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Agriterra Ltd

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FY2012 Annual Report · Agriterra Ltd
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Agriterra Report and Financial Statements 2011 – 2012

 
 
 
 
 
Agriterra Report and Financial Statements 2011–12

1

2

Agriterra Report and Financial Statements 2011–2012

Contents

Directors & Advisers 

Overview 

Chairman’s Statement 

Operations Review 

Beef Operations 

Cocoa Sales & Trading 

Maize Processing & Farming 

Financial Statements 

4 

6

7 – 12

13 – 22

15 – 19

20 – 21

22

23 – 77

Agriterra Report and Financial Statements 2011–12

3

Agriterra Directors and Advisers

Directors 

Auditor

Philippe Edmonds MA (Cantab) 

Baker Tilly UK Audit LLP

Chairman

Andrew Groves 

Chief Executive

Euan Kay 

Executive Director

Michael Pelham 

Non-executive Director

Company Secretary

Philip Enoch MA (Oxon) 

Registered Office 

Richmond House

St Julians Avenue

St Peter Port

Guernsey GY1 1GZ 

Registered Auditor

25 Farringdon Street

London EC4A 4AB

Solicitors

As to English Law

Salans LLP

Millennium Bridge House

2 Lambeth Hill

London EC4V 4AJ

As to Guernsey Law

Carey Olsen

8-10 Throgmorton Avenue

London EC2N 2DL

Bankers

HSBC plc

PO Box 31

HSBC House

Lefebvre Street 

Guernsey GY1 3AT

Nominated Adviser and Joint Broker

Seymour Pierce Limited

Registrars

20 Old Bailey

London EC4M 7EN

Joint Broker

M C Peat & Co

11-12 St. James’s Square

London SW1Y 4LB

Capita Registrars (Guernsey) Limited

Longue House

Longue House Lane

St Sampsons

Guernsey GY2 4JN

4

Agriterra Report and Financial Statements 2011–2012

 
Shareholder enquiries:

If you have any further enquiries

as a shareholder please go to

www.agriterra-ltd.com or contact:

Andrew Groves

Agriterra

Tel: +44 (0) 20 7408 9200

Jonathan Wright

Seymour Pierce Ltd

Tel: +44 (0) 20 7107 8000

Hugo de Salis

St Brides Media & Finance Ltd

Tel: +44 (0) 20 7236 1177

Susie Geliher

St Brides Media & Finance Ltd

Tel: +44 (0) 20 7236 1177

Agriterra Ltd (‘Agriterra’ or ‘the Group’)

Final Results

Agriterra Ltd, the AIM listed pan-African 

agricultural company, announces its results 

for the year ended 31 May 2012. 

Agriterra Report and Financial Statements 2011–12

5

Overview

• 

• 

 Increase in Group revenue to US$13.8 million and creation of three revenue streams – beef herding, cocoa 

buying and trading, and maize buying and processing   

 Investment  programme  accelerated  to  create  foundation  for  sustainable  growth  and  profitability  – 

focussing on expansion of beef operations in Mozambique and cocoa operations in Sierra Leone

Beef Operations
• 

 Beef herd in Mozambique enlarged to over 4,800 head and increase in capacity of Vanduzi Feedlot to 

3,000 head

• 

• 

• 

 Completion  of  dam  at  1,350  hectare  Mavonde  Stud  Ranch  to  enable  irrigation  of  4,000  hectares  and 

continued growth of breeding herd

 Acquisition  of  additional  1,300  hectare  land  package  contiguous  to  Mavonde  Stud  Ranch  under 

negotiation to support an enlarged breeding herd of up to 13,000 head 

 Completion of 4,000 head per month capacity Chimoio Abattoir post period end and imminent opening 

of two retail units to provide the full uplift in value for slaughtered and butchered products

Cocoa Operations
• 

 Rapid expansion of cocoa buying infrastructure in Sierra Leone – buying points increased from four to 41 

• 

• 

satellite stores and three main hub sites during the period

 100% increase in annual cocoa trading volume from pre-acquisition levels – volumes forecast to double 

again during 2012/2013 financial year

 Negotiations underway to acquire a 4,400 acre former cocoa and coffee plantation for rehabilitation to 

enable Group to capitalise on the compelling economics for cocoa farming

Maize Operations
• 
• 

Strong harvest in 2011 reduced demand for mealie meal product during the period

 Encouraging indications for 2012/2013 sales season following a poor harvest – anticipation of increased 

demand and a more favourable pricing environment 

Corporate
• 
• 

67% increase in net asset value to US$41.4 million (2011: US$24.8 million)

 In addition two significant cash injections are awaited which will further strengthen balance sheet and 

underpin Group value:
• 

 Sale  of  20%  legacy  interest  in  Ethiopian  oil  asset  for  a  cash  consideration  of  US$40  million  on 

completion and a further US$10 million on “Commercial Discovery”

• 

 Acknowledgment of Agriterra’s entitlement to receive a compensation payment of £11,372,682 as 

partial recompense for work undertaken and investment on Southern Sudanese oil asset  

6

Agriterra Report and Financial Statements 2011–2012

	
	
Chairman’s Statement

Agriterra Report and Financial Statements 2011–12

7

“Significant investment has been made during the period, including 

the construction of the abattoir and the 48 billion litre dam at the 

Mavonde  Stud  Ranch,  the  rapid  expansion  of  our  beef  breeding 

herd and the considerable increase in cocoa buying infrastructure in 

Sierra Leone. 

8

Agriterra Report and Financial Statements 2011–2012

Chairman’s Statement

Our focus during the year has been on the consolidation, expansion and diversification of our businesses in order to 

create the platform to become a leading African based agricultural company.  As a result of significant investment, 

the  creation  of  three  revenue  streams,  being  beef,  grain  and  cocoa  and  the  implementation  of  a  capital  and 

operational  structure  suitable  for  development,  we  believe  we  now  have  the  foundation  for  future  sustainable 

growth and profitability.  

Africa is a dynamic and rapidly developing continent, with unique requirements for food production over the 

coming decades.  With a current population of over 1 billion and forecasts indicating an increase of more than 

20% over the next ten years, and seven out of the world’s ten fastest growing economies, food volumes and 

dietary  requirements  throughout  Africa  are  expected  to  continue  to  change  quickly.   These  rapidly  evolving 

consumer  requirements  underline  the  need  for  greater  agricultural  independence  and  major  improvements 

in productivity.  In line with this, through our operations, we are helping to facilitate the commercialisation of 

small-scale arable and livestock agricultural practices.  Our maize and cocoa out-growers schemes have helped 

to improve the lifestyles of thousands of people by raising rural incomes, boosting local economic growth, and 

Agriterra Report and Financial Statements 2011–12

9

creating business opportunities.  In addition, our beef operations, which capitalise on traditionally high levels of 

beef imports into Mozambique from South Africa, have created a new, high quality source of domestic beef for 

which there is extremely strong demand.

This is a defining period in Agriterra’s development and we remain concentrated on further expanding our operations, 

particularly our beef ranching and cocoa plantations, in order to achieve critical mass and sustainable profitability.  With 

this in mind, our attention during the year has been on the development of the necessary infrastructure to support 

continued growth across our asset portfolio.  Significant investment has been made during the period, including the 

construction of the abattoir and the 48 billion litre dam at the Mavonde Stud Ranch, the rapid expansion of our beef 

breeding herd and the considerable increase in cocoa buying infrastructure in Sierra Leone.  

As  a  result  of  these  advances  and  developments  in  Mozambique,  the  Group  has  established  a  fully  vertically 

integrated beef operation.  The components of this “field to fork” operation are:

•	

•	

•	

•	

established	dry	and	irrigated	ranches	supporting	a	growing	breeding	herd;

an	expanding	feedlot	operation;

a	recently	commissioned	state	of	the	art	abattoir	with	an	ultimate	capacity	of	4,000	head	per	month;	and	

an	embryonic	retail	operation	with	two	shops	opening	shortly.		

In Sierra Leone, we have expanded our buying infrastructure and out-growers operations considerably and are now 

in the process of concluding the absorption of a former cocoa and coffee plantation (with appropriate rehabilitation 

works to re-establish the plantation) together with adjoining land to enable us to meet the growing demand for 

sustainable and traceable cocoa.

10 Agriterra Report and Financial Statements 2011–2012

Our impressive investment programme has now laid the foundations to enable accelerated growth for Agriterra.  

Initial indications for trading during the first half of the 2012/2013 financial year are looking extremely encouraging, 

and I am confident in our ability to create further value during the year ahead.    

The positive expansion objectives for Agriterra will be underpinned upon receipt of the funds from the sale of its 

legacy oil asset in Ethiopia to Marathon Oil Corp. (‘Marathon Oil’).  Under the terms of the agreement, the Group’s 

20%  legacy  interest  in  the  South  Omo  Block  will  be  sold  to  Marathon  Oil  for  a  cash  consideration  of  US$40 

million on completion and a further US$10 million on Marathon Oil’s participation in a “Commercial Discovery”.  

Also in respect of Agriterra’s legacy oil interests, as announced on 25 May 2012, the Ministry of Petroleum and 

Mining  of  the  Republic  of  South  Sudan  (‘MPM’)  has  acknowledged  in  writing  the  Company’s  entitlement  to 

receive  a  compensation  payment  of  £11,372,682.    This  compensation  payment  is  as  partial  recompense  for 

the  work  undertaken  and  the  substantial  investment  made  by  the  Company  on  the  Block  Ba  oil  concession 

area  in  Southern  Sudan,  during  its  previous  incarnation  as White  Nile  Limited.   The  MPM  acknowledged  the 

compensation should have been paid much earlier and confirmed that it will be paid to the Company within one 

year. The board are seeking to expedite this timeline for payment but remain cognisant of the challenges faced 

by the world’s newest country in its early development. 

Following these dramatic cash injections, Agriterra will be in a strong position to accelerate its ambitious development 

programme, achieve critical mass and invest in new projects and geographic areas in order to achieve its objective 

of becoming a significant profitable pan-African agricultural company.  

Agriterra Report and Financial Statements 2011–12

11

Results

Despite  a  fall  in  demand  in  the  grain  business,  initial  revenues  from  the  beef  and  cocoa  operations  resulted  in 

turnover  for  the  Group  increasing  to  US$13.8m  (2011:  US$13.6m).    Investment  in  building  the  beef  and  cocoa 

operations resulted in an increase in the reported loss on continuing activities after tax of US$6.9m (2011: US$2.3m).

Outlook

Following periods of intensive investment over the past four years, the Group has built a solid agricultural footprint 

in both Mozambique and Sierra Leone, and will benefit from a strong balance sheet moving forward, ensuring that 

we have all of the necessary resources to deliver on our growth objectives of building a significant pan-African 

agriculture business.

I would like to take this opportunity to thank my fellow board members, the members of the Agriterra team based in 

Mozambique and Sierra Leone, in addition to our valued shareholders.  I look forward to providing further updates 

regarding our expansion strategy and operational achievements over the coming weeks and months.

Phil Edmonds

Chairman 

12 November 2012

12 Agriterra Report and Financial Statements 2011–2012

Operations Review

Agriterra Report and Financial Statements 2011–12

13

Agriterra currently has four agricultural divisions:

• 

• 

• 

• 

Mozbife Limitada (‘Mozbife’) which conducts cattle ranching, feedlot and abattoir operations

Tropical Farms Limited (‘TFL’) which manages the Group’s cocoa sales, trading and farming activities

 Desenvolvimento E Comercialização Agricola Limitada (‘DECA’) and Compagri Limitada (‘Compagri’) 

which operate maize farming and processing businesses

Red Bunch Ventures (SL) Limited which houses Agriterra’s palm oil operations

14 Agriterra Report and Financial Statements 2011–2012

Beef Operations

Following three years of intensive investment and expansion at the Company’s beef operations in Mozambique, 

Mozbife now boasts a total herd in excess of 4,800 head across two ranches covering over 16,000 hectares, a 48 

billion litre irrigation dam, a 3,000 head capacity feedlot and a 4,000 head per month capacity abattoir.  Completing 

the Group’s “field to fork” beef business, two retail units in Chimoio and Tete are due to open in the coming weeks.

Mozbife remains on track to achieve its expansion objectives of building a total herd of 6,000 head by the end of 

2012 and 10,000 by 2015.

The Mavonde Stud Ranch

The primary objectives at the Mavonde Stud Ranch have been to enlarge the Mozbife breeding herd, and increase 

capacity to accommodate future expansion.  With this in mind, the pedigree breeding herd at Mavonde had grown 

to 978 by the year end, up from 492 in 2011.  An additional 350 hectare package of land was acquired during the 

period, enlarging the total Mavonde Stud Ranch to over 1,350 hectares.  In addition the acquisition of a further and 

much larger land package of 1,300 hectares is currently being negotiated.  Once this additional land is acquired, 

the Mavonde Stud Ranch would be able to support a breeding herd of 13,000.  The ultimate aim for Mavonde is 

to expand the ranch to 4,500 hectares, which, if properly irrigated, would be able to support approximately 27,000 

head of cattle.

Agriterra Report and Financial Statements 2011–12

15

A key development during the year was the construction and completion of a 48 billion litre dam with capacity to 

irrigate in excess of 4,000 hectares.  The construction of the Group’s dam, which was delivered on budget and on 

schedule, is a demonstration of the Company’s ability to execute large scale infrastructure projects to facilitate rapid 

expansion.    In  addition,  as  part  of  the  Company’s  Social  Responsibility  and  Uplift  Programme,  two  million  tilapia 

fingerlings have been released into the reservoir by the Governor 

of  the  Manica  Province.    A  further  1.75  million  fingerlings  are 

planned  over  the  next  six  months  and  a  fishing  co-operative 

with  the  local  community  will  be  established.   The  Group  will 

provide the local community with a small boat and gill nets to 

catch fish for themselves in addition to catching additional fish 

for sale back to the Group for inclusion in animal feed.  

With full irrigation from the reservoir, the head to hectare ratio 

at Mavonde is expected to increase from 1.5 to 6 head per hectare.  In addition to increasing the head to hectare 

capacity,  irrigation  is  also  of  particular  importance  on  the  stud  ranch,  as  with  good  quality  and  plentiful  grass, 

pregnancy rates in excess of 80% should be achievable.  At present, Mozbife is operating a once a year bulling 

season, taking place between December and February, with calves born nine months later.  2012 breeding has 

been highly successful with over 200 calves born to date this calving season.

The expansion of the herd at Mavonde will continue through the rearing of Mozbife born cattle, in addition to 

purchasing premium quality F1 imported animals, and top quality pedigree Beefmaster cows from South Africa.  The 

imported animals are prized for their top weight gaining ability and quality of meat, in addition to their adaptability 

to hot climates.      

16 Agriterra Report and Financial Statements 2011–2012

The Dombe Ranch

The  focus  at  the  15,000  hectare  Dombe  Ranch  during  the  period  has  been  on  investment  into  central  farm 

infrastructure, including housing for employees, spray dipping, borehole and kraal installations.  The significant job 

of fencing the entire ranch was also completed, with over 96km of fence constructed.

In tandem with the infrastructure improvements, the expansion of the Dombe herd has also continued at a fast 

pace, with the ranch supporting 2,752 head at the end of the period, up from 832 in 2011.  This ranch, which does 

not have irrigation, can support 1 animal for every 5 hectares.  To increase the capacity, the Group is negotiating the 

acquisition of a further 6,000 adjacent hectares, which would support a further 1,200 head.  In the longer term, the 

Company will actively look to substantially increase the total ranch size through land acquisitions to accommodate 

a much larger herd. 

The herd, which comprises principally local and F1 commercial cattle, will be augmented as part of a cross-breeding 

programme with Beefmaster cattle to create a bloodline with good meat yields and high disease resistance.  

Agriterra Report and Financial Statements 2011–12

17

The Vanduzi Feedlot

As a crucial component in Mozbife’s “field to fork” business, significant investment has been made in the Vanduzi 

Feedlot, both to increase the rolling capacity of the feedlot pens, and also through development of the surrounding 

land for growing crops for use in animal feed.

Following the construction of additional pens, 

the  Vanduzi  Feedlot  now  has  an  18  pen  line 

with  rolling  capacity  of  approximately  3,000 

head every 90 days.  An additional six pen lines 

may  be  constructed  in  H2  2013  to  increase 

the  total  capacity  to  4,000  head  to  provide 

further throughput for the abattoir.  In order to 

support the increasing number of cattle at the 

feedlot, additional investment will be made in 

a new silo on site to store animal feed, which 

will be made, in part, from the bran by-product 

from  the  Group’s  maize  milling  operation  at 

DECA.    The  animal  feed  will  be  augmented 

with  locally  grown  crops  including  soy  beans 

and  sunflowers, 

in  addition  to  roughage, 

such  as  grass  and  hay,  which  will  be  grown 

on  the  Group’s  1,000  hectare  land  holding 

surrounding Vanduzi.  

During the animals’ 90 day stay in the feedlot, they are provided with a high quality diet enabling them to put on 

around 1.5kg per day.  On completion of the period in the feedlot, the animals will typically weigh up to 500kg with 

the carcass fetching in excess of US$1,100.  As the Mozbife herds at Mavonde and Dombe mature and expand, and 

additional	throughput	can	be	sourced	from	Mozbife	reared	animals,	margins	will	be	further	enhanced;	however	the	

Group is already achieving strong economic benefits through the purchase of local animals for use in the feedlot. 

“Following  the  construction  of  additional  pens,  the 

Vanduzi Feedlot now has an 18 pen line with rolling 

capacity of approximately 3,000 head every 90 days. 

18 Agriterra Report and Financial Statements 2011–2012

The Chimoio Abattoir & Retail Units

The  construction  of  the  Group’s  4,000  head  per  month  capacity  abattoir  was  completed  post  period  end,  with 

commissioning and training taking place in October 2012.  Commercial production is anticipated to commence 

by the end of November 2012, slaughtering animals from the feedlot (both Mozbife reared and locally sourced), in 

addition to animals from third parties.  As the largest facility of its kind in Mozambique, the abattoir will be capable 

of  servicing  the  needs  of  the  country,  and  will  dramatically  reduce  the  current  requirement  for  the  country  to 

import meat from South Africa.  As a Halal certified facility, in addition to providing meat for domestic requirements, 

the Company would also be able to export beef to markets in the Middle East. 

The abattoir is a key value trigger in the full “field to fork” value 

chain, with a standard 450kg steer fetching in the region of 

US$1,100.    Whilst  the  highest  margins  are  achieved  from 

Mozbife  reared  animals,  where  margins  could  be  in  excess 

of 50%, followed by locally sourced animals, where margins 

would  be  approximately  25%,  the  Group  will  also  cover  all 

costs associated through the slaughter of third party animals 

from the value of the “5th quarter”, i.e. the skin, offal, hooves 

and head.  

To obtain the maximum sale price for the meat sourced from the abattoir, the Group is currently in the process of 

establishing a chain of retail units.  The initial two units, located in Chimoio and Tete, are expected to commence 

business by the end of November 2012, and a third unit, in Beira, may be opened in H2 2013.  The economics of 

the butchery business are compelling – the value of the dressed meat when it leaves the abattoir is approximately 

US$4.48/kg, however the retail price in a butcher shop would average US$8.40/kg, and could be up to US$16/kg 

for selected cuts.

Agriterra Report and Financial Statements 2011–12

19

Cocoa Sales & Trading

Agriterra’s cocoa division has rapidly expanded during the period.  Following TFL’s acquisition by Agriterra in July 

2011, when the business operated four buying points, considerable investment has been made into the business’s 

infrastructure and TFL now has three main hub stores and 41 satellite stores with a direct buying register of more 

than  3,500  farmers  across  the  country.   This  rapid  ramp  up  of  buying  infrastructure  has  enabled TFL  to  double 

its  pre-acquisition  annual  trading  volume  during  the  period.   This  increase  is  expected  to  continue,  with  total 

trading volumes for the current financial year forecasted to double the volume of the 2011/2012 financial year.  TFL 

continues to develop relationships with blue chip groups as off takers for its cocoa sales, in addition to initial coffee 

sales from its recently established coffee operation.  Although coffee volumes are currently small, the Company 

expects sales to increase during the 2012/2013 financial year as TFL focuses on diversifying its product range and 

expanding its trading operations.

Whilst cocoa trading and sales have proved lucrative for the Company during the period, the longer term goal for 

TFL is to develop independent plantations in order to capitalise on the compelling economics for cocoa growing.  

Cocoa  prices  currently  stand  at  approximately  US$2,300/tonne,  and  with  plantation  costs  being  estimated  at 

around US$800/tonne, the high margin nature of the business is clearly evident.

20 Agriterra Report and Financial Statements 2011–2012

In  order  to  establish  independent  cocoa  farms,  the  Group  is  currently  in  negotiations  to  acquire  a  4,400  acre 

former	 cocoa	 and	 coffee	 plantation	 for	 rehabilitation;	 however	 the	 Board	

will  remain  proactive  in  evaluating  and  leasing  significantly  more  land  in 

the longer term.  In tandem with this, the Group continues to invest in 

supporting  infrastructure,  including  the  construction  of  a  2,000m2 

processing facility in Kenema, which is anticipated to be completed 

before  the  cocoa  buying  season  in  August 

2013.    Development  of  a  larger  collateral 

management 

warehousing 

facility, 

located  on  the  15  acre  site  acquired  by 

TFL  in  Freetown,  will  commence  thereafter, 

effectively linking up-country cocoa growing 

and buying infrastructure at Kenema with the 

export markets through the port at Freetown.

“TFL continues to develop relationships with blue chip 

groups as off takers for its cocoa sales, in addition to 

initial coffee sales from its recently established coffee 

operation.

Agriterra Report and Financial Statements 2011–12

21

Maize Processing & Farming

The Group’s maize buying and processing operations are centred on the 35,000 tonne capacity DECA facility and 

the  15,000  tonne  capacity  Compagri  facility,  located  in  Chimoio  in  central  Mozambique  and Tete  in  north-west 

Mozambique respectively.

At the larger DECA facility, the Group has built a mature business based on buying maize from local out-growers 

through a network of buying stations, which is transported back using DECA’s 100 strong fleet of trucks, before 

processing and storing the product and selling it to the retail market.  Based on the successes experienced at DECA, 

the Group opened the Compagri facility in Tete to capitalise on the rapid influx of people to the area, driven by the 

mining boom experienced in the province in recent years. 

The  Group’s  maize  operations  during 

the year were affected by a very strong 

harvest  in  2011,  which  subsequently 

reduced  demand  for  the  mealie  meal 

product made by DECA and Compagri.  

This 

situation 

resulted 

in  both 

companies selling reduced volumes at 

reduced prices.  Indications for this year 

have been much more positive for the 

Company – in anticipation of a difficult 

harvest  this  season,  the  Company 

began buying early and stockpiles now 

stand  at  25,000  tonnes.    Because  of  the  poor  harvest,  the  grain  operations  should  see  a  substantial  increase  in 

demand this year, combined with a more favourable pricing environment during its next milling season, which runs 

from December until February. 

Palm Oil Operations

Building  on  the  Group’s  growing  range  of  agricultural  commodities,  the  Group  acquired  control  of  a  lease  of 

approximately 45,000 hectares of brownfield agricultural land in an area suitable for palm oil production in Sierra 

Leone in December 2011.

The land is located in the Pujehun District in the Southern Province of Sierra Leone.  This area, which is close to the Liberian 

border, is suitable for palm oil production.  The region receives one of the highest levels of rainfall in Sierra Leone, which 

in itself, receives some of the highest rainfall globally.  In addition, the lease area is located on the equatorial belt, which is 

the most favourable geographical location for palm oil production.  The Board believes that as the most important and 

widely produced edible oil in the world, demand for palm oil is projected to continue to grow, driven by demand in Africa, 

India, China and the US, making it an important new target of for Agriterra’s investment strategy.  

22 Agriterra Report and Financial Statements 2011–2012

Financial Statements

Agriterra Report and Financial Statements 2011–12

23

DIRECTORS’ REPORT

The  directors  of  Agriterra  Limited  (“Agriterra”  or  the “Company”)  hereby  present  their  report  together  with  the 
audited financial statements for the year ended 31 May 2012 for the Company and its subsidiaries (altogether the 
“Group”).

Principal activities, business review and future developments
The principal activity of the Group is investing in agricultural and associated civil engineering industries in Africa.  A 
review of the Group’s performance, key performance indicators and prospects is given in the Chairman’s Statement 
and  Operations  Overview  on  pages  7  to  22.    A  review  of  the  risks  and  uncertainties  impacting  on  the  Group’s 
long term performance is included in the Corporate Governance report on pages 27 to 29.  Details of the Group’s 
exposure to foreign exchange and other financial risks are included in note 3.

Results and dividend
The Group results show a loss after taxation and discontinued operations attributable to the equity holders of the 
Company of $6.2m (2011: loss $2.4m).  The directors are unable to recommend a dividend.

Directors
The directors who served since 1 June 2011: 

PH Edmonds

AS Groves

EA Kay 

MN Pelham

Chairman

Chief Executive Officer

Executive Director

Non-Executive Director

Directors’ interests
The directors serving during the year had the following beneficial interests in the shares of the Company:

PH Edmonds 

AS Groves

EA Kay

MN Pelham

Ordinary shares of 0.1p each

31 May 2012

31 May 2011

15,000,000

15,040,000

4,635,520

1,067,760

15,000,000

15,040,000

2,500,000

–

The directors’ interests in share options of the Company as at 31 May 2012 were as follows:

EA Kay

Date of grant

9 January 2009

Exercise price

3p

Number of ordinary 
shares of 0.1p each

2,500,000

No  share  options  were  granted  to  or  exercised  by  directors  during  the  year.    All  options  have  vested  and  are 
exercisable until 9 January 2019.

24 Agriterra Report and Financial Statements 2011–2012

On 29 July 2012, share options were granted as follows:

EA Kay

EA Kay

Date of grant

29 July 2012 1

29 July 2012 2

Exercise price

3.5p

5.5p

Number of ordinary 
shares of 0.1p each

2,500,000

2,500,000

20% of these options vest on each of the first to fifth anniversaries of the date of grant.

1 These options are exercisable until 28 July 2022.
2 These options are exercisable until 11 January 2020.

There have been no other changes in directors’ interests in shares or options between 1 June 2012 and 31 October 
2012.

Directors’ indemnities
The Company has made qualifying third party indemnity provisions for the benefit of its directors which were made 
during the year and remain in force at the date of this report.

Employee involvement policies
The Group places considerable value on the awareness and involvement of its employees in the Group’s performance.  
Within bounds of commercial confidentiality, information is disseminated to all levels of staff about matters that 
affect the progress of the Group and that are of interest and concern to them as employees.

Creditors payment policy and practice
The Group’s policy is to ensure that, in the absence of dispute, all suppliers are dealt with in accordance with its 
standard payment policy to abide by the terms of payment agreed with suppliers when agreeing the terms of each 
transaction. Suppliers are made aware of the terms of payment. The number of days of average daily purchases 
included in trade payables at 31 May 2012 was 6 days (2011: 11 days).

Political and charitable donations
During the year no political and charitable donations were made (2011: $nil). 

Social and community issues
The Group recognises the value of employment and training to the continued economic growth in the countries 
in which it operates.  The Group is developing policies to ensure its expertise and specialist skills and facilities are 
made available to the broader community.

Post balance sheet events
Post balance sheet events are detailed in note 21 to the financial statements. 

Statement as to disclosure of information to auditor
The directors who were in office on the date of approval of these financial statements have confirmed that, as far 
as they are aware, there is no relevant audit information of which the auditor is unaware. Each of the directors have 
confirmed that they have taken all the steps that they ought to have taken as directors in order to make themselves 
aware of any relevant audit information and to establish that it has been communicated to the auditor.

Agriterra Report and Financial Statements 2011–2012

25

DIRECTORS’ REPORT (continued)

Auditor
The Company’s auditor, Baker Tilly UK Audit LLP, has indicated its willingness to continue in office.

Electronic communications
The	maintenance	and	integrity	of	the	Company’s	website	is	the	responsibility	of	the	directors;	the	work	carried	out	
by the auditor does not involve consideration of these matters and accordingly, the auditor accepts no responsibility 
for  any  changes  that  may  have  occurred  to  the  financial  statements  since  they  were  initially  presented  on  the 
website. 

The Company’s website is maintained in compliance with AIM Rule 26.

By order of the Board
P H Edmonds
Chairman
12 November 2012

26 Agriterra Report and Financial Statements 2011–2012

CORPORATE GOVERNANCE

The  board  of  directors  is  accountable  to  the  Company’s  shareholders  for  good  corporate  governance  and  the 
directors support the UK Corporate Governance Code as far as it is appropriate to the Group’s size and its stage 
of  development.    Set  out  below  is  a  summary  of  how,  at  31  May  2012,  the  Group  was  dealing  with  corporate 
governance issues.

The Board of Directors
The Group is led and controlled by a board comprising the chairman, the chief executive, an executive director and 
one non-executive director.  The board is responsible for formulating, reviewing and approving the Group’s strategy, 
budgets and corporate actions.

There are no matters specifically reserved to the board for its decision, but no decision of any consequence is made 
other than by the directors.  There is no separate Nomination Committee due to the current size of the board and 
any new directors are appointed by the whole Board.

There  is  no  agreed  formal  procedure  for  the  directors  to  take  independent  professional  advice  at  the  Group’s 
expense.

The Group has adopted a share dealing code for directors’ dealings which is appropriate for an AIM quoted company. 
The Directors comply with Rule 21 of the AIM Rules relating to directors’ dealings and take all reasonable steps to 
ensure compliance by the Group’s employees.

The Company’s directors submit themselves for re-election at the Annual General Meeting at regular intervals in 
accordance with the Company’s Articles of Incorporation.

The company has Remuneration and Audit Committees comprising PH Edmonds and MN Pelham.

Directors’ Remuneration
The  remuneration  committee  reviews  the  performance  of  the  directors  and  makes  recommendations  to  the 
board on matters relating to the directors’ remuneration and other terms of employment.  The committee makes 
recommendations to the board on the granting of share options and other equity incentives and will administer 
any equity incentive schemes.  The committee is chaired by PH Edmonds.

Details of the remuneration of each director are set out in note 7 to the financial statements.

Accountability and Audit 
The audit committee is responsible for ensuring that the Group’s financial performance and position is properly 
monitored, controlled and reported.  The committee has unrestricted access to the auditor.  It has met once during 
the year and has reviewed the report from the auditors relating to the accounts and internal controls.  The committee 
is also responsible for reviewing the scope and results of the audit, its cost effectiveness and the independence and 
objectivity of the auditor. A formal statement of independence has been received from the external auditor for the 
year.  The committee is chaired by P H Edmonds.

Relations with Shareholders 
The chief executive is the company’s principal spokesperson with investors, fund managers, the press and other 
interested parties.  At the Annual General Meeting, investors are given the opportunity to question the board.

Agriterra Report and Financial Statements 2011–2012

27

 
CORPORATE GOVERNANCE (continued)

Internal Control 
The board acknowledges its responsibility for establishing and monitoring the Group’s systems of internal control.  
Although no system of internal control can provide absolute assurance against material misstatement or loss, the 
Group’s systems are designed to provide the directors with reasonable assurance that problems are identified on a 
timely basis and dealt with appropriately.

The board reviews the effectiveness of the systems of internal control and considers the major business risks and 
the control environment.  No significant control deficiencies have come to light during the year and no weakness 
in  internal  financial  control  has  resulted  in  material  losses,  contingencies  or  uncertainties  which  would  require 
disclosure as recommended by the guidance for directors on reporting on internal financial control.

In light of this control environment the Board considers that there is no current requirement for a separate internal 
audit function.

Compliance with relevant legislation
All directors are kept informed of changes in relevant legislation and changing commercial risks with the assistance 
of  the  Company’s  legal  advisers  and  auditors  where  appropriate.    The  directors  have  taken  appropriate  legal 
advice  and  implemented  internal  training  and  reporting  procedures  to  ensure  compliance  with  the  UK  Bribery 
Act 2010 (the “Bribery Act”) and the Corruption (Bailiwick of Guernsey) Law, 2003 which contains broadly similar 
restrictions.  Notwithstanding the fact that the Company is not UK–resident, the directors have formed a view that 
it is appropriate for the Company to maintain compliance with the Bribery Act.

Going Concern
The Group’s business activities, together with the factors likely to affect its future development, performance and 
position are set out in the Chairman’s Statement and Operations Overview on pages 7 to 22 and the risks facing 
Agricultural  businesses  are  outlined  below.    Note  3  to  the  financial  statements  include  the  Group’s  objectives, 
policies	 and	 processes	 for	 managing	 its	 capital;	 its	 financial	 risk	 management	 objectives;	 details	 of	 its	 financial	
instruments	and	hedging	activities;	and	its	exposures	to	credit	risk	and	liquidity	risk.		

The board has detailed its considerations relating to Going Concern in note 4 of the financial statements.

Risks and uncertainties
There are a number of risks and uncertainties facing the Group, principally the following:

Foreign exchange
The Group conducts its operations in jurisdictions with currencies other than its reporting currency and therefore 
is subject to fluctuations in exchange rates.  Some of the countries in which the Group operates maintain strict 
controls on access to foreign currency and the repatriation of funds.

Risks associated with operating in Africa
Changes in government, monetary policies, taxation, exchange control and other laws can have a significant impact 
on the Group’s assets and operations. Several countries in Africa have experienced periods of political instability, and 
there can be no guarantees as to the level of future political stability. Changes to government policies and applicable 
laws could adversely affect the operations and/or financial condition of the Group. The jurisdictions in which the 
Group might operate in the future may have less developed legal systems than more established economies, which 
could	result	in	risks	such	as	(i)	effective	legal	redress	in	the	courts	being	more	difficult	to	obtain;	(ii)	a	higher	degree	of	
discretion	on	the	part	of	governmental	authorities;	(iii)	the	lack	of	judicial	or	administrative	guidance	on	interpreting	

28 Agriterra Report and Financial Statements 2011–2012

 
applicable rules and regulations. In certain jurisdictions, the commitment of local business people, government 
officials and agencies and the judicial system to abide by legal requirements and negotiated agreements may be 
more  uncertain,  creating  particular  concerns  with  respect  to  the  Group’s  licenses  and  agreements  for  business. 
These may be susceptible to revision or cancellation and legal redress may be uncertain or delayed.

Regulatory risk
While  the  Group  believes  that  its  operations  are  currently  in  substantial  compliance  with  all  relevant  material 
environmental and health and safety laws and regulations, there can be no assurance that new laws and regulations, 
or amendments to or stringent enforcement of, existing laws and regulations will not be introduced, which could 
have a material adverse impact on the Group.

Land ownership in Mozambique
Under the laws of Mozambique, proprietary rights in land are exclusive to the state.  The Mozambique constitution 
proscribes the state’s rights of ownership and the power and ability to determine the conditions for the use and 
development of land by individual or corporate persons.  The land can not be sold, mortgaged or encumbered in 
any way or by any means.  The state grants the right to use and develop the land which is evidenced by a Use and 
Development of Land License (“DUAT”) which allows for the title holder to build and register any infrastructure under 
its name on such land.  DECA, Compagri and Mozbife’s operations are dependent on obtaining and maintaining 
the relevant DUATs, and whilst there is currently no indication that the relevant DUATs are invalid, there can be no 
guarantees that this will not change in future.

Growing season 
The  Group  anticipates  a  six  month  buying/growing  season  for  maize  and  a  similar  profile  for  cocoa.    However 
matters outside the control of the Group, such as adverse weather conditions, could impact upon the amount of 
production achieved by local farmers in any year, which could consequently have adverse effects on the Group’s 
business and profit margins.

Agriterra Report and Financial Statements 2011–2012

29

STATEMENT OF DIRECTORS’ RESPONSIBILITIES

The Companies (Guernsey) Law 2008, as amended (the “2008 Law”) requires the directors to ensure that the financial 
statements are prepared properly and in accordance with any relevant enactment for the time being in force.  The 
directors are required to prepare financial statements for each financial period which give a true and fair view of the 
state of affairs of the Company and Group and of the profit and loss for that period.

The directors are required by the AIM Rules of the London Stock Exchange to prepare group financial statements in 
accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards (“IFRS”) as adopted by the European Union (“EU”) and 
have elected under Guernsey Company Law to prepare the company financial statements in accordance with IFRS 
as adopted by the EU.

The financial statements are required by IFRS as adopted by the EU to present fairly the financial position of the 
Group and the financial performance of the Group. Applicable law provides in relation to such financial statements 
that references to financial statements giving a true and fair view are references to their achieving a fair presentation.

The directors must not approve the financial statements unless they are satisfied that they give a true and fair view 
of the state of affairs of the Group and of the profit or loss of the Group for that period. 

In preparing the Group financial statements, the directors are required to:

select	suitable	accounting	policies	and	then	apply	them	consistently;

•	
•	 make	judgements	and	accounting	estimates	that	are	reasonable	and	prudent;
•	
• 

state	whether	they	have	been	prepared	in	accordance	with	IFRSs	as	adopted	by	the	EU;	and

 prepare  the  financial  statements  on  the  going  concern  basis  unless  it  is  inappropriate  to  presume  that  the 
Group and the Company will continue in business.

The directors are responsible for keeping adequate accounting records that are sufficient to show and explain the 
Group’s  transactions  and  disclose  with  reasonable  accuracy  at  any  time  the  financial  position  of  the  group  and 
enable  them  to  ensure  that  the  financial  statements  comply  with  applicable  law.   They  are  also  responsible  for 
safeguarding the assets of the Group and hence for taking reasonable steps for the prevention and detection of 
fraud and other irregularities.

The directors are responsible for the maintenance and integrity of the corporate and financial information included 
on the Group’s website.  Legislation in Guernsey governing the preparation and dissemination of financial statements 
may differ from legislation in other jurisdictions.

The directors confirm they have discharged their responsibilities as noted above.

30 Agriterra Report and Financial Statements 2011–2012

 
 
INDEPENDENT AUDITOR’S REPORT TO THE MEMBERS OF 
AGRITERRA LIMITED

We have audited the Group and Company financial statements of Agriterra Limited for the year ended 31 May 2012 
on pages 32 to 77.  The financial reporting framework that has been applied in their preparation is applicable law 
and International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRSs) as adopted by the European Union.

This report is made solely to the company’s members, as a body, in accordance with section 262 of the Companies 
(Guernsey) Law 2008.  Our audit work has been undertaken so that we might state to the Company’s members 
those matters we are required to state to them in an auditor’s report and for no other purpose.  To the fullest extent 
permitted by law, we do not accept or assume responsibility to anyone other than the company and the company’s 
members as a body, for our audit work, for this report, or for the opinions we have formed.

Respective responsibilities of directors and auditors
As  more  fully  explained  in  the  Statement  of  Directors’  Responsibilities  set  out  on  page  30,  the  directors  are 
responsible for the preparation of the financial statements and for being satisfied that they give a true and fair view.  
Our responsibility is to audit and express an opinion on the financial statements in accordance with applicable law 
and International Standards on Auditing (UK and Ireland).  Those standards require us to comply with the Auditing 
Practices Board’s (APB’s) Ethical Standards for Auditors.

We read other information contained in the annual report and consider the implications for our report if we become 
aware of any apparent misstatements within them.

Scope of the audit
A  description  of  the  scope  of  an  audit  of  financial  statements  arising  from  the  requirements  of  International 
Standards on Auditing (UK and Ireland) is provided on the APB’s website at www.frc.org.uk/apb/scope/private.cfm .

Opinion on the financial statements
In our opinion the financial statements:
• 
• 
• 

 give a true and fair view of the state of the Group’s and the Company’s affairs as at 31 May 2012 and of the 
Group’s	loss	for	the	year	then	ended;
 the Group and Company financial statements have been properly prepared in accordance with IFRS as adopted 
by	the	European	Union;	and
 the Group and Company financial statements have been prepared in accordance with the requirements of the 
Companies (Guernsey) Law 2008.

Matters on which we are required to report by exception
We have nothing to report in respect of the following matters where the Companies (Guernsey) Law 2008 requires 
us to report to you if, in our opinion:
•	 proper	accounting	records	have	not	been	kept	by	the	company;	or
•	
•  we have not received all the information and explanations we require for our audit.

the	Company	individual	financial	statements	are	not	in	agreement	with	the	accounting	records;	or

Baker Tilly UK Audit LLP, Auditor
Chartered Accountants and Registered Auditors
25 Farringdon Street
London  EC4A 4AB

12 November 2012

Agriterra Report and Financial Statements 2011–2012

31

CONSOLIDATED INCOME STATEMENT
For the year ended 31 May 2012

Continuing Operations

Revenue

Cost of sales

Gross profit

Increase in value of biological assets

Operating expenses

Other expenses

Other income

Share of profit from associate

Operating loss

Finance income 

Finance costs

Loss before taxation

Income tax expense

Loss after tax

Discontinued operations

Profit / (loss) for the year

Note

5

Year ended 
31 May 2012
$’000

Year ended 
31 May 2011
$’000

13,826

(11,913)

13,588

(10,372)

14

16

6

8

8

9

1,913

400

(8,851)

(318)

47

9

3,216

214

(6,109)

(233)

582

-

(6,800)

(2,330)

48

(164)

159

-

(6,916)

(2,171)

(26)

(168)

(6,942)

(2,339)

10

721

(89)

Loss for the year attributable to owners of the parent

(6,221)

(2,428)

Loss per share 

– Basic and diluted (cents)

Loss per share from continuing operations

– Basic and diluted (cents)

11

11

(0.7c)

(0.4c)

(0.8c)

(0.4c)

The notes on pages 37 to 67 form part of the financial statements.

32 Agriterra Report and Financial Statements 2011–2012

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME
For the year ended 31 May 2012

Loss for the year

Foreign exchange translation differences

Other comprehensive income for the year

Total comprehensive income for the year
attributable to owners of the parent company

The notes on pages 37 to 67 form part of the financial statements.

Year ended 
31 May 2012
$’000

Year ended 
31 May 2011
$’000

(6,221)

(2,428)

2,078

2,078

3,399

3,399

(4,143)

971

Agriterra Report and Financial Statements 2011–2012

33

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF FINANCIAL POSITION
As at 31 May 2012

ASSETS

Non-current assets

Intangible assets

Property, plant and equipment

Investment in associate

Biological assets

Total non-current assets

Current assets

Biological assets

Inventories 

Trade and other receivables

Cash and cash equivalents

Total current assets

TOTAL ASSETS 

LIABILITIES 

Current liabilities

Trade and other payables 

NET ASSETS

EQUITY

Issued capital

Share premium

Shares to be issued

Share based payment reserve

Translation reserve

Retained earnings

TOTAL EQUITY ATTRIBUTABLE TO 
OWNERS OF THE PARENT

Note

12

13

16

14

14

15

16

16

2012
$’000

963

26,243

9

1,642

28,857

1,018

6,701

3,628

3,553

14,900

2011
$’000

271

13,264

-

631

14,166

157

2,976

2,039

8,172

13,344

43,757

27,510

17

(2,361)

(2,678)

41,396

24,832

18

1,957

148,530

2,940

1,620

296

1,387

131,593

-

1,360

(1,782)

(113,947)

(107,726)

41,396

24,832

The notes on pages 37 to 67 form part of the financial statements.

The financial statements on pages 32 to 67 were approved and authorised for issue by the Board of Directors on 
12 November 2012 and were signed on its behalf.

PH Edmonds
Chairman

34 Agriterra Report and Financial Statements 2011–2012

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF CHANGES IN EQUITY

Attributable to equity holders of the parent

Ordinary 
share 
capital 
$’000

Deferred 
share 
capital 
$’000

Share 
premium 
$’000

Shares
 to be 
issued 
$’000

Share 
based 
payment 
reserve 
$’000

Translation
 reserve
$’000

Retained 
earnings 
$’000

Total 
$’000

Balances at 1 June 2010

923

238

125,184

Loss for the year

Other comprehensive 
income

Exchange translation 
differences on foreign 
operations 

Total comprehensive 
income for the year

Transactions with 
owners

Share issues

Issue costs

Total transactions with 
owners

-

-

-

226

-

226

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

6,570

(161)

6,409

Balances at 1 June 2011

1,149

238

131,593

Loss for the year

Other comprehensive 
income

Exchange translation 
differences on foreign 
operations

Total comprehensive 
income for the year

Transactions with owners

Share issues

Shares to be issued

Issue costs

Share based payment 
charge

Total transactions with 
owners

Balances at 31 May 2012

-

-

-

570

-

-

-

570

1,719

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

17,707

(770)

-

16,937

238

148,530

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

1,360

(5,181)

(105,298)

17,226

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

(2,428)

(2,428)

3,399

3,399

-

(2,428)

3,399

971

-

-

-

-

-

-

6,796

(161)

6,635

1,360

(1,782)

(107,726)

24,832

-

-

-

-

-

-

(6,221)

(6,221)

2,078

-

2,078

2,078

(6,221)

(4,143)

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

18,277

2,940

(610)

100

20,707

296

(113,947)

41,396

-

2,940

-

-

160

100

2,940

2,940

260

1,620

The notes on pages 37 to 67 form part of the financial statements.

Agriterra Report and Financial Statements 2011–2012

35

CONSOLIDATED CASH FLOW STATEMENT
For the year ended 31 May 2012

Operating activities
Loss before tax 
Adjustments for: 
– Depreciation of property, plant and equipment
– Loss on disposal of property, plant and equipment
– Share based payment charge
– Increase in Biological assets
– Foreign exchange
– Net interest expense / (income)
Operating cash flow before movements in working capital
Working capital adjustments:
– (Increase) / decrease in inventory
– Increase in receivables
– (Decrease) / increase in payables
Cash (used in) / from operations
Finance charges
Interest received
Net cash (used in) / from continuing operating activities
Net cash from / (used in) discontinued activities
Net cash (used in) / from operating activities
Taxation
Corporate tax paid
Net cash outflow from taxation
Investing activities
Purchase of intangible asset
Purchase of subsidiary net of debt acquired
Purchase of property, plant and equipment
Proceeds on sale of property, plant and equipment
Purchase of biological assets
Proceeds on sale of investment in financial assets
Net cash used in investing activities
Financing activities
Proceeds from issue of share capital
Share issue costs
Draw down of bank loan
Net cash from financing activities
Net (decrease) / increase in cash and cash equivalents
Cash and cash equivalents at start of the year
Exchange rate adjustment
Cash and cash equivalents at end of the year 

The notes on pages 37 to 67 form part of the financial statements.

36 Agriterra Report and Financial Statements 2011–2012

Year ended 
31 May 2012
$’000

Year ended 
31 May 2011
$’000

(6,916)

1,878
12
100
(400)
149
116
(5,061)

(3,505)
(1,545)
(690)
(10,801)
(164)
48
(10,917)
721
(10,196)

(60)
(60)

-
(283)
(7,575)
96
(1,428)
-
(9,190)

15,000
(610)
123
14,513
(4,933)
8,172
314
3,553

(2,171)

1,228
5
-
(214)
(141)
(159)
(1,452)

1,973
(547)
261
235
-
159
394
(198)
196

(38)
(38)

(250)
-
(2,568)
38
(255)
128
(2,907)

6,883
(161)
-
6,722
3,973
3,442
757
8,172

NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
For the year ended 31 May 2012

1. GENERAL INFORMATION 

Agriterra Limited is incorporated and domiciled in Guernsey.  The address of the registered office is given on 
page 4.  The nature of the Group’s operations and its principal activities are set out in the Chairman’s Statement and 
Operations Overview on pages 7 to 22.

The functional currency of the Company is Pounds Sterling (GBP).  The reporting currency for the Company and 
Group is the U.S. Dollar (USD) as it better reflects the Group’s business activities in the agricultural sector in Africa 
and therefore the Group’s financial position and financial performance.

The  financial  statements  have  been  prepared  in  accordance  with  International  Financial  Reporting  Standards 
(“IFRS”) as adopted by the European Union.  

During the year the following standards have been adopted in these financial statements:

IAS 24 (revised)

IFRIC 14 (amended)

Related Party Disclosures

The Limit on a Defined Benefit Asset, Minimum Funding Requirements and 
their Interaction

IFRIC 19

Extinguishing Financial Liabilities with Equity Instruments

The adoption of these standards has had no material effect other than some minor disclosure items.

Agriterra Report and Financial Statements 2011–2012

37

NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
For the year ended 31 May 2012

1. GENERAL INFORMATION (continued)

At the date of authorisation of these financial statements, the following Standards and Interpretations relevant to 
the Group’s operations that have not been applied in these financial statements were in issue but not yet effective 
or endorsed (unless otherwise stated):

IFRS 7 (amended)

IFRS 9

IFRS 10

IFRS 11

IFRS 12

IFRS 13 

IAS 27

IAS 28

IAS 1

IAS 19 (revised)

IAS 32

IFRIC 20

Financial Instruments: Disclosures (effective for annual periods beginning on or 
after 1 January 2013)

Financial Instruments: Classification (effective for annual periods beginning on 
or after 1 January 2015)

Consolidated Financial Statements (effective for annual periods beginning on or 
after 1 January 2013)

Joint Arrangements (effective for annual periods beginning on or after  
1 January 2013). 

Disclosure of Interests in Other Entities (effective for annual periods beginning 
on or after 1 January 2013)

Fair Value Measurement (effective for annual periods beginning on or after  
1 January 2013). 

Separate Financial Statements (as amended 2011) (effective for annual periods 
beginning on or after 1 January 2013).

Investments in Associates and Joint Ventures (as amended 2011) (effective for 
annual periods beginning on or after 1 January 2013).

Presentation	of	Financial	Statements	-	Amendment;	Presentation	of	items	of	
other comprehensive income  (effective for annual periods beginning on or 
after 1 July 2012). Endorsed June 2012

Employee Benefits - (effective for annual periods beginning on or after  
1 January 2013). Endorsed June 2012

Financial	Instruments	-	Presentation	-	Amendment;	Offsetting	Financial	Assets	
and Financial Liabilities (effective for annual periods beginning on or after  
1 January 2014).

Accounting for stripping costs in the production phase of a surface mine 
(effective for annual periods beginning on or after 1 January 2013).

Unless indicated to the contrary, these amendments have not yet been endorsed by the EU.

The directors anticipate that the adoption of these Standards and Interpretations in future periods will have no 
material impact on the financial statements of the Group.

38 Agriterra Report and Financial Statements 2011–2012

2. SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

Basis of accounting
The Group and Company financial statements have been prepared on the historical cost basis except for financial 
instruments measured at fair value and biological assets measured at fair value less point of sale costs.  The principal 
accounting policies adopted are set out below.

Basis of consolidation
(i)  Subsidiaries
The consolidated financial statements incorporate the financial statements of the Company and entities controlled 
by the Company (its subsidiaries) made up to 31 May.  Control is recognised where the Company has the power to 
govern the financial and operating policies of an investee entity so as to obtain benefits from its activities. 

The  results  of  subsidiaries  acquired  or  disposed  of  during  the  year  are  included  in  the  consolidated  income 
statement from the effective date of acquisition or up to the effective date of disposal, as appropriate.

(ii)  Associates
Associates are those entities in which the Group has significant influence, but not control, over the financial and 
operating policies.  The consolidated financial statements include the Group’s share of the total recognised income 
and expenses of associates on an equity accounted basis, from the date that significant influence commences until 
the date that significant influence ceases. When the Group’s share of losses exceeds its interest in an associate, the 
Group’s carrying amount is reduced to nil and recognition of further losses is discontinued except to the extent that 
the Group has a binding obligation to make payments on behalf of an associate.

(iii)  Transactions eliminated on consolidation 
Intra-group transactions, balances and unrealised gains on transactions between group companies are eliminated.  
Unrealised losses are eliminated in the same way as unrealised gains, but only to the extent that there is no evidence 
of impairment.

Business combinations 
The acquisition of subsidiaries is accounted for using the acquisition method.  The cost of acquisition is measured 
at the aggregate of the fair values, at the date of acquisition, of assets given, liabilities incurred or assumed and 
equity instruments issued by the Group in exchange for control of the acquiree. Costs directly attributable to the 
acquisitions are expensed as incurred.

The  assets,  liabilities  and  contingent  liabilities  of  the  acquiree  are  measured  at  their  fair  value  at  the  date  of 
acquisition.  Any excess of the fair value of the consideration paid over the fair value of the identifiable net assets 
acquired is recognised as goodwill.  If the fair value of the consideration is less than the fair value of the identifiable 
net assets acquired, the difference is recognised directly in the income statement.

A transaction with a minority is not a business combination.  The excess of consideration over the minority share of 
the net assets of the Group is taken to reserves.

Agriterra Report and Financial Statements 2011–2012

39

 
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
For the year ended 31 May 2012

2. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (continued)

Goodwill
Goodwill arising on the acquisition of subsidiaries is recognised as an asset and is separately disclosed.

Goodwill is reviewed for impairment at least annually.  Any impairment is recognised immediately in profit or loss 
and is not subsequently reversed.  For the purpose of impairment testing goodwill is allocated to cash generating 
units  of  the  acquirer  which  represent  the  smallest  identifiable  group  of  assets  that  generates  cash  inflows  that 
are  largely  independent  of  the  cash  inflows  from  other  assets  or  groups  of  assets.    On  disposal  of  a  subsidiary, 
associate or joint venture, the attributable amount of goodwill is included in the determination of the profit or loss 
on disposal.

Going concern
The board has detailed its considerations relating to Going Concern in note 4 of the financial statements.

The directors have, at the time of approving the financial statements, a reasonable expectation that the Company 
and Group have adequate resources to continue in  operational  existence  for the  foreseeable future.   Thus they 
continue to adopt the going concern basis of accounting in preparing the financial statements.  

Foreign currency translation
(i)  Functional and presentation currency 
The  individual  financial  statements  of  each  subsidiary  company  are  presented  in  the  currency  of  the  primary 
economic environment in which it operates (“the functional currency”). The consolidated financial statements are 
presented in US Dollars. The functional currency of the Company is pounds sterling and its financial statements are 
presented in US Dollars.

(ii)  Transactions and balances 
Foreign currency transactions are translated into the functional currency of the entity using the exchange rates 
prevailing at the dates of the transactions. Foreign exchange gains and losses resulting from the settlement of such 
transactions and from the translation of monetary assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies at year 
end exchange rates are recognised in the income statement.

(iii)  Consolidation
For the purpose of presenting consolidated financial statements, the assets and liabilities of the group’s operations 
are translated at exchange rates prevailing at the balance sheet date.  Income and expense items are translated at 
the average exchange rates for the year, unless exchange rates fluctuate significantly during the year, in which case 
exchange rates at the date of transactions are used.  Exchange differences arising from the translation of the net 
investment in foreign operations and overseas branches are recognised in the Group’s and Company’s translation 
reserve respectively, a separate component of equity.  Such translation differences are recognised as income or 
expense in the year in which the operation or branch is disposed of.

The 

following  exchange  rates  have  been  used 

in  preparing  the  consolidated  financial  statements:

Average Rate

Closing Rate

2012

2011

2012

2011

USD : GBP

Mozambican Meticais: USD

1.5609

27.30

1.5770

33.78

1.5477

27.59

1.6540

29.78

40 Agriterra Report and Financial Statements 2011–2012

 
 
Revenue recognition
Revenue is recognised when revenue and associated costs can be measured reliably and future economic benefits 
are  probable.  Revenue  is  measured  at  the  fair  value  of  the  consideration  received  or  receivable  for  goods  and 
services provided in the normal course of business, net of discounts, VAT and other sales related taxes.

Sales of goods are recognised when goods are delivered and title has passed.  Delivery occurs when the products 
have arrived at the specified location, and the risks and rewards of ownership have been transferred to the customer.

Operating loss
Operating loss consists of operating expenses and excludes interest income net of finance costs.

Interest income
Interest income is accrued on an amortised cost  basis, by reference to the principal outstanding and at the effective 
interest rate applicable, which is the rate that exactly discounts estimated future cash receipts through the expected 
life of the financial asset to that asset’s net carrying amount.

Leasing
Rentals payable under operating leases are charged to income on a straight-line basis over the term of the relevant 
lease.  Benefits received and receivable as an incentive to enter into an operating lease are also spread on a straight 
line basis over the lease term.

Taxation
The Company is resident for taxation purposes in Guernsey and its income is subject to income tax, presently at a 
rate of zero.  The income of overseas subsidiaries is subject to tax at the prevailing rate in each jurisdiction.

The income tax expense for the period comprises current and deferred tax. Income tax is recognised in the income 
statement except to the extent that it relates to items recognised in other comprehensive income or directly in 
equity, when tax is recognised in other comprehensive income or directly in equity as appropriate.  Taxable profit 
differs from accounting profit as reported in the income statement because it excludes items of income or expense 
that are taxable or deductible in other years and it further excludes items that are never taxable or deductible.

Current tax expense is the expected tax payable on the taxable income for the year. It is calculated on the basis of 
the tax laws and rates enacted or substantively enacted at the balance sheet date, and includes any adjustment 
to  tax  payable  in  respect  of  previous  years.  Deferred  tax  is  calculated  using  the  balance  sheet  liability  method, 
providing for temporary differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities for financial reporting 
purposes and the amounts used for taxation purposes. Deferred tax assets are recognised to the extent that it is 
probable that taxable profit will be available against which the asset can be utilised. This requires judgements to be 
made in respect of the availability of future taxable income.

The Group’s deferred tax assets and liabilities are calculated using tax rates that are expected to apply in the period 
when the liability is settled or the asset realised based on tax rates that have been enacted or substantively enacted 
by the reporting date.

Deferred income tax assets and liabilities are offset only when there is a legally enforceable right to offset current 
tax assets against current tax liabilities and when the deferred income tax assets and liabilities relate to income taxes 
levied by the same taxation authority on either the same taxable entity or different taxable entities where there is 
an intention to settle the balances on a net basis.

Agriterra Report and Financial Statements 2011–2012

41

NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
For the year ended 31 May 2012

2. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (continued)

No deferred tax asset or liability is recognised in respect of temporary differences associated with investments in 
subsidiaries, branches and joint ventures where the Group is able to control the timing of reversal of the temporary 
differences and it is probable that the temporary differences will not reverse in the foreseeable future.

Operating segments
The Chief Operating Decision Maker is the Board of Directors. The board reviews the Group’s internal reporting in 
order to assess performance of the business. Management has determined the operating segment based on the 
reports reviewed by the board. The board considers the activities from a business viewpoint.

Property, plant and equipment
All items of property, plant and equipment are stated at historical cost less depreciation (see below) and impairment.  
Historical cost includes expenditure that is directly attributable to the acquisition.  Subsequent costs are included 
in the asset’s carrying value when it is considered probable that future economic benefits associated with the item 
will flow to the Group and the cost of the item can be measured reliably.

Assets in course of construction for production, rental or administrative purposes not yet determined are carried at 
cost, less any identified impairment loss.  Cost includes professional fees and associated administrative expenses.

Depreciation is charged to the income statement on a straight-line basis over the estimated useful lives of each 
item, as follows:

Land

Buildings and leasehold improvements

Assets in course of construction

Plant and equipment

Aviation assets

Motor vehicles

Office furniture and equipment

Nil

5% –   25%

Nil

7% –   25%

20%

20% –   25%

10% –   33%

The assets’ residual values and useful lives are reviewed, and adjusted if appropriate, at each balance sheet date.  
Gains and losses on disposals are determined by comparing proceeds with carrying amount and are included in 
the income statement.

Intangible assets
All  costs  incurred  prior  to  obtaining  the  legal  right  to  a  concession  are  written-off  as  incurred.    Costs  arising 
following the acquisition of a concession or an exploration licence are carried at historical cost less impairment 
losses recognised on a project-by-project basis, pending determination of the technical feasibility and commercial 
viability of the project. Costs incurred include technical expenses and allocated administrative overheads.  Intangible 
assets arising on consolidation are stated at fair value less any impairment losses recognised.

Intangible assets are amortised from completion over the remaining life of the concession.

Impairment of property, plant and equipment and intangible assets excluding goodwill
Whenever events or changes in circumstance indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable 
an asset is reviewed for impairment.  An asset’s carrying value is written down to its estimated recoverable amount 
(being the higher of the fair value less costs to sell and value in use) if that is less than the asset’s carrying amount.  

42 Agriterra Report and Financial Statements 2011–2012

Impairment  reviews  for  deferred  exploration  and  evaluation  costs  are  carried  out  on  a  project  by  project  basis, 
with each project representing a potential single cash generating unit.  An impairment review is undertaken when 
indicators of impairment arise but typically when one of the following circumstances apply:

•	 unexpected	geological	occurrences	that	render	the	resource	uneconomic;
•	 title	to	the	asset	is	compromised;
•	 variations	in	oil	and	gas	prices	that	render	the	project	uneconomic;
•	 variations	in	the	currency	of	operation;	or
•  the Group determines that it no longer wishes to continue to evaluate or develop the asset.

Biological assets
A gain or loss in the value of a biological asset is measured in accordance with IAS 41 ‘Agriculture’ on consumer 
biological assets (beef cattle).  The herd comprises breeding and non-breeding cattle.  The breeding cattle comprise 
bulls, cows and heifers.  As these are expected to be held for more than one year, breeding cattle are classified as 
non-current assets.  The non breeding cattle comprise steers that will be grown and sold for slaughter and are 
classified as current assets.

Cattle are recorded as assets at the year end and the fair value is determined by the size of the herd and market 
prices at the reporting date.

The cost of forage is released to the income statement over the period it is consumed.

Inventories
Inventories are stated at the lower of cost and net realisable value.  Net realisable value is the estimated selling 
price in the ordinary course of business, less the estimated costs of completion and selling expenses.  The cost 
of  inventories  is  based  on  the  weighted  average  principle  and  includes  expenditure  incurred  in  acquiring  the 
inventories and bringing them to their existing location and condition.

Financial assets
Financial assets are classified into the following specific categories: financial assets ‘at fair value through profit or 
loss’ (FVTPL), ‘held-to-maturity’ investments, available-for-sale (AFS) financial assets and ‘loans and receivables’.  The 
classification depends upon the nature and purpose of the financial asset and is determined at the time of initial 
recognition.

Effective interest method
The effective interest method is a method of calculating the amortised cost of a debt instrument and of allocating 
interest income over the relevant period.  The effective interest  rate is the rate that exactly discounts the estimated 
future cash receipts (including all fees on points paid or received that form an integral part of the effective interest 
rate,  transaction  costs  and  other  premiums  or  discounts)  through  the  expected  life  of  the  debt  instrument,  or, 
where appropriate, a shorter period, to the net carrying amount on initial recognition.

Loans and receivables
Trade and other receivables are not interest bearing and are initially recognised at their fair value and are subsequently 
stated at amortised cost using the effective interest method as reduced by appropriate allowances for estimated 
irrecoverable amounts.

Agriterra Report and Financial Statements 2011–2012

43

 
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
For the year ended 31 May 2012

2. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (continued)

Cash and cash equivalents
Cash and cash equivalents includes cash in hand, deposits held at call with banks and other short-term highly 
liquid investments with original maturities of three months or less which are subject to an insignificant risk of 
changes in value.  

Financial liabilities

Trade and other payables 
Trade and other payables are initially measured at fair value and are subsequently measured at amortised cost, 
using the effective interest rate method.

Provisions
Provisions  are  recognised  when  the  Group  has  a  legal  or  constructive  obligation  as  a  result  of  past  events,  it  is 
probable that an outflow of the resources will be required to settle the obligation and the amount can be reliably 
estimated.

Equity instruments
Equity instruments issued by the Company are recorded at fair value on initial recognition, net of transaction costs.

Share based payments
The Company issues equity-settled share-based payments to certain employees. These payments are measured 
at fair value (excluding the effect of non market based vesting conditions) at the date of grant and the value is 
expensed on a straight-line basis over the vesting period, based on the Group’s estimate of the shares that will 
eventually vest and adjusted for non market based vesting conditions.  

Fair value is measured by use of the Black Scholes model.  The expected life used in the model is adjusted, based 
on  management’s  best  estimate,  for  the  effects  of  non-transferability,  exercise  restrictions  and  behavioural 
considerations.

3. FINANCIAL RISK FACTORS

The Group’s and Company’s principal financial instruments comprise cash, and short-term deposits. Together with 
the issue of equity share capital, the main purpose of these is to finance the Group and Company operations and 
expansion. The Group and Company have other financial instruments such as trade receivables and trade payables 
which arise directly from normal trading.

The Group and Company have not entered into any derivative or other hedging instruments. 

The main risks arising from the Group’s and Company’s financial instruments are credit risk, liquidity risk and market 
risk (including interest rate risk and currency risk). The Board reviews and agrees policies for managing each of these 
risks and these are summarised below. The interest receivable relates to interest earned on bank deposits.  Interest 
payable relates to bank overdraft interest and interest paid on related party loans.

44 Agriterra Report and Financial Statements 2011–2012

 
Credit risk
Credit  risk  arises  from  cash  and  cash  equivalents,  and  deposits  with  banks  and  financial  institutions,  as  well  as 
outstanding receivables.  The Group’s and Company’s principal deposits were held with various Banks with a high 
credit rating to diversify from a concentration of credit risk.  Receivables are regularly monitored and assessed for 
recoverability.  

The fair value of financial assets and liabilities is not materially different to the carrying values presented.

Maximum exposure to credit risk is as follows:

Group

Trade and other receivables

Cash

Company

Trade and other receivables

Cash

2012
$’000

3,628

3,553

7,181

1,760

2,434

4,194

2011
$’000

2,039

8,172

10,211

975

2,922

3,897

Liquidity risk
The Group’s and Company’s policy throughout the year has been to ensure that it has adequate liquidity by careful 
management of its working capital.  At 31 May 2012 the Group held cash deposits of $3.6m (2011: $8.2m).  At 31 
May 2012 the Company held cash deposits of $2.4m (2011: $2.9m).  At 31 May 2012 the Group had an overdraft 
facility of $2m (2011: $nil) of which $123,000 was utilised (2011: $nil) (see note 17).

Market risk
The significant market risk exposures to which the Group and Company are exposed are currency risk, and interest 
rate risk.  These are discussed further below:

•  Interest rate risk
The Group and Company finance operations through the use of cash deposits at variable rates of interest for a 
variety of short term periods, depending on cash requirements and an overdraft facility. The rates are reviewed 
regularly and the best rate obtained in the context of the Group’s and Company’s needs.  The weighted average 
interest rate on deposits was 1.1% (2011: 3.1%).  The weighted average interest on drawings under the overdraft 
facility was 22% (2011: not utilised ).

The exposure of the financial assets to interest rate risk is as follows:

Group

Financial assets at floating rates

Financial liabilities at floating rates

Company

Financial assets at floating rates

2012
$’000

3,553

(123)

3,430

2,434

2011
$’000

8,172

-

8,172

2,922

Agriterra Report and Financial Statements 2011–2012

45

NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
For the year ended 31 May 2012

3. FINANCIAL RISK FACTORS (continued)

•  Currency risk
The Group and Company conduct operations in other jurisdictions than their reporting currency and therefore are 
subject to fluctuations in exchange rates.  These risks are monitored by the board on a regular basis.  The Group and 
Company do not hedge against the effects of exchange rates.  

The exposure of the Group’s financial assets and liabilities to currency risk is as follows:

Cash and cash equivalents

Trade and other receivables

Total financial assets at 31 May 2012

Cash and cash equivalents

Trade and other receivables

Total financial assets at 31 May 2011

Bank loans

Trade payables

Other payables

Total financial liabilities at 31 May 2012

Trade payables

Other payables

Total financial liabilities at 31 May 2011

Sterling
$’000

2,433

1,489

3,922

2,917

755

3,672

-

148

565

713

177

822

999

US$
$’000

53

592

645

169

653

822

-

52

882

934

53

961

1,014

MTN
$’000

823

1,282

2,105

5,065

520

5,585

123

9

422

554

138

439

577

Other
$’000

244

265

509

21

111

132

-

-

160

160

-

88

88

Total
$’000

3,553

3,628

7,181

8,172

2,039

10,211

123

209

2,029

2,361

368

2,310

2,678

46 Agriterra Report and Financial Statements 2011–2012

The exposure of the Company’s financial assets and liabilities to currency risk is as follows:

Cash and cash equivalents

Trade and other receivables

Total financial assets at 31 May 2012

Cash and cash equivalents

Trade and other receivables

Total financial assets at 31 May 2011

Trade payables

Other payables

Total financial liabilities at 31 May 2012

Trade payables

Other payables

Total financial liabilities at 31 May 2011

Sterling
$’000

2,433

1,540

3,973

1,207

755

1,962

148

924

1,072

176

303

479

US$
$’000

1

220

221

1,646

220

1,866

52

304

356

53

822

875

Other
$’000

-

-

-

69

-

69

-

-

-

-

-

-

Total
$’000

2,434

1,760

4,194

2,922

975

3,897

200

1,228

1,428

229

1,125

1,354

Fair values
The directors have reviewed the financial statements and have concluded that there is no significant difference 
between the carrying values and the fair values of the assets and liabilities of the Group and of the Company as at 
31 May 2012 and 31 May 2011.

Commodity price risk
The Group is exposed to fluctuations in maize prices.  Whilst both input and sales prices will correlate to market 
prices,  timing  differences  between  purchase  and  sale  mean  margins  could  be  affected.  At  31  May  2012  a  5% 
decrease in the price of maize would reduce future margins by $670,000 (2011: $300,000).

The Group is also exposed to fluctuations in cocoa prices, however cocoa stocks at 31 May 2012 are not significant.

Biological asset risk
The Group’s cattle business is exposed to risks from disease and the effect of the weather on pasture land. These 
risks are mitigated by continuous veterinary monitoring and access to irrigated pasture land.

Capital risk management
The Group and Company plan capital requirements regularly. The requirement for capital is satisfied by the issue 
of shares.  Subsidiary companies are financed though equity investment and long term loans from the Company.

The Group’s and Company’s objectives when managing capital is to safeguard the Group’s and Company’s ability 
to continue as a going concern in order to provide returns for shareholders and benefits for other stakeholders. The 
Group and Company place funds which are not required in the short term on deposit at the best interest rates it is 
able to secure from its bankers. 

Agriterra Report and Financial Statements 2011–2012

47

 
 
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
For the year ended 31 May 2012

3. FINANCIAL RISK FACTORS (continued) 

At 31 May 2012 the Group had an overdraft facility of $2m secured upon its grain inventories in Mozambique (2011: 
$nil).  The Company had no short term borrowings or borrowing facilities at 31 May 2012 (2011: $nil).  The Group or 
Company are under no obligation to meet any externally imposed capital requirements.

Sensitivity analysis
Financial  instruments  affected  by  market  risk  include  cash  and  cash  equivalents,  trade  and  other  receivables  and 
payables.  The following analysis, required by IFRS 7, is intended to illustrate the sensitivity of the Group’s and Company’s 
financial instruments (at year end) to changes in market variables, being exchange rates and interest rates.

Exchange rates:

Group 

2012

+ 5% US$ Sterling

- 5% US$ Sterling

+ 5% US$ Metical

- 5% US$ Metical

2011

+ 5% US$ Sterling

- 5% US$ Sterling

+ 5% US$ Metical

- 5% US$ Metical

Company

2012

+ 5% US$ Sterling

- 5% US$ Sterling

2011

+ 5% US$ Sterling

- 5% US$ Sterling

Income Statement
$’000

117

(117)

14

(14)

82

(82)

73

(73)

Income Statement
$’000

116

(116)

82

(82)

Equity
$’000

117

(117)

14

(14)

82

(82)

73

(73)

Equity
$’000

116

(116)

82

(82)

The following assumptions were made in calculating the sensitivity analysis:

•	 all income statement sensitivities also impact equity
•	 	translation of foreign subsidiaries and operations into the Group’s presentation currency have been excluded 

from this sensitivity.

48 Agriterra Report and Financial Statements 2011–2012

Interest  Rates:  The  Group  and  Company  do  not  hold  any  financial  derivatives  other  than  cash  whose  value  is 
affected by changes in interest rates.

Group

2012

+ 20 bp increase in interest rates

+ 50 bp increase in interest rates

- 20 bp increase in interest rates

- 50 bp increase in interest rates

2011

+ 20 bp increase in interest rates

+ 50 bp increase in interest rates

- 20 bp increase in interest rates

- 50 bp increase in interest rates

Company

2012

+ 20 bp increase in interest rates

+ 50 bp increase in interest rates

- 20 bp increase in interest rates

- 50 bp increase in interest rates

2011

+ 20 bp increase in interest rates

+ 50 bp increase in interest rates

- 20 bp increase in interest rates

- 50 bp increase in interest rates

Income Statement
$’000

Equity
$’000

14

35

(14)

(35)

16

41

(16)

(41)

14

35

(14)

(35)

16

41

(16)

(41)

Income Statement
$’000

Equity
$’000

5

12

(5)

(12)

6

14

(6)

(14)

5

12

(5)

(12)

6

14

(6)

(14)

The above sensitivities are calculated with reference to a single moment in time and will change due to a number 
of factors including:

•	 fluctuating trade receivable and trade payable balances
•	 fluctuating cash balances
•	 changes in currency mix

Agriterra Report and Financial Statements 2011–2012

49

NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
For the year ended 31 May 2012

4. CRITICAL ACCOUNTING ESTIMATES AND JUDGMENTS

The  preparation  of  financial  statements  in  conformity  with  EU  adopted  IFRS  requires  the  use  of  certain  critical 
accounting estimates.  It also requires management to exercise its judgement in the process of applying the Group’s 
accounting policies.  The estimates and assumptions that have a significant risk of causing a material adjustment to 
the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities within the next financial year are discussed below.

Going concern
The  board  has  prepared  forecasts  for  the  Group’s  ongoing  businesses  covering  the  period  of  12  months  from 
the date of approval of these financial statements.  These forecasts are based on assumptions that there are no 
significant disruptions to the supply of maize or cocoa to meet its projected sales volumes and take into account 
the  investment  in  the  beef  herd,  other  working  capital  and  additional  property  plant  and  equipment  that  are 
expected to be required.  

As outlined in the chairman’s statement on pages 7 to 12, agreements have been reached which will monetise the 
Group’s legacy oil and gas assets.  The agreement to assign the remaining interest in South Omo is contingent upon 
the receipt of approval for the transaction from the Government of Ethiopia.  An application has been filed with the 
Ministry	of	Mines	and	Energy.		The	directors	have	met	with	the	minister	and	expect	approval	to	be	forthcoming;	
however its timing remains uncertain.  The agreement requires that the Group be reimbursed for its share of any 
expenditure on the South Omo block from 17 August 2012.  Notwithstanding this, the directors are confident that 
in the event that additional payments fall due under the joint operating agreement for the block, they will be able 
to secure any bridging finance required.  Furthermore in reviewing the working capital requirements of the Group, 
the directors have identified planned items of expenditure which can be deferred without having a detrimental 
impact on the ongoing operations of the Group.

The directors believe that, with the receipt of funds from the disposal of the legacy oil and gas assets, together with 
existing resources, the Group and Company is well placed to manage its business risks successfully despite the 
current uncertain economic outlook.  The directors have a reasonable expectation that the Group and Company 
have adequate resources to continue in operational existence for the foreseeable future. Thus they continue to 
adopt the going concern basis of accounting in preparing the annual financial statements.

Impairments
Impairment reviews on non-current assets are carried out on each cash-generating unit identified in accordance 
with IAS 36 “Impairment of Assets”.  At each reporting date, where there are indicators of impairment, the net book 
value of the cash generating unit is compared with the associated fair value. 

On  6  January  2009,  the  shareholders  approved  the  adoption  of  the  investing  strategy  to  acquire  or  invest  in 
businesses or projects operating in the agricultural and associated civil engineering industries in Southern Africa.  
The directors decided to suspend exploration activities and reduce expenditure to the minimum required in order 
to retain exploration licenses.  Consequently the directors consider that the value of exploration and evaluation and 
other related assets of $79,580,000 is fully impaired.  As outlined above, agreements have been reached which will 
monetise the Group’s legacy oil and gas assets.  The provisions for impairment will be written back as appropriate 
as gains from discontinued activities upon receipt of funds.

Biological assets
Biological assets (cattle) are measured at their fair value at each balance sheet date. The fair value of cattle is based 
on the estimated market value for cattle of a similar age and breed, less the estimated costs to bring them to market.  

50 Agriterra Report and Financial Statements 2011–2012

 
Changes in any estimates could lead to recognition of significant fair value changes in the income statement.  At 
31 May 2012 the value of the breeding herd disclosed as a non-current asset was $1,641,000 (2011: $631,000). The 
value of the herd held for slaughter disclosed as a current asset was $1,018,000 (2011:$157,000).

5. SEGMENT REPORTING

As  set  out  in  the  operating  review,  the  directors  consider  that  the  Group’s  continuing  activities  comprise  the 
segments of grain processing, beef production and cocoa businesses, and other unallocated expenditure in one 
geographical segment, Africa.  

Revenue represents sales to external customers in the country of domicile of the group company making the sale.

Unallocated expenditure relates to central costs and any items of expenditure that can not be directly attributed to 
an individual segment.

Year ending 31 May 2012

Revenue

Segment results

- Operating loss

- Interest (expense) / income

Loss before tax

Income tax

Loss after tax

Grain
$’000

9,681

(1,203)

(138)

(1,341)

(26)

(1,367)

Beef
$’000

895

(2,310)

-

(2,310)

-

(2,310)

Cocoa
$’000

3,250

Unallocated
$’000

-

(578)

-

(578)

-

(578)

(2,709)

22

(2,687)

-

(2,687)

The segment items included in the income statement for the year are as follows:

Depreciation

Year ending 31 May 2011

Revenue

Segment results

- Operating profit / (loss)

- Interest income

Profit / (loss) before tax

Income tax

Profit / (loss) after tax

Grain
$’000

980

Grain
$’000

13,533

270

141

411

(168)

243

Beef
$’000

703

Beef
$’000

55

(958)

-

(958)

-

(958)

Cocoa
$’000

105

Unallocated
$’000

90

Cocoa
$’000

Unallocated
$’000

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

(1,642)

18

(1,624)

-

(1,624)

The segment items included in the income statement for the year are as follows:

Depreciation

Grain
$’000

870

Beef
$’000

276

Cocoa
$’000

Unallocated
$’000

-

82

Total
$’000

13,826

(6,800)

(116)

(6,916)

(26)

(6,942)

Total
$’000

1,878

Total
$’000

13,588

(2,330)

159

(2,171)

(168)

(2,339)

Total
$’000

1,228

Agriterra Report and Financial Statements 2011–2012

51

NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
For the year ended 31 May 2012

5. SEGMENT REPORTING (continued)

Segment assets consist primarily of property, plant and equipment, inventories and trade and other receivables and 
cash and cash equivalents.  Segment liabilities comprise operating liabilities. 

Capital expenditure comprises of additions to property, plant and equipment and intangibles.

The segment assets and liabilities at 31 May 2012 and capital expenditure for the year then ended are as follows:

Assets

Liabilities

Capital expenditure

Grain
$’000

17,934

595

546

Beef
$’000

12,410

35

5,485

Cocoa
$’000

2,633

154

1,186

Unallocated
$’000

10,780

1,577

357

Segment assets and liabilities are reconciled to Group assets and liabilities as follows:

At 31 May 2012

Segment assets and liabilities

Discontinued activities

Unallocated:

Intangible assets

Property, plant and equipment

Other receivables

Cash

Trade payables

Accruals and deferred income

Total

Assets
$’000

32,978

226

266

6,385

1,437

2,465

-

-

43,757

Total
$’000

43,757

2,361

7,574

Liabilities
$’000

784

606

-

-

-

-

593

378

2,361

The segment assets and liabilities at 31 May 2011 and capital expenditure for the year then ended are as follows:

Assets

Liabilities

Capital expenditure

Grain
$’000

17,648

532

265

Beef
$’000

5,112

124

2,304

Cocoa
$’000

Unallocated
$’000

-

-

-

4,750

2,022

-

Total
$’000

27,510

2,678

2,569

52 Agriterra Report and Financial Statements 2011–2012

Segment assets and liabilities are reconciled to Group assets and liabilities as follows:

At 31 May 2011

Segment assets and liabilities

Discontinued activities

Unallocated:

Intangible assets

Property, plant and equipment

Other receivables

Cash

Amounts due to related parties

Accruals and deferred income

Total

Significant customers

Assets
$’000

22,760

231

271

295

946

3,007

-

-

27,510

Liabilities
$’000

655

606

-

-

-

-

177

1,240

2,678

In the year ended 31 May 2012, two customers generated $4,811,000 of revenue being 34.8% of group revenue 
(2011: two customers generated $4,174,000 being 30.7% of group revenue).

6. OPERATING LOSS

Operating loss has been arrived at after charging / (crediting):

Depreciation of property, plant and equipment

Loss on disposal of property, plant and equipment

Net foreign exchange loss / (gain)

Operating lease rentals: land & buildings

Staff costs (see note 7)

2012
$’000

1,878

12

584

31

3,198

Amounts payable to Baker Tilly UK Audit LLP and their associates in respect of audit services as follows:

Audit services

–  UK statutory audit of parent and consolidated accounts-Baker Tilly UK 

Audit LLP

–  Audit of overseas subsidiaries - Charles Orbach

Operating lease rentals are for periods of less than twelve months.

2012
$’000

135

60

195

2011
$’000

1,228

5

(251)

18

2,317

2011
$’000

133

66

199

Agriterra Report and Financial Statements 2011–2012

53

NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
For the year ended 31 May 2012

7. STAFF COSTS

The average monthly number of employees (including executive directors) employed by the Group for the year 
was as follows:

Office and Management

Operational

The aggregate remuneration comprised:

Wages and salaries

Social security costs

Share based payment charge

Less:  capitalised and included in assets under construction

Directors’ remuneration:

P H Edmonds

A S Groves 

E A Kay

M N Pelham

8. FINANCE INCOME AND ExPENSES

Directors’ remuneration:

Finance income: 

– Interest income on short-term bank deposits

Finance income

Interest expense: 

– Bank borrowings

Finance expenses

Net finance (charge) / income 

54 Agriterra Report and Financial Statements 2011–2012

2012
Number

34

666

700

2011
Number

32

318

350

2012
$’000

3,402

45

100

3,547

(349)

3,198

2012
$’000

78

156

174

50

458

2012
$’000

48

48

(164)

(164)

(116)

2011
$’000

2,407

25

-

2,432

(115)

2,317

2011
$’000

80

160

168

84

492

2011
$’000

159

159

-

-

-

159

9. INCOME TAx ExPENSE

Loss before tax from continuing activities:

Tax at the Mozambican corporation tax rate 32% (2011: 32%)

Tax effect of expenses that are not deductible in determining taxable profit

Tax effect of utilisation of losses 

Tax effect of losses not allowable

Tax effect of losses not recognised in overseas subsidiaries (net of effect of 
different rates)

(Credit) / charge in respect of prior years

Tax expense for the year

2012
$’000

(6,916)

(2,214)

78

(57)

768

1,533

(82)

26

2011
$’000

(2,171)

(695)

21

(90)

341

503

88

168

The tax reconciliation has been prepared using a 32% tax rate, the corporate income tax rate in Mozambique, as this 
is where the Group’s principal assets of its continuing operations are located.  

The Group has operations in a number of overseas jurisdictions where it has incurred taxable losses for the year 
of $4,500,000 (2011: $2,580,000).  To date no deferred tax asset has been recognised as the requirements of IAS 12 
‘Income taxes’ have not been met.  

The  Company  is  resident  for  taxation  purposes  in  Guernsey  and  its  income  is  subject  to  Guernsey  income  tax, 
presently at a rate of zero (2011: zero).  No tax is payable for the year due to losses incurred.  Deferred tax has not 
been provided for, as brought forward tax losses are not recoverable under the Income Tax (Zero 10) (Guernsey) 
Law, 2007 (as amended).

Agriterra Report and Financial Statements 2011–2012

55

NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
For the year ended 31 May 2012

10. DISCONTINUED OPERATIONS

On  6  January  2009,  the  shareholders  approved  the  adoption  of  the  investing  strategy  to  acquire  or  invest  in 
businesses or projects operating in the agricultural and associated civil engineering industries in Southern Africa.  
Consequently the oil and gas activities have been reclassified as a discontinued operation and the discontinued 
operations’  trading  results  are  included  in  the  income  statement  as  a  single  line  below  the  loss  after  taxation 
from continuing operations.  The Group has suspended all exploration activities and reduced expenditure to the 
minimum required in order to retain exploration licenses and extract potential value for shareholders.

Consequently exploration and evaluation costs of $79,580,000 were fully impaired in prior years.

The results for the discontinued operations are as follows:

Operating expenses

Other income

Profit / (loss) before taxation

Taxation

Profit / (loss) after taxation

2012
$’000

(5)

726

721

-

721

2011
$’000

(558)

469

(89)

-

(89)

Other income for the year ending 31 May 2012 comprises funds returned following the release of a bank guarantee. 

Cash flows from discontinued operations included in the consolidated statement of cash flows are as follows:

Net cash flows from operating activities

2012
$’000

721

2011
$’000

(198)

56 Agriterra Report and Financial Statements 2011–2012

11. EARNINGS PER SHARE

The calculation of the basic and diluted earnings per share is based on the following data:

Loss for the purposes of basic earnings per share (loss for the year 
attributable to equity holders of the parent)

Loss for the purposes of basic earnings per share from continuing 
activities

Profit / (loss) for the purposes of basic earnings per share from 
discontinued activities

2012
$’000

6,221

6,942

721

2011
$’000

2,428

2,339

(89)

Number of shares

Weighted average number of ordinary shares for the purposes of basic 
and diluted loss per share

874,483,042

625,894,111

Loss per share

Loss per share from continuing activities

Earnings / (loss) per share from discontinued activities

(0.7c)

(0.8c)

0.1c

Due to the loss incurred in both years, there is no dilutive effect of share options.

12. INTANGIBLE ASSETS

COST 

1 June 2010

Additions

Exchange rate adjustment

1 June 2011

Additions

Exchange rate adjustment

31 May 2012

Goodwill
$’000

Concession
 agreement
$’000

-

-

-

-

697

-

697

-

250

21

271

-

(5)

266

(0.4c)

(0.4c)

(0.0c)

Total
$’000

-

250

21

271

697

(5)

963

The Group holds a Concession Agreement with the Port of Conakry (Guinea) for the construction and operation 
of an industrial and commercial terminal in the East Zone of the port.  An external feasibility study to explore the 
options to develop the concession has been prepared and the Group is seeking partners to exploit the concession.  
The concession fee will be amortised over the operational life of the project which has yet to be determined.

The addition in the year comprises the goodwill arising on the acquisition of Tropical Farms Limited (see note 22).

Agriterra Report and Financial Statements 2011–2012

57

NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
For the year ended 31 May 2012

13. PROPERTY, PLANT AND EQUIPMENT

Land and 
Buildings
$’000

Plant and
machinery
$’000

Motor
Vehicles
$’000

Aviation
$’000

Other
assets
$’000

4,957

946

5,178

1,293

-

(1,199)

1,255

7,158

10,107

-

818

18,083

269

-

-

-

269

2

-

-

271

897

6,169

1,290

-

596

8,055

1,897

509

(1,199)

294

1,501

951

-

203

2,655

3,657

316

(189)

478

4,262

1,661

(44)

311

6,190

2,286

585

(138)

311

3,044

790

(29)

205

4,010

449

-

(125)

35

359

359

-

(75)

643

-

100

(28)

-

72

85

-

(15)

142

Total
$’000

14,648

2,569

(1,513)

2,702

18,406

13,599

(44)

1,672

33,633

4,662

1,228

(1,365)

617

5,142

1,878

(29)

399

407

14

-

37

458

182

-

22

662

210

34

-

12

256

50

-

6

312

7,390

COST

1 June 2010

Additions

Disposals

Exchange rate adjustment

1 June 2011

Additions

Disposals

Exchange rate adjustment

31 May 2012

DEPRECIATION

1 July 2010

Charge for the year

Disposals

Exchange rate adjustment

1 June 2011

Charge for the year

Disposals

Exchange rate adjustment

31 May 2012

Net book value

31 May 2012

31 May 2011

17,812

6,889

5,400

4,668

2,180

1,218

501

287

350

202

26,243

13,264

A depreciation charge of $1,878,000 (2011: $1,228,000) has been included in the income statement within operating 
expenses for the current and comparative years.

58 Agriterra Report and Financial Statements 2011–2012

14. BIOLOGICAL ASSETS

At 1 June 2010

Purchase of biological assets

Sale of biological assets

Change in fair value

Foreign exchange

At 1 June 2011

Purchase of biological assets

Sale of biological assets

Change in fair value

Foreign exchange

At 31 May 2012

$’000

236

289

(34)

214

83

788

1,428

(5)

400

49

2,660

Biological assets comprise a breeding herd of cattle.  Certain livestock is held for slaughter and has been classified 
as a current asset.  The remainder is expected to be held for more than one year and has been classified as a non-
current asset, as follows:

Non-current asset

Current asset 

2012
Head

2,704

1,897

4,601

2011
Head

1,153

292

1,445

2012
$’000

1,642

1,018

2,660

The change in fair value has been excluded from cost of sales and gross margin in the income statement.

15. INVENTORIES

Consumables and spares

Raw materials 

Work in progress

Finished goods

2012
$’000

399

6,178

52

72

6,701

2011
$’000

631

157

788

2011
$’000

300

2,422

140

114

2,976

During the year inventories amounting to $8,783,000 (2011: $8,433,000) were included in cost of sales in the income 
statement. 

The  Group  has  an  overdraft  facility  of  $2m  secured  upon  its  grain  inventories  in  Mozambique.  The  balance 
outstanding on the facility at 31 May 2012 was $123,000 (2011: $nil) (see note 17).

Agriterra Report and Financial Statements 2011–2012

59

 
 
 
 
 
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
For the year ended 31 May 2012

16. INVESTMENT IN ASSOCIATE AND FINANCIAL ASSETS

31 May 2012

Non-current assets

Investment in associate

Current assets

Trade receivables

Other receivables 

Cash and cash equivalents

31 May 2011

Non-current assets

Investment in associate

Current assets

Trade receivables

Other receivables 

Cash and cash equivalents

Investment in 
associate
$’000

Loans and
receivables
$’000

Total
$’000

-

9

9

-

-

-

9

1,146

2,482

3,553

7,181

Associate
$’000

Loans and
receivables
$’000

-

-

-

-

-

-

814

1,225

8,172

10,211

1,146

2,482

3,553

7,190

Total
$’000

-

814

1,225

8,172

10,211

The Group’s associate comprises the 40% stake in African Management Services Limited, which provides accounting 
services.  The Group’s share of the profit of the associate for the period ended 31 May 2012 was $9,000 (2011: loss 
$20,000).  The share of the cumulative profit of the associate is $9,000 (2011: $nil).

Other receivables include amounts due from related parties (see note 20).

Cash balances include $108,000 (2011: $112,000) of restricted cash relating to cash held on deposit as security for 
certain bank guarantees.

The  directors  consider  that  the  carrying  amount  of  financial  assets  approximates  their  fair  value.  There  are  no 
significant amounts past due (2011: $nil).

60 Agriterra Report and Financial Statements 2011–2012

17. CURRENT LIABILITIES

Bank overdraft

Trade and other payables

Trade payables

Other payables

Corporation tax

Accrued liabilities

2012
$’000

123

209

831

56

1,142

2,361

2011
$’000

-

368

678

130

1,502

2,678

The Group has an overdraft facility of $2m secured upon its grain inventories in Mozambique.  The facility is repayable 
on demand and carries an interest rate at the Mozambique prime lending rate less 0.5%.  This is currently 22%.

Trade payables, other payables and accruals principally comprise amounts outstanding for trade purchases and 
ongoing costs. 

Other payables include amounts payable to related parties (see note 20).

The directors consider that the carrying amount of financial liabilities approximates their fair value.  The average 
credit period taken for trade purchases is 6 days (2011: 11 days).

Agriterra Report and Financial Statements 2011–2012

61

NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
For the year ended 31 May 2012

18. SHARE CAPITAL

Group and company

Ordinary shares of 0.1p each

At 1 June 2010

Issue of shares

At 31 May 2011

Issue of shares

At 31 May 2012

Deferred shares of 0.1p each

Authorised

             Allotted and fully paid

Number

Number

2,345,000,000

547,771,554

-

145,483,334

2,345,000,000

693,254,888

-

366,461,350

2,345,000,000

1,059,716,238

$’000

923

226

1,149

570

1,719

At 1 June 2010, 2011 and 31 May 2012

155,000,000

155,000,000

238

Total share capital

At 31 May 2012 

At 31 May 2011 

2,500,000,000

1,214,716,238

2,500,000,000

848,254,888

1,957

1,387

The Company has one class of ordinary share which carries no right to fixed income.

The	deferred	shares	carry	no	right	to	any	dividend;	no	right	to	receive	notice,	attend,	speak	or	vote	at	any	general	
meeting	of	the	Company;	and	on	a	return	of	capital	on	liquidation	or	otherwise,	the	holders	of	the	deferred	shares	
are entitled to receive the nominal amount paid up after the repayment of £1,000,000 per ordinary share.  In the 
event that disputes over certain oil and gas assets are satisfactorily resolved, the deferred shares may be converted 
into ordinary shares by resolution of the board.

On 16 November 2010 the Company issued 145,483,334 ordinary shares of 0.1p each for cash at 3p per share raising 
gross cash proceeds of $6.9m to provide funding for the continued development of the Company’s cattle ranching 
and feedlot production business in Mozambique.

On 2 December 2011 the Company issued 8,333,334 ordinary shares of 0.1p each at 3p per share in settlement of 
deferred consideration in respect of the acquisition of Tropical Farms Limited.

On 2 December 2011 the Company issued 37,800,000 ordinary shares of 0.1p each at 5p per share as consideration 
for  the  acquisition  of  Red  Bunch Ventures  Limited.   The  consideration  includes  deferred  consideration  which  is 
payable by the future issue of 37,800,000 ordinary shares of 0.1p each at a price of 5p per share (see note 22).

On 2 December 2011 the Company issued 320,328,016 ordinary shares of 0.1p each at 3p per share raising gross 
cash proceeds of $15m to provide funding for the continued development of its Mozambique beef business and 
its Cocoa business in Sierra Leone.

62 Agriterra Report and Financial Statements 2011–2012

Share Options:
At  31  May  2012,  the  following  options  over  ordinary  shares  of  0.1p  each  have  been  granted  to  directors  and 
employees and remain unexercised:

Date of grant

Number of shares

Exercise price

Exercise period

9 January 2009

13 July 2011

5,750,000

5,000,000

3p

3p

9 January 2010 to 9 January 2019

13 July 2012 to 13 July 2017

19. SHARE BASED PAYMENTS

Equity – settled share option plan

The  Group  unapproved  share  option  scheme  was  established  to  provide  equity  incentives  to  the  directors  of, 
employees of and consultants to the company. 

2012 
Options 
Number

Weighted 
average 
exercise price

Options at the beginning of the year

Granted

Options at the end of the year

5,750,000

5,000,000

10,750,000

Exercisable at year end

5,750,000

3p

3p

3p

3p

2011 
Options 
Number

5,750,000

-

5,750,000

5,750,000

Weighted 
average 
exercise price

3p

-

3p

3p

At 31 May 2012 the weighted average remaining contractual life of the options outstanding was 3.2 years (31 May 
2011: 2.5 years). 

The fair value of the options granted during the period was determined using the Black-Scholes option pricing 
model using the following assumptions:

– 

 Share price at the date of grant was the average mid market closing price for the three days immediately prior 
to grant.

–  The risk free rate is 1.96% based on the 5 year gilt yield at the date of grant.
– 

 The  annual  dividend  yield  is  expected  to  be  nil  based  on  management’s  immediate  intention  to  reinvest 
operating cash flows.
 The annual volatility of 66% is derived from the daily share prices of the Company over the year preceding the 
date of grant.

– 

–  The exercise period is 3.5 years, being 50% of the exercise period after the vesting date of one year.

Agriterra Report and Financial Statements 2011–2012

63

 
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
For the year ended 31 May 2012

19. SHARE BASED PAYMENTS (continued)

On 12 January 2010, options over 50 million shares with an exercise price of 5.5p were issued to Ely Place Nominees 
Limited to be held on trust to be issued at the discretion of the board to directors, employees or consultants to the 
company.  Following a board resolution dated 29 July 2012, the expiration date of these options has been extended 
to 11 January 2020.  During the year no options were allocated from this reserve.

On 1 December 2011, the following options were issued as part of the issue costs for the placing:

Date of grant

Number of shares

Exercise price

Exercise period

1 December 2011

10,000,000

2p

1 December 2011 to 1 December 2016

The  fair  value  of  the  options  granted  was  determined  using  the  Black-Scholes  option  pricing  model  using  the 
following assumptions:

–  Share price at the date of grant was the average mid market closing price for the three days immediately prior to 

grant, 2.63p.

–  The risk free rate is 1.02% based on the 5 year gilt yield at the date of grant.
–  The annual dividend yield is expected to be nil based on management’s immediate intention to reinvest operating 

cash flows.

–  The annual volatility of 46% is derived from the daily share prices of the Company over the year preceding the 

date of grant.

–  The exercise period is 2.5 years, being 50% of the exercise period.

The value of the options was $160,000.

64 Agriterra Report and Financial Statements 2011–2012

20. RELATED PARTY DISCLOSURES

1. 

 PH Edmonds and AS Groves, directors of the Company, are also directors of Sable Mining Africa Limited (“Sable”), 
Liberian Cocoa Corporation (“LCC”), African Potash Limited (“African Potash”) and African Management Services 
Limited (“AMS”).  PH Edmonds and AS Groves were also directors of African Medical Investments plc (“AMI”) 
during the year, but not at the end of the year.  Related party transactions are entered into on an arm’s length 
basis.  No provisions have been made in respect of amounts owed by or to related parties.

 During the year AMS provided accounting, treasury and administrative services to the Group for a management 
fee of $264,000 (2011: $378,000).  The Group also incurred certain expenditures on behalf of AMS.  As at 31 May 
2012 the Group owed $26,500 to AMS (2011: $613,000 due from AMS). This has been settled after the year end.

 During the year, the Group incurred certain expenses on behalf of VIP Healthcare Solutions Limited a 100% 
subsidiary of AMI.  As at 31 May 2012 the amount due to the Group was $11,000 (2011: due from AMI $5,000).  
This balance remains outstanding as at the date of these financial statements.

 During the year, the Group incurred certain expenses on behalf of LCC.  As at 31 May 2012 the Group was due 
$89,000 from LCC (2011: $16,000).  This balance remains outstanding as at the date of these financial statements.

 During the year the Group and Sable incurred certain expenses on each other’s behalf.  At 31 May 2012, the 
amount due from Sable was $14,000 (2011: $110,000).  This has been settled since the year end. 

 During the year the Group incurred certain expenses on behalf of African Potash Limited.  At 31 May 2012, the 
amount due from African Potash was $40,000.  This has been settled since the year end. 

 During the year services for fees of $nil (2011: $204,000) were provided by Ardan Risk and Support Services 
Limited,  a  company  controlled  by  MN  Pelham.    At  31  May  2012  the  amount  due  to  Ardan  was  $nil  (2011: 
$10,000). 

 During the year no fees (2011: $161,000) were paid to Ocelot Investment Group Limited, a company controlled 
by AS Groves.  The fees paid in the previous period were in relation to fundraising and were charged to the share 
premium reserve.

2. 

3. 

4.  Remuneration of key management personnel

 The remuneration of the directors, who are the key management personnel of the Group, is set out below in 
aggregate for each of the categories specified in IAS 24 ‘Related Party Disclosures’.  Further information about the 
remuneration of individual directors is provided in note 7.

Short-term employee benefits

Share options and other long term incentive plans

2012
$’000

408

50

458

2011
$’000

492

-

492

Agriterra Report and Financial Statements 2011–2012

65

 
 
 
 
 
 
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
For the year ended 31 May 2012

21. EVENTS AFTER THE REPORTING PERIOD

On 3 October 2012, the Company announced that it had entered into an agreement to sell its remaining interest in 
its oil and gas asset in Ethiopia to Marathon Ethiopia Limited BV (‘Marathon’).  Consideration of $40m is receivable 
on  completion  of  the  sale  and  $10m  upon  Marathon’s  participation  in  a  commercial  discovery.    Completion  is 
contingent upon the receipt of formal approval of the agreement from the Government of Ethiopia.  

22. ACQUISITION OF SUBSIDIARIES

On 13 July 2011, the Company (as to 0.1%) and its wholly owned subsidiary West Africa Cocoa Services Limited 
(as to 99.9%), acquired the entire issued share capital of Tropical Farms Limited.  The transaction was treated as a 
business combination.

On
acquisition
$’000

Fair value
adjustments
$’000

142

83

115

(239)

(298)

(197)

-

-

-

-

-

-

Property plant and equipment

Other current assets

Cash

Current liabilities

Debt

Net liabilities acquired

Goodwill arising on acquisition

Satisfied by :

Cash

Equity 

The consideration comprised cash $100,000 and the issue of 8,333,334 ordinary shares of 0.1p each.

Goodwill comprises:

Management team

Buying infrastructure

Total
$’000

142

83

115

(239)

(298)

(197)

697

500

100

400

500

$’000

150

547

697

TFL  had  established  a  high  quality,  sustainable  and  traceable  cocoa  buying  operation.   There  were  four  buying 
centers in operation and a direct buying register of approximately 2,000 cocoa farmers.

66 Agriterra Report and Financial Statements 2011–2012

 
 
 
In  addition  to  the  existing  infrastructure  and  sourcing  register,  TFL  has  an  experienced  management  team 
who will enable TFL to accelerate the development of additional community buying centers, solar drying and 
fermentation facilities.

On 1 December 2011 the Company announced that it acquired Shawford Investments Inc, the parent of Red Bunch 
Ventures (SL) Limited (“Red Bunch”).  Red Bunch holds a lease over  43,000 hectares of agricultural land suitable for 
palm oil production in Pujehun District in Sierra Leone.

The transaction was treated as an acquisition of assets.

Leasehold land 

Net assets acquired

Satisfied by : 

Issue of equity

Deferred consideration 

$’000

5,880

5,880

2,940

2,940

5,880

Initial  consideration  comprising  the  issue  of  37,800,000  ordinary  shares  of  0.1p  each  at  a  value  of  5p  each  was 
settled on 2 December 2011.

The deferred consideration comprising the issue of 37,800,000 ordinary shares of 0.1p each at a value of 5p each, 
becomes payable once 1,000 hectares of the leasehold land has been developed.

Agriterra Report and Financial Statements 2011–2012

67

COMPANY STATEMENT OF FINANCIAL POSITION
As at 31 May 2012

ASSETS

Non-current assets

Property, plant and equipment

Investment in subsidiaries

Total non-current assets

Current assets

Trade and other receivables

Cash and cash equivalents

Total current assets

TOTAL ASSETS 

LIABILITIES 

Current liabilities

Trade and other payables 

NET ASSETS

EQUITY

Issued capital

Share premium

Shares to be issued

Share based payment reserve

Translation reserve

Retained earnings

TOTAL EQUITY

Note

25

26

27

27

2012
$’000

4

41,547

41,551

1,760

2,434

4,194

2011
$’000

8

24,143

24,151

975

2,922

3,897

45,745

28,048

28

(1,428)

(1,354)

44,317

26,694

18

1,957

148,530

2,940

1,620

3,515

1,387

131,593

-

1,360

5,262

(114,245)

(112,908)

44,317

26,964

The notes on pages 71 to 77 form part of the financial statements.

The financial statements on pages 68 to 77 were approved and authorised for issue by the Board of Directors on 
12 November 2012 and were signed on its behalf.

PH Edmonds
Chairman

68 Agriterra Report and Financial Statements 2011–2012

STATEMENT OF CHANGES IN EQUITY

Ordinary 
share 
capital 
$’000

Deferred 
share 
capital 
$’000

Share 
premium 
$’000

Shares
 to be 
issued 
$’000

Share 
based 
payment 
reserve 
$’000

Translation
 reserve
$’000

Retained 
earnings 
$’000

Total 
$’000

Balances at 1 June 2010

923

238

125,184

Loss for the year

Other comprehensive 
income

Exchange translation 
differences on foreign 
operations 

Total comprehensive 
income for the year

Transactions with 
owners

Share issues

Issue costs

Total transactions with 
owners

-

-

-

226

-

226

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

6,570

(161)

6,409

Balances at 1 June 2011

1,149

238

131,593

Loss for the year

Other comprehensive 
income

Exchange translation 
differences on foreign 
operations

Total comprehensive 
income for the year

Transactions with owners

Share issues

Issue costs

Shares to be issued

Share based payment 
charge

Total transactions with 
owners

Balances at 31 May 2012

-

-

-

570

-

-

-

570

1,719

-

-

-

17,707

(770)

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

1,360

2,240

(112,679)

17,266

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

(229)

(229)

3,022

3,022

-

(229)

3,022

2,793

-

-

-

-

-

-

6,796

(161)

6,635

1,360

5,262

(112,908)

26,694

-

-

-

-

160

-

100

-

(1,337)

(1,337)

(1,747)

-

(1,747)

(1,747)

(1,337)

(3,084)

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

18,277

(610)

2,940

100

20,707

3,515

(114,245)

44,317

-

-

2,940

-

16,937

238

148,530

2,940

2,940

260

1,620

The notes on pages 71 to 77 form part of the financial statements.

Agriterra Report and Financial Statements 2011–2012

69

COMPANY CASH FLOW STATEMENT
For the year ended 31 May 2012

Operating activities

Loss before tax 

Adjustments for: 

– Depreciation of property, plant and equipment

– Loss on foreign exchange

– Share based payment charge

– Profit on disposal of investment

– Net interest income 

Operating cash flow before movements in working capital

Working capital adjustments:

– Increase in receivables

– Increase in payables

Cash used in operations

Interest received

Net cash (used in) / from continuing operating activities

Net cash from / (used in) discontinued activities

Net cash used in operating activities

Investing activities

Proceeds from sale of investment in financial assets

Net cash from investing activities

Financing activities

Proceeds from issue of share capital

Share issue costs

Loan to subsidiaries

Net cash from financing continuing activities

Year ended 
31 May 
2012
$’000

Year ended 
31 May 
2011
$’000

(2,058)

4

1

100

-

(22)

(1,975)

(841)

152

(2,664)

22

(2,642)

721

(1,921)

-

-

(112)

5

26

-

(4)

(785)

(870)

(351)

556

(665)

785

120

(155)

(35)

128

128

15,000

(600)

(12,782)

1,618

6,883

(161)

(4,364)

2,358

Net (decrease) / increase in cash and cash equivalents

(303)

2,451

Cash and cash equivalents at start of the year

Exchange rate adjustment

2,922

(185)

309

162

Cash and cash equivalents at end of the year

2,434

2,922

The notes on pages 71 to 77 form part of the financial statements.

70 Agriterra Report and Financial Statements 2011–2012

NOTES TO THE COMPANY FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
For the year ended 31 May 2012

23. COMPANY ACCOUNTING POLICIES

The  financial  statements  have  been  prepared  in  accordance  with  International  Financial  Reporting  Standards 
(“IFRS”) as adopted by the European Union.  

The information relating to financial risk factors and critical accounting estimates and judgements are as described 
for the Group in note 3 above.

Basis of accounting
The financial statements have been prepared on the historical cost basis except for financial instruments measured 
at fair value.  The accounting policies of the Company where applicable are consistent with those of the Group as 
described in note 2 unless otherwise noted below.  They have been applied consistently throughout the year and 
the preceding year.

Investment in subsidiaries
Investments in subsidiaries are stated at cost less where appropriate any provision for impairment.

24. LOSS FOR THE YEAR

The company has elected not to present its own income statement.  The Company reported a loss for the year of 
$1,332,000 (2011: loss $229,000).

The auditor’s remuneration for audit and other services is disclosed in note 6 to the financial statements.

Agriterra Report and Financial Statements 2011–2012

71

NOTES TO THE COMPANY FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
For the year ended 31 May 2012

25. PROPERTY, PLANT AND EQUIPMENT

Cost

1 June 2010

Additions

Disposals

Exchange rate adjustment

1 June 2011

Additions

Disposals

Exchange rate adjustment

31 May 2012

Depreciation

1 July 2010

Charge for the year

Disposals

Exchange rate adjustment

1 June 2011

Charge for the year

Disposals

Exchange rate adjustment

31 May 2012

Net book value

31 May 2012

31 May 2011

Motor
vehicles
$’000

1,665

-

-

-

1,665

-

(1,665)

-

-

1,665

-

-

-

1,665

-

(1,665)

-

-

-

-

Plant and
machinery
$’000

Other
assets
$’000

1,566

-

(1,199)

-

367

-

(367)

-

-

1,566

-

(1,199)

-

367

-

(367)

-

-

-

-

463

-

(276)

2

189

-

(174)

-

15

452

5

(276)

-

181

4

(174)

-

11

4

8

Total
$’000

3,694

-

(1,475)

2

2,221

-

(2,206)

-

15

3,683

5

(1,475)

-

2,213

4

(2,206)

-

11

4

8

72 Agriterra Report and Financial Statements 2011–2012

26. INVESTMENT IN SUBSIDIARIES

Cost

31 May 2010

Additions

Exchange rate adjustment

1 June 2011

Additions

Exchange rate adjustment

31 May 2012

Impairment 

31 May 2010, 2011 and 2012

Net book value

31 May 2012

31 May 2011

Investment
$’000

3,801

-

-

3,801

5,900

(21)

9,680

Loans
$’000

28,659

4,364

2,697

35,720

13,184

(1,659)

47,245

Total
$’000

32,460

4,364

2,697

39,521

19,084

(1,680)

56,925

3,801

11,577

15,378

5,879

-

35,668

24,143

41,547

24,143

Loans to subsidiaries fall due after more than one year.  The impairment in loans to subsidiary companies in prior 
years relates to reductions in the value of the underlying business as a result of movements in exchange rates.

As at 31 May 2012, the Company held equity in the following principal undertakings:

Direct investments:

Subsidiary undertakings

Agriterra (Mozambique) Limited

P A Energy Africa Limited

Agriterra Aviation (Pty) Limited

Agriterra East Africa Limited

Dodgemart Investments Limited

Agriterra Guinea SA

West Africa Cocoa Services Limited

Shawford Investments Inc

Proportion held

Country of 
incorporation

Nature of business

100%

Guernsey

Holding Company

100% British Virgin Islands

Inactive

100%

100%

100%

100%

South Africa

Aviation services

Mauritius

Zimbabwe

Trading

Agriculture

Guinea

Infrastructure

100% British Virgin Islands

Holding Company

100% British Virgin Islands

Holding Company

Agriterra Report and Financial Statements 2011–2012

73

NOTES TO THE COMPANY FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
For the year ended 31 May 2012

26. INVESTMENT IN SUBSIDIARIES (continued)

Indirect investments of Agriterra Mozambique Limited:

Subsidiary undertakings

Proportion held

Desenvolvimento E Comercialização  
Agricola Limitada

Compagri Limitada

Mozbife Limitada

Carnes de Manica Limitada

Agriterra Aviação Limitada

100%

100%

100%

100%

100%

Indirect investments of West Africa Cocoa Services Limited:

Country of 
incorporation

Mozambique

Mozambique

Mozambique

Mozambique

Nature of business

Grain

Grain

Beef

Beef

Mozambique

Aviation services

Subsidiary undertakings

Tropical Farms Limited

Proportion held

Country of 
incorporation

Nature of business

100%

Sierra Leone

Cocoa & Coffee

Indirect investments of Shawford Investments Inc.:

Subsidiary undertakings

Red Bunch Ventures (SL) Limited

Proportion held

100%

Country of 
incorporation

Sierra Leone

Nature of business

Palm Oil

As  set  out  in  note  4,  the  directors  have  decided  to  suspend  further  expenditure  on  all  oil  and  gas  exploration 
and evaluation projects.  The company considers its investment in and its loan to PA Energy Africa Limited to be 
impaired and full provision has been made in prior periods.

74 Agriterra Report and Financial Statements 2011–2012

27. FINANCIAL ASSETS

31 May 2012

Non-current assets

Financial asset investments

Current assets

Trade receivables

Other receivables 

Cash and cash equivalents

Total financial assets at 31 May 2012

31 May 2011

Non-current assets

Financial asset investments

Current assets

Trade receivables

Other receivables 

Cash and cash equivalents

Total financial assets at 31 May 2011

Loans and
receivables
$’000

Total
$’000

-

-

209

1,551

2,434

4,194

Loans and
receivables
$’000

209

1,551

2,434

4,194

Total
$’000

-

-

209

766

2,922

3,897

209

766

2,922

3,897

The Company holds a 40% stake in African Management Services Limited (see note 16).

Other receivables include amounts due from related parties (see note 29).

Cash balances include $108,000 (2011: $112,000) of restricted cash relating to cash held on deposit as security for 
certain bank guarantees.

The  directors  consider  that  the  carrying  amount  of  financial  assets  approximates  their  fair  value.   There  are  no 
significant amounts past due (2011: $nil).

Agriterra Report and Financial Statements 2011–2012

75

NOTES TO THE COMPANY FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
For the year ended 31 May 2012

28. FINANCIAL LIABILITIES

Trade and other payables

Trade payables

Other payables

Accruals and deferred income

2012
$’000

200

613

615

1,428

2011
$’000

229

606

519

1,354

Trade payables, other payables and accruals principally comprise amounts outstanding for trade purchases and 
ongoing costs.  

Other payables include amounts payable to related parties (see note 29).

The directors consider that the carrying amount of financial liabilities approximates their fair value. 

76 Agriterra Report and Financial Statements 2011–2012

29. Related party disclosures

The transactions of the Company with related parties other than with subsidiary companies are disclosed in note 20.

Related party transactions are entered into on an arm’s length basis.  No provisions have been made in respect of amounts 
owed by or to related parties except where disclosed.

Subsidiary companies are financed by means of parent company loans which bare a market rate of interest.  

During the year the Company provided funding to Agriterra Mozambique Limited.  At 31 May 2012 the balance due to 
the Company was $1,463,000 (2011: $1,564,000).

At 31 May 2012, the Company had an outstanding loan to P A Energy Africa Limited amounting to £205,000.  This loan 
has been fully provided for in prior years.

During the year, the Company provided funding to Agriterra Aviation (Pty) Limited.  As at 31 May 2012 the balance due to 
the Company was $763,000 (2011: $514,000).

During the year the Company and Agriterra East Africa Limited incurred various expenditure on each other’s behalf.  At 31 
May 2012 the balance outstanding due from the Company was $221,000 (2011: due from the Company $67,000).

During  the  year  the  Company  provided  funding  to  Dodgemart  Investments  Limited.    At  31  May  2012  the  balance 
outstanding was $135,000 (2011: $152,000).

During the year the Company provided funding to Agriterra Guinea SA.  At 31 May 2012 the balance outstanding was 
$377,000 (2011: $335,000).

During the year the Company provided funding to Desenvolvimento E Comercialização Agricola Limitada (‘DECA’).  At 31 
May 2012 the balance outstanding was $12,534,000 (2011: $13,184,000).

During  the  year  the  Company  provided  funding  to  Compagri  Limitada  (‘Compagri’).    At  31  May  2012  the  balance 
outstanding was $14,175,000 (2011: $14,785,000).

During the year the Company provided funding to Mozbife Limitada (‘Mozbife’).  At 31 May 2012 the balance outstanding 
was $16,002,000 (2011: $7,048,000).

During the year the Company provided funding to Carnes de Manica Limitada.  At 31 May 2012 the balance outstanding 
was $1,000 (2011: $1,000).

During the year the Company provided funding to Agriterra Aviação Limitada.  At 31 May 2012 the balance outstanding 
was $1,000 (2011: $1,000).

During the year the Company provided funding to West Africa Cocoa Services Limited. At 31 May 2012, the balance 
outstanding was $688,000 (2011: $nil).

During the year the Company provided funding to Tropical farms (SL) Limited. At 31 May 2012, the balance outstanding 
was $2,253,000 (2011: $nil).

At 31 May 2011 and 2010, the Company has made a general provision against the loans to DECA, Compagri and 
Mozbife in respect of the depreciation of the Mozambican Meticais amounting to $10,000,000. 

Agriterra Report and Financial Statements 2011–2012

77

Notes

78 Agriterra Report and Financial Statements 2011–2012

Notes

Agriterra Report and Financial Statements 2011–2012

79

Production by: Ker Management Limited

Cover printed on Essential Silk 350gsm

Text printed on Essential Velvet 170gsm

ISO 14001/9001 Accredited Mill

ECF Elemental Chlorine Free

80 Agriterra Report and Financial Statements 2011–2012

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Agriterra Report and Financial Statements 2011 – 2012