Alexander & Baldwin
Annual Report 2019

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2019 Annual Report + Form 10-K 22FEB201923125588 Dear Fellow Shareholders, 22FEB201923125588 On January 1, 2020, Alexander & Baldwin marked the 150th anniversary of the original partnership between Samuel Alexander and Henry Baldwin. They came together on the island of Maui as partners to grow sugar, but their business evolved during their lifetimes and has continued to evolve since, helping A&B become one of those very rare companies that has thrived for a century and a half. Our latest evolution as a Hawai‘i-focused commercial real estate company continues to build on this long history of success. We made tremendous strides in 2019 in our commercial real estate (CRE) business, increasing cash net operating income (Cash NOI) by 20.9% and achieving sector-leading Same-Store Cash NOI growth of 5.2%. This strong performance—and the many ways in which we continue to create value in Hawai‘i commercial real estate—strongly validate the strategic focus we’ve chosen. Although our materials and construction segment encountered significant challenges in 2019, I am encouraged by early signs of recovery thanks to disciplined administrative and operational changes made at Grace Pacific over the latter half of 2019. We understand the imperative to increase our focus on CRE by divesting of non-core businesses and are committed to continuing that process. Over just the past two years we have sold more than 40,000 acres of non-core agricultural land, keeping them in the hands of an agricultural operator, and closed out six residential development projects, making CRE nearly 75% of our asset base. Our latest evolution as a company—begun in 2012 when we made the strategic decision to focus all our real estate activity in Hawai‘i—is approaching completion but still has a few important remaining steps. Having refreshed our strategic plan in 2019, we retain absolute conviction that our Hawai‘i CRE focus is the right operating model and believe we are close to its realization. The further simplification that will come from monetizing our remaining non-core assets and businesses will provide greater clarity and market appreciation. Our strategy has four basic pillars, and I will address each in the balance of this letter: • Increase Cash NOI from Hawai‘i commercial real estate portfolio • Monetize non-CRE assets, thereby simplifying A&B’s story and strengthening its balance sheet • Streamline A&B’s business practices and organization to reflect a CRE-focused business model • Enhance A&B’s already strong environmental, social and governance practices Strategic Execution Increase Cash NOI We dramatically increased Cash NOI from our Hawai‘i portfolio in 2019. Our CRE Cash NOI increased by 20.9% year-over-year, to $104.2 million, eclipsing the important $100 million threshold for the first time. This growth came largely from nearly $260 million of acquisitions completed in late 2018 and early 2019, funded using tax-efficient capital generated from the sale of non-income-producing land. But that was not the only source of NOI growth, as effective leasing and strategic redevelopments helped drive Same-Store Cash NOI growth of 5.2%. Our CRE portfolio grew in important ways in 2019, including the ground-up 1 development of Ho‘okele Shopping Center, the full tenanting of the completely redeveloped Lau Hala Shops, and a 150-basis point increase in total occupancy thanks to effective leasing activity. We ended the year with a portfolio that consists of 3.9 million square feet of operating commercial real estate and 154 acres of ground leases. Monetize Non-CRE Assets We continued to monetize non-CRE assets. We generated about $90 million in proceeds from land sales, development-for-sale project sales and joint venture distributions during the year. We utilized these proceeds to further improve our balance sheet and simplify our business model. Our intended monetization of materials and construction businesses remains a work in progress, but we are actively positioning these and other non-core assets for disposition. Streamline A&B While we have not yet completed the business-model simplification that will enable dramatic streamlining of our processes, we continue to work to right size our general and administrative expenses (G&A). We are enhancing systems and business practices, reducing consulting fees and incrementally paring G&A along the way. Over time, as we continue to grow our CRE portfolio and shrink other business segments, we expect to shed additional legacy costs and find additional efficiencies. Enhance ESG The occasion of our 150th anniversary is a great opportunity to highlight the degree to which ESG— shorthand for favorable practices related to Environmental, Social and Governance matters—has always been part of our DNA. Whether it is our longstanding commitment to charitable and other community- based organizations or our 115 years of leadership in renewable energy generation, A&B has long been committed to the principles now taking root in the ESG movement. Our overarching effort is to be good corporate citizens as ‘‘Partners for Hawai‘i’’—and this informs all of the actions we take on a daily basis. In 2019, we increased our ESG communications, highlighting our accomplishments on each dimension, and continued our active engagement with shareholders, local sustainability-focused groups, our tenants and, most importantly, our employees. We have embraced the Sustainability Accounting Standards Board’s materiality-based model to assist us in identifying key goals to pursue and measure, and we are in the process of setting those goals. A&B today is providing employees with more ways than ever to engage in their workplace—including employee-led Pride, sustainability and women’s initiatives—and their community. As part of our 150th commemoration we have provided each employee with a day off for community service and the opportunity to make a $150 contribution to a non-profit of their choice. We partnered with the State of Hawai‘i and a local non-profit to plant trees at the Hamakua Marsh on Martin Luther King Day with our employees and their families, a fitting tribute to the original plantings made by our founders 150 years ago. And we are committing more resources to reducing our environmental footprint and constructively engaging with the communities in which we do business. Looking Ahead to 2020 and Beyond As pleased as I am with the success of our growing CRE platform, I am fully aware that completing our strategic transformation is critical. To that end, we will continue to monetize non-CRE assets. We will be focused but patient in this process so as to achieve optimal value while steadily advancing our strategy. We continue to believe that a measured approach will yield the best long-term value for our shareholders. I am confident we will make material progress in 2020 just as we have in past years. More broadly, we understand that challenges, both internal and external, always will exist, and these challenges may distract attention from the continued strong performance of our core business. We cannot 2 control all these factors and must, instead, remain focused on doing what we can do to create value, confident that we will eventually realize that value. We are on the right path and I believe it will lead—in the relatively near term—to the successes we anticipate. Our assets continue to perform well and our pipeline of redevelopments is healthy. Further simplification will strengthen both our story and our balance sheet while we continue to do the right things for our environment, employees, communities and shareholders. As we take on these challenges, we are committed to doing so openly, with input from the communities in which we operate, as we look ahead to another 150 years of success. Acknowledgements I would like to thank each of A&B’s dedicated employees, who work every day to advance our strategy and extend the legacy of our Company. I would also like to thank our devoted Board of Directors for its support and guidance. In particular, I want to acknowledge and express my deep appreciation to Allen Doane and Stan Kuriyama. Allen is retiring from our Board effective at our 2020 annual meeting and Stan has stated his intent to retire within the next year. Over their 29 and 28 years of service to A&B, respectively, each has served as both Chief Executive Officer and Chairman, providing tremendous leadership. No two individuals are more responsible for building the real estate foundation on which A&B now rests and will thrive going forward. Each also has been a mentor to me and I am forever grateful to them for their guidance and counsel. Finally, I thank you, our shareholders, for your continued support of our Company. 21FEB201912165519 CHRISTOPHER J. BENJAMIN President and Chief Executive Officer 3 Douglas M. Pasquale (65) 1, 3 Founder and Chief Executive Officer Capstone Enterprises Corporation Chairman and Chief Executive Officer Nationwide Health Properties, Inc. (Retired) Michele K. Saito (60) 2, 3 President DTRIC Insurance Company Eric K. Yeaman (52) 1 Founder and Managing Partner Hoku Capital LLC CORPORATE INFORMATION Board of Directors Christopher J. Benjamin (56) President and Chief Executive Officer Alexander & Baldwin, Inc. Stanley M. Kuriyama (66) Chairman and Retired Chief Executive Officer Alexander & Baldwin, Inc. Diana M. Laing (65) Chief Financial Officer American Homes 4 Rent (Retired) Thomas A. Lewis, Jr. (67) 2 Chief Executive Officer Realty Income Corporation (Retired) W. Allen Doane (72) 1 Chairman and Chief Executive Officer Alexander & Baldwin, Inc. (Retired) Robert S. Harrison (59) 2, 3 Chairman, President and Chief Executive Officer First Hawaiian, Inc. 1 Audit Douglas M. Pasquale, Chairperson 2 Compensation Michele K. Saito, Chairperson 3 Nominating and Corporate Governance Robert S. Harrison, Chairperson Titles and ages as of March 1, 2020 Executive Management Christopher J. Benjamin (56) President and Chief Executive Officer Brett A. Brown (55) Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer Titles and ages as of March 1, 2020 Meredith J. Ching (63) Executive Vice President External Affairs Nelson N.S. Chun (67) Executive Vice President and Chief Legal Officer Lance K. Parker (46) Executive Vice President and Chief Real Estate Officer Jerrod M. Schreck (46) President Grace Pacific, LLC 4 CORPORATE INFORMATION Investor Information Alexander & Baldwin, Inc. was founded in 1870. A&B’s corporate headquarters are located in Honolulu, Hawai‘i. Its common stock is traded on the New York Stock Exchange under the symbol ALEX. Shareholders with questions about A&B are encouraged to write to Alyson J. Nakamura, Vice President and Corporate Secretary. Shareholders who wish to communicate with any or all members of the Board of Directors may send correspondence to A&B’s headquarters, c/o A&B Law Department, 822 Bishop Street, Honolulu, HI 96813. Inquiries from professional investors may be directed to: Brett A. Brown Executive Vice President & Chief Financial Officer Phone: (808) 525-8475 E-mail: investorrelations@abhi.com Corporate news releases, the annual report and other information about the Company are available at A&B’s website: www.alexanderbaldwin.com Transfer Agent & Registrar Computershare Shareowner Services For questions regarding stock certificates or other transfer-related matters, representatives of the Transfer Agent may be reached at 1-866-442-6551 between 9 a.m. and 7 p.m., Eastern Time, or via: www.computershare.com/investor or www-us.computershare.com/investor/contact Correspondence may be sent to: Computershare P.O. BOX 505000 Louisville, KY 40233-5000 Auditors Overnight Correspondence: Computershare 462 South 4th Street, Suite 1600 Louisville, KY 40202 Deloitte & Touche LLP Honolulu, Hawai‘i 5 USE OF NON-GAAP FINANCIAL MEASURES The Company uses non-GAAP measures when evaluating operating performance because management believes that they provide additional insight into the Company’s and segments’ core operating results, and/or the underlying business trends affecting performance on a consistent and comparable basis from period to period. These measures generally are provided to investors as an additional means of evaluating the performance of ongoing core operations. The non-GAAP financial information presented herein should be considered supplemental to, and not as a substitute for or superior to, financial measures calculated in accordance with GAAP. The Company’s methods of calculating non-GAAP measures may differ from methods employed by other companies and thus may not be comparable to such other companies. Cash Net Operating Income (‘‘Cash NOI’’) is a non-GAAP measure used by the Company in evaluating the unlevered performance of the Company’s Commercial Real Estate portfolio. The Company believes Cash NOI provides useful information to investors regarding the Company’s financial condition and results of operations because it reflects only those cash income and expense items that are incurred at the property level, and when compared across periods, can be used to determine trends in earnings of the Company’s properties as this measure is not affected by non-cash revenue and expense recognition items, the impact of depreciation and amortization expenses or other gains or losses that relate to the Company’s ownership of properties. The Company believes the exclusion of these items from operating profit (loss) is useful because the resulting measure captures the actual cash-based revenue generated and actual expenses incurred in operating the Company’s Commercial Real Estate portfolio as well as trends in occupancy rates, rental rates, and operating costs. Cash NOI should not be viewed as a substitute for, or superior to, financial measures calculated in accordance with GAAP. Cash NOI represents total Commercial Real Estate cash-based operating revenues less direct property- related operating expenses. The calculation of Cash NOI excludes the impact of depreciation and amortization (including amortization of maintenance capital, tenant leasing commissions); straight-line lease adjustments (including amortization of lease incentives); amortization of favorable/unfavorable lease assets/liabilities; lease termination income; other income and expense, net; selling, general, administrative and other expenses; and impairment of commercial real estate assets. improvements and The Company reports Cash NOI and Occupancy on a same-store basis (‘‘Same-Store’’), which includes the results of properties that were owned and operated for the entirety of the current and prior calendar year. The Same-Store pool excludes properties under development or redevelopment and also excludes properties acquired or sold during either of the comparable reporting periods. While there is management judgment involved in classifications, new developments and redevelopments are moved into the Same-Store pool after one full calendar year of stabilized operation. New developments and redevelopments are generally considered stabilized upon the initial attainment of 90% occupancy. Properties included in held for sale are excluded from Same-Store. The Company believes that reporting on a Same-Store basis provides investors with additional information regarding the operating performance of comparable assets versus from other factors (such as the effect of developments, redevelopments, acquisitions or dispositions). The Company’s methods of calculating non-GAAP measures may differ from methods employed by other companies and thus may not be comparable to such other companies. 6 A reconciliation of CRE operating profit to CRE Cash NOI and Same-Store Cash NOI is as follows: (in millions, unaudited) Commercial Real Estate Operating Profit (Loss) Plus: Depreciation and amortization Less: Straight-line lease adjustments Less: Favorable/(unfavorable) lease amortization Less: Termination income Plus: Other (income)/expense, net Plus: Selling, general, administrative and other expenses Less: Legal costs previously capitalized(1) Year Ended December 31, 2019 2018 Change $ 66.2 $ 58.5 36.7 28.0 (5.1) (1.6) (0.1) (2.0) 10.1 — (4.0) (1.9) (1.1) 0.3 6.9 (0.5) Commercial Real Estate Cash NOI as adjusted 104.2 86.2 20.9% Less Cash NOI from acquisitions, dispositions, and other adjustments (25.7) (11.6) Commercial Real Estate Same-Store Cash NOI as adjusted $ 78.5 $ 74.6 5.2% (1) Represents legal costs related to leasing activity that were previously capitalized when incurred and recognized as amortization expense over the term of the lease contract. Upon the Company’s adoption of ASC 842, Leases, on January 1, 2019, such legal costs are directly expensed as operating costs and are included in Cash NOI. For comparability purposes, Cash NOI for the 2018 periods presented has been adjusted to include legal fees in conformity with Cash NOI for the 2019 periods presented. 7 FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS Statements in this Annual Report that are not historical facts are forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 that involve a number of risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ materially from those contemplated by the relevant forward-looking statements. These forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to, statements regarding possible or assumed future results of operations, business strategies, growth opportunities and competitive positions. Such forward-looking statements speak only as of the date the statements were made and are not guarantees of future performance. Forward-looking statements are subject to a number of risks, uncertainties, assumptions and other factors that could cause actual results and the timing of certain events to differ materially from those expressed in or implied by the forward-looking statements. These factors include, but are not limited to, those discussed in the Company’s most recent Form 10-K, Form 10-Q and other filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission. The information in this Annual Report should be evaluated in light of these important risk factors. We do not undertake any obligation to update the Company’s forward-looking statements. The risk factors discussed in ‘‘Risk Factors’’ could cause our results to differ materially from those expressed in forward-looking statements. There may be other risks and uncertainties that we are unable to predict at this time or that we currently do not expect to have a material adverse effect on our financial position, results of operations or cash flows. Any such risks could cause our results to differ materially from those expressed in forward-looking statements. 8 UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION Washington, D.C. 20549 FORM 10-K ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2019 OR TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 For the transition period from [_______ to _______] Commission file number 001-35492 Alexander & Baldwin, Inc. (Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter) 22FEB201923125588 Hawaii (State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) 45-4849780 (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.) 822 Bishop Street Post Office Box 3440, Honolulu, Hawaii 96801 (Address of principal executive offices and zip code) 808-525-6611 (Registrant’s telephone number, including area code) Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act: Title of each class Common Stock, without par value Trading Symbol(s) ALEX Name of each exchange on which registered New York Stock Exchange Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: None Number of shares of Common Stock outstanding at February 14, 2020: 72,306,508 Aggregate market value of Common Stock held by non-affiliates at June 30, 2019: $1,668,784,587 Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yes No Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act. Yes No Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes No Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes No Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company or an emerging growth company. See definition of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company” and "emerging growth company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. Large accelerated filer Non-accelerated filer Accelerated filer Smaller reporting company Emerging growth company If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes No Documents Incorporated By Reference Portions of Registrant’s Proxy Statement for the 2020 Annual Meeting of Shareholders (Part III of Form 10-K) TABLE OF CONTENTS PART I Items 1 & 2. Business and Properties by Business Segments A. B. Commercial Real Estate Land Operations (1) (2) (3) Landholdings Active Development-for-sale Projects Renewable Energy C. Materials & Construction Employees and Labor Relations Available Information Item 1A. Risk Factors Item 1B. Unresolved Staff Comments Item 3. Legal Proceedings Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures PART II Item 5. Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities Item 6. Selected Financial Data Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations Items 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data Page 1 4 8 8 9 9 9 10 10 26 26 26 27 29 31 44 45 Item 9. Changes in and Disagreements With Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure Item 9A. Controls and Procedures A. B. C. Disclosure Controls and Procedures Internal Control over Financial Reporting Management's Annual Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting PART III Item 10. Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance A. B. C. D. Directors Executive Officers Corporate Governance Code of Ethics Item 11. Executive Compensation Item 12. Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters Item 13. Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence Item 14. Principal Accounting Fees and Services PART IV Item 15. Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules A. B. C. Financial Statements Financial Statement Schedules Exhibits Required by Item 601 of Regulation S-K Item 16. Form 10-K Summary Signatures Page 93 93 93 93 93 96 96 96 97 97 97 97 97 97 98 98 99 102 107 108 ALEXANDER & BALDWIN, INC. FORM 10-K Annual Report for the Fiscal Year Ended December 31, 2019 PART I ITEM 1. BUSINESS Business and Strategy Alexander & Baldwin, Inc. ("A&B" or the "Company") is a fully integrated real estate investment trust ("REIT") whose history in Hawai‘i dates back to 1870. Over time, the Company has evolved from a 571-acre sugar plantation on Maui to become what management believes is one of Hawai‘i's premier real estate companies and the owner of the largest grocery-anchored, neighborhood shopping center portfolio in the state. After a long period as a holding company of operationally and geographically diverse business interests and assets, the Company established a strategic intent to become a Hawai‘i-focused commercial real estate company, through which the Company would be able to create value for both shareholders and the community using its extensive local market knowledge and real estate expertise. To execute this strategy, the Company has endeavored to expand and strengthen its Hawai‘i commercial real estate platform and simplify its business, primarily through monetizing non-core assets. The Company has made significant progress in executing its strategy, including, most recently, completing the migration of its mainland commercial real estate portfolio to Hawai‘i ("Migration"), completing the sale of approximately 41,000 acres of non- income-producing agricultural lands on Maui and redeploying proceeds from that sale into six commercial real estate assets on a tax-deferred basis. As of December 31, 2019, the Company's commercial real estate portfolio consists of 22 retail centers, ten industrial assets and four office properties, representing a total of 3.9 million square feet of gross leasable area ("GLA"), as well as ground leases comprising 153.8 acres in Hawai‘i. In total (inclusive of its commercial real estate portfolio), the Company owns over 29,000 acres of land in Hawai‘i, primarily conservation- and agriculture-zoned, but also urban-zoned land. The Company operates three segments: Commercial Real Estate; Land Operations; and Materials & Construction. A description of each of the Company's reporting segments is as follows: • Commercial Real Estate ("CRE") functions as a vertically integrated real estate investment company with core competencies in investments and acquisitions (i.e., raising capital, identifying opportunities and acquiring properties); construction and development (i.e., designing and ground-up development of new properties or repositioning and redevelopment of existing properties); in-house leasing and property management (i.e., executing new and renegotiating renewal lease arrangements, managing its properties' day-to-day operations and maintaining positive tenant relationships); and asset management (i.e., maintaining, upgrading and enhancing its portfolio of high-quality improved properties). The segment's preferred asset classes include improved properties in retail and industrial spaces and also urban ground leases. Its focus within improved retail properties, in particular, is on grocery-anchored neighborhood shopping centers that meet the daily needs of Hawai‘i citizens. Through its core competencies and with its experience and relationships in Hawai‘i, the Company seeks to create special places and experiences for Hawai‘i residents as well as providing venues and opportunities for tenants to thrive. Income from this segment is principally generated by owning, operating and leasing real estate assets. • Land Operations involves the management and optimization of the Company's historical landholdings primarily through the following activities: planning and entitlement of real property to facilitate sales; selling undeveloped land; and other operationally-diverse legacy business activities to employ its landholdings at their highest and best use. Financial results from this segment are principally derived from real estate development sales, land parcel sales, income/loss from real estate joint ventures and other legacy business activities. • Materials & Construction ("M&C") operates as Hawai‘i's largest asphalt paving contractor and is one of the state's largest natural materials and infrastructure construction companies. Such activities are primarily conducted through its wholly-owned subsidiary, Grace Pacific LLC ("Grace Pacific"), a materials and construction company in Hawai‘i. Of the Company's total consolidated assets as of December 31, 2019, 73.5% are within the CRE segment, 13.6% are within Land Operations and 11.7% are within Materials & Construction, with the remainder unallocated and used for corporate purposes. Additional information about the Company's business segments is provided in "Management's Discussion and Analysis 1 of Financial Condition and Results of Operations" and the "Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements," which are included in Item 8 of Part II of this Form 10-K. The Company's strategy is principally focused on: • Increasing recurring income streams by leveraging several sources of Commercial Real Estate portfolio growth including: Effective leasing and property management, Repositioning and redevelopment of existing assets, Ground-up development of new assets, Acquisitions of new assets using tax-deferred exchange funds from land/property sales and/or Acquisitions of new assets using the Company's balance sheet. • Executing on its simplification strategy which includes: Monetizing development-for-sale pipeline and related investments, Monetizing the Company's other landholdings and Exploring the potential monetization of non-core operating businesses in both the Land Operations and Materials & Construction segments. • Continuing to practice disciplined and prudent financial management and capital allocation to maintain balance sheet strength and financial flexibility. Key strategic activities and initiatives by segment are discussed below. Commercial Real Estate Strategy The Company's commercial real estate strategy focuses on Hawai‘i, where it benefits from its broad experience base, deep relationships and strong reputation in the islands. These attributes, and a geographic focus in Hawai‘i, uniquely position the Company to create value through the acquisition, development, redevelopment and management of commercial real estate in the state. The Company believes the Hawai‘i market is positioned for stability and growth, given the state’s positive economic performance and comparatively favorable macroeconomic indicators (e.g., median household incomes, personal income growth rates, low unemployment rates, etc.) and lack of commercially-entitled lands (i.e., comparatively low square footage of strip retail gross leasable area per capita on Oahu). Based on these factors, the Hawai‘i retail market compares favorably with other top-tier retail markets in the U.S. Similarly, given the severe shortage of industrial land supply in Hawai‘i, industrial market rents and per square foot values exceed those achieved in other U.S. markets, making Hawai‘i a high-performing industrial market, despite its geographic isolation. In addition to strong resident demographics and market fundamentals, the Hawai‘i commercial real estate market is supported by a growing and resilient tourism industry, as well as consistently high levels of government spending due to Hawai‘i's strategic defense location between the continental U.S. and Asia. Therefore, as a result of the Migration in 2018, not only have the Company's assets been concentrated where management is best able to enhance portfolio performance, but the overall asset quality of the Company's portfolio has significantly improved. To further enhance asset quality and increase the recurring income stream from its commercial portfolio, the Company intends to: • Increase income and optimize returns on its commercial portfolio by: Being the landlord of choice by providing desirable locations, quality properties, landlord services and community amenities, Leveraging internal property management and leasing to efficiently manage operations and maximize cash returns, Executing effective marketing and leasing strategies that attract quality tenants in the marketplace and new tenants to Hawai‘i by leveraging its position as the largest owner of grocery/drug anchored shopping centers in Hawai‘i, 2 Investing in the repositioning and redevelopment of existing assets at an appropriate risk-adjusted return on capital, Developing new commercial properties at an appropriate risk adjusted return on capital and Selectively acquiring commercial real estate assets in Hawai‘i markets at returns that exceed the Company’s risk-adjusted cost of capital. • Evaluate other commercial property investment opportunities, such as leased fee assets or other commercial real estate types, when the acquisitions are strategically consistent with the value creation objectives of the Company. Land Operations Strategy The Company strives to maximize value from its historical landholdings as it seeks to transition to a commercial real estate-focused company. For its landholdings designated for current or future urban development and use, the Company explores development of commercial real estate assets for its own portfolio (in response to market demand while meeting community needs) or seeks monetization of such land and related investments (including current for-sale projects) earlier in their development cycle. The Company also owns land that is not designated for development (e.g., agricultural lands, conservation/watershed lands). Consistent with its simplification strategy, the Company is pursuing monetization of these assets through transactions eligible for tax-efficient reinvestment. When timely monetization, in line with its simplification strategy, is not feasible, the Company continues to employ these landholdings at their highest and best use through legacy business activities. Materials & Construction Strategy Activities in the Materials & Construction segment are primarily conducted through the Company's consolidated subsidiary, Grace Pacific, a diversified and vertically integrated construction materials and hot mix asphalt paving contractor with operations throughout the Hawaiian Islands. Grace Pacific also, through consolidated subsidiaries, offers a variety of related for- sale and for-rent services, including road safety and transportation construction services, and serves as Hawai‘i's only precast/ prestressed concrete building materials manufacturer. Grace Pacific also holds a 50% interest in an unconsolidated affiliate, Maui Paving, LLC ("Maui Paving"), which operates primarily on the island of Maui. Consistent with its simplification strategy to focus on the growth and expansion of its commercial real estate portfolio in Hawai‘i, the Company continues to actively explore options involving the sale of some or all of the Grace Pacific businesses. No timeline has been established for the completion of these options. Additional activity in the M&C segment includes its share of the results of operations of an unconsolidated investment, Pohaku Pa‘a LLC ("Pohaku"). Pohaku is composed of two wholly-owned subsidiaries, HC&D, LLC (formerly known as Ameron Hawaii, LLC) and Island Ready-Mix Concrete, Inc. Pohaku, through these wholly-owned subsidiaries, operates rock quarries on the islands of Oahu and Maui and sells a wide range of products that include ready-mix concrete, rock and sand aggregates and cultured stone and related products. Financial Strategy The Company values a strong balance sheet with levels of debt and repayment schedules that would enable it to protect its ownership of assets through market cycles and to provide capital for opportunities to invest at attractive risk-adjusted returns. Following the increase in debt necessitated by the 2018 REIT special distribution, the Company continues to pursue debt reduction through non-core asset monetization and cash flow from operating activities. A decline in Materials and Construction earnings has impeded this progress, but monetization efforts in 2019 facilitated progress in debt reduction. To achieve this desired balance sheet posture, the Company intends to: • Maintain a disciplined capital allocation strategy with a focus on investments that have attractive risk-adjusted returns relative to the Company’s cost of capital; • Continue to improve leverage metrics through earnings growth and debt reduction; • Ensure well-laddered debt maturities and minimize near-term maturing debt; • Maintain a high proportion of fixed-rate debt and a longer weighted-average maturity; and • Maintain a large unencumbered portfolio of assets. Throughout this annual report on Form 10-K, references to "we," "our," "us" and "our Company" refer to Alexander & Baldwin, Inc., together with its consolidated subsidiaries. 3 ITEM 2. PROPERTIES BY BUSINESS SEGMENTS A. Commercial Real Estate The following table presents a summary of GLA square footage ("SF") by improved property type as of December 31, 2019: Retail Industrial Office Total Current GLA (SF) 2,497,500 1,216,800 143,600 3,857,900 (1) Commercial Properties A&B’s improved commercial real estate portfolio consists of retail, industrial and office properties, comprising approximately 3.9 million square feet of GLA as of December 31, 2019. Most of the commercial properties are located on Oahu and Maui, with smaller holdings on Kauai and Hawai‘i (island). The occupancy for the portfolio (i.e., the percentage of square footage leased and commenced to gross leasable space at the end of the period reported, "Occupancy") was 93.9% and 92.4% at December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively. For properties in the portfolio, annualized base rent ("ABR") is calculated by multiplying the current month's contractual base rent by twelve. 4 As of December 31, 2019, the Company's commercial real estate improved property assets were as follows ($ in thousands, except per square foot, "PSF," amounts): 7 Kaneohe Bay Shopping Center (Leasehold) (1) Property Retail: 1 Pearl Highlands Center 2 Kailua Retail 3 Laulani Village 4 Waianae Mall 5 Manoa Marketplace 6 Queens' MarketPlace 8 Pu‘unene Shopping Center 9 Hokulei Village 10 Waipio Shopping Center 11 Aikahi Park Shopping Center 12 Lanihau Marketplace 13 The Shops at Kukui‘ula 14 Kunia Shopping Center 15 Waipouli Town Center 16 Lau Hala Shops 17 Napili Plaza 18 Kahului Shopping Center 19 Gateway at Mililani Mauka 20 Port Allen Marina Center 21 The Collection 22 Ho‘okele Shopping Center Subtotal – Retail Industrial: 23 Komohana Industrial Park 24 Kaka‘ako Commerce Center 25 Waipio Industrial 26 Opule Industrial 27 P&L Warehouse 28 Kapolei Enterprise Center 29 Honokohau Industrial 30 Kailua Industrial/Other 31 Port Allen 32 Harbor Industrial Subtotal – Industrial Island Year Built/ Renovated Current GLA (SF) Occupancy ABR ABR PSF 1992-1994 1947-2014 411,400 99.8 % $ 11,236 $ 319,100 96.5 % 11,251 2012 1975 1977 2007 1971 2017 2015 175,800 99.3 % 170,300 87.0 % 140,900 85.2 % 134,700 90.1 % 125,400 100.0 % 120,500 64.6 % 119,200 98.2 % 1986, 2004 113,800 100.0 % 98,000 88,300 86,100 60,600 82.1 % 94.6 % 93.0 % 95.0 % 56,600 93.9 % 46,300 100.0 % 45,600 45,300 34,900 23,600 87.6 % 93.6 % 93.2 % 92.0 % 12,000 100.0 % 69,100 N/A 1971 1987 2009 2004 1980 2018 1991 1951 2008, 2013 2002 2017 2019 1990 1969 2,497,500 93.3% $ 73,755 $ 33.12 238,300 87.0 % $ 2,669 $ 201,100 93.3 % 1988-1989 158,400 98.8 % 2005-2006, 2018 1970 2019 2004-2006, 2008 1951-1974 1983, 1993 151,500 100.0 % 104,100 100.0 % 93,000 100.0 % 86,500 100.0 % 69,000 93.4 % 63,800 100.0 % 1930 51,100 87.2 % 1,216,800 95.3% $ 16,636 $ 6,415 3,068 3,922 5,426 3,125 3,284 4,093 3,303 1,951 1,747 4,121 2,345 948 2,652 1,221 672 1,825 591 559 — 2,544 2,514 2,320 1,492 1,507 1,197 1,116 739 538 27.38 36.81 37.09 20.72 33.14 53.71 24.92 46.35 35.23 29.02 24.49 20.90 54.70 40.74 17.84 57.32 30.56 15.83 56.19 27.27 46.64 — 12.87 14.40 16.07 15.31 14.53 16.19 13.84 17.85 11.58 12.08 14.53 (1) (1)(3) (1) (1) Oahu Oahu Oahu Oahu Oahu Hawai‘i Island Oahu Maui Kauai Oahu Oahu Hawai‘i Island Kauai Oahu Kauai Oahu Maui Maui Oahu Kauai Oahu Maui Oahu Oahu Oahu Oahu Maui Oahu (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (3) (1) (1) (1) (1) (2) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) Hawai‘i Island (1) (1) (1) Oahu Kauai Maui 5 Property Office: 33 Kahului Office Building 34 Gateway at Mililani Mauka South 35 Kahului Office Center 36 Lono Center Subtotal – Office Total – Hawai‘i Improved Portfolio Island Year Built/ Renovated Current GLA (SF) Occupancy ABR ABR PSF (1) (1) (1) (1) Maui Oahu Maui Maui 1974 59,400 87.4% $ 1,496 $ 1992, 2006 37,100 100.0 % 1991 1973 33,400 13,700 143,600 3,857,900 87.7% 88.9% 90.9% 93.9% 1,641 765 305 $ $ 4,207 $ 94,598 $ 30.44 44.18 26.09 25.10 32.93 27.03 (1) Included in the same-store ("Same-Store") pool, which management uses in the calculation of certain non-GAAP metrics at an improved property or ground lease level. Refer to page 38 for a discussion of non-GAAP financial measures and the required reconciliation of non-GAAP measures to GAAP measures. (2) Development completed but not yet stabilized. Upon initial stabilization the property will be included in occupancy. Refer to page 39 for a discussion of management's determination of stabilization. (3) In prior periods, Lau Hala Shops was combined into Kailua Retail. However, beginning in the year ended December 31, 2019, information for Lau Hala is presented separately and has been excluded from Kailua Retail. The Company also has a portfolio of commercial ground leases at December 31, 2019, as follows ($ in thousands): Property Name (1) 1 Windward City Shopping Center 2 Owner/Operator 3 Owner/Operator 4 Kaimuki Shopping Center 5 S&F Industrial 6 Owner/Operator 7 Windward Town and Country Plaza I 8 Windward Town and Country Plaza II 9 Owner/Operator 10 Owner/Operator 11 Owner/Operator 12 Pali Palms Plaza 13 Seven-Eleven Kailua Center 14 Owner/Operator 15 Owner/Operator 16 Owner/Operator 17 Owner/Operator 18 Owner/Operator 19 Owner/Operator 20 Owner/Operator Remainder Total - Ground Leases Location (City, Island) Kaneohe, Oahu Kapolei, Oahu Honolulu, Oahu Honolulu, Oahu Pu‘unene, Maui Kaneohe, Oahu Kailua, Oahu Kailua, Oahu Kailua, Oahu Honolulu, Oahu Honolulu, Oahu Kailua, Oahu Kailua, Oahu Kahului, Maui Kailua, Oahu Kahului, Maui Kahului, Maui Kahului, Maui Kahului, Maui Kailua, Oahu Various Acres Property Type Exp. Year Current ABR 15.4 36.4 9.0 2.8 52.0 3.7 3.4 2.2 1.9 0.5 0.5 3.3 0.9 0.8 1.2 0.4 0.8 0.5 0.4 0.4 17.3 153.8 Retail Industrial Retail Retail Heavy Industrial Retail Retail Retail Retail Retail Parking Office Retail Retail Retail Retail Industrial Retail Retail Retail Various $ 2035 2025 2045 2040 2059 2048 2062 2062 2034 2028 2023 2037 2033 2026 2022 2020 2020 2029 2027 2022 2,800 2,271 1,886 1,344 1,275 990 753 485 450 348 319 257 243 242 237 214 200 173 158 151 Various 1,336 16,132 $ (1) Excludes intersegment ground leases, primarily from our Materials & Construction segment, which are eliminated in our consolidated results of operations. 6 (2) Tenant Concentrations The Company’s top ten tenants at December 31, 2019 (ranked by ABR) were as follows ($ in thousands): Tenant1 Albertsons Companies (including Safeway) Sam's Club CVS Corporation (including Longs Drugs) Foodland Supermarket & related companies Ross Dress for Less Coleman World Group Ulta Salon, Cosmetics, & Fragrance, Inc. 24 Hour Fitness USA Petco Animal Supplies Stores Whole Foods Market Total Number of Leases ABR % of Total Improved Portfolio ABR 7 1 6 10 2 2 3 1 3 1 $ 6,853 3,308 2,752 2,608 1,992 1,780 1,508 1,375 1,316 1,210 7.2% 3.5% 2.9% 2.8% 2.1% 1.9% 1.6% 1.5% 1.3% 1.3% % of Total Improved Portfolio GLA 7.4% 4.7% 3.9% 3.8% 1.7% 3.0% 0.9% 1.2% 0.9% 0.8% GLA (SF) 286,024 180,908 150,411 146,901 65,484 115,495 33,985 45,870 34,282 31,647 36 $ 24,702 26.1% 1,091,007 28.3% 1 Excludes intersegment ground leases, primarily from the Materials & Construction segment, which are eliminated in our consolidated results of operation. (3) Lease Expirations The Company’s schedule of lease expirations for its total improved portfolio is as follows ($ in thousands): Expiration Year Number of Leases Square Footage of Expiring Leases % of Total Improved Portfolio Leased GLA ABR Expiring % of Total Improved Portfolio Expiring ABR 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028 Thereafter Month-to-month Total B. Land Operations 147 161 169 114 78 30 21 24 37 52 96 929 469,191 600,189 399,427 266,212 436,011 153,365 179,077 155,882 237,143 541,899 117,934 3,556,330 13.2% 16.9% 11.2% 7.5% 12.3% 4.3% 5.0% 4.4% 6.7% 15.2% 3.3% 100% $ 10,434 15,040 13,000 9,046 12,462 4,864 4,663 4,679 9,737 17,452 2,935 $ 104,312 10.0% 14.4% 12.5% 8.7% 11.9% 4.7% 4.5% 4.5% 9.3% 16.7% 2.8% 100% The Company's Land Operations segment seeks to strategically monetize the Company's legacy, non-commercial real estate landholdings and assets. 7 (1) Landholdings At December 31, 2019, A&B owned 27,925 acres related to its Land Operations segment as follows: Type Land used in other operations Urban land, not in active development/use Urban Developable, with full or partial infrastructure Urban Developable, with limited or no infrastructure Urban Other Subtotal - Urban land, not in active development Agriculture-related Agriculture/Other Urban entitlement process Conservation & preservation Subtotal - Agriculture-related Total Land Operations Landholdings (2) Active Development-for-sale Projects Kauai Maui Oahu Total Acres 20 6 29 6 41 6,358 260 13,309 19,927 19,988 21 110 186 23 319 6,264 357 392 7,013 7,353 — — — — — 75 — 509 584 584 41 116 215 29 360 12,697 617 14,210 27,524 27,925 The Company's Land Operations segment has current development-for-sale projects encompassing resort residential and light industrial lots for sale in Hawai‘i. This list has been reduced significantly in recent years thanks to successful monetization efforts and the decision not to initiate new development-for-sale projects. The following is a summary of the Company’s active real estate development-for-sale portfolio as of December 31, 2019: Project Wholly Owned: Maui Business Park (Phase II) Joint Ventures: Kukui‘ula Other Kukui‘ula Related Investments Location Kahului, Maui Poipu, Kauai Poipu, Kauai Product Type Light industrial lots Resort residential Resort residential Est. Economic Interest 100% Planned Units or Saleable Acres 125 acres (in millions) Est. Total Project/ Investment Cost A&B Gross Investment (Life to Date) Units/ Acres Closed 44 acres $ 91.0 $ 59.0 85% +/- 5% 1,425 units 221 units $ 1,071.0 75% +/- 5% 58 units 39 units $ 102.0 $ $ 323.0 52.0 Maui Business Park: Maui Business Park II (“MBP II”) represents the second phase of the Company's Maui Business Park project in Kahului, Maui. MBP II is zoned for light industrial, retail and office use. At December 31, 2019, approximately 81 acres remain available. Kukui‘ula and Other Kukui‘ula Related Investments: In April 2002, the Company entered into a joint venture with DMB Communities II (“DMBC”), an affiliate of DMB Associates, Inc. ("DMB"), an Arizona-based developer of master-planned communities, for the development of Kukui‘ula on acreage that consisted of historical A&B landholdings. As of December 31, 2019, total capital contributed to the main project was approximately $323.0 million, which included $30.0 million representing the value of land initially contributed by the Company. Other Kukui‘ula Related Investments includes joint venture investments in two vertical construction, development-for- sale projects at Kukui‘ula, as well as notes receivable from a Kukui‘ula development-for-sale project. 8 (3) Renewable Energy The Company is directly involved in the renewable energy field and has been a clean energy producer for over 114 years. It has renewable hydroelectric and solar power facilities on Kauai, operated by its wholly-owned subsidiary, McBryde Resources, Inc. (“McBryde”), and has invested over $37 million in solar projects on Kauai and Oahu. McBryde produced 26,572 MWH of hydroelectric power (compared to 25,753 MWH in 2018) and 11,122 MWH of solar power (compared to 11,203 MWH in 2018). To the extent it is not used in A&B-related operations, McBryde sells electricity to Kauai Island Utility Cooperative (“KIUC”). Power sales in 2019 amounted to 30,756 MWH (compared to 31,800 MWH in 2018). In 2019, an estimated 23% of the energy used by Kauai residents was produced through renewable energy facilities that either (1) the Company operates or invests in or (2) are located on landholdings owned by the Company that are leased by third- party energy operators. Through its own projects, investments and land leases, the Company played an important part in Kauai's recent achievement of its goal of more than 50% renewable energy generation (as announced in January 2019). Moreover, according to KIUC in a news release, in recent months in 2019, KIUC successfully supplied all of the grid's electric needs with 100% renewables for extended periods lasting several hours. The Company intends to continue contributing additionality to help achieve Hawai‘i's renewable energy generation goals. C. (1) Materials & Construction Quarries and Quarry Facilities Grace owns 542 acres in Makakilo, Oahu, approximately 200 acres of which are used for its quarrying operations. Approximately 787,000 tons of rock were delivered by Grace in 2019. The operation of the quarry is governed by special and conditional use permits, which allow Grace to extract aggregate through 2032. Grace also owns approximately 264 acres on Molokai, which are licensed to a third-party operator for quarrying operations. (2) Equipment Grace owns approximately 700 pieces of on- and off-highway rolling stock, which consist of heavy-duty trucks, passenger vehicles and various road paving, quarrying and operations equipment. Additionally, Grace owns approximately 200 pieces of non-rolling stock items used in its operations, such as generators, transit tankers, light towers, message boards and nuclear gauges. The Materials & Construction segment has six rock crushing plants and seven asphaltic concrete plants (three on Oahu, one on Maui, one on Kauai, one on Hawai‘i (island), and one on Molokai). Employees and Labor Relations As of December 31, 2019, the Company and its subsidiaries had 793 regular full-time employees, as compared to 875 regular full-time employees as of the prior year end. At the end of 2019, the Company's Materials & Construction segment employed 595 regular full-time employees. Approximately 53% of the Company's employees are covered by collective bargaining agreements with unions. There are 18 bargaining unit employees at Kahului Trucking & Storage, Inc. ("KT&S") that are covered by a collective bargaining agreement with the International Longshore and Warehouse Union ("ILWU") that expires on March 31, 2021. There are two collective bargaining agreements with 18 A&B Fleet Services employees on Hawai‘i (island) and Kauai, represented by the ILWU. Both the Kauai and Hawai‘i (island) agreements expire on August 31, 2020. A collective bargaining agreement with the International Union of Operating Engineers AFL-CIO, Local Union 3 (“IUOE”) covers 168 of Grace’s employees, who are primarily classified as heavy-duty equipment operators, paving construction site workers, quarry workers, truck drivers and mechanics. The agreement expires on September 2, 2024. Collective bargaining agreements with Laborers International Union of North America Local 368 (“Laborers”) cover 205 Grace employees. The traffic and rentals Laborers’ agreement expires on August 31, 2021; the precast/prestress concrete Laborers’ agreement expires on August 31, 2024; and the Laborers' agreement with fence, guardrail and sign installation workers expires on September 30, 2024. A collective bargaining agreement with the Hawai‘i Regional Council of Carpenters, United Brotherhood of Carpenters and Joiners of America, and its Affiliated Local Unions and General Contractors Labor Association and the Building Industry Labor Association of Hawai‘i (“Carpenters”) cover 11 Grace employees. The Carpenters agreement expires on August 31, 2024. 9 Available Information The Company files reports with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”). The reports and other information filed include annual reports on Form 10-K, quarterly reports on Form 10-Q, current reports on Form 8-K and other reports and information filed under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (the “Exchange Act”). The SEC maintains a website at www.sec.gov, which contains reports, proxy and information statements, and other information regarding A&B and other issuers that file electronically with the SEC. The Company makes available, free of charge, on or through its Internet website, its annual reports on Form 10-K, quarterly reports on Form 10-Q, current reports on Form 8-K and amendments to those reports filed or furnished pursuant to Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Exchange Act as soon as reasonably practicable after it electronically files such material with, or furnishes it to, the SEC. The Company’s website address is www.alexanderbaldwin.com. ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS Our business and common stock are subject to a number of risks and uncertainties. You should carefully consider the risks and uncertainties described below, together with all of the other information in this Form 10-K and the Company’s filings with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission. The risks and uncertainties faced by our Company are not limited to those described below, nor are they listed in order of significance. Moreover, we operate in a very competitive and rapidly changing environment. New risk factors emerge from time to time and it is not possible for us to predict all such risk factors, nor can we assess the impact of all such risk factors on our business or the extent to which any factor, or combination of factors, may affect our business. Additional risks and uncertainties not presently known to us, or that we currently believe to be immaterial, may also materially adversely affect our business, liquidity, financial condition, results of operation and cash flows. This Form 10-K also contains forward-looking statements that involve risks and uncertainties. If any of the following events occur, our business, liquidity, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows could be materially adversely affected, and the trading price of our common stock could materially decline. Risks Related to REIT Status Qualification as a REIT involves highly technical and complex provisions of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”). Qualification as a REIT involves the application of highly technical and complex Code provisions to our operations and finances, as well as various factual determinations concerning matters and circumstances not entirely within our control. There are only limited judicial and administrative interpretations of these provisions. Even a technical or inadvertent violation could jeopardize our REIT qualification. In addition, our ability to satisfy the requirements to qualify as a REIT depends, in part, on the actions of third parties, over which we have no control or only limited influence. If we fail to remain qualified as a REIT, we would be subject to U.S. federal income tax as a regular corporation and could face a substantial tax liability, which would reduce the amount of cash available for distribution to our shareholders. We have determined that we operated in compliance with the REIT requirements commencing with the taxable year ended December 31, 2017. Our qualification and taxation as a REIT depends on our ability to meet, on a continuing basis, various requirements concerning, among other things, the sources of our income, the nature of our assets, the diversity of our share ownership and the amounts we distribute to our shareholders. Our ability to satisfy the asset tests depends upon our analysis of the characterization and fair market values of our assets, some of which are not susceptible to a precise determination, and for which we will not obtain independent appraisals. Although we intend to operate in a manner consistent with the REIT requirements, we cannot be certain that we will remain so qualified. If, in any taxable year, we fail to qualify as a REIT, we would be subject to U.S. federal and state income tax on our taxable income at regular corporate rates, and we would not be allowed a deduction for distributions to shareholders in computing our taxable income. Any resulting corporate tax liability could be substantial and would reduce the amount of cash available for distribution to our shareholders, which, in turn, could have an adverse impact on the value of our common stock. In addition, unless we are entitled to relief under certain Code provisions, we also would be disqualified from re-electing REIT status for the four taxable years following the year in which we failed to qualify as a REIT. 10 Our significant use of taxable REIT subsidiaries (“TRSs”) may cause us to fail to qualify as a REIT. The net income of our TRSs is not required to be transferred to us, and such TRS income that is not transferred to us is generally not subject to our REIT distribution requirements. However, if the accumulation of cash or reinvestment of significant earnings in our TRSs causes the fair market value of our securities in those entities, taken together with other non-qualifying assets, to represent more than 25% of the fair market value of our total assets, or causes the fair market value of our TRS securities alone to exceed 20% of the fair market value of our total assets, in each case as determined for REIT asset testing purposes, we would, absent timely responsive action, fail to qualify as a REIT. Complying with the REIT requirements may cause us to sell assets or forgo otherwise attractive investment opportunities. To maintain our qualification as a REIT, we must continually satisfy various requirements concerning, among other things, the nature of our assets, the sources of our income and the amounts we distribute to our shareholders. For example, we must ensure that, at the end of each calendar quarter, at least 75% of the value of our total assets consists of some combination of “real estate assets” (as defined in the Code), cash, cash items and U.S. government securities. The remainder of our investments (other than government securities, qualified real estate assets and securities issued by a TRS) generally cannot include more than 10% of the outstanding voting securities of any one issuer or more than 10% of the total value of the outstanding securities of any one issuer. In addition, in general, no more than 5% of the value of our total assets (other than government securities, qualified real estate assets and securities issued by a TRS) can consist of the securities of any one issuer, and no more than 20% of the value of our total assets can be represented by securities of one or more TRS. If we fail to comply with these requirements at the end of any calendar quarter, we must correct the failure within 30 days after the end of the calendar quarter or qualify for certain statutory relief provisions to avoid losing our REIT qualification and suffering adverse tax consequences. As a result, we may be required to sell assets or forgo otherwise attractive investment opportunities. These actions could have the effect of reducing our income, amounts available for distribution to our shareholders and amounts available for making payments on our indebtedness. We may be required to borrow funds, sell assets or raise equity to satisfy our REIT distribution requirements, which could adversely affect our ability to execute our business plan and grow. We generally must distribute annually at least 90% of our REIT taxable income, determined without regard to the dividends paid deduction and excluding any net capital gains, to maintain our qualification as a REIT. To the extent that we satisfy this distribution requirement and qualify as a REIT but distribute less than 100% of our REIT taxable income, including any net capital gains, we will be subject to tax at ordinary corporate tax rates on the retained portion. In addition, we will be subject to a 4% nondeductible excise tax if the actual amount that we distribute to our shareholders in a calendar year is less than a minimum amount specified under U.S. federal tax laws. We intend to make distributions to our shareholders to comply with the REIT requirements of the Code and avoid corporate income tax and the 4% annual excise tax. From time to time, we may generate taxable income greater than our cash flow as a result of differences in timing between the recognition of taxable income and the actual receipt of cash or the effect of nondeductible capital expenditures, the creation of reserves or required debt or amortization payments. If we do not have other funds available in these situations, we could be required to borrow funds on unfavorable terms, sell assets at disadvantageous prices or distribute amounts that would otherwise be invested in future acquisitions, to make distributions sufficient to enable us to pay out enough of our taxable income to satisfy the REIT distribution requirement and to avoid corporate income tax and the 4% excise tax in a particular year. These alternatives could increase our costs or reduce our equity or adversely impact our ability to raise short- and long- term debt. Furthermore, the REIT distribution requirements may increase the financing we need to fund capital expenditures and further growth and expansion initiatives. Thus, compliance with the REIT requirements may hinder our ability to grow, which could adversely affect the value of our common stock. Whether we issue equity, at what price and the amount and other terms of any such issuances will depend on many factors, including alternative sources of capital, our then-existing leverage, our need for additional capital, market conditions and other factors beyond our control. If we raise additional funds through the issuance of equity securities or debt convertible into equity securities, the percentage of stock owned by our existing shareholders may be reduced. In addition, new equity securities or convertible debt securities could have rights, preferences and privileges senior to those of our current shareholders, which could substantially decrease the value of our securities owned by them. Depending on the share price we are able to obtain, we may have to sell a significant number of shares to raise the capital we deem necessary to execute our long-term strategy, and our shareholders may experience dilution in the value of their shares as a result. Dividends payable by REITs do not qualify for the reduced tax rates available for some dividends. The maximum U.S. federal income tax rate applicable to income from “qualified dividends” payable to U.S. shareholders that are individuals, trusts and estates is currently 20%, exclusive of the 3.8% investment tax surcharge. Dividends payable by 11 REITs, however, generally are not eligible for the reduced rates applicable to qualified dividends. Although these rules do not adversely affect the taxation of REITs, the more favorable rates applicable to regular corporate qualified dividends could cause investors who are individuals, trusts and estates to perceive investments in REITs to be relatively less attractive than investments in the stocks of non-REIT corporations that pay dividends, which could adversely affect the value of the stock of REITs, including our common stock. However, for taxable years that begin after December 31, 2017 and before January 1, 2026, shareholders that are individuals, trusts or estates are generally entitled to a deduction equal to 20% of the aggregate amount of ordinary income dividends received from a REIT, subject to certain limitations. The REIT ownership limitations and transfer restrictions contained in our articles of incorporation may restrict or prevent certain transfers of our common stock, could have unintended antitakeover effects and may not be successful in preserving our qualification for taxation as a REIT. For us to remain qualified for taxation as a REIT, no more than 50% of the value of outstanding shares of our stock may be owned, beneficially or constructively, by five or fewer individuals (as defined in the Code to include certain entities) at any time during the last half of each taxable year beginning with our 2018 taxable year. Also, our capital stock must be beneficially owned by 100 or more persons during at least 335 days of a taxable year of 12 months or during a proportionate part of a shorter taxable year beginning with our 2018 taxable year. In addition, a person actually or constructively owning 10% or more of the vote or value of the shares of our capital stock could lead to a level of affiliation between the Company and one or more of its tenants that could cause our revenues from such affiliated tenants to not qualify as rents from real property. Subject to certain exceptions, our articles of incorporation prohibit any stockholder from owning, beneficially or constructively, more than (i) 9.8% in value of the outstanding shares of all classes or series of our capital stock or (ii) 9.8% in value or number, whichever is more restrictive, of the outstanding shares of any class or series of our capital stock. The constructive ownership rules under the Code are complex and may cause the outstanding stock owned by a group of related individuals or entities to be deemed to be constructively owned by one individual or entity. As a result, the acquisition of less than 9.8% of our outstanding common stock (or the outstanding shares of any class or series of our stock) by an individual or entity could cause that individual or entity, or another individual or entity, to own constructively in excess of the relevant ownership limits. Any attempt to own or transfer shares of our common stock, or of any of our other capital stock in violation of these restrictions, may result in the shares being automatically transferred to a charitable trust or may be void. We refer to these restrictions collectively as the “ownership limits” and we included them in our articles of incorporation to facilitate our compliance with REIT tax rules. These ownership limitations may prevent you from engaging in certain transfers of our common stock. Even though our articles of incorporation contain the ownership limits, there can be no assurance that these provisions will be effective to prevent our qualification for taxation as a REIT from being jeopardized, including under the affiliated tenant rule. Furthermore, there can be no assurance that we will be able to enforce the ownership limits. If the restrictions in our articles of incorporation are not effective and, as a result, we fail to satisfy the REIT tax rules described above, then absent an applicable relief provision, we will fail to remain qualified for taxation as a REIT. The ownership limitations and transfer restrictions contained in our articles of incorporation may delay, deter or prevent a transaction or a change in control that might involve a premium price for our stock or otherwise be in the best interests of our shareholders. As a result, the overall effect of the ownership limitations and transfer restrictions may be to render more difficult or discourage any attempt to acquire us, even if such acquisition may be favorable to the interests of our shareholders. This potential inability to obtain a premium could reduce the price of our common stock. Our cash distributions are not guaranteed and may fluctuate. A REIT generally is required to distribute at least 90% of its REIT taxable income to its shareholders (determined without regard to the dividends paid deduction and excluding any net capital gains). Generally, we expect to distribute all, or substantially all, of our REIT taxable income, including net capital gains, so as to not be subject to the income or excise tax on undistributed REIT taxable income. Our board of directors, in its sole discretion, will determine on a quarterly basis the amount of cash to be distributed to our shareholders based on a number of factors including, but not limited to, our results of operations, cash flow and capital requirements, economic conditions, tax considerations, borrowing capacity and other factors, including debt covenant restrictions, that may impose limitations on cash payments and plans for future acquisitions and divestitures. Consequently, our distribution levels may fluctuate. Certain of our business activities may be subject to corporate level income tax and other taxes, which would reduce our cash flows, and would cause potential deferred and contingent tax liabilities. Our TRS assets and operations will continue to be subject to U.S. federal income taxes at regular corporate rates. We also may be subject to a variety of other taxes, including payroll taxes and state, local, and foreign income, property, transfer and 12 other taxes on assets and operations. In addition, we could, in certain circumstances, be required to pay an excise or penalty tax, which could be significant in amount, in order to utilize one or more relief provisions under the Code to maintain qualification for taxation as a REIT. We also could incur a 100% excise tax on transactions with a TRS, if they are not conducted on an arm’s length basis, or we also could be subject to tax in situations and on transactions not presently contemplated. Any of these taxes would decrease our earnings and our available cash. If we dispose of an asset held at the REIT level during our first five years as a REIT and do not execute a qualifying tax- deferred exchange, we also may be subject to a federal and state corporate level tax on the gain recognized from such sale, up to the amount of the built-in gain that existed on January 1, 2017, which is based on the fair market value of such asset in excess of our tax basis in such asset as of January 1, 2017. We currently do not expect to sell any asset if the sale would result in the imposition of a material tax liability. We cannot, however, assure you that we will not change our plans in this regard. In addition, the Internal Revenue Service ("IRS") and any state or local tax authority may successfully assert liabilities against us for corporate income taxes for taxable years prior to the time we qualified as a REIT, in which case we will owe these taxes plus applicable interest and penalties, if any. Moreover, any increase in taxable income for these pre-REIT periods will likely result in an increase in pre-REIT accumulated earnings and profits, which could cause us to pay an additional taxable distribution to our shareholders after the relevant determination. The tax imposed on REITs engaging in “prohibited transactions” may limit our ability to engage in transactions that would be treated as sales for federal income tax purposes. A REIT’s net income from prohibited transactions is subject to a 100% penalty tax. The term “prohibited transaction” generally includes a sale or other disposition of property (including mortgage loans, but other than foreclosure property, as discussed below) that is held primarily for sale to customers in the ordinary course of our trade or business. We might be subject to this tax if we were to dispose of or securitize loans in a manner that was treated as a prohibited transaction for U.S. federal income tax purposes. We intend to conduct our operations so that no asset that we own (or are treated as owning) will be treated as, or as having been, held for sale to customers, and that a sale of any such asset will not be treated as having been in the ordinary course of our business. As a result, we may choose not to engage in certain sales of loans at the REIT level, and may limit the structures we utilize for our securitization transactions, even though the sales or structures might otherwise be beneficial to us. In addition, whether property is held “primarily for sale to customers in the ordinary course of a trade or business” depends on the particular facts and circumstances. No assurance can be given that any property that we sell will not be treated as property held for sale to customers, or that we can comply with certain safe-harbor provisions of the Code that would prevent such treatment. The 100% prohibited transaction tax does not apply to gains from the sale of property that is held through a TRS or other taxable corporation, although such income will be subject to tax in the hands of the corporation at regular corporate rates. We intend to structure our activities to prevent prohibited transaction characterization. New legislation or administrative or judicial action, in each instance potentially with retroactive effect, could make it more difficult or impossible for us to maintain our qualification as a REIT. The present U.S. federal income tax treatment of REITs may be modified, possibly with retroactive effect, by legislative, judicial or administrative action at any time, which could affect the U.S. federal income tax treatment of an investment in us. The U.S. federal income tax rules dealing with REITs are constantly under review by persons involved in the legislative process, the IRS and the U.S. Treasury Department, which results in statutory changes as well as frequent revisions to regulations and interpretations. We cannot predict how changes in the tax laws might affect our investors or us. Revisions in U.S. federal tax laws and interpretations thereof could significantly and negatively affect our ability to qualify as a REIT and the tax considerations relevant to an investment in us, or could cause us to change our investments and commitments. You are urged to consult with your tax advisor with respect to the status of legislative, regulatory or administrative developments and proposals and their potential effect on an investment in our stock. Changes to the Hawai‘i tax code could result in increased state-level taxation of REITs doing business in Hawai‘i or mandated state-level withholding of taxes on REIT dividends. The Hawai‘i State legislature has repeatedly considered, and could consider in the future, legislation that would eliminate (i.e., repeal) the REIT dividends paid deduction for Hawai‘i State income tax purposes related to income generated in Hawai‘i for a number of years or permanently. Such a repeal could result in double taxation of REIT income in Hawai‘i under the Hawai‘i tax code, reduce returns to shareholders and make our stock less attractive to investors, which could in turn lower the value of our stock. The Hawai‘i State legislature also has considered, and could consider in the future, mandating withholding of Hawai‘i State 13 income tax on dividends paid to out-of-state shareholders. Such shareholders may not be able to receive a credit of these taxes from their home state, thereby resulting in double taxation of such dividends. This could reduce returns to shareholders and make our stock less attractive to investors, which could in turn lower the value or our stock. The ability of our board of directors to revoke our REIT qualification, without shareholder approval, may cause adverse consequences to our shareholders. Our articles of incorporation provide that the board of directors may revoke or otherwise terminate our REIT election, without the approval of our shareholders, if it determines that it is no longer in our best interests to continue to qualify as a REIT. If we cease to be a REIT, we will not be allowed a deduction for dividends paid to shareholders in computing our taxable income, and we will be subject to U.S. federal income tax at regular corporate rates, which may have adverse consequences on our total return to our shareholders. Risks Related to Our Business Changes in economic conditions, particularly in Hawai‘i, may adversely affect our Commercial Real Estate, Land Operations, and Materials & Construction segments. Our business, including our assets and operations, is concentrated in Hawai‘i, which exposes us to more concentrated risks than if our assets and operations were more diversely located. A weakening of economic drivers in Hawai‘i, which include tourism, military and consumer spending, public and private construction starts and spending, personal income growth, and employment, or the weakening of consumer confidence, market demand, or economic conditions on the Mainland and elsewhere, may adversely affect the level of real estate leasing activity in Hawai‘i, the demand for or sale of Hawai‘i real estate, and demand for our materials and construction products. In addition, an increase in interest rates or other factors could reduce the market value of our real estate holdings, as well as increase the cost of buyer financing that may reduce the demand for our real estate assets. We may face new or increased competition. There are numerous other developers, buyers, managers and owners of commercial and residential real estate and undeveloped land that compete or may compete with us for management and leasing revenues, land for development, properties for acquisition and disposition, and for tenants and purchasers of properties. Intense competition could lead to increased supply of space, which could then increase vacancies, the need for increased tenant incentives, decreased rents, sales prices or sales volume, or lack of development opportunities. Additionally, our tenants may face increased competition and/or shifts in market preferences and demand that adversely impact their performance, ability to pay rent or even their business viability. Grace Pacific competes in an industry that favors the lowest bid. Increasing competitive market conditions, including out-of-state or new in-state contractors competing for a limited number of projects available, could adversely impact our results of operations through market share erosion due to lost bids, as well as lower pricing and thus lower margins realized on successful bids. Grace also mines aggregate and imports asphalt for sale. Grace’s customers could seek alternative sources of supply, similar to some of its competitors that are importing liquid asphalt and aggregate. Although we intend to market and sell non-strategic assets, many of the assets are relatively illiquid, and it may not be possible to dispose of such assets in a timely manner or on favorable terms, which could adversely affect our financial condition, operating results and cash flows. Our ability to dispose of non-strategic assets on advantageous terms, including pricing, depends on factors beyond our control, including but not limited to, competition from other sellers, insufficient infrastructure capacity or availability (e.g., water, sewer and roads) for real estate assets, the availability of attractive financing for potential buyers and market conditions. As a result, we may be unable to realize our strategy to simplify through dispositions, or may be unable to do so on advantageous terms, which could adversely affect our financial condition, operating results and cash flows. In addition, many of the non-strategic assets are relatively illiquid. Illiquid assets typically experience greater price volatility, as a ready market does not exist, and can be more difficult to value. In addition, validating third party pricing for illiquid assets may be more subjective than more liquid assets. As a result, we may realize significantly less than the value at which we have previously recorded such assets. We may face potential difficulties in obtaining operating and development capital. The successful execution of our strategy requires substantial amounts of operating and development capital. Sources of such capital could include banks, life insurance companies, public and private offerings of debt or equity, including rights offerings, 14 sale of certain assets and joint venture partners. If our credit profile deteriorates significantly, our access to the debt capital markets or our ability to renew our committed lines of credit may become restricted, the cost to borrow may increase, or we may not be able to refinance debt at the same levels or on the same terms. Further, we rely on our ability to obtain and draw on a revolving credit facility to support our operations. Volatility in the credit and financial markets or deterioration in our credit profile may prevent us from accessing funds. There is no assurance that any capital will be available on terms acceptable to us, or at all, to satisfy our short or long-term cash needs. We may raise additional capital in the future on terms that are more stringent to us, that could provide holders of new issuances rights, preferences and privileges that are senior to those currently held by our common stockholders, or that could result in dilution of common stock ownership. To execute our business strategy, we may require additional capital. If we incur additional debt or raise equity, the terms of the debt or equity issued may give the holders rights, preferences and privileges senior to those of holders of our common stock, particularly in the event of liquidation. The terms of any new debt may also impose additional and more stringent restrictions on our operations than currently in place. If we issue additional common equity, either through public or private offerings or rights offerings, your percentage ownership in us would decline if you do not participate on a ratable basis. Failure to comply with certain restrictive financial covenants contained in our credit facilities could impose restrictions on our business segments, capital availability or the ability to pursue other activities. Our credit facilities and term debt contain certain restrictive financial covenants. If we breach any of the covenants and such breach is not cured in a timely manner or waived by the lenders, and results in default, our access to credit may be limited or terminated and the lenders could declare any outstanding amounts immediately due and payable. We further may be limited in our ability to make distributions to our shareholders in event of default. Increasing interest rates would increase our overall interest expense. Interest expense on our floating-rate debt ($148.7 million as of December 31, 2019) would increase if interest rates rise. Additionally, the interest expense associated with fixed-rate debt could rise in future periods when the debt matures and is refinanced. Furthermore, the value of our commercial real estate portfolio and the market price of our stock could decline if market interest rates increase and investors seek alternative investments with higher distribution rates. Our significant agreements and leases could be replaced on less favorable terms or may not be replaced. Our various businesses have significant agreements and leases that expire at various points in the future. These agreements and leases may not be renewed or could be replaced on less favorable terms. An increase in fuel prices may adversely affect our operating environment and costs. Fuel prices have a direct impact on the health of the Hawai‘i economy. Increases in the price of fuel may result in higher transportation costs to Hawai‘i and adversely affect visitor counts and the cost of goods shipped to Hawai‘i, thereby affecting the strength of the Hawai‘i economy and its consumers. Increases in fuel costs also can lead to other non-recoverable, direct expense increases to us through, for example, increased costs of energy and petroleum-based raw materials used in the production of aggregate, and the manufacture, transportation, and placement of hot mix asphalt. Increases in energy costs for our leased real estate portfolio are typically recovered from lessees, although our share of energy costs increases as a result of lower occupancies, and higher operating cost reimbursements impact the ability to increase underlying rents. Rising fuel prices also may increase the cost of construction, including delivery costs to Hawai‘i, and the cost of materials that are petroleum-based, thus affecting our real estate development projects and margins. Noncompliance with, or changes to, federal, state or local law or regulations may adversely affect our business. We are subject to federal, state and local laws and regulations, including government rate, land use, environmental and tax regulations. Noncompliance with, or changes to, the laws and regulations governing our business could impose significant additional costs on us and adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations. For example, the real estate segments are subject to numerous federal, state and local laws and regulations, which, if changed or not complied with, may adversely affect our business. We frequently utilize §1031 of the Code to defer taxes when selling qualifying real estate and reinvesting the proceeds in replacement properties. This often occurs when we sell bulk parcels of land in Hawai‘i or commercial properties in Hawai‘i, all of which typically have a very low tax basis. A repeal of, or adverse amendment to, §1031 of the Code, which has often been considered by Congress, could impose significant additional costs on us. We are subject to Occupational Safety and Health Administration regulations, Environmental Protection Agency regulations, and state and county permits related to our operations. The Materials & Construction segment is additionally subject to Mine Safety and Health Administration regulations. 15 Changes to, or our violation of or inability to comply with, any of the laws, regulations and permits mentioned above could increase our operating costs or ability to operate the affected line of business. Work stoppages or other labor disruptions by our unionized employees or those of other companies in related industries, may increase operating costs or adversely affect our ability to conduct business. Many of our regular full-time employees are covered by collective bargaining agreements with unions. We may be adversely affected by actions taken by our employees or those of other companies in related industries against efforts by management to control labor costs, restrain wage or benefits increases or modify work practices. Strikes and disruptions may occur as a result of our failure, or that of other companies in our industry, to negotiate collective bargaining agreements with such unions successfully. For example, in our Materials & Construction segment, a labor disruption resulting from a unionized workforce stoppage may significantly impede our production and ability to complete projects that are in process. Additionally, in our Land Operations segment, we may be unable to complete a development-for-sale project if building materials or labor are unavailable due to labor disruptions in the relevant trade groups. The loss of, or damage to, key vendor and customer relationships may impact our ability to conduct business and adversely affect our profitability. Our business is dependent on our relationships with key vendors, customers and tenants. The loss of, or damage to, any of these key relationships may impact our ability to conduct business and adversely affect our profitability. Interruption, breaches or failure of our information technology and communications systems could impair our ability to operate, adversely affect our financial condition, and damage our reputation. We rely extensively on information technology and communication systems to process transactions and to operate and manage our business. Information technology and communication systems are subject to reliability issues, integration and compatibility concerns, and cybersecurity-threatening intrusions. Further, we may experience failures caused by the occurrence of a natural disaster, terrorism, war, the intentional or inadvertent acts and errors by our employees or vendors, or other problems at our facilities. Despite our implementation of security measures, there can be no assurance that our efforts to maintain the security and integrity of our systems will be effective or that attempted security breaches or disruptions would not be successful or damaging. Any failure, or security breaches, of our systems could result in improper uses of our systems and networks and interruptions in our operations, which in turn could have a material adverse effect on our income, cash flow, results of operations, financial condition, liquidity, and reputation. We may incur significant costs to remedy damages caused by disruptions to our systems. Similarly, our vendors and tenants rely extensively on computer systems to process transactions and manage their businesses and, thus, are also at risk from, and may be impacted by, cybersecurity attacks. An interruption in the business operations of our vendors and tenants resulting from a cybersecurity attack could indirectly impact our business operations. Weather, natural disasters and the impacts of climate change may adversely affect our business. As a result of climate change, we may experience extreme weather and changes in precipitation and temperature, including natural disasters. Should the impact of climate change be significant or occur for lengthy periods of time, our financial condition or results of operations would be adversely affected. Our Commercial Real Estate and Land Operations segments are vulnerable to natural disasters, such as hurricanes, earthquakes, tsunamis, floods, fires, tornadoes and unusually heavy or prolonged rain, which could cause personal injury and loss of life. In addition, natural disasters could damage our real estate holdings, which could result in substantial repair or replacement costs to the extent not covered by insurance, a reduction in property values, or a loss of revenue, and could have an adverse effect on our ability to develop, lease and sell properties. The occurrence of natural disasters could also cause increases in property insurance rates and deductibles, which could reduce demand for, or increase the cost of, owning or developing our properties. Drought, greater than normal rainfall, hurricanes, low-wind conditions, earthquakes, tsunamis, floods, fires, other natural disasters, agricultural pestilence, or negligence or intentional malfeasance by individuals, may also adversely impact the conditions of the land and thereby harming the prospects for the Land Operations segment, including our renewable energy operations, and our land infrastructure and facilities, including dams and reservoirs. For the Materials & Construction segment, because nearly all of the segment’s activities are performed outdoors, its operations are substantially dependent on weather conditions. For example, periods of wet or other adverse weather conditions could interrupt paving activities, resulting in delayed or loss of revenue, under-utilization of crews and equipment and less efficient rates of overhead recovery. Adverse weather conditions also restrict the demand for aggregate products, increase aggregate production costs and impede its ability to efficiently transport material. 16 We maintain casualty insurance under policies we believe to be adequate and appropriate. These policies are generally subject to large retentions and deductibles. Some types of losses, such as losses resulting from physical damage to dams, generally are not insured. In some cases, we retain the entire risk of loss because it is not economically prudent to purchase insurance coverage or because of the perceived remoteness of the risk. Other risks are uninsured because insurance coverage may not be commercially available. Finally, we retain all risk of loss that exceeds the limits of our insurance. Political crises, public health crises and other events beyond our control may adversely impact our operations and profitability. Political crises (including but not limited to heightened security measures, war, actual or threatened terrorist attacks, efforts to combat terrorism or other acts of violence) and public health crises (including but not limited to pandemics and epidemics from the outbreak of any contagious diseases) may cause consumer confidence and spending to decrease, or may affect the ability or willingness of tourists to travel to Hawai‘i, thereby adversely affecting Hawai‘i’s economy and us. Further, as our business is concentrated in Hawai‘i, an attack on Hawai‘i as a result of war or terrorism may severely or irreparably harm the Company, including our real estate holdings, our facilities, our information technology systems and our personnel. Such events beyond our control could adversely affect trade and global and local economies and may lead to actions limiting trade and population movement and the movement of goods through the supply chain, as well as other impacts to business and consumer demand, which may adversely affect the Company’s business, operating results and financial condition. For example, in December 2019, a strain of coronavirus was reported to have surfaced in Wuhan, China, resulting in a public health crisis. At this point, the extent to which the coronavirus may impact our results is uncertain. Loss of our key personnel could adversely affect our business. Our future success will depend, in significant part, upon the continued services of our key personnel, including our senior management and skilled employees. The loss of the services of key personnel could adversely affect our future operating results, because of such employee’s experience, knowledge of our business and relationships. If key employees depart, we may have to incur significant costs to replace them, and our ability to execute our business model could be impaired if we cannot replace them in a timely manner. We do not maintain key person insurance on any of our personnel. We are subject to, and may in the future be subject to, disputes, legal or other proceedings, or government inquiries or investigations, that could have an adverse effect on us. The nature of our business exposes us to the potential for disputes, legal or other proceedings, or government inquiries or investigations, relating to labor and employment matters, contractual disputes, personal injury and property damage, environmental matters, construction litigation, business practices, and other matters, as discussed in the other risk factors disclosed in this section. These disputes, individually or collectively, could harm our business by distracting our management from the operation of our business. If these disputes develop into proceedings, these proceedings, individually or collectively, could involve or result in significant expenditures or losses by us. As a real estate developer, we may face warranty and construction defect claims, as described below under “Risks Relating to Our Land Operations Segment.” Changes in the value of pension assets, or a change in pension law or key assumptions, may result in increased expenses or plan contributions. The amount of our employee pension and postretirement benefit costs and obligations are calculated on assumptions used in the relevant actuarial calculations. Adverse changes in any of these assumptions due to economic or other factors, changes in discount rates, higher health care costs, or lower actual or expected returns on plan assets, may result in increased cost or required plan contributions. In addition, a change in federal law, including changes to the Employee Retirement Income Security Act and Pension Benefit Guaranty Corporation premiums, may adversely affect our single-employer pension plans and plan funding. These factors, as well as a decline in the fair value of pension plan assets, may put upward pressure on the cost of providing pension and medical benefits and may increase future pension expense and required funding contributions. Although we have actively sought to control increases in these costs, there can be no assurance that we will be successful in limiting future cost and expense increases. Impairment in the carrying value of long-lived assets and goodwill could negatively affect our operating results. We have a significant amount of long-lived assets and goodwill on our consolidated balance sheet and have recorded non-cash impairment charges in the past. Under generally accepted accounting principles, long-lived assets are required to be reviewed for impairment whenever adverse events or changes in circumstances indicate a possible impairment. If business conditions or other factors cause profitability and cash flows to decline, we may be required to record additional non-cash impairment charges. Goodwill must be evaluated for impairment annually or more frequently if events indicate it is warranted. If the carrying value of our reporting units exceeds their current fair value as determined based on the discounted future cash flows 17 of the related business, the goodwill is considered impaired and is reduced to fair value by a non-cash charge to earnings. Events and conditions that could result in further impairment in the value of our long-lived assets and goodwill include changes in the industries in which we operate, particularly the impact of a downturn in the global or Hawai‘i economy, as well as competition and advances in technology, adverse changes in the regulatory environment, or other factors leading to reduction in expected long- term sales or profitability. Risks Relating to Our Commercial Real Estate Segment We are subject to a number of factors that could cause leasing rental income to decline. We own a portfolio of commercial real estate assets. Factors that may adversely affect the portfolio’s profitability include, but are not limited to: a significant number of our tenants are unable to meet their obligations; increases in non-recoverable operating and ownership costs; • • • we are unable to lease space at our properties when the space becomes available; • the rental rates upon a renewal or a new lease are significantly lower than prior rents or do not increase sufficiently to cover increases in operating and ownership costs; the providing of lease concessions, such as free or discounted rents and tenant improvement allowances; and the discovery of hazardous or toxic substances, or other environmental, culturally-sensitive, or related issues at the property. • • The bankruptcy or loss of key tenants in our commercial real estate portfolio may adversely affect our cash flows and profitability. We may derive significant cash flows and earnings from certain key tenants. If one or more of these tenants declares bankruptcy or voluntarily vacates from the leased premise and we are unable to re-lease such space or to re-lease it on comparable or more favorable terms, we may be adversely impacted. Additionally, we may be further adversely impacted by an impairment or “write-down” of intangible assets, such as lease-in-place value, favorable lease asset, or a deferred asset related to straight-line lease rent, associated with a tenant bankruptcy or vacancy. A shift in retail shopping from brick and mortar stores to online shopping may have an adverse impact on our cash flow, financial condition and results of operations. Many retailers operating brick and mortar stores have made online sales an important part of their business. Although many of the retailers operating at our properties sell groceries and other necessity-based soft goods or provide services, including entertainment and dining options, the shift to online shopping may cause declines in brick and mortar sales generated by certain of our tenants and/or may cause certain of our tenants to reduce the size or number of their retail locations in the future. As a result, our cash flow, financial condition and results of operations could be adversely affected. We may be unable to renew leases, lease vacant space, or re-lease space as leases expire, thereby increasing or prolonging vacancies, which could adversely affect our financial condition, results of operations, and cash flows. We may not be able to renew leases, lease vacant space, or re-let space as leases expire. In addition, we may need to offer substantial rent abatements, tenant improvements, early termination rights, or below-market renewal options to retain existing tenants or attract new tenants. If the rental rates for our properties decrease, our existing tenants do not renew their leases, or we do not re-let our available space, our financial condition, results of operations, and cash flows could be adversely affected. Increases in operating expenses could adversely affect our operating results. Our operating expenses include, but are not limited to, property taxes, insurance, utilities, repairs, and the maintenance of the common areas of our commercial real estate. We may experience increases in our operating expenses, some or all of which may be out of our control. Most of our leases require that tenants pay for a share of property taxes, insurance, and common area maintenance costs. However, if any property is not fully occupied, or if recovery income from tenants is not sufficient to cover operating expenses, then we could be required to expend our own funds for operating expenses. In addition, we may be unable to renew leases or negotiate new leases with terms requiring our tenants to pay all the property tax, insurance, and common area maintenance costs that tenants currently pay, which could adversely affect our operating results. Our retail centers may depend on anchor stores or major tenants to attract shoppers and could be adversely affected by the loss of, or a store closure by, one or more of these tenants. 18 Some of our retail centers are anchored by large tenants. At any time, our tenants may experience a downturn in their business that may significantly weaken their financial condition. As a result, our tenants, including our anchor and other major tenants, may fail to comply with their contractual obligations to us, seek concessions in order to continue operations, or declare bankruptcy, any of which could result in the termination of such tenants’ leases and the loss of rental income attributable to the terminated leases. In addition, certain of our tenants may cease operations while continuing to pay rent, which could decrease customer traffic, thereby decreasing sales for our other tenants at the applicable retail property. In addition, mergers or consolidations among retail establishments could result in the closure of existing stores or the duplication or geographic overlapping of store locations, which could include stores at our retail centers. Loss of, or a store closure by, an anchor store or major tenant could significantly reduce our occupancy level or the rent that we receive from our retail centers. We may be unable to re-lease vacated space or to re-lease it on comparable or more favorable terms, or at all. In the event of default by an anchor store or major tenant, we may experience delays and costs in enforcing our rights as landlord to recover amounts due to us under the terms of our agreements with such parties. Certain of our leases at our retail centers contain “co-tenancy” or “go-dark” provisions, which, if triggered, may allow tenants to pay reduced rent, cease operations, or terminate their leases, which could adversely affect our performance or the value of the applicable retail property. Certain of the leases at our retail centers contain “co-tenancy” provisions that establish conditions related to a tenant’s obligation to remain open, the amount of rent payable by the tenant, or a tenant’s obligation to continue occupying space, including (i) the presence of a certain anchor tenant, (ii) the continued operation of an anchor tenant’s store, and (iii) minimum occupancy levels at the applicable retail center. If a co-tenancy provision is triggered by a failure of any of these conditions, a tenant could have the right to cease operations, to terminate its lease early, or to a reduction of its rent. In addition to these co-tenancy provisions, certain of the leases at our retail centers contain “go-dark” provisions that allow the tenant to cease operations while continuing to pay rent. This could result in decreased customer traffic at the applicable retail center, thereby decreasing sales for our other tenants at such retail center, which may result in our other tenants being unable to pay their minimum rents or expense recovery charges. Such provisions may also result in lower rental revenue generated under the applicable leases. To the extent co-tenancy or go-dark provisions in our leases result in lower revenue or tenant sales, tenants’ rights to terminate their leases early, or to a reduction of their rent, our performance or the value of the applicable retail center could be adversely affected. We are subject to risks that affect the general retail environment, such as weakness in the economy, the level of consumer spending, the adverse financial condition of retailing companies, and competition from discount and internet retailers, which could adversely affect market rents for retail space and the willingness or ability of retailers to lease space in our retail center. As of December 31, 2019, the Company owned twenty-two retail centers. The retail environment and the market for retail space could be adversely affected by weakness in the local and broader economy, the level of consumer spending and consumer confidence, the adverse financial condition of large retail companies, consolidation in the retail sector, excess amount of retail space, and increasing competition from discount retailers, outlet malls, internet retailers, and other online businesses. Our financial results are significantly influenced by the economic growth and strength of Hawai‘i. All of our redevelopment and development-for-hold activity, and all of our improved properties and ground leases in our commercial real estate portfolio, are in Hawai‘i. Consequently, the growth and strength of Hawai‘i’s economy has a significant impact on the demand for our real estate development projects. As a result, any adverse change to the growth or health of Hawai‘i’s economy could have an adverse effect on our commercial real estate business. The value of our development-for-hold projects and commercial properties is affected by a number of factors. We have significant investments in various commercial real estate properties and development-for-hold projects. Weakness in the real estate sector, especially in Hawai‘i, difficulty in obtaining or renewing project-level financing, and changes in our investment and redevelopment and development-for-hold strategy, among other factors, may affect the fair value of these real estate assets. If the undiscounted cash flows of our commercial properties, or redevelopment or development-for-hold projects, were to decline below the carrying value of those assets, we would be required to recognize an impairment loss if the fair value of those assets were below their carrying value. We may be unable to identify and complete acquisitions of properties that meet our criteria, which may impede our growth. Our business strategy involves the acquisition of retail, office, industrial, and other properties. These activities require us to identify suitable acquisition candidates or investment opportunities that meet our criteria. We evaluate the market of available properties and may attempt to acquire properties when strategic opportunities exist. We may be unable to acquire properties that 19 we have identified as potential acquisition opportunities due to various factors, including but not limited to, the inability to (i) negotiate terms agreeable to the parties involved, (ii) satisfy conditions to closing, or (iii) finance the acquisition on favorable terms, or at all. In addition, we may incur significant costs and divert management attention in connection with evaluating and negotiating potential acquisitions, including ones that we are subsequently not able to complete. If we are unable to acquire properties on favorable terms, or at all, our financial condition, results of operations, and cash flow could be adversely affected. We face competition for the acquisition and development of real estate properties, which may impede our ability to grow our operations or may increase the cost of these activities. We compete with many other entities for the acquisition of commercial real estate and land suitable for new developments, including other REITs, private institutional investors, and other owner-operators of commercial real estate. Larger REITs may enjoy competitive advantages that result from, among other things, a lower cost of capital. These competitors may increase the market prices we would have to pay in order to acquire properties. If we are unable to acquire properties that meet our criteria at prices we deem reasonable, our ability to grow may be adversely affected. We are subject to risks associated with real estate construction and development. Our redevelopment and development-for-hold projects are subject to risks relating to our ability to complete our projects on time and on budget. Factors that may result in a development project exceeding budget or being prevented from completion include, but are not limited to: • • • • • • • • • • • our inability to secure sufficient financing or insurance on favorable terms, or at all; construction delays, defects, or cost overruns, which may increase project development costs; an increase in commodity or construction costs, including labor costs; the discovery of hazardous or toxic substances, or other environmental, culturally-sensitive, or related issues; an inability to obtain, or a significant delay in obtaining, zoning, construction, occupancy and other required governmental permits and authorizations; difficulty in complying with local, city, county and state rules and regulations regarding permitting, zoning, subdivision, utilities, and water quality, as well as federal rules and regulations regarding air and water quality and protection of endangered species and their habitats; insufficient infrastructure capacity or availability (e.g., water, sewer and roads) to serve the needs of our projects; an inability to secure tenants necessary to support the project or maintain compliance with debt covenants; failure to achieve or sustain anticipated occupancy levels; condemnation of all or parts of development or operating properties, which could adversely affect the value or viability of such projects; and instability in the financial industry could reduce the availability of financing. Significant instability in the financial industry like that experienced during the financial crisis of 2008-2009, may result in, among other things, declining property values and increasing defaults on loans. This, in turn, could lead to increased regulations, tightened credit requirements, reduced liquidity and increased credit risk premiums for virtually all borrowers. Deterioration in the credit environment may also impact us in other ways, including the credit or solvency of vendors, tenants, or joint venture partners, the ability of partners to fund their financial obligations to joint ventures and our access to mortgage financing for our own properties. Commercial real estate investments are relatively illiquid. Real estate investments are relatively illiquid. Our ability to promptly sell one or more properties in our portfolio in response to changing economic, financial and investment conditions is limited. The real estate market is affected by many factors, such as general economic conditions, supply and demand, availability of financing, interest rates, and other factors that are beyond our control. We cannot be certain that we will be able to sell any property for the price and other terms we seek, or that any price or other terms offered by a prospective purchaser would be acceptable to us. We also cannot estimate with certainty the length of time needed to find a willing purchaser and to complete the sale of a property. Factors that impede our ability to dispose of properties could adversely affect our financial condition and operating results. 20 Risks Relating to Our Land Operations Segment We are subject to risks associated with real estate construction and development. Our development-for-sale projects are subject to risks that are similar to those described in the “We are subject to risks associated with real estate construction and development” risk factor above, under the “Risks Relating to Our Commercial Real Estate Segment” section. Significant instability in the financial industry, like that experienced during the financial crisis of 2008-2009, may result in, among other things, declining property values and increasing defaults on loans. This, in turn, could lead to increased regulations, tightened credit requirements, reduced liquidity and increased credit risk premiums for virtually all borrowers. Fewer loan products and strict loan qualifications make it more difficult for borrowers to finance the purchase of units in our projects. Additionally, more stringent requirements to obtain financing for buyers of commercial properties make it significantly more difficult for us to sell commercial properties and may negatively impact the sales prices and other terms of such sales. Deterioration in the credit environment may also impact us in other ways, including the credit or solvency of customers, vendors, or joint venture partners, the ability of partners to fund their financial obligations to joint ventures and our access to mortgage financing for our own properties. Governmental entities have adopted or may adopt regulatory requirements that may restrict our development activity. We are subject to extensive and complex laws and regulations that affect the land development process, including laws and regulations related to zoning and permitted land uses. Government entities have adopted or may approve regulations or laws that could negatively impact the availability of land and development opportunities within those areas. It is possible that increasingly stringent requirements will be imposed on developers in the future that could adversely affect our ability to develop projects in the affected markets or could require that we satisfy additional administrative and regulatory requirements, which could delay development progress or increase the development costs to us. Real estate development projects are subject to warranty and construction defect claims, in the ordinary course of business, that can be significant. In our development-for-sale projects, we are subject to warranty and construction defect claims arising in the ordinary course of business. The amounts payable under these claims, both in legal fees and remedying any construction defects, can be significant and could exceed the profits made from the project. As a consequence, we may maintain liability insurance, obtain indemnities and certificates of insurance from contractors generally covering claims related to workmanship and materials, and create warranty and other reserves for projects based on historical experience and qualitative risks associated with the type of project built. Because of the uncertainties inherent in these matters, we cannot provide any assurance that our insurance coverage, contractor arrangements and reserves will be adequate to address some or all of our warranty and construction defect claims in the future. For example, contractual indemnities may be difficult to enforce, we may be responsible for applicable self-insured retentions, and certain claims may not be covered by insurance or may exceed applicable coverage limits. Additionally, the coverage offered, and the availability of liability insurance for construction defects, could be limited or costly. Accordingly, we cannot provide any assurance that such coverage will be adequate, available at an acceptable cost, or available at all. We are involved in joint ventures and subject to risks associated with joint venture relationships. We are involved in joint venture relationships and may initiate future joint venture projects. A joint venture involves certain risks, such as, among others: • we may not have voting control over the joint venture; • we may not be able to maintain good relationships with our venture partners; • • • • the venture partner, at any time, may have economic or business interests that are inconsistent with our economic or business interests; the venture partner may fail to fund its share of capital for operations and development activities or to fulfill its other commitments, including providing accurate and timely accounting and financial information to us; the joint venture or venture partner could lose key personnel; the venture partner could become insolvent, requiring us to assume all risks and capital requirements related to the joint venture project, and any resulting bankruptcy proceedings could have an adverse impact on the operation of the project or the joint venture; and • we may be required to perform on guarantees we have provided, or agree to provide in the future, related to the completion of a joint venture’s construction and development of a project, joint venture indebtedness, or on indemnification of a third party serving as surety for a joint venture’s bonds for such completion. 21 Our financial results are significantly influenced by the economic growth and strength of Hawai‘i. Virtually all of our real estate development activity is conducted in Hawai‘i. Consequently, the growth and strength of Hawai‘i’s economy has a significant impact on the demand for our real estate development projects. As a result, any adverse change to the growth or health of Hawai‘i’s economy could have an adverse effect on our real estate business. The value of our development projects and/or our joint venture investments is affected by a number of factors. We have significant investments in various development projects and joint venture investments. Weakness in the real estate sector, especially in Hawai‘i, difficulty in obtaining or renewing project-level financing, difficulty in obtaining governmental permits and authorizations, difficulty in securing infrastructure capacity or availability (e.g., water, sewer, and roads), and changes in our investment and development strategy, among other factors, may affect the fair value of these real estate assets owned by us or by our joint ventures. If the fair value of our joint venture development projects were to decline below the carrying value of those assets, and that decline was other-than-temporary, we would be required to recognize an impairment loss. Additionally, if the undiscounted cash flows of our development projects were to decline below the carrying value of those assets, we would be required to recognize an impairment loss if the fair value of those assets were below their carrying value. Our ability to use or lease agricultural lands for agricultural purposes may be limited by government regulation. Given the large scale of our agricultural landholdings on Kauai, many of the third parties to whom we lease land for agricultural purposes may be characterized as large scale commercial agricultural operations. Legislation passed on Kauai placed restrictions on the ability of such operations to use land within specified distances of highways, schools, oceans, streams, residences, parks, care homes, hospitals and other similar uses, to grow crops other than ground cover. This legislation also put significant restrictions regarding, and public notification obligations concerning, pesticide use on such operations and limited their ability to use genetically modified organism (GMO) crops. In November 2016, the Kauai legislation was invalidated by the courts. If additional legislative agricultural restrictions are passed, such as restrictions on the use of pesticides, our ability to use or lease lands for large scale agricultural purposes, and any rents that we can achieve for those lands, may be adversely affected. Agricultural land is illiquid and difficult to value. Even if qualified farm lessees can be identified and engaged in leases, agricultural operations are high risk by nature and turnover can be expected. From a landlord’s perspective, agricultural leases produce only modest rents that could imply a valuation of the land that could materially understate other methods of appraising asset value. Our power sales contracts could be replaced on less favorable terms or may not be replaced. Our power sales contracts expire at various points in the future and may not be replaced or could be replaced on less favorable terms, which could adversely affect Land Operations profitability. The market for power sales in Hawai‘i is limited. The power distribution systems in Hawai‘i are small and island-specific; currently, there is no ability to move power generated on one island to any other island. In addition, Hawai‘i law generally limits the ability of independent power producers, such as us, to sell their output to firms other than the respective utilities on each island, without themselves becoming utilities and subject to the State’s Public Utilities Commission (PUC) regulation. Further, any sales of electricity by us to the utilities on each island are subject to the approval of the PUC. Unlike some areas in the Mainland, Hawai‘i’s independent power producers have no ability to use utility infrastructure to transfer power to other locations. The lack of water for agricultural irrigation could adversely affect the operations and profitability of the Land Operations segment. It is crucial to have access to sufficient, reliable and affordable sources of water in order to conduct sustainable agricultural activity on our lands. Existing infrastructure serving these agricultural lands rely on the collection and transmission of surface waters. If the ability to divert surface waters for agricultural use is limited or there is insufficient rainfall on an extended basis, this would have a significant, adverse effect on the utility of the land and our ability to employ the land in active agricultural use. On Maui and Kauai, where our agricultural lands are located, there are regulatory and legal challenges to water diversion from streams. Water availability also is critical to the successful implementation of farming plans on those lands purchased from us by Mahi Pono Holdings LLC ("Mahi Pono") in conjunction with our sale of certain agricultural landholdings on Maui (the "Agricultural Land Sale"). As described in our public filings associated with that sale, as well as Note 21 to the consolidated financial statements, 22 if Mahi Pono is unable to secure sufficient water to support the agricultural plans for which it purchased the lands, this could trigger certain financial obligations. Governmental entities have adopted or may adopt regulatory requirements related to our dams, reservoirs, and other water infrastructure that may adversely affect our operations. We are subject to inspections and regulations that apply to certain of our dams, reservoirs, and other water infrastructure. Certain of these facilities have deficiencies noted by the State of Hawai‘i, which we are working with the regulators to resolve. It is possible that current or future requirements imposed on landowners and dam owners/operators may require that we satisfy additional administrative and regulatory requirements and thereby increase the holding costs to us and/or decrease the operational utility of the subject facilities. Risks Relating to Our Materials & Construction Segment Our Materials & Construction segment’s revenue growth and profitability are dependent on factors outside of our control. Our Materials & Construction segment’s ability to grow its revenues and improve profitability is dependent on factors outside of our control, which include, but are not limited to: • • • • • • • decreased government funding for infrastructure projects (see the “Economic downturns or reductions in government funding of infrastructure projects could reduce our revenues and profits from our materials and construction businesses” risk factor below); reduced spending by private sector customers resulting from poor economic conditions in Hawai‘i; an increased number of competitors; less success in competitive bidding for contracts; a decline in transportation and logistical costs, which may result in customers purchasing material from sources located outside of Hawai‘i in a more cost-efficient manner; limitations on access to necessary working capital and investment capital to sustain growth; and inability to hire and retain essential personnel and to acquire equipment to support growth. Economic downturns or reductions in government funding of infrastructure projects could reduce our revenues and profits from our materials and construction businesses. The segment’s products are used in public infrastructure projects, which include the construction, maintenance and improvement of highways, streets, roads, airport runways and similar projects. Our materials and construction businesses, including our aggregates business, are highly dependent on the amount and timing of infrastructure work funded by various governmental entities, which, in turn, depends on the overall condition of the economy, the need for new or replacement infrastructure, the priorities placed on various projects funded by governmental entities and federal, state or local government spending levels. We cannot be assured of the existence, amount and timing of appropriations for spending on these and other future projects, including state and federal spending on roads and highways. Spending on infrastructure could decline for numerous reasons, including decreased revenues received by state and local governments for spending on such projects (including federal funding), and other competing priorities for available state, local and federal funds. State spending on highway and other projects can be adversely affected by decreases or delays in, or uncertainties regarding, federal highway funding. The segment is reliant upon contracts with the City and County of Honolulu, the State of Hawai‘i and the Federal Government for a significant portion of its revenues. If revenues and profits are impacted by economic downturns or reductions in government funding, the segment’s long-lived assets and goodwill may become impaired. We may face community opposition to the operation or expansion of quarries or other facilities. Quarries and other segment facilities require special and conditional use permits to operate. Permitting and licensing applications and proceedings and regulatory enforcement proceedings are all matters open to public scrutiny and comment. In addition, the Makakilo quarry is adjacent to residential areas and heavy equipment and explosives are used in the mining process. As a result, from time to time, our Materials & Construction segment operations may be subject to community opposition and adverse publicity that may have a negative effect on operations and delay or limit any future expansion or development of segment operations. Significant contracts may be canceled, or we may be disqualified from bidding for new contracts. Governmental entities typically have the right to cancel their contracts with our construction businesses at any time with payment generally only for the work already completed plus a negotiated compensatory overhead recovery amount. In addition, 23 our construction businesses could be prohibited from bidding on certain governmental contracts if we fail to maintain qualifications required by those entities, such as maintaining an acceptable safety record. If our materials and construction businesses are unable to accurately estimate the overall risks, requirements or costs when bidding on or negotiating a contract that we are ultimately awarded, the segment may achieve a lower than anticipated profit or incur a loss on the contract. The majority of the Materials & Construction segment’s revenues are derived from “quantity pricing” (fixed unit price) contracts. Quantity pricing contracts require the provision of line-item materials at a fixed unit price based on approved quantities irrespective of actual per unit costs. Expected profits on contracts are realized only if costs are accurately estimated and then successfully controlled. If cost estimates for a contract are inaccurate, or if the contract is not performed within cost estimates, then cost overruns may result in losses or cause the contract not to be as profitable as expected. If our materials and construction businesses are unable to attract and retain key personnel and skilled labor, or encounter labor difficulties, the ability to bid for and successfully complete contracts may be negatively impacted. The ability to attract and retain reliable, qualified personnel is a significant factor that enables our materials and construction businesses to successfully bid for and profitably complete their work. This includes members of management, project managers, estimators, supervisors, and foremen. The segment’s future success also will depend on its ability to hire, train and retain, or to attract, when needed, highly skilled management personnel. If competition for these employees is intense, it could be difficult to hire and retain the personnel necessary to support operations. If we do not succeed in retaining our current employees and attracting, developing and retaining new highly skilled employees, segment operations and future earnings may be negatively impacted. A majority of segment personnel are unionized. Any work stoppage or other labor dispute involving unionized workforce, or inability to renew contracts with the unions, could have an adverse effect on operations. Our construction and construction-related businesses may fail to meet schedule or performance requirements of our paving contracts. Asphalt paving contracts have penalties for late completion. In most instances, projects must be completed within an allotted number of business or calendar days from the time the notice to proceed is received, subject to allowances for additional days due to weather delays or additional work requested by the customer. If our construction businesses subsequently fail to complete the project as scheduled, we may be responsible for contractually agreed-upon liquidated damages, an amount assessed per day beyond the contractually allotted days, at the discretion of the customer. Under these circumstances, the total project cost could exceed original estimates and could result in a loss of profit or a loss on the project. Additionally, our construction businesses enter into lump sum and quantity pricing contracts where profits can be adversely affected by a number of factors beyond our control, which can cause actual costs to materially exceed the costs estimated at the time of our original bid. Timing of the award and performance of new contracts could have an adverse effect on Materials & Construction segment operating results and cash flow. It is generally very difficult to predict whether and when bids for new projects will be offered for tender, as these projects frequently involve a lengthy and complex design and bidding process, which is affected by a number of factors, such as market conditions, funding arrangements and governmental approvals. Because of these factors, segment results of operations and cash flows may fluctuate from quarter to quarter and year to year, and the fluctuation may be substantial. The uncertainty of the timing of contract awards after a winning bid is submitted may also present difficulties in matching the size of equipment fleet and work crews with contract needs. In some cases, our materials and construction businesses may maintain and bear the cost of more equipment than is currently required, in anticipation of future needs for existing contracts or expected future contracts. In addition, the timing of the revenues, earnings and cash flows from contracts can be delayed by a number of factors, including delays in receiving material and equipment from suppliers and services from subcontractors and changes in the scope of work to be performed. 24 Dependence on a limited number of customers could adversely affect our materials and construction businesses and results of operations. Due to the size and nature of the segment’s construction contracts, one or a few customers, such as the Federal Government, the State of Hawai‘i, and the various counties in Hawai‘i, have in the past and may in the future represent a substantial portion of consolidated segment revenues and gross profits in any one year or over a period of several consecutive years. Similarly, segment backlog frequently reflects multiple contracts for certain customers; therefore, one customer may comprise a significant percentage of backlog at a certain point in time. The loss of business from any such customer, or a default or delay in payment on a significant scale by a customer, could have an adverse effect on our materials and construction businesses or results of operations. Our materials and construction businesses are likely to require more capital over the longer term. The property and machinery needed to produce aggregate products and perform asphaltic concrete paving contracts are expensive. Although capital needs over the next five years are expected to be relatively modest, over the longer term, our materials and construction businesses may require increasing annual capital expenditures. The segment’s ability to generate sufficient cash flow to fund these expenditures depends on future performance, which will be subject to general economic conditions, industry cycles and financial, business, and other factors affecting operations, many of which are beyond our control. If the segment is unable to generate sufficient cash to operate its businesses, it may be required, among other things, to further reduce or delay planned capital or operating expenditures. An inability to obtain bonding could limit the aggregate dollar amount of contracts that our materials and construction businesses are able to pursue. As is customary in the construction industry, we may be required to provide surety bonds to our customers to secure our performance under construction contracts. Our ability to obtain surety bonds primarily depends upon our capitalization, working capital, past performance, management expertise and reputation and certain external factors, including the overall capacity of the surety market. Surety companies consider such factors in relationship to the amount of backlog and their underwriting standards, which may change from time to time. Events that adversely affect the insurance and bonding markets generally may result in bonding becoming more difficult to obtain in the future, or being available only at a significantly greater cost. The inability to obtain adequate bonding would limit the amount that our construction businesses are able to bid on new contracts and could have an adverse effect on the segment’s future revenues and business prospects. Our Materials & Construction segment operations are subject to hazards that may cause personal injury or property damage, thereby subjecting us to liabilities and possible losses, which may not be covered by insurance. Segment employees are subject to the usual hazards associated with performing construction activities on road construction sites, plants and quarries. Operating hazards can cause personal injury and loss of life, damage to or destruction of property, plant and equipment and environmental damage. We maintain general liability and excess liability insurance, workers’ compensation insurance, auto insurance and other types of insurance, all in amounts consistent with our materials and construction businesses’ risk of loss and industry practice, but this insurance may not be adequate to cover all losses or liabilities incurred in operations. Insurance liabilities are difficult to assess and quantify due to unknown factors, including the severity of an injury, the determination of liability in proportion to other parties, the number of incidents not reported and the effectiveness of the segment’s safety program. If insurance claims or costs were above our estimates, our materials and construction businesses might be required to use working capital to satisfy these claims, which could impact their ability to maintain or expand their operations. Environmental and other regulatory matters could adversely affect our materials and construction businesses’ ability to conduct business and could require significant expenditures. Segment operations are subject to various environmental laws and regulations relating to the management, disposal and remediation of hazardous substances, climate change and the emission and discharge of pollutants into the air and water. Our materials and construction businesses could be held liable for such contamination created not only from their own activities but also from the historical activities of others on properties that the segment acquires or leases. Segment operations are also subject to laws and regulations relating to workplace safety and worker health, which, among other things, regulate employee exposure to hazardous substances. Violations of such laws and regulations could subject us to substantial fines and penalties, cleanup costs, third-party property damage or personal injury claims. In addition, these laws and regulations have become, and enforcement practices and compliance standards are becoming, increasingly stringent. Moreover, we cannot predict the nature, scope or effect of legislation or regulatory requirements that could be imposed, or how existing or future laws or regulations will be administered or interpreted, with respect to products or activities to which they have not been previously applied. Compliance with more stringent laws or regulations, as well as more vigorous enforcement policies of the regulatory agencies, could require substantial expenditures 25 for, among other things, equipment not currently possessed, or the acquisition or modification of permits applicable to segment activities. Short supplies and volatility in the costs of fuel, energy and raw materials may adversely affect our materials and construction businesses. Our materials and construction businesses require a continued supply of diesel fuel, electricity and other energy sources for production and transportation. The financial results of these businesses have at times been affected by the high costs of these energy sources. Significant increases in costs, or reduced availability of these energy sources, have and may in the future reduce financial results. Moreover, fluctuations in the supply and costs of these energy sources can make planning business operations more difficult. We do not hedge our fuel price risk, but instead focus on volume-related price reductions, fuel efficiency, alternative fuel sources, consumption and the natural hedge created by the ability to increase aggregates prices. Similarly, segment operations also require a continued supply of liquid asphalt, which serves as a key raw material in the production of asphaltic concrete. Liquid asphalt is subject to potential supply constraints and significant price fluctuations, which are generally correlated to the price of crude oil, though not as closely as diesel or gasoline, and are beyond the control of our materials and construction businesses. Accordingly, significant increases in the price of crude oil will have an adverse impact on the financial results of the Materials & Construction segment due to higher costs of production of asphaltic concrete. Conversely, significant declines in the price of oil had, and in the future may have, an adverse impact on our material and construction sales of liquid asphalt concrete, due to lower costs of importing asphalt to Hawai‘i, which may result in customers sourcing liquid asphalt from competition located outside of Hawai‘i. ITEM 1B. UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS None. ITEM 3. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS The information set forth under the "Legal Proceedings and Other Contingencies" section in Note 14 of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements, included in Part II, Item 8 of this report, is incorporated herein by reference. ITEM 4. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES The information concerning mine safety violations or other regulatory matters required by Section 1503(a) of the Dodd- Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act and Item 104 of Regulation S-K (17 CFR 229.104) is included in Exhibit 95 to this Annual Report on Form 10-K. 26 PART II ITEM 5. MARKET FOR REGISTRANT’S COMMON EQUITY, RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS AND ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES The Company's common stock is listed on the New York Stock Exchange under the ticker symbol ALEX. As of February 14, 2020, there were approximately 2,035 shareholders of record. In addition, Cede & Co., which appears as a single record holder, represents the holdings of thousands of beneficial owners of A&B stock. The graph below compares the cumulative total return on the Company's common stock with that of the Standard & Poor's 500 Stock Index ("S&P 500") and two industry peer group indices, FTSE Nareit All Equity REITs and FTSE Nareit Equity Shopping Centers, from December 31, 2014 through December 31, 2019. The stock price performance graph assumes that an investor invested $100 in each of A&B and the indices, and the reinvestment of any dividends. The comparisons in the graph are provided in accordance with the SEC disclosure requirements and are not intended to forecast or be indicative of the future performance of A&B's shares of common stock. Trading volume averaged 304,596 shares a day in 2019, 353,100 shares a day in 2018, and 213,206 shares a day in 2017. A&B common stock is included in the Russell 2000 Index, Russell 3000 Index, and the S&P SmallCap 600 Index. 27 Securities authorized for issuance under equity compensation plans at December 31, 2019, included: Number of securities to be issued upon exercise of outstanding options, warrants and rights (a)1 Weighted-average exercise price of outstanding options, warrants and rights (b)1 Number of securities remaining available for future issuance under equity compensation plans (excluding securities reflected in column (a)) (c)2 352,200 $13.95 1,511,986 Plan Category Equity compensation plans approved by security holders 1 Number of securities reflects the antidilutive adjustments to outstanding stock option awards, including the number of stock options and the weighted average price for such awards. 2 Under the 2012 Incentive Compensation Plan, 1,511,986 shares may be issued either as restricted stock grants, restricted stock unit grants, or stock option grants. There were no unregistered equity securities sold by the Company during 2019. There were no purchases of equity securities made by the Company during the fourth quarter of fiscal year 2019. 28 ITEM 6. SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA The following should be read in conjunction with Item 7, “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” and Item 8, “Financial Statements and Supplementary Data.” (in millions, except per share amounts) 20196 Year Ended December 31, 20186 2017 2016 2015 Operating Revenue: Commercial Real Estate Land Operations Materials & Construction Total operating revenue Operating Costs and Expenses: Cost of Commercial Real Estate Cost of Land Operations Cost of Materials & Construction Selling, general and administrative REIT evaluation/conversion costs1 Impairment of assets2 Total operating costs and expenses Gain (loss) on the sale of commercial real estate properties Operating Income (Loss) Other Income and (Expenses): Income (loss) related to joint ventures Impairment of equity method investments3 Interest and other income (expense), net Interest expense Income (Loss) from Continuing Operations Before Income Taxes Income tax benefit (expense) Income (Loss) from Continuing Operations Income (loss) from discontinued operations, net of income taxes Net Income (Loss) Loss (income) attributable to noncontrolling interest $ 160.6 $ 140.3 $ 136.9 $ 134.7 $ 133.6 114.1 160.5 435.2 89.0 92.5 159.4 58.9 — 49.7 449.5 — (14.3) 5.3 — 3.2 (33.1) (38.9) 2.0 (36.9) (1.5) (38.4) 2.0 289.5 214.6 644.4 77.2 117.1 188.1 61.2 — 79.4 523.0 51.4 172.8 (4.1) (188.6) 2.3 (35.3) (52.9) (16.3) (69.2) (0.6) (69.8) (2.2) 84.5 204.1 425.5 75.5 60.4 166.1 66.4 15.2 22.4 406.0 9.3 28.8 7.2 — (0.5) (25.6) 9.9 218.2 228.1 2.4 230.5 (2.2) 61.9 190.9 387.5 79.0 35.0 154.5 52.0 9.5 11.7 341.7 8.1 53.9 19.2 — (11.5) (26.3) 35.3 (2.6) 32.7 (41.1) (8.4) (1.8) 120.2 219.0 472.8 80.4 71.1 175.7 51.6 — — 378.8 (1.8) 92.2 36.8 — (5.1) (26.8) 97.1 (36.3) 60.8 (29.7) 31.1 (1.5) Net Income (Loss) Attributable to A&B Shareholders $ (36.4) $ (72.0) $ 228.3 $ (10.2) $ 29.6 Capital expenditures4,5 Depreciation and amortization5 $ 255.1 $ 296.1 $ 50.5 $ 42.8 $ $ 42.5 41.4 $ 119.6 $ 119.5 $ $ 44.7 55.7 Earnings (Loss) Per Share Available to A&B Shareholders: Basic Earnings (Loss) Per Share of Common Stock: Continuing operations available to A&B shareholders Discontinued operations available to A&B shareholders Net income (loss) available to A&B shareholders Diluted Earnings (Loss) Per Share of Common Stock: Continuing operations available to A&B shareholders Discontinued operations available to A&B shareholders Net income (loss) available to A&B shareholders Cash dividends declared per common share $ $ $ $ $ (0.49) $ (1.01) $ (0.02) (0.01) (0.51) $ (1.02) $ (0.49) $ (1.01) $ (0.02) (0.01) (0.51) $ (1.02) $ 4.63 0.05 4.68 4.30 0.04 4.34 0.69 $ — $ 4.48 $ $ $ $ $ 0.66 $ 1.15 (0.84) (0.61) (0.18) $ 0.54 0.65 $ 1.14 (0.83) (0.60) (0.18) $ 0.54 0.25 $ 0.21 29 (in millions) Consolidated balance sheet data: Total assets Total liabilities Notes payable and other debt Redeemable noncontrolling interest Total equity (includes noncontrolling interest)7 December 31, 20196 20186 2017 2016 2015 $ 2,084.3 $ 2,225.2 $ 2,231.2 $ 2,156.3 $ 2,242.3 $ 949.3 $ 1,009.0 $ 1,572.1 $ 932.3 $ 1,003.6 $ 704.6 $ 778.1 $ 631.2 $ 515.1 $ 588.2 $ 6.3 $ 7.9 $ 8.0 $ 10.8 $ 11.6 $ 1,128.7 $ 1,208.3 $ 651.1 $ 1,213.2 $ 1,227.1 1 Costs related to the Company's in-depth evaluation of, and conversion to, a REIT. 2 During the year ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, the Company recorded non-cash impairment charges primarily related to the Materials & Construction segment. During the year ended December 31, 2017, the Company recorded non-cash impairment charges related to three mainland commercial properties classified as held for sale at December 31, 2017. During the year ended December 31, 2016, the Company recorded non-cash impairment charges related to certain non-active, long-term development projects in its Land Operations segment. 3During the year ended December 31, 2018, the Company recorded a non-cash impairment charge related to its investment in Kukui‘ula due to the Company changing its strategy and no longer intending to hold its investment through the duration of the project. 4 Excludes capital expenditures for real estate developments to be held and sold as real estate development inventory, which are classified in the consolidated statement of cash flows as operating activities. 5 2016 and 2015 amounts include capital expenditures related to discontinued operations. 6 2019 and 2018 amounts are presented on a different basis from prior periods due to the adoption of ASC 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers, using the modified retrospective transition method. 7 2018 amounts are reflective of the early adoption of ASU 2018-02, Income Statement - Reporting Comprehensive Income (Topic 220): Reclassification of Certain Tax Effects from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income. 30 ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS Statements in this Form 10-K that are not historical facts are forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 that involve a number of risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ materially from those contemplated by the relevant forward-looking statements. These forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to, statements regarding possible or assumed future results of operations, business strategies, growth opportunities and competitive positions. Such forward-looking statements speak only as of the date the statements were made and are not guarantees of future performance. Forward-looking statements are subject to a number of risks, uncertainties, assumptions and other factors that could cause actual results and the timing of certain events to differ materially from those expressed in or implied by the forward-looking statements. These factors include, but are not limited to, those discussed in Part I, Item 1A of this Form 10-K under the heading "Risk Factors." The information in this Form 10-K should be evaluated in light of these important risk factors. The Company does not undertake any obligation to update any forward-looking statements. The risk factors discussed in "Risk Factors" could cause our results to differ materially from those expressed in forward- looking statements. There may be other risks and uncertainties that we are unable to predict at this time or that we currently do not expect to have a material adverse effect on our financial position, results of operations or cash flows. Any such risks could cause our results to differ materially from those expressed in forward-looking statements. INTRODUCTION Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations ("MD&A") provides additional information about the Company's business, recent developments, financial condition, liquidity and capital resources, cash flows, results of operations and how certain accounting principles, policies and estimates affect our financial statements. MD&A is organized as follows: • Business Overview: This section provides a general description of the Company's business, as well as recent developments that management believes are important in understanding its results of operations and financial condition or in understanding anticipated future trends. • Critical Accounting Estimates: This section identifies and summarizes those accounting policies that significantly impact the Company's reported results of operations and financial condition and require significant judgment or estimates on the part of management in their application. • Consolidated Results of Operations: This section provides an analysis of the Company's consolidated results of operations. • Analysis of Operating Revenue and Profit by Segment: This section provides an analysis of the Company's results of operations by business segment. • Liquidity and Capital Resources: This section provides a discussion of the Company's financial condition and an analysis of its cash flows, as well as a discussion of the Company's ability to fund its future commitments and ongoing operating activities through internal and external sources of capital. • Contractual Obligations, Commitments, Contingencies and Off-Balance-Sheet Arrangements: This section provides a discussion of the Company’s contractual obligations and other commitments and contingencies that existed at December 31, 2019. • Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk: This section discusses how the Company monitors and manages exposure to potential gains and losses associated with changes in interest rates. This section of this Form 10-K generally discusses 2019 and 2018 items and year-to-year comparisons between 2019 and 2018. Discussions of 2017 items and year-to-year comparisons between 2018 and 2017 that are not included in this Form 10- K can be found in "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations" in Part II, Item 7 of the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018. Amounts in the MD&A are rounded to the nearest tenth of a million. Accordingly, a recalculation of totals and percentages, if based on the reported data, may be slightly different. 31 BUSINESS OVERVIEW The Company operates three segments: Commercial Real Estate; Land Operations; and Materials & Construction. A description of each of the Company's reporting segments is as follows: • Commercial Real Estate ("CRE") functions as a vertically integrated real estate investment company with core competencies in investments and acquisitions (i.e., raising capital, identifying opportunities and acquiring properties); construction and development (i.e., designing and ground-up development of new properties or repositioning and redevelopment of existing properties); in-house leasing and property management (i.e., executing new and renegotiating renewal lease arrangements, managing its properties' day-to-day operations and maintaining positive tenant relationships); and asset management (i.e., maintaining, upgrading and enhancing its portfolio of high-quality improved properties). The segment's preferred asset classes include improved properties in retail and industrial spaces and also urban ground leases. Its focus within improved retail properties, in particular, is on grocery-anchored neighborhood shopping centers that meet the daily needs of Hawai‘i citizens. Through its core competencies and with its experience and relationships in Hawai‘i, the Company seeks to create special places and experiences for Hawai‘i residents as well as providing venues and opportunities for tenants to thrive. Income from this segment is principally generated by owning, operating and leasing real estate assets. • Land Operations involves the management and optimization of the Company's historical landholdings primarily through the following activities: planning and entitlement of real property to facilitate sales; selling undeveloped land; and other operationally-diverse legacy business activities to employ its landholdings at their highest and best use. Financial results from this segment are principally derived from real estate development sales, land parcel sales, income/loss from real estate joint ventures and other legacy business activities. • Materials & Construction ("M&C") operates as Hawai‘i's largest asphalt paving contractor and is one of the state's largest natural materials and infrastructure construction companies. Such activities are primarily conducted through the Company's wholly-owned subsidiary, Grace Pacific LLC ("Grace Pacific"), a materials and construction company in Hawai‘i. As a result of its conversion to a REIT and consequent de-emphasis of non-REIT operating businesses, the Company has established a strategy to simplify its business, which includes ongoing efforts to accelerate the monetization of land and related assets and also includes evaluating strategic options for the eventual monetization of some or all of its Materials & Construction businesses. CRITICAL ACCOUNTING ESTIMATES The Company’s significant accounting policies are described in Note 2 to the consolidated financial statements. The preparation of financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States, upon which the MD&A is based, requires that management exercise judgment when making estimates and assumptions about future events that may affect the amounts reported in the financial statements and accompanying notes. Future events and their effects cannot be determined with certainty and actual results may differ from those critical accounting estimates. These differences could be material. Management considers an accounting estimate to be critical if: (i)(a) the accounting estimate requires the Company to make assumptions about matters that were highly uncertain at the time that the accounting estimate was made, (b) changes in the estimate are reasonably likely to occur in periods subsequent to the period in which the estimate was made, or (c) different estimates by the Company could have been used, and (ii) changes in those assumptions or estimates would have had a material impact on the financial condition or results of operations of the Company. The critical accounting estimates inherent in the preparation of the Company’s financial statements are described below. Impairment of Long-Lived Assets and Finite-Lived Intangible Assets Long-lived assets, including finite-lived intangible assets, are reviewed for possible impairment when events or circumstances indicate that the carrying value may not be recoverable. In such an evaluation, the estimated future undiscounted cash flows generated by the asset are compared with the amount recorded for the asset to determine if its carrying value is not recoverable. If this review determines that the recorded value will not be recovered, the amount recorded for the asset is reduced to estimated fair value. These asset impairment analyses are highly subjective because they require management to make assumptions and apply considerable judgments to, among other things, estimates of the timing and amount of future cash flows, expected useful lives of the assets, uncertainty about future events, including changes in economic conditions, changes in operating performance, changes in the use of the assets and ongoing costs of maintenance and improvements of the assets, and thus, the 32 accounting estimates may change from period to period. If management uses different assumptions or if different conditions occur in future periods, A&B’s financial condition or its future financial results could be materially impacted. During the year ended December 31, 2018, the Company recorded cumulative long-lived asset and finite-lived intangible asset impairment charges of $40.6 million related to its Materials and Construction segment. In the year ended December 31, 2019, the Company did not recognize any impairments of long-lived assets or finite- lived intangible assets. Impairment of Investments in Unconsolidated Affiliates The Company's investments in unconsolidated affiliates are reviewed for impairment whenever there is evidence that fair value may be below carrying cost. An investment is written down to fair value if fair value is below carrying cost and the impairment is believed to be other-than-temporary. In evaluating the fair value of an investment and whether any identified impairment is other-than-temporary, significant estimates and considerable judgments are involved. These estimates and judgments are based, in part, on the Company’s current and future evaluation of economic conditions in general, as well as a joint venture’s current and future plans. Additionally, these impairment calculations are highly subjective because they require management to make assumptions and apply judgments to estimates regarding the timing and amount of future cash flows that may consider various factors, including sales prices, development costs, market conditions and absorption rates, probabilities related to various cash flow scenarios, and appropriate discount rates based on the perceived risks, among others. In evaluating whether an impairment is other-than-temporary, the Company considers all available information, including but not limited to the financial condition and near-term prospects of the affiliate, the Company’s ability and intent to hold the investment for a period of time sufficient to allow for any anticipated recovery in market value, and projected industry and economic trends, among others. Changes in these and other assumptions could affect the projected operational results and fair value of the unconsolidated affiliates, and accordingly, may require valuation adjustments to the Company’s investments that may materially impact the Company’s financial condition or its future operating results. Economic conditions in particular real estate markets, difficulty in obtaining or renewing project-level financing or development approvals, and changes in the Company’s development strategy, among other factors, may affect the value or feasibility of certain development projects owned by the Company or by its joint ventures and could lead to additional impairment charges in the future. During the fourth quarter of 2018, the Company determined that its investment in Kukui‘ula was other-than-temporarily impaired due to the Company changing its strategy and no longer intending to hold its investment through the duration of the project. As a result, the Company estimated the fair value of its investment in Kukui‘ula using a discounted cash flow model and recorded a non-cash, other-than-temporary impairment of $186.8 million. In the year ended December 31, 2019, the Company did not recognize any impairments of investments in affiliates. Goodwill The Company reviews goodwill for impairment at the reporting unit level annually or between annual tests if an event occurs or circumstances change that would more likely than not reduce the fair value of the reporting unit below its carrying amount. The goodwill impairment test estimates the fair value of a reporting unit using various methodologies, including an income approach that is based on a discounted cash flow analysis and a market approach that involves the application of market-derived multiples. Valuations performed in conjunction with the Company's goodwill impairment tests for each reporting unit assumes that each is an unrelated business to be sold separately and independently from the other reporting units. The discounted cash flow approach relies on a number of assumptions, including future macroeconomic conditions, market factors specific to the reporting unit, the amount and timing of estimated future cash flows to be generated by the business over an extended period of time and a discount rate that considers the risks related to the amount and timing of the cash flows, among others. Under the market multiple methodology, the estimate of fair value is based on market multiples of EBITDA (earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization) or revenues. When using market multiples of EBITDA or revenues, the Company must make judgments about the comparability of those multiples in closed and proposed transactions and comparability of multiples for similar companies. If the results of the Company's test indicates that a reporting unit's estimated fair value is less than its carrying value, an impairment charge is recognized for the amount by which the carrying amount exceeds the reporting unit's fair value, not to exceed the total amount of goodwill allocated to that reporting unit. 33 The Company's goodwill is attributable to (1) the three reporting units in the M&C segment - GPC (primarily consisting of the Grace Pacific's quarry, paving, and liquid asphalt operations), GPRS (primarily consisting of Grace Pacific's roadway and maintenance solutions operations) and GPRM (primarily consisting of Grace Pacific's prestressed and precast concrete operations) - recognized in the acquisition of Grace Pacific in 2013 and (2) the CRE reporting unit, which is also the reportable segment. During the year ended December 31, 2018, based on the results of the valuation performed in conjunction with the Company's annual goodwill impairment test in 2018, the carrying amounts of the GPC and GPRS reporting units exceeded their estimated fair values and goodwill was determined to be impaired. The decline in fair value was due primarily to persisting, competitive market pressures that negatively affected sales and margins. As a result, the Company recorded a non-cash impairment charge of $37.2 million during the fourth quarter of 2018. The weighted-average discount rate used in the valuation was 13.6%. The GPRM reporting unit goodwill was not deemed to be impaired as GPRM's carrying amount exceeded its fair value by approximately 33 percent. During the quarter ended September 30, 2019, the Company was required to perform an interim impairment test for the goodwill in each of its three M&C reporting units due to the continued decline in M&C sales and margins in 2019, which resulted from continued, adverse market conditions. Based on the results of the valuation performed in conjunction with this test, the carrying amounts of the three M&C reporting units exceeded their estimated fair values and goodwill was determined to be impaired. As a result, the Company recorded a non-cash impairment charge of $49.7 million during the third quarter of 2019. The weighted-average discount rate used in the discounted cash flow approach of the valuation was 12.7%. Other than those noted above, the Company did not record any additional impairments to the goodwill in its reporting units during the year ended December 31, 2019. Subsequent to such impairments, as of December 31, 2019, the Company did not have any material goodwill at any of its reporting units that were at risk (see Note 22 to the consolidated financial statements). NEW ACCOUNTING PRONOUNCEMENTS See Note 2 to the consolidated financial statements for a full description of the impact of recently issued accounting standards, which is incorporated herein by reference, including the expected dates of adoption and estimated effects on the Company's results of operations and financial condition. 34 CONSOLIDATED RESULTS OF OPERATIONS The following analysis of the consolidated financial condition and results of operations of the Company and its subsidiaries should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and related notes thereto. Net income (loss) attributable to A&B shareholders for the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017 were as follows: (in millions, except per share amounts) Operating revenue Cost of operations Selling, general and administrative REIT evaluation/conversion costs Impairment of assets Gain (loss) on the sale of commercial real estate properties Operating income (loss) Income (loss) related to joint ventures Impairment of equity method investment Interest and other income (expense), net Interest expense Income tax benefit (expense) Income (loss) from continuing operations Discontinued operations (net of income taxes) Net income (loss) (Income) loss attributable to noncontrolling interest Net income (loss) attributable to A&B Earnings (loss) per share available to A&B shareholders Basic - Continuing operations Basic - Discontinued operations Diluted - Continuing operations Diluted - Discontinued operations Weighted-average number of shares outstanding Basic Diluted $ 2019 2018 $ 435.2 (340.9) (58.9) — (49.7) 644.4 (382.4) (61.2) — (79.4) 2017 $ 425.5 (302.0) (66.4) (15.2) (22.4) 2019 vs 2018 % $ (32.5)% (209.2) 10.9 % 41.5 3.8 % 2.3 — % — 37.4 % 29.7 2018 vs 2017 % $ 51.4 % 218.9 (26.6)% (80.4) 7.8 % 5.2 100.0 % 15.2 3X (57.0) — (14.3) 5.3 — 3.2 (33.1) 2.0 (36.9) (1.5) (38.4) 2.0 (36.4) $ 51.4 172.8 (4.1) (188.6) 2.3 (35.3) (16.3) (69.2) (0.6) (69.8) (2.2) 9.3 28.8 7.2 — (0.5) (25.6) 218.2 228.1 2.4 230.5 (2.2) (72.0) $ 228.3 (0.49) $ (0.02) (0.51) $ (1.01) $ (0.01) (1.02) $ (0.49) $ (0.02) (0.51) $ (1.01) $ (0.01) (1.02) $ 4.63 0.05 4.68 4.30 0.04 4.34 72.2 72.2 70.6 70.6 49.2 53.0 $ $ $ $ $ (51.4) (187.1) 9.4 188.6 0.9 2.2 18.3 32.3 (0.9) 31.4 4.2 35.6 (0.52) 0.01 (0.51) (0.52) 0.01 (0.51) (100.0)% NM NM 42.1 144.0 (11.3) 100.0 % (188.6) 2.8 39.1 % (9.7) 6.2 % (234.5) NM 46.7 % (297.3) (3.0) 45.0 % (300.3) — 49.4 % (300.3) (150.0)% NM (51.5)% 100.0 % (50.0)% (51.5)% 100.0 % (50.0)% 5.64 0.06 5.70 5.31 0.05 5.36 5X 5X NM — % NM (37.9)% NM NM NM NM — % NM NM NM NM NM NM NM Operating revenue for 2019 decreased 32.5%, or $209.2 million, to $435.2 million due primarily to the impact of the bulk sale of Maui agricultural land in December 2018 that did not reoccur in 2019 (further described in Note 21 to the consolidated financial statements). Consolidated cost of operations for 2019 decreased 10.9%, or $41.5 million, to $340.9 million, due primarily to decreases in costs incurred by the Materials & Construction and Land Operations segments. The reasons for business and segment-specific year-to-year fluctuations in operating revenue and cost of operations as they pertain to fluctuations in segment operating profit are further described in the Analysis of Operating Revenue and Profit by Segment. Selling, general and administrative for 2019 decreased 3.8%, or $2.3 million, to $58.9 million due primarily to lower management consulting expenses and lower personnel-related costs incurred in the current year as compared to 2018. During the third quarter of 2019, the Company recorded an impairment to goodwill in its Materials & Construction segment of $49.7 million due to the continued decline in sales and margins resulting from adverse market conditions. During the fourth quarter of 2018, the Company recorded impairments of $79.4 million related to goodwill and long-lived assets for the quarry & paving operations in its Materials & Construction segment. The reasons for business and segment-specific year-to-year fluctuations are further described in the Analysis of Operating Revenue and Profit by Segment. 35 Gain (loss) on sale of commercial real estate properties was zero in 2019 and $51.4 million in 2018. Activity in 2018 related to the sales of nine improved properties and a ground lease that occurred in 2018. Income (loss) related to joint ventures was $5.3 million of income in 2019 compared to a loss of $4.1 million for 2018, primarily due to joint venture activity in the Land Operations segment. The reasons for business and segment-specific year-to- year fluctuations are further described in the Analysis of Operating Revenue and Profit by Segment. Impairment of equity method investments was zero in 2019 and $188.6 million in 2018. Activity in 2018 was related to impairments recognized in the Land Operations segment. The reasons for business and segment-specific year-to-year fluctuations are further described in the Analysis of Operating Revenue and Profit by Segment. Income tax (expense) benefit for 2019 was a benefit of $2.0 million compared to an expense of $16.3 million for 2018. Activity in 2018 was primarily driven by the establishment of a valuation allowance related to the Company's deferred tax assets on the balance sheet due to cumulative losses incurred in the Company's non-REIT operating businesses. ANALYSIS OF OPERATING REVENUE AND PROFIT BY SEGMENT The following analysis should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and related notes thereto. Commercial Real Estate Financial Results Operating profit (loss) for the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017 were as follows: (in millions, unaudited) Commercial Real Estate operating revenue Commercial Real Estate operating costs and expenses Selling, general and administrative Intersegment operating revenues1 Impairment of assets Interest and other income (expense), net Commercial Real Estate operating profit (loss) Operating profit (loss) margin $ Cash Net Operating Income ("Cash NOI")2 Hawai‘i Mainland Total Cash NOI Same-Store Cash Net Operating Income ("Same-Store Cash NOI")2 Gross Leasable Area ("GLA") (million sq. ft.) - Improved (end of period) Hawai‘i Mainland Total Improved Ground leases (acres at end of period) $ 104.2 — $ 104.2 $ 78.5 3.9 — 3.9 153.8 2019 $ 160.6 2018 $ 140.3 2017 $ 136.9 (89.0) (10.1) 2.7 — 2.0 66.2 41.2% $ $ $ $ (77.2) (6.9) 2.6 — (0.3) 58.5 41.7% 84.7 1.5 86.2 74.6 3.5 — 3.5 108.7 $ $ $ $ (75.5) (6.8) 2.5 (22.4) (0.3) 34.4 25.1% 73.8 10.8 84.6 71.5 3.0 1.0 4.0 117.0 2019 vs 2018 % $ 14.5 % 20.3 2018 vs 2017 % $ 2.5 % 3.4 (11.8) (3.2) 0.1 — 2.3 7.7 (15.3)% (46.4)% 3.8 % — % NM 13.2 % (1.7) (0.1) 0.1 22.4 — 24.1 (2.3)% (1.5)% 4.0 % 100.0 % — % 70.1 % 19.5 (1.5) 18.0 23.0 % (100.0)% 20.9 % 10.9 (9.3) 1.6 14.8 % (86.1)% 1.9 % 3.9 5.2 % 3.1 4.3 % 0.4 — 0.4 45.1 11.4 % — % 11.4 % 41.5 % 0.5 (1.0) (0.5) (8.3) 16.7 % (100.0)% (12.5)% (7.1)% 1 Intersegment operating revenue, net for Commercial Real Estate is primarily from the Materials & Construction segment and is eliminated in the consolidated results of operations. 2 Refer to page 38 for a discussion of management's use of a non-GAAP financial measure and the required reconciliation of non-GAAP measures to GAAP measures. Commercial Real Estate operating revenue increased 14.5%, or $20.3 million, to $160.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2019, as compared to 2018. Commercial Real Estate operating profit increased 13.2%, or $7.7 million, to $66.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2019, as compared to 2018. The increase in operating revenue and operating profit from the prior year is primarily driven by the impact of acquired properties, redevelopment/new development projects commencing operations and new tenant leases, as well as an increase in Same-Store rents. 36 • Acquired Properties - Acquired properties contributing to a net increase in operating profit in the year ended December 31, 2019, as compared to 2018, include: i. Current year acquisitions of ground lease interests in the land under the Home Depot warehouse store in the Iwilei submarket of Honolulu in March 2019 and land in Kapolei Business Park West, commonly known as the Honolulu Authority of Rapid Transportation (HART) precast yard, in April 2019. These ground leases contributed $3.1 million of additional gross margin in 2019 as compared to 2018. ii. Current/prior year industrial acquisitions of three Class-A warehouse buildings in Kapolei on Oahu in April 2019/December 2018. These industrial properties contributed $2.2 million of additional gross margin in 2019 as compared to 2018. iii. Current year retail portfolio acquisitions of Queens' MarketPlace on Hawai‘i (island) in May 2019 and Waipouli Town Center on Kauai in May 2019, as well as the continued stabilization of February 2018 acquisitions of three retail centers in Hawai‘i (Pu‘unene Shopping Center, Laulani Village Shopping Center and Hokulei Village Shopping Center). These retail properties contributed $1.4 million of additional gross margin in 2019 as compared to 2018. • Redevelopment/New Development - Redevelopment/new development projects impacting current year operating profit due to the commencement of operations include Lau Hala Shops in Kailua on Oahu (commenced operations in the fourth quarter of 2018) and Ho‘okele Shopping Center on Maui (commenced operations in the third quarter of 2019). These retail properties contributed approximately $1.7 million of additional gross margin in 2019 as compared to 2018. • Same-Store Rent - Growth in Same-Store rents in the year ended December 31, 2019, as compared to 2018, was primarily driven by Pearl Highlands Center and Kailua Retail on Oahu resulting from higher occupancy and strong comparable leasing spreads, respectively. These two properties contributed approximately $1.8 million of additional gross margin in 2019 as compared to 2018. The increase in operating revenue and gross margin from these drivers was partially offset by higher depreciation and amortization related to the acquired properties, as well as higher general and administrative expense related to growth in the overall segment portfolio driven, in part, by an increase in personnel-related costs in the segment operations related to such growth. Commercial Real Estate Portfolio Acquisitions and Dispositions During the year ended December 31, 2019, the Company's acquisitions of improved properties were as follows ($ in millions): Property Kapolei Enterprise Center Waipouli Town Center Queens' MarketPlace Total Acquisitions Location Oahu, HI Kauai, HI Hawai‘i (island), HI Date 4/19 5/19 5/19 Purchase Price GLA (SF) $ $ 26.8 17.8 90.3 134.9 93,000 56,600 134,700 284,300 In addition, the Company made acquisitions of ground lease interests in land during the year ended December 31, 2019 as follows ($ in millions): Property Home Depot Iwilei Kapolei Business Park West Total Acquisitions Location Oahu, HI Oahu, HI Date 3/19 4/19 Purchase Price Acres $ $ 42.4 41.1 83.5 9.0 36.4 45.4 There were no dispositions of CRE improved properties or ground lease interests during the year ended December 31, 2019. 37 Leasing Activity In the year ended December 31, 2019, the Company signed 91 new leases and 123 renewal leases, covering 565.4 thousand square feet of GLA. The 91 new leases comprise 272.6 thousand square feet with an average annual base rent of $25.21 per square foot. Signed new leases resulted in an 11.4% average base rent increase over comparable expiring leases. The 123 renewal leases comprise 292.8 thousand square feet with an average annual base rent of $28.57 per square foot. Signed renewal leases resulted in a 7.4% average base rent increase over comparable expiring leases. Leasing activity summarized by property type for the year ended December 31, 2019 was as follows: Leases GLA ABR/SF Rent Spread Year Ended December 31, 2019 113 83 18 239,887 285,719 39,841 41.02 14.95 28.32 8.8% 7.0% 5.3% Retail Industrial Office Occupancy Occupancy represents the percentage of square footage leased and commenced to gross leasable space at the end of the period reported. The Company's commercial real estate portfolio's occupancy and Same-Store occupancy percentage summarized by property type as of December 31, 2019 and 2018 was as follows: Retail Industrial Office Total Retail Industrial Office Total Occupancy As of December 31, 2019 93.3% 95.3% 90.9% 93.9% As of December 31, 2018 93.4% 90.1% 93.8% 92.4% Percentage Point Change (0.1) 5.2 (2.9) 1.5 Same-Store Occupancy As of December 31, 2019 94.4% 94.1% 90.9% 94.1% As of December 31, 2018 93.3% 90.1% 93.8% 92.2% Percentage Point Change 1.1 4.0 (2.9) 1.9 Use of Non-GAAP Financial Measures The Company uses non-GAAP measures when evaluating operating performance because management believes that they provide additional insight into the Company's and segments' core operating results, and/or the underlying business trends affecting performance on a consistent and comparable basis from period to period. These measures generally are provided to investors as an additional means of evaluating the performance of ongoing core operations. Cash NOI is a non-GAAP measure used internally in evaluating the unlevered performance of the Company's Commercial Real Estate portfolio. The Company believes Cash NOI provides useful information to investors regarding the Company's financial condition and results of operations because it reflects only those cash income and expense items that are incurred at the property level, and when compared across periods, can be used to determine trends in earnings of the Company's properties as this measure is not affected by non-cash revenue and expense recognition items, the impact of depreciation and amortization expenses or other gains or losses that relate to the Company's ownership of properties. The Company believes the exclusion of these items from operating profit (loss) is useful because the resulting measure captures the actual cash-based revenue generated and actual expenses incurred in operating the Company's Commercial Real Estate portfolio as well as trends in occupancy rates, rental rates, and operating costs. Cash NOI should not be viewed as a substitute for, or superior to, financial measures calculated in accordance with GAAP. Cash NOI represents total Commercial Real Estate cash-based operating revenues, less direct property-related operating expenses. The calculation of Cash NOI excludes the impact of depreciation and amortization (including amortization of maintenance capital, tenant improvements and leasing commissions); straight-line lease adjustments (including amortization of lease incentives); 38 amortization of favorable/unfavorable lease assets/liabilities; lease termination income; other income and expense, net; selling, general, administrative and other expenses; and impairment of commercial real estate assets. The Company reports Cash NOI and Occupancy on a Same-Store basis, which includes the results of properties that were owned and operated for the entirety of the current and prior calendar year. The Same-Store pool excludes properties under development or redevelopment and also excludes properties acquired or sold during either of the comparable reporting periods. While there is management judgment involved in classifications, new developments and redevelopments are moved into the Same- Store pool after one full calendar year of stabilized operation. New developments and redevelopments are generally considered stabilized upon the initial attainment of 90% occupancy. Properties included in held for sale are excluded from Same-Store. The Company believes that reporting on a Same-Store basis provides investors with additional information regarding the operating performance of comparable assets versus from other factors (such as the effect of developments, redevelopments, acquisitions or dispositions). The Company's methods of calculating non-GAAP measures may differ from methods employed by other companies and thus may not be comparable to such other companies. A reconciliation of Commercial Real Estate operating profit (loss) to Commercial Real Estate Cash NOI for the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017 were as follows (in millions): (in millions, unaudited) Commercial Real Estate Operating Profit (Loss) $ Plus: Depreciation and amortization Less: Straight-line lease adjustments Less: Favorable/(unfavorable) lease amortization Less: Termination income Plus: Other (income)/expense, net Plus: Impairment of assets Plus: Selling, general, administrative and other expenses Less: Legal costs previously capitalized1 Cash NOI as adjusted Less Cash NOI from acquisitions, dispositions, and other adjustments Same-Store Cash NOI as adjusted 2019 2018 2017 $ 66.2 36.7 (5.1) (1.6) (0.1) (2.0) — 10.1 — 104.2 (25.7) 78.5 $ 58.5 28.0 (4.0) (1.9) (1.1) 0.3 — 6.9 (0.5) 86.2 (11.6) 74.6 34.4 26.0 (1.6) (2.9) (1.7) 0.3 22.4 7.9 (0.2) 84.6 (13.1) 71.5 1 Represents legal costs related to leasing activity that were previously capitalized when incurred and recognized as amortization expense over the term of the lease contract. Upon the Company's adoption of ASC 842, Leases, on January 1, 2019, such legal costs are directly expensed as operating costs and are included in Cash NOI. For comparability purposes, Cash NOI for the prior periods presented has been adjusted to include legal fees in conformity with Cash NOI for 2019. Land Operations The asset class mix of real estate sales in any given period can be diverse and may include developed residential real estate, developable subdivision lots, undeveloped land or property sold under threat of condemnation. Further, the timing of property or parcel sales can significantly affect operating results in a given period. Additionally, the operating profit reported in each period does not necessarily follow a percentage of sales trend because the cost basis of property sold can differ significantly between transactions. For example, the sale of undeveloped land and vacant parcels in Hawai‘i generally provides higher margins than does the sale of developed property, due to the low historical cost basis of the Company's land owned in Hawai‘i. As a result, direct year-over-year comparison of the Land Operations segment results may not provide a consistent, measurable indicator of future performance. Further, Land Operations revenue trends, cash flows from the sales of real estate, and the amount of real estate held for sale on the Company's balance sheet do not necessarily indicate future profitability trends for this segment. 39 Land Operations operating profit (loss) for the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017 were as follows: (in millions, unaudited) Development sales revenue Unimproved/other property sales revenue Other operating revenues1 Total Land Operations operating revenue Land operations costs and operating expenses Impairment of assets Impairment of equity method investment Earnings (loss) from joint ventures Interest and other income (expense), net Total Land Operations operating profit (loss) 2019 2018 2017 $ $ 57.2 32.4 24.5 114.1 (97.9) — — 3.9 0.7 20.8 $ $ $ 54.3 210.5 24.7 289.5 (124.0) (1.6) (188.6) (4.7) 2.7 (26.7) $ 35.0 25.6 23.9 84.5 (73.9) — — 3.3 0.3 14.2 1 Other operating revenues includes revenue related to trucking, renewable energy and diversified agriculture. 2019: Land Operations revenue of $114.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2019 was driven by development sales activity which included three of the remaining Kahala Avenue acres; 44 of the remaining units for the Company's Kamalani project in Kihei, Maui; nine acres at Maui Business Park (Phase II); unimproved/other property sales activity related to the sale of land and related property and rights in Wailea, Maui; and the sale of unimproved property of approximately 800 acres of agricultural land on Maui. 2018: Land Operations revenue of $289.5 million was significantly impacted by the bulk sale of Maui agricultural land in December 2018 (further described in Note 21 to the consolidated financial statements). Land Operations revenue also included sales of 91 units for the Company's Kamalani project in Kihei, Maui, the sale of one Kahala Avenue parcel, the sale of 313 acres to the State of Hawai‘i for the expansion of the Kahului airport on Maui, the sale of 262 acres to the County of Maui for the expansion of the Kula Agricultural Park on Maui, and trucking service and power sales revenues. Operating loss for the year ended December 31, 2018 was $26.7 million and included the gross profit of $162.2 million related to the Agricultural Land Sale, the sale of a 313 acre land parcel in Kahului, Maui, and a decrease in earnings from the Company's real estate development-related joint ventures and investments. The segment results also included equity method investment impairments of $188.6 million, primarily related to the Company's Kukui‘ula joint venture. During the fourth quarter of 2018, the Company changed its strategy and will no longer hold its investment in Kukui‘ula long-term, although it remains committed to positioning the project for longer term success and transition. As a result of the change in intent, the Company concluded that the carrying value of its investment in Kukui‘ula was not recoverable and recognized a non-cash impairment of $186.8 million during the fourth quarter of 2018. Operating profit also includes interest and other income (expense), net, of $3.2 million, primarily related to a gain on the sale of a real estate development joint venture. 40 Materials & Construction Selected financial data for Materials & Construction for the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017 were as follows: (in millions, unaudited) Materials & Construction operating revenue Materials & Construction operating profit (loss) Depreciation and amortization Aggregate tons delivered (tons in thousands) Asphalt tons delivered (tons in thousands) Backlog at period end1 $ $ $ $ 2019 2018 2017 160.5 $ 214.6 $ 204.1 (69.2) $ 11.4 $ 786.9 293.8 79.5 $ (73.2) $ 12.1 $ 718.2 498.2 128.7 $ 22.0 12.2 691.6 553.8 202.1 2019 vs 2018 % $ (25.2)% $ (54.1) 2018 vs 2017 % $ 5.1 % 10.5 4.0 0.7 68.7 (204.4) (49.2) 5.5 % $ 5.8 % $ 9.6 % (41.0)% (38.2)% $ (95.2) 0.1 26.6 (55.6) (73.4) NM 0.8 % 3.8 % (10.0)% (36.3)% $ $ $ $ 1 Backlog represents the total amount of revenue that Grace Pacific and Maui Paving, LLC, a 50-percent-owned unconsolidated affiliate, expect to realize on contracts awarded. Backlog primarily consists of asphalt paving and, to a lesser extent, Grace Pacific’s consolidated revenue from its prestress and construction-and traffic control-related products. Backlog includes estimated revenue from the remaining portion of contracts not yet completed, as well as revenue from approved change orders. The length of time that projects remain in backlog can span from a few days for a small volume of work to 36 months for large paving contracts and contracts performed in phases. As of December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017, these amounts include $14.3 million, $10.7 million and $17.2 million, respectively, of opportunity backlog consisting of government contracts in which Grace Pacific has been confirmed to be the lowest bidder and formal communication of the award is deemed perfunctory at the time of this disclosure. Circumstances outside the Company's control such as procurement or technical protests may arise that prevent the finalization of such contracts. Maui Paving's backlog as of December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017 was $4.4 million, $4.1 million and $10.6 million, respectively. Materials & Construction revenue was $160.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2019, compared to $214.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2018. Operating loss was $69.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2019, compared to $73.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2018. During the third quarter of 2019, the Company recorded an impairment to goodwill of $49.7 million due to the continued decline in sales and margins resulting from a deterioration in market conditions related to government agency bid opportunities. During 2018, the Company recorded impairments of $77.8 million related to long-lived assets for the quarry & paving operations and goodwill due primarily to persisting, competitive market pressures. Earnings from joint venture investments are not included in segment revenue but are included in operating loss. The reduction in backlog from December 31, 2018 to December 31, 2019 is due primarily to an overall decrease in bidding opportunities presented by government agencies together with the completion of contract work during 2019. Additionally, backlog reflects a change in the manner in which local government agencies contract paving services (reducing the amount of paving work that meets the definition of backlog). Certain agencies now award "maintenance contracts" under which a contractor can secure all paving work within a certain geographic area, but jobs are not identified in advance (and, therefore, will not meet the requirement for inclusion in backlog). LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES Overview: The Company's primary liquidity needs have historically been to support working capital requirements and fund capital expenditures, commercial real estate acquisitions and real estate developments. A&B's principal sources of liquidity have been cash flows provided by operating activities, available cash and cash equivalent balances, and borrowing capacity under its various credit facilities. The Company's operating income (loss) is generated by its subsidiaries. There are no material restrictions on the ability of the Company's wholly owned subsidiaries to pay dividends or make other distributions to the Company. The Company regularly evaluates investment opportunities, including development projects, commercial real estate acquisitions, joint venture investments, share repurchases, business acquisitions and other strategic transactions to increase shareholder value. The Company cannot predict whether or when it may make investments or what impact any such transactions could have on the Company's results of operations, cash flows or financial condition. The Company’s cash flows from operations, borrowing availability and overall liquidity are subject to certain risks and uncertainties, including those described in "Risk Factors." Cash Flows: Net cash flows provided by operations was $157.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2019, primarily attributable to cash generated from the Company's CRE segment and Land Operations segment through leasing activities and real estate development sales, respectively, as well as tax-related cash receipts of $24.6 million (primarily related to Federal Income Tax receivables). Cash flows provided by operations was $309.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2018, primarily attributable to the bulk sale of 41,000 acres of agricultural lands and certain ownership interests, leasing activities and real estate development sales. 41 Net cash flows used in investing activities was $240.4 million and $104.7 million for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively. During the year ended December 31, 2019, the cash used in investing activities were primarily comprised of $255.1 million in capital expenditures, including $218.4 million related to the Company's acquisitions of five commercial real estate assets. Cash used in investing activities also included $3.3 million related to payments for purchases of investments in affiliates and other investments. Cash inflows from investing activities during the year ended December 31, 2019 included $13.6 million related to distributions from joint ventures and other returns of investments and $4.4 million of proceeds related to the disposal of property, investments and other assets. During the year ended December 31, 2018, the net cash used in investing activities included cash outlays of $296.1 million related to capital expenditures, including cash outlays of $288.7 million for the Company's acquisitions of Laulani Village Shopping Center, Hokulei Village Shopping Center, Pu‘unene Shopping Center, five commercial units at The Collection high-rise residential condominium project, and two Class A industrial warehouse buildings on Oahu. Cash outlays for investing activities during the year ended December 31, 2018 also included contributions of $22.6 million related to investments in unconsolidated affiliates. Cash inflows from investing activities during the year ended December 31, 2018 included proceeds of $171.7 million resulting from the sales of nine improved properties and a ground lease. Other investing cash flow activity during the year ended December 31, 2018 included $42.3 million of proceeds from joint ventures and other investments. Net cash flows used in investing activities for capital expenditures were as follows: (in millions, unaudited) 2019 2018 Commercial real estate property acquisitions/improvements Tenant improvements Quarrying and paving Agribusiness and other Total capital expenditures¹ $ $ 246.9 $ 3.6 1.9 2.7 255.1 $ 274.0 8.7 11.0 2.4 296.1 Change (9.9)% (58.6)% (82.7)% 12.5% (13.8)% 1 Excludes capital expenditures for real estate developments to be held and sold as real estate development inventory, which are classified in the consolidated statement of cash flows as operating activities and are excluded from the tables above. In 2020, the Company expects that its capital expenditures will be approximately $45-$58 million. Of this amount, capital expenditures for growth, maintenance and acquisition capital will be approximately $33-$41 million for the Commercial Real Estate segment. An additional $10-$13 million has been projected for Materials & Construction and the remaining $2-$4 million has been projected for Land Operations/general corporate purposes. Should investment opportunities in excess of the amounts budgeted arise, the Company believes it has adequate sources of liquidity to fund these investments. Net cash flows used in financing activities was $136.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2019, as compared to net cash used in financing activities for the year ended December 31, 2018 of $73.5 million. The change in cash flows used in financing activities in 2019 as compared to 2018 was due primarily to making net payments on debt (i.e., debt payments net of additional borrowings) as compared to net borrowings in the prior period, partially offset by lower cash dividend payments in 2019 as compared to 2018 due to the cash dividend payment of $156.6 million in January 2018 related to the Company's conversion to a REIT. The Company believes that funds generated from results of operations, available cash and cash equivalents, and available borrowings under credit facilities will be sufficient to finance the Company's business requirements for the next year, including working capital, capital expenditures, potential acquisitions, notes payable and other debt due in the next twelve months and stock repurchases. There can be no assurance, however, that the Company will continue to generate cash flows at or above current levels or that it will be able to maintain its ability to borrow under its available credit facilities. Other Sources of Liquidity: Additional sources of liquidity for the Company consisted of trade receivables, contracts retention and other miscellaneous liquid assets (e.g., income tax receivables, inventories ready to be sold) totaling $73.1 million at December 31, 2019, a decrease of $38.4 million from December 31, 2018. The Company also has revolving credit and term facilities that provide additional sources of liquidity for working capital requirements or investment opportunities on a short-term as well as longer-term basis. As of December 31, 2019, the Company had $98.7 million of revolving credit borrowings outstanding, $1.7 million in letters of credit had been issued against the facility, and $349.6 million remained unused. 42 Tax-Deferred Real Estate Exchanges: Sales: During the year ended December 31, 2019, the Company generated approximately $6.7 million of cash proceeds that qualified for potential tax-deferral treatment under §1031 of the Code in connection with the sale of land parcels on Maui. Purchases: During the year ended December 31, 2019, the Company utilized $219.0 million of funds from tax-deferred sales or condemnations. Proceeds from tax-deferred sales under §1031 of the Code are held in escrow pending future use to purchase new real estate assets. The proceeds from condemnations under §1033 of the Code are held by the Company until the funds are redeployed. During the year ended December 31, 2019, $11.0 million of funds from tax-deferred sales or condemnations expired without being reinvested. As of December 31, 2019, there were no cash proceeds from tax-deferred sales and approximately $14.5 million from tax-deferred condemnations that had not yet been reinvested. CONTRACTUAL OBLIGATIONS, COMMITMENTS, CONTINGENCIES AND OFF-BALANCE SHEET ARRANGEMENTS Contractual Obligations: As of December 31, 2019, the Company had the following estimated contractual obligations (in millions): (in millions, unaudited) Payment due by period Contractual Obligations Total 2020 2021-2022 2023-2024 Thereafter Debt obligations Estimated interest on debt Purchase obligations Pension benefits Post-retirement obligations Non-qualified benefit obligations Operating lease obligations Total (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) $ 705.2 $ 150.3 12.8 124.9 6.1 3.0 28.4 30.9 30.3 12.8 13.1 0.8 — 4.6 $ 171.8 $ 241.3 $ 261.2 55.8 — 26.0 1.4 1.2 9.0 33.5 — 25.4 1.2 — 5.9 30.7 — 60.4 2.7 1.8 8.9 $ 1,030.7 $ 92.5 $ 265.2 $ 307.3 $ 365.7 (1) Debt obligations (excluding debt premium or discount) include principal repayments of debt for the respective period(s) described (see Note 8 to the consolidated financial statements for debt maturities for each of the next five years). Debt includes amounts borrowed under revolving credit facilities, which have been reflected as payments due in 2022. This amount does not include the debt issuance cost. (2) Estimated cash paid for interest on debt is determined based on (1) the stated interest rate for fixed debt and (2) the rate in effect as of December 31, 2019 for variable rate debt. Because the Company’s variable rate debt may be rolled over, actual interest may be greater or less than the amounts indicated. Estimated interest on debt also includes swap payments on the Company's interest rate swaps. (3) Purchase obligations include only non-cancelable contractual obligations for the purchases of goods and services. Arrangements are considered purchase obligations if a contract specifies all significant terms, including fixed or minimum quantities to be purchased, a pricing structure and approximate timing of the transaction. Any amounts reflected on the consolidated balance sheet as accounts payable and accrued liabilities are excluded from the table above. (4) Post-retirement obligations include expected payments to medical service providers in connection with providing benefits to the Company’s employees and retirees. The $2.7 million noted in the column labeled “Thereafter” comprises estimated benefit payments for 2025 through 2029. Post-retirement obligations are described further in Note 11 to the consolidated financial statements. (5) Non-qualified benefit obligations include estimated payments to executives and directors under the Company’s non-qualified plans. The $1.8 million noted in the column labeled “Thereafter” comprises estimated benefit payments for 2025 through 2029. Additional information about the Company’s non-qualified plans is included in Note 11 to the consolidated financial statements. (6) Operating lease obligations primarily include land, office space and equipment under non-cancelable, long-term lease arrangements that do not transfer the rights and risks of ownership to the Company. Such obligations are recognized as lease liabilities in our consolidated balance sheets based on the present value of such payments over the lease term and are further described in Note 9 to the consolidated financial statements. Commitments, Contingencies and Off-balance Sheet Arrangements: A description of other commitments, contingencies, and off-balance sheet arrangements as of December 31, 2019, and herein incorporated by reference, is included in Note 14 to the consolidated financial statements of Item 8 in this Form 10-K. 43 ITEM 7A. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK The Company is exposed to changes in interest rates, primarily as a result of its borrowing and investing activities used to maintain liquidity and to fund business operations. In order to manage its exposure to changes in interest rates, the Company utilizes a balanced mix of debt maturities, along with both fixed-rate and variable-rate debt. The nature and amount of the Company’s long-term and short-term debt can be expected to fluctuate as a result of future business requirements, market conditions, and other factors. The Company’s fixed rate debt, excluding debt premium or discount and debt issuance costs, consists of $556.5 million in principal term notes. The Company’s variable rate debt consists of $98.7 million under its revolving credit facilities and $50.0 million under a bank syndicated loan. Other than in default, the Company does not have an obligation, nor the option in some cases, to prepay its fixed-rate debt prior to maturity and, as a result, interest rate fluctuations and the resulting changes in fair value would not have an impact on the Company’s financial condition or results of operations unless the Company was required to refinance such debt. For the Company’s variable rate debt, a one percent increase in interest rates would have approximately a $1.5 million impact on the Company's results of operations for 2019, assuming the December 31, 2019 balance of the variable rate debt was outstanding throughout 2019. The following table summarizes the Company’s debt obligations at December 31, 2019, presenting principal cash flows and related interest rates by the expected fiscal year of repayment. (dollars in millions) 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 Thereafter Total 2019 Expected Fiscal Year of Repayment at December 31, 2019 Fair Value at December 31, Liabilities Fixed rate Average interest rate Variable rate Average interest rate1 $ $ 30.9 $ 43.3 $ 29.9 4.40% 4.34% 4.24% — $ — $ 98.7 $ $ 34.3 $ 156.8 $ 261.3 $ 556.5 4.19% 3.41% 3.77% 4.05% 50.0 $ — $ — $ 148.7 $ $ 578.6 148.7 4.31% 4.31% 4.31% 3.51% —% —% 4.23% 1Estimated interest rates on variable rate debt are determined based on the rate in effect on December 31, 2019. Actual interest rates may be greater or less than the amounts indicated when variable rate debt is rolled over. From time to time, the Company may invest its excess cash in short-term money market funds that purchase government securities or corporate debt securities. At December 31, 2019, the amount invested in money market funds was immaterial. These money market funds maintain a weighted average maturity of less than 60 days, and accordingly, a one percent change in interest rates is not expected to have a material impact on the fair value of these investments or on interest income. The Company has no material exposure to foreign currency risks. 44 Page 46 48 49 50 51 53 54 54 55 65 66 66 68 69 70 73 74 75 80 83 85 86 87 87 88 88 90 91 91 92 93 ITEM 8. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm Consolidated Balance Sheets Consolidated Statements of Operation Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss) Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows Consolidated Statements of Equity Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. Background and Basis of Presentation Significant Accounting Policies Related Party Transactions Discontinued Operations Investments in Affiliates Revenue and Contract Balances Real Estate Property, Net Notes Payable and Other Debt Leases – The Company as Lessee Leases – The Company as Lessor Employee Benefit Plans Income Taxes Share-Based Payment Awards Commitments and Contingencies Derivative Instruments Earnings Per Share ("EPS") Redeemable Noncontrolling Interest Cessation of Sugar Operations Segment Results Real Estate Acquisitions Agricultural Land Sale Goodwill Subsequent Events Unaudited Summarized Quarterly Information 45 REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM To the shareholders and the Board of Directors of Alexander & Baldwin, Inc. Opinion on the Financial Statements We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Alexander & Baldwin, Inc. and subsidiaries (the "Company") as of December 31, 2019 and 2018, the related consolidated statements of operations, comprehensive income (loss), equity, and cash flows, for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2019, and the related notes (collectively referred to as the “financial statements”). In our opinion, the financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of December 31, 2019 and 2018, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2019, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. We have also audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB), the Company's internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2019, based on criteria established in Internal Control - Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission and our report dated February 27, 2020, expressed an unqualified opinion on the Company's internal control over financial reporting. Basis for Opinion These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company's management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company's financial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the PCAOB and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB. We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the financial statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion. Critical Audit Matter The critical audit matter communicated below is a matter arising from the current-period audit of the financial statements that was communicated or required to be communicated to the audit committee and that (1) relates to accounts or disclosures that are material to the financial statements and (2) involved our especially challenging, subjective, or complex judgments. The communication of a critical audit matter does not alter in any way our opinion on the financial statements, taken as a whole, and we are not, by communicating the critical audit matter below, providing a separate opinion on the critical audit matter or on the accounts or disclosures to which it relates. Goodwill - Materials & Construction Segment (Fair Value of the Reporting Units) - Refer to Note 22 to the financial statements Critical Audit Matter Description The Company reviews goodwill for impairment at the reporting unit level annually or between annual tests if an event occurs or circumstances change that would more likely than not reduce the fair value of the reporting unit below its carrying amount. If the results of the Company's test indicate that a reporting unit's estimated fair value is less than its carrying value, an impairment charge is recognized for the amount by which the carrying amount exceeds the reporting unit's fair value, not to exceed the total amount of goodwill allocated to that reporting unit. The goodwill impairment test estimates the fair value of a reporting unit using various methodologies, including an income approach that is based on a discounted cash flow analysis and a market approach that involves the application of market- derived multiples. The discounted cash flow approach relies on a number of assumptions, including future macroeconomic conditions and market factors, primarily related to the amount and timing of estimated future cash flows, and the selection of an 46 appropriate discount rate. Under the market multiple methodology, the estimate of fair value is based on market multiples of EBITDA (earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization) or revenues. When using market multiples of EBITDA or revenues, the Company must make judgments about the comparability of those multiples in closed and proposed transactions and comparability of multiples for similar companies. During the quarter ended September 30, 2019, the carrying amounts of the Materials & Construction reporting units exceeded their estimated fair values and goodwill was determined to be impaired. The Company recorded a non-cash impairment charge of $49.7 million. Significant judgments were made by management to estimate the fair value of the Materials & Construction reporting units including assumptions related to the forecasting of future cash flows, selection of discount rates, and selection of market multiples of EBITDA or revenues. Performing audit procedures to evaluate the reasonableness of these assumptions required a high degree of auditor judgement and an increased extent of effort, including the need to involve our fair value specialists. How the Critical Audit Matter Was Addressed in the Audit Our audit procedures related to management’s forecasting of future cash flows, selection of discount rates, and selection of market multiples of EBITDA or revenues for the Materials & Construction reporting units included the following, among others: • We tested the effectiveness of controls over management’s determination of fair value of the Materials & Construction reporting units, including controls related to management’s forecasts and selection of discount rates and market multiples. • We evaluated management’s ability to accurately forecast future cash flows by comparing actual results to management’s historical forecasts. • We evaluated the reasonableness of management’s forecasts of future cash flows by comparing the forecasts to: – Forecasted information included in Company press releases as well as external, independent analyst, economic and industry reports for the Company and certain of its peer companies. – Historical results. – Actual performance subsequent to year end. • With the assistance of our fair value specialists, we evaluated the discount rates, including testing the underlying source information and the mathematical accuracy of the calculations, and developing a range of independent estimates for discount rates and comparing those to the discount rates selected by management. • With the assistance of our fair value specialists, we evaluated the multiples of EBITDA and revenue, including testing the underlying source information and mathematical accuracy of the calculations, and comparing the multiples selected by management to those of similar companies. /s/ Deloitte & Touche LLP Honolulu, Hawai‘i February 27, 2020 We have served as the Company's auditor since 1950. 47 ALEXANDER & BALDWIN, INC. CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS (In millions) December 31, 2019 2018 ASSETS Real estate investments Real estate property Accumulated depreciation Real estate property, net Real estate developments Investments in real estate joint ventures and partnerships Real estate intangible assets, net Real estate investments, net Cash and cash equivalents Restricted cash Accounts receivable, net Contracts retention Inventories Other property, net Operating lease right-of-use assets Goodwill Other receivables Costs and estimated earnings in excess of billings on uncompleted contracts Prepaid expenses and other assets Total assets LIABILITIES AND EQUITY Liabilities: Notes payable and other debt Accounts payable Operating lease liabilities Accrued pension and post-retirement benefits Indemnity holdbacks Deferred revenue Billings in excess of costs and estimated earnings on uncompleted contracts Accrued and other liabilities Total liabilities Commitments and Contingencies (Note 14) Redeemable Noncontrolling Interest (Note 17) Equity: Common stock - no par value; authorized, 150 million shares; outstanding, 72.3 million and 72.0 million shares at December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) Distributions in excess of accumulated earnings Total A&B shareholders' equity Noncontrolling interest Total equity Total liabilities and equity See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements. $ $ $ $ $ $ $ 1,540.2 (127.5) 1,412.7 79.1 133.4 74.9 1,700.1 15.2 0.2 43.4 8.6 20.7 124.4 21.8 15.4 27.4 10.0 97.1 2,084.3 704.6 17.8 21.6 26.8 7.5 67.6 7.9 95.5 949.3 6.3 1,800.1 (48.8) (626.2) 1,125.1 3.6 1,128.7 2,084.3 $ 1,293.7 (107.2) 1,186.5 155.2 141.0 59.8 1,542.5 11.4 223.5 49.6 11.6 26.5 135.5 — 65.1 56.8 9.2 93.5 2,225.2 778.1 34.2 — 29.4 16.3 63.2 5.9 81.9 1,009.0 7.9 1,793.4 (51.9) (538.9) 1,202.6 5.7 1,208.3 2,225.2 48 ALEXANDER & BALDWIN, INC. CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS (In millions, except per share amounts) Year Ended December 31, 2018 2019 2017 Operating Revenue: Commercial Real Estate Land Operations Materials & Construction Total operating revenue Operating Costs and Expenses: Cost of Commercial Real Estate Cost of Land Operations Cost of Materials & Construction Selling, general and administrative REIT evaluation/conversion costs Impairment of assets Total operating costs and expenses Gain (loss) on the sale of commercial real estate properties Operating Income (Loss) Other Income and (Expenses): Income (loss) related to joint ventures Impairment of equity method investment Interest and other income (expense), net (Note 2) Interest expense Income (Loss) from Continuing Operations Before Income Taxes Income tax benefit (expense) Income (Loss) from Continuing Operations Income (loss) from discontinued operations, net of income taxes (Note 4) Net Income (Loss) Loss (income) attributable to noncontrolling interest Net Income (Loss) Attributable to A&B Shareholders Earnings (Loss) Per Share Available to A&B Shareholders: Basic Earnings (Loss) Per Share of Common Stock: Continuing operations available to A&B shareholders Discontinued operations available to A&B shareholders Net income (loss) available to A&B shareholders Diluted Earnings (Loss) Per Share of Common Stock: Continuing operations available to A&B shareholders Discontinued operations available to A&B shareholders Net income (loss) available to A&B shareholders Weighted-Average Number of Shares Outstanding: Basic Diluted Amounts Available to A&B Common Shareholders (Note 16): Continuing operations available to A&B common shareholders Discontinued operations available to A&B common shareholders Net income (loss) available to A&B common shareholders See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements. 49 $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ 160.6 114.1 160.5 435.2 89.0 92.5 159.4 58.9 — 49.7 449.5 — (14.3) 5.3 — 3.2 (33.1) (38.9) 2.0 (36.9) (1.5) (38.4) 2.0 (36.4) $ $ 140.3 289.5 214.6 644.4 77.2 117.1 188.1 61.2 — 79.4 523.0 51.4 172.8 (4.1) (188.6) 2.3 (35.3) (52.9) (16.3) (69.2) (0.6) (69.8) (2.2) (72.0) $ (0.49) $ (0.02) (0.51) $ (1.01) $ (0.01) (1.02) $ (0.49) $ (0.02) (0.51) $ (1.01) $ (0.01) (1.02) $ 72.2 72.2 70.6 70.6 136.9 84.5 204.1 425.5 75.5 60.4 166.1 66.4 15.2 22.4 406.0 9.3 28.8 7.2 — (0.5) (25.6) 9.9 218.2 228.1 2.4 230.5 (2.2) 228.3 4.63 0.05 4.68 4.30 0.04 4.34 49.2 53.0 (35.1) $ (1.5) (36.6) $ (71.4) $ (0.6) (72.0) $ 227.7 2.4 230.1 ALEXANDER & BALDWIN, INC. CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS) (In millions) Year Ended December 31, 2018 2019 2017 $ (38.4) $ (69.8) $ 230.5 (4.0) (0.1) 5.3 4.0 (0.7) (1.4) — — 3.1 (35.3) 2.0 (33.3) $ 1.0 — (4.9) 4.6 (0.7) (0.6) 0.1 — (0.5) (70.3) (2.2) (72.5) $ (0.4) 0.5 (3.2) 4.3 (0.8) (0.3) 1.4 (0.6) 0.9 231.4 (2.2) 229.2 Net Income (Loss) Other Comprehensive Income (Loss), net of tax: Unrealized interest rate hedging gain (loss) Impact of reclassification adjustment to interest expense included in Net Income (Loss) Defined benefit pension plans: Actuarial gain (loss) Amortization of net loss included in net periodic benefit cost Amortization of prior service credit included in net periodic benefit cost Curtailment (gain)/loss Settlement (gain)/loss Income taxes related to other comprehensive income (loss) Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax Comprehensive Income (Loss) Comprehensive income (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interest Comprehensive Income (Loss) Attributable to A&B Shareholders $ See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements. 50 ALEXANDER & BALDWIN, INC. CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS (In millions) Year Ended December 31, 2018 2017 2019 Cash Flows from Operating Activities: Net income (loss) Adjustments to reconcile net income (loss) to net cash provided by (used in) operations: $ (38.4) $ (69.8) $ 230.5 Depreciation and amortization Deferred income taxes Loss (gain) on asset transactions, net Impairment of assets and equity method investments Share-based compensation expense (Income) loss from affiliates, net of distributions of income Changes in operating assets and liabilities: Trade, contracts retention, and other contract receivables Inventories Prepaid expenses, income tax receivable and other assets Accrued pension and post-retirement benefits Accounts payable Accrued and other liabilities Real estate development for sale proceeds, net of margins recognized in net income (loss) Expenditures for real estate development for sale Net cash provided by (used in) operations Cash Flows from Investing Activities: Capital expenditures for acquisitions Capital expenditures for property, plant and equipment Proceeds from disposal of property, investments and other assets Payments for purchases of investments in affiliates and other investments Distributions of capital from investments in affiliates and other investments Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities Cash Flows from Financing Activities: Proceeds from issuance of notes payable and other debt Payments of notes payable and other debt and deferred financing costs Borrowings (payments) on line-of-credit agreement, net Distribution to noncontrolling interests Cash dividends paid Proceeds from issuance (repurchase) of capital stock and other, net Payment of deferred acquisition holdback Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities Cash, Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash Net increase (decrease) in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash Balance, beginning of period Balance, end of period 50.5 — (2.6) 49.7 5.4 (1.4) 8.5 5.7 28.5 4.6 (12.9) 3.2 65.1 (8.3) 157.6 (218.4) (36.7) 4.4 (3.3) 13.6 (240.4) 125.9 (203.9) (0.3) (0.3) (50.0) (1.0) (7.1) (136.7) 42.8 16.6 (54.0) 268.0 4.7 12.9 (4.2) 5.5 (13.2) 3.6 (9.0) 74.2 58.4 (26.6) 309.9 (241.7) (54.4) 171.7 (22.6) 42.3 (104.7) 548.4 (467.8) 4.7 (0.7) (156.6) (1.5) — (73.5) 41.4 (199.0) (35.1) 22.4 4.4 5.5 (2.4) 11.4 (23.0) (47.4) 3.3 (40.1) 47.6 (20.8) (1.3) (10.1) (32.4) 47.2 (41.9) 33.3 (3.9) 292.5 (181.0) 2.6 (0.5) (10.3) (7.2) — 96.1 (219.5) 234.9 15.4 $ 131.7 103.2 234.9 $ 90.9 12.3 103.2 $ 51 Year Ended December 31, 2018 2017 2019 Other Cash Flow Information: Interest paid, net of capitalized interest Income tax (payments)/refunds, net Noncash Investing and Financing Activities: Capital expenditures included in accounts payable and accrued and other liabilities Fair value of loan assumed in connection with acquisition Uncollected proceeds from disposal of equipment Real estate exchanged for note receivable Right-of-use ("ROU") assets and corresponding lease liability recorded upon ASC 842 adoption Finance lease liabilities arising from obtaining ROU assets Issuance of shares for stock dividend Dividends declared Reconciliation of cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash: Beginning of the period: Cash and cash equivalents Restricted cash Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash End of the period: Cash and cash equivalents Restricted cash Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements. $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ (32.5) $ $ 25.8 (34.4) $ $ 2.6 (24.9) (4.0) 4.4 $ — $ — $ — $ $ 31.0 3.4 $ — $ — $ 1.4 61.0 $ $ — $ — $ — $ — $ $ — $ 626.4 11.4 223.5 234.9 15.2 0.2 15.4 $ $ $ $ 68.9 34.3 103.2 11.4 223.5 234.9 $ $ $ $ 4.5 — 1.9 2.5 — — — 783.0 2.2 10.1 12.3 68.9 34.3 103.2 52 ALEXANDER & BALDWIN, INC. CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF EQUITY (In millions, except per share amounts) Total Equity Accumulated Other Compre- hensive Income (Loss) (Distribution in Excess of Accumulated Earnings) Earnings Surplus Non- Controlling Interest $ (43.2) $ — $ 95.2 228.3 Common Stock Stated Value $1,157.3 — Shares 49.0 — Redeem- able Non- Controlling Interest $ — — — 0.9 — — — 4.4 — $1,161.7 $ — — — (42.3) $ — — — 626.4 — — (9.1) (0.5) — — — (793.3) — 3.7 — (6.9) (473.0) $ (72.0) 7.7 — — — 0.6 4.7 — $1,793.4 $ — — — (51.9) $ — — (1.6) (538.9) $ — — — 5.7 0.6 4.7 (1.6) $1,208.3 $ (36.4) (2.1) (38.5) — — — — — 3.1 — — — (50.0) — — — 0.3 72.3 1.4 5.4 (0.1) $1,800.1 $ — — — (48.8) $ — — (0.9) (626.2) $ Total $1,213.2 229.3 0.9 3.9 1.0 — — (0.2) (793.3) (0.2) — — — 4.7 1.5 — — — (0.5) 3.7 4.4 (6.9) $ 651.1 $ (70.5) (1.4) (0.5) 626.4 (0.5) — — — — — — 3.6 3.1 (50.0) — 1.4 5.4 (1.0) $1,128.7 $ 10.8 1.2 — — (0.3) (3.7) — — 8.0 0.7 — — — (0.2) (0.6) — — 7.9 0.1 — — (0.3) (1.4) — — 6.3 Balance, January 1, 2017 Net income (loss) Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax Dividend on common stock ($16.13 per share) Distributions to noncontrolling interest Adjustments to redemption value of redeemable noncontrolling interest (Note 17) Share-based compensation Shares issued or repurchased, net Balance, December 31, 2017 Net income (loss) Impact of adoption of new accounting standards Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax Stock dividend ($11.65 per share) Distributions to noncontrolling interest Adjustments to redemption value of redeemable noncontrolling interest (Note 17) Share-based compensation Shares issued or repurchased, net Balance, December 31, 2018 Net income (loss) Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax Dividend on common stock ($0.69 per share) Distributions to noncontrolling interest Adjustments to redemption value of redeemable noncontrolling interest (Note 17) Share-based compensation Shares issued or repurchased, net Balance, December 31, 2019 — — — — — 0.3 49.3 — — — 22.6 — — — 0.1 72.0 — — — — See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements. 53 Alexander & Baldwin, Inc. Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements 1. BACKGROUND AND BASIS OF PRESENTATION Description of Business: Alexander & Baldwin, Inc. ("A&B" or the "Company") is a real estate investment trust ("REIT") headquartered in Honolulu, Hawai‘i. The Company operates three segments: Commercial Real Estate; Land Operations; and Materials & Construction. A description of each of the Company's reporting segments is as follows: • Commercial Real Estate ("CRE") functions as a vertically integrated real estate investment company with core competencies in investments and acquisitions (i.e., raising capital, identifying opportunities and acquiring properties); construction and development (i.e., designing and ground-up development of new properties or repositioning and redevelopment of existing properties); in-house leasing and property management (i.e., executing new and renegotiating renewal lease arrangements, managing its properties' day-to-day operations and maintaining positive tenant relationships); and asset management (i.e., maintaining, upgrading and enhancing its portfolio of high-quality improved properties). The segment's preferred asset classes include improved properties in retail and industrial spaces and also urban ground leases. Its focus within improved retail properties, in particular, is on grocery-anchored neighborhood shopping centers that meet the daily needs of Hawai‘i citizens. Through its core competencies and with its experience and relationships in Hawai‘i, the Company seeks to create special places and experiences for Hawai‘i residents as well as providing venues and opportunities for tenants to thrive. Income from this segment is principally generated by owning, operating and leasing real estate assets. • Land Operations involves the management and optimization of the Company's historical landholdings primarily through the following activities: planning and entitlement of real property to facilitate sales; selling undeveloped land; and other operationally-diverse legacy business activities to employ its landholdings at their highest and best use. Financial results from this segment are principally derived from real estate development sales, land parcel sales, income/loss from real estate joint ventures and other legacy business activities. • Materials & Construction ("M&C") operates as Hawai‘i's largest asphalt paving contractor and is one of the state's largest natural materials and infrastructure construction companies. Such activities are primarily conducted through the Company's wholly-owned subsidiary, Grace Pacific LLC ("Grace Pacific"), a materials and construction company in Hawai‘i. Grace Pacific owns hot-mix asphalt plants throughout the state that support its internal paving operations and third- party customers. Grace Pacific also owns and operates a rock quarry and processing plant in Makakilo, Hawai‘i. In addition, Grace Pacific offers a variety of related for-sale and for-rent services including temporary and permanent roadway traffic control (GP Roadway Solutions, Inc. or "GPRS"), structural precast/prestressed concrete (GP/RM Prestress, LLC or "GPRM") and other related products and services. Grace Pacific also holds a 50% interest in an unconsolidated affiliate, Maui Paving, LLC ("Maui Paving"), which operates primarily on the island of Maui. Additional activity in the M&C segment includes its share of the results of operations of an unconsolidated investment, Pohaku Pa‘a LLC ("Pohaku"). Pohaku, through its wholly-owned subsidiaries, operates rock quarries on the islands of Oahu and Maui and sells a wide range of products that include ready-mix concrete, rock and sand aggregates and cultured stone and related products. As of December 31, 2019, the Company owns a portfolio of commercial real estate improved properties in Hawai‘i consisting of 22 retail centers, ten industrial assets and four office properties, representing a total of 3.9 million square feet of gross leasable area; it also owns a portfolio of ground leases in Hawai‘i representing 153.8 acres as of December 31, 2019. Basis of Presentation and Principles of Consolidation: The Company presents its financial statements in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States ("GAAP") as outlined in the Financial Accounting Standard Board ("FASB") Accounting Standards Codification (the "Codification" or "ASC"). The Codification is the single source of authoritative accounting principles applied by nongovernmental entities in the preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP. The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company (including all wholly-owned subsidiaries), as well as all other entities in which the Company has a controlling financial interest. Intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated in consolidation. Significant investments in businesses, partnerships and limited liability companies in which the Company does not have a controlling financial interest, but the Company has the ability to exercise significant influence, are accounted for using the equity method. 54 A controlling financial interest in an entity may be established (i) through the Company holding a majority voting interest or (ii) if the Company is the primary beneficiary of an entity that qualifies as a variable interest entity ("VIE"), as defined in the Codification. The Company evaluates all partnerships, joint ventures and other arrangements with variable interests to determine if the entity or arrangement qualifies as a VIE. VIEs are entities where investors lack sufficient equity at risk for the entity to finance its activities without additional subordinated financial support or where equity investors, as a group, lack one of the following characteristics: (a) the power to direct the activities that most significantly impact the entity’s economic performance, (b) the obligation to absorb the expected losses of the entity, or (c) the right to receive the expected returns of the entity. If the entity or arrangement qualifies as a VIE and the Company is determined to be the primary beneficiary, the Company is required to consolidate the assets, liabilities, and results of operations of the VIE. The Company reevaluates whether an entity is a VIE as needed (i.e., when assessing reconsideration events that result in changes in the factors mentioned above) as part of determining if the consolidation or equity method treatment remains appropriate. As of December 31, 2019, the Company had an interest in various unconsolidated joint ventures that the Company accounts for using the equity method. Other than the obligations described in Note 14. "Commitments and Contingencies," obligations of the Company's joint ventures do not have recourse to the Company and the Company's maximum exposure is limited to its investment. The consolidated financial statements include the results of GPRM, a supplier in the precast concrete industry, and GLP Asphalt, LLC ("GLP"), an importer and distributor of liquid asphalt, which are owned 51% and 70%, respectively. These entities are consolidated because the Company holds a controlling financial interest through its majority voting interest in the entities. The remaining interest in these entities is reported as noncontrolling interest in the consolidated financial statements. Profits, losses and cash distributions are allocated in accordance with the respective operating agreements. Use of Estimates: The preparation of the consolidated financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported. Estimates and assumptions are used for, but not limited to: (i) asset impairments, including intangible assets and goodwill, (ii) litigation and contingencies, (iii) revenue recognition for long- term real estate developments and construction contracts, (iv) pension and postretirement estimates, and (v) income taxes. Future results could be materially affected if actual results differ from these estimates and assumptions. Customer Concentration: A significant portion of Materials & Construction revenue and accounts receivable is generated directly and indirectly from projects administered by the City and County of Honolulu and from the State of Hawai‘i. Reductions in funding of infrastructure projects by these government agencies could reduce our revenue and profits from our M&C segment. Further, although the customer mix of real estate sales in any given period in our Land Operations segment may be diverse in any given period, during the year ended December 31, 2018, the Land Operations segment recognized $162.2 million of gross profit in connection with the sale of approximately 41,000 acres of Maui agricultural land and 100% of the Company's ownership interest in Central Maui Feedstocks LLC and Kulolio Ranch LLC (collectively referred to as the "Agricultural Land Sale") in December 2018. Reclassifications: During the first quarter of 2019, the Company changed the presentation of its balance sheet to be unclassified in order to be comparable with other REIT peers. The change was applied to all periods presented retrospectively. Previously reported captions for Total assets, Total liabilities and captions within Equity were not impacted. In November 2018, the Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC") finalized the Disclosure Update Simplification Project, which eliminated Rule 3-15(a)(1) reporting of Gain or Loss on Sale of Properties by REITs. To conform with ASC 360 and the SEC rule change, the Company has classified the gain on dispositions of real estate assets in operating income in the Company’s consolidated statements of operations. The Company reclassified the prior periods to conform to the current year presentation. This change resulted in an increase in operating income of $9.3 million during the year ended December 31, 2017. Rounding: Amounts in the consolidated financial statements and notes are rounded to the nearest tenth of a million. Accordingly, a recalculation of some per-share amounts and percentages, if based on the reported data, may result in differences. 2. SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES Real estate property, net: Real estate property, net primarily represents long-lived physical assets associated with the CRE segment's leasing activity (e.g., improved property leases and ground leases); it also includes landholdings and related assets in the Land Operations segment that the Company holds for either possible future development or future monetization as part of its simplification strategy. The balance primarily consists of land, buildings and improvements and is recorded at cost, net of accumulated depreciation. Expenditures for additions, improvements and other enhancements to real estate properties are capitalized, and minor replacements, maintenance and repairs that do not improve or extend asset lives are charged to expense as incurred. When assets 55 related to real estate properties are retired or otherwise disposed of, the related cost and accumulated depreciation is removed from the accounts and any resulting gain or loss is included in results of operations for the respective period. Certain costs are capitalized related to the development and redevelopment of real estate properties, including pre- construction costs; real estate taxes; insurance; construction costs; and salaries and related costs of personnel directly involved. Additionally, the Company makes estimates as to the probability of certain development and redevelopment projects being completed. If the Company determines the development or redevelopment is no longer probable of completion, the Company expenses all capitalized costs which are not recoverable. Acquisitions of real estate properties: Acquisitions of real estate properties are evaluated to determine if they should be accounted for as asset acquisitions or business combinations. Under current guidance, acquisitions of real estate properties are generally considered asset acquisitions. Under asset acquisition accounting, the Company estimates the fair value of acquired tangible assets (consisting of land, buildings and tenant improvements), identifiable intangible assets and liabilities (consisting of above- and below- market leases and in-place leases), and assumed debt based on an evaluation of available information at the date of the acquisition. Based on these estimates, the purchase consideration is allocated to the acquired assets and assumed liabilities. Transaction costs incurred during the acquisition process are capitalized as a component of the purchase consideration. In estimating the fair value of the tangible and intangible assets acquired, the Company considers information obtained about each property as a result of its due diligence and marketing and leasing activities and uses various valuation methods, such as estimated cash flow projections using appropriate discount and capitalization rates, analysis of recent comparable sales transactions, estimates of replacement costs net of depreciation and other available market information. The fair value of the tangible assets of an acquired property considers the value of the property as if it were vacant. Above-market and below-market lease values are estimated based on the present value (using a discount rate reflecting the risks associated with leases acquired) of the difference between: (i) the contractual amounts to be paid pursuant to the leases negotiated and in-place at the time of acquisition and (ii) management’s estimate of fair market lease rates for the property or an equivalent property, measured over a period equal to the remaining term of the lease for above-market leases and the initial term plus the estimated term of any below-market, fixed-rate renewal options for below-market leases. The capitalized above- and below-market lease values are amortized to base rental revenue over the related lease term plus fixed-rate renewal options, as appropriate. The purchase price is further allocated to in-place lease values and tenant relationship values based on management's evaluation of the specific characteristics of the acquired lease portfolio and the Company's overall relationship with the anchor tenants. Such amounts are amortized to expense over the remaining initial lease term (and expected renewal periods for tenant relationships). Real estate developments: Real estate developments represent certain costs capitalized and presented in the Land Operations segment that relate to (i) active real estate development projects intended for sale or (ii) potential future real estate development projects intended for lease that would be part of future CRE segment operations. For potential future real estate development projects intended for lease, when management with the relevant authority has approved expenditures for activities clearly associated with the development and construction of a CRE segment project (generally after all required government agency approvals have been obtained), the capitalized costs associated with such project (i.e., historical cost of land) will be presented as Real estate property, net. Certain costs capitalized relating to active real estate development projects intended for sale may include pre-construction costs (e.g., costs related to land acquisition); construction costs (e.g., grading, roads, water and sewage systems, landscaping and project amenities); direct overhead costs (e.g., utilities, maintenance, insurance and real estate taxes); capitalized interest; and salaries and related costs of personnel directly involved. For development projects, capitalized costs are allocated using the direct method for expenditures that are specifically associated with the unit being sold and the relative-sales-value method for expenditures that benefit the entire project. Direct overhead costs incurred after the development project is substantially complete and ready to be marketed are charged to selling, general and administrative expense as incurred. All indirect overhead costs are charged to selling, general and administrative costs as incurred. Cash flows related to active real estate development projects intended for sale are classified as operating activities. Capitalized Interest: Interest costs on developments and major redevelopments are capitalized as part of real estate development and redevelopment projects that have not yet been placed into service. Capitalization of interest commences when development activities and expenditures begin and end when the asset is substantially complete and ready for its intended use or 56 ready to be marketed. Total interest costs incurred were $34.1 million, $35.9 million, and $26.4 million in 2019, 2018 and 2017, respectively. Capitalized interest costs related to development activities were $1.0 million, $0.6 million and $0.8 million in 2019, 2018 and 2017, respectively. Other property, net: Other property, net represents all other long-lived physical assets other than those presented in Real estate property, net and Real estate developments. The balance primarily consists of long-lived assets in the M&C segment, but also contains corporate long-lived physical assets and Land Operations long-lived physical assets that are used in other Land Operations activities and are not presented in Real estate property, net or Real estate developments above. Other property, net is stated at cost, net of accumulated depreciation. Expenditures for major renewals and betterments are capitalized. Replacements, maintenance and repairs that do not improve or extend asset lives are charged to expense as incurred. As of December 31, 2019 and 2018 other property, net was as follows (in millions): Land Buildings Asphalt plants, machinery and equipment Water, power and sewer systems Other property improvements Subtotal Accumulated depreciation Other property, net 2019 2018 $ $ 38.4 19.7 105.5 30.6 6.8 201.0 (76.6) 124.4 $ $ 42.2 20.4 116.7 33.0 8.1 220.4 (84.9) 135.5 Depreciation: Depreciation and amortization is computed using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the assets or the units-of-production method for quarry production-related assets. Estimated useful lives of property are as follows: Classification Building and improvements Leasehold improvements Water, power and sewer systems Asphalt plants, machinery and equipment Other property improvements Range of Life (in years) 10 to 40 5 to 10 (lesser of useful life or lease term) 5 to 50 2 to 35 3 to 35 Depreciation expense for the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017 was $35.6 million, $32.5 million and $32.3 million, respectively. Intangible Assets: Real estate intangible assets are recorded on the consolidated balance sheets as Real estate intangible assets, net and are generally related to the acquisition of commercial real estate properties. Intangible assets acquired in 2019, 2018 and 2017 were as follows: 2019 2018 2017 Amount Weighted Average Life (Years) Amount Weighted Average Life (Years) Amount Weighted Average Life (Years) In-place leases $ Favorable leases 23.2 4.3 $ 8.2 4.7 32.0 6.7 12.4 $ 11.7 0.2 0.1 2.2 1.1 Real Estate intangible assets, net as of December 31, 2019 and 2018 were as follows (in millions): In-place leases Favorable leases Amortization of in-place leases Amortization of favorable leases Real estate intangible assets, net $ $ 2019 2018 125.2 29.0 (63.4) (15.9) 74.9 $ $ 57 102.1 24.6 (53.2) (13.7) 59.8 Other intangible assets are included in Prepaid expenses and other assets in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets. As of December 31, 2019 and 2018, the gross carrying amount of other intangible assets was $20.2 million and $16.3 million, with related accumulated amortization of $7.9 million and $6.5 million, respectively. Aggregate intangible asset amortization expense was $12.5 million, $8.7 million, and $6.0 million for 2019, 2018 and 2017, respectively. Estimated amortization expenses related to intangible assets over the next five years are as follows (in millions): 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 Estimated Amortization $ 12.5 10.2 8.4 7.5 5.3 In situations in which a lease or leases with a tenant have been, or are expected to be, terminated early, the Company evaluates the remaining useful lives of depreciable or amortizable assets of the associated assets related to the lease terminated (i.e., tenant improvements, above and below market lease intangibles, in-place lease value and leasing commissions). Based upon consideration of the facts and circumstances surrounding the termination, the Company may accelerate the depreciation and amortization of such associated assets. Cash and Cash Equivalents: Cash equivalents consist of highly liquid investments with a maturity of three months or less at the date of purchase. The Company carries these investments at cost, which approximates fair value. Restricted Cash: The Company's restricted cash balance at December 31, 2018 of $223.5 million primarily consisted of proceeds from §1031 tax-deferred sales held in escrow pending future use to purchase new real estate assets. There were no material amounts of proceeds from §1031 tax-deferred sales in the balance as of December 31, 2019. Allowance for Doubtful Accounts: Allowances for doubtful accounts are established by management based on estimates of collectability. Estimates of collectability are principally based on an evaluation of the current financial condition of the Company’s customers and their payment history, which are regularly monitored by the Company. The changes in the allowance for doubtful accounts, included on the consolidated balance sheets as an offset to Accounts receivable, net for the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017, were as follows (in millions): Balance at Beginning of Year $2.0 $1.4 $1.0 Provision for Bad Debt $1.9 $1.3 $1.0 Write-offs and Other $(1.2) $(0.7) $(0.6) Balance at End of Year $2.7 $2.0 $1.4 2019 2018 2017 As of December 31, 2019, the Company's allowances for doubtful accounts relate only to accounts receivable in the M&C segment (unrelated to leases). Notes receivable: The Company's notes receivable are recorded at cost within Other receivables on the consolidated balance sheets. Generally, a loans allowance is established when the Company determines that it will be unable to collect any remaining amounts due under the agreement. Inventories: Inventories are stated at the lower of cost (principally average cost, first-in, first-out basis) or net realizable value. Inventories as of December 31, 2019 and 2018 were as follows (in millions): Asphalt Processed rock and sand Work in progress Retail merchandise Parts, materials and supplies inventories Total 2019 2018 $ $ 8.0 6.6 2.9 2.0 1.2 20.7 $ $ 9.4 9.5 4.0 2.0 1.6 26.5 58 Leases - The Company as Lessee: The Company determines if an arrangement is a lease at inception by considering whether that arrangement conveys the right to use an identified asset for a period of time in exchange for consideration. Operating leases are included in Operating lease right-of-use assets ("ROU assets") and Operating lease liabilities in the Company's consolidated balance sheets. ROU assets and lease liabilities related to finance leases are included in Other property, net and Notes payable and other debt, respectively, in the Company's consolidated balance sheets. ROU assets represent the Company's right to use an underlying asset for the lease term and lease liabilities represent the obligation to make lease payments arising from the lease. ROU assets and lease liabilities are recognized at commencement date based on the present value of lease payments over the lease term. As most of the Company's leases do not provide an implicit rate and are not readily determinable, the Company uses its incremental borrowing rate based on the estimated rate of interest for collateralized borrowing over a similar term of the lease payments at commencement date. ROU assets also include any lease payments made at or before the commencement date and excludes any lease incentives received. Lease terms may include options to extend or terminate the lease when it is reasonably certain that the Company will exercise that option. Operating lease expense for lease payments is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term. In connection with its application of the lease guidance, the Company has evaluated the lease and non-lease components within its leases where it is the lessee and has elected, for all classes of underling assets, the practical expedient to present lease and non-lease components in its lease agreements as one component. The Company has also elected, for all classes of underlying assets, to not recognize lease liabilities and lease assets for leases with a term of 12 months or less. Goodwill: The Company reviews goodwill for impairment at the reporting unit level annually or between annual tests if an event occurs or circumstances change that would more likely than not reduce the fair value of the reporting unit below its carrying amount. If the results of the Company's test indicates that a reporting unit's estimated fair value is less than its carrying value, an impairment charge is recognized for the amount by which the carrying amount exceeds the reporting unit's fair value, not to exceed the total amount of goodwill allocated to that reporting unit. Refer to Note 22, "Goodwill," for additional detail. Fair Value Measurements: ASC Topic 820, Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures ("ASC 820"), as amended, establishes a fair value hierarchy, which requires the Company to maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs when measuring fair value. The hierarchy places the highest priority on unadjusted quoted market prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities (Level 1 measurements) and assigns the lowest priority to unobservable inputs (Level 3 measurements). The three levels of inputs within the hierarchy are defined as follows: Level 1: Quoted prices (unadjusted) for identical assets or liabilities in active markets. Level 2: Significant other observable inputs other than Level 1 prices, such as quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities, quoted prices in markets that are not active, or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data. Level 3: Significant unobservable inputs that reflect the Company’s own assumptions about the assumptions that market participants would use in pricing an asset or liability. If the technique used to measure fair value includes inputs from multiple levels of the fair value hierarchy, the lowest level of significant input determines the placement of the entire fair value measurement in the hierarchy. The Company records its interest rate swaps at fair value. The fair values of the Company's interest rate swaps (Level 2 measurements) are based on the estimated amounts that the Company would receive or pay to terminate the contracts at the reporting date and are determined using interest rate pricing models and interest rate related observable inputs. See Note 15, "Derivative Instruments," for fair value information regarding the Company's derivative instruments. The fair value of the Company's cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, net and short-term borrowings approximate their carrying values due to the short-term nature of the instruments. The fair value of the Company's notes receivable approximates the carrying amount of $15.7 million at December 31, 2019. The fair value and carrying amount of these notes was $16.3 million at December 31, 2018. The fair value of these notes is estimated using a discounted cash flow analysis in which the Company uses unobservable inputs such as market interest rates determined by the loan-to-value and market capitalization rates related to the underlying collateral at which management believes similar loans would be made and classified as a Level 3 measurement in the fair value hierarchy. 59 The carrying amount and fair value of the Company's debt at December 31, 2019 was $704.6 million and $727.3 million, respectively, and $778.1 million and $758.0 million, respectively, at December 31, 2018. The fair value of debt is calculated by discounting the future cash flows of the debt at rates based on instruments with similar risk, terms and maturities as compared to the Company's existing debt arrangements (Level 3). During the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017, the Company recorded aggregate impairment charges of $49.7 million, $79.4 million and $22.4 million related to goodwill and/or other long-lived assets. During the year ended December 31, 2018, the Company recorded an other-than-temporary-impairment charge of $188.6 million related to equity method investments. See further discussion in the respective sections below. The Company has classified the fair value measurements as a Level 3 measurement in the fair value hierarchy because they involve significant unobservable inputs such as cash flow projections, discount rates and management assumptions. Self-Insured Liabilities: The Company is self-insured for certain losses that include, but are not limited to, employee health, workers’ compensation, general liability, real and personal property, and real estate construction warranty and defect claims. When feasible, the Company obtains third-party insurance coverage to limit its exposure to these claims. When estimating its self- insured liabilities, the Company considers a number of factors, including historical claims experience, demographic factors, and valuations provided by independent third-parties. Revenue Recognition and Leases - The Company as a Lessor: Sources of revenue for the Company primarily include commercial property rentals, sales of real estate, real estate development projects, material sales and paving construction projects. The Company generates revenue from three distinct business segments: Commercial Real Estate: The Commercial Real Estate segment owns, operates, leases, and manages a portfolio of retail, office, and industrial properties in Hawai‘i; it also leases urban land in Hawai‘i to third-party lessees. Commercial Real Estate revenue is recognized under lease accounting guidance with the Company as lessor. Leases - The Company as Lessor: The Company reviews its contracts to determine if they qualify as a lease. A contract is determined to be a lease when the right to substantially all of the economic benefits and to direct the use of an identified asset is transferred to a customer over a defined period of time for consideration. During this review, the Company evaluates among other items, asset specification, substitution rights, purchase options, operating rights and control over the asset during the contract period. The Company has lease agreements with lease and non-lease components, which are generally accounted for separately under ASC 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers. The Company has elected the practical expedient to not separate non- lease components from lease components for all classes of underlying assets where the component follows the same timing and pattern as the lease component and the lease component is classified as an operating lease. Non-lease components included in rental revenue primarily consist of tenant reimbursements for common area maintenance and other services paid for by the lessor and utilized by the lessee. Under the practical expedient, the Company accounts for the single, combined component under leasing guidance as the lease component is the predominant component in the contract. Rental revenue is primarily derived from operating leases and, therefore, is generally recognized on a straight-line basis over the term of the lease. Fixed contractual payments from the Company's leases are recognized on a straight-line basis over the terms of the respective leases. Straight-line rental revenue commences when the customer assumes control of the leased premises. Accrued straight-line rents receivable represents the amount by which straight-line rental revenue exceeds rents currently billed in accordance with lease agreements. Certain of the Company's lease agreements include terms for contingent rental revenue (e.g. percentage rents based on tenant sales volume) and tenant reimbursed property taxes, which are both accounted for as variable payments. Certain of the Company's leases include termination and/or extension options. Termination options allow the customer to terminate the lease prior to the end of the lease term under specific circumstances. The Company's extension options generally require a re-negotiation with the customer at market rates. Initial direct costs, primarily commissions, related to the leasing of properties are capitalized on the balance sheet and amortized over the lease term. All other costs to negotiate or arrange a lease are expensed as incurred. Accounts receivable related to leases are regularly evaluated for collectability, considering factors including, but not limited to, the credit quality of the customer, historical trends of the customer, and changes in customer payment terms. Upon determination that the collectability of a customer receivable is not probable, the Company will reverse the receivable and record a corresponding reduction of revenue previously recognized. Subsequent revenue is recorded on a cash basis until collectability on related billings becomes probable. 60 Land Operations: Revenues from sales of real estate are recognized at the point in time when control of the underlying goods is transferred to the customer and the payment is due (generally on the closing date). For certain development projects, the Company will use a percentage of completion for revenue recognition. Under this method, the amount of revenue recognized is based on the development costs that have been incurred throughout the reporting period as a percentage of total expected developments associated with the development project. Materials & Construction: Revenue from the Materials & Construction segment is primarily generated from material sales and paving and construction contracts. The recognition of revenue is based on the underlying terms of the transactions. Materials: Revenues from material sales, which include basalt aggregate, liquid asphalt and hot mix asphalt, are usually recognized at a point in time when control of the underlying goods is transferred to the customers (generally this occurs when materials are picked up by customers or their agents) and when the Company has a present right to payment for materials sold. Construction: The Company's construction contracts generally contain a single performance obligation as the promise to transfer individual goods or services are not separately identifiable from other promises in the contracts and is, therefore, not distinct. Revenue is earned from construction contracts over a period of time as control is continuously transferred to customers. Construction contracts can generally be categorized into two types of contracts with customers based on the respective payment terms; either lump sum or unit priced. Lump sum contracts require the total amount of work be performed under a single fixed price irrespective of actual quantities or actual costs. Earnings on both unit price contracts and lump sum fixed-price paving contracts are recognized using the percentage of completion, cost-to-cost, input method, as it is able to faithfully depict the transfer of control of the underlying assets to the customer. Related to its long-term construction contracts, due to the nature of the work required to be performed, estimating total revenue and cost at completion of the contract is complex, subject to many variables and requires significant judgment. Such estimates of contract revenue and cost are dependent on a number of factors that may change during a contract performance period, resulting in changes to estimated contract profitability. These factors include, but are not limited to, the completeness and accuracy of the original bid; changes in the timing of scheduled work; change orders; unusual weather conditions; changes in costs of labor and/or materials; changes in productivity expectations; and the expected, or actual, resolution terms for claims. Management evaluates changes in estimates on a contract by contract basis and uses the cumulative catch-up method to account for the changes in the period in which they are determined. Certain construction contracts include retainage provisions. The balances billed but not paid by customers pursuant to these provisions generally become due upon completion and acceptance of the project work or products by the owners. The Company deems its contract prices reflective of the standalone selling prices of the underlying goods and services since the contracts are required to go through a competitive bidding process. On a consolidated basis, in addition to disclosing amounts recorded as contract assets or contract liabilities in its consolidated balance sheets, the Company discloses information about the amount of contract consideration allocated to either wholly unsatisfied or partially satisfied performance obligations (refer to Note 6, "Revenue and Contract Balances"). Related to this disclosure, the Company has elected to not disclose information about the amount of contract consideration allocated to remaining performance obligations for certain contracts that have original expected durations of one year or less. Although rare, this may occur with contracts for sales of real estate that are executed as of the end of the period with control of the underlying assets to be transferred to the customer subsequent to the end of the period. The closing date of such transactions will generally occur within one year or less of the contract execution date. Impairment of Long-Lived Assets and Finite-Lived Intangible Assets: Long-lived assets, including finite-lived intangible assets, are reviewed for possible impairment when events or circumstances indicate that the carrying value may not be recoverable. In such an evaluation, the estimated future undiscounted cash flows generated by the asset are compared with the amount recorded for the asset to determine if its carrying value is not recoverable. If this review determines that the recorded value will not be recovered, the amount recorded for the asset is reduced to estimated fair value. The measurement of fair value involves judgments and estimates including, but not limited to, the timing and amount of future cash flows, expected useful lives of the assets, comparable replacement assets, uncertainty about future events, such as changes in economic conditions, changes in operating performance, and changes in the use of the assets and ongoing costs of maintenance and improvements of the assets. If management uses different assumptions or if different conditions occur in future periods, the Company’s financial condition or its future financial results could be materially impacted. In the year ended December 31, 2019, the Company did not recognize any impairments of long- lived assets or finite-lived intangible assets. 61 During the fourth quarter of 2018, the Company concluded that the carrying values of certain paving and quarry assets in its Materials & Construction segment were not recoverable due primarily to persisting, competitive market pressures that have negatively affected sales and margins. As a result, the Company recorded impairment charges of $40.6 million during the fourth quarter of 2018 to reduce the carrying amounts to the estimated fair value. The Company classified these fair value measurements as Level 3. The weighted average discount rate used in the intangible valuation was 13.5%. Changes to Materials & Construction fixed assets and intangible assets for the year ended December 31, 2018 consisted of the following (in millions): Intangible Assets Balance, January 1, 2018 Additions to intangible assets Amortization Intangible impairment Balance, December 31, 2018 Materials & Construction 16.5 $ — (0.9) (7.0) 8.6 $ Fixed Assets Balance, January 1, 2018 Additions to fixed assets Depreciation Fixed asset impairment Balance, December 31, 2018 Materials & Construction 139.5 $ 11.1 (11.2) (33.6) 105.8 $ During the year ended December 31, 2017, the Company recorded aggregate impairment charges of $22.4 million related to certain of the Company's U.S. Mainland commercial properties that were classified as held for sale. The impaired assets were measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis subsequent to their initial recognition. The Company estimated the fair values of these long-lived assets based on the Company’s own judgments about the assumptions that market participants would use in pricing the real estate assets and available, observable market data. The Company classified these fair value measurements as Level 3. Impairment of Investments in Affiliates: The Company's investments in affiliates that are accounted for under the equity method are reviewed for impairment whenever there is evidence that fair value may be below carrying cost. An investment is written down to fair value if fair value is below carrying cost and the impairment is believed to be other-than-temporary. Refer to Note 5, "Investments in Affiliates," for further discussion. Share-Based Compensation: The Company records compensation expense for all share-based payment awards made to employees and directors. The Company’s various equity plans are more fully described in Note 13, "Share-Based Payment Awards." Employee Benefit Plans: The Company provides a wide range of benefits to existing employees and retired employees, including single-employer defined benefit plans, postretirement, defined contribution plans, post-employment and health care benefits. The Company records amounts relating to these plans based on various actuarial assumptions, including discount rates, assumed rates of return, compensation increases, turnover rates and health care cost rate trends. The Company reviews its actuarial assumptions on an annual basis and makes modifications to the assumptions based on current economic conditions and trends. The Company believes that the assumptions utilized in recording obligations under the Company’s plans, which are presented in Note 11, "Employee Benefit Plans," are reasonable based on its experience and on advice from its independent actuaries; however, differences in actual experience or changes in the assumptions may materially affect the Company’s financial position or results of operations. Interest and other income (expense), net for the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017 included the following (in millions): Pension and postretirement benefit (expense) Interest income Gain (loss) on sale of joint venture interest Reductions in solar investments, net Other income (expense) Interest and other income (expense), net 2019 2018 2017 (3.1) $ 3.0 2.6 (0.1) 0.8 3.2 $ (3.0) $ 1.5 4.2 (0.5) 0.1 2.3 $ (3.8) 5.3 — (2.6) 0.6 (0.5) $ $ Income Taxes: The Company makes certain estimates and judgments in determining income tax expense for financial statement purposes. These estimates and judgments are applied in the calculation of tax credits, tax benefits and deductions, and in the calculation of certain deferred tax assets and liabilities, which arise from differences in the timing of recognition of revenue and expense for tax and financial statement purposes. Deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities are adjusted to the extent necessary to reflect tax rates expected to be in effect when the temporary differences reverse. Adjustments may be required to deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities due to changes in tax laws and audit adjustments by tax authorities. To the extent 62 adjustments are required in any given period, the adjustments would be included within the tax provision in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations. Discontinued Operations: In December 2016, the Company completed its final sugar harvest and ceased its sugar operations. Costs related to the cessation of sugar operations are presented as discontinued operations in the consolidated statements of operations. Liabilities related to the cessation of sugar operations are presented within Accrued and other liabilities in the consolidated balance sheets. See Note 4, "Discontinued Operations," and Note 18, "Cessation of Sugar Operations," for additional detail. Earnings Per Share (“EPS”): Basic and diluted earnings per share are computed and disclosed in accordance with ASC Topic 260, Earnings Per Share. The Company utilizes the two-class method to compute earnings available to common shareholders. Under the two-class method, earnings are adjusted by accretion amounts to redeemable noncontrolling interests recorded at redemption value. The adjustments represent in-substance dividend distributions to the noncontrolling interest holder as the holder has a contractual right to receive a specified amount upon redemption. As a result, earnings are adjusted to reflect this in-substance distribution that is different from other common shareholders. In addition, the Company allocates net earnings to each class of common stock and participating security as if all of the net earnings for the period had been distributed. The Company's participating securities consist of time-based restricted unit awards that contain a non-forfeitable right to receive dividends and, therefore, are considered to participate in earnings with common shareholders. Basic earnings per common share excludes dilution and is calculated by dividing net earnings allocated to common shares by the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding for the period. Diluted earnings per common share is calculated by dividing net earnings allocable to common shares by the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding for the period, as adjusted for the potential dilutive effect of non- participating share-based awards. Comprehensive Income (Loss): Other comprehensive income (loss) principally includes amortization of deferred pension and postretirement costs. The components of accumulated other comprehensive loss, net of taxes, were as follows for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018 (in millions): Unrealized components of benefit plans: Pension plans Post-retirement plans Non-qualified benefit plans Interest rate swap Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) 2019 2018 $ $ (47.4) $ 0.2 (0.8) (0.8) (48.8) $ (54.8) 0.0 (0.4) 3.3 (51.9) The changes in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) by component for the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017 were as follows (in millions, net of tax): Balance, January 1, 2017 Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications, net of taxes of $1.2 and $0.2 for employee benefit plans and interest rate swap, respectively Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income (loss), net of taxes of $1.8 and $0.2 for employee benefit plans and interest rate swap, respectively Balance, December 31, 2017 Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications, net of taxes of $0 Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income (loss), net of taxes of $0 Impact of adoption of ASU 2018-02 Balance, December 31, 2018 Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications, net of taxes of $0 Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income (loss), net of taxes of $0 Balance, December 31, 2019 63 Employee Benefit Plans $ (45.0) $ Interest Rate Swap Total 1.8 $ (43.2) (2.0) (0.2) (2.2) 2.8 (44.2) $ (4.9) 3.4 (9.5) (55.2) $ 0.3 1.9 1.0 — 0.4 3.3 $ $ 5.3 (4.0) 1.9 (48.0) $ (0.1) (0.8) $ 3.1 (42.3) (3.9) 3.4 (9.1) (51.9) 1.3 1.8 (48.8) $ $ $ The reclassifications of other comprehensive income (loss) components out of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) for the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017 were as follows (in millions): Unrealized interest rate hedging gain (loss) Actuarial loss Impact of reclassification adjustment to interest expense included in Net Income (Loss) Amortization of defined benefit pension items reclassified to net periodic pension cost: Net loss* Prior service credit* Curtailment (gain)/loss* Settlement (gain)/loss* Total before income tax Income taxes Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax $ $ 2019 2018 2017 (4.0) 5.3 (0.1) 4.0 (0.7) (1.4) — 3.1 — 3.1 $ $ 1.0 (4.9) — 4.6 (0.7) (0.6) 0.1 (0.5) — (0.5) $ $ (0.4) (3.2) 0.5 4.3 (0.8) (0.3) 1.4 1.5 (0.6) 0.9 * This accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) component is included in the computation of net periodic pension cost (see Note 11 for additional details). Redeemable Non-controlling Interest: Non-controlling interests in subsidiaries that are redeemable for cash or other assets outside of the Company’s control at other than fair value are classified as mezzanine equity, outside of equity and liabilities. Such amounts are adjusted at each reporting date to the higher of (1) the amount resulting from the initial carrying amount, increased or decreased for cumulative amounts of the non-controlling interest's share of net income or loss, share of other comprehensive income or loss and dividends and (2) the redemption value on each annual balance sheet date. The resulting changes in the carrying value, increases or decreases, are recorded with corresponding adjustments against earnings surplus or, in the absence of earnings surplus, common stock. Recently adopted accounting pronouncements In February 2016, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update ("ASU") No. 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842) ("ASU 2016-02"). The guidance is effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2018 and should be implemented using a modified retrospective approach, with the option to apply the guidance at the effective date or the beginning of the earliest comparative period. The Company adopted the guidance on January 1, 2019 and elected to use the effective date as the date of initial application. Consequently, financial information was not updated and the disclosures required under the new standard are not provided for dates and periods before January 1, 2019. Additionally, the Company elected the "package of practical expedients," which permits the Company to not reassess prior conclusions about lease identification, lease classification and initial direct costs. The new guidance did not have a material impact on the accounting treatment of the Company's triple-net tenant leases, which are the primary source of our CRE revenues. However, starting in the current year, there were certain changes to the guidance under ASC 842, which will have an impact on future operating results, including initial direct costs associated with the execution of lease agreements, such as legal fees and certain transaction costs, will no longer be capitalizable and instead are expensed in the period incurred. The Company recorded ROU assets and corresponding lease liabilities of approximately $31.0 million on the consolidated balance sheet for certain leases in which it is the lessee. The adoption of ASC 842 had no impact on the Company's lease expense. In August 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-12, Targeted Improvements to Accounting for Hedging Activities. The guidance is effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2018. The Company adopted the guidance on January 1, 2019. The guidance amends the hedge accounting model in ASC 815 to enable entities to better portray the economics of their risk management activities in the financial statements and enhance the transparency and understandability of hedge results. The amendments expand an entity's ability to hedge nonfinancial and financial risk components and reduce complexity in fair value hedges of interest rate risk. This ASU eliminates the requirement to separately measure and report hedge ineffectiveness and requires the earnings effect of the hedging instrument to be presented in the same income statement line as the hedged item. The adoption of this standard did not have an impact on the Company's financial position or results of operations. 64 In June 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-07, Improvements to Nonemployee Share-Based Payment Accounting. The guidance is effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2018. The Company adopted the guidance on January 1, 2019. The guidance expands the scope of ASC 718 to include share-based payment transactions, with the exception of specific guidance related to the attribution of compensation cost. The guidance also clarifies that any share-based payment awards granted in conjunction with selling goods or services to customers should be evaluated under ASC 606. The adoption of this standard did not have an impact on the Company's financial position or results of operations. In December 2019, the FASB issued ASU 2019-12, Simplifying the Accounting for Income Taxes (Topic 740), which is intended to simplify various aspects related to accounting for income taxes. ASU 2019-12 removes certain exceptions to the general principles in Topic 740 and clarifies and amends existing guidance to improve consistent application. The pronouncement is effective for fiscal years, and for interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2020, with early adoption permitted. The Company has evaluated the impact of the new standard to its financial statements and has elected to early adopt for the year ended December 31, 2019. Based on the Company's evaluation, there were no material impacts upon adoption. Recently issued accounting pronouncements In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-13, Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments, which requires the measurement and recognition of expected credit losses for financial assets held at amortized cost. This ASU was further updated by ASU 2018-19, Codification Improvements to Topic 326, Financial Instruments - Credit Losses, ASU 2019-04, Codification Improvements to Topic 326, Financial Instruments - Credit Losses, ASU No. 2019-05, Targeted Transition Relief and ASU 2019-11, Codification Improvements to Topic 326, Financial Instruments - Credit Losses. ASU 2016-13 and related updates amend prior guidance on the impairment of financial instruments and add an impairment model that is based on expected losses rather than incurred losses with the recognition of an allowance based on an estimate of expected credit losses. ASU 2018-19 clarified that operating lease receivables are not within the scope of ASC 326 and are to remain governed by ASC 842. The provisions of ASU 2016-13, as amended in subsequently issued amendments, is effective as of January 1, 2020. The Company does not expect the adoption of this standard to have a significant impact on its financial position or results of operations. In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-13, Changes to the Disclosure Requirements for Fair Value Measurement. The guidance amends and removes several disclosure requirements, including the valuation processes for Level 3 fair value measurements. This ASU also modifies some disclosure requirements and requires additional disclosures for changes in unrealized gains and losses included in other comprehensive income for recurring Level 3 fair value measurements and requires the range and weighted average of significant unobservable inputs used to develop Level 3 fair value measurements. This ASU is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019 and interim periods within those fiscal years. The Company is currently assessing the impact that adopting this new standard will have on its consolidated financial statements and footnote disclosures. In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-14, Changes to the Disclosure Requirements for Defined Benefit Plans. The guidance clarifies current disclosures and removes several disclosure requirements, including accumulated other comprehensive income expected to be recognized over the next fiscal year and amount and timing of plan assets expected to be returned to the employer. This ASU also requires additional disclosures as well as explanations for significant gains and losses related to changes in the benefit plan obligation. This ASU is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2020. The Company is currently assessing the impact that adopting this new standard will have on its consolidated financial statements and footnote disclosures. In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-15, Intangibles - Goodwill and Other: Customer's Accounting for Implementation Costs Incurred in a Cloud Computing Arrangement That is a Service Contract. The guidance aligns the requirements for capitalizing implementation costs incurred in a hosting arrangement that is a service contract with the requirements for capitalizing implementation costs incurred to develop or obtain internal-use software (and hosting arrangements that include an internal-use software license). Accordingly, the amendments require an entity (customer) in a hosting arrangement that is a service contract to follow the guidance in Subtopic 350-40 to determine which implementation costs to capitalize as an asset related to the service contract and which costs to expense. The amendments also require the entity (customer) to expense the capitalized implementation costs of a hosting arrangement that is a service contract over the term of the hosting arrangement, which includes reasonably certain renewals. This ASU is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019 and the amendments (which can be applied either retrospectively or prospectively under the ASU) will be applied prospectively to all implementation costs incurred after the date of adoption. The Company does not expect the adoption of this standard to have a significant impact on its financial position or results of operations. 3. RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS Construction Contracts and Material Sales. The Company entered into contracts in the ordinary course of business, as a supplier, with affiliates that are members in entities in which the Company also is a member. Revenues earned from transactions 65 with affiliates were $10.5 million, $16.6 million, and $21.1 million for the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017, respectively. Expenses recognized from transactions with affiliates were $3.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2019 and less than $0.1 million for the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017. Receivables from affiliates were $0.2 million and $2.2 million at December 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018. Amounts due to affiliates were $1.2 million and $0.6 million as of December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively. Commercial Real Estate. The Company entered into contracts in the ordinary course of business, as a lessor of property, with certain affiliates that are partially owned by a former director of the Company. Revenues earned from transactions were $1.3 million, $4.3 million and $5.2 million for the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017, respectively. Receivables from affiliates were less than $0.1 million as of December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively. Land Operations. During the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017, the Company recognized $2.2 million, $1.1 million and $2.4 million, respectively, related to revenue for services provided to certain unconsolidated investments in affiliates and interest earned on notes receivables from related parties. Receivables from affiliates were less than $0.1 million as of December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively. During the year ended December 31, 2018, the Company completed the acquisition of five commercial units at The Collection high-rise residential condominium project on Oahu from its joint venture partners for $6.9 million paid in cash. During the year ended December 31, 2017, the Company extended a five-year construction loan secured by a mortgage on real property to one of its joint ventures. Receivables from this affiliate were $13.1 million and $13.5 million as of December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively. 4. DISCONTINUED OPERATIONS In December 2016, the Company completed its final sugar harvest and ceased its sugar operations. The revenue, operating income (loss), gain on asset dispositions, income tax benefit (expense) and after-tax effects of these transactions for the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017 were as follows (in millions, except per share amounts): 2019 2018 2017 Sugar operations revenue Sugar operations costs and expenses Operating income (loss) from sugar operations Sugar operations cessation costs Gain (loss) on asset dispositions Income (loss) from discontinued operations before income taxes Income tax benefit (expense) Income (loss) from discontinued operations, net of income taxes Basic earnings (loss) per share Diluted earnings (loss) per share $ $ $ $ — $ — — (1.1) (0.4) (1.5) — — $ — — (0.6) — (0.6) — (1.5) $ (0.6) $ (0.02) $ (0.02) $ (0.01) $ (0.01) $ 22.9 22.5 0.4 (2.7) 6.0 3.7 (1.3) 2.4 0.05 0.04 There was no depreciation and amortization related to discontinued operations for the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017. 5. INVESTMENTS IN AFFILIATES The Company's investments in affiliates consist principally of equity investments in limited liability companies in which the Company has the ability to exercise significant influence over the operating and financial policies of these investments. Accordingly, the Company accounts for its investments using the equity method of accounting. The Company’s investments in affiliates totaled $167.6 million and $171.4 million as of December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively. The amounts of the Company’s investment as of December 31, 2019 and 2018 that represent undistributed earnings of investments in affiliates were approximately $9.2 million and $7.8 million, respectively. Dividends and distributions from unconsolidated affiliates totaled $12.4 million in 2019, $51.1 million in 2018 and $10.4 million in 2017. 66 Operating results include the Company's proportionate share of net income (loss) from its equity method investments. A summary of combined financial information related to the Company's equity method investments as of December 31, 2019 and 2018 were as follows (in millions): Current assets Non-current assets Total assets Current liabilities Non-current liabilities Total liabilities 2019 2018 $ $ $ $ 79.3 697.9 777.2 27.1 109.0 136.1 $ $ $ $ 71.1 755.8 826.9 26.8 149.2 176.0 A summary of the net income (loss) information related to the Company's equity method investments for each of the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017 were as follows (in millions): 2019 2018 2017 Revenues Operating costs and expenses Gross profit (loss) Income (loss) from Continuing Operations* Net Income (loss)* * Includes earnings from equity method investments held by the investee. $ $ $ $ 191.9 173.0 18.9 6.6 6.6 $ $ $ $ 243.6 209.7 33.9 17.4 16.5 $ $ $ $ 200.5 166.3 34.2 16.0 15.5 The carrying value of the Company's investment in Kukui‘ula, which includes capital contributed by the Company to the joint venture and the value of land initially contributed, net of joint venture earnings and losses and impairments, was $116.2 million and $115.4 million as of December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively. The total capital contributed to the joint venture by the Company as a percent of total committed was approximately 62% as of December 31, 2019. The Company does not have a controlling financial interest in the joint venture, but exercises significant influence over the operating and financial policies of the venture and, therefore, accounts for its investment using the equity method. Due to the complex nature of cash distributions to the members, net income of the joint venture is allocated to the members, including the Company, using the Hypothetical Liquidation at Book Value (“HLBV”) method. Under the HLBV method, joint venture income or loss is allocated to the members based on the period change in each member’s claim on the book value of net assets of the venture, excluding capital contributions and distributions made during the period. The Company also has investments in various other joint ventures that operate or develop real estate and joint ventures that engage in materials and construction-related activities and renewable energy. The Company does not have a controlling financial interest, but has the ability to exercise significant influence over the operating and financial policies of these joint ventures and, accordingly, accounts for its investments in these ventures using the equity method of accounting. Impairment of Investments in Affiliates: When there is evidence that the fair value of the Company's investments in affiliates that are accounted for under the equity method may be below the carrying value, the Company must determine if such decline in value is other-than-temporary. In evaluating the fair value of an investment and whether any identified impairment is other-than-temporary, significant estimates and considerable judgments are involved. These estimates and judgments are based, in part, on the Company’s current and future evaluation of economic conditions in general, as well as a joint venture’s current and future plans. Additionally, these impairment calculations are highly subjective because they require management to make assumptions and apply judgments to estimates regarding the timing and amount of future cash flows that may consider various factors, including sales prices, development costs, market conditions and absorption rates, probabilities related to various cash flow scenarios, and appropriate discount rates based on the perceived risks, among others. In evaluating whether an impairment is other-than-temporary, the Company considers all available information, including the length of time and extent of the impairment, the financial condition and near-term prospects of the affiliate, the Company’s ability and intent to hold the investment for a period of time sufficient to allow for any anticipated recovery in market value, and projected industry and economic trends, among others. Changes in these and other assumptions could affect the projected operational results and fair value of the unconsolidated affiliates, and accordingly, may require valuation adjustments to the Company’s investments that may materially impact the Company’s financial condition or its future operating results. Weakness in particular real estate markets, difficulty in obtaining or renewing project-level financing or development approvals, and changes in the Company’s development strategy, among other factors, may affect the value or feasibility of certain 67 development projects owned by the Company or by its joint ventures and could lead to additional impairment charges in the future. In the year ended December 31, 2019, the Company did not recognize any impairments of investments in affiliates. During the fourth quarter of 2018, the Company recorded impairments of investments in affiliates of $188.6 million. This amount was primarily driven by an impairment in its investment in Kukui‘ula. In 2018, the Company determined that its investment in Kukui‘ula was other-than-temporarily impaired as a result of changing its strategy and no longer intending to hold its investment through the duration of the project. As a result, the Company estimated the fair value of its investment in Kukui‘ula (using a discounted cash flow model) to be below its carrying value and recorded a non-cash, other-than-temporary impairment of $186.8 million. The Company classified the fair value measurement as Level 3. The weighted average discount rate used in the valuation was 18.0%. 6. REVENUE AND CONTRACT BALANCES The Company recognizes revenue when control of promised goods or services is transferred to the customer at an amount that reflects the consideration, which the Company expects to be entitled to in exchange for those goods or services. The Company disaggregates revenue from contracts with customers by revenue type, as the Company believes it best depicts how the nature, amount, timing and uncertainty of the Company's revenue and cash flows are affected by economic factors. Revenue by type for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018 was as follows (in millions): Revenues: Commercial Real Estate Land Operations: Development sales revenue Unimproved/other property sales revenue Other operating revenue Total Land Operations Materials & Construction Total revenues 2019 2018 $ 160.6 $ 140.3 57.2 32.4 24.5 114.1 160.5 435.2 $ 54.3 210.5 24.7 289.5 214.6 644.4 $ The total amount of contract consideration allocated to either wholly unsatisfied or partially satisfied performance obligations was $75.7 million and $128.7 million as of December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively. The Company expects to recognize approximately 70% to 80% of this contract consideration as revenue in 2020, with the remaining recognized thereafter. Timing of revenue recognition may differ from the timing of invoicing to customers. Certain construction contracts include retainage provisions that are customary in the industry (i.e., are not for financing purposes) and are included in Contracts retention. The balances billed but not paid by customers pursuant to these provisions generally become due upon completion and acceptance of the project work or products by the customers. Costs and estimated earnings in excess of billings on uncompleted contracts represent amounts earned and reimbursable under contracts, but have a conditional right for billing and payment, such as achievement of milestones or completion of the project. When events or conditions indicate that it is probable that the amounts outstanding become unbillable, the transaction price and associated contract asset is reduced. Billings in excess of costs and estimated earnings on uncompleted contracts are billings to customers on contracts in advance of work performed, including advance payments negotiated as a contract condition. Generally, unearned project-related costs will be earned over the next twelve months. 68 The following table provides information about receivables, contract assets and contract liabilities from contracts with customers as of December 31, 2019 and 2018: (in millions) Accounts receivable, net Contracts retention Costs and estimated earnings in excess of billings on uncompleted contracts Billings in excess of costs and estimated earnings on uncompleted contracts Variable consideration(1) Other long term deferred revenue $ 2019 2018 $ 43.4 8.6 10.0 7.9 62.0 5.6 49.6 11.6 9.2 5.9 62.0 1.2 (1) Variable consideration recorded in connection with the Agricultural Land Sale. See Note 21. For the year ended December 31, 2019, the Company recognized revenue of approximately $4.7 million related to the Company's contract liabilities reported as of December 31, 2018. For the year ended December 31, 2018, the Company recognized revenue of approximately $4.2 million related to the Company's contract liabilities reported as of December 31, 2017. The amount of revenue recognized from performance obligations satisfied in prior periods was not material. Information related to uncompleted contracts as of December 31, 2019 and 2018 is as follows (in millions): Costs incurred on uncompleted contracts Estimated earnings Subtotal Billings to date Total 7. REAL ESTATE PROPERTY, NET 2019 2018 339.3 $ 38.3 377.6 (375.5) 2.1 $ 218.0 30.3 248.3 (245.0) 3.3 $ $ Real estate property, net as of December 31, 2019 and 2018 includes the following (in millions): Land Buildings Other property improvements Subtotal Accumulated depreciation Real estate property, net 2019 2018 768.8 692.4 79.0 1,540.2 (127.5) 1,412.7 $ $ 638.3 584.2 71.3 1,293.8 (107.3) 1,186.5 $ $ 69 8. NOTES PAYABLE AND OTHER DEBT As of December 31, 2019 and 2018, Notes payable and other debt consisted of the following (in millions): Debt Secured: Kailua Town Center Kailua Town Center #2 Heavy Equipment Financing Laulani Village Pearl Highlands Manoa Marketplace Subtotal Unsecured: Term Loan 3 Term Loan 4 Series D Note Bank Syndicated Loan Series A Note Series J Note Series B Note Series C Note Series F Note Series H Note Series K Note Series G Note Series L Note Series I Note Term Loan 5 Subtotal Revolving Credit Facilities: GLP Asphalt Revolving Credit Facility A&B Revolver Subtotal Total Debt (contractual) Unamortized debt premium (discount) Unamortized debt issuance costs Total debt (carrying value) Interest Rate (%) Maturity Date December 31, 2019 December 31, 2018 Principal Outstanding (1) 3.15% (2) 3.93% 4.15% (3) 5.19% (4) 6.90% (5) 5.53% 4.66% 5.55% 5.56% 4.35% 4.04% 4.81% 3.88% 4.89% 4.16% 4.30% (6) (7) 2021 2021 (2) 2024 2024 2029 2019 2019 2020 2023 2024 2025 2026 2026 2026 2026 2027 2027 2028 2028 2029 2020 2022 $ $ $ $ $ 10.2 4.6 3.6 62.0 83.4 59.5 223.3 — — 16.2 50.0 28.5 10.0 46.0 23.0 22.0 50.0 34.5 35.0 18.0 25.0 25.0 383.2 — 98.7 98.7 705.2 (0.1) (0.5) 704.6 $ $ $ $ $ 10.5 4.7 — 62.0 85.3 60.0 222.5 2.3 9.4 32.5 50.0 28.5 10.0 46.0 24.0 22.0 50.0 34.5 42.5 18.0 25.0 25.0 419.7 0.4 136.6 137.0 779.2 (0.2) (0.9) 778.1 (1) Loan has a stated interest rate of LIBOR plus 1.50%, but is swapped through maturity to a 5.95% fixed rate. (2) Loans have stated rates ranging from 4.08% to 5.00% and stated maturity dates ranging from 2021 to 2023. (3) Loan has a stated interest rate of LIBOR plus 1.35%, but is swapped through maturity to a 3.14% fixed rate. (4) Loan has a stated interest rate of LIBOR plus 2.00%, and is secured by a letter of credit. (5) Loan has a stated interest rate of LIBOR plus 1.60%, based on pricing grid. (6) Loan has a stated interest rate of LIBOR plus 1.25%. (7) Loan has a stated interest rate of LIBOR plus 1.65%, based on pricing grid. The Company's notes payable and other debt is categorized between debt instruments secured by real estate improved properties or other assets ("Secured Debt"), unsecured notes payable and other term loans ("Unsecured Debt") and lines of credit and borrowings under revolving credit facilities ("Revolving Credit Facilities") which includes the existing revolving credit facility used for general Company purposes ("A&B Revolver") as well as a revolving credit facility related to one of the consolidated subsidiaries in the M&C segment (the "GLP Asphalt Revolving Credit Facility"). 70 Secured Debt Kailua Town Center: On December 20, 2013, the Company consummated the acquisition of the Kailua Portfolio, a collection of retail assets on Oahu. In connection with the acquisition of the Kailua Portfolio, the Company assumed a $12.0 million mortgage note, which matures in September 2021, and an interest rate swap that effectively converts the floating rate debt to a fixed rate of 5.95% (see Note 15). As of December 31, 2019, the balance of the mortgage note was $10.2 million. The Company also secured a $5.0 million second mortgage on the Kailua Portfolio during the first quarter of 2017, which bears interest at 3.15% and matures in 2021. The second mortgage has an outstanding balance at December 31, 2019 of $4.6 million. Heavy Equipment Financing: In connection with the M&C segment, the Company enters into leases for machinery related to its businesses that are classified as finance leases. Finance leases are further discussed in Note 9. Laulani Village: In connection with asset acquisitions of commercial real estate improved properties made in the year ended December 31, 2018, the Company assumed a $62.0 million mortgage secured by Laulani Village that matures on May 1, 2024. The note bears interest at 3.93% and requires monthly interest payments of approximately $0.2 million until May 2020 and principal and interest payments of approximately $0.3 million thereafter. Pearl Highlands: On September 17, 2013, the Company closed the purchase of Pearl Highlands Center, a 415,400-square- foot, fee simple retail center in Pearl City, Oahu (the “Property”), for $82.2 million in cash and the assumption of a $59.3 million mortgage loan, pursuant to the terms of the Real Estate Purchase and Sale Agreement, dated April 9, 2013, between PHSC Holdings, LLC and A&B Properties. On December 1, 2014, the Company refinanced and increased the amount of the loan secured by the Property. The new loan ("Refinanced Loan") was increased to $92.0 million and bears interest at 4.15%. The Refinanced Loan matures in December 2024, and requires monthly principal and interest payments of approximately $0.4 million. A final principal payment of approximately $73.0 million is due on December 8, 2024. The Refinanced Loan is secured by the Property under a Mortgage and Security Agreement between the Company and The Northwestern Mutual Life Insurance Company. Manoa Marketplace: In 2016, ABL Manoa Marketplace LF LLC, A&B Manoa LLC, ABL Manoa Marketplace LH LLC, and ABP Manoa Marketplace LH LLC (the "Borrowers"), wholly owned subsidiaries of the Company, entered into a $60.0 million mortgage loan agreement ("Loan") with First Hawaiian Bank ("FHB"). The Loan bears interest at LIBOR plus 1.35% and matures on August 1, 2029. The Loan requires interest-only payments for the first 36 months and principal and interest payments for the remaining 120 months using a 25-year amortization period. A final principal payment of $41.7 million is due on August 1, 2029. The Company had previously entered into an interest rate swap with a notional amount equal to the principal amount on the debt to fix the variable interest rate on the related periodic interest payments at an effective rate of 3.14% (see Note 15). The Loan is secured by Manoa Marketplace under a Mortgage, Security Agreement and Fixture Filing between the Borrowers and FHB, dated August 1, 2016. Assets Pledged as Collateral: The approximate book values of assets used in the Commercial Real Estate segment pledged as collateral under the foregoing credit agreements at December 31, 2019 was $374.5 million. The approximate book values of assets used in the Materials & Construction segment pledged as collateral under the foregoing credit agreements at December 31, 2019 was $3.8 million. There were no assets used in the Land Operations segment that were pledged as collateral. Unsecured Debt Term Loan 3: In connection with its M&C segment, Grace Pacific held a term loan with FHB which included interest at 5.19%. Outstanding amounts for Term Loan 3 were repaid in the year ended December 31, 2019; as of December 31, 2019, there is no outstanding balance of the Term Loan 3. Term Loan 4: As part of a 2013 transaction where the Company obtained a controlling financial interest in Kukui‘ula Village LLC ("Village"), the Company consolidated the Village's assets and liabilities at fair value, which included a $9.4 million loan ("Term Loan 4") secured by a letter of credit. The Term Loan 4 was interest only and included interest at LIBOR plus 2.0%. Outstanding amounts for Term Loan 4 were repaid in the year ended December 31, 2019; as of December 31, 2019, there is no outstanding balance of the Term Loan 4. Prudential Series Notes: In December 2015, the Company entered into an agreement (the "Prudential Agreement") with Prudential Investment Management, Inc. and its affiliates (collectively, "Prudential") for an unsecured note purchase and private shelf facility that enabled the Company to issue notes in an aggregate amount up to $450.0 million, less the sum of all principal amounts then outstanding on any notes issued by the Company or any of its subsidiaries to Prudential and the amounts of any notes that are committed under the Prudential Agreement. The Prudential Agreement (which amended and renewed a then-existing agreement) had an issuance period that ended in December 2018 and contained certain restrictive covenants for the notes issued under the Prudential Agreement that were substantially the same as the covenants contained in the Historical Revolving Credit 71 Facility (defined below). Borrowings under the uncommitted shelf facility bear interest at rates that were determined at the time of borrowing. In September 2017, the Company entered into an amendment of the Prudential Agreement (the "Pru Amendment"), which amended certain covenants (see below). Additionally, the Pru Amendment included a provision for a contingent incremental interest rate increase of 20 basis points on all outstanding notes that was based on the Company's ratio of debt to total adjusted asset value (as defined in the Pru Amendment) measured against the provision's allowed ratio 0.35 to 1.0 from the date of the amendment through September 30, 2018. If triggered, the contingent interest rate adjustment would continue until such time that the Company's ratio of debt to total adjusted asset value declined to 0.35 to 1.0 or below (at which point the provision would have no further force or effect). In October 2018, the provision was triggered and interest rates for all Prudential Series Notes increased by 20 basis points. In March 2019, based on the Company's subsequent leverage-based ratio falling below the provision's threshold. the interest rates for all Prudential Series Notes returned to their originally stated amounts at the time of the borrowing. Bank Syndicated Loan: In February 2018, the Company entered into an agreement with Wells Fargo Bank, National Association ("Wells Fargo") and a syndicate of other financial institutions that provides for a $50.0 million term loan facility ("Wells Fargo Term Facility" or "Bank Syndicated Loan"). The Company also drew $50.0 million under the Wells Fargo Term Facility in February 2018 and used such term loan proceeds to repay amounts that were borrowed under the A&B Revolver. Borrowings under the Wells Fargo Term Facility bear interest at a stated rate, as defined, plus a margin that is determined using a leverage based pricing grid. Term Loan 5: In November 2017, the Company entered into a rate lock commitment to draw $25.0 million under its Note Purchase and Private Shelf Agreement with AIG Asset Management (U.S.), LLC. Under the commitment, the Company drew $25.0 million in December 2017. The note bears interest at 4.30% and matures on December 20, 2029. Interest only is paid semi- annually and the principal balance is due at maturity. Revolving Credit Facilities GLP Asphalt Revolving Credit Facility: At December 31, 2017, the Company had, at one of its subsidiaries, GLP, a $30.0 million line of credit with a maturity date in October 2018. The credit line is collateralized by the subsidiary's accounts receivable, inventory and equipment and may only be used for asphalt purchase. The Company and the noncontrolling interest holders are guarantors, on a several basis, for their pro rata shares (based on membership interests) of borrowings under the line of credit. In September 2018, GLP entered into a Third Amended Credit Agreement with Wells Fargo, which amended and extended its existing $30.0 million committed revolving credit facility ("GLP Asphalt Revolving Credit Facility"). The GLP Asphalt Revolving Credit Facility maturity was extended to October 5, 2020. Additionally, the interest rate was reduced by 25 basis points and a fee of 20 basis points on the unused amount of the GLP Asphalt Revolving Credit Facility has been added. All other terms of the GLP Asphalt Revolving Credit Facility remain substantially unchanged. As of December 31, 2019, there is no outstanding balance on the GLP Asphalt Revolving Credit Facility. The GLP Asphalt Revolving Credit Facility contains certain restrictive covenants. Based on its net income after taxes in the year ended December 31, 2019, GLP was not in compliance with all of the covenants and received waivers on such requirements. As noted above, as of December 31, 2019, there is no outstanding balance on the GLP Asphalt Revolving Credit Facility. A&B Revolver: The Company had a revolving senior credit facility that provided for an aggregate $350.0 million, five- year unsecured commitment (the "Historical Revolving Credit Facility"), with an uncommitted $100.0 million increase option. The Historical Revolving Credit Facility also provided for a $100.0 million sub-limit for the issuance of standby and commercial letters of credit and an $80.0 million sub-limit for swing line loans. Amounts drawn under the facilities would bear interest at a stated rate, as defined, plus a margin that is determined based on a pricing grid using the ratio of debt to total adjusted asset value, as defined. The agreement contained certain restrictive covenants, the most significant of which requires the maintenance of minimum shareholders’ equity levels, minimum EBITDA to fixed charges ratio, maximum debt to total assets ratio, minimum unencumbered income-producing asset value to unencumbered debt ratio, and limitations on priority debt, as defined in the agreement. In December 2015, the Historical Revolving Credit Facility was amended to extend the maturity date to December 2020. In September 2017, the Company entered into a Second Amended and Restated Credit Agreement ("A&B Revolver") with Bank of America N.A., as administrative agent, First Hawaiian Bank, and other lenders party thereto, which amended and restated the existing $350.0 million commitment under the Historical Revolving Credit Facility. The A&B Revolver increased the total revolving commitments to $450.0 million, extended the term of the facilities to September 15, 2022, amended certain covenants (see below), and reduced the interest rates and fees charged under the Historical Revolving Credit Facility. All other terms under the Historical Revolving Credit Facility remained substantially unchanged. 72 At December 31, 2019, the Company had $98.7 million of revolving credit borrowings outstanding, $1.7 million in letters of credit had been issued against the facility, and $349.6 million remained available. Covenants under A&B Revolver and Pru Amendment (Subsequent to Amendments) The principal amendments under the A&B Revolver and the Pru Amendment are as follows: • An increase in the maximum ratio of debt to total adjusted asset value from 0.5:1.0 to 0.6:1.0. • An increase in the aggregate maximum amount of priority debt at any time from 20% to 25%. • Allows the Company to consummate the holding company merger to adopt certain governance changes and facilitate the • Company's ongoing compliance with REIT requirements. Sets the minimum shareholders' equity amount to be $850.6 million plus 75% of the net proceeds received from equity issuances, less non-recurring costs related to the REIT conversion, among other additions and subtractions. • Allows for the payment of minimum dividends required to maintain REIT status and other dividends in any amount so long as no event of default shall then exist or would exist after giving effect to such dividends. As a result of the special distribution that was declared on November 16, 2017 and settled on January 23, 2018 related to the Company's REIT conversion, the Company received waivers related to the impact of the Special Distribution on the minimum shareholder’s equity computation for the A&B Revolver and its unsecured term loan agreements. Debt Maturities At December 31, 2019, debt maturities during the next five years and thereafter, excluding amortization of debt discount or premium, are $30.9 million in 2020, $43.3 million in 2021, $128.5 million in 2022, $84.3 million for 2023, $157.0 million in 2024, and $261.2 million thereafter. 9. LEASES - THE COMPANY AS LESSEE Principal non-cancelable operating leases include land, office space, harbors and equipment that have lease terms that expire through 2043. Management expects that in the normal course of business, most operating leases will be renewed or replaced by other similar leases. The Company has equipment under finance leases with lease terms that expire through 2023. Lease expense for operating leases that provide for future escalations are accounted for on a straight-line basis. For the year ended December 31, 2019, lease expense under operating and finance leases was as follows (in millions): Operating lease cost Finance lease cost: Amortization of right-of-use assets Interest on lease liabilities Total lease cost 2019 5.1 0.6 0.1 5.8 $ $ Short-term lease cost and variable lease cost were $0.7 million, $0.5 million, respectively, in the year ended December 31, 2019. Sublease income was $0.3 million in the year ended December 31, 2019. Lease expense for operating leases totaled $6.1 million for the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017. Supplemental balance sheet information related to operating and finance leases as of December 31, 2019 was as follows: Weighted-average remaining lease term (years) - operating leases Weighted-average remaining lease term (years) - finance leases Weighted-average discount rate - operating leases Weighted-average discount rate - finance leases 9.3 3.3 4.4% 3.1% 73 Supplemental cash flow information related to operating and finance leases for the year ended December 31, 2019 was as follows (in millions): Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities: Operating cash outflows from operating leases Operating cash outflows from financing leases Financing cash flows from finance leases 2019 $ $ $ 5.3 0.1 0.6 Future lease payments under non-cancelable operating and finance leases as of December 31, 2019 were as follows (in millions): 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 Thereafter Total lease payments Less: Interest Total lease liabilities Operating Leases Finance Leases $ $ $ 4.6 4.5 4.5 3.3 2.6 8.9 28.4 (6.8) 21.6 $ 1.2 1.1 0.8 0.5 — — 3.6 (0.1) 3.5 Lease liabilities for operating and finance leases as of December 31, 2019 are presented in the table above. ROU assets for operating and finance leases as of December 31, 2019 were $21.8 million and $3.8 million, respectively. Future lease payments under non-cancelable operating leases as of December 31, 2018 were as follows (in millions): 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 Thereafter December 31, 2018 $ $ 5.5 5.4 5.3 5.3 4.5 13.9 39.9 10. LEASES - THE COMPANY AS LESSOR The Company leases real estate property to tenants under operating leases. The leased property as of December 31, 2019 and 2018 was as follows (in millions): Leased property - real estate Less accumulated depreciation Property under operating leases - net 2019 2018 $ $ 1,511.3 (125.0) 1,386.3 $ $ 1,263.0 (104.4) 1,158.6 74 Total rental income under these operating leases were as follows (in millions): Fixed lease payments Variable lease payments Total 2019 111.2 51.8 163.0 $ $ Contingent rentals amounted to $4.7 million and $4.4 million for the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively. Future minimum rentals on non-cancelable operating leases as of December 31, 2019 were as follows (in millions): 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 Thereafter Total lease receivables $ $ 117.5 105.0 92.8 82.5 70.5 510.2 978.5 Future minimum rentals on non-cancelable operating leases as of December 31, 2018 were as follows (in millions): 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 Thereafter Total Operating Leases 97.6 96.2 78.2 69.3 59.9 407.8 809.0 $ $ 11. EMPLOYEE BENEFIT PLANS The Company has funded single-employer defined benefit pension plans that cover substantially all non-bargaining unit employees and certain bargaining unit employees. In addition, the Company has plans that provide certain retiree health care and life insurance benefits to substantially all salaried and certain hourly employees. Employees are generally eligible for such benefits upon retirement and completion of a specified number of years of credited service. The Company does not pre-fund these health care and life insurance benefits and has the right to modify or terminate certain of these plans in the future. Certain groups of retirees pay a portion of the benefit costs. Plan Administration, Investments and Asset Allocations: As the plan sponsor for its defined benefit pension plan, the Company is responsible for the investment and management of the pension plan assets. The Company manages the pension plan assets based upon a liability-driven investment strategy, which seeks to increase the correlation of the pension plan assets and liabilities to reduce the volatility of the plan's funded status and, over time, improve the funded status of the plan. As a result, the asset allocation of the defined benefit pension plan is weighted toward fixed income investments, which reduces investment volatility, but also reduces investment returns over time. In connection with the liability-driven investment strategy, the Company appointed an investment adviser that directs investments and selects investment options, based on established guidelines. The Company’s weighted-average asset allocations at December 31, 2019 and 2018, and 2019 year-end target allocation, by asset category, were as follows: Fixed income securities Cash and cash equivalents Total Target 2019 2018 100% —% 100% 99% 1% 100% 99% 1% 100% 75 Fixed income debt securities include investment-grade corporate bonds from diversified industries and U.S. Treasuries. The expected return on plan assets assumption (4.30% for 2019) is principally based on the long-term outlook for various asset class returns, asset mix, the historical performance of the plan assets under the liability-driven investment strategy, and a comparison of the estimated long-term return calculated to the distribution of assumptions adopted by other plans with similar asset mixes. For the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, the plan assets experienced a positive return of 18.08% and a negative return of 5.10%, respectively. The Company’s pension plan assets are held in a master trust and stated at estimated fair value, which is based on the fair values of the underlying investments. Purchases and sales of securities are recorded on a trade-date basis. Interest income is recorded on the accrual basis. Dividends are recorded on the ex-dividend date. The fair values of the Company’s defined benefit pension plan assets at December 31, 2019 and 2018, by asset category, are as follows (in millions): Fair Value Measurements at December 31, 2019 Quoted Prices in Active Markets (Level 1) Significant Observable Inputs (Level 2) December 31, 2018 Quoted Prices in Active Markets (Level 1) Significant Observable Inputs (Level 2) Total Total Asset Category Cash and cash equivalents $ 1.2 $ 1.2 $ — $ 1.4 $ 1.4 $ Fixed income securities U.S. Treasury obligations Domestic corporate bonds and notes Foreign corporate bonds Assets measured at NAV — — — 189.3 — — — — — — — — — — — 172.2 — — — — Total $ 190.5 $ 1.2 $ — $ 173.6 $ 1.4 $ — — — — — — Investments in funds that are measured at fair value using the NAV per share practical expedient in accordance with ASC 820 have not been classified in the fair value hierarchy tables above. The NAV is based on the fair value of the underlying assets owned by the fund and is determined by the investment manager or custodian of the fund. The fair value amounts presented are intended to permit reconciliation of the fair value hierarchy to the amounts presented in the fair value of plan assets. These investments primarily include other fixed income investments and securities. Contributions are determined annually for each plan by the Company’s pension Administrative Committee, based upon the actuarially determined minimum required contribution under the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974, as amended, the Pension Protection Act of 2006, and the maximum deductible contribution allowed for tax purposes. In 2019 and 2018, the Company made no contributions to its defined benefit pension plans. In 2017, the Company contributed approximately $49.2 million to its defined benefit pension plans. The Company’s funding policy is to contribute cash to its pension plans so that it meets at least the minimum contribution requirements. For the plans covering employees who are members of collective bargaining units, the benefit formulas are determined according to the collective bargaining agreements, either using career average pay as the base or a flat dollar amount per year of service. In 2007, the Company changed the traditional defined benefit pension plan formula for new non-bargaining unit employees hired after January 1, 2008 and, replaced it with a cash balance defined benefit pension plan formula. Subsequently, effective January 1, 2012, the Company changed the benefits under its traditional defined benefit plans for non-bargaining unit employees hired before January 1, 2008 and, replaced the benefit with the same cash balance defined benefit pension plan formula provided to those employees hired after January 1, 2008. Retirement benefits under the cash balance pension plan formula are based on a fixed percentage of eligible compensation, plus interest. The plan interest credit rate will vary from year-to-year based on the 10- year U.S. Treasury rate. During the year ended December 31, 2019, the Company amended the cash balance pension plan such that, effective January 1, 2020, benefit accruals under the cash balance formula would cease and would be replaced with a non- elective contribution by the Company into a defined contribution plan. All accumulated benefits under the traditional defined 76 benefit pension plan and the cash balance pension plan will remain credited to employees' accounts under the amendments made in 2019. Benefit Plan Assets and Obligations: The measurement date for the Company’s benefit plan disclosures is December 31 of each year. The status of the funded defined benefit pension plan and the unfunded accumulated post-retirement benefit plans at December 31, 2019 and 2018 and are shown below (in millions): Change in Benefit Obligation Benefit obligation at beginning of year Service cost Interest cost Plan participants’ contributions Actuarial (gain) loss Benefits paid Settlement Benefit obligation at end of year Change in Plan Assets Fair value of plan assets at beginning of year Actual return on plan assets Employer contributions Participant contributions Benefits paid Settlement Fair value of plan assets at end of year Funded Status and Recognized Liability1 Pension Benefits 2018 2019 Other Post-retirement Benefits Non-qualified Plan Benefits 2019 2018 2019 2018 $ $ $ $ $ 189.6 2.3 8.0 — 19.0 (14.5) — 204.4 173.6 31.4 — — (14.5) — 190.5 $ $ $ $ 206.1 1.8 7.4 — (11.8) (13.9) — 189.6 197.6 (10.1) — — (13.9) — 173.6 $ $ $ $ 10.6 0.1 0.4 0.8 (0.3) (1.5) — 10.1 $ $ — $ — 0.8 0.7 (1.5) — — $ 12.3 0.1 0.4 0.8 (1.4) (1.6) — 10.6 $ $ — $ — 0.8 0.8 (1.6) — — $ 2.7 0.1 0.1 — 0.2 (0.3) — 2.8 $ $ — $ — 0.3 — (0.3) — — $ 3.4 0.1 0.1 — (0.2) (0.1) (0.6) 2.7 — — 0.7 — (0.1) (0.6) — (13.9) $ (16.0) $ (10.1) $ (10.6) $ (2.8) $ (2.7) 1 Presented as Accrued pension and post-retirement benefits as of December 31, 2019 and 2018. The accumulated benefit obligation for the Company’s qualified pension plans was $204.4 million and $189.6 million at December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively. Amounts recognized on the consolidated balance sheets in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) at December 31, 2019 and 2018 were as follows (in millions): Net loss (gain) (net of taxes) Unrecognized prior service credit (net of taxes) Total Pension Benefits 2018 2019 Other Post-retirement Benefits Non-qualified Plan Benefits 2019 2018 2019 2018 $ $ 47.4 — 47.4 $ $ 56.2 (1.4) 54.8 $ $ (0.2) $ — (0.2) $ — $ — — $ 0.8 — 0.8 $ $ 0.5 (0.1) 0.4 The information for qualified pension plans with an accumulated benefit obligation in excess of plan assets at December 31, 2019 and 2018 are shown below (in millions): Projected benefit obligation Accumulated benefit obligation Fair value of plan assets 2019 2018 $ $ $ 204.4 204.4 190.5 $ $ $ 189.6 189.6 173.6 The estimated prior service credit for the defined benefit pension plans that will be amortized from accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) into net periodic benefit cost in 2020 is negligible. The estimated net loss that will be recognized in net periodic pension cost for the defined benefit pension plans in 2020 is $2.4 million. The estimated net loss for the other defined benefit post-retirement plans that will be amortized from accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) into net periodic pension cost in 2020 is negligible. The estimated prior service cost for the other defined benefit post-retirement plans that will be amortized from accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) into net periodic pension cost in 2020 is negligible. 77 Unrecognized gains and losses of the post-retirement benefit plans are amortized over 5 years. Although current health costs are expected to increase, the Company attempts to mitigate these increases by maintaining caps on certain of its benefit plans, using lower cost health care plan options where possible, requiring that certain groups of employees pay a portion of their benefit costs, self-insuring for certain insurance plans, encouraging wellness programs for employees, and implementing measures to mitigate future benefit cost increases. Components of the net periodic benefit cost and other amounts recognized in other comprehensive income (loss) for the defined benefit pension plans and the post-retirement health care and life insurance benefit plans during 2019, 2018, and 2017, are shown below (in millions): Components of Net Periodic Benefit Cost Service cost Interest cost Expected return on plan assets Amortization of net loss Amortization of prior service cost Curtailment gain (loss) Settlement gain (loss) Net periodic benefit cost Other Changes in Plan Assets and Benefit Obligations Recognized in Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) Net gain (loss) Amortization of net loss1 Amortization of prior service credit1 Curtailment gain recognition of prior service credit1 Recognition of settlement loss1 Total recognized in other comprehensive income (loss) Total recognized in net periodic benefit cost and Other comprehensive income (loss) 2019 2017 2019 2017 Pension Benefits 2018 Non-qualified Plan Benefits 2018 Post-retirement Benefits 2019 2018 $ (2.3) $ (1.8) $ (2.8) $ (0.1) $ (0.1) $ (0.1) $ (0.1) $ (0.1) $ (0.1) (0.2) (0.4) — — (0.2) (0.3) 0.3 — 0.3 — (1.4) — $ (1.3) (0.1) (0.1) — — — (0.1) 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.6 — (0.1) $ (5.2) $ (4.7) $ (5.0) $ (0.4) $ (0.8) $ (0.5) $ — $ 0.4 (8.0) 7.3 (4.1) 0.6 1.3 — (8.0) 9.4 (4.1) 0.5 — — (7.4) 8.2 (4.2) 0.5 — — (0.4) — — — — — (0.4) — 0.1 — — — 2017 $ 5.2 4.1 (0.6) (1.3) — 7.4 $ (6.5) $ (2.4) $ 0.3 (0.1) — — — 0.2 4.2 (0.5) — — (2.8) 4.1 (0.5) — — 1.2 $ 1.4 0.3 — — — 1.7 $ (0.7) $ (0.2) $ 0.2 0.1 (0.2) (0.6) 0.1 (0.4) — — — (0.1) — (0.1) — — (0.4) (0.7) $ (0.1) 0.2 (0.3) (0.3) 1.4 0.9 $ 2.2 $ (7.5) $ (3.8) $ (0.2) $ 0.9 $ (1.2) $ (0.4) $ — $ (0.4) 1 Represents amortization or recognition of balances previously recorded to Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) in the consolidated balance sheets and recognized as a component of net periodic benefit cost. The weighted average assumptions used to determine benefit information during 2019, 2018, and 2017 were as follows: Weighted Average Assumptions Discount rate Expected return on plan assets Pension Benefits 2018 2019 2017 3.29% 4.30% 4.33% 4.30% 3.70% 6.80% Post-retirement Benefits 2018 2017 2019 Non-qualified Plan Benefits 2017 2018 2019 3.38% 4.38% 3.70% 2.48% 3.78% 3.50% N/A N/A N/A Rate of compensation increase 0.5%-3% 0.5%-3% 0.5%-3% 0.5%-3% 0.5%-3% 0.5%-3% Initial health care cost trend rate Ultimate rate Year ultimate rate is reached N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A 6.00% 4.50% 2037 6.20% 4.50% 2037 6.50% 4.50% 2037 78 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A If the assumed health care cost trend rate were increased or decreased by one percentage point, the accumulated post- retirement benefit obligation, at December 31, 2019, 2018, and 2017 and the net periodic post-retirement benefit cost for 2019, 2018, and 2017 would have increased or decreased as follows (in millions): Other Post-retirement Benefits One Percentage Point Increase Decrease 2019 2018 2017 2019 2018 2017 Effect on total of service and interest cost components Effect on post-retirement benefit obligation $ $ 0.1 1.0 $ $ 0.1 1.0 $ $ 0.1 1.3 $ $ — $ (0.8) $ (0.1) $ (0.8) $ — (1.0) Estimated Benefit Payments: The estimated future benefit payments for the next ten years are as follows (in millions): Estimated Benefit Payments Pension Post-retirement Benefits Non-qualified Plan Benefits 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2024-2028 13.1 0.8 — 13.0 0.7 1.2 13.0 0.7 — 12.7 0.6 — 12.7 0.6 — 60.4 2.7 1.8 Multiemployer Plans: Grace and certain subsidiaries contribute to a number of multiemployer defined benefit pension plans under the terms of collective-bargaining agreements that cover their union-represented employees. The risks of participating in these multiemployer plans are different from single-employer plans in the following aspects: a. Assets contributed to the multiemployer plan by one employer may be used to provide benefits to employees of other participating employers. b. If a participating employer stops contributing to the plan, the unfunded obligations of the plan may be borne by the remaining participating employers. c. If the Company chooses to stop participating in some of its multiemployer plans, the Company may be required to pay those plans an amount based on the underfunded status of the plan, referred to as a withdrawal liability. The Company's participation in these plans for the year ended December 31, 2019, is outlined in the table below. The "EIN Pension Plan Number" column provides the Employee Identification Number (EIN) and the 3-digit plan number, if applicable. The most recent Pension Protection Act (PPA) zone status available in 2019 is for the plan's year-end as of December 31, 2018, for the Pension Trust Fund for Operating Engineers Pension Plan and Laborer's National (Industrial) Pension Fund. The zone status available for 2019 for the Hawai‘i Laborers Trust Funds is for the plan year-end as of February 28, 2019. GPRS and GPRM have separate contracts and different expiration dates with the Hawai‘i Laborers Trust Fund. The zone status is based on information that the Company received from the plan and is certified by the plan's actuary. Among other factors, plans that are less than 65% funded are "red zone" plans in need of reorganization; plans between 65% and 80% funded or that have an accumulated funding deficiency or are expected to have a deficiency in any of the next six years are "yellow zone" plans; plans that meet both of the "yellow zone" criteria are "orange zone" plans; and if the plan is funded more than 80%, it is a "green zone" plan. The "FIP/RP Status Pending/Implemented" column indicates plans for which a financial improvement plan (FIP) or a rehabilitation plan (RP) is either pending or has been implemented. The last column lists the expiration dates of the collective-bargaining agreements to which the plans are subject. 79 Pension Protection Act Zone Status 2019 and 2018 Fund EIN Plan No. FIP/RP Status Contribution by Entity Contribution by Entity Contribution by Entity Pending/ Implemented Jan. 1 - Dec. 31, 2019 Jan. 1 - Dec. 31, 2018 Jan. 1 - Dec. 31, 2017 Surcharge Imposed Expiration Date Current Plan Year End Operating Engineers Laborers National Hawai‘i Laborers (GPRM) Hawai‘i Laborers (GPRS) Total 94-6090764; 001 Yellow 52-6074345; 001 Yellow 99-6025107; 001 Green 99-6025107; 001 Green Yes Yes No No $ 4.1 $ 4.7 $ 0.2 1.1 0.2 0.2 0.9 0.2 $ 5.6 $ 6.0 $ 4.9 0.2 No No 8/30/20 12/31/19 8/31/21 12/31/19 0.8 No 8/30/20 2/28/20 No 9/30/24 2/28/20 0.2 6.1 Based upon the most recently available annual reports, the Company's contribution to one plan, the Hawai‘i Laborers Trust Fund, represented more than 5% of the plan's total contributions. Defined Contribution Plans: The Company sponsors defined contribution plans that qualify under Section 401(k) of the Code and provides matching contributions of up to 3% of eligible compensation. The Company’s matching contributions expensed under these plans totaled $0.2 million in the year ended December 31, 2019 and $0.6 million in each of the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017. The Company also maintains profit sharing plans and, if a minimum threshold of Company performance is achieved, provides contributions of 1% to 5%, depending upon Company performance above the minimum threshold. There were $0.3 million and $0.4 million of profit sharing contribution expenses recognized in the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, and no profit sharing contribution expenses in 2017. Grace 401(k) Plans: The Company allows for discretionary non-elective employer contributions up to the sum of 10% of each eligible employee's compensation for the 12 months in the plan year, subject to certain limitations. Management revenue sharing bonuses can be deferred to the employee's 401(k) account, but will be subject to the IRS' annual limit on employee elective deferrals. Grace recognized discretionary employer contribution and revenue sharing expense of $1.1 million, $1.8 million and $2.0 million in the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017, respectively. 12. INCOME TAXES For taxable years prior to 2017, the Company filed a consolidated federal income tax return, which included all of its wholly owned subsidiaries. On October 15, 2018, the Company filed its 2017 Form 1120-REIT with the Internal Revenue Service. The Company's taxable REIT subsidiary ("TRS") filed separately as a C corporation. The Company also files separate income tax returns in various states. The Company completed the necessary preparatory work and obtained the necessary approvals such that the Company believes it has been organized and operates in a manner that enables it to qualify, and continue to qualify, as a REIT for federal income tax purposes. As a REIT, the Company will generally be allowed a deduction for dividends that it pays, and therefore, will not be subject to United States federal corporate income tax on its taxable income that is currently distributed to shareholders. The Company may be subject to certain state gross income and franchise taxes, as well as taxes on any undistributed income and federal and state corporate taxes on any income earned by its TRS. In addition, the Company could be subject to corporate income taxes related to assets held by the REIT that are sold during the 5-year period following the date of conversion, to the extent such sold assets had a built-in gain as of January 1, 2017. The Company does not intend to dispose of any REIT assets after the REIT conversion within the 5-year period, unless various tax planning strategies, including Internal Revenue Code Section 1031 like- kind exchanges or other deferred tax structures are available to mitigate the built-in gain tax liability of conversion. Distributions with respect to the Company’s common stock can be characterized for federal income tax purposes as ordinary income, capital gains, unrecaptured section 1250 gains, return of capital, or a combination thereof. Taxable distributions paid for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2017 were classified as ordinary income. Distributions paid for the year ended December 31, 2018 included taxable ordinary income and a non-taxable return of capital. 80 The income tax expense (benefit) on income (loss) from continuing operations for the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017 consisted of the following (in millions): Current: Federal State Current Deferred: Federal State Deferred Income tax expense (benefit) 2019 2018 2017 $ $ $ $ $ (1.6) $ (0.4) (2.0) $ — $ — — $ (2.0) $ (0.3) $ — (0.3) $ 14.0 $ 2.6 16.6 16.3 $ $ (2.6) (0.5) (3.1) (200.7) (14.4) (215.1) (218.2) Income tax expense (benefit) for the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018, and 2017 differs from amounts computed by applying the statutory federal rate to income from continuing operations before income taxes for the following reasons (in millions): 2019 2018 2017 Computed federal income tax expense $ (8.2) $ (11.1) $ State income taxes Valuation allowance REIT rate differential Tax credits, including solar Return-to-provision adjustments Amended return Share-based compensation Noncontrolling interest Rate change effect related to REIT conversion Rate change effect related to Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017 Impairments Other—net (5.1) 8.3 (7.9) — — (1.1) — 0.5 — — 12.4 (0.9) (15.6) 84.4 (51.5) — — 0.6 — (0.6) — — 10.7 (0.6) 3.3 0.1 6.9 (2.2) (0.3) (1.1) (0.1) (4.0) (0.7) (223.0) 3.0 — (0.1) Income tax expense (benefit) $ (2.0) $ 16.3 $ (218.2) The change in the Company's effective tax rate for the year ended December 31, 2019 as compared to the year ended December 31, 2018 is primarily due to the Company establishing a valuation allowance in 2018 on its net deferred tax assets and recognizing substantial 2018 REIT income related to the Agricultural Land Sale in 2018. In addition, the Company recognized a benefit in the year ended December 31, 2019 for the interest income on federal refunds resulting from amended returns. 81 The tax effects of temporary differences that give rise to significant portions of the deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities as of December 31, 2019 and 2018 were as follows (in millions): Deferred tax assets: Employee benefits Capitalized costs Joint ventures and other investments Impairment and amortization Solar investment benefits Insurance and other reserves Disallowed interest expense Net operating losses Operating lease liability Other Total deferred tax assets Valuation allowance Total net deferred tax assets Deferred tax liabilities: Property (including tax-deferred gains on real estate transactions) Interest rate swap Operating lease asset Other Total deferred tax liabilities Net deferred tax assets (liabilities) 2019 2018 10.4 6.2 49.1 0.9 16.7 3.2 8.4 17.6 2.6 3.4 118.5 (99.3) 19.2 16.0 — 2.5 0.7 19.2 $ $ $ $ $ — $ 10.6 9.7 55.7 0.8 16.7 2.6 4.4 8.3 — 1.5 110.3 (91.5) 18.8 17.0 1.0 — 0.8 18.8 — $ $ $ $ $ $ Federal tax credit carryforwards at December 31, 2019 totaled $8.8 million and will expire in 2036. State tax credit carryforwards at December 31, 2019 totaled $6.9 million and may be carried forward indefinitely under state law. As of December 31, 2019, the Company had federal net operating loss carryforwards of $12.6 million, $3.4 million of which expire in 2037, with the remaining being carried forward indefinitely under federal law. As of December 31, 2019, the Company had state net operating loss carryforwards of $5.0 million, of which $0.6 million of California net operating loss carryforwards will expire in 2030, $1.4 million of Hawai‘i net operating loss carryforwards will expire in 2037, and the remaining $3.0 million of Hawai‘i net operating loss carryforwards to be carried forward indefinitely. A valuation allowance must be provided if it is more likely than not that some portion or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized, based upon consideration of all positive and negative evidence. Sources of evidence include, among other things, a history of pretax earnings or losses, expectations of future results, tax planning opportunities and appropriate tax law. Due to the recent losses the Company has generated in its TRS, the Company believes that it is more likely than not that its U.S. and state deferred tax assets will not be realized as of December 31, 2019. Therefore, the Company recorded an increase in the valuation allowance of $7.8 million on its net U.S. and state deferred tax assets for the current period. Should the Company determine that it would be able to realize its deferred tax assets in the foreseeable future, an adjustment to the deferred tax assets may cause a material increase to income in the period such determination is made. Significant management judgment is required in determining the period in which reversal of a valuation allowance should occur. Balance at Beginning of Year Additions Reductions Balance at End of Year $ $ 2019 2018 2017 $ $ 91.5 6.9 — $ $ 7.8 84.6 6.9 — $ — $ — 99.3 91.5 6.9 The Company’s income taxes receivable has been increased by the tax benefits from share-based compensation. The Company receives an income tax benefit for exercised stock options calculated as the difference between the fair market value of the stock issued at the time of exercise and the option exercise price, tax-effected. The Company also receives an income tax 82 benefit for restricted stock units when they vest, measured as the fair market value of the stock issued at the time of vesting, tax effected. There were no net tax benefits from share-based transactions for 2019 or 2018. The Company recognizes accrued interest and penalties on income taxes as a component of income tax expense. As of December 31, 2019, the Company recognized a $1.1 million benefit for the interest income on federal refunds resulting from amended returns. The Company has not identified any material unrecognized tax positions and as such has no related interest or penalty accruals. As of December 31, 2019, tax years 2016 and later are open to audit by the tax authorities. As of December 31, 2019, the Company has one open tax examination for the 2016 Hawai‘i state income tax return. The Company believes that the result of this audit will not have a material adverse effect on its results of operations, financial condition or liquidity. 13. SHARE-BASED PAYMENT AWARDS The 2012 Incentive Compensation Plan ("2012 Plan") allows for the granting of stock options, restricted stock units and common stock. During 2018, the Company retroactively approved an increase to the shares of common stock reserved for issuance at January 1, 2018 from 4.3 million shares to 5.3 million shares. As of December 31, 2019 there were 1.5 million remaining shares available for grants. The shares of common stock authorized to be issued under the 2012 Plan may be drawn from the shares of the Company's authorized but unissued common stock or from shares of its common stock that the Company acquires, including shares purchased on the open market or private transactions. The 2012 Plan consists of four separate incentive compensation programs: (i) the discretionary grant program, (ii) the stock issuance program, (iii) the incentive bonus program and (iv) the automatic grant program for the non-employee members of the Company’s Board of Directors. Share-based compensation is generally awarded under three of the four programs, as more fully described below. Discretionary Grant Program: Under the Discretionary Grant Program, stock options may be granted with an exercise price no less than 100% of the fair market value (defined as the closing market price) of the Company’s common stock on the date of the grant. Options generally become exercisable ratably over three years and have a maximum contractual term of ten years. There were no option grants in 2019, 2018 or 2017, and the Company currently has no plans to issue options in the future. Stock Issuance Program: Under the Stock Issuance Program, shares of common stock or restricted stock units may be granted. Equity awards granted may be designated as time-based awards or market-based performance awards. Automatic Grant Program: At each annual shareholder meeting, non-employee directors will receive an award of restricted stock units that entitle the holder to an equivalent number of shares of common stock upon vesting. The following table summarizes the Company's stock option activity for the year ended December 31, 2019 (in thousands, except weighted-average exercise price and weighted-average contractual life): Outstanding, January 1, 2019 Exercised Canceled Outstanding, December 31, 2019 Vested or expected to vest Exercisable, December 31, 2019 Weighted- Average Exercise Price Weighted- Average Contractual Life Aggregate Intrinsic Value $ $ $ $ $ $ 12.91 11.29 13.11 13.95 13.95 13.95 1.5 years 1.5 years 1.5 years $ $ $ 2,441 2,441 2,441 2012 Plan Stock Options 580.1 (225.8) (2.1) 352.2 352.2 352.2 83 The following table summarizes non-vested restricted stock unit activity for the year ended December 31, 2019 (in thousands, except weighted-average grant-date fair value amounts): Outstanding, January 1, 2019 Granted Vested Canceled Outstanding, December 31, 2019 2012 Plan Restricted Stock Units 421.3 264.0 (149.5) (81.1) 454.7 Weighted- Average Grant-date Fair Value $ $ $ $ $ 25.91 20.05 23.72 22.24 23.88 The time-based restricted stock units granted to employees vest ratably over a period of three years. The time-based restricted stock units granted to non-employee directors prior to 2018 vest ratably over a period of three years, and commencing in 2018, the time-based restricted stock units granted to non-employee directors vest over one year. The market-based performance share units cliff vest over three years, provided that the total shareholder return of the Company's common stock over the relevant period meets or exceeds pre-defined levels of total shareholder returns relative to indices, as defined. As of December 31, 2019, there was $5.0 million of total unrecognized compensation cost related to non-vested restricted stock units granted under the 2012 plan; that cost is expected to be recognized over a period of three years. The fair value of the Company's time-based awards is determined using the Company's stock price on the date of grant. The fair value of the Company's market-based awards is estimated using the Company's stock price on the date of grant and the probability of vesting using a Monte Carlo simulation with the following weighted-average assumptions: Volatility of A&B common stock Average volatility of peer companies Risk-free interest rate 2019 Grants 2018 Grants 2017 Grants 23.6% 24.2% 2.5% 22.7% 21.6% 2.3% 24.1% 25.6% 1.6% The weighted-average grant date fair value of the time-based restricted units and market-based performance share units granted in 2019, 2018 and 2017 was $20.05, $28.76 and $42.85, respectively. No compensation cost is recognized for actual forfeitures of time-based or market-based awards if an employee is terminated prior to rendering the requisite service period. There was no tax benefit realized upon vesting for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018. Tax benefit realized upon vesting was $1.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2017. The Company recognizes compensation cost net of actual forfeitures of time-based or market-based awards. A summary of compensation cost related to share-based payments is as follows for the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017 (in millions): Share-based expense: Time-based and market-based restricted stock units Total share-based expense Total recognized tax benefit Share-based expense (net of tax) Cash received upon option exercise Intrinsic value of options exercised Tax benefit realized upon option exercise Fair value of stock vested $ $ $ $ $ $ 84 2019 2018 2017 5.4 5.4 — 5.4 2.6 2.6 $ $ $ $ — $ 4.5 $ 4.7 4.7 — 4.7 0.4 0.4 $ $ $ $ — $ 4.0 $ 4.4 4.4 (0.5) 3.9 8.1 13.2 4.2 3.7 14. COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES Commitments, Guarantees and Contingencies: Commitments and financial arrangements not recorded on the Company's consolidated balance sheet, excluding lease commitments that are disclosed in Note 9, included the following (in millions) at December 31, 2019: Standby letters of credit(a) Bonds(b) $ $ 1.7 383.9 (a) Consists of standby letters of credit, issued by lenders under the Company’s revolving credit facilities, and relate primarily to the Company’s self insurance and workers' compensation plans. In the event the letters of credit are drawn upon, the Company would be obligated to reimburse the issuer of the letter of credit. (b) Represents bonds related to construction and real estate activities in Hawai‘i. Approximately $364.6 million represents the face value of construction bonds issued by third party sureties (bid, performance and payment bonds) and the remainder is related to commercial bonds issued by third party sureties (permit, subdivision, license and notary bonds). In the event the bonds are drawn upon, the Company would be obligated to reimburse the surety that issued the bond for the amount of the bond, reduced for the work completed to date. As of December 31, 2019, the Company's estimated remaining exposure, assuming defaults on all existing contractual construction obligations, was approximately $39.4 million. Indemnity Agreements: For certain real estate joint ventures, the Company may be obligated under bond indemnities to complete construction of the real estate development if the joint venture does not perform. These indemnities are designed to protect the surety in exchange for the issuance of surety bonds that cover joint venture construction activities, such as project amenities, roads, utilities, and other infrastructure, at its joint ventures. Under the indemnities, the Company and its joint venture partners agree to indemnify the surety bond issuer from all losses and expenses arising from the failure of the joint venture to complete the specified bonded construction. The maximum potential amount of aggregate future payments is a function of the amount covered by outstanding bonds at the time of default by the joint venture, reduced by the amount of work completed to date. The recorded amounts of the indemnity liabilities were not material, individually or in the aggregate. The Company is a guarantor of indebtedness for an unconsolidated joint ventures' borrowing from a third party lender, related to the repayment of a construction loan and performance of construction for the underlying project. At December 31, 2019, the Company's limited guarantee on the indebtedness totaled $3.1 million. Legal Proceedings and Other Contingencies: Prior to the Agricultural Land Sale of approximately 41,000 acres of agricultural land on Maui to Mahi Pono in December 2018, the Company, through East Maui Irrigation Company, LLC ("EMI"), also owned approximately 16,000 acres of watershed lands in East Maui and also held four water licenses to approximately 30,000 acres owned by the State of Hawai‘i in East Maui. The sale to Mahi Pono includes the sale of a 50% interest in EMI (which closed February 1, 2019), and provides for the Company and Mahi Pono, through EMI, to jointly continue the existing process to secure a long-term lease from the State for delivery of irrigation water to Mahi Pono for use in Central Maui. The last of these water license agreements expired in 1986, and all four agreements were then extended as revocable permits that were renewed annually. In 2001, a request was made to the State Board of Land and Natural Resources (the "BLNR") to replace these revocable permits with a long-term water lease. Pending the completion by the BLNR of a contested case hearing it ordered to be held on the request for the long-term lease, the BLNR has kept the existing permits on a holdover basis. Three parties filed a lawsuit on April 10, 2015 (the "Initial Lawsuit") alleging that the BLNR has been renewing the revocable permits annually rather than keeping them in holdover status. The lawsuit asked the court to void the revocable permits and to declare that the renewals were illegally issued without preparation of an environmental assessment ("EA"). In December 2015, the BLNR decided to reaffirm its prior decisions to keep the permits in holdover status. This decision by the BLNR was challenged by the three parties. In January 2016, the court ruled in the Initial Lawsuit that the renewals were not subject to the EA requirement, but that the BLNR lacked legal authority to keep the revocable permits in holdover status beyond one year (the "Initial Ruling"). The Initial Ruling was appealed to the Intermediate Court of Appeals ("ICA") of the State of Hawai‘i. In May 2016, while the appeal of the Initial Ruling was pending, the Hawai‘i State Legislature passed House Bill 2501, which specified that the BLNR has the legal authority to issue holdover revocable permits for the disposition of water rights for a period not to exceed three years. The governor signed this bill into law as Act 126 in June 2016. Pursuant to Act 126, the annual authorization of the existing holdover permits was sought and granted by the BLNR in December 2016, November 2017 and November 2018 for calendar years 2017, 2018 and 2019. No extension of Act 126 was approved by the Hawai‘i State Legislature in 2019. In June 2019, the ICA vacated the Initial Ruling, effectively reversing the determination that the BLNR lacked authority to keep the revocable permits in holdover status beyond one year (the "ICA Ruling"). The ICA remanded the case back to the trial court to determine whether the holdover status of the permits was both (a) "temporary" and (b) in the best interest of the State, as required by statute. The plaintiffs filed a motion with the ICA for reconsideration of its decision, which was denied on July 5, 2019. On September 30, 2019, the plaintiffs filed a request with the Supreme Court of Hawai‘i to review and reverse the ICA 85 Ruling. On November 25, 2019, the Supreme Court of Hawai‘i granted the plaintiffs' request to review the ICA Ruling. On October 11, 2019, the BLNR took up the renewal of all the existing water revocable permits in the state, acting under the ICA Ruling, and approved the continuation of the four East Maui water revocable permits for another one-year period through December 31, 2020. In a separate matter, on December 7, 2018, a contested case request filed by the Sierra Club contesting the BLNR's November 2018 approval of the 2019 revocable permits was denied by the BLNR. On January 7, 2019, Sierra Club filed a lawsuit in the circuit court of the first circuit in Hawai‘i against BLNR, A&B, and EMI, seeking to invalidate the 2019 extension of the revocable permits for, among other things, failure to perform an EA. The lawsuit also seeks to have the BLNR enjoin A&B/EMI from diverting more than 25 million gallons a day until a permit or lease is properly issued by the BLNR, and for the imposition of certain conditions on the revocable permits by the BLNR. The count seeking to invalidate the revocable permits based on the failure to perform an EA has been dismissed by the court, based on the ICA Ruling in the Initial Lawsuit. In connection with A&B’s obligation to continue the existing process to secure a long-term water lease from the State, A&B and EMI will defend against the remaining claims made by the Sierra Club. The Company is a party to, or may be contingently liable in connection with, other legal actions arising in the normal conduct of its businesses, the outcomes of which, in the opinion of management after consultation with counsel, would not have a material effect on the Company's consolidated financial statements as a whole. 15. DERIVATIVE INSTRUMENTS The Company is exposed to interest rate risk related to its floating rate debt. The Company balances its cost of debt and exposure to interest rates primarily through its mix of fixed and floating rate debt. From time to time, the Company may use interest rate swaps to manage its exposure to interest rate risk. Cash Flow Hedges of Interest Rate Risk The Company has an interest rate swap agreement with a notional amount of $59.5 million as of December 31, 2019, which is designated as a cash flow hedge. The Company structured the interest rate swap agreement to hedge the variability of future interest payments due to changes in interest rates with regards to the Company's long-term debt. A summary of the key terms related to the Company's outstanding cash flow hedge as of December 31, 2019, is as follows (dollars in millions): Effective Date 4/7/2016 Maturity Date 8/1/2029 Fixed Interest Rate 3.14% Notional Amount at December 31, 2019 59.5 $ Fair Value at December 31, 2019 $ (0.2) $ December 31, 2018 3.9 Accrued and other liabilities Classification on Balance Sheet The liability related to the interest rate swap as of December 31, 2019 is presented within Accrued and other liabilities in the consolidated balance sheet. The asset related to the interest rate swap as of December 31, 2018 was presented within Prepaid expenses and other assets. The changes in fair value of the cash flow hedge are recorded in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) and subsequently reclassified into interest expense as interest is incurred on the related variable-rate debt. Non-designated Hedges As of December 31, 2019, the Company has one interest rate swap that has not been designated as a cash flow hedge, whose key terms are as follows (dollars in millions): Effective Date 1/1/2014 Maturity Date 9/1/2021 Fixed Interest Rate 5.95% Notional Amount at December 31, 2019 10.2 $ Fair Value at December 31, 2019 $ (0.5) $ December 31, 2018 (0.5) Accrued and other liabilities Classification on Balance Sheet The following table represents the pre-tax effect of the derivative instruments in the Company's consolidated statement of comprehensive income (loss) during the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018 (in millions): Derivatives in Designated Cash Flow Hedging Relationships: Amount of gain (loss) recognized in OCI on derivatives Impact of reclassification adjustment to interest expense included in Net Income (Loss) $ $ (4.0) $ (0.1) $ 1.0 — 2019 2018 86 The Company records gains or losses related to interest rate swaps that have not been designated as cash flow hedges in Interest and other income (loss) in its consolidated statements of operations. There were no amounts recognized in 2019 and $0.4 million of gains recognized in 2018 related to changes in fair value. The Company measures all of its interest rate swaps at fair value. The fair values of the Company's interest rate swaps (Level 2) are based on the estimated amounts that the Company would receive or pay to terminate the contracts at the reporting date and are determined using interest rate pricing models and interest rate related observable inputs. 16. EARNINGS PER SHARE ("EPS") Basic earnings per common share excludes dilution and is calculated by dividing net earnings allocated to common shares by the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding for the period. Diluted earnings per common share is calculated by dividing net earnings allocated to common shares by the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding for the period, as adjusted for the potential dilutive effect of non-participating share-based awards, as well as adjusted by the number of additional shares, if any, that would have been outstanding had the potentially dilutive common shares been issued. The following table provides a reconciliation of income (loss) from continuing operations to income (loss) from continuing operations available to A&B shareholders and net income (loss) available to A&B shareholders for the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017 (in millions): 2019 2018 2017 Income (loss) from continuing operations $ (36.9) $ Exclude: (Income) loss attributable to noncontrolling interest Income (loss) from continuing operations attributable to A&B shareholders Exclude: (Increase) decrease in carrying value of redeemable non- controlling interest Income (loss) from continuing operations available to A&B shareholders Distributions and allocations to participating securities Income (loss) from continuing operations available to A&B common shareholders Income (loss) from discontinued operations available to A&B common shareholders Net income (loss) available to A&B common shareholders $ 2.0 (34.9) — (34.9) (0.2) (35.1) (69.2) $ (2.2) (71.4) — (71.4) — (71.4) 228.1 (2.2) 225.9 1.8 227.7 — 227.7 2.4 230.1 (1.5) (36.6) $ (0.6) (72.0) $ The number of shares used to compute basic and diluted earnings per share for the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017 were as follows (in millions): Denominator for basic EPS - weighted average shares outstanding Effect of dilutive securities: Stock options and restricted stock unit awards Special Distribution Denominator for diluted EPS - weighted average shares outstanding 2019 2018 2017 72.2 — — 72.2 70.6 — — 70.6 49.2 0.8 3.0 53.0 There were 0.2 million shares of anti-dilutive securities outstanding during the year ended December 31, 2019. There were no shares of anti-dilutive securities outstanding during the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017. 17. REDEEMABLE NONCONTROLLING INTEREST The Company has a 70% ownership interest in GLP through its ownership of Grace Pacific. The redeemable noncontrolling interest of GLP is recorded at the greater of (i) the initial carrying amount, increased or decreased for the noncontrolling interest's share of net income or loss and distributions, or (ii) the redemption value, which is derived from a specified formula. These adjustments are reflected in the computation of earnings per share using the two-class method. 87 18. CESSATION OF SUGAR OPERATIONS A summary of the pre-tax costs for the year ended December 31, 2019 and cumulative pre-tax costs associated with the cessation of sugar operations were as follows (in millions): Year Ended December 31, 2019 Cumulative Amount Employee severance benefits and related costs Asset write-offs and accelerated depreciation Property removal, restoration and other exit- related costs Total cessation-related costs $ $ — $ — 1.1 1.1 $ 22.1 71.3 11.2 104.6 Activity of the cessation-related liabilities during the year ended December 31, 2019 were as follows (in millions): Balance at December 31, 2018 Expense Cash payments Balance at December 31, 2019 1 Includes asset retirement obligations. Other Exit Costs1 4.1 $ 1.1 (1.4) 3.8 $ Cessation-related liabilities are presented within Accrued and other liabilities in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets at December 31, 2019 and 2018. 19. SEGMENT RESULTS Operating segments are components of an enterprise that engage in business activities from which it may earn revenues and incur expenses, whose operating results are regularly reviewed by the chief operating decision maker to make decisions about resources to be allocated to the segment and assess its performance, and for which discrete financial information is available. The Company operates and reports on three segments: Commercial Real Estate; Land Operations; and Materials & Construction. The Commercial Real Estate segment owns, operates, and manages a portfolio of retail, office and industrial properties in Hawai‘i totaling 3.9 million square feet of gross leasable area. The Company also leases approximately 153.8 acres of commercial land in Hawai‘i to third-party lessees. The Land Operations segment generates its revenues and creates value through an active and comprehensive program of land stewardship, planning, entitlement, development, real estate investment and sale of land and commercial and residential properties, principally in Hawai‘i. The Materials & Construction segment performs asphalt paving as prime contractor and subcontractor; imports and sells liquid asphalt; mines, processes and sells rock and sand aggregates; produces and sells asphaltic concrete; provides and sells various construction- and traffic-control-related products and manufactures and sells precast concrete products. The accounting policies of the operating segments are described in Note 2, Significant Accounting Policies. Reportable segments are measured based on operating profit, exclusive of interest expense, general corporate expenses and income taxes. Revenues related to transactions between reportable segments have been eliminated in consolidation. Transactions between reportable segments are accounted for on the same basis as transactions with unrelated third parties. A significant portion of Materials & Construction revenue and accounts receivable is generated directly and indirectly from projects administered by the City and County of Honolulu and from the State of Hawai‘i. Reductions in funding of infrastructure projects by these government agencies could reduce our revenue and profits from our M&C segment. Further, although the customer mix of real estate sales in any given period in our Land Operations segment may be diverse in any given period, during the year ended December 31, 2018, the Land Operations segment recognized $162.2 million of gross profit from the Agricultural Land Sale to Mahi Pono. 88 Operating segment information for the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017 is summarized below (in millions): Operating Revenue: Commercial Real Estate Land Operations Materials & Construction Total operating revenue Operating Profit (Loss): Commercial Real Estate1 Land Operations2 Materials & Construction6 Total operating profit (loss) Gain (loss) on the sale of commercial real estate properties Interest expense General corporate expenses REIT evaluation/conversion costs Income (Loss) from Continuing Operations Before Income Taxes Identifiable Assets: Commercial Real Estate Land Operations3 Materials & Construction Other Total assets Capital Expenditures: Commercial Real Estate4 Land Operations5 Materials & Construction Other Total capital expenditures Depreciation and Amortization: Commercial Real Estate Land Operations Materials & Construction Other Total depreciation and amortization 2019 2018 2017 $ 160.6 114.1 160.5 435.2 66.2 20.8 (69.2) 17.8 — (33.1) (23.6) — (38.9) $ 1,532.6 282.5 243.0 26.2 2,084.3 250.5 2.3 1.9 0.4 255.1 36.7 1.6 11.4 0.8 50.5 $ $ $ $ $ $ $ 140.3 289.5 214.6 644.4 58.5 (26.7) (73.2) (41.4) 51.4 (35.3) (27.6) — (52.9) $ 1,530.4 350.0 297.1 47.7 2,225.2 282.7 1.4 11.0 1.0 296.1 28.0 1.9 12.1 0.8 42.8 $ $ $ $ $ $ 136.9 84.5 204.1 425.5 34.4 14.2 22.0 70.6 9.3 (25.6) (29.2) (15.2) 9.9 1,128.1 604.2 379.2 119.7 2,231.2 32.8 1.4 6.3 0.2 40.7 26.0 1.6 12.2 1.6 41.4 $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ 1 Commercial Real Estate segment operating profit (loss) includes intersegment operating revenue, primarily from the Materials & Construction segment, and is eliminated in the consolidated results of operations. 2 Land Operations segment operating profit (loss) includes equity in earnings (losses) from the Company's various real estate joint ventures and non- cash reductions related to the Company's solar tax equity investments. 3 The Land Operations segment includes assets related to its investment in various real estate joint ventures. 4 Represents gross capital additions to the commercial real estate portfolio, including gross tax deferred property purchases but excluding the assumption of debt, that are reflected as non-cash transactions in the consolidated statements of cash flows. 5 Excludes expenditures for real estate developments held for sale, which are classified as cash flows from operating activities within the consolidated statements of cash flows, and excludes investment in joint ventures classified as cash flows from investing activities. 6 Materials & Construction segment operating profit (loss) for the year ended December 31, 2019 includes an impairment charge related to its goodwill of $49.7 million. Materials & Construction segment operating profit (loss) for the December 31, 2018 includes cumulative impairment charges related to long-lived assets, finite-lived intangible assets, and goodwill of $77.8 million. 89 20. REAL ESTATE ACQUISITIONS 2019 Acquisitions During the year ended December 31, 2019, the Company acquired five commercial real estate assets for $218.4 million that were accounted for as asset acquisitions. Such acquisitions were structured as like-kind exchanges in accordance with Internal Revenue Code §1031, using cash proceeds from the Agricultural Land Sale. The allocation of purchase price to the aggregate assets acquired and liabilities assumed in connection with the five commercial real estate acquisitions in 2019 was as follows (in millions): Fair value of assets acquired and liabilities assumed Assets acquired: Land Property and improvements In-place leases Favorable leases Total assets acquired Liabilities assumed: Unfavorable leases Total liabilities assumed Net assets acquired $ $ $ $ 106.9 91.3 23.2 4.3 225.7 7.3 7.3 218.4 As of the acquisition date, the weighted-average amortization periods of the in-place and favorable leases were approximately 8.2 years and 4.7 years, respectively. The weighted-average amortization period of the unfavorable leases was approximately 18.6 years. 2018 Acquisitions During the year ended December 31, 2018, the Company acquired five commercial real estate assets for an aggregate purchase price of $303.7 million that were accounted for as asset acquisitions. The acquisitions were largely funded through cash using §1031 proceeds from the sale of the Company's last seven mainland properties and also from the Agricultural Land Sale. The aggregate purchase price also included a mortgage loan with a contractual principal amount of $62.0 million that is secured by one of the properties and $2.7 million of capitalized and acquisition-related costs paid to third parties. The allocation of purchase price to assets acquired and liabilities assumed were as follows (in millions): Fair value of assets acquired and liabilities assumed Assets acquired: Land Property and improvements In-place leases Favorable leases Total assets acquired Liabilities assumed: Unfavorable leases Notes payable and other debt1 Total liabilities assumed Net assets acquired 1 Includes a fair value adjustment of $1.0 million. $ $ $ $ $ 92.8 173.9 32.0 6.7 305.4 2.7 61.0 63.7 241.7 As of the acquisition date, the weighted-average amortization periods of the in-place and favorable leases were approximately 12.4 years and 11.7 years, respectively. The weighted-average amortization period of the unfavorable leases was approximately 11.5 years. 90 21. AGRICULTURAL LAND SALE On December 17, 2018, A&B entered into a Purchase and Sale Agreement and Escrow Instructions (the "PSA") with Mahi Pono (the "Buyer") related to the Agricultural Land Sale, which resulted in the sale of approximately 41,000 acres of Maui agricultural land and 100% of the Company's ownership interest in Central Maui Feedstocks LLC and Kulolio Ranch LLC in exchange for cash consideration of approximately $261.6 million, less customary closing costs and fees, subject to certain contingencies and reserves of approximately $19.5 million. The Agricultural Land Sale closed on December 20, 2018, with the exception of approximately 800 acres that were delivered to the Buyer in February 2019. In connection with the Agricultural Land Sale, the Company recognized gross profit of approximately $162.2 million during the year ended December 31, 2018, and $6.7 million during the year ended December 31, 2019. The Company also deferred approximately $62.0 million of revenue related to certain performance obligations involving securing adequate water to support the Buyer's agricultural plans for the land, through an agreement with the State of Hawai‘i to provide rights to access state water for agricultural irrigation (“State Water Lease”), as well as ensuring that the Buyer has continued access to water prior to the issuance of the State Water Lease. Under the terms of the PSA, the Company may be required to remit amounts up to $62.0 million to the Buyer to the extent performance obligations are not met (recorded as deferred revenue of $62.0 million as of December 31, 2019 and 2018). The Agricultural Land Sale was deemed an asset sale and represents normal recurring activity for the Land Operations segment. Revenue and the cost of the land sold were presented within Operating Revenue: Land Operations and Cost of Land Operations, respectively, in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations. The disposition of the Agricultural Land Sale did not qualify to be reported as discontinued operations since the disposition did not represent a strategic shift in the Company’s operations. Accordingly, the operating results of the assets are reflected in the Company’s results from continuing operations for all periods presented through the date of disposition. In addition to the Agricultural Land Sale, in February 2019, the Company sold 50% of its interest in East Maui Irrigation Company, LLC ("EMI") to the Buyer in exchange for cash proceeds of $2.7 million and concurrently entered into a joint venture operating agreement that governs the operation and management of EMI. 22. GOODWILL The Company's goodwill balance as of December 31, 2019 and 2018 was $15.4 million and $65.1 million, respectively, and is attributable to the three reporting units in the M&C segment - GPC (primarily consisting of the Grace Pacific’s quarry, paving, and liquid asphalt operations), GPRS (primarily consisting of Grace Pacific’s roadway and maintenance solutions operations) and GPRM (primarily consisting of Grace Pacific’s prestressed and precast concrete operations) - and the CRE reporting unit, which is also a reportable segment. The changes in the carrying amount of goodwill (for each period a consolidated balance sheet is presented) allocated to the Company's reportable segments starting with the year ended December 31, 2018 and continuing to the year ended December 31, 2019 were as follows (in millions): 2018 2019 Materials & Construction Commercial Real Estate Total Materials & Construction Commercial Real Estate Total Balance, beginning of year Gross amount of goodwill $ 93.6 $ Accumulated impairment losses Impairment losses Balance, end of year Gross amount of goodwill Accumulated impairment losses — 93.6 (37.2) 93.6 (37.2) 8.7 — 8.7 — 8.7 — $ 102.3 $ 93.6 $ — 102.3 (37.2) 56.4 (37.2) (49.7) 102.3 (37.2) 93.6 (86.9) $ 8.7 — 8.7 — 8.7 — 102.3 (37.2) 65.1 (49.7) 102.3 (86.9) $ 56.4 $ 8.7 $ 65.1 $ 6.7 $ 8.7 $ 15.4 91 There is no goodwill related to the Land Operations segment. Goodwill impairment: The goodwill impairment test estimates the fair value of a reporting unit using various methodologies, including an income approach that is based on a discounted cash flow analysis and a market approach that involves the application of market-derived multiples. Valuations performed in conjunction with the Company's goodwill impairment tests for each reporting unit assumes that each is an unrelated business to be sold separately and independently from the other reporting units. The discounted cash flow approach relies on a number of assumptions, including future macroeconomic conditions, market factors specific to the reporting unit, the amount and timing of estimated future cash flows to be generated by the business over an extended period of time and a discount rate that considers the risks related to the amount and timing of the cash flows, among others. Under the market multiple methodology, the estimate of fair value is based on market multiples of EBITDA (earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization) or revenues. When using market multiples of EBITDA or revenues, the Company must make judgments about the comparability of those multiples in closed and proposed transactions and comparability of multiples for similar companies. If the results of the Company's test indicates that a reporting unit's estimated fair value is less than its carrying value, an impairment charge is recognized for the amount by which the carrying amount exceeds the reporting unit's fair value, not to exceed the total amount of goodwill allocated to that reporting unit. Based on the results of the valuation performed in conjunction with the Company's annual goodwill impairment test in 2018, the carrying amounts of the GPC and GPRS reporting units exceeded their estimated fair values and goodwill was determined to be impaired. The decline in fair value was due primarily to persisting, competitive market pressures that negatively affected sales and margins. As a result, the Company recorded a non-cash impairment charge of $37.2 million during the fourth quarter of 2018. During the quarter ended September 30, 2019, the Company was required to perform an interim impairment test for the goodwill in each of its three M&C reporting units due to the continued decline in M&C sales and margins in 2019, which resulted from continued, adverse market conditions. Based on the results of the valuation performed in conjunction with this test, the carrying amounts of the three M&C reporting units exceeded their estimated fair values and goodwill was determined to be impaired. As a result, the Company recorded a non-cash impairment charge of $49.7 million during the third quarter of 2019. The Company's goodwill and impairment test estimated the fair value of the M&C reporting units using various methodologies, including a market approach that involves the application of market-derived multiples and an income approach that was based on a discounted cash flow analysis. The Company classified these fair value measurements as Level 3. The weighted- average discount rate used in the 2018 valuation and 2019 valuation was 13.6% and 12.7%, respectively. 23. SUBSEQUENT EVENT On February 13, 2020, the Company entered into an agreement with Wells Fargo to execute a pay-fixed, receive variable interest rate swap with a notional amount of $50.0 million and monthly payments through February 27, 2023 to fix the variable interest component on the Company's existing debt at an effective rate of 1.35%. On February 25, 2020, the Company's Board of Directors declared a cash dividend of $0.19 per share of outstanding common stock, payable on March 24, 2020 to shareholders of record as of the close of business on March 9, 2020. 92 24. UNAUDITED SUMMARIZED QUARTERLY INFORMATION Unaudited quarterly results for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018 were as follows (in millions, except per share amounts): Revenue Total Operating Profit (Loss) Income (Loss) from Continuing Operations Before Income Taxes Net Income (Loss) Attributable to A&B Shareholders Net Income (loss) Available to A&B shareholders Basic Earnings (Loss) Per Share Diluted Earnings (Loss) Per Share Weighted-Average Number of Shares Outstanding: Basic Diluted Revenue Total Operating Profit (Loss) Income (Loss) from Continuing Operations Before Income Taxes Net Income (Loss) Attributable to A&B Shareholders Net Income (loss) Available to A&B shareholders Basic Earnings (Loss) Per Share Diluted Earnings (Loss) Per Share Weighted-Average Number of Shares Outstanding: Basic Diluted $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ Q1 129.4 23.7 8.4 9.0 9.0 0.12 0.12 72.1 72.5 Q1 113.3 10.3 44.8 47.3 47.3 0.71 0.66 66.4 72.2 $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ 2019 Q2 $ 109.1 13.2 $ (1.3) $ (0.8) $ Q3 89.1 $ (37.1) $ (50.8) $ (49.8) $ Q4 107.6 18.0 4.8 5.2 5.0 0.07 0.07 72.3 72.5 (0.8) $ (0.01) $ (0.01) $ (49.8) $ (0.69) $ (0.69) $ 72.2 72.2 72.3 72.3 2018 Q2 112.1 18.8 2.8 2.5 2.5 0.03 0.03 72.0 72.3 Q3 119.4 32.4 16.8 14.8 Q4 299.6 $ $ (102.9) $ (117.3) $ (136.6) 14.8 0.21 0.20 $ (136.6) (1.90) $ (1.90) $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ 72.0 72.4 72.0 72.0 ITEM 9. CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS ON ACCOUNTING AND FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE None. ITEM 9A. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES Disclosure Controls and Procedures The Company's management, with the participation of the Company's Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, has evaluated the effectiveness of the Company's disclosure controls and procedures (as such term is defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Exchange Act) as of the end of the period covered by this report. Based on such evaluation, the Company's Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer have concluded that, as of December 31, 2019, the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures were effective. Internal Control Over Financial Reporting There have not been any changes in the Company's internal control over financial reporting (as such term is defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Exchange Act) during the Company's fiscal fourth quarter that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company's internal control over financial reporting. 93 Management’s Annual Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting The management of Alexander & Baldwin, Inc. has the responsibility for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting. Internal control over financial reporting is defined in Rule 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, as a process designed by, or under the supervision of, the Company’s principal executive and principal financial officers and effected by the Company’s board of directors, management and other personnel to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America and includes those policies and procedures that: • • • Pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of assets of the Company; Provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America, and that receipts and expenditures of the Company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the Company; and Provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use or disposition of the Company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements. Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting only provides reasonable assurance with respect to financial statement presentation and preparation and cannot provide absolute assurance that all control issues and instances of fraud, if any, will be detected. Management does not expect that the Company’s internal controls will prevent or detect all errors and all fraud. Additionally, the design of a control system must consider the benefits of the controls relative to their costs. Projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risks that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate. Management assessed the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2019. In making this assessment, management used the criteria set forth by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO) in Internal Control-Integrated Framework (2013). Based on its assessment, management believes that, as of December 31, 2019, the Company’s internal control over financial reporting was effective. The Company’s independent registered public accounting firm, Deloitte & Touche LLP, has issued an audit report on the Company’s internal control over financial reporting. That report appears below. 94 REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM To the shareholders and the Board of Directors of Alexander & Baldwin, Inc. Opinion on Internal Control over Financial Reporting We have audited the internal control over financial reporting of Alexander & Baldwin, Inc. and subsidiaries (the “Company”) as of December 31, 2019, based on criteria established in Internal Control - Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO). In our opinion, the Company maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2019, based on criteria established in Internal Control - Integrated Framework (2013) issued by COSO. We have also audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB), the consolidated financial statements as of and for the year ended December 31, 2019, of the Company and our report dated February 27, 2020, expressed an unqualified opinion on those consolidated financial statements. Basis for Opinion The Company’s management is responsible for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting, included in the accompanying Management’s Annual Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s internal control over financial reporting based on our audit. We are a public accounting firm registered with the PCAOB and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB. We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects. Our audit included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk, and performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion. Definition and Limitations of Internal Control over Financial Reporting A company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A company’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (1) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements. Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate. /s/ Deloitte & Touche LLP Honolulu, Hawai‘i February 27, 2020 95 ITEM 10. DIRECTORS, EXECUTIVE OFFICERS AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE A. Directors PART III For information about the directors of A&B, see the section captioned “Election of Directors” in A&B’s proxy statement for the 2020 Annual Meeting of Shareholders (“A&B’s 2020 Proxy Statement”), which section is incorporated herein by reference. B. Executive Officers As of February 15, 2020, the name of each executive officer of A&B (in alphabetical order), age (in parentheses), and present and prior positions with A&B and business experience for the past five years are given below. Generally, the term of office of executive officers is at the pleasure of the Board of Directors. For a discussion of change in control agreements between A&B and certain of A&B’s executive officers, and the Executive Severance Plan, see the subsections captioned “Other Potential Post-Employment Payments” in A&B’s 2020 Proxy Statement, which subsections are incorporated herein by reference. References within this section to A&B include the Company and Alexander & Baldwin, Inc. prior to the Holding Company Merger, which was completed on November 8, 2017 in order to facilitate the Company's conversion to a REIT. Also, references to “A&B Predecessor” are to Alexander & Baldwin, Inc. prior to its separation from Matson, Inc. on June 29, 2012. Christopher J. Benjamin (56) Chief Executive Officer of A&B, 1/16-present; President of A&B, 6/12-present; Chief Operating Officer of A&B, 6/12-12/15; President of Land Group of A&B Predecessor, 9/11-6/12; President of A & B Properties Inc., 9/11-8/15; Senior Vice President of A&B Predecessor, 7/05-8/11; Chief Financial Officer of A&B Predecessor, 2/04-8/11; Treasurer of A&B Predecessor, 5/06-8/11; Plantation General Manager, Hawaiian Commercial & Sugar Company, 3/09-3/11; first joined A&B Predecessor in 2001. Brett A. Brown (55) Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer of A&B, 5/19-present; Treasurer of A&B, 8/19-present; Chief Financial Officer of PREP Property Group, 2/18-5/19; Executive Vice President, Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer of IRC Retail Centers/Inland Real Estate Corporation, 8/11-7/17. Meredith J. Ching (63) Executive Vice President, External Affairs, of A&B, 3/18-present; Senior Vice President, External Affairs, of A&B, 6/12-3/18; Senior Vice President, Government & Community Relations, of A&B Predecessor, 6/07-6/12; first joined A&B Predecessor in 1982. Clayton K. Y. Chun (42) Senior Vice President of A&B, 2/19-present; Chief Accounting Officer of A&B, 1/18-present; Vice President of A&B, 3/18-1/19; Controller of A&B, 9/15-present; Audit Senior Manager of Deloitte & Touche, LLP, 9/00-8/15. Nelson N. S. Chun (67) Executive Vice President of A&B, 3/18-present; Chief Legal Officer of A&B, 6/12-present; Senior Vice President of A&B, 6/12-3/18; Senior Vice President and Chief Legal Officer of A&B Predecessor, 7/05-6/12; first joined A&B Predecessor in 2003. Lance K. Parker (46) Executive Vice President of A&B, 3/18-present; Chief Real Estate Officer of A&B, 10/17-present; President of A&B Properties Hawai‘i, LLC ("ABP"), 9/15-present; Senior Vice President of ABP, 6/13-8/15; first joined A&B Predecessor in 2004. 96 C. Corporate Governance For information about the Audit Committee of the A&B Board of Directors, see the section captioned “Certain Information Concerning the Board of Directors” in A&B’s 2020 Proxy Statement, which section is incorporated herein by reference. D. Code of Ethics For information about A&B’s Code of Ethics, see the subsection captioned “Code of Ethics” in A&B’s 2020 Proxy Statement, which subsection is incorporated herein by reference. ITEM 11. EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION See the section captioned “Executive Compensation” and the subsection captioned “Compensation of Directors” in A&B’s 2020 Proxy Statement, which section and subsection are incorporated herein by reference. ITEM 12. SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT AND RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS See the section captioned “Security Ownership of Certain Shareholders” and the subsection titled “Security Ownership of Directors and Executive Officers” in A&B’s 2020 Proxy Statement, which section and subsection are incorporated herein by reference. See the Equity Compensation Plan Information table in Item 5 of Part II. ITEM 13. CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS, AND DIRECTOR INDEPENDENCE See the section captioned “Election of Directors” and the subsection captioned “Certain Relationships and Transactions” in A&B’s 2020 Proxy Statement, which section and subsection are incorporated herein by reference. ITEM 14. PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTING FEES AND SERVICES Information concerning principal accountant fees and services appears in the section captioned “Ratification of Appointment of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm” in A&B’s 2020 Proxy Statement, which section is incorporated herein by reference. 97 PART IV ITEM 15. EXHIBITS AND FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES A. Financial Statements The financial statements are set forth in Item 8 of Part II above. 98 B. Financial Statement Schedules SCHEDULE III – REAL ESTATE AND ACCUMULATED DEPRECIATION Alexander & Baldwin, Inc. December 31, 2019 (in millions) Description Commercial Real Estate Segment Industrial : Initial Cost Costs Capitalized Subsequent to Acquisition Gross Amounts of Which Carried at Close of Period Encum- brances (1) Land Buildings and Improvements Improvements Carrying Costs Buildings and Land Improvements Total (2) Accumulated Depreciation (3) Date of Construction Date Acquired/ Completed Kapolei Enterprise Center (HI) $ — $ 7.9 $ 16.8 $ 0.8 $ — $ 7.9 $ 17.5 $ 25.4 $ Harbor Industrial (HI) Honokohau Industrial (HI) Kailua Industrial/Other (HI) Kakaako Commerce Center (HI) Komohana Industrial Park (HI) Opule Industrial (HI) P&L Warehouse (HI) Port Allen (HI) Waipio Industrial (HI) Office : Kahului Office Building (HI) Kahului Office Center (HI) Lono Center (HI) Gateway at Mililani Mauka South (HI) Retail : Aikahi Park Shopping Center (HI) Gateway at Mililani Mauka (HI) Hokulei Street (HI) Kahului Shopping Center (HI) Kailua Retail Other (HI) Kaneohe Bay Shopping Ctr. (HI) Kunia Shopping Center (HI) Lanihau Marketplace (HI) Laulani Village (HI) Manoa Marketplace (HI) Napili Plaza (HI) Pearl Highlands Center (HI) Port Allen Marina Ctr. (HI) The Collection (HI) The Shops at Kukui'ula (HI) Waianae Mall (HI) Waipio Shopping Center (HI) Lau Hala Shops (HI) Hookele (HI) Puunene Shopping Center (HI) Queens' MarketPlace (HI) Waipouli Town Center (HI) Other : Oahu Ground Leases (HI) Other miscellaneous investments — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 14.8 — — — 62.0 59.5 — 83.4 — — — — — — — — — — — — — 5.0 10.5 16.9 25.2 10.9 — — 19.6 1.0 — — 7.0 23.5 7.3 16.9 — 84.0 — 2.7 9.4 43.4 43.3 9.4 43.4 — 2.3 8.9 17.4 24.0 — — 24.8 20.4 5.9 231.6 2.5 — 4.8 2.0 20.6 10.8 27.1 — 0.7 7.7 0.4 — 1.4 3.5 6.7 4.7 36.5 — 73.8 13.4 10.6 13.2 64.3 35.9 8.0 96.2 3.4 4.5 30.1 10.1 7.6 — — 28.6 58.9 9.7 0.1 0.1 1.2 0.1 0.5 1.8 1.0 — 1.2 2.4 0.5 7.4 5.2 1.2 5.1 1.8 6.4 2.7 3.1 12.1 2.7 2.1 2.4 2.9 4.8 0.6 13.1 1.9 1.7 4.2 5.3 1.5 37.8 30.8 6.8 1.5 0.9 — 11.7 — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 5.0 10.5 16.9 25.2 10.9 — — 19.6 1.0 — — 5.5 23.5 7.8 16.9 — 84.7 0.4 3.0 9.4 43.4 45.0 9.5 43.4 — 2.3 9.2 17.7 24.0 14.5 13.4 24.8 20.4 6.0 1.2 4.9 2.5 22.4 11.8 27.1 1.2 3.1 8.1 7.8 5.2 2.6 1.2 9.9 13.0 39.3 37.0 38.0 1.2 3.1 27.7 8.8 5.2 2.6 (0.4) (1.1) (0.4) (0.4) (2.8) 2019 1930 Various Various 1969 (3.0) 1990 (0.7) (0.8) 2005-2006, 2018 1970 2019 2018 2017 2013 2014 2010 2018 1970 (2.2) 1983, 1993 1983-1993 (2.3) 1988-1989 2009 (8.3) (3.7) (1.6) 1974 1991 1973 1989 1991 1991 10.1 15.6 (1.3) 1992, 2006 2012 8.7 10.5 39.2 3.1 85.3 15.8 12.4 15.6 67.3 38.9 8.6 32.2 18.3 56.1 3.1 170.0 16.2 15.4 25.0 110.7 83.9 18.1 (2.1) 1971 (1.7) 2008, 2013 (2.3) (1.7) 2015 1951 (14.7) Various (7.2) (5.2) (4.2) (3.9) (4.5) (1.9) 1971 2004 1987 2012 1977 1991 2015 2011 2018 1951 2013 2001 2002 2010 2018 2016 2003, 2013 109.3 152.7 (19.9) 1992-1994 5.3 6.2 33.9 14.9 9.1 23.2 17.4 35.4 60.3 10.5 5.3 8.5 43.1 32.6 33.1 37.7 30.8 60.2 80.7 16.5 (2.4) (0.2) (6.5) (3.1) 2002 2017 2009 1975 (2.3) 1986, 2004 (1.1) (0.4) (2.4) (1.2) (0.3) 2018 2017 2017 2007 1980 2013 1971 2018 2013 2013 2009 2018 2019 2018 2019 2019 — — Total $ 219.7 $ 725.1 $ 612.2 $ 187.2 $ — $ 756.2 $ 768.0 $ 1,524.2 $ (125.3) 99 231.6 2.8 0.1 11.5 231.7 14.3 — (7.1) — — Description (amounts in millions) Land Operations Segment Agricultural Land Kahala Portfolio Kamalani Kauai Landholdings Maui Business Park II Maui Landholdings Wailea B-1 Wailea, other Other miscellaneous investments Encum- brances (1) Land Buildings and Improvements Improvements Carrying Costs Land Buildings and Improvements Total (2) Accumulated Depreciation (3) $ — $ 11.0 $ — $ 0.3 $ — $ 11.0 $ 0.3 $ 11.3 $ — — — — — — — — — — — — 0.1 4.6 19.9 1.6 — — 0.1 — 0.2 — — — — 5.0 5.6 31.9 6.0 — 8.5 0.8 — — — — — — (0.5) — — — — — 0.1 4.6 19.9 1.6 — 5.0 5.7 31.9 6.2 — 8.0 0.8 — 5.0 5.7 31.9 6.3 4.6 27.9 2.4 — — — (0.7) — (0.7) — — (0.8) (2.2) Total $ — $ 37.2 $ 0.3 $ 58.1 $ (0.5) $ 37.2 $ 57.9 $ 95.1 $ (1) See Note 8 to the consolidated financial statements. (2) The aggregate tax basis, at December 31, 2019, for the Commercial Real Estate segment and Land Operations segment assets was approximately $698.6 million, including outside tax basis of consolidated joint venture investments. (3) Depreciation is computed based upon the following estimated useful lives: Building and improvements: 10 – 40 years Leasehold improvements: 5 – 10 years (lesser of useful life or lease term) Other property improvements: 3 – 35 years Reconciliation of Real Estate (in millions) Balance at beginning of year Additions and improvements Dispositions, retirements and other adjustments Impairment of assets Balance at end of year 2019 2018 2017 $ 1,447.7 $ 1,325.1 $ 1,352.7 232.8 (61.2) — 317.8 (194.7) (0.5) 57.8 (66.6) (18.8) $ 1,619.3 $ 1,447.7 $ 1,325.1 Reconciliation of Accumulated Depreciation (in millions) 2019 2018 2017 Balance at beginning of year Depreciation expense Dispositions, retirements and other adjustments Balance at end of year $ 107.6 $ 133.5 $ 122.7 24.3 (4.4) 20.4 (46.3) 18.8 (8.0) $ 127.5 $ 107.6 $ 133.5 100 REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM To the shareholders and the Board of Directors of Alexander & Baldwin, Inc. Opinion on the Financial Statement Schedule We have audited the consolidated financial statements of Alexander & Baldwin, Inc. and subsidiaries (the "Company") as of December 31, 2019 and 2018, and for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2019, and the Company's internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2019, and have issued our reports thereon dated February 27, 2020; such reports are included elsewhere in this Form 10-K. Our audits also included the financial statement schedule of the Company listed in the Index at Item 15. This financial statement schedule is the responsibility of the Company's management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s financial statement schedule based on our audits. In our opinion, the financial statement schedule, when considered in relation to the consolidated financial statements taken as a whole, presents fairly, in all material respects, the information set forth therein. /s/ Deloitte & Touche LLP Honolulu, Hawai‘i February 27, 2020 101 C. Exhibits Required by Item 601 of Regulation S-K Exhibits not filed herewith are incorporated by reference to the exhibit number and previous filing shown in parentheses. All previous exhibits were filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission in Washington, D.C. Exhibits filed pursuant to the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 were filed under file number 001-34187. Shareholders may obtain copies of exhibits for a copying and handling charge of $0.15 per page by writing to Alyson J. Nakamura, Corporate Secretary, Alexander & Baldwin, Inc., P. O. Box 3440, Honolulu, Hawai‘i 96801. 2. Plan of acquisition, reorganization, arrangement, liquidation or succession. 2.a. Agreement and Plan of Merger, dated as of July 10, 2017, by and among Alexander & Baldwin, Investments, LLC (formerly Alexander & Baldwin, Inc.), Alexander & Baldwin, Inc. (formerly Alexander & Baldwin REIT Holdings, Inc.) and A&B REIT Merger Corporation (Exhibit 2.1 to Form 8-K, dated July 12, 2017). 3. Articles of incorporation and bylaws. 3.a. Amended and Restated Articles of Incorporation of Alexander & Baldwin, Inc., effective as of November 8, 2017 (Exhibit 3.1 to Form 8-K, dated November 8, 2017). 3.b. Amended and Restated Bylaws of Alexander & Baldwin, Inc., effective as of November 8, 2017 (Exhibit 3.2 to Form 8-K, dated November 8, 2017). 4. Instruments defining the rights of security holders. 4.a. Description of Capital Stock (Exhibit 4.1 to Form 8-K, dated November 8, 2017). 4.b. Form of Company Common Stock Certificate (Exhibit 4.2 to Form 8-K, dated November 8, 2017). 4.c. Description of Registrant's Securities (Exhibit 4.c. to Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019). 10. Material contracts. 10.a. (i) Amended and Restated Operating Agreement of Kukui‘ula Development Company (Hawaii), LLC, dated May 1, 2009, by and between KDC, LLC, a Hawaii limited liability company, and DMB Kukui‘ula LLC, an Arizona limited liability company (Exhibit 10.6 to Amendment No. 2 to Form 10 filed on May 21, 2012). (ii) First Amendment to the Amended and Restated Operating Agreement of Kukui‘ula Development Company (Hawaii), LLC, dated September 28, 2010, by and between KDC, LLC, a Hawaii limited liability company, and DMB Kukui‘ula LLC, an Arizona limited liability company (Exhibit 10.7 to Amendment No. 2 to Form 10 filed on May 21, 2012). (iii) Second Amendment to the Amended and Restated Operating Agreement of Kukui‘ula Development Company (Hawaii), LLC, dated July 20, 2011, by and between KDC, LLC, a Hawaii limited liability company, and DMB Kukui‘ula LLC, an Arizona limited liability company (Exhibit 10.8 to Amendment No. 2 to Form 10 filed on May 21, 2012). (iv) General Contract of Indemnity, among Alexander & Baldwin, LLC (formerly known as Alexander & Baldwin, Inc.), Kukui‘ula Development Company (Hawaii), LLC, DMB Kukui‘ula LLC, and DMB Communities LLC, in favor of Travelers Casualty and Surety Company of America, dated June 13, 2006 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to Alexander & Baldwin, Inc.’s Form 8-K dated June 14, 2006 (File No. 000-00565)). (v) Mutual Indemnification Agreement, among Kukui‘ula Development Company (Hawaii), LLC, DMB Kukui‘ula LLC, DMB Communities LLC, and Alexander & Baldwin, LLC (formerly known as Alexander & Baldwin, Inc.), dated June 14, 2006 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to Alexander & Baldwin, Inc.’s Form 8-K dated June 14, 2006 (File No. 000-00565)). (vi) General Agreement of Indemnity, among Alexander & Baldwin, LLC (formerly known as Alexander & Baldwin, Inc.), Kukui‘ula Development Company (Hawaii), LLC, and DMB Communities LLC, in favor of Safeco Insurance Company of America, dated August 30, 2006 and entered into September 5, 2006 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to Alexander & Baldwin, Inc.’s Form 8-K dated September 5, 2006 (File No. 000-00565)). (vii) Mutual Indemnification Agreement, among Kukui‘ula Development Company (Hawaii), LLC, DMB Kukui‘ula LLC, DMB Communities LLC, and Alexander & Baldwin, LLC (formerly known as Alexander & Baldwin, Inc.), dated 102 August 30, 2006 and entered into September 5, 2006 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to Alexander & Baldwin, Inc.’s Form 8-K dated September 5, 2006 (File No. 000-00565)). (viii) Credit Agreement between Alexander & Baldwin, LLC (formerly known as Alexander & Baldwin, Inc.), First Hawaiian Bank, Bank of America, N.A. and the other lenders party thereto, dated as of June 4, 2012 (Exhibit 10.2 to Form 8-K, dated June 4, 2012). (ix) First Amendment to Credit Agreement by and among Alexander & Baldwin, LLC, Grace Pacific LLC, Alexander & Baldwin, Inc., A&B II, LLC, Bank of America, N.A., and First Hawaiian Bank, dated December 18, 2013 (Exhibit 10.a.(xvi) to Alexander & Baldwin, Inc.’s Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2015). (x) Second Amended and Restated Credit Agreement by and among Alexander & Baldwin, LLC, Grace Pacific LLC, Alexander & Baldwin, LLC, Series R, Alexander & Baldwin, LLC, Series T, Alexander & Baldwin, LLC, Series M, Bank of America N.A., First Hawaiian Bank, and other lenders party thereto, dated September 15, 2017 (Exhibit 10.1 to Form 8-K, dated September 19, 2017). (xi) Joinder Agreement, by Alexander & Baldwin, Inc., dated November 8, 2017, to Second Amended and Restated Credit Agreement, dated September 15, 2017, among Alexander & Baldwin, LLC, Grace Pacific LLC, Alexander & Baldwin, LLC, Series R, Alexander & Baldwin, LLC, Series T, Alexander & Baldwin, LLC, Series M, Bank of America, N.A., First Hawaiian Bank, and other lenders party thereto (Exhibit 10.a.(xi) to Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2017). (xii) Amended and Restated Credit Agreement, dated December 10, 2015, among Alexander & Baldwin, LLC, Grace Pacific LLC, Bank of America, N.A., and other lenders party thereto (Exhibit 10.a.(xvii) to Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2015). (xiii) Amended and Restated Note Purchase and Private Shelf Agreement among Alexander & Baldwin, LLC (formerly known as Alexander & Baldwin, Inc.), Prudential Investment Management, Inc. and the other purchasers party thereto, dated as of June 4, 2012 (Exhibit 10.1 to Form 8-K, dated June 4, 2012). (xiv) Modification to Amended and Restated Note Purchase and Private Shelf Agreement among Alexander & Baldwin, LLC, Alexander & Baldwin, Inc., Prudential Investment Management, Inc. and the other purchasers party thereto, dated as of September 27, 2013 (Exhibit 10.a.(xviii) to Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2013). (xv) Second Amended and Restated Note Purchase and Private Shelf Agreement among Alexander & Baldwin, Inc., Alexander & Baldwin, LLC, Prudential Investment Management, Inc., and certain affiliates of Prudential Investment Management, Inc., dated December 10, 2015 (Exhibit 10.a.(xx) to Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2015). (xvi) Amendment to Second Amended and Restated Note Purchase and Private Shelf Agreement by and among Alexander & Baldwin, Inc., Alexander & Baldwin, LLC, Prudential Investment Management, Inc., and certain affiliates of Prudential Investment Management, Inc., dated September 15, 2017 (Exhibit 10.2 to Form 8-K, dated September 19, 2017) (xvii) Joinder Agreement, by Alexander & Baldwin, Inc. (formerly Alexander & Baldwin REIT Holdings, Inc.), dated November 8, 2017, to Second Amended and Restated Note Purchase and Private Shelf Agreement, dated December 10, 2015, as amended, between Alexander & Baldwin, LLC, Alexander & Baldwin, Inc., and the other Guarantors party thereto, on the one hand, and the Purchasers party thereto, on the other hand (Exhibit 10.a.(xvii) to Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2017). (xviii) Second Amendment to Second Amended and Restated Note Purchase and Private Shelf Agreement, by and among Alexander & Baldwin, Inc., Alexander & Baldwin, LLC, Alexander & Baldwin, LLC, Series R, Alexander & Baldwin, LLC, Series T, Alexander & Baldwin, LLC, Series M, Prudential Investment Management, Inc., and certain affiliates of Prudential Investment Management, Inc., dated January 8, 2018 (Exhibit 10.a.(xviii) to Form 10 K for the year ended December 31, 2017). (xix) Series J Senior Notes (No. J-1 through No. J-8) by Alexander & Baldwin, LLC, Alexander & Baldwin, LLC, Series R, Alexander & Baldwin, LLC, Series T, and Alexander & Baldwin, LLC, Series M in favor of The Prudential Insurance Company of America, dated April 18, 2018 (Exhibit 10.a.(xix) to Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2018). (xx) Series K Senior Notes (No. K-1 through No. K-8) by Alexander & Baldwin, LLC, Alexander & Baldwin, LLC, Series R, Alexander & Baldwin, LLC, Series T, and Alexander & Baldwin, LLC, Series M in favor of The Prudential 103 Insurance Company of America, dated April 18, 2018 (Exhibit 10.a.(xx) to Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2018). (xxi) Series L Senior Notes (No. L-1 through No. L-8) by Alexander & Baldwin, LLC, Alexander & Baldwin, LLC, Series R, Alexander & Baldwin, LLC, Series T, and Alexander & Baldwin, LLC, Series M in favor of The Prudential Insurance Company of America, dated April 18, 2018 (Exhibit 10.a.(xxi) to Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2018). (xxii) Limited Guaranty among A & B Properties, Inc., First Hawaiian Bank, Wells Fargo Bank N.A., Bank of Hawaii, and Central Pacific Bank, dated as of November 30, 2012 (Exhibit 10.1 to Form 8-K, dated December 4, 2012). (xxiii) Completion Guaranty among A & B Properties, Inc., First Hawaiian Bank, Wells Fargo Bank N.A., Bank of Hawaii, and Central Pacific Bank, dated as of November 30, 2012 (Exhibit 10.2 to Form 8-K, dated December 4, 2012). (xxiv) Note and Mortgage Assumption Agreement, dated January 15, 2013, among U.S. Bank National Association, as trustee for Morgan Stanley Capital I Inc., Commercial Mortgage Pass-Through Certificates, Series 2006-IQ11, TNP SRT Waianae Mall, LLC, and A&B Waianae LLC (Exhibit 10.a.(xx) to Form 10 K for the year ended December 31, 2012). (xxv) Loan Assumption and Amendment to Loan Documents, among PHSC Holdings, LLC, ABP Pearl Highlands LLC, Pearl Highlands LLC, and The Northwestern Mutual Life Insurance Company, dated September 17, 2013 (Exhibit 10.a. (xxii) to Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2013). (xxvi) Promissory Note between ABP Pearl Highlands LLC and The Northwestern Mutual Life Insurance Company, dated November 20, 2014 (Exhibit 10.1 to Form 8-K, dated December 1, 2014). (xxvii) Mortgage and Security Agreement between ABP Pearl Highlands LLC and The Northwestern Mutual Life Insurance Company, dated November 20, 2014 (Exhibit 10.2 to Form 8-K, dated December 1, 2014). (xxviii) Term Loan Agreement among Kukui‘ula Village LLC, Bank of America, N.A., and the other financial institutions party thereto, dated as of November 5, 2013 (Exhibit 10.a.(xxvi) to Alexander & Baldwin, Inc.’s Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2013). (xxix) Real Estate Term Loan Agreement among Kukui‘ula Village LLC, Kukui‘ula Development Company (Hawaii), LLC, Bank of America, N.A., and the other financial institutions party thereto, dated as of November 5, 2013 (Exhibit 10.a.(xxv) to Alexander & Baldwin, Inc.’s Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2013). (xxx) Promissory Note by ABL Manoa Marketplace LF LLC, A&B Manoa LLC, ABL Manoa Marketplace LH LLC, and ABP Manoa Marketplace LH LLC to First Hawaiian Bank, dated August 1, 2016 (Exhibit 10.a.(xxxiv) to Form 10- Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2016). (xxxi) Mortgage, Security Agreement and Fixture Filing by ABL Manoa Marketplace LF LLC, A&B Manoa LLC, ABL Manoa Marketplace LH LLC, and ABP Manoa Marketplace LH LLC to First Hawaiian Bank, dated August 1, 2016 (Exhibit 10.a.(xxxv) to Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2016). (xxxii) Limited Liability Company Agreement of Alexander & Baldwin Investments, LLC, dated as of November 8, 2017 (Exhibit 10.1 to Form 8-K, dated November 8, 2017). (xxxiii) Term Loan Agreement, among Alexander & Baldwin, LLC, Grace Pacific LLC, the other borrowers party thereto, Wells Fargo Bank, National Association, Wells Fargo Securities, LLC, and the other lenders party thereto, dated February 26, 2018 (Exhibit 10.a.(xxxiii) to Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2018). (xxxiv) Promissory Note by TRC Laulani Village, LLC in favor of The Northwestern Mutual Life Insurance Company, dated April 10, 2014 (Exhibit 10.a.(xxxiv) to Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2018). (xxxv) Loan Assumption and Amendment to Loan Documents, among TRC Laulani Village, LLC, ABP E1 LLC, ABP ER1 LLC, and The Northwestern Mutual Life Insurance Company, dated February 23, 2018 (Exhibit 10.a.(xxxv) to Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2018). (xxxvi) Purchase and Sale Agreement, among Hokulei Village, LLC, TRC Laulani Village, LLC, Laulani Village Pad G, LLC, and Puunene Shopping Center, LLC, on one hand, and A & B Properties Hawaii, LLC, Series R, on the other 104 hand, effective as of November 22, 2017, as amended (Exhibit 10.a.(xxxvi) to Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2018). (xxxvii) Purchase and Sale Agreement and Escrow Instructions by Alexander & Baldwin, LLC, Series R, Alexander & Baldwin, LLC, Series T, and A & B Properties Hawaii, LLC, Series R, and Mahi Pono Holdings, LLC, dated December 17, 2018 (Exhibit 10.1 to Form 8-K, dated December 20, 2018). *10.b.1. (i) Alexander & Baldwin, Inc. 2012 Incentive Compensation Plan (Exhibit 99.1 to Form S-8 filed on June 29, 2012). (ii) Amendment No. 1 to Alexander & Baldwin, Inc. 2012 Incentive Compensation Plan, effective as of January 24, 2017 (Exhibit 10.b.1.(ii) to Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2016). (iii) Alexander & Baldwin, Inc. Amended and Restated 2012 Incentive Compensation Plan, as assumed (Exhibit 99.1 to Post-Effective Amendment No. 1 to Form S-8 filed on November 8, 2017). (iv) Alexander & Baldwin, Inc. Amended and Restated 2012 Incentive Compensation Plan, as assumed on November 8, 2017, as further amended and restated effective January 23, 2018 (Exhibit 10.b.1.(iv) to Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2018). (v) Form of Notice of Stock Option Grant (Exhibit 99.2 to Form S-8 filed on June 29, 2012). (vi) Form of Stock Option Agreement for Executive Employees (Exhibit 99.4 to Form S-8 filed on June 29, 2012). (vii) Form of Notice of Time-Based Restricted Stock Unit Grant (Exhibit 10.b.1.(iv) to Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2012). (viii) Form of Notice of Time-Based Restricted Stock Unit Grant (Exhibit 10.b.1(viii) to Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019). (ix) Form of Time-Based Restricted Stock Unit Agreement for Executive Employees (Exhibit 10.b.1.(v) to Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2012). (x) Form of Restricted Stock Unit Agreement for Non-Employee Directors (Exhibit 99.8 to Form S-8 filed on June 29, 2012). (xi) Form of Restricted Stock Unit Agreement for Non-Employee Directors (Deferral Election) (Exhibit 99.9 to Form S-8 filed on June 29, 2012). (xii) Form of Notice of Performance-Based Restricted Stock Unit Grant (Exhibit 99.10 to Form S-8 filed on June 29, 2012). (xiii) Form of Performance-Based Restricted Stock Unit Agreement for Executive Employees (Exhibit 99.12 to Form S-8 filed on June 29, 2012). (xiv) Form of Universal Stock Option Agreement for Substitute Options-Executive Officers (2007 Plan) (Exhibit 99.13 to Form S-8 filed on June 29, 2012). (xv) Form of Universal Stock Option Agreement for Substitute Options (1998 Plan) (Exhibit 99.15 to Form S-8 filed on June 29, 2012). (xvi) Form of Universal Stock Option Agreement for Substitute Options (1998 Non-employee Director Plan) (Exhibit 99.16 to Form S-8 filed on June 29, 2012). (xvii) Form of Universal Restricted Stock Unit Award Agreement for Substitute Awards-Executive Officer (2007 Plan) (Exhibit 99.17 to Form S-8 filed on June 29, 2012). (xviii) Form of Universal Restricted Stock Unit Award Agreement for Substitute Awards-Non-employee Board Member (Exhibit 99.19 to Form S-8 filed on June 29, 2012). (xix) Form of Universal Restricted Stock Unit Award Agreement for Substitute Awards-Non-employee Board Member (Deferral Elections) (Exhibit 99.20 to Form S-8 filed on June 29, 2012). 105 (xx) Form of Restricted Stock Unit Award Agreement for Substitute 2012 Performance-Based Award-Executive Officer (Exhibit 99.21 to Form S-8 filed on June 29, 2012). (xxi) Form of Notice of Award of Performance Share Units (Exhibit 10.2 to Form 8-K, dated January 28, 2013). (xxii) Form of Performance Share Unit Award Agreement (Exhibit 10.1 to Form 8-K, dated January 28, 2013). (xxiii) Form of Notice of Award of Performance Share Units (Exhibit 10.b.1.(xix) to Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2014). (xxiv) Form of Performance Share Unit Award Agreement (Exhibit 10.b.1.(xx) to Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2014). (xxv) Form of Letter Agreement (Exhibit 10.1 to Form 8-K, dated June 28, 2012). (xxvi) Alexander & Baldwin, Inc. Executive Severance Plan (Exhibit 10.2 to Form 8-K, dated June 28, 2012). (xxvii) Alexander & Baldwin, Inc. Executive Severance Plan, amended and restated as of July 29, 2019 (Exhibit 10.b.1. (xxvi) to Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2019. (xxviii) Alexander & Baldwin, Inc. One-Year Performance Improvement Incentive Plan (Exhibit 10.3 to Form 8-K, dated January 28, 2013). (xxix) Amendment No. 1 to Alexander & Baldwin, Inc. One-Year Performance Improvement Incentive Plan, dated July 29, 2014 (Exhibit 10.b.1(xxii) to Alexander & Baldwin, Inc.’s Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2014). (xxx) Alexander & Baldwin, Inc. Excess Benefits Plan (Exhibit 10.4 to Form 8-K, dated June 28, 2012). (xxxi) Amendment No. 1 to the Alexander & Baldwin, Inc. Excess Benefits Plan, effective as of March 1, 2013 (Exhibit 10.b.1(xxiii) to Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2013). (xxxii) Amendment No. 2 to the Alexander & Baldwin, Inc. Excess Benefits Plan, effective as of January 1, 2020 (Exhibit 10.b.1(xxxii) to Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019. (xxxiii) Alexander & Baldwin, Inc. Deferred Compensation Plan for Outside Directors (Exhibit 10.b.1(xxii) to Form 10- Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2012). (xxxiv) Alexander & Baldwin, Inc. Retirement Plan for Outside Directors (Exhibit 10.b.1(xxiii) to Form 10 Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2012). (xxxv) Amendment No. 1 to the Alexander & Baldwin, Inc. Retirement Plan for Outside Directors, effective as of March 1, 2013 (Exhibit 10.b.1(xxvi) to Form 10 Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2013). (xxxvi) Letter Agreement, dated October 22, 2009, between Alexander & Baldwin, LLC (formerly known as Alexander & Baldwin, Inc.) and W. Allen Doane (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.b.1(liv) to Alexander & Baldwin, Inc.’s Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2009). (xxxvii) Letter Agreement, dated March 21, 2019, between Alexander & Baldwin, Inc. and Brett Brown (Exhibit 10.b. 1(xxxviii) to Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2019). (xxxviii) 2019 Alexander & Baldwin Nonqualified Defined Contribution Plan Adoption Agreement (Exhibit 10.b. 1(xxxviii) to Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019). (xxxix) Base Plan for 2019 Alexander & Baldwin Nonqualified Defined Contribution Plan Adoption Agreement (Exhibit 10.b.1(xxxix) to Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019). *All exhibits listed under 10.b.1. are management contracts or compensatory plans or arrangements. 21. Subsidiaries 21.1 Alexander & Baldwin, Inc. Subsidiaries as of February 1, 2020. 23. Consent 106 23.1 Consent of Deloitte & Touche LLP dated February 27, 2020. 31.1 Certification of Chief Executive Officer, as Adopted Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. 31.2 Certification of Chief Financial Officer, as Adopted Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. 32. Certification of Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as Adopted Pursuant to 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. 95. Mine Safety Disclosure. 101. The following information from Alexander & Baldwin, Inc.'s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2019, formatted in iXBRL (Inline Extensible Business Reporting Language): (i) Consolidated Balance Sheets, (ii) Consolidated Statements of Operation, (iii) Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss), (iv) Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows, (v) Consolidated Statements of Equity, and (vi) Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements. 104. Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted as iXBRL and contained in Exhibit 101). ITEM 16. FORM 10-K SUMMARY None. 107 SIGNATURES Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized. February 27, 2020 ALEXANDER & BALDWIN, INC. (Registrant) By: /s/ Christopher J. Benjamin Christopher J. Benjamin President and Chief Executive Officer Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the registrant in the capacities and on the dates indicated. 108 Signature Title Date /s/ Stanley M. Kuriyama Stanley M. Kuriyama Chairman of the Board February 27, 2020 /s/ Christopher J. Benjamin Christopher J. Benjamin President, Chief Executive Officer, and Director /s/ Brett A. Brown Brett A. Brown Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer /s/ Clayton K.Y. Chun Clayton K.Y. Chun Senior Vice President, Chief Accounting Officer and Controller /s/ W. Allen Doane W. Allen Doane /s/ Robert S. Harrison Robert S. Harrison /s/ Diana M. Laing Diana M. Laing /s/ Thomas A. Lewis, Jr. Thomas A. Lewis, Jr. Director Director Director Director /s/ Douglas M. Pasquale Douglas M. Pasquale Lead Independent Director /s/ Michele K. Saito Michele K. Saito /s/ Eric K. Yeaman Eric K. Yeaman Director Director February 27, 2020 February 27, 2020 February 27, 2020 February 27, 2020 February 27, 2020 February 27, 2020 February 27, 2020 February 27, 2020 February 27, 2020 February 27, 2020 109

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