Registered Public
Accounting Firm (Proposal 3); and Audit and Risk Committee
180
Item 15. Exhibits, Financial Statement Schedules
ITEM 15. EXHIBITS, FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES
PART IV
(a)
1. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Page(s)
Included in Part II, Item 8, of this report:
Aflac Incorporated and Subsidiaries:
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
Consolidated Statements of Earnings for each of the years in the three-
year period ended December 31, 2020
Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss) for each of the
years in the three-year period ended December 31, 2020
Consolidated Balance Sheets as of December 31, 2020 and 2019
Consolidated Statements of Shareholders' Equity for each of the years
in the three-year period ended December 31, 2020
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for each of the years in the
three-year period ended December 31, 2020
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements
Unaudited Consolidated Quarterly Financial Data
2. FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES
Included in Part IV of this report:
Schedule II -
Schedule III -
Schedule IV -
3. EXHIBIT INDEX
Condensed Financial Information of Registrant as of December 31, 2020 and
2019, and for each of the years in the three-year period ended December 31,
2020
Supplementary Insurance Information as of December 31, 2020 and 2019, and
for each of the years in the three-year period ended December 31, 2020
Reinsurance for each of the years in the three-year period ended December 31,
2020
An “Exhibit Index” has been filed as part of this Report beginning on the following page and is incorporated herein by
this reference.
83
87
88
89
90
92
93
177
192
198
199
Schedules other than those listed above are omitted because they are not required, are not material, are not applicable, or the required information
is shown in the financial statements or notes thereto.
In reviewing the agreements included as exhibits to this annual report, please remember they are included to provide you with information regarding
their terms and are not intended to provide any other factual or disclosure information about the Company or the other parties to the agreements.
The agreements contain representations and warranties by each of the parties to the applicable agreement. These representations and warranties
have been made solely for the benefit of the other parties to the applicable agreement and:
•
•
should not in all instances be treated as categorical statements of fact, but rather as a way of allocating the risk to one of the parties if those
statements prove to be inaccurate;
have been qualified by disclosures that were made to the other party in connection with the negotiation of the applicable agreement, which
disclosures are not necessarily reflected in the agreement;
• may apply standards of materiality in a way that is different from what may be viewed as material to you or other investors; and
•
were made only as of the date of the applicable agreement or such other date or dates as may be specified in the agreement and are
subject to more recent developments.
Accordingly, these representations and warranties may not describe the actual state of affairs as of the date they were made or at any other time.
181
Item 16. Form 10-K Summary
ITEM 16. FORM 10-K SUMMARY
Not applicable
182
Glossary of Selected Terms
Throughout this Annual Report on Form 10-K, the Company may use
certain performance metrics and other terms which are defined
below.
Adjusted Net Investment Income - Net Investment Income
adjusted for i) amortized hedge cost/income related to foreign
currency exposure management strategies and certain derivative
activity and ii) net interest cash flows from foreign currency and
interest
rate derivatives associated with certain investment
strategies, which are reclassified from net investment gains and
(losses) to net investment income. The Company considers adjusted
net investment income important because it provides a more
comprehensive understanding of the costs and income associated
with the Company's investments and related hedging strategies. The
metric is used in segment reporting as a component of segment
profitability.
Affiliated Corporate Agency – Agency in Japan directly affiliated
with a specific corporation that sells insurance policies primarily to its
employees.
Annualized Premiums in Force – The amount of gross premium
that a policyholder must pay over a full year in order to keep
coverage. The growth of net premiums (defined below) is directly
affected by the change in premiums in force and by the change in
weighted-average yen/dollar exchange rates.
Average Weekly Producer – The total number of writing associates
who have produced greater than $0.00 during the production week -
excluding any manual adjustments divided by the number of weeks
in the time period. The Company believes this metric allows sales
management to monitor progress and needs, as well as serve as a
leading indicator of future production capacity.
Capital Buffer – Established dollar amount of liquidity at the Parent
Company reserved for injecting capital into the insurance entities or
general liquidity support for general expenses at the Parent
Company. Currently, the capital buffer is $1.0 billion and is part of
$2.0 billion minimum balance at the Parent Company.
Earnings Per Basic Share – Net earnings divided by weighted-
average number of shares outstanding for the period.
Earnings Per Diluted Share – Net earnings divided by the
weighted-average number of shares outstanding for the period plus
the weighted-average shares for the dilutive effect of share-based
awards outstanding.
Group Insurance – Insurance issued to a group, such as an
employer or trade association, that covers
183
employees or association members and their dependents through
certificates of coverage.
Individual Insurance – Insurance issued to an individual with the
policy designed to cover that person and his or her dependents.
In-force Policies – A count of policies that are active contracts at
the end of a period.
supporting potential
liquidity reserved for
Liquidity Support – Internally defined and established dollar amount
of
and
settlements of derivatives at the Parent Company. Currently, the
liquidity support is $1.0 billion and is part of the $2.0 billion minimum
balance at the Parent Company.
Net Investment Income – The income derived from interest and
dividends on invested assets, after deducting investment expenses.
collateral
Net Premiums – (sometimes referred to as net premium income or
net earned premiums) is a financial measure that appears on the
Company's Consolidated Statements of Earnings and in its segment
reporting. This measure reflects collected or due premiums that have
been earned ratably on policies in force during the reporting period,
reduced by premiums that have been ceded to third parties and
increased by premiums assumed through reinsurance.
New Annualized Premium Sales – (sometimes referred to as new
sales or sales) An operating measure that is not reflected on the
Company's financial statements. New annualized premium sales
generally represent annual premiums on policies the Company sold
and incremental increases from policy conversions that would be
collected over a 12-month period assuming the policies remain in
force for that entire period. For Aflac Japan, new annualized
premium sales are determined by applications submitted during the
reporting period. For Aflac U.S., new annualized premium sales are
determined by applications. that are issued during the reporting
period. Policy conversions are defined as the positive difference in
the annualized premium when a policy upgrades in the current
reporting period.
and equities.
loan receivables,
New Money Yield – Gross yields earned on purchases of fixed
maturities,
Purchases exclude
capitalized interest, securities lending/repurchase agreements, short-
term/cash activity, and alternatives. New money yield for equities is
based on the assumed dividend yield at the time of purchase. The
new money yield for Aflac Japan excludes the impact of any
derivatives and associated amortized hedge costs associated with
USD-denominated investments. Management uses this metric as a
leading indicator of future investment earning potential.
segment operating earnings for the period (excluding hedge costs) in
dollars. Management uses this metric to evaluate and determine
consolidated results on foreign currency effective basis.
Operating Ratios – Used to evaluate the Company's financial
condition and profitability. Examples include: (1) Ratios to total
adjusted revenues, which present expenses as a percentage of total
revenues and (2) Ratios to total premium, including benefit ratio.
Persistency – Percentage of premiums remaining in force at the end
of a period, usually one year. For example, 95% persistency would
mean that 95% of the premiums in force at the beginning of the
period were still in force at the end of the period.
Pretax Adjusted Earnings – Earnings as adjusted earnings before
the application of income taxes. This measure is used in the
Company's segment reporting.
Pretax Adjusted Profit Margin – Adjusted earnings divided by
adjusted revenues, before taxes are applied. This measure is used in
the Company's segment reporting.
Return on Average Invested Assets – Net investment income as a
percentage of
average invested assets during the period.
Management uses this metric to demonstrate how our actual net
investment income results represent an overall return on the portfolio
to provide a more comparative metric as the size of our investment
portfolio changes over time.
Risk-based Capital (RBC) Ratio – Statutory adjusted capital divided
by statutory required capital. This insurance ratio is based on rules
prescribed by the National Association of Insurance Commissioners
(NAIC) and provides an indication of the amount of statutory capital
the insurance company maintains, relative to the inherent risks in the
insurer’s operations.
Solvency Margin Ratio (SMR) – Solvency margin total divided by
one half of the risk total. This insurance ratio is prescribed by the
Japan Financial Services Agency (FSA) and is used for all life
insurance companies in Japan to measure the adequacy of the
company’s ability to pay policyholder claims in the event actual risks
exceed expected levels.
Statutory Earnings – Earnings determined according to accounting
rules prescribed by the National
Insurance
Commissioners (NAIC), as modified by the insurance department in
These statutory
the insurance company’s state of
accounting rules are different from U.S. GAAP and are intended to
emphasize policyholder protection and company solvency.
Association of
domicile.
Total Return to Shareholders – Appreciation of a shareholder’s
investment over a period of time, including reinvested cash dividends
paid during that time.
Weighted-Average Foreign Currency Exchange Rate –Japan
segment operating earnings for the period (excluding hedge costs) in
yen divided by Japan
184
Throughout this Annual Report on Form 10-K, the Company may use abbreviations, acronyms and defined terms which are defined below.
Defined Terms
ACA
AFS
ALM
AOCI
APPI
ASC
ASOP
ASU
BoJ
CAA
CARES
CDSs
CFTC
CMLs
COBRA
COSO
CSAs
DAC
DTL
Dodd-Frank
DSCR
DTA
ECB
EPS
FASB
FHLB
FIO
FSA
GCC
GLBA
HIPAA
HTM
ICS
IRS
ISDA
ISOs
Japan Post Group
Japan Post Holdings
JGB
JPC
JPI
LDP
LIBOR
LIPPC
Affordable Care Act
Available-for-Sale
Asset-Liability Matching
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income
Act on the Protection of Personal Information
Accounting Standards Codification
Actuarial Standards of Practice
Accounting Standards Update
Bank of Japan
The Consolidated Appropriations Act
Coronavirus, Aid, Relief, and Economic Security
Credit Default Swaps
Commodity Futures Trading Commission
Commercial Mortgage Loans
Consolidated Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act
Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission
Credit Support Annexes
Deferred Policy Acquisition Costs
Deferred Tax Liability
Title VII of the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act of 2010
Debt Service Coverage Ratios
Deferred Tax Asset
European Central Bank
Earnings Per Share
Financial Accounting Standard Boards
Federal Home Loan Bank of Atlanta
Federal Insurance Office
Japanese Financial Services Agency
Group Capital Calculation
Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act of 1999
Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996
Held-to-Maturity
Insurance Capital Standard
Internal Revenue Service
International Swaps and Derivatives Association, Inc.
Incentive Stock Options
Japan Post Holdings Co., Ltd., JPC and JPI, collectively
Japan Post Holdings Co., Ltd.
Japan Government Bond
Japan Post Co. Ltd
Japan Post Insurance Co., Ltd.
Liberal Democratic Party
London Interbank Offered Rate
Life Insurance Policyholder Protection Corporation
185
LGD
MD&A
MMLs
MOF
NAIC
NDOI
NOL
NOLHGA
NQSOs
NRSROs
NYDFS
OIS
ORSA
OTC
OTTI
PCAOB
PCD Financial Assets
PCI Financial Assets
PD
PPP
PRM
PSUs
RBC
ROE
S&P 500
S&P Life and Health
SAB 118
SAP
SCDOI
SEC
SIFMA
Singapore Life
SMI
SMR
SOFR
TAC
Tax Act
TDRs
The Plan
TIBOR
TREs
TTM
U.S. GAAP
UST
VIEs
Loss-Given-Default
Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
Middle Market Loans
Ministry of Finance
National Association of Insurance Commissioners
Nebraska Department of Insurance
Net Operating Loss
National Organization of Life and Health Guaranty Associations
Non-qualifying Stock Options
Nationally Recognized Statistical Rating Organizations
New York Department of Financial Services
Overnight Index Swap
Own Risk and Solvency Assessment
Over-the-Counter
Other-than-temporary Impairment
Public Company Accounting Oversight Board
Purchased Credit-Deteriorated Financial Assets
Purchased Credit-Impaired Financial Assets
Probability-of-Default
Paycheck Protection Program
Policy Reserve Matching
Performance-based restricted stock units
Risk-Based Capital
Return on Equity
Standard & Poor's 500 Index
Standard & Poor's Life and Health Insurance Index
Staff Accounting Bulletin 118
Statutory Accounting Principles
South Carolina Department of Insurance
Securities and Exchange Commission
Securities Industry and Financial Markets Association
Singapore Life Pte. Ltd.
Solvency Modernization Initiative
Solvency Margin Ratio
Secured Overnight Financing Rate
Total Adjusted Capital
Tax Cuts and Jobs Act
Troubled Debt Restructurings
Aflac Incorporated Long-Term Incentive Plan
Tokyo Interbank Market Rate
Transitional Real Estate Loans
Telegraphic Transfer Middle Rate
U.S. Generally Accepted Accounting Principles
Treasury Obligations of the U.S. Government
Variable Interest Entities
186
(b) EXHIBIT INDEX
(1)
3.0
3.1
4.0
4.1
4.2
4.3
4.4
4.5
4.6
4.7
4.8
4.9
4.10
4.11
4.12
4.13
4.14
4.15
4.16
- Articles of Incorporation, as amended – incorporated by reference from Form 10-Q for June 30, 2008, Exhibit 3.0.
- Bylaws of the Corporation, as amended and restated – incorporated by reference from Form 8-K dated April 6, 2020,
Exhibit 3.1.
- There are no instruments with respect to long-term debt not being registered in which the total amount of securities
authorized exceeds 10% of the total assets of Aflac Incorporated and its subsidiaries on a consolidated basis. The
Company agrees to furnish a copy of any long-term debt instrument to the Securities and Exchange Commission upon
request.
- Description of common stock securities registered pursuant to Section 12 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 –
-
incorporated by reference from 2019 Form 10-K, Exhibit 4.1.
Indenture, dated as of May 21, 2009, between Aflac Incorporated and The Bank of New York Mellon Trust Company,
N.A., as trustee – incorporated by reference from Form 8-K dated May 21, 2009, Exhibit 4.1.
- Second Supplemental Indenture, dated as of December 17, 2009, between Aflac Incorporated and The Bank of New
York Mellon Trust Company, N.A., as trustee (including the form of 6.900% Senior Note due 2039) – incorporated by
reference from Form 8-K dated December 14, 2009, Exhibit 4.1.
- Third Supplemental Indenture, dated as of August 9, 2010, between Aflac Incorporated and The Bank of New York
Mellon Trust Company, N.A., as trustee (including the form of 6.45% Senior Note due 2040) - incorporated by reference
from Form 8-K dated August 4, 2010, Exhibit 4.1.
- Sixth Supplemental Indenture, dated as of February 10, 2012, between Aflac Incorporated and The Bank of New York
Mellon Trust Company, N.A., as trustee (including the form of 4.00% Senior Note due 2022) - incorporated by reference
from Form 8-K dated February 8, 2012, Exhibit 4.2.
- Eighth Supplemental Indenture, dated as of June 10, 2013, between Aflac Incorporated and The Bank of New York
Mellon Trust Company, N.A., as trustee (including the form of 3.625% Senior Note due 2023) - incorporated by reference
from Form 8-K dated June 10, 2013, Exhibit 4.1.
- Ninth Supplemental Indenture, dated as of November 7, 2014, between Aflac Incorporated and The Bank of New York
Mellon Trust Company, N.A., as trustee (including the form of 3.625% Senior Note due 2024) - incorporated by reference
from Form 8-K dated November 4, 2014, Exhibit 4.1.
- Eleventh Supplemental Indenture, dated as of March 12, 2015, between Aflac Incorporated and The Bank of New York
Mellon Trust Company, N.A., as trustee (including the form of 3.25% Senior Note due 2025) - incorporated by reference
from Form 8-K dated March 9, 2015, Exhibit 4.2.
- Twelfth Supplemental Indenture, dated as of September 19, 2016, between Aflac Incorporated and The Bank of New
York Mellon Trust Company, N.A., as trustee (including the form of 2.875% Senior Note due 2026) - incorporated by
reference from Form 8-K dated September 19, 2016, Exhibit 4.1.
- Thirteenth Supplemental Indenture, dated as of September 19, 2016, between Aflac Incorporated and The Bank of New
York Mellon Trust Company, N.A., as trustee (including the form of 4.000% Senior Note due 2046) – incorporated by
reference from Form 8-K dated September 19, 2016, Exhibit 4.2.
- Fourteenth Supplemental Indenture, dated as of January 25, 2017, between Aflac Incorporated and The Bank of New
York Mellon Trust Company, N.A., as trustee (including the form of .932% Senior Note due 2027) – incorporated by
reference from Form 8-K dated January 25, 2017, Exhibit 4.1.
- Fifteenth Supplemental Indenture, dated as of October 18, 2018, between Aflac Incorporated and The Bank of New York
Mellon Trust Company, N.A., as trustee (including the form of 1.159% Senior Note due 2030) – incorporated by
reference from Form 8-K dated October 18, 2018, Exhibit 4.1.
- Sixteenth Supplemental Indenture, dated as of October 18, 2018, between Aflac Incorporated and The Bank of New York
Mellon Trust Company, N.A., as trustee (including the form of 1.488% Senior Note due 2033) – incorporated by
reference from Form 8-K dated October 18, 2018, Exhibit 4.2.
- Seventeenth Supplemental Indenture, dated as of October 18, 2018, between Aflac Incorporated and The Bank of New
York Mellon Trust Company, N.A., as trustee (including the form of 1.750% Senior Note due 2038) – incorporated by
reference from Form 8-K dated October 18, 2018, Exhibit 4.3.
- Eighteenth Supplemental Indenture, dated as of October 31, 2018, between Aflac Incorporated and The Bank of New
York Mellon Trust Company, N.A., as trustee (including the form of 4.750% Senior Note due 2049) – incorporated by
reference from Form 8-K dated October 31, 2018, Exhibit 4.1.
- Nineteenth Supplemental Indenture, dated as of December 17, 2019, between Aflac Incorporated and The Bank of New
York Mellon Trust Company, N.A., as trustee (including the form of 0.500% Senior Note due 2029) – incorporated by
reference from Form 8-K dated December 17, 2019, Exhibit 4.1.
187
4.17
4.18
4.19
4.20
4.21
4.22
4.23
4.24
4.25
4.26
10.0*
10.1*
10.2*
10.3*
10.4*
10.5*
10.6*
10.7*
10.8*
10.9*
- Twentieth Supplemental Indenture, dated as of December 17, 2019, between Aflac Incorporated and The Bank of New
York Mellon Trust Company, N.A., as trustee (including the form of 0.843% Senior Note due 2031) – incorporated by
reference from Form 8-K dated December 17, 2019, Exhibit 4.2.
- Twenty-First Supplemental Indenture, dated as of December 17, 2019, between Aflac Incorporated and The Bank of New
York Mellon Trust Company, N.A., as trustee (including the form of 0.934% Senior Note due 2034) – incorporated by
reference from Form 8-K dated December 17, 2019, Exhibit 4.3.
- Twenty-Second Supplemental Indenture, dated as of December 17, 2019, between Aflac Incorporated and The Bank of
New York Mellon Trust Company, N.A., as trustee (including the form of 1.122% Senior Note due 2039) – incorporated
by reference from Form 8-K dated December 17, 2019, Exhibit 4.4.
- Twenty-Third Supplemental Indenture, dated as of March 12, 2020, between Aflac Incorporated and The Bank of New
York Mellon Trust Company, N.A., as trustee (including the form of 0.300% Senior Note due 2025) – incorporated by
reference from Form 8-K dated March 12, 2020, Exhibit 4.1.
- Twenty-Fourth Supplemental Indenture, dated as of March 12, 2020, between Aflac Incorporated and The Bank of New
York Mellon Trust Company, N.A., as trustee (including the form of 0.550% Senior Note due 2030) – incorporated by
reference from Form 8-K dated March 12, 2020, Exhibit 4.2.
- Twenty-Fifth Supplemental Indenture, dated as of March 12, 2020, between Aflac Incorporated and The Bank of New
York Mellon Trust Company, N.A., as trustee (including the form of 0.750% Senior Note due 2032) – incorporated by
reference from Form 8-K dated March 12, 2020, Exhibit 4.3.
- Twenty-Sixth Supplemental Indenture, dated as of March 12, 2020, between Aflac Incorporated and The Bank of New
York Mellon Trust Company, N.A., as trustee (including the form of 0.830% Senior Note due 2035) – incorporated by
reference from Form 8-K dated March 12, 2020, Exhibit 4.4.
- Twenty-Seventh Supplemental Indenture, dated as of April 1, 2020, between Aflac Incorporated and The Bank of New
York Mellon Trust Company, N.A., as trustee (including the form of 3.600% Senior Note due 2030) – incorporated by
reference from Form 8-K dated April 1, 2020, Exhibit 4.1.
- Subordinated Indenture, dated as of September 26, 2012, between Aflac Incorporated and The Bank of New York Mellon
Trust Company, N.A., as trustee – incorporated by reference from Form 8-K dated September 26, 2012, Exhibit 4.1.
- Second Supplemental Indenture, dated as of October 23, 2017, between Aflac Incorporated and The Bank of New York
Mellon Trust Company, N.A., as trustee (including the form of 2.108% Subordinated Debenture due 2047) - incorporated
by reference from Form 8-K dated October 23, 2017, Exhibit 4.1.
- American Family Corporation Retirement Plan for Senior Officers, as amended and restated October 1, 1989 –
incorporated by reference from 1993 Form 10-K, Exhibit 10.2.
- Amendment to American Family Corporation Retirement Plan for Senior Officers, dated December 8, 2008 –
incorporated by reference from 2008 Form 10-K, Exhibit 10.1.
- Second Amendment to the American Family Corporation Retirement Plan for Senior Officers, dated November 16, 2012
– incorporated by reference from Form 10-Q for September 30, 2016, Exhibit 10.2.
- Third Amendment to the American Family Corporation Retirement Plan for Senior Officers, dated October 18, 2016 –
incorporated by reference from Form 10-Q for September 30, 2016, Exhibit 10.3.
- Aflac Incorporated Supplemental Executive Retirement Plan, as amended and restated January 1, 2009 – incorporated
by reference from 2008 Form 10-K, Exhibit 10.5.
- First Amendment to the Aflac Incorporated Supplemental Executive Retirement Plan, as amended and restated January
1, 2009 – incorporated by reference from 2012 Form 10-K, Exhibit 10.3.
- Second Amendment to the Aflac Incorporated Supplemental Executive Retirement Plan, as amended and restated
January 1, 2009 – incorporated by reference from 2014 Form 10-K, Exhibit 10.4.
- Aflac Incorporated Executive Deferred Compensation Plan, as amended and restated, effective September 1, 2015 –
incorporated by reference from Form 10-Q for September 30, 2015, Exhibit 10.5.
- First Amendment to the Aflac Incorporated Executive Deferred Compensation Plan, as amended and restated, effective
September 1, 2015 – incorporated by reference from Form 10-Q for September 30, 2016, Exhibit 10.8.
- Second Amendment to the Aflac Incorporated Executive Deferred Compensation Plan, as amended and restated,
effective September 1, 2015 – incorporated by reference from Form 10-Q for March 31, 2017, Exhibit 10.9.
188
10.10*
10.11*
10.12*
10.13*
10.14*
10.15*
10.16*
10.17*
10.18*
10.19*
10.20*
10.21*
10.22*
10.23*
10.24*
10.25*
10.26*
10.27*
10.28*
10.29*
10.30*
10.31*
- Third Amendment to the Aflac Incorporated Executive Deferred Compensation Plan, as amended and restated, effective
September 1, 2015 – incorporated by reference from 2018 Form 10-K, Exhibit 10.10.
- Aflac Incorporated Executive Deferred Compensation Plan, as amended and restated, effective January 1, 2020 –
incorporated by reference from 2019 Form 10-K, Exhibit 10.11.
- First Amendment to the Aflac Incorporated Executive Deferred Compensation Plan, as amended
and restated, effective January 1, 2020 – incorporated by reference from Form 10-Q for June 30, 2020, Exhibit 10.1.
- Aflac Incorporated 2013 Management Incentive Plan – incorporated by reference from the 2012 Proxy Statement,
Appendix B.
- Aflac Incorporated 2018 Management Incentive Plan - incorporated by reference from the 2017 Proxy Statement,
Appendix B.
- 1999 Aflac Associate Stock Bonus Plan, amended and restated as of January 1, 2013 – incorporated by reference from
Form 10-Q for March 31, 2013, Exhibit 10.10.
- Aflac Incorporated 1997 Stock Option Plan – incorporated by reference from the 1997 Shareholders’ Proxy Statement,
Appendix B.
- Form of Officer Stock Option Agreement (Non-Qualifying Stock Option) under the Aflac Incorporated 1997 Stock Option
Plan – incorporated by reference from Form 8-K dated January 28, 2005, Exhibit 10.5.
- Form of Officer Stock Option Agreement (Incentive Stock Option) under the Aflac Incorporated 1997 Stock Option Plan –
incorporated by reference from Form 8-K dated January 28, 2005, Exhibit 10.6.
- Notice of grant of stock options and stock option agreement to officers under the Aflac Incorporated 1997 Stock Option
Plan – incorporated by reference from Form 8-K dated January 28, 2005, Exhibit 10.7.
- 2004 Aflac Incorporated Long-Term Incentive Plan, as amended and restated March 14, 2012 – incorporated by
reference from the 2012 Proxy Statement, Appendix A.
- Form of Non-Employee Director Stock Option Agreement (NQSO) under the 2004 Aflac Incorporated Long-Term
Incentive Plan, as amended and restated March 14, 2012 – incorporated by reference from Form 10-Q for March 31,
2016, Exhibit 10.13.
- Notice of grant of stock options to non-employee director under the 2004 Aflac Incorporated Long-Term Incentive Plan,
as amended and restated March 14, 2012 – incorporated by reference from Form 10-Q for March 31, 2016, Exhibit
10.14.
- Form of Non-Employee Director Restricted Stock Award Agreement under the 2004 Aflac Incorporated Long-Term
Incentive Plan, as amended and restated March 14, 2012 – incorporated by reference from Form 10-Q for March 31,
2016, Exhibit 10.15.
- Notice of restricted stock award to non-employee director under the 2004 Aflac Incorporated Long-Term Incentive Plan,
as amended and restated March 14, 2012 – incorporated by reference from Form 10-Q for March 31, 2016, Exhibit
10.16.
- U.S. Form of Employee Restricted Stock Award Agreement under the 2004 Aflac Incorporated Long-Term Incentive
Plan, as amended and restated March 14, 2012 – incorporated by reference from Form 10-Q for March 31, 2016, Exhibit
10.17.
- Japan Form of Employee Restricted Stock Award Agreement under the 2004 Aflac Incorporated Long-Term Incentive
Plan, as amended and restated March 14, 2012 – incorporated by reference from Form 10-Q for March 31, 2016, Exhibit
10.18.
- Notice of time based restricted stock award under the 2004 Aflac Incorporated Long-Term Incentive Plan, as amended
and restated March 14, 2012 – incorporated by reference from Form 10-Q for June 30, 2013, Exhibit 10.22.
- Notice of performance based restricted stock award under the 2004 Aflac Incorporated Long-Term Incentive Plan, as
amended and restated March 14, 2012 – incorporated by reference from Form 10-Q for March 31, 2016, Exhibit 10.20.
- U.S. Form of Employee Stock Option Agreement (Non-Qualifying Stock Option) under the 2004 Aflac Incorporated
Long-Term Incentive Plan, as amended and restated March 14, 2012 – incorporated by reference from Form 10-Q for
March 31, 2016, Exhibit 10.21.
- Japan Form of Employee Stock Option Agreement (Non-Qualifying Stock Option) under the 2004 Aflac Incorporated
Long-Term Incentive Plan, as amended and restated March 14, 2012 – incorporated by reference from Form 10-Q for
March 31, 2016, Exhibit 10.22.
- U.S. Form of Employee Stock Option Agreement (Incentive Stock Option) under the 2004 Aflac Incorporated Long-Term
Incentive Plan, as amended and restated March 14, 2012 – incorporated by reference from Form 10-Q for March 31,
2016, Exhibit 10.23.
189
10.32*
10.33*
10.34*
10.35*
10.36*
10.37*
10.38*
10.39*
10.40*
10.41*
10.42*
10.43*
10.44*
10.45*
10.46*
10.47*
10.48*
10.49*
10.50*
10.51*
10.52*
10.53
- U.S. Notice of grant of stock options under the 2004 Aflac Incorporated Long-Term Incentive Plan, as amended and
restated March 14, 2012 – incorporated by reference from Form 10-Q for June 30, 2013, Exhibit 10.28.
- Japan Notice of grant of stock options under the 2004 Aflac Incorporated Long-Term Incentive Plan, as amended and
restated March 14, 2012 – incorporated by reference from Form 10-Q for June 30, 2013, Exhibit 10.29.
- Japan Form of Restricted Stock Unit Agreement under the 2004 Aflac Incorporated Long-Term Incentive Plan, as
amended and restated March 14, 2012 – incorporated by reference from Form 10-Q for March 31, 2016, Exhibit 10.26.
- Aflac Incorporated Long-Term Incentive Plan, as amended and restated February 14, 2017 – incorporated by reference
from Form 8-K dated May 1, 2017, Exhibit 10.1.
- Form of Non-Employee Director Stock Option Agreement (Non-Qualifying Stock Option) under the Aflac Incorporated
Long-Term Incentive Plan, as amended and restated February 14, 2017 – incorporated by reference from Form 10-Q for
June 30, 2017, Exhibit 10.33.
- Form of Non-Employee Director Restricted Stock Award Agreement under the Aflac Incorporated Long-Term Incentive
Plan, as amended and restated February 14, 2017 – incorporated by reference from Form 10-Q for June 30, 2017,
Exhibit 10.34.
- Notice of time based restricted stock unit and restricted stock unit agreement under the 2004 Aflac Incorporated Long-
Term Incentive Plan, as amended and restated March 14, 2012 – incorporated by reference from Form 10-Q for March
31, 2018, Exhibit 10.1.
- 2017 Notice of performance based restricted stock and restricted stock award agreement under the 2004 Aflac
Incorporated Long-Term Incentive Plan, as amended and restated March 14, 2012 – incorporated by reference from
Form 10-Q for March 31, 2018, Exhibit 10.2.
- Notice of time based restricted stock unit and restricted stock unit agreement under the Aflac Incorporated Long-Term
Incentive Plan, as amended and restated February 14, 2017 – incorporated by reference from Form 10-Q for March 31,
2018, Exhibit 10.3.
- 2018 Notice of performance based restricted stock and restricted stock award agreement under the Aflac Incorporated
Long-Term Incentive Plan, as amended and restated February 14, 2017 – incorporated by reference from Form 10-Q for
March 31, 2018, Exhibit 10.4.
- Aflac Incorporated Retirement Plan for Directors Emeritus, as amended and restated, dated February 9, 2010 –
incorporated by reference from 2009 Form 10-K, Exhibit 10.26.
- Amendment to Aflac Incorporated Retirement Plan for Directors Emeritus, as amended and restated, dated August 10,
2010 – incorporated by reference from Form 10-Q for September 30, 2010, Exhibit 10.27.
- Aflac Life Insurance Japan Ltd. Officer Retirement Plan – incorporated by reference from 2019 Form 10-K,
Exhibit 10.43.
- Aflac Incorporated Employment Agreement with Daniel P. Amos, as amended and restated, dated August 20, 2015 –
incorporated by reference from Form 10-Q for September 30, 2015, Exhibit 10.29.
- Aflac Employment Agreement with Eric M. Kirsch, as amended and restated, dated December 1, 2015 – incorporated
by reference from Form 8-K dated December 1, 2015, Exhibit 10.1.
- Amendment to Aflac Employment Agreement with Eric M. Kirsch, dated November 30, 2017 – incorporated by reference
from 2017 Form 10-K, Exhibit 10.42.
- Aflac Incorporated Employment Agreement with Frederick J. Crawford, effective June 30, 2015 – incorporated by
reference from Form 8-K dated June 24, 2015, Exhibit 10.1.
- Aflac Incorporated Employment Agreement with Charles D. Lake II, dated January 1, 2018 – incorporated by reference
from Form 10-Q for March 31, 2018, Exhibit 10.5.
- Amendment to Aflac Incorporated Employment Agreement with Charles D. Lake II, effective January 1, 2020 –
incorporated by reference from 2019 Form 10-K, Exhibit 10.49.
- Aflac Incorporated Employment Agreement with Audrey Boone Tillman, dated June 11, 2015 – incorporated by
reference from Form 10-Q for March 31, 2018, Exhibit 10.6.
- Aflac Japan Officer Agreement with Masatoshi Koide, effective January 1, 2020 – incorporated by reference from Form
10-Q for March 31, 2020, Exhibit 10.1.
- Agency Services Agreement, dated March 1, 2008, by and between Japan Post Network Co., Ltd. and Aflac –
incorporated by reference from Form 10-Q for March 31, 2020, Exhibit 10.2.
10.54**
- Amendment Agreement to Agency Services Agreement, dated June 27, 2016, by and between
Japan Post Co., Ltd. and Aflac – incorporated by reference from Form 10-Q for March 31, 2020, Exhibit 10.3.
190
10.55
10.56
10.57
21
23
31.1
31.2
32
101.INS
101.SCH
101.CAL
101.DEF
101.LAB
101.PRE
104
- Basic Agreement regarding the “Strategic Alliance Based on Capital Relationship”, dated December 19, 2018, by and
among Japan Post Holdings Co., Ltd., Aflac Incorporated and Aflac Life Insurance Japan Ltd. – incorporated by
reference from Form 8-K dated December 19, 2018, Exhibit 10.1.
- Letter Agreement, dated December 19, 2018, by and between Japan Post Holdings Co., Ltd. and Aflac Incorporated –
incorporated by reference from Form 8-K dated December 19, 2018, Exhibit 10.2.
- Shareholders Agreement, dated February 28, 2019, by and between Aflac Incorporated, Japan Post Holdings Co.,
Ltd., J&A Alliance Holdings Corporation (solely in its capacity as trustee of J&A Alliance Trust), and General
Incorporated Association J&A Alliance – incorporated by reference from Form 10-Q for March 31, 2019, Exhibit 10.50.
- Subsidiaries.
- Consent of independent registered public accounting firm, KPMG LLP, to Form S-8 Registration Statement No. 333-
158969 with respect to the Aflac Incorporated 401(k) Savings and Profit Sharing Plan.
- Consent of independent registered public accounting firm, KPMG LLP, to Form S-8 Registration Statement Nos. 333-
135327, 333-161269, 333-202781, and 333-245702 with respect to the Aflac Incorporated Executive Deferred
Compensation Plan.
- Consent of independent registered public accounting firm, KPMG LLP, to Form S-8 Registration Statement No. 333-
115105 and 333-219888 with respect to the Aflac Incorporated Long-Term Incentive Plan.
- Consent of independent registered public accounting firm, KPMG LLP, to Form S-3 Registration Statement No. 333-
242390 with respect to the AFL Stock Plan.
- Consent of independent registered public accounting firm, KPMG LLP, to Form S-3 Registration Statement No. 333-
237969 with respect to the resale of Aflac Incorporated common stock by J&A Alliance Holdings Corporation in its
capacity as the trustee of J&A Alliance Trust.
- Consent of independent registered public accounting firm, KPMG LLP, to Form S-3 Registration Statement No. 333-
227244 with respect to the Aflac Incorporated shelf registration statement.
- Certification of CEO dated February 23, 2021, required by Rule 13a-14(a) or Rule 15d-14(a) of the Securities
Exchange Act of 1934.
- Certification of CFO dated February 23, 2021, required by Rule 13a-14(a) or Rule 15d-14(a) of the Securities
Exchange Act of 1934.
- Certification of CEO and CFO dated February 23, 2021, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as Adopted Pursuant to
Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
- XBRL Instance Document - the instance document does not appear in the Interactive Data File because its XBRL tags
are embedded within the Inline XBRL document.
Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema.
Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase.
Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase.
Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase.
Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase.
-
-
-
-
-
- Cover Page Interactive Data File - formatted as Inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101.
(1)
Copies of any exhibit are available upon request by calling the Company's Investor Relations Department at 800.235.2667 - option 3
* Management contract or compensatory plan or arrangement required to be filed as an exhibit pursuant to Item 15(b) of this report.
** Portions of this exhibit have been redacted in compliance with Regulation S-K Item 601(b)(10).
191
(c) FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES
SCHEDULE II
CONDENSED FINANCIAL INFORMATION OF REGISTRANT
Aflac Incorporated (Parent Only)
Condensed Statements of Earnings
(1)
(1)
(In millions)
Revenues:
Management and service fees from subsidiaries
Net investment income
Interest from subsidiaries
Net investment gains (losses)
Total revenues
Operating expenses:
Interest expense
Other operating expenses
Total operating expenses
Earnings before income taxes and equity in earnings of
subsidiaries
Income tax expense (benefit)
Earnings before equity in earnings of subsidiaries
Equity in earnings of subsidiaries
Net earnings
(1)
(2)
(1)
(2)
Eliminated in consolidation
Includes expense of $15 in 2020 for the early extinguishment of debt
See the accompanying Notes to Condensed Financial Statements.
See the accompanying Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm.
192
Years ended December 31,
2019
2018
2020
$
$
131
62
3
399
595
221
277
498
97
(15)
112
4,666
4,778
$
$
151
77
4
98
330
200
221
421
(91)
(22)
(69)
3,373
3,304
$
$
190
69
4
(16)
247
188
225
413
(166)
(12)
(154)
3,074
2,920
SCHEDULE II
CONDENSED FINANCIAL INFORMATION OF REGISTRANT
Aflac Incorporated (Parent Only)
Condensed Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss)
(In millions)
Net earnings
Other comprehensive income (loss) before income taxes:
Unrealized foreign currency translation gains (losses) during period
Unrealized gains (losses) on fixed maturity securities during period
Unrealized gains (losses) on derivatives during period
Pension liability adjustment during period
Total other comprehensive income (loss) before income taxes
Income tax expense (benefit) related to items of other comprehensive
income (loss)
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of income taxes
Total comprehensive income (loss)
See the accompanying Notes to Condensed Financial Statements.
See the accompanying Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm.
$
$
193
Years ended December 31,
2019
3,304
$
$
2020
4,778
510
1,220
(1)
(7)
1,722
251
1,471
6,249
252
5,852
(12)
(85)
6,007
1,543
4,464
7,768
$
$
2018
2,920
232
(3,109)
2
(25)
(2,900)
(797)
(2,103)
817
SCHEDULE II
CONDENSED FINANCIAL INFORMATION OF REGISTRANT
Aflac Incorporated (Parent Only)
Condensed Balance Sheets
(In millions, except for share and per-share amounts)
Assets:
Investments and cash:
Fixed maturity securities available for sale, at fair value
(amortized cost $1,782 in 2020 and $1,506 in 2019)
Investments in subsidiaries
Other investments
Cash and cash equivalents
(1)
Total investments and cash
(1)
Due from subsidiaries
Income taxes receivable
Other assets
Total assets
Liabilities and shareholders' equity:
Liabilities:
Employee benefit plans
Notes payable
Other liabilities
Total liabilities
Shareholders' equity:
Common stock of $.10 par value. In thousands: authorized 1,900,000 shares
in 2020 and 2019; issued 1,351,018 shares in 2020 and 1,349,309 shares in 2019
Additional paid-in capital
Retained earnings
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss):
Unrealized foreign currency translation gains (losses)
Unrealized gains (losses) on fixed maturity securities
Unrealized gains (losses) on derivatives
Pension liability adjustment
Treasury stock, at average cost
Total shareholders' equity
Total liabilities and shareholders' equity
(1)
Eliminated in consolidation
See the accompanying Notes to Condensed Financial Statements.
See the accompanying Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm.
194
December 31,
2020
2019
$
$
$
$
1,876
36,217
902
2,126
41,121
253
203
368
41,945
340
7,456
590
8,386
135
2,410
37,984
(1,109)
10,361
(34)
(284)
(15,904)
33,559
41,945
$
$
$
$
1,567
30,744
36
2,508
34,855
170
337
405
35,767
323
6,136
349
6,808
135
2,313
34,291
(1,623)
8,548
(33)
(277)
(14,395)
28,959
35,767
SCHEDULE II
CONDENSED FINANCIAL INFORMATION OF REGISTRANT
Aflac Incorporated (Parent Only)
Condensed Statements of Cash Flows
(In millions)
Cash flows from operating activities:
Net earnings
Adjustments to reconcile net earnings to net cash provided from
operating activities:
Equity in earnings of subsidiaries
(1)
Cash dividends received from subsidiaries
Other, net
Net cash provided (used) by operating activities
Cash flows from investing activities:
Fixed maturity securities sold
Fixed maturity securities purchased
Other investments sold (purchased)
Settlement of derivatives
Additional capitalization of subsidiaries
Other, net
(1)
Net cash provided (used) by investing activities
Cash flows from financing activities:
Purchases of treasury stock
Proceeds from borrowings
Principal payments under debt obligations
Dividends paid to shareholders
Treasury stock reissued
Proceeds from exercise of stock options
Net change in amount due to/from subsidiaries
Other, net
(1)
Net cash provided (used) by financing activities
Net change in cash and cash equivalents
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of period
Cash and cash equivalents, end of period
(1)
Eliminated in consolidation
See the accompanying Notes to Condensed Financial Statements.
See the accompanying Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm.
195
Years ended December 31,
2019
2018
2020
$
4,778
$
3,304
$
2,920
(4,666)
2,060
(331)
1,841
438
(484)
(711)
4
(291)
2
(1,042)
(1,537)
1,545
(350)
(769)
34
12
(89)
(27)
(1,181)
(382)
2,508
2,126
$
(3,373)
3,466
(203)
3,194
340
(639)
(16)
22
(214)
87
(420)
(1,627)
347
0
(771)
49
29
(58)
(2)
(2,033)
741
1,767
2,508
$
(3,074)
1,820
99
1,765
207
(254)
31
(2)
(62)
(107)
(187)
(1,301)
1,020
(550)
(793)
58
34
(4)
0
(1,536)
42
1,725
1,767
$
SCHEDULE II
CONDENSED FINANCIAL INFORMATION OF REGISTRANT
Aflac Incorporated (Parent Only)
Notes to Condensed Financial Statements
The accompanying condensed financial statements should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and notes thereto of
Aflac Incorporated and Subsidiaries included in Part II, Item 8 of this report.
(A) Notes Payable
A summary of notes payable as of December 31 follows:
(In millions)
4.00% senior notes paid January 2020
3.625% senior notes due June 2023
3.625% senior notes due November 2024
3.25% senior notes due March 2025
2.875% senior notes due October 2026
3.60% senior notes due April 2030
6.90% senior notes due December 2039
6.45% senior notes due August 2040
4.00% senior notes due October 2046
4.750% senior notes due January 2049
Yen-denominated senior notes and subordinated debentures:
.300% senior notes due September 2025 (principal amount ¥12.4 billion)
.932% senior notes due January 2027 (principal amount ¥60.0 billion)
.500% senior notes due December 2029 (principal amount ¥12.6 billion)
.550% senior notes due March 2030 (principal amount ¥13.3 billion)
1.159% senior notes due October 2030 (principal amount ¥29.3 billion)
.843% senior notes due December 2031 (principal amount ¥9.3 billion)
.750% senior notes due March 2032 (principal amount ¥20.7 billion)
1.488% senior notes due October 2033 (principal amount ¥15.2 billion)
.934% senior notes due December 2034 (principal amount ¥9.8 billion)
.830% senior notes due March 2035 (principal amount ¥10.6 billion)
1.750% senior notes due October 2038 (principal amount ¥8.9 billion)
1.122% senior notes due December 2039 (principal amount ¥6.3 billion)
2.108% subordinated debentures due October 2047 (principal amount ¥60.0 billion)
Yen-denominated loans:
Variable interest rate loan due September 2026 (.43% in 2020 and .42% in 2019,
principal amount ¥5.0 billion)
Variable interest rate loan due September 2029 (.58% in 2020 and .57% in 2019,
principal amount ¥25.0 billion)
Total notes payable
2020
2019
$
0
698
747
448
298
990
221
254
394
541
119
578
121
127
282
90
198
146
94
101
85
61
575
48
$
348
698
747
448
298
0
220
254
394
541
0
545
114
0
266
84
0
138
88
0
81
57
543
45
240
7,456
$
227
6,136
$
Amounts in the table above are reported net of debt issuance costs and issuance premiums or discounts, if applicable, that are being amortized over the life of
the notes.
In April 2020, the Parent Company issued $1.0 billion of senior notes through a U.S. public debt offering. The notes bear interest at a fixed rate of
3.60% per annum, payable semi-annually, and will mature in April 2030. These notes are redeemable at the Parent Company's option in whole at
any time or in part from time to time at a redemption price equal to the greater of: (i) the aggregate principal amount of the notes to be redeemed or
(ii) the amount equal to the sum of the present values of the remaining scheduled payments for principal of and interest on the notes to be
redeemed, not including any portion of the payments of interest accrued as of such redemption date, discounted to such redemption date on a
semiannual basis at the yield to maturity for a U.S. Treasury security with a maturity comparable to the remaining
196
term of the notes, plus 45 basis points, plus in each case, accrued and unpaid interest on the principal amount of the notes to be redeemed to, but
excluding, such redemption date.
In March 2020, the Parent Company issued four series of senior notes totaling ¥57.0 billion through a public debt offering under its U.S. shelf
registration statement. The first series, which totaled ¥12.4 billion, bears interest at a fixed rate of .300% per annum, payable semiannually and will
mature in September 2025. The second series, which totaled ¥13.3 billion, bears interest at a fixed rate of .550% per annum, payable semi-annually,
and will mature in March 2030. The third series, which totaled ¥20.7 billion, bears interest at a fixed rate of .750% per annum, payable semiannually
and will mature in March 2032. The fourth series, which totaled ¥10.6 billion, bears interest at a fixed rate of .830% per annum, payable semi-
annually, and will mature in March 2035. These notes may only be redeemed before maturity, in whole but not in part, upon the occurrence of
certain changes affecting U.S. taxation, as specified in the indenture governing the terms of the issuance.
In January 2020, the Parent Company used the net proceeds from senior notes issued in December 2019 to redeem $350 million of its 4.00% fixed-
rate senior notes due February 2022.
The aggregate contractual maturities of notes payable during each of the years after December 31, 2020, are as follows:
(In millions)
2021
2022
2023
2024
2025
Thereafter
Total
$
$
0
0
700
750
570
5,494
7,514
For further information regarding notes payable, see Note 9 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements.
(B) Derivatives
At December 31, 2020, the Parent Company's outstanding freestanding derivative contracts were swaps, foreign currency forwards and options. The
swaps are associated with its notes payable, consisting of cross-currency interest rate swaps, also referred to as foreign currency swaps, associated
with the Parent Company's senior notes due in June 2023, November 2024 and March 2025. The foreign currency forwards and options are
designated as derivative hedges of the foreign currency exposure of the Company's net investment in Aflac Japan. The Parent Company does not
use derivative financial instruments for trading purposes, nor does it engage in leveraged derivative transactions. For further information regarding
these derivatives, see Notes 1, 4 and 9 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements.
(C) Income Taxes
The Parent Company and its eligible U.S. subsidiaries file a consolidated U.S. federal income tax return. Income tax liabilities or benefits are
recorded by each principal subsidiary based upon separate return calculations, and any difference between the consolidated provision and the
aggregate amounts recorded by the subsidiaries is reflected in the Parent Company financial statements. For further information on income taxes,
see Note 10 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements.
(D) Dividend Restrictions
See Note 13 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements for information regarding dividend restrictions.
(E) Supplemental Disclosures of Cash Flow Information
(In millions)
Interest paid
Noncash financing activities:
2020
2019
2018
$
209
$
189
$
179
Treasury stock issued for shareholder dividend reinvestment
29
30
8
197
SCHEDULE III
SUPPLEMENTARY INSURANCE INFORMATION
Aflac Incorporated and Subsidiaries
Years ended December 31,
Deferred Policy
Acquisition
Costs
Future Policy
Benefits & Unpaid
Policy Claims
Unearned
Premiums
Other
Policyholders'
Funds
$
$
$
$
6,991
3,450
0
0
10,441
6,584
3,544
0
0
10,128
$
$
$
$
91,829
11,684
278
(821)
102,970
84,341
11,184
223
(754)
94,994
$
$
$
$
3,488
113
(4)
0
3,597
4,135
111
0
(3)
4,243
$
$
$
$
7,811
13
0
0
7,824
7,317
0
0
0
7,317
(In millions)
2020:
Aflac Japan
Aflac U.S.
All other
Intercompany eliminations
Total
2019:
Aflac Japan
Aflac U.S.
All other
Intercompany eliminations
Total
Segment amounts may not agree in total to the corresponding consolidated amounts due to rounding.
(In millions)
2020:
Aflac Japan
Aflac U.S.
All other
Total
2019:
Aflac Japan
Aflac U.S.
All other
Total
2018:
Aflac Japan
Aflac U.S.
All other
Total
Years Ended December 31,
Net
Premium
Revenue
Net
Investment
Income
Benefits and
Claims, net
Amortization of
Deferred Policy
Acquisition Costs
Other
Operating
Expenses
Premiums
Written
$
$
$
$
$
$
12,670
5,758
194
18,622
12,772
5,808
200
18,780
12,762
5,708
207
18,677
$
$
$
$
$
$
2,856
702
80
3,638
2,753
720
105
3,578
2,639
727
76
3,442
$
$
$
$
$
$
8,851
2,765
180
11,796
8,877
2,871
194
11,942
8,913
2,887
200
12,000
$
$
$
$
$
$
644
570
0
1,214
709
573
0
1,282
710
534
1
1,245
$
$
$
$
$
$
2,613
1,963
402
4,978
2,465
1,834
339
4,638
2,374
1,736
420
4,530
$
$
$
$
$
$
12,312
5,763
0
18,075
12,367
5,813
0
18,180
12,298
5,707
0
18,005
Segment amounts may not agree in total to the corresponding consolidated amounts due to rounding.
See the accompanying Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm.
198
SCHEDULE IV
REINSURANCE
Aflac Incorporated and Subsidiaries
Years Ended December 31,
Gross
Amount
Ceded to
Other
Companies
Assumed
from Other
companies
Net
Amount
Percentage
of Amount
Assumed
to Net
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
148,801
15,682
3,273
18,955
146,585
15,657
3,465
19,122
151,457
15,330
3,688
19,018
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
7,016
526
27
553
6,592
527
20
547
4,702
541
14
555
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
20,662
213
7
220
0
205
0
205
0
214
0
214
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
162,447
13 %
15,369
3,253
18,622
139,993
15,335
3,445
18,780
146,755
15,003
3,674
18,677
1 %
0
1 %
0 %
1 %
0
1 %
0 %
1 %
0
1 %
(In millions)
2020:
Life insurance in force
Premiums:
Health insurance
Life insurance
Total earned premiums
2019:
Life insurance in force
Premiums:
Health insurance
Life insurance
Total earned premiums
2018:
Life insurance in force
Premiums:
Health insurance
Life insurance
Total earned premiums
Premiums by type may not agree in total to the corresponding consolidated amounts due to rounding.
See the accompanying Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm.
199
Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be
signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.
SIGNATURES
Aflac Incorporated
By:
/s/ Daniel P. Amos
(Daniel P. Amos)
Chief Executive Officer,
Chairman of the Board of Directors
February 23, 2021
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of
the registrant and in the capacities and on the dates indicated.
/s/ Daniel P. Amos
(Daniel P. Amos)
/s/ Max K. Brodén
(Max K. Brodén)
/s/ June Howard
(June Howard)
Chief Executive Officer,
Chairman of the Board of Directors
Executive Vice President,
Chief Financial Officer
Senior Vice President, Financial Services;
Chief Accounting Officer
200
February 23, 2021
February 23, 2021
February 23, 2021
/s/ W. Paul Bowers
(W. Paul Bowers)
/s/ Toshihiko Fukuzawa
(Toshihiko Fukuzawa)
/s/ Thomas J. Kenny
(Thomas J. Kenny)
/s/ Georgette D. Kiser
(Georgette D. Kiser)
/s/ Karole F. Lloyd
(Karole F. Lloyd)
/s/ Nobuchika Mori
(Nobuchika Mori)
/s/ Joseph L. Moskowitz
(Joseph L. Moskowitz)
/s/ Barbara K. Rimer
(Barbara K. Rimer)
/s/ Katherine T. Rohrer
(Katherine T. Rohrer)
/s/ Melvin T. Stith
(Melvin T. Stith)
Director
Director
Director
Director
Director
Director
Director
Director
Director
Director
201
February 23, 2021
February 23, 2021
February 23, 2021
February 23, 2021
February 23, 2021
February 23, 2021
February 23, 2021
February 23, 2021
February 23, 2021
February 23, 2021
Aflac Incorporated 2020 Form 10-K
EXHIBIT 21
Aflac Incorporated
SUBSIDIARIES
The following list sets forth the subsidiaries of Aflac Incorporated:
Company
American Family Life Assurance Company of Columbus (Aflac)
(1)
American Family Life Assurance Company of New York
Aflac Asset Management LLC
Aflac Asset Management Japan Ltd.
Global Alternatives Fund SPC
Varagon Capital Partners, L.P.
Varagon Capital Management MGP, LLC
(2)
(3)
(2)
(3)
Aflac International, Inc.
Aflac Information Technology, Inc.
Simple Technology, LLC
(4)
Aflac Global Ventures LLC
Empoweredbenefits, LLC
(5)
Empowered.Insure LLC
(6)
(5)
Aflac Ventures Labs LLC
Aflac Ventures Seed Fund LLC
Aflac InfoSec Services LLC
Aflac Innovation Partners G.K.
Aflac Ventures India Fund LLC
Aflac Ventures LLC
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(7)
(7)
Lapetus Solutions, Inc.
Picwell, Inc.
Wellthie, Inc.
Medical Note, Inc.
Sensely Corporation
(7)
(7)
(7)
AGV Management Services Japan KK
(5)
Hatch Healthcare KK
Hatch Insight KK
(8)
(8)
Aflac Benefits Advisors, Inc.
Communicorp, Inc.
Continental American Insurance Company
Continental American Group, LLC
(9)
Aflac Holdings LLC
Aflac Life Insurance Japan Ltd.
(11)
(10)
(11)
(11)
Octagon Delaware Trust
Apollo AF Loan Trust
(11)
Global Investment Fund I
Tsusan Co., Ltd.
Aflac Insurance Services Co., Ltd.
Aflac Payment Services Co., Ltd.
SUDACHI Small-amount Short-term Preparation Company Ltd.
Aflac Heartful Services Co., Ltd.
Global Alternatives Private Equity Sub-Trust A
(13)
(11)
(12)
(11)
(11)
Tier One Insurance Company
Aflac Northern Ireland, Ltd.
Argus Holdings, LLC
Argus Dental & Vision, Inc.
(14)
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
Subsidiary of Aflac
Subsidiary of Aflac Asset Management LLC
Investment of Aflac Asset Management LLC
Subsidiary of Aflac Information Technology, Inc.
Subsidiary of Aflac Global Ventures LLC
Jurisdiction
Nebraska
New York
Delaware
Japan
Cayman Islands
Delaware
Delaware
Georgia
Georgia
Delaware
Delaware
North Carolina
North Carolina
Delaware
Delaware
Delaware
Japan
Delaware
Delaware
Delaware
Delaware
Delaware
Japan
California
Japan
Japan
Japan
Georgia
Georgia
Nebraska
Georgia
Nebraska
Japan
Delaware
Delaware
Delaware
Japan
Japan
Japan
Japan
Japan
Cayman Islands
Nebraska
Northern Ireland, U.K.
Florida
Florida
Subsidiary of Empoweredbenefits, LLC
(6)
Investment of Aflac Ventures LLC
(7)
Subsidiary of AGV Management Services Japan KK
(8)
(continued)
(9)
(11)
(12)
(10)
Subsidiary of Continental American Insurance Company
Subsidiary of Aflac Holdings LLC
Subsidiary of Aflac Life Insurance Japan Ltd.
80% owned by Aflac Life Insurance Japan Ltd.,
10% owned by Aflac Insurance Services Co., Ltd., and
10% owned by Aflac Payment Services Co., Ltd.
(13)
90% owned by Aflac Life Insurance Japan Ltd. and
10% owned by Aflac
(14)
Subsidiary of Argus Holdings, LLC
Aflac Incorporated 2020 Form 10-K
EXHIBIT 23
The Board of Directors
Aflac Incorporated:
Consent of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
We consent to the incorporation by reference in the registration statement No. 333-219784, 333-227244, and 333-242390 on Form S-3; and No.
333-135327, 333-161269, 333-202781, 333-245702, 333-158969, 333-115105, and 333-219888 on Form S-8 of Aflac Incorporated of our reports
dated February 23, 2021, with respect to the consolidated balance sheets of Aflac Incorporated as of December 31, 2020 and 2019, and the related
consolidated statements of earnings, comprehensive income (loss), shareholders’ equity, and cash flows for each of the years in the three-year
period ended December 31, 2020, and the related notes and financial statement schedules II, III, and IV (collectively, the “consolidated financial
statements”), and the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2020, which reports appear in the December 31,
2020 annual report on Form 10‑K of Aflac Incorporated.
/s/ KPMG LLP
Atlanta, Georgia
February 23, 2021
Aflac Incorporated 2020 Form 10-K
EXHIBIT 31.1
I, Daniel P. Amos, certify that:
Certification of Chief Executive Officer
1.
2.
3.
4.
I have reviewed this annual report on Form 10-K of Aflac Incorporated;
Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to
make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period
covered by this report;
Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material
respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;
The registrant’s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined
in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f)
and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:
a)
Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our
supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to
us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;
b)
c)
d)
Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under
our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial
statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;
Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions
about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such
evaluation; and
Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s
most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is
reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and
5.
The registrant’s other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting,
to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):
a)
b)
All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are
reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and
Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s
internal control over financial reporting.
Date:
February 23, 2021
/s/ Daniel P. Amos
Daniel P. Amos
Chairman and Chief Executive Officer
Aflac Incorporated 2020 Form 10-K
EXHIBIT 31.2
I, Max K. Brodén, certify that:
1.
I have reviewed this annual report on Form 10-K of Aflac Incorporated;
Certification of Chief Financial Officer
2. Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make
the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered
by this report;
3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the
financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;
4. The registrant’s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in
Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-
15(f)) for the registrant and have:
a)
b)
c)
d)
Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our
supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to
us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;
Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under
our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial
statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;
Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions
about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such
evaluation; and
Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s
most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is
reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and
5. The registrant’s other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to
the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):
a)
b)
All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are
reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and
Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s
internal control over financial reporting.
Date:
February 23, 2021
/s/ Max K. Brodén
Max K. Brodén
Executive Vice President, Chief Financial Officer
Aflac Incorporated 2020 Form 10-K
EXHIBIT 32
Certification of CEO and CFO Pursuant to
18 U.S.C. Section 1350,
as Adopted Pursuant to
Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
In connection with the Annual Report on Form 10-K of Aflac Incorporated (the “Company”) for the annual period ended December 31, 2020, as
filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the “Report”), Daniel P. Amos, as Chief Executive Officer of the Company,
and Max K. Brodén, as Chief Financial Officer of the Company, each hereby certifies, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to
Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that, to the best of his knowledge:
(1) The Report fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and
(2) The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the
Company.
/s/ Daniel P. Amos
Name:
Title:
Date:
Daniel P. Amos
Chief Executive Officer
February 23, 2021
/s/ Max K. Brodén
Name:
Title:
Date:
Max K. Brodén
Chief Financial Officer
February 23, 2021