Alexander's
Annual Report 2018

Plain-text annual report

ALEXANDER’S, INC. ANNUAL REPORT TO STOCKHOLDERS 2018 UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549 FORM 10 K ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 For the Fiscal Year Ended: December 31, 2018 OR TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 For the transition period from Commission File Number: to 001-06064 ALEXANDER’S, INC. (Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter) Delaware (State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) 210 Route 4 East, Paramus, New Jersey (Address of principal executive offices) 51-0100517 (IRS Employer Identification No.) 07652 (Zip Code) Registrant’s telephone number, including area code (201) 587-8541 Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act: Title of each class Common Stock, $1 par value per share Name of each exchange on which registered New York Stock Exchange Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: NONE Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. YES NO Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15 (d) of the Act. YES NO Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. YES NO Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (Section 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes No Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S K (section 229.405 of this chapter) is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best of the registrant’s knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10 K or any amendment to this Form 10 K. Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. Large Accelerated Filer Accelerated Filer Non-Accelerated Filer (Do not check if smaller reporting company) Smaller Reporting Company Emerging Growth Company If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Act). Yes No The aggregate market value of the voting and non-voting shares of common stock held by non-affiliates of the registrant, (i.e., by persons other than officers and directors of Alexander’s, Inc.) was $810,094,000 at June 30, 2018. As of January 31, 2019, there were 5,107,290 shares of the registrant’s common stock outstanding. Part III: Portions of the Proxy Statement for the Annual Meeting of Stockholders to be held on May 16, 2019. DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE Item Financial Information: Part I. 1. Business INDEX Page Number 1A. 1B. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. Part II. Risk Factors Unresolved Staff Comments Properties Legal Proceedings Mine Safety Disclosures Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities Selected Financial Data Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk 8. 9. 9A. 9B. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data Changes in and Disagreements With Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure Controls and Procedures Other Information Part III. 10. Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance(1) 11. 12. 13. 14. Executive Compensation(1) Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters(1) Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence(1) Principal Accounting Fees and Services(1) Part IV. 15. Exhibits, Financial Statement Schedules 16. Form 10-K Summary Signatures __________________________ 5 7 18 19 21 21 22 24 25 36 37 58 58 61 61 62 62 62 62 63 73 74 (1) These items are omitted in part or in whole because the registrant will file a definitive Proxy Statement pursuant to Regulation 14A under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 with the Securities and Exchange Commission no later than 120 days after December 31, 2018, portions of which are incorporated by reference herein. 3 FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS Certain statements contained herein constitute forward-looking statements as such term is defined in Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. Forward-looking statements are not guarantees of future performance. They represent our intentions, plans, expectations and beliefs and are subject to numerous assumptions, risks and uncertainties. Our future results, financial condition and business may differ materially fromff those expressed in these forward-looking statements. You can find many of these statements by looking for words such as “approximates,” “believes,” “expects,” “anticipates,” “estimates,” “intends,” “plans,” “would,” “may” or other similar expressions in this Annual Report on Form 10 K. We also note the following forward-looking statements: in the case of our development projects, the estimated completion date, estimated project costs and costs to complete; and estimates of dividends on shares of our common stock. Many of the factors that will determine the outcome of these and our other forward-looking statements are beyond our ability to control or predict. For a further discussion of factors that could materially affect the outcome of our forward-looking statements, see “Item 1A - Risk Factors” in this Annual Report on Form 10 K. u f For these statements, we claim the protection of the safe harbor for forward-looking statements contained in the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. You are cautioned not to place undue reliance on our forward-looking statements, which speak only as of the date of this Annual Report on Form 10-K or the date of any document incorporated by reference. All subsequent written and oral forward-looking statements attributable to us or any person acting on our behalf are expressly qualified in their entirety by the cautionary statements contained or referred to in this section. We do not undertake any obligation to release publicly, any revisions to our forward-looking statements to reflect events or circumstances occurring after the date of this Annual Report on Form 10-K. 4 ITEM 1. BUSINESS GENERAL PART I Alexander’s, Inc. (NYSE: ALX) is a real estate investment trust (“REIT”) incorporated in Delaware, engaged in leasing, managing, developing and redeveloping its properties. All references to “we,” “us,” “our,” “Company” and “Alexander’s” refer to Alexander’s, Inc. and its consolidated subsidiaries. We are managed by, and our properties are leased and developed by, Vornado Realty Trust (“Vornado”) (NYSE: VNO). rr We have seven properties in the greater New York City metropolitan area consisting of: Operating properties g p p p • 731 Lexington Avenue, a 1,311,000 square foot multi-use building, comprising the entire block bounded by Lexington Avenue, East 59th Street, Third Avenue and East 58th Street in Manhattan. The building contains 889,000 and 174,000 of net rentable square feet of office and retail space, respectively, which we own, and 248,000 square feet of residential space consisting of 105 condominium units, which we sold. Bloomberg L.P. (“Bloomberg”) occupies all of the office space. The Home Depot (83,000 square feet), The Container Store (34,000 square feet) and Hennes & Mauritz (27,000 square feet) are the principal retail tenants; • Rego Park I, a 343,000 square foot shopping center, located on Queens Boulevard and 63rd Road in Queens. On April 4, 2017, Sears closed its 195,000 square foot anchor store at the property ($10,300,000 of annual revenue). On October 15, 2018, Sears filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy relief and rejected its lease. The center is also anchored by a 50,000 square foot Burlington, a 46,000 square foot Bed Bath & Beyond and a 36,000 square foot Marshalls; d • Rego Park II, a 609,000 square foot shopping center, adjacent to the Rego Park I shopping center in Queens. The center is anchored by a 145,000 square foot Costco, a 135,000 square foot Century 21 and a 133,000 square foot Kohl’s. On January 10, 2019, Kohl’s announced that it plans to close and sublease its store at the property; Kohl’s remains obligated to us under its lease which expires in January 2031. On September 18, 2017, Toys “R” Us, Inc. (“Toys”), a one-third owned affiliate of Vornado as of December 31, 2018, filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy relief. On June 30, 2018, Toys rejected its 47,000 square foot lease at the property ($2,600,000 of annual revenue) and possession of the space was returned to us; • The Alexander apartment tower, located above our Rego Park II shopping center, contains 312 units aggregating 255,000 square feet; • • Paramus, located at the intersection of Routes 4 and 17 in Paramus, New Jersey, consists of 30.3 acres of land that is leased to IKEA Property, Inc.; and Flushing, a 167,000 square foot building, located on Roosevelt Avenue and Main Street in Queens, that is sub-leased to New World Mall LLC for the remainder of our ground lease term. Property to be developed p y p • Rego Park III, a 140,000 square foot land parcel adjacent to the Rego Park II shopping center in Queens, at the intersection of Junction Boulevard and the Horace Harding Service Road. Relationship with Vornado We are managed by, and our properties are leased and developed by, Vornado, pursuant to various agreements which expire in March of each year and are automatically renewable. Vornado is a fully-integrated REIT with significant experience in managing, leasing, developing, and operating retail and office properties. 5 Relationship with Vornado - continued As of December 31, 2018, Vornado owned 32.4% of our outstanding common stock. Steven Roth is the Chairman of our Board of Directors and Chief Executive Officer, the Managing General Partner of Interstate Properties (“Interstate”), a New Jersey general partnership, and the Chairman of the Board of Trustees and Chief Executive Officer of Vornado. As of December 31, 2018, Mr. Roth, Interstate and its other two general partners, David Mandelbaum and Russell B. Wight, Jr. (who are also directors of the Company and trustees of Vornado) owned, in the aggregate, 26.2% of our outstanding common stock, in addition to the 2.3% they indirectly own through Vornado. Joseph Macnow, our Treasurer, is the Executive Vice President - Chief Financial Officer and Chief Administrative Officer of Vornado. Matthew Iocco, our Chief Financial Officer, is the Executive Vice President - Chief Accounting Officer of Vornado. Significant Tenant Bloomberg accounted for revenue of $107,356,000, $105,224,000 and $104,590,000 in the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017, and 2016, respectively, representing approximately 46% of our total revenues in each year. No other tenant accounted for more than 10% of our total revenues. If we were to lose Bloomberg as a tenant, or if Bloomberg were to be unable to fulfill its obligations under its lease, it would adversely affect our results of operations and financial condition. In order to assist us in our continuing assessment of Bloomberg’s creditworthiness, we receive certain confidential financial information and metrics from Bloomberg. In addition, we access and evaluate financial information regarding Bloomberg from other private sources, as well as publicly available data. Competition We operate in a highly competitive environment. All of our properties are located in the greater New York City metropolitan area. We compete with a large number of property owners and developers. Principal factors of competition are the amount of rent charged, attractiveness of location and quality and breadth of services provided. Our success depends upon, among other factors, trends of the global, national and local economies, the financial condition and operating results of current and prospective tenants and customers, the availability and cost of capital, construction and renovation costs, taxes, governmental regulations, legislation, population and employment trends, zoning laws, and our ability to lease, sublease or sell our properties, at profitable levels. Our success is also subject to our ability to refinance existing debt on acceptable terms as it comes due. Employees We currently have 70 employees. Executive Office Our executive office is located at 210 Route 4 East, Paramus, New Jersey, 07652 and our telephone number is (201) 587-8541. Available Information Copies of our Annual Report on Form 10-K, Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q, Current Reports on Form 8-K, and amendments to those reports, as well as Reports on Forms 3, 4 and 5 regarding officers, directors, and 10% beneficial owners filed or furnished pursuant to Section 13(a), 15(d) or 16(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, are available free of charge on our website (www.alx-inc.com) as soon as reasonably practicable after they are electronically filed with, or furnished to, the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”). Also available on our website are copies of our Audit Committee Charter, Compensation Committee Charter, Code of Business Conduct and Ethics and Corporate Governance Guidelines. In the event of any changes to these items, revised copies will be made available on our website. Copies of these documents are also available directly from us, free of charge. aa In May 2009, Vornado and Interstate each filed with the SEC an amendment to their respective Schedule 13D indicating that they, as a group, own 47.2% of our common stock. This ownership level, together with the shares owned by Messrs. Roth, Mandelbaum and Wight, makes us a “controlled” company for the purposes of the New York Stock Exchange, Inc.’s Corporate Governance Standards (the “NYSE Rules”). This means that we are not required to, among other things, have a majority of the members of our Board of Directors be independent under the NYSE Rules, have all of the members of our Compensation Committee be independent under the NYSE Rules or to have a Nominating Committee. While we have voluntarily complied with a majority of the independence requirements of the NYSE Rules, we are under no obligation to do so and this situation may change at any time. 6 ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS Material factors that may adversely affect our business, operations and financial condition are summarized below. The risks and uncertainties described herein may not be the only ones we face. Additional risks and uncertainties not presently known to us or that we currently believe to be immaterial may also adversely affect our business, operations and financial condition. See “Forward-Looking Statements” contained herein on page 4. OUR INVESTMENTS ARE CONCENTRATED IN THE GREATER NEW YORK CITY METROPOLITAN AREA. CIRCUMSTANCES AFFECTING THIS AREA GENERALLY COULD ADVERSELY AFFECT OUR BUSINESS. All of our properties are in the greater New York City metropolitan area and are affected by the economic cycles and risks inherent in that area. All of our revenues come from properties located in the greater New York City metropolitan area. Real estate markets are subject to economic downturns and we cannot predict how economic conditions will impact this market in either the short or long term. Declines in the economy or declines in the real estate market in this area could hurt our financial performance and the value of our properties. In addition to the factors affecting the national economic condition generally, the factors affecting economic conditions in this area include: • • • • • • • • • • financial performance and productivity of the media, advertising, professional services, financial, technology, retail, insurance and real estate industries; business layoffs or downsizing; industry slowdowns; relocations of businesses; changing demographics; increased telecommuting and use of alternative work places; changes in the number of domestic and international tourists to our markets (including, as a result of changes in the relative strengths of world currencies); infrastructure quality; changes in the rates or treatment of the deductibility of state and local taxes; and any oversupply of, or reduced demand for, real estate. It is impossible for us to assess the future effects of trends in the economic and investment climates of the greater New York City metropolitan region, and more generally of the United States, on the real estate market in this area. Local, national or global economic downturns could negatively affect our business and profitability. We are subject to risks that affect the general and New York City retail environments. Certain of our properties are New York City retail properties. As such, these properties are affected by the general and New York City retail environments, including the level of consumer spending and consumer confidence, change in relative strengths of world currencies, the threat of terrorism, increasing competition from discount retailers, outlet malls, retail websites and catalog companies and the impact of technological change upon the retail environment generally. These factors could adversely affect the financial condition of our retail tenants, or result in the bankruptcy of such tenants, and the willingness of retailers to lease space in our retail locations. Terrorist attacks may adversely affect the value of our properties and our ability to generate cash flow. All of our properties are located in the greater New York City metropolitan area, and our most significant property, 731 Lexington Avenue, is located on Lexington Avenue and 59th Street in Manhattan. In response to a terrorist attack or the perceived threat of terrorism, tenants in this area may choose to relocate their businesses to less populated, lower-profile areas of the United States that may be perceived to be less likely targets of future terrorist activity and fewer customers may choose to patronize businesses in this area. This, in turn, could trigger a decrease in the demand for space in these markets, which could increase vacancies in our properties and force us to lease our properties on less favorable terms. Furthermore, we may experience increased costs for security, equipment and personnel. As a result, the value of our properties and the level of our revenues could decline materially. 7 Natural disasters and the effects of climate change could have a concentrated impact on the area which we operate and could adversely impact our results. Our investments are in the greater New York City metropolitan area and since they are concentrated along the Eastern Seaboard, natural disasters, including hurricanes, could impact our properties. Potentially adverse consequences of “global warming” could similarly have an impact on our properties. Over time, these conditions could result in declining demand for office space in our uu buildings or the inability of us to operate the buildings at all. Climate change may also have indirect effects on our business by increasing the cost of (or making unavailable) property insurance on terms we find acceptable, increasing the cost of energy at our properties and requiring us to expend funds as we seek to repair and protect our properties against such risks. The incurrence of these losses, costs or business interruptions may adversely affect our operating and financial results. REAL ESTATE INVESTMENTS’ VALUE AND INCOME FLUCTUATE DUE TO VARIOUS FACTORS. The value of real estate fluctuates depending on conditions in the general economy and the real estate business. These conditions may also adversely impact our revenues and cash flows. The factors that affect the value of our real estate include, among other things: • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • global, national, regional and local economic conditions; competition from other available space; local conditions such as an oversupply of space or a reduction in demand for real estate in the area; how well we manage our properties; the development and/or redevelopment of our properties; changes in market rental rates; the timing and costs associated with property improvements and rentals; whether we are able to pass all or portions of any increases in operating costs through to tenants; changes in real estate taxes and other expenses; whether tenants and users such as customers and shoppers consider a property attractive; changes in consumer preferences adversely affecting retailers and retail store values; changes in space utilization by our tenants due to technology, economic conditions and business environment; the financial condition of our tenants, including the extent of tenant bankruptcies or defaults; trends in office real estate; the impact on our retail tenants and demand for retail space at our properties due to increased competition from online shopping; availability of financing on acceptable terms or at all; inflation or deflation; fluctuations in interest rates; our ability to obtain adequate insurance; changes in zoning laws and taxation; government regulation; consequences of any armed conflict involving, or terrorist attack against, the United States or individual acts of violence in public spaces, including retail centers; potential liability under environmental or other laws or regulations; natural disasters; general competitive factors; and climate changes. The rents we receive and the occupancy levels at our properties may decline as a result of adverse changes in any of these factors. If our rental revenues and/or occupancy levels decline, we generally would expect to have less cash available to pay our indebtedness and for distribution to our stockholders. In addition, some of our major expenses, including mortgage payments, real estate taxes and maintenance costs generally do not decline when the related rents decline. 8 Capital markets and economic conditions can materially affect our liquidity, financial condition and results of operations as well as the value of an investment in our debt and equity securities. There are many factors that can affect the value of our equity securities and any debt securities we may issue in the future, including the state of the capital markets and economy. Demand for office and retail space may decline nationwide due to an economic downturn, bankruptcies, downsizing, layoffs and cost cutting. Government action or inaction may adversely affect the state of the capital markets. The cost and availability of credit may be adversely affected by illiquid credit markets and wider credit spreads, which may adversely affect our liquidity and financial condition, including our results of operations, and the liquidity and financial condition of our tenants. Our inability or the inability of our tenants to timely refinance maturing liabilities and access the capital markets to meet liquidity needs may materially affect our financial condition and results of operations and the value of our equity securities and any debt securities we may issue in the future. U.S. federal tax reform legislation now and in the future could affect REITs generally, the geographic markets in which we operate, the trading of our shares and our results of operations, both positively and negatively, in ways that are difficult to anticipate. The Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017 (the “2017 Act”) represented sweeping tax reform legislation that made significant changes to corporate and individual tax rates and the calculation of taxes, as well as international tax rules. As a REIT, we are generally not required to pay federal taxes otherwise applicable to regular corporations if we comply with the various tax regulations governing REITs. Shareholders, however, are generally required to pay taxes on REIT dividends. The 2017 Act and future tax reform legislation could impact our share price or how shareholders and potential investors view an investment in REITs. For example, the decrease in corporate tax rates in the 2017 Act could decrease the attractiveness of the REIT structure relative to companies that are not organized as REITs. In addition, while certain elements of the 2017 Act do not impact us directly as a REIT, they could impact the geographic markets in which we operate as well as our tenants in ways, both positive and negative, that areaa difficult to anticipate. For example, the limitation in the 2017 Act on the deductibility of certain state and local taxes may make operating in jurisdictions that impose such taxes at higher rates less desirable than operating in jurisdictions imposing such taxes at lower rates. The overall impact of the 2017 Act also depends on the future interpretations and regulations that may be issued by U.S. tax authorities, and it is possible that future guidance could adversely impact us. RR Real estate is a competitive business. We compete with a large number of real estate property owners and developers, some of which may be willing to accept lower returns on their investments. Principal factors of competition are rents charged, attractiveness of location, the quality of thet property and the breadth and the quality of services provided. Our success depends upon, among other factors, trends of the global, national and local economies, the financial condition and operating results of current and prospective tenants and customers, availability and cost of capital, construction and renovation costs, taxes, governmental regulations, legislation, population and employment trends, zoning laws, and our ability to lease, sublease or sell our properties, at profitable levels. aa We may be adversely affected by trends in office real estate. Telecommuting, flexible work schedules, open workplaces and teleconferencing are becoming more common. These practices enable businesses to reduce their office space requirements. There is also an increasing trend among some businesses to utilize shared office spaces and co-working spaces. A continuation of these trends could, over time, erode the overall demand for office space and, in turn, place downward pressure on occupancy, rental rates and property valuations. We depend on leasing space to tenants on economically favorable terms and collecting rent from tenants who may not be able to pay. Our financial results depend significantly on leasing space in our properties to tenants on economically favorable terms. In addition, because a majority of our income is derived from renting real property, our income, funds available to pay indebtedness and for distributions to stockholders will decrease if certain of our tenants cannot pay their rent or if we are not able to maintain our occupancy levels on favorable terms. If a tenant does not pay its rent, we might not be able to enforce our rights as landlord without delays and might incur substantial legal and other costs. During periods of economic adversity for retailers or otherwise, there may be an increase in the number of tenants that cannot pay their rent, become insolvent or file for bankruptcy, all of which can result in an increase in vacancy rates and lower income and funds available to pay indebtedness and for distributions to stockholders. 9 Bankruptcy or insolvency of tenants may decrease our revenues, net income and available cash. From time to time, some of our tenants have declared bankruptcy, and other tenants may declare bankruptcy or become insolvent in the future. The bankruptcy or insolvency of a major tenant could cause us to have difficulty leasing the remainder of the affected property. Our leases generally do not contain restrictions designed to ensure the creditworthiness of our tenants. As a result, the bankruptcy or insolvency of a major tenant or multiple tenants could result in a lower level of net income and funds available to pay our indebtedness or make distributions to stockholders. We depend upon anchor tenants to attract shoppers at our Rego Park I and II retail properties and decisions made by these tenants, or adverse developments in the businesses of these tenants, could materially affect our financial condition and results tt of operations. Our Rego Park I and II retail properties are anchored by well-known department stores and other tenants who generate shopping traffic. The value of these properties would be adversely affected if our anchor tenants failed to meet their contractual obligations, sought concessions in order to continue operations or ceased their operations, including as a result of bankruptcy. If the level of sales of stores operating in our properties were to decline significantly due to economic conditions, increased competition from online shopping, closing of anchors or for other reasons, tenants may be unable to pay their minimum rents or expense recovery charges. In the event of a default by a tenant or anchor, we may experience delays and costs in enforcing our rights as landlord. Additionally, closure of an anchor or major tenant could result in lease terminations by, or reductions of rent from, other tenants if the other tenants’ leases have co-tenancy clauses. On April 4, 2017, Sears closed its 195,000 square foot store at our Rego Park I shopping center ($10,300,000 of annual revenue). On October 15, 2018, Sears filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy relief and rejected its lease. On January 10, 2019, Kohl’s announced that it plans to close and sublease its 133,000 square foot store at our Rego Park II shopping center; Kohl’s remains obligated to us under its lease which expires in January 2031. We may be unable to renew leases or relet space as leases expire. When our tenants decide not to renew their leases upon their expiration, we may not be able to relet the space. Even if tenants do renew or we can relet the space, the terms of renewal or reletting, taking into account among other things, the cost of improvements to the property and leasing commissions, may be less favorable than the terms in the expired leases. In addition, changes in space utilization by our tenants may impact our ability to renew or relet space without the need to incur substantial costs in renovating or redesigning the internal configuration of the relevant property. If we are unable to promptly renew the leases or relet the space at similar rates or if we incur substantial costs in renewing or reletting the space, our cash flow and ability to service debt obligations and pay dividends and distributions to stockholders could be adversely affected. 731 Lexington Avenue accounts for a substantial portion of our revenues. Loss of or damage to the building would adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations. 731 Lexington Avenue accounted for revenue of $151,834,000, $148,324,000 and $147,567,000 in the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017, and 2016, respectively, representing approximately 65%, 64% and 65% of our total revenues in each year, respectively. Loss of or damage to the building in excess of our insurance coverage, including as a result of a terrorist attack, would adversely affect our results of operations and financial condition. Bloomberg represents a significant portion of our revenues. Loss of Bloomberg as a tenant or deterioration in Bloomberg’s credit quality could adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations. Bloomberg accounted for revenue of $107,356,000, $105,224,000 and $104,590,000 in the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017, and 2016, respectively, representing approximately 46% of our total revenues in each year. No other tenant accounted for more than 10% of our total revenues. If we were to lose Bloomberg as a tenant, or if Bloomberg were to be unable to fulfill its obligations under its lease, it would adversely affect our results of operations and financial condition. We face risks associated with our tenants being designated “Prohibited Persons” by the Office of Foreign Assets Control and similar requirements. Pursuant to Executive Order 13224 and other laws, the Office of Foreign Assets Control of the United States Department of the Treasury (“OFAC”) maintains a list of persons designated as terrorists or who are otherwise blocked or banned (“Prohibited Persons”) from conducting business or engaging in transactions in the United States and thereby restricts our doing business with such persons. In addition, our leases, loans and other agreements may require us to comply with OFAC and related requirements, and any failure to do so may result in a breach of such agreements. If a tenant or other party with whom we conduct business is placed on the OFAC list or is otherwise a party with whom we are prohibited from doing business, we may be required to terminate the lease or other agreement or face other penalties. Any such termination could result in a loss of revenue or otherwise negatively affect our financial results and cash flows. 10 Our business and operations would suffer in the event of system failures. Despite system redundancy, the implementation of security measures and the existence of a disaster recovery plan for our internal information technology systems, our systems are vulnerable to damages from any number of sources, including computer viruses, unauthorized access, energy blackouts, natural disasters, terrorism, war and telecommunication failures. Any system failure or accident that causes interruptions in our operations could result in a material disruption to our business. We may also incur additional costs to remedy damages caused by such disruptions. The occurrence of cyber incidents, or a deficiency in our cyber security, could negatively impact our business by causing a disruption to our operations, a compromise or corruption of our confidential information, and/or damage to our business relationships or reputation, all of which could negatively impact our financial results. We face risks associated with security breaches, whether through cyber attacks or cyber intrusions over the Internet, malware, computer viruses, attachments to e-mails, persons who access our systems from inside or outside our organization, and other significant disruptions of our IT networks and related systems. The risk of a security breach or disruption, particularly through cyber attack or cyber intrusion, including by computer hackers, foreign governments and cyber terrorists, has generally increased as the number, intensity and sophistication of attempted attacks and intrusions from around the world have increased. Although we have not experienced cyber incidents that are individually, or in the aggregate, material, we have experienced cyber attacks in the past, which have thus far been mitigated by preventative, detective, and responsive measures that we have put in place. Our IT networks and related systems are essential to the operation of our business and our ability to perform day-to-day operations (including managing our building systems) and, in some cases, may be critical to the operations of certain of our tenants. Although we make efforts to maintain the security and integrity of these types of IT networks and related systems, and we have implemented various measures to manage the risk of a security breach or disruption, there can be no assurance that our security efforts and measures will be effective or that attempted security breaches or disruptions would not be successful or damaging. Unauthorized parties, whether within or outside our company, may disrupt or gain access to our systems, or those of third parties with whom we do business, through human error, misfeasance, fraud, trickery, or other forms of deceit, including break-ins, use of stolen credentials, social engineering, phishing, computer viruses or other malicious codes, and similar means of unauthorized and destructive tampering. Even the most well protected information, networks, systems and facilities remain potentially vulnerable because the techniques used in such attempted security breaches evolve and generally are not recognized until launched against a target, and in some cases are designed to not be detected and, in fact, may not be detected. Accordingly, we may be unable to anticipate these techniques or to implement adequate security barriers or other preventative measures, and thus it is impossible for us to entirely mitigate this risk. A security breach or other significant disruption involving our IT networks and related systems could disrupt the proper functioning of our networks and systems and therefore our operations and/or those of certain of our tenants; result in the unauthorized access to, and destruction, loss, theft, misappropriation or release of, proprietary, confidential, sensitive or otherwise valuable information of ours or others, which others could use to compete against us or which could expose us to damage claims by third- parties for disruptive, destructive or otherwise harmful purposes and outcomes; result in our inability to maintain the building systems relied upon by our tenants for the efficient use of their leased space; require significant management attention and resources to remedy any damages that result; subject us to litigation claims for breach of contract, damages, credits, fines, penalties, governmental investigations and enforcement actions or termination of leases or other agreements; or damage our reputation among our tenants and investors generally. Any or all of the foregoing could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations, financial condition and cash flows. uu A cyber attack could interfere with our ability to comply with the financial reporting requirements, which could adversely affect us. A cyber attack could also compromise the confidential information of our employees, tenants, customers and vendors. A successful attack could disrupt and materially affect our business operations, including damaging relationships with tenants, customers and vendors. Any compromise of our information security systems could also result in a violation of applicable privacy and other laws, significant legal and financial exposure, damage to our reputation, loss or misuse of the information (which may be confidential, proprietary and/or commercially sensitive in nature) and a loss of confidence in our security measures, which could harm our business. 11 We may incur significant costs to comply with environmental laws and environmental contamination may impair our ability to lease and/or sell real estate. Our operations and properties are subject to various federal, state and local laws and regulations concerning the protection of the environment, including air and water quality, hazardous or toxic substances and health and safety. Under some environmental laws, a current or previous owner or operator of real estate may be required to investigate and clean up hazardous or toxic substances released at a property. The owner or operator may also be held liable to a governmental entity or to third parties for propertytt damage or personal injuries and for investigation and clean-up costs incurred by those parties because of the contamination. These laws often impose liability without regard to whether the owner or operator knew of the release of the substances or caused the release. The presence of contamination or the failure to remediate contamination may also impair our ability to sell or lease real estate or to borrow using the real estate as collateral. Other laws and regulations govern indoor and outdoor air quality including those that can require the abatement or removal of asbestos-containing materials in the event of damage, demolition, renovation or remodeling and also govern emissions of and exposure to asbestos fibers in the air. The maintenance and removal of lead paint and certain electrical equipment containing polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are also regulated by federal and state laws. We are also subject to risks associated with human exposure to chemical or biological contaminants such as molds, pollens, viruses and bacteria which, above certain levels, can be alleged to be connected to allergic or other health effects and symptoms in susceptible individuals. We could incur fines for environmental compliance and be held liable for the costs of remedial action with respect to the foregoing regulated substances or related claims arising out of environmental contamination or human exposureuu to contamination at or from our properties. Each of our properties has been subjected to varying degrees of environmental assessment. To date, these environmental assessments have not revealed any environmental condition material to our business. However, identification of new compliance concerns or undiscovered areas of contamination, changes in the extent or known scope of contamination, human exposure to contamination or changes in clean-up or compliance requirements could result in significant costs to us. In addition, we may become subject to costs or taxes, or increases therein, associated with natural resource or energy usage (such as a “carbon tax”). These costs or taxes could increase our operating costs and decrease the cash available to pay our obligations or distribute to equity holders. Some of our potential losses may not be covered by insurance. We maintain general liability insurance with limits of $300,000,000 per occurrence and per property, and all-risk property and rental value insurance coverage with limits of $1.7 billion per occurrence, including coverage for acts of terrorism, with sub-limits for certain perils such as floods and earthquakes on each of our properties. Fifty Ninth Street Insurance Company, LLC (“FNSIC”), our wholly owned consolidated subsidiary, acts as a direct insurer for coverage for acts of terrorism, including nuclear, biological, chemical and radiological (“NBCR”) acts, as defined by the Terrorism Risk Insurance Program Reauthorization Act, which expires in December 2020. Coverage for acts of terrorism (including NBCR acts) is up to $1.7 billion per occurrence and in the aggregate. Coverage for acts of terrorism (excluding NBCR acts) is fully reinsured by third party insurance companies and the Federal government with no exposure to FNSIC. For NBCR acts, FNSIC is responsible for a $323,000 deductible and 19% of the balance of a covered loss, and the Federal government is responsible for the remaining 81% of a covered loss. We are ultimately responsible for any loss incurred by FNSIC. We continue to monitor the state of the insurance market and the scope and costs of coverage for acts of terrorism or other events. However, we cannot anticipate what coverage will be available on commercially reasonable terms in the future. We are responsible for uninsured losses and for deductibles and losses in excess of our insurance coverage, which could be material. Our mortgage loans are non-recourse to us and contain customary covenants requiring us to maintain insurance. Although we believe that we have adequate insurance coverage for purposes of these agreements, we may not be able to obtain an equivalent amount of coverage at reasonable costs in the future. Further, if lenders insist on greater coverage than we are able to obtain, it could adversely affect our ability to finance or refinance our properties. 12 Compliance or failure to comply with the Americans with Disabilities Act (“ADA”) or other safety regulations and requirements could result in substantial costs. The ADA generally requires that public buildings, including our properties, meet certain federal requirements related to access and use by disabled persons. Noncompliance could result in the imposition of fines by the federal government or the award of damages to private litigants and/or legal fees to their counsel. If, under the ADA, we are required to make substantial alterations and capital expenditures in one or more of our properties, including the removal of access barriers, it could adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations, as well as the amount of cash available for distribution to stockholders. aa Our properties are subject to various federal, state and local regulatory requirements, such as state and local fire and life safety requirements. If we fail to comply with these requirements, we could incur fines or private damage awards. We do not know whether existing requirements will change or whether compliance with future requirements will require significant unanticipated expenditures that will affect our cash flow and results of operations. Changes in the method pursuant to which the LIBOR rates are determined and potential phasing out of LIBOR after 2021 may affect our financial results. The chief executive of the United Kingdom Financial Conduct Authority (“FCA”), which regulates LIBOR, has recently announced that the FCA intends to stop compelling banks to submit rates for the calculation of LIBOR after 2021. It is not possible to predict the effect of these changes, other reforms or the establishment of alternative reference rates in the United Kingdom or m elsewhere. Furthermore, in the United States, efforts to identify a set of alternative U.S. dollar reference interest rates include proposals by the Alternative Reference Rates Committee of the Federal Reserve Board and the Federal Reserve Bank of New York. On August 24, 2017, the Federal Reserve Board requested public comment on a proposal by the Federal Reserve Bank of New York, in cooperation with the Office of Financial Research, to produce three new reference rates intended to serve as alternatives to LIBOR. These alternative rates are based on overnight repurchase agreement transactions secured by U.S. Treasury Securities. rr Any changes announced by the FCA, other regulators or any other successor governance or oversight body, or future changes adopted by such body, in the method pursuant to which the LIBOR rates are determined may result in a sudden or prolonged increase or decrease in the reported LIBOR rates. If that were to occur, the level of interest payments we incur may change. In addition, although certain of our LIBOR based obligations provide for alternative methods of calculating the interest rate payablea on certain of our obligations if LIBOR is not reported, which include requesting certain rates from major reference banks in London or New York, or alternatively using LIBOR for the immediately preceding interest period or using the initial interest rate, as applicable, uncertainty as to the extent and manner of future changes may result in interest rates and/or payments that are higher than, lower than or that do not otherwise correlate over time with the interest rates and/or payments that would have been made on our obligations if LIBOR rate was available in its current form. WE MAY ACQUIRE OR SELL ASSETS OR DEVELOP PROPERTIES. OUR FAILURE OR INABILITY TO CONSUMMATE THESE TRANSACTIONS OR MANAGE THE RESULTS OF THESE TRANSACTIONS COULD ADVERSELY AFFECT OUR OPERATIONS AND FINANCIAL RESULTS. We may acquire, develop, or redevelop properties and this may create risks. Although our stated business strategy is not to engage in acquisitions, we may acquire or develop properties when we believe that an acquisition or development project is otherwise consistent with our business strategy. We may not succeed in (i) developing, redeveloping or acquiring properties; (ii) completing these activities on time or within budget; and (iii) leasing or selling developed, redeveloped or acquired properties at amounts sufficient to cover our costs. Competition in these activities could also significantly increase our costs. Difficulties in integrating acquisitions may prove costly or time-consuming and could divert management’s attention. Acquisitions or developments in new markets or types of properties where we do not have the same level of market knowledge may result in weaker than anticipated performance. We may also abandon acquisition or development opportunities that we have begun pursuing and consequently fail to recover expenses already incurred. Furthermore, we may be exposed to the liabilities of properties acquired, some of which we may not be aware of at the time of acquisition. ff It may be difficult to buy and sell real estate quickly, which may limit our flexibility. Real estate investments are relatively difficult to buy and sell quickly. Consequently, we may have limited ability to vary our uu portfolio promptly in response to changes in economic or other conditions. Moreover, our ability to buy, sell, or finance real estate assets may be adversely affected during periods of uncertainty or unfavorable conditions in the credit markets as we, or potential buyers of our assets, may experience difficulty in obtaining financing. 13 We have an investment in marketable equity securities. The value of this investment may decline as a result of operating performance or economic or market conditions. We have an investment in Macerich, a retail shopping center company. As of December 31, 2018, this investment had a carrying amount of $23,166,000. A decline in the value of this investment due to, among other reasons, Macerich’s operating performance or economic or market conditions, would result in recognized GAAP losses, which could be material. OUR ORGANIZATIONAL AND FINANCIAL STRUCTURE GIVES RISE TO OPERATIONAL AND FINANCIAL RISKS. Substantially all of our assets are owned by subsidiaries. We depend on dividends and distributions from these subsidiaries. The creditors of these subsidiaries are entitled to amounts payable to them by the subsidiaries before the subsidiaries may pay any dividends or distributions to us. Substantially all of our properties and assets are held through our subsidiaries. We depend on cash distributions and dividends from our subsidiaries for substantially all of our cash flow. The creditors of each of our direct and indirect subsidiaries are entitled to payment of that subsidiary’s obligations to them when due and payable before that subsidiary may make distributions or dividends to us. Thus, our ability to pay dividends, if any, to our security holders depends on our subsidiaries’ ability to first satisfy their obligations to their creditors and our ability to satisfy our obligations, if any, to our creditors. In addition, our participation in any distribution of the assets of any of our direct or indirect subsidiaries upon the liquidation, reorganization or insolvency of the subsidiary, is only after the claims of the creditors, including trade creditors, and preferred security holders, if any, of the applicable direct or indirect subsidiaries are satisfied. aa Our existing financing documents contain covenants and restrictions that may restrict our operational and financial flexibility. As of December 31, 2018, we had outstanding mortgage indebtedness of $1,170,544,000, secured by three of our properties. These mortgages contain covenants that limit our ability to incur additional indebtedness on these properties, provide for lender approval of tenants’ leases in certain circumstances, and provide for yield maintenance or defeasance premiums to prepay them. These mortgages may significantly restrict our operational and financial flexibility. In addition, if we were to fail to perform our obligations under existing indebtedness or become insolvent or were liquidated, secured creditors would be entitled to payment in full from the proceeds of the sale of the pledged assets prior to any proceeds being paid to other creditors or to any holders of our securities. In such an event, it is possible that we would have insufficient assets remaining to make payments to other creditors or to any holders of our securities. We have a substantial amount of indebtedness that could affect our future operations. As of December 31, 2018, total debt outstanding was $1,170,544,000. We are subject to the risks normally associated with debt financing, including the risk that our cash flow from operations will be insufficient to meet required debt service. Our debt service costs generally will not be reduced if developments in the market or at our properties, such as the entry of new competitors or the loss of major tenants, cause a reduction in the income from our properties. Should such events occur, our operations may be adversely affected. If a property is mortgaged to secure payment of indebtedness and income from such property is insufficient to pay that indebtedness, the property could be foreclosed upon by the mortgagee resulting in a loss of income and a decline in our total asset value. We have outstanding debt, and the amount of debt and its cost may increase and refinancing may not be available on acceptable terms. As of December 31, 2018, total debt outstanding was $1,170,544,000 and our ratio of total debt to total enterprise value was 47.9%. “Enterprise value” means the market equity value of our common stock, plus debt, less cash and cash equivalents at such date. In addition, we have significant debt service obligations. For the year ended December 31, 2018, our scheduled cash payments for principal and interest were $41,881,000. In the future, we may incur additional debt, and thus increase the ratio of total debt to total enterprise value. If our level of indebtedness increases, there may be an increased risk of default which could adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations. In addition, in a rising interest rate environment, the cost of refinancing our existing debt and any new debt or market rate security or instrument may increase. Continued uncertainty in the equity and credit markets may negatively impact our ability to obtain financing on reasonable terms or at all, which may negatively affect our ability to refinance our debt. 14 We might fail to qualify or remain qualified as a REIT, and may be required to pay income taxes at corporate rates. Although we believe that we will remain organized and will continue to operate so as to qualify as a REIT for federal income tax purposes, we might fail to remain qualified. Qualification as a REIT for federal income tax purposes is governed by highly technical and complex provisions of the Internal Revenue Code (the “Code”) for which there are only limited judicial or administrative interpretations and depends on various facts and circumstances that are not entirely within our control. In addition, legislation, new regulations, administrative interpretations or court decisions may significantly change the relevant tax laws and/ or the federal income tax consequences of qualifying as a REIT. If, with respect to any taxable year, we fail to maintain our qualification as a REIT and do not qualify under statutory relief provisions, we could not deduct distributions to stockholders in computing our taxable income and would have to pay federal income tax on our taxable income at regular corporate rates. The federal income tax payable would include any applicable alternative minimum tax. If we had to pay federal income tax, the amount of money available to distribute to stockholders and pay our indebtedness would be reduced for the year or years involved, and we would no longer be required to make distributions to stockholders in that taxable year and in future years until we were able to qualify as a REIT and did so. In addition, we would also be disqualified from treatment as a REIT for the four taxable years following the year during which qualification was lost, unless we were entitled to relief under the relevant statutory provisions. We face possible adverse changes in tax laws, which may result in an increase in our tax liability. From time to time changes in tax laws or regulations are enacted, which may result in an increase in our tax liability. The shortfall in tax revenues for states and municipalities in recent years may lead to an increase in the frequency and size of such changes. If such changes occur, we may be required to pay additional taxes on our assets or income. These increased tax costs could adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations and the amount of cash available for payment of dividends. Loss of our key personnel could harm our operations and adversely affect the value of our common stock. We are dependent on the efforts of Steven Roth, our Chief Executive Officer. Although we believe that we could find a replacement, the loss of his services could harm our operations and adversely affect the value of our common stock. 15 ALEXANDER’S CHARTER DOCUMENTS AND APPLICABLE LAW MAY HINDER ANY ATTEMPT TO ACQUIRE US. Provisions in Alexander’s certificate of incorporation and by laws, as well as provisions of the Code and Delaware corporate law, may delay or prevent a change in control of the Company or a tender offer, even if such action might be beneficial to stockholders, and limit the stockholders’ opportunity to receive a potential premium for their shares of common stock over then prevailing market prices. Primarily to facilitate maintenance of its qualification as a REIT, Alexander’s certificate of incorporation generally prohibits ownership, directly, indirectly or beneficially, by any single stockholder of more than 9.9% of the outstanding shares of preferred stock of any class or 4.9% of outstanding common stock of any class. The Board of Directors may waive or modify these ownership limits with respect to one or more persons if it is satisfied that ownership in excess of these limits will not jeopardize Alexander’s status as a REIT for federal income tax purposes. In addition, the Board of Directors has, subject to certain conditions and limitations, exempted Vornado and certain of its affiliates from these ownership limitations. Stock owned in violation of these ownership limits will be subject to the loss of rights and other restrictions. These ownership limits may have the effect of inhibiting or impeding a change in control. Alexander’s Board of Directors is divided into three classes of directors. Directors of each class are chosen for three-year staggered terms. Staggered terms of directors may have the effect of delaying or preventing changes in control or management, even though changes in management or a change in control might be in the best interest of our stockholders. In addition, Alexander’s charter documents authorize the Board of Directors to: • • • cause Alexander’s to issue additional authorized but unissued common stock or preferred stock; classify or reclassify, in one or more series, any unissued preferred stock; and set the preferences, rights and other terms of any classified or reclassified stock that Alexander’s issues. The Board of Directors could establish a series of preferred stock with terms that could delay, deter or prevent a change in control of Alexander’s or other transaction that might involve a premium price or otherwise be in the best interest of our stockholders, although the Board of Directors does not, at present, intend to establish a series of preferred stock of this kind. Alexander’s charter documents contain other provisions that may delay, deter or prevent a change in control of the Company or other transaction that might involve a premium price or otherwise be in the best interest of our stockholders. In addition, Vornado, Interstate and its three general partners (each of whom are both trustees of Vornado and Directors of Alexander’s) together beneficially own approximately 58.6% of our outstanding shares of common stock. This degree of ownership is likely to reduce the possibility of a tender offer or an attempt to change control of the Company by a third party. We may change our policies without obtaining the approval of our stockholders. Our operating and financial policies, including our policies with respect to acquisitions of real estate or other assets, growth, operations, indebtedness, capitalization and dividends, are exclusively determined by our Board of Directors. Accordingly, our stockholders do not control these policies. t 16 OUR OWNERSHIP STRUCTURE AND RELATED-PARTY TRANSACTIONS MAY GIVE RISE TO CONFLICTS OF INTEREST. Steven Roth, Vornado and Interstate may exercise substantial influence over us. They and some of our other directors and officers have interests or positions in other entities that may compete with us. As of December 31, 2018, Interstate and its partners owned approximately 7.1% of the common shares of beneficial interest of Vornado and approximately 26.2% of our outstanding common stock. Steven Roth, David Mandelbaum and Russell B. Wight, Jr. are the partners of Interstate. Mr. Roth is the Chairman of our Board of Directors and Chief Executive Officer, the Chairman of the Board of Trustees and Chief Executive Officer of Vornado and the Managing General Partner of Interstate. Mr. Wight and Mr. Mandelbaum are both trustees of Vornado and members of our Board of Directors. In addition, Vornado manages and leases the real estate assets of Interstate. As of December 31, 2018, Vornado owned 32.4% of our outstanding common stock, in addition to the 26.2% owned by Interstate and its partners. In addition to the relationships described in the immediately preceding paragraph, Dr. Richard West is a trustee of Vornado and a member of our Board of Directors and Joseph Macnow, our Treasurer, is the Executive Vice President - Chief Financial Officer and Chief Administrative Officer of Vornado. Matthew Iocco is our Chief Financial Officer and the Executive Vice President - Chief Accounting Officer of Vornado. Because of their overlapping interests, Vornado, Mr. Roth, Interstate and the other individuals noted in the preceding paragraphs may have substantial influence over Alexander’s, and on the outcome of any matters submitted to Alexander’s stockholders for approval. In addition, certain decisions concerning our operations or financial structure may present conflicts of interest among m Vornado, Messrs. Roth, Mandelbaum and Wight and Interstate and other security holders. Vornado, Mr. Roth and Interstate may, in the future, engage in a wide variety of activities in the real estate business which may result in conflicts of interest with respect to matters affecting us, such as, which of these entities or persons, if any, may take advantage of potential business opportunities, the business focus of these entities, the types of properties and geographic locations in which these entities make investments, potential competition between business activities conducted, or sought to be conducted, by us, competition for properties and tenants, possible corporate transactions such as acquisitions, and other strategic decisions affecting the future of these entities. t There may be conflicts of interest between Vornado, its affiliates and us. Vornado manages, develops and leases our properties under agreements that have one-year terms expiring in March of each year, which are automatically renewable. Because we share common senior management with Vornado and because four of the trustees of Vornado are on our Board of Directors, the terms of the foregoing agreements and any future agreements may not be comparable to those we could have negotiated with an unaffiliated third party. For a description of Interstate’s ownership of Vornado and Alexander’s, see “Steven Roth, Vornado and Interstate may exercise substantial influence over us. They and some of our other directors and officers have interests or positions in other entities that may compete with us.” above. 17 THE NUMBER OF SHARES OF ALEXANDER’S COMMON STOCK AND THE MARKET FOR THOSE SHARES GIVE RISE TO VARIOUS RISKS. The trading price of our common shares has been volatile and may continue to fluctuate. The trading price of our common shares has been volatile and may continue to fluctuate widely as a result of a number of factors, many of which are outside of our control. In addition, the stock market is subject to fluctuations in the share prices and trading volumes that affect the market prices of the shares of many companies. These broad market fluctuations have in the past and may in the future adversely affect the market price of our common shares. Among the factors that could affect the price of our common shares are: • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • our financial condition and performance; the financial condition of our tenants, including the extent of tenant bankruptcies or defaults; actual or anticipated quarterly fluctuations in our operating results and financial condition; our dividend policy; the reputation of REITs and real estate investments generally and the attractiveness of REIT equity securities in comparison to other equity securities, including securities issued by other real estate companies, and fixed income securities; uncertainty and volatility in the equity and credit markets; fluctuations in interest rates; changes in revenue or earnings estimates or publication of research reports and recommendations by financial analysts or actions taken by rating agencies with respect to our securities or those of other REITs; failure to meet analysts’ revenue or earnings estimates; speculation in the press or investment community; strategic actions by us or our competitors, such as acquisitions or restructurings; the extent of institutional investor interest in us; the extent of short-selling of our common shares and the shares of our competitors; fluctuations in the stock price and operating results of our competitors; general financial and economic market conditions and, in particular, developments related to market conditions for REITs and other real estate related companies; domestic and international economic factors unrelated to our performance; changes in tax laws and rules; and all other risk factors addressed elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. A significant decline in our stock price could result in substantial losses for stockholders. Alexander’s has additional shares of its common stock available for future issuance, which could decrease the market price of the common stock currently outstanding. The interest of our current stockholders could be diluted if we issue additional equity securities. As of December 31, 2018, we had authorized but unissued 4,826,550 shares of common stock, par value of $1.00 per share and 3,000,000 shares of preferred stock, par value $1.00 per share; of which 10,057 shares of common stock are reserved for issuance upon redemption of the deferred stock units previously granted to our Board of Directors. In addition, 495,730 shares are available for future grant under the terms of our 2016 Omnibus Stock Plan. These awards may be granted in the form of options, restricted stock, stock appreciation rights, deferred stock units, or other equity-based interests, and if granted, would reduce that number of shares available for future grants, provided however that an award that may be settled only in cash, would not reduce the number of shares available under the plan. We cannot predict the impact that future issuances of common or preferred stock or any exercise of outstanding options or grants of additional equity-based interests would have on the market price of our common stock. r ITEM 1B. UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS There are no unresolved comments from the staff of the Securities and Exchange Commission as of the date of this Annual Report on Form 10-K. 18 ITEM 2. PROPERTIES The following table shows the location, ownership, approximate size (excluding parking garages) and occupancy of each of our properties as of December 31, 2018. Land Building Occupancy Rent Per Average Annualized Lease Expiration (s) Original Option Property Acreage Square Feet Rate Square Foot (1) Tenants Term (2) Term (3) p Operating Properties: g 731 Lexington Avenue p New York, New York Office Retail Rego Park I Queens, New York Rego Park II Queens, New York The Alexander apartment tower, 312 units Queens, New York Paramus 889,000 100% $ 117.66 Bloomberg L.P. 2029 2039 83,000 34,000 27,000 30,000 174,000 1,063,000 50,000 46,000 36,000 16,000 195,000 343,000 145,000 135,000 133,000 47,000 149,000 609,000 1.9 4.8 6.6 The Home Depot The Container Store Hennes & Mauritz Various 2025 2021 2019 Various 2035 N/A N/A Various 99% 193.81 Burlington Bed Bath & Beyond Marshalls Old Navy (4) 2022 2021 2021 2021 N/A 2027 N/A N/A N/A N/A Costco Century 21 Kohl’s (5) (6) Various 2034 2031 2031 N/A Various 2059 2051 2051 N/A Various 43% 46.93 100% 44.73 — 255,000 96% 45.09 (7) Residential (8) N/A N/A Paramus, New Jersey 30.3 — 100% — IKEA (ground lessee) 2041 Flushing y p Queens, New York (9) Property to be Developed: p Rego Park III, adjacent to Rego Park II Queens, New York 1 167,000 100% 18.22 New World Mall LLC 2027 2037 3.2 — , 2,437,000 , — — — — — (1) (2) Represents the contractual weighted average rent per square foot, which excludes the impact of tenant concessions (such as free rent) and tenant reimbursements, as of December 31, 2018. For a discussion of our leasing activity, see Item 7 - Overview - Square Footage, Occupancy and Leasing Activity. Represents the year in which the tenant’s lease expires, without consideration of any renewal or extension options. Lease expiration dates are based on non- cancelable lease terms and do not extend beyond any early termination rights that tenants may have under their lease. Represents the year in which the tenant’s lease expires if all renewal or extension options are exercised. Formerly occupied by Sears. On October 15, 2018, Sears filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy relief and rejected its lease. (3) (4) (5) On January 10, 2019, Kohl’s announced that it plans to close and sublease its store at the property; Kohl’s remains obligated to us under its lease which expires in ff January 2031. (6) Formerly occupied by Toys. On September 18, 2017, Toys filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy relief. On June 30, 2018, Toys rejected its lease and possession of the space was returned to us. Occupied by a temporary tenant as of December 31, 2018. (7) Average monthly rent per unit is $3,075. (8) (9) Ground leased through January 2027 with one 10-year extension option. Residential tenants have one or two year leases. 19 Operating Properties g 731 Lexington Avenue 731 Lexington Avenue, a 1,311,000 square foot multi-use building, comprises the entire block bounded by Lexington Avenue, East 59th Street, Third Avenue and East 58th Street in Manhattan, New York, and is situated in the heart of one of Manhattan’s busiest business and shopping districts, with convenient access to several subway and bus lines. The property is located across the street from Bloomingdale’s flagship store and only a few blocks away from Fifth Avenue and 57th Street. The building contains 889,000 and 174,000 of net rentable square feet of office and retail space, respectively, which we own, and 248,000 square feet of residential space consisting of 105 condominium units, which we sold. Bloomberg occupies all of the office space. The Home Depot (83,000 square feet), The Container Store (34,000 square feet) and Hennes & Mauritz (27,000 square feet) are the principal retail tenants. The office portion of 731 Lexington Avenue is encumbered by a mortgage loan with a balance of $500,000,000 as of December 31, 2018. The interest-only loan is at LIBOR plus 0.90% (3.36% as of December 31, 2018) and matures in June 2020, with four one-year extension options. In connection therewith, we purchased an interest rate cap with a notional amount of $500,000,000 that caps LIBOR at a rate of 6.0%. The retail portion of 731 Lexington Avenue is encumbered by a mortgage loan with a balance of $350,000,000 as of December 31, 2018. The interest-only loan is at LIBOR plus 1.40% (3.78% as of December 31, 2018) and matures in August 2020, with two one-year extension options. 3.78% Rego Park I g Rego Park I, a 343,000 square foot shopping center, located on Queens Boulevard and 63rd Road in Queens. On April 4, 2017, Sears closed its 195,000 square foot anchor store at the property ($10,300,000 of annual revenue). On October 15, 2018, Sears filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy relief and rejected its lease. The center is also anchored by a 50,000 square foot Burlington, a 46,000 square foot Bed Bath & Beyond and a 36,000 square foot Marshalls. The center contains a parking deck (1,241 spaces) that provides for paid parking. d Rego Park II g Rego Park II, a 609,000 square foot shopping center, adjacent to the Rego Park I shopping center in Queens. The center is anchored by a 145,000 square foot Costco, a 135,000 square foot Century 21 and a 133,000 square foot Kohl’s. On January 10, 2019, Kohl’s announced that it plans to close and sublease its store at the property; Kohl’s remains obligated to us under its lease which expires in January 2031. On September 18, 2017, Toys, a one-third owned affiliate of Vornado as of December 31, 2018, filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy relief. On June 30, 2018, Toys rejected its 47,000 square foot lease at the property ($2,600,000 of annual revenue) and possession of the space was returned to us. The center contains a parking deck (1,326 spaces) that provides for paid parking. This center is encumbered by a mortgage loan with a balance of $252,544,000 as of December 31, 2018. The loan bears interest at LIBOR plus 1.35% (3.87% as of December 31, 2018) and matures in December 2025. We hold a $195,708,000 participation in the loan at LIBOR plus 1.35%. p The Alexander Apartment Tower The Alexander apartment tower, located above our Rego Park II shopping center, contains 312 units aggregating 255,000 square feet. 20 Operating Properties - continued Paramus We own 30.3 acres of land located at the intersection of Routes 4 and 17 in Paramus, New Jersey. The land is located directly across from the Garden State Plaza regional shopping mall and is within two miles of three other regional shopping malls and ten miles of New York City. The land has been ground leased to IKEA Property, Inc. since 2001. The lease expires in 2041, with a purchase option in 2021 for $75,000,000. The property is encumbered by a $68,000,000 interest-only mortgage loan with a fixed rate of 4.72%, which matures in October 2021. The annual triple-net rent is the sum of $700,000 plus the amount of interest on the mortgage loan. If the purchase option is exercised, we will receive net cash proceeds of approximately $7,000,000 and recognize a gain on sale of land of approximately $60,000,000. If the purchase option is not exercised, the triple-net rent for the last 20 years would include debt service sufficient to fully amortize $68,000,000 over the remaining 20-year lease term. t Flushingg Flushing is located on Roosevelt Avenue and Main Street in the downtown, commercial section of Flushing, Queens, New York. Roosevelt Avenue and Main Street are active shopping districts and there are many national retailers located in the area. A subway entrance is located directly in front of the property with bus service across the street. The property comprises a four-floor building containing 167,000 square feet and a parking garage, which is sub-leased to New World Mall LLC for the remainder of our ground lease term, which expires in 2027 and has one 10-year extension option. Property to be Developed Rego Park III g We own a 140,000 square foot land parcel adjacent to the Rego Park II shopping center in Queens, New York, at the intersection of Junction Boulevard and the Horace Harding Service Road. The land is currently being used for paid public parking. In 2016, the Company began the entitlement process. ITEM 3. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS We are from time to time involved in legal actions arising in the ordinary course of business. In our opinion, after consultation with our legal counsel, the outcome of such matters will not have a material effect on our financial condition, results of operations or cash flows. In June 2014, Sears Roebuck and Co. (“Sears”) filed a lawsuit in the Supreme Court of the State of New York against Vornado and us (and certain of our subsidiaries) with regard to space that Sears leased at our Rego Park I property alleging that the defendants are liable for harm that Sears has suffered as a result of (a) water intrusions into the premises, (b) two fires in February 2014 that caused damages to those premises, and (c) alleged violations of the Americans with Disabilities Act in the premises’ parking garage. Sears asserted various causes of actions for damages and sought to compel compliance with landlord’s obligations to repair the premises and to provide security, and to compel us to abate a nuisance that Sears claims was a cause of the water intrusions into its premises. In addition to injunctive relief, Sears sought, among other things, damages of not less than $4 million and future damages it estimated would not be less than $25 million. In March 2016, Sears withdrew its claim for future damages leaving a remaining claim for property damages, which we estimate to be approximately $650,000 based on information provided by Sears. We intend to defend the remaining claim vigorously. The amount or range of reasonable possible losses, if any, is not expected to be greater than $650,000. On October 15, 2018, Sears filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy relief resulting in an automatic stay of this case. d t ITEM 4. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES Not applicable. 21 PART II ITEM 5. MARKET FOR REGISTRANT’S COMMON EQUITY, RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS AND ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES Our common stock is listed on the New York Stock Exchange under the symbol “ALX.” As of January 31, 2019, there were 220 holders of record of our common stock. Recent Sales of Unregistered Securities g f During 2018, we did not sell any unregistered securities. Information relating to compensation plans under which our equity securities are authorized for issuance is set forth under Part rr III, Item 12 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K and such information is incorporated by reference herein. Recent Purchases of Equity Securities f q y During 2018, we did not repurchase any of our equity securities. 22 Performance f Graphp The following graph is a comparison of the five-year cumulative return of our common stock, the Standard & Poor’s 500 Index (the “S&P 500 Index”) and the National Association of Real Estate Investment Trusts’ (“NAREIT”) All Equity Index, a peer group index. The graph assumes that $100 was invested on December 31, 2013 in our common stock, the S&P 500 Index and the NAREIT All Equity Index and that all dividends were reinvested without the payment of any commissions. There can be no assurance that the performance of our stock will continue in line with the same or similar trends depicted in the graph below. Comparison of Five-Year Cumulative Return $225 $200 $175 $150 $125 $100 $75 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 Alexander's, Inc. S&P 500 Index The NAREIT All Equity Index Alexander’s S&P 500 Index The NAREIT All Equity Index $ $ 100 100 100 $ 137 114 128 $ 125 115 132 $ 144 129 143 $ 139 157 155 113 150 149 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 23 ITEM 6. SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA The following table sets forth selected financial and operating data. This data should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and notes thereto and “Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. This data may not be comparable to, or indicative of, future operating results. (Amounts in thousands, except per share amounts) 2018 2017 2016 2015 2014 Year Ended December 31, Total revenues Income from continuing operations (1) (Loss) income from discontinued operations Net income Income per common share: Income from continuing operations - basic Income from continuing operations - diluted Net income per common share - basic Net income per common share - diluted $ $ $ $ 232,825 56,641 (23,797) 32,844 $ $ $ 230,574 80,509 — 80,509 $ $ $ 226,936 86,477 — 86,477 $ $ $ 207,915 76,907 — 76,907 $ $ $ 200,814 67,396 529 67,925 11.07 $ 15.74 $ 16.91 $ 15.04 $ 11.07 6.42 6.42 15.74 15.74 15.74 16.91 16.91 16.91 15.04 15.04 15.04 13.19 13.19 13.29 13.29 Dividends per common share $ 18.00 $ 17.00 $ 16.00 $ 14.00 $ 13.00 Balance sheet data: Total assets Real estate, at cost $ 1,481,257 $ 1,632,395 $ 1,451,230 $ 1,447,808 $ 1,418,392 1,027,691 1,037,368 1,033,551 1,029,472 993,927 210,025 Accumulated depreciation and amortization 297,421 283,044 252,737 225,533 Mortgages payable, net of deferred debt issuance costs 1,161,534 1,240,222 1,052,359 1,053,262 1,027,956 Total equity 285,092 343,955 352,845 352,880 348,399 (1) 2018 includes $11,990 from the decrease in the fair value of marketable securities resulting from a new GAAP accounting standard effective January 1, 2018. Previously, changes in the fair value of marketable securities were recognized through “accumulated other comprehensive (loss) income” on our consolidated balance sheets and did not impact our consolidated statements of income. d 24 ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS Overview Alexander’s, Inc. (NYSE: ALX) is a real estate investment trust (“REIT”), incorporated in Delaware, engaged in leasing, managing, developing and redeveloping its properties. All references to “we,” “us,” “our,” “Company” and “Alexander’s” refer to Alexander’s, Inc. and its consolidated subsidiaries. We are managed by, and our properties are leased and developed by, Vornado Realty Trust (“Vornado”) (NYSE: VNO). We have seven properties in the greater New York City metropolitan area. rr We compete with a large number of property owners and developers. Our success depends upon, among other factors, trends of the global, national and local economies, the financial condition and operating results of current and prospective tenants and customers, the availability and cost of capital, construction and renovation costs, taxes, governmental regulations, legislation, population and employment trends, zoning laws, and our ability to lease, sublease or sell our properties, at profitable levels. Our success is also subject to our ability to refinance existing debt on acceptable terms as it comes due. aa y Year Ended December 31, 2018 Financial Results Summary , Net income for the year ended December 31, 2018 was $32,844,000 or $6.42 per diluted share, compared to $80,509,000, or $15.74 per diluted share for the year ended December 31, 2017. Net income for the year ended December 31, 2018 included (i) $23,797,000, or $4.65 per diluted share, of expense for potential additional New York City real property transfer taxes on the 2012 sale of Kings Plaza Regional Shopping Center (“Kings Plaza”) which is being contested and (ii) $11,990,000, or $2.34 per diluted share, from the decrease in the fair value of marketable securities resulting from a new GAAP accounting standard effective January 1, 2018. Previously, changes in the fair value of marketable securities were recognized through “accumulated other comprehensive (loss) income” on our consolidated balance sheets and did not impact our consolidated statements of income. nn Funds from operations (“FFO”) (non-GAAP) for the year ended December 31, 2018 was $77,429,000, or $15.13 per diluted share, compared to $114,908,000, or $22.46 per diluted share for the year ended December 31, 2017. FFO (non-GAAP) for the year ended December 31, 2018 included $23,797,000, or $4.65 per diluted share, of expense for the contested Kings Plaza transfer taxes. y Quarter Ended December 31, 2018 Financial Results Summary Q , Net income for the quarter ended December 31, 2018 was $9,971,000, or $1.95 per diluted share, compared to $17,883,000, or $3.50 per diluted share for the quarter ended December 31, 2017. Net income for the quarter ended December 31, 2018 included $6,429,000, or $1.26 per diluted share, from the decrease in the fair value of marketable securities. FFO (non-GAAP) for the quarter ended December 31, 2018 was $24,158,000, or $4.72 per diluted share, compared to $28,062,000, or $5.49 per diluted share for the quarter ended December 31, 2017. y Square Footage, Occupancy and Leasing Activity g , q g p y As of December 31, 2018, our portfolio was comprised of seven properties aggregating 2,437,000 square feet. As of December 31, 2018, our properties had an occupancy rate of 91.4%. 25 Overview - continued Real Property Transfer Tax Litigation p g y f In 2012, we sold Kings Plaza and paid real property transfer taxes to New York City in connection with the sale. In 2015, the New York City Department of Finance (“NYC DOF”) issued a Notice of Determination to us assessing an additional New York City real property transfer tax amount, including interest, which we are contesting. In 2014, in a case with similar facts, the NYC DOF issued a Notice of Determination to a Vornado joint venture assessing an additional New York City real property transfer tax amount, including interest. In January 2017, a New York City administrative law judge made a determination upholding the Vornado joint venture’s position that such additional real property transfer taxes were not due. On February 16, 2018, the New York City Tax Appeals Tribunal (the “Tribunal”) overturned the January 2017 determination. The Vornado joint venture is appealing the Tribunal’s decision to the Appellate Division of the Supreme Court of the State of New York which is scheduled to be heard in the first half of 2019. In 2018, based on the precedent of the Tribunal’s decision, we recorded an expense for the potential additional real property transfer taxes of $23,797,000 ($15,874,000 of real property transfer tax and $7,923,000 of interest) and paid this amount in order to stop the interest from accruing. Our case is on hold pending the outcome of the Vornado joint venture’s appeal. Tenant Matters On April 4, 2017, Sears closed its 195,000 square foot store at our Rego Park I shopping center ($10,300,000 of annual revenue). On October 15, 2018, Sears filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy relief and rejected its lease. Consequently, we wrote off the remaining balance of the Sears receivable arising from the straight-lining of rent of $2,973,000 during the year ended December 31, 2018. In addition, we accelerated depreciation and amortization of the remaining balance of $312,000 of deferred leasing costs during the year ended December 31, 2018. On September 18, 2017, Toys filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy relief. On June 30, 2018, Toys rejected its 47,000 square foot lease at our Rego Park II shopping center ($2,600,000 of annual revenue) and possession of the space was returned to us. Consequently, we accelerated depreciation and amortization of the remaining balances of $588,000 of tenant improvements and $215,000 of deferred leasing costs during the year ended December 31, 2018. We also wrote off the Toys receivable arising from the straight-lining of rent of $500,000 during the year ended December 31, 2018. On January 10, 2019, Kohl’s announced that it plans to close and sublease its 133,000 square foot store at our Rego Park II shopping center; Kohl’s remains obligated to us under its lease which expires in January 2031. Financingg On October 3, 2018, we extended our mortgage loan on our Paramus property. The $68,000,000 interest-only loan has a fixed rate of 4.72% and matures in October 2021. Previously the loan bore interest at a fixed rate of 2.90%. The tenant pays all of thet interest on this mortgage loan as part of its rent. On December 12, 2018, we completed a $252,544,000 refinancing of our Rego Park II shopping center. The interest-only loan is at LIBOR plus 1.35% (3.87% as of December 31, 2018) and matures in December 2025. The previous loan bore interest at LIBOR plus 1.85% and was scheduled to mature in January 2019. As of December 31, 2018, we hold a $195,708,000 participation in the mortgage loan, earning interest at LIBOR plus 1.35%. The participation in the previous mortgage loan earned interest at LIBOR plus 1.60%. Significant Tenant g f Bloomberg accounted for revenue of $107,356,000, $105,224,000 and $104,590,000 in the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, respectively, representing approximately 46% of our total revenues in each year. No other tenant accounted for more than 10% of our total revenues. If we were to lose Bloomberg as a tenant, or if Bloomberg were to be unable to fulfill its obligations under its lease, it would adversely affect our results of operations and financial condition. In order to assist us in our continuing assessment of Bloomberg’s creditworthiness, we receive certain confidential financial information and metrics from Bloomberg. In addition, we access and evaluate financial information regarding Bloomberg from other private sources, as well as publicly available data. 26 Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates Our financial statements are prepared in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”), which requires us to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting periods. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Set forth below is a summary of our accounting policies that we believe are critical to the preparation of our consolidated financial statements. This summary should be read in conjunction with a more complete discussion of our accounting policies included in Note 2 – Summary of Significant Accounting Policies, to the consolidated financial statements in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. Real Estate Real estate is carried at cost, net of accumulated depreciation and amortization. As of December 31, 2018 and 2017, the carrying amount of our real estate, net of accumulated depreciation and amortization, was $730,270,000 and $754,324,000, respectively. Maintenance and repairs are expensed as incurred. Depreciation requires an estimate by management of the useful life of each property and improvement as well as an allocation of the costs associated with a property to its various components. If we do not allocate these costs appropriately or incorrectly estimate the useful lives of our real estate, depreciation expense may be misstated. We capitalize all property operating expenses directly associated with and attributable to, the development and construction of a project, including interest expense. The capitalization period begins when development activities are underwayaa and ends when it is determined that the asset is substantially complete and ready for its intended use, which is typically evidenced by the receipt of a temporary certificate of occupancy. General and administrative costs are expensed as incurred. Our properties and related intangible assets, including properties to be developed in the future, are individually reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of the assets may not be recoverable. An impairment exists when the carrying amount of an asset exceeds the sum of the undiscounted cash flows expected to result from the use and eventual disposition of the asset. Estimates of future cash flows are based on our current plans, intended holding periods and available market information at the time the analyses are prepared. For our development properties, estimates of future cash flows also include all future expenditures necessary to develop the asset, including interest payments that will be capitalized as part of the cost of the asset. An impairment loss is recognized only if the carrying amount of the asset is not recoverable and is measured based on the excess of the property’s carrying amount over its estimated fair value. If our estimates of future cash flows, anticipated holding periods, or fair values change, based on market conditions or otherwise, our evaluation of impairment charges may be different and such differences could be material to our consolidated financial statements. Estimatesaa of future cash flows are subjective and are based, in part, on assumptions regarding future occupancy, rental rates and capital requirements that could differ materially from actual results. Plans to hold properties over longer periods decrease the likelihood of recording impairment losses. Allowance for Doubtful Accounts We periodically evaluate the collectibility of amounts due from tenants, including the receivable arising from the straight- lining of rents, and maintain an allowance for doubtful accounts ($671,000 and $1,501,000 as of December 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively) for estimated losses resulting from the inability of tenants to make required payments under the lease agreements. We exercise judgment in establishing these allowances and consider payment history and current credit status in developing these estimates. These estimates may differ from actual results, which could be material to our consolidated financial statements. 27 Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates - continued Revenue Recognition Our revenues consist of property rentals and expense reimbursements. We have the following revenue sources and revenue recognition policies: • Base Rent is revenue arising from tenant leases. These rents are recognized over the non-cancelable term of the related leases on a straight-line basis, which includes the effects of rent steps and rent abatements. We commence rental revenue recognition when the tenant takes possession of the leased space and the leased space is substantially ready for its intended use. In addition, in circumstances where we provide a tenant improvement allowance for improvements that are owned by the tenant, we recognize the allowance as a reduction of rental revenue on a straight-line basis over the term of the lease. • • Percentage Rent is revenue arising from retail tenant leases that is contingent upon the sales of tenants exceeding defined thresholds. These rents are recognized only after the contingency has been removed (i.e., when tenant sales thresholds have been achieved). Parking Revenue arising from the rental of parking space at our properties. This income is recognized as the services are provided. • Operating Expense Reimbursements is revenue arising from tenant leases which provide for the recovery of all or a portion of the operating expenses and real estate taxes of our properties. Revenue is recognized in the same period as the related expenses are incurred. • Tenant Services is revenue arising from sub-metered electric, elevator and other services provided to tenants at their request. This revenue is recognized as the services are transferred. Before we recognize revenue, we assess, among other things, its collectibility. If our assessment of the collectibility of revenue changes, the impact on our consolidated financial statements could be material. Income Taxes We operate in a manner intended to enable us to continue to qualify as a REIT under Sections 856 – 860 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”). In order to maintain our qualification as a REIT under the Code, we must distribute at least 90% of our taxable income to stockholders each year. We distribute to our stockholders 100% of our taxable income and therefore, no provision for Federal income taxes is required. If we fail to distribute the required amount of income to our stockholders, or fail to meet other REIT requirements, we may fail to qualify as a REIT, which may result in substantial adverse tax consequences. 28 Results of Operations – Year Ended December 31, 2018 compared to December 31, 2017 y Property Rentals p Property rentals were $152,795,000 in the year ended December 31, 2018, compared to $152,857,000 in the prior year, a decrease of $62,000. This decrease was primarily due to lower revenue from Sears at our Rego Park I property and Toys at our Rego Park II property, partially offset by higher revenue from a new restaurant tenant at our 731 Lexington Avenue property. Expense Reimbursements p Tenant expense reimbursements were $80,030,000 in the year ended December 31, 2018, compared to $77,717,000 in the prior year, an increase of $2,313,000. This increase was primarily due to higher real estate taxes and higher operating expenses. g Operating Expenses p p Operating expenses were $93,775,000 in the year ended December 31, 2018, compared to $85,127,000 in the prior year, an increase of $8,648,000. This increase was primarily due to (i) higher bad debt expense of $4,406,000, (ii) higher real estate taxes of $2,180,000 and (iii) higher operating expenses of $1,664,000. Depreciation and Amortization p Depreciation and amortization was $33,089,000 in the year ended December 31, 2018, compared to $34,925,000 in the prior year, a decrease of $1,836,000. This decrease was primarily due to additional depreciation and amortization of tenant improvements and deferred leasing costs of $2,444,000 related to a tenant lease termination at our 731 Lexington Avenue property in 2017. General and Administrative Expenses p General and administrative expenses were $5,339,000 in the year ended December 31, 2018, compared to $5,252,000 in the prior year, an increase of $87,000. Interest and Other Income, net , Interest and other income, net was $12,546,000 in the year ended December 31, 2018, compared to $6,716,000 in the prior year, an increase of $5,830,000. This increase was primarily due to (i) $4,673,000 of higher interest income from the Rego Park II loan participation entered into in July 2017 and (ii) $3,693,000 of higher interest income due to an increase in average interest rates, partially offset by (iii) $1,600,000 of expense from a litigation settlement and (iv) $760,000 of lower interest income due to lower average investment balances. Interest and Debt Expense p Interest and debt expense was $44,533,000 in the year ended December 31, 2018, compared to $31,474,000 in the prior year, an increase of $13,059,000. This increase was primarily due to (i) $8,482,000 resulting from an increase in average LIBOR, (ii) $2,620,000 resulting from the refinancing of the office portion of 731 Lexington Avenue on June 1, 2017 for $500,000,000 at LIBOR plus 0.90% (previously a $300,000,000 loan at LIBOR plus 0.95%) and (iii) $1,641,000 of higher amortization of debt issuance costs. Change in Fair Value of Marketable Securities g Change in fair value of marketable securities was an expense of $11,990,000 in the year ended December 31, 2018, resulting from Macerich’s closing share prices of $43.28 and $65.68 as of December 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively, on 535,265 shares owned. See Note 5 – Marketable Securities, to our consolidated financial statements in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. Income Taxes Income tax expense was $4,000 in the year ended December 31, 2018, compared to $3,000 in the prior year. Loss from Discontinued Operations p Loss from discontinued operations was $23,797,000 in the year ended December 31, 2018. The loss was due to a payment of potential additional real property transfer taxes from the 2012 sale of Kings Plaza which is being contested. See Note 6 – Discontinued Operations, to our consolidated financial statements in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. 29 Results of Operations – Year Ended December 31, 2017 compared to December 31, 2016 y Property Rentals p Property rentals were $152,857,000 in the year ended December 31, 2017, compared to $151,444,000 in the prior year, an increase of $1,413,000. This increase was primarily due to higher rental income of $3,730,000 from The Alexander apartment tower, which was placed in service in phases beginning July 2015 and leased up to stabilization in September 2016, partially offset by income of $2,257,000 in 2016 resulting from a tenant lease termination at our Rego Park II property. ff Expense Reimbursements p Tenant expense reimbursements were $77,717,000 in the year ended December 31, 2017, compared to $75,492,000 in the prior year, an increase of $2,225,000. This increase was primarily due to higher real estate taxes and higher operating expenses. g Operating Expenses p p Operating expenses were $85,127,000 in the year ended December 31, 2017, compared to $82,232,000 in the prior year, an increase of $2,895,000. This increase was primarily due to (i) higher real estate taxes of $3,267,000 and (ii) higher operating expenses of $903,000, partially offset by (iii) lower marketing costs for The Alexander apartment tower of $1,098,000 and (iv) lower bad debt expense of $504,000. Depreciation and Amortization p Depreciation and amortization was $34,925,000 in the year ended December 31, 2017, compared to $33,807,000 in the prior year, an increase of $1,118,000. This increase was primarily due to additional depreciation and amortization of tenant improvements and deferred leasing costs of $2,444,000 related to a tenant lease termination at our 731 Lexington Avenue property in 2017, partially offset by additional depreciation and amortization of tenant improvements and deferred leasing costs of $1,077,000 in 2016 related to a tenant lease termination at our Rego Park II property. General and Administrative Expenses p General and administrative expenses were $5,252,000 in the year ended December 31, 2017, compared to $5,436,000 in the prior year, a decrease of $184,000. This decrease was primarily due to lower director’s fees and stock-based compensation expense as a result of having one less member on our Board of Directors in 2017. Interest and Other Income, net , Interest and other income, net was $6,716,000 in the year ended December 31, 2017, compared to $3,305,000 in the prior year, an increase of $3,411,000. This increase was primarily due to higher interest income of (i) $2,453,000 from the Rego Park II loan participation, (ii) $1,418,000 from an increase in the average interest rates and (iii) $216,000 from an increase in the average investment balances, partially offset by (iv) lower income of $429,000 in connection with bankruptcy recoveries and (v) income of $367,000 in 2016 from a cost reimbursement settlement with a retail tenant at our 731 Lexington Avenue property. Interest and Debt Expense p Interest and debt expense was $31,474,000 in the year ended December 31, 2017, compared to $22,241,000 in the prior year, an increase of $9,233,000. This increase was primarily due to (i) $5,289,000 resulting from an increase in average LIBOR, (ii) $2,658,000 resulting from the refinancing of the office portion of 731 Lexington Avenue on June 1, 2017 for $500,000,000 at LIBOR plus 0.90% (previously a $300,000,000 loan at LIBOR plus 0.95%) and (iii) $1,188,000 of higher amortization of debt issuance costs. Income Taxes Income tax expense was $3,000 in the year ended December 31, 2017, compared to $48,000 in the prior year. 30 Related Party Transactions Vornado As of December 31, 2018, Vornado owned 32.4% of our outstanding common stock. We are managed by, and our properties are leased and developed by, Vornado, pursuant to various agreements, which expire in March of each year and are automatically renewable. These agreements are described in Note 4 – Related Party Transactions, to our consolidated financial statements in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. Steven Roth is the Chairman of our Board of Directors and Chief Executive Officer, the Managing General Partner of Interstate Properties (“Interstate”), a New Jersey general partnership, and the Chairman of the Board of Trustees and Chief Executive Officer of Vornado. As of December 31, 2018, Mr. Roth, Interstate and its other two general partners, David Mandelbaum and Russell B. Wight, Jr. (who are also directors of the Company and trustees of Vornado) owned, in the aggregate, 26.2% of our outstanding common stock, in addition to the 2.3% they indirectly own through Vornado. Joseph Macnow, our Treasurer, is the Executive Vice President - Chief Financial Officer and Chief Administrative Officer of Vornado. Matthew Iocco, our Chief Financial Officer, is the Executive Vice President - Chief Accounting Officer of Vornado. Toys Our affiliate, Vornado, owned 32.5% of Toys as of December 31, 2018. On February 1, 2019, in connection with the Toys Chapter 11 bankruptcy, the plan of reorganization for Toys was declared effective and Vornado’s ownership in Toys was canceled and Toys’ Board of Directors was dissolved. Joseph Macnow, Vornado’s Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer and Wendy A. Silverstein, a member of our Board of Directors, represented Vornado as members of Toys’ Board of Directors. Also in connection with the Toys Chapter 11 bankruptcy, Toys rejected its 47,000 square foot lease at our Rego Park II shopping center ($2,600,000 of annual revenue) effective June 30, 2018 and possession of the space was returned to us. Consequently, we accelerated depreciation and amortization of the remaining balances of $588,000 of tenant improvements and $215,000 of deferred leasing costs during the year ended December 31, 2018. We also wrote off the Toys receivable arising from the straight-lining of rent of $500,000 during the year ended December 31, 2018. Liquidity and Capital Resources Property rental income is our primary source of cash flow and is dependent on a number of factors including the occupancy level and rental rates of our properties, as well as our tenants’ ability to pay their rents. Our properties provide us with a relatively consistent stream of cash flow that enables us to pay our operating expenses, interest expense, recurring capital expenditures and cash dividends to stockholders. Other sources of liquidity to fund cash requirements include our existing cash, proceeds from financings, including mortgage or construction loans secured by our properties and proceeds from asset sales. We anticipate that cash flows from continuing operations over the next twelve months, together with existing cash balances, will be adequate to fund uu our business operations, cash dividends to stockholders, debt amortization and capital expenditures. a Dividends On January 16, 2019, we set our regular quarterly dividend to $4.50 per share (an indicated annual rate of $18.00 per share). The dividend, when declared by the Board of Directors for all of 2019, will require us to pay out approximately $92,100,000. Financing Activities and Contractual Obligations On June 1, 2017, we completed a $500,000,000 refinancing of the office portion of 731 Lexington Avenue. The interest-only loan is at LIBOR plus 0.90% (3.36% as of December 31, 2018) and matures in June 2020, with four one-year extension options. In connection therewith, we purchased an interest rate cap with a notional amount of $500,000,000 that caps LIBOR at a rate of 6.0%. The property was previously encumbered by a $300,000,000 interest-only mortgage at LIBOR plus 0.95% which was scheduled to mature in March 2021. On October 3, 2018, we extended our mortgage loan on our Paramus property. The $68,000,000 interest-only loan has a fixed rate of 4.72% and matures in October 2021. Previously the loan bore interest at a fixed rate of 2.90%. The tenant pays all of thet interest on this mortgage loan as part of its rent. 31 Liquidity and Capital Resources - continued On December 12, 2018, we completed a $252,544,000 refinancing of our Rego Park II shopping center. The interest-only loan is at LIBOR plus 1.35% (3.87% as of December 31, 2018) and matures in December 2025. The previous loan bore interest at LIBOR plus 1.85% and was scheduled to mature in January 2019. As of December 31, 2018, we hold a $195,708,000 participation in the mortgage loan, earning interest at LIBOR plus 1.35%. The participation in the previous mortgage loan earned interest at LIBOR plus 1.60%. Below is a summary of our outstanding debt and maturities as of December 31, 2018. We may refinance our maturing debt as it comes due or choose to repay it. (Amounts in thousands) Paramus 731 Lexington Avenue, retail space(2) 731 Lexington Avenue, office space(3) Rego Park II shopping center(4) Total Deferred debt issuance costs, net of accumulated amortization of $9,212 Total, net Balance Interest Rate Maturity (1) 4.72% 3.78% 3.36% 3.87% Oct. 2021 Aug. 2022 Jun. 2024 Dec. 2025 $ $ 68,000 350,000 500,000 252,544 1,170,544 (9,010) 1,161,534 (1) Represents the extended maturity where we have the unilateral right to extend. (2) Interest at LIBOR plus 1.40%. (3) Interest at LIBOR plus 0.90%. (4) Interest at LIBOR plus 1.35%. See above for details of our Rego Park II loan participation. Below is a summary of our contractual obligations and commitments as of December 31, 2018. (Amounts in thousands) Contractual obligations (principal and interest)(1): Long-term debt obligations Operating lease obligations Commitments: Standby letters of credit Total Less than One Year One to Three Years Three to Five Years More than Five Years $ $ $ 1,388,931 6,467 1,395,398 1,030 $ $ $ 43,602 800 44,402 1,020 $ $ $ 154,502 1,600 156,102 10 $ $ $ 411,860 1,600 413,460 $ $ 778,967 2,467 781,434 — $ — (1) Interest on variable rate debt is computed using rates in effect as of December 31, 2018. Commitments and Contingencies Insurance We maintain general liability insurance with limits of $300,000,000 per occurrence and per property, and all-risk property and rental value insurance coverage with limits of $1.7 billion per occurrence, including coverage for acts of terrorism, with sub-limits for certain perils such as floods and earthquakes on each of our properties. Fifty Ninth Street Insurance Company, LLC (“FNSIC”), our wholly owned consolidated subsidiary, acts as a direct insurer for coverage for acts of terrorism, including nuclear, biological, chemical and radiological (“NBCR”) acts, as defined by the Terrorism Risk Insurance Program Reauthorization Act, which expires in December 2020. Coverage for acts of terrorism (including NBCR acts) is up to $1.7 billion per occurrence and in the aggregate. Coverage for acts of terrorism (excluding NBCR acts) is fully reinsured by third party insurance companies and the Federal government with no exposure to FNSIC. For NBCR acts, FNSIC is responsible for a $323,000 deductible and 19% of the balance of a covered loss, and the Federal government is responsible for the remaining 81% of a covered loss. We are ultimately responsible for any loss incurred by FNSIC. 32 Liquidity and Capital Resources - continued We continue to monitor the state of the insurance market and the scope and costs of coverage for acts of terrorism or other events. However, we cannot anticipate what coverage will be available on commercially reasonable terms in the future. We are responsible for uninsured losses and for deductibles and losses in excess of our insurance coverage, which could be material. Our mortgage loans are non-recourse to us and contain customary covenants requiring us to maintain insurance. Although we believe that we have adequate insurance coverage for purposes of these agreements, we may not be able to obtain an equivalent amount of coverage at reasonable costs in the future. Further, if lenders insist on greater coverage than we are able to obtain, it could adversely affect our ability to finance or refinance our properties. Rego Park I Litigation g g In June 2014, Sears filed a lawsuit in the Supreme Court of the State of New York against Vornado and us (and certain of our subsidiaries) with regard to space that Sears leased at our Rego Park I property alleging that the defendants are liable for harmaa that Sears has suffered as a result of (a) water intrusions into the premises, (b) two fires in February 2014 that caused damages to those premises, and (c) alleged violations of the Americans with Disabilities Act in the premises’ parking garage. Sears asserted various causes of actions for damages and sought to compel compliance with landlord’s obligations to repair the premises and to provide security, and to compel us to abate a nuisance that Sears claims was a cause of the water intrusions into its premises. In addition to injunctive relief, Sears sought, among other things, damages of not less than $4 million and future damages it estimated would not be less than $25 million. In March 2016, Sears withdrew its claim for future damages leaving a remaining claim for property damages, which we estimate to be approximately $650,000 based on information provided by Sears. We intend to defend the remaining claim vigorously. The amount or range of reasonable possible losses, if any, is not expected to be greater than $650,000. On October 15, 2018, Sears filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy relief resulting in an automatic stay of this case. Paramus In 2001, we leased 30.3 acres of land located in Paramus, New Jersey to IKEA Property, Inc. The lease has a purchase option in 2021 for $75,000,000. The property is encumbered by a $68,000,000 interest-only mortgage loan with a fixed rate of 4.72%, which matures in October 2021. The annual triple-net rent is the sum of $700,000 plus the amount of interest on the mortgage loan. If the purchase option is exercised, we will receive net cash proceeds of approximately $7,000,000 and recognize a gain on sale of land of approximately $60,000,000. If the purchase option is not exercised, the triple-net rent for the last 20 years would include debt service sufficient to fully amortize $68,000,000 over the remaining 20-year lease term. f Letters of Credit Approximately $1,030,000 of standby letters of credit were outstanding as of December 31, 2018. Other We received $165,000, $396,000 and $825,000 from bankruptcy recoveries during the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, respectively, which is included as “interest and other income, net” in our consolidated statements of income. There are various other legal actions against us in the ordinary course of business. In our opinion, the outcome of such matters in the aggregate will not have a material effect on our financial position, results of operations or cash flows. 33 Liquidity and Capital Resources - continued Cash Flows for the Year Ended f December 31, 2018 , Cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash were $289,495,000 at December 31, 2018, compared to $393,279,000 at December 31, 2017, a decrease of $103,784,000. This decrease resulted from (i) $176,185,000 of net cash used in financing activities and (ii) $1,137,000 of net cash used in investing activities, partially offset by (iii) $73,538,000 of net cash provided by operating activities. Net cash used in financing activities of $176,185,000 was primarily comprised of net debt repayments of $81,896,000 (primarily the refinancing and subsequent repayment of the mortgage loan on our Rego Park I shopping center) and dividends paid of $92,100,000. Net cash used in investing activities of $1,137,000 was comprised of construction in progress and real estate additions of $3,966,000, partially offset by repayment of Rego Park II loan participation of $2,829,000. Net cash provided by operating activities of $73,538,000 was comprised of (i) net income of $32,844,000 and (ii) adjustments for non-cash items of $56,807,000, partially offset by (iii) the net change in operating assets and liabilities of $16,113,000. The adjustments for non-cash items were comprised of (i) depreciation and amortization (including amortization of debt issuance costs) of $38,499,000, (ii) the change in fair value of marketable securities of $11,990,000, (iii) straight-lining of rental income of $5,924,000 and (iv) stock-based compensation expense of $394,000. Cash Flows for the Year Ended f December 31, 2017 , Cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash were $393,279,000 at December 31, 2017, compared to $374,678,000 at December 31, 2016, an increase of $18,601,000. This increase resulted from (i) $123,426,000 of net cash provided by operating activities and (ii) $97,146,000 of net cash provided by financing activities, partially offset by (iii) $201,971,000 of net cash used in investing activities. Net cash provided by operating activities of $123,426,000 was comprised of (i) net income of $80,509,000 and (ii) adjustments for non-cash items of $43,372,000, partially offset by (iii) the net change in operating assets and liabilities of $455,000. The adjustments for non-cash items were comprised of (i) depreciation and amortization (including amortization of debt issuance costs) of $38,681,000, (ii) straight-lining of rental income of $4,297,000 and (iii) stock-based compensation expense of $394,000. Net cash provided by financing activities of $97,146,000 was primarily comprised of (i) $500,000,000 of proceeds from the refinancing of the office portion of 731 Lexington Avenue, partially offset by (ii) debt repayments of $303,707,000 (primarily the repayment of the former loan on the office portion of 731 Lexington Avenue) and (iii) dividends paid of $86,961,000. Net cash used in investing activities of $201,971,000 was comprised of (i) Rego Park II loan participation of $200,000,000 and (ii) construction in progress and real estate additions of $3,434,000, partially offset by (iii) principal repayment proceeds from the Rego Park II loan participation of $1,463,000. Cash Flows for the Year Ended f December 31, 2016 , Cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash were $374,678,000 at December 31, 2016, compared to $344,656,000 at December 31, 2015, an increase of $30,022,000. This increase resulted from (i) $130,820,000 of net cash provided by operating activities, partially offset by (ii) $85,292,000 of net cash used in financing activities and (iii) $15,506,000 of net cash used in investing activities. Net cash provided by operating activities of $130,820,000 was comprised of (i) net income of $86,477,000, (ii) adjustments for non-cash items of $39,171,000, and (iii) the net change in operating assets and liabilities of $5,172,000. The adjustments for non-cash items were comprised of (i) depreciation and amortization (including amortization of debt issuance costs) of $36,374,000, (ii) straight-lining of rental income of $2,347,000 and (iii) stock-based compensation expense of $450,000. Net cash used in financing activities of $85,292,000 was primarily comprised of dividends paid of $81,822,000. Net cash used in investing activities of $15,506,000 was comprised of construction in progress and real estate additions of $15,506,000 (primarily related to The Alexander apartment tower), including the payment of a development fee to Vornado of $5,784,000. 34 Funds from Operations (“FFO”) (non-GAAP) FFO is computed in accordance with the December 2018 restated definition adopted by the Board of Governors of NAREIT. NAREIT defines FFO as GAAP net income or loss adjusted to exclude net gains from sales of depreciable real estate assets, real estate impairment losses, depreciation and amortization expense from real estate assets and other specified items, including the pro rata share of such adjustments of unconsolidated subsidiaries. FFO and FFO per diluted share are used by management, investors and analysts to facilitate meaningful comparisons of operating performance between periods and among our peers because it excludes the effect of real estate depreciation and amortization and net gains on sales, which are based on historical costs and implicitly assume that the value of real estate diminishes predictably over time, rather than fluctuating based on existing market conditions. FFO does not represent cash generated from operating activities and is not necessarily indicative of cash available to fund cash requirements and should not be considered as an alternative to net income as a performance measure or cash flow as a liquidity measure. FFO may not be comparable to similarly titled measures employed by other companies. A reconciliation of our net income to FFO is provided below. rr In accordance with the NAREIT December 2018 restated definition of FFO, we have elected to exclude the mark-to-market adjustments of marketable securities from the calculation of FFO. Our FFO for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 has been adjusted to exclude the $5,561,000, or $1.08 per diluted share, from the decrease in fair value of marketable securities previously reported. Net income for the year and quarter ended December 31, 2018 included $11,990,000, or $2.34 per diluted share, and $6,429,000, or $1.26 per diluted share, respectively, from the decrease in fair value of marketable securities. FFO (non-GAAP) for the years and quarters ended December 31, 2018 and 2017 ) f q y ( , FFO (non-GAAP) for the year ended December 31, 2018 was $77,429,000, or $15.13 per diluted share, compared to $114,908,000, or $22.46 per diluted share for the year ended December 31, 2017. FFO (non-GAAP) for the year ended December 31, 2018 included $23,797,000, or $4.65 per diluted share, of expense for the potential additional New York City real property transfer taxes on the 2012 sale of Kings Plaza which is being contested. FFO (non-GAAP) for the quarter ended December 31, 2018 was $24,158,000, or $4.72 per diluted share, compared to $28,062,000, or $5.49 per diluted share for the quarter ended December 31, 2017. The following table reconciles our net income to FFO (non-GAAP): (Amounts in thousands, except share and per share amounts) Net income Depreciation and amortization of real property Change in fair value of marketable securities FFO (non-GAAP) FFO per diluted share (non-GAAP) For the Year Ended December 31, For the Three Months Ended December 31, 2018 2017 2018 2017 32,844 32,595 11,990 77,429 15.13 $ $ $ 80,509 34,399 — 114,908 22.46 $ $ $ 9,971 7,758 6,429 24,158 4.72 $ $ $ 17,883 10,179 — 28,062 5.49 $ $ $ Weighted average shares used in computing FFO per diluted share 5,116,838 5,115,501 5,117,347 5,115,982 35 ITEM 7A. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK We have exposure to fluctuations in interest rates, which are sensitive to many factors that are beyond our control. Our exposure to a change in interest rates is summarized in the table below. (Amounts in thousands, except per share amounts) Variable rate Fixed rate 2018 2017 Weighted Average Interest Rate Effect of 1% Change in Base Rates December 31, Balance Weighted Average Interest Rate 3.61% 4.72% 3.67% $ $ 11,025 — 11,025 $ $ 1,106,194 146,246 1,252,440 2.75% 1.54% 2.61% December 31, Balance $ $ 1,102,544 68,000 1,170,544 Total effect on diluted earnings per share $ 2.15 As of December 31, 2018 we had an interest rate cap with a notional amount of $500,000,000 that caps LIBOR at a rate of 6.0%. Fair Value of Debt f The fair value of our consolidated debt is calculated by discounting the future contractual cash flows of these instruments using current risk-adjusted rates available to borrowers with similar credit ratings, which are provided by a third-party specialist. As of December 31, 2018 and 2017, the estimated fair value of our consolidated debt was $1,165,000,000 and $1,239,000,000, respectively. Our fair value estimates, which are made at the end of the reporting period, may be different from the amounts that may ultimately be realized upon the disposition of our financial instruments. t 36 ITEM 8. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA Index to Consolidated Financial Statements Page Number Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm Consolidated Balance Sheets as of December 31, 2018 and 2017 Consolidated Statements of Income for the Years Ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016 Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income for the Years Ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016 Consolidated Statements of Changes in Equity for the Years Ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016 Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the Years Ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016 Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 37 REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM To the Stockholders and the Board of Directors of Alexander’s, Inc. Paramus, New Jersey Opinion on the Financial Statements We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Alexander’s, Inc. and subsidiaries (the “Company”) as of December 31, 2018 and 2017, the related consolidated statements of income, comprehensive income, changes in equity, and cash flows, for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2018, and the related notes and the schedules listed in the Index at Item 15 (collectively referred to as the “financial statements”). In our opinion, the financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of December 31, 2018 and 2017, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2018, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. We have also audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB), the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2018, based on criteria established in Internal Control - Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission and our report dated February 11, 2019, expressed an unqualified opinion on the Company’s internal control over financial reporting. Basis for Opinion These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s financial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the PCAOB and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB. We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the financial statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion. /s/ DELOITTE & TOUCHE LLP Parsippany, New Jersey February 11, 2019 We have served as the Company’s auditor since 1969. 38 ALEXANDER’S, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS (Amounts in thousands, except share and per share amounts) ASSETS December 31, 2018 2017 Real estate, at cost: Land Buildings and leasehold improvements Development and construction in progress Total Accumulated depreciation and amortization Real estate, net Cash and cash equivalents Restricted cash Rego Park II loan participation Marketable securities Tenant and other receivables, net of allowance for doubtful accounts of $671 and $1,501, respectively Receivable arising from the straight-lining of rents Deferred lease and other property costs, net, including unamortized leasing fees to Vornado of $31,039 and $35,152, respectively Other assets LIABILITIES AND EQUITY Mortgages payable, net of deferred debt issuance costs Amounts due to Vornado Accounts payable and accrued expenses Other liabilities Total liabilities Commitments and contingencies Preferred stock: $1.00 par value per share; authorized, 3,000,000 shares; issued and outstanding, none Common stock: $1.00 par value per share; authorized, 10,000,000 shares; issued, 5,173,450 shares; outstanding, 5,107,290 shares Additional capital Retained earnings Accumulated other comprehensive (loss) income Treasury stock: 66,160 shares, at cost Total equity $ 44,971 $ 978,474 4,246 1,027,691 (297,421) 730,270 283,056 6,439 195,708 23,166 4,075 168,789 40,669 29,085 44,971 988,846 3,551 1,037,368 (283,044) 754,324 307,536 85,743 198,537 35,156 2,693 174,713 45,790 27,903 $ $ 1,481,257 $ 1,632,395 1,161,534 $ 1,240,222 708 30,889 3,034 2,490 42,827 2,901 1,196,165 1,288,440 — — 5,173 31,971 248,443 (127) 285,460 (368) 285,092 5,173 31,577 302,543 5,030 344,323 (368) 343,955 $ 1,481,257 $ 1,632,395 See notes to consolidated financial statements. 39 ALEXANDER’S, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME (Amounts in thousands, except share and per share amounts) REVENUES Property rentals Expense reimbursements Total revenues EXPENSES Operating, including fees to Vornado of $4,700, $4,671 and $4,590, respectively Depreciation and amortization General and administrative, including management fees to Vornado of $2,380 in each year Total expenses Year Ended December 31, 2018 2017 2016 $ 152,795 $ 152,857 $ 80,030 232,825 93,775 33,089 5,339 132,203 77,717 230,574 85,127 34,925 5,252 125,304 151,444 75,492 226,936 82,232 33,807 5,436 121,475 OPERATING INCOME 100,622 105,270 105,461 Interest and other income, net Interest and debt expense Change in fair value of marketable securities (see Note 5) Income before income taxes Income tax expense Income from continuing operations Loss from discontinued operations (see Note 6) Net income Income per common share - basic and diluted: Income from continuing operations Loss from discontinued operations (see Note 6) Net income per common share 12,546 (44,533) (11,990) 56,645 (4) 56,641 (23,797) 6,716 (31,474) — 80,512 (3) 80,509 — 32,844 $ 80,509 $ 3,305 (22,241) — 86,525 (48) 86,477 — 86,477 11.07 (4.65) 6.42 $ $ 15.74 — 15.74 $ $ 16.91 — 16.91 $ $ $ Weighted average shares outstanding- basic and diluted 5,116,838 5,115,501 5,114,084 See notes to consolidated financial statements. 40 ALEXANDER’S, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (Amounts in thousands) Net income Other comprehensive (loss) income: Change in fair value of marketable securities (see Note 5) Change in value of interest rate cap Comprehensive income Year Ended December 31, 2018 2017 2016 32,844 $ 80,509 $ 86,477 — (1) (2,762) (70) 32,843 $ 77,677 $ (5,273) 133 81,337 $ $ See notes to consolidated financial statements. 41 ALEXANDER’S, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN EQUITY (Amounts in thousands) Balance, December 31, 2015 5,173 $ 5,173 $ 30,739 $ 304,340 $ 13,002 $ (374) $ 352,880 Common Stock Shares Amount Additional Capital Retained Earnings Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) Treasury Stock Total Equity Net income Dividends paid Change in fair value of marketable securities Change in fair value of interest rate cap Deferred stock unit grants Balance, December 31, 2016 Net income Dividends paid Change in fair value of marketable securities Change in fair value of interest rate cap Deferred stock unit grants Other — — — — — — — — — — 5,173 5,173 — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 450 31,189 — — — — 394 (6) Balance, December 31, 2017 5,173 5,173 31,577 Net income Dividends paid Cumulative effect of change in accounting principle (see Note 2) Change in fair value of interest rate cap Deferred stock unit grants Balance, December 31, 2018 — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 394 86,477 (81,822) — — — 308,995 80,509 (86,961) — — — — 302,543 32,844 (92,100) 5,156 — — — — (5,273) 133 — 7,862 — — (2,762) (70) — — — — — — — 86,477 (81,822) (5,273) 133 450 (374) 352,845 — — — — 6 80,509 (86,961) (2,762) (70) 394 — 5,030 (368) 343,955 — — (5,156) (1) — — — — — — 32,844 (92,100) — (1) 394 5,173 $ 5,173 $ 31,971 $ 248,443 $ (127) $ (368) $ 285,092 See notes to consolidated financial statements. 42 ALEXANDER’S, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS (Amounts in thousands) Year Ended December 31, 2017 2016 2018 CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES Net income Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities: Depreciation and amortization, including amortization of debt issuance costs Straight-lining of rental income Stock-based compensation expense Change in fair value of marketable securities (see Note 5) Change in operating assets and liabilities: Tenant and other receivables, net Other assets Amounts due to Vornado Accounts payable and accrued expenses Other liabilities Net cash provided by operating activities CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES Construction in progress and real estate additions Rego Park II loan participation Repayment of Rego Park II loan participation Net cash used in investing activities CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES Debt repayments Proceeds from borrowing Dividends paid Debt issuance costs Net cash (used in) provided by financing activities Net (decrease) increase in cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash Cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash at beginning of year Cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash at end of year RECONCILIATION OF CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS AND RESTRICTED CASH Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of year Restricted cash at beginning of year Cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash at beginning of year Cash and cash equivalents at end of year Restricted cash at end of year Cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash at end of year SUPPLEMENTAL DISCLOSURE OF CASH FLOW INFORMATION Cash payments for interest NON-CASH TRANSACTIONS Write-off of fully amortized and/or depreciated assets Liability for real estate additions, including $125, $21 and $54 for development fees due to $ 32,844 $ 80,509 $ 86,477 38,499 5,924 394 11,990 (1,382) (1,197) (1,907) (11,760) 133 73,538 38,681 4,297 394 — 363 (2,627) 1,626 211 (28) 123,426 (3,966) — 2,829 (1,137) (3,434) (200,000) 1,463 (201,971) (160,142) 78,246 (92,100) (2,189) (176,185) (103,784) 393,279 289,495 307,536 85,743 393,279 283,056 6,439 289,495 $ $ $ $ $ (303,707) 500,000 (86,961) (12,186) 97,146 18,601 374,678 393,279 288,926 85,752 374,678 307,536 85,743 393,279 $ $ $ $ $ 36,374 2,347 450 — 958 (9,894) (1,913) 16,049 (28) 130,820 (15,506) — — (15,506) (3,440) — (81,822) (30) (85,292) 30,022 344,656 374,678 259,349 85,307 344,656 288,926 85,752 374,678 38,231 $ 26,994 $ 19,517 16,090 $ 4,265 $ 1,691 $ $ $ $ $ $ $ Vornado in 2018, 2017 and 2016, respectively 631 705 322 See notes to consolidated financial statements. 43 ALEXANDER’S, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 1. ORGANIZATION Alexander’s, Inc. (NYSE: ALX) is a real estate investment trust (“REIT”), incorporated in Delaware, engaged in leasing, managing, developing and redeveloping its properties. All references to “we,” “us,” “our,” “Company” and “Alexander’s” refer to Alexander’s, Inc. and its consolidated subsidiaries. We are managed by, and our properties are leased and developed by, Vornado Realty Trust (“Vornado”) (NYSE: VNO). rr We have seven properties in the greater New York City metropolitan area consisting of: Operating properties g p p p • 731 Lexington Avenue, a 1,311,000 square foot multi-use building, comprising the entire block bounded by Lexington Avenue, East 59th Street, Third Avenue and East 58th Street in Manhattan. The building contains 889,000 and 174,000 of net rentable square feet of office and retail space, respectively, which we own, and 248,000 square feet of residential space consisting of 105 condominium units, which we sold. Bloomberg L.P. (“Bloomberg”) occupies all of the office space. The Home Depot (83,000 square feet), The Container Store (34,000 square feet) and Hennes & Mauritz (27,000 square feet) are the principal retail tenants; • Rego Park I, a 343,000 square foot shopping center, located on Queens Boulevard and 63rd Road in Queens. On April 4, 2017, Sears closed its 195,000 square foot anchor store at the property ($10,300,000 of annual revenue). On October 15, 2018, Sears filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy relief and rejected its lease. The center is also anchored by a 50,000 square foot Burlington, a 46,000 square foot Bed Bath & Beyond and a 36,000 square foot Marshalls; d • Rego Park II, a 609,000 square foot shopping center, adjacent to the Rego Park I shopping center in Queens. The center is anchored by a 145,000 square foot Costco, a 135,000 square foot Century 21 and a 133,000 square foot Kohl’s. On January 10, 2019, Kohl’s announced that it plans to close and sublease its store at the property; Kohl’s remains obligated to us under its lease which expires in January 2031. On September 18, 2017, Toys “R” Us, Inc. (“Toys”), a one-third owned affiliate of Vornado as of December 31, 2018, filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy relief. On June 30, 2018, Toys rejected its 47,000 square foot lease at the property ($2,600,000 of annual revenue) and possession of the space was returned to us; • The Alexander apartment tower, located above our Rego Park II shopping center, contains 312 units aggregating 255,000 square feet; • • Paramus, located at the intersection of Routes 4 and 17 in Paramus, New Jersey, consists of 30.3 acres of land that is leased to IKEA Property, Inc.; and Flushing, a 167,000 square foot building, located on Roosevelt Avenue and Main Street in Queens, that is sub-leased to New World Mall LLC for the remainder of our ground lease term. Property to be developed p y p • Rego Park III, a 140,000 square foot land parcel adjacent to the Rego Park II shopping center in Queens, at the intersection of Junction Boulevard and the Horace Harding Service Road. We have determined that our properties have similar economic characteristics and meet the criteria that permit the properties to be aggregated into one reportable segment (the leasing, management, development and redeveloping of properties in the greater New York City metropolitan area). Our chief operating decision-maker assesses and measures segment operating results based on a performance measure referred to as net operating income at the individual operating segment. Net operating income for each property represents net rental revenues less operating expenses. 44 ALEXANDER’S, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED) 2. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES Basis of Presentation – The accompanying consolidated financial statements include our accounts and those of our consolidated subsidiaries. All intercompany amounts have been eliminated. Our financial statements are prepared in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”), which requires us to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting periods. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Certain prior year balances have been reclassified in order to conform to the current year presentation. t Recently Issued Accounting Literature – In May 2014, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued an update (“ASU 2014-09”) establishing Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) Topic 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (“ASC 606”). ASU 2014-09, as amended by subsequent ASUs on the topic, establishes a single comprehensive model for entities to use in accounting for revenue arising from contracts with customers and supersedes most of the existing revenue recognition guidance. This standard, which is effective for interim and annual reporting periods in fiscal years that begin after December 15, 2017, requires an entity to recognize revenue to depict the transfer of promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the entity expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services and also requires certain additional disclosures. We adopted this standard effective January 1, 2018 using the modified retrospective approach, which allows us to apply the new standard to all existing contracts not yet completed as of the effective date and record a cumulative-effect adjustment to retained earnings as of the beginning of the fiscal year of adoption. The adoption of this standard did not have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements. In January 2016, the FASB issued an update (“ASU 2016-01”) Recognition and Measurement of Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities to ASC Topic 825, Financial Instruments (“ASC 825”). ASU 2016-01 amends certain aspects of recognition, measurement, presentation and disclosure of financial instruments. ASU 2016-01 is effective for interim and annual reporting periods in fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2017. We adopted this update effective January 1, 2018 using the modified retrospective approach. While the adoption of this update requires us to continue to measure “marketable securities” at fair value at each reporting date, the changes in fair value will be recognized in current period earnings as opposed to “other comprehensive (loss) income.” As a result, on January 1, 2018 we recorded an increase to retained earnings of $5,156,000 to recognize the unrealized gains previously recorded within “accumulated other comprehensive (loss) income.” For the year ended December 31, 2018 we recorded a decrease in the fair value of our marketable securities of $11,990,000, resulting from The Macerich Company’s (“Macerich”) closing share price of $43.28 as of December 31, 2018, compared to $65.68 as of December 31, 2017. In February 2016, the FASB issued an update (“ASU 2016-02”) establishing ASC Topic 842, Leases (“ASC 842”), as amended by subsequent ASUs on the topic, which sets out the principles for the recognition, measurement, presentation and disclosure of leases for both lessees and lessors. ASU 2016-02 requires lessees to apply a two-method approach, classifying leases as either finance or operating leases based on the principle of whether or not the lease is effectively a financed purchase. Lessees are required to record a right-of-use asset and a lease liability for all leases with a term greater than 12 months. Leases with a term of 12 months or less will be accounted for similar to existing guidance for operating leases. Lessees will recognize expense based on the effective interest method for finance leases or on a straight-line basis for operating leases. The accounting applied by the lessor is largely unchanged from that applied under the existing lease standard. We adopted this standard effective January 1, 2019. We completed our evaluation of the overall impact of the adoption of ASU 2016-02 on our consolidated financial statements and accounting policies. In transitioning to ASC 842, we elected to use the practical expedient package available to us and did not elect to use hindsight. For our Flushing property ground lease, which is classified as an operating lease, we will be required to record a right- of-use asset and lease liability equal to the present value of the remaining minimum lease payments, and will continue to recognize expense on a straight-line basis upon adoption of this standard. On January 1, 2019, we recorded the Flushing right-of-use asset and corresponding lease liability of approximately $5,400,000 as a result of the adoption of this standard. aa ff In February 2017, the FASB issued an update (“ASU 2017-05”) Clarifying the Scope of Asset Derecognition Guidance and Accounting for Partial Sales of Nonfinancial Assets to ASC Subtopic 610-20, Other Income - Gains and Losses from the Derecognition of Nonfinancial Assets. ASU 2017-05 clarifies the scope of recently established guidance on nonfinancial asset derecognition, as well as the accounting for partial sales of nonfinancial assets. This update conforms the derecognition guidance on nonfinancial assets with the model for transactions in ASC 606. ASU 2017-05 is effective for interim and annual reporting periods in fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2017. We adopted this update effective January 1, 2018 using the modified retrospective approach to all contracts not yet completed. The adoption of this update did not have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements. aa 45 ALEXANDER’S, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED) 2. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES - continued In August 2017, the FASB issued an update (“ASU 2017-12”) Targeted Improvements to Accounting for Hedging Activities to ASC Topic 815, Derivatives and Hedging (“ASC 815”). ASU 2017-12 amends the hedge accounting recognition and presentation requirements in ASC 815. The update is intended to more closely align hedge accounting with companies’ risk management strategies, simplify the application of hedge accounting and increase transparency as to the scope and results of hedge programs. The update ASU 2017-12 is effective for interim and annual reporting periods in fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, with early adoption permitted. We elected to early adopt ASU 2017-12 effective January 1, 2018 using the modified retrospective approach. The adoption of this update did not have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements. g In August 2018, the FASB issued an update (“ASU 2018-13”) Disclosure Framework - Changes to the Disclosure Requirements for Fair Value Measurement to ASC Topic 820, Fair Value Measurement (“ASC 820”). ASU 2018-13 modifies the disclosure requirements for fair value measurements by removing, modifying, and/or adding certain disclosures. ASU 2018-13 is effective for interim and annual reporting periods in fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019. An entity is permitted to early adopt by modifying existing disclosures and delay adoption of the additional disclosures until the effective date. The adoption of this update is not expected to have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements and disclosures. t t In October 2018, the FASB issued an update (“ASU 2018-16”) Inclusion of the Secured Overnight Financing Rate (SOFR) Overnight Index Swap (OIS) Rate as a Benchmark Interest Rate for Hedge Accounting Purposes to ASC 815. ASU 2018-16 expands the list of U.S. benchmark interest rates permitted in the application of hedge accounting by adding the OIS rate based on SOFR as an eligible benchmark interest rate. ASU 2018-16 is effective for interim and annual reporting periods in fiscal years aa beginning after December 15, 2018, with early adoption permitted. We adopted this update effective January 1, 2019. The adoption of this update did not have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements. Real Estate – Real estate is carried at cost, net of accumulated depreciation and amortization. As of December 31, 2018 and 2017, the carrying amount of our real estate, net of accumulated depreciation and amortization, was $730,270,000 and $754,324,000, respectively. Maintenance and repairs are expensed as incurred. Depreciation requires an estimate by management of the useful life of each property and improvement as well as an allocation of the costs associated with a property to its various components. We capitalize all property operating expenses directly associated with and attributable to, the development and construction of a project, including interest expense. The capitalization period begins when development activities are underway and ends when it is determined that the asset is substantially complete and ready for its intended use, which is typically evidenced by the receipt of a temporary certificate of occupancy. General and administrative costs are expensed as incurred. f Our properties and related intangible assets, including properties to be developed in the future, are individually reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of the assets may not be recoverable. An impairment exists when the carrying amount of an asset exceeds the sum of the undiscounted cash flows expected to result from the use and eventual disposition of the asset. Estimates of future cash flows are based on our current plans, intended holding periods and available market information at the time the analyses are prepared. For our development properties, estimates of future cash flows also include all future expenditures necessary to develop the asset, including interest payments that will be capitalized as part of the cost of the asset. An impairment loss is recognized only if the carrying amount of the asset is not recoverable and is measured based on the excess of the property’s carrying amount over its estimated fair value. If our estimates of future cash flows, anticipated holding periods, or fair values change, based on market conditions or otherwise, our evaluation of impairment charges may be different and such differences could be material to our consolidated financial statements. Estimatesaa of future cash flows are subjective and are based, in part, on assumptions regarding future occupancy, rental rates and capital requirements that could differ materially from actual results. Plans to hold properties over longer periods decrease the likelihood of recording impairment losses. 46 ALEXANDER’S, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED) 2. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES - continued Cash and Cash Equivalents – Cash and cash equivalents consist of highly liquid investments with original maturities of three months or less and are carried at cost, which approximates fair value, due to their short-term maturities. The majority of our cash and cash equivalents consist of (i) deposits at major commercial banks, which may at times exceed the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation limit, (ii) United States Treasury Bills, (iii) money market funds, which invest in United States Treasury Bills and (iv) certificates of deposit placed through an account registry service (“CDARS”). To date we have not experienced any losses on our invested cash. r Restricted Cash – Restricted cash primarily consists of security deposits and other cash escrowed under loan agreements for debt service, real estate taxes, property insurance and capital improvements. Prior to repayment in June 2018, restricted cash also consisted of cash held in a non-interest bearing escrow account in connection with our Rego Park I 100% cash collateralized mortgage. Marketable Securities – Our marketable securities consist of common shares of Macerich (NYSE: MAC), which are classified as available-for-sale. Available-for-sale securities are presented at fair value on our consolidated balance sheets. Prior to January 1, 2018, unrealized gains and losses resulting from the mark-to-market of these securities were included in “other comprehensive (loss) income.” Effective January 1, 2018, changes in the fair value of these securities are recognized in current period earnings in accordance with ASC 825 (see Note 5). Allowance for Doubtful Accounts – We periodically evaluate the collectibility of amounts due from tenants, including the receivable arising from the straight-lining of rents, and maintain an allowance for doubtful accounts ($671,000 and $1,501,000 as of December 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively) for estimated losses resulting from the inability of tenants to make required payments under the lease agreements. We exercise judgment in establishing these allowances and consider payment history and current credit status in developing these estimates. Deferred Charges – Direct financing costs are deferred and amortized over the terms of the related agreements as a component of interest and debt expense. Direct costs related to leasing activities are capitalized and amortized on a straight-line basis over the lives of the related leases. All other deferred charges are amortized on a straight-line basis, which approximates the effective interest rate method, in accordance with the terms of the agreements to which they relate. ff Income Taxes – We operate in a manner intended to enable us to continue to qualify as a REIT under Sections 856 – 860 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”). In order to maintain our qualification as a REIT under the Code, we must distribute at least 90% of our taxable income to stockholders each year. We distribute to our stockholders 100% of our taxable income and therefore, no provision for Federal income taxes is required. Dividends distributed for the year ended December 31, 2018 were characterized, for federal income tax purposes, as 100.0% ordinary income. Dividends distributed for the year ended December 31, 2017 were characterized, for federal income tax purposes, as 99.5% ordinary income and 0.5% long-term capital gain income. Dividends distributed for the year ended December 31, 2016 were categorized, for federal income tax purposes, as 97.7% ordinary income and 2.3% long-term capital gain income. The following table reconciles our net income to estimated taxable income for the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016. (Unaudited and in thousands) Net income Straight-line rent adjustments Depreciation and amortization timing differences Change in fair value of marketable securities (see Note 5) Loss from discontinued operations (see Note 6) Other Estimated taxable income Year Ended December 31, 2018 2017 2016 $ 32,844 $ 80,509 $ 5,870 (6,586) 11,990 23,797 440 4,250 3,084 — — (343) $ 68,355 $ 87,500 $ 86,477 2,347 (14,534) — — 2,975 77,265 As of December 31, 2018, the net basis of our assets and liabilities for tax purposes is approximately $186,559,000 lower than the amount reported for financial statement purposes. 47 ALEXANDER’S, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED) 3. REVENUE RECOGNITION Our revenues consist of property rentals and expense reimbursements. We have the following revenue sources and revenue recognition policies: • Base Rent is revenue arising from tenant leases. These rents are recognized over the non-cancelable term of the related leases on a straight-line basis, which includes the effects of rent steps and rent abatements. We commence rental revenue recognition when the tenant takes possession of the leased space and the leased space is substantially ready for its intended use. In addition, in circumstances where we provide a tenant improvement allowance for improvements that are owned by the tenant, we recognize the allowance as a reduction of rental revenue on a straight-line basis over the term of the lease. • • Percentage Rent is revenue arising from retail tenant leases that is contingent upon the sales of tenants exceeding defined thresholds. These rents are recognized only after the contingency has been removed (i.e., when tenant sales thresholds have been achieved). Parking Revenue arising from the rental of parking spaces at our properties. This income is recognized as the services are provided. • Operating Expense Reimbursements is revenue arising from tenant leases which provide for the recovery of all or a portion of the operating expenses and real estate taxes of our properties. Revenue is recognized in the same period as the related expenses are incurred. • Tenant Services is revenue arising from sub-metered electric, elevator and other services provided to tenants at their request. This revenue is recognized as the services are transferred. Parking revenue and tenant services income represent revenue recognized from contracts with customers and are recognized in accordance with ASC 606. Base rent, percentage rent and operating expense reimbursements are recognized in accordance with ASC Topic 840, Leases. The following is a summary of revenue sources for the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016. For the Year Ended December 31, 2016 2017 2018 145,293 146,833 146,881 182 174 234 5,969 5,850 5,680 151,444 152,857 152,795 $ $ 76,273 3,757 80,030 232,825 $ 73,757 3,960 77,717 230,574 $ 71,699 3,793 75,492 226,936 (Amounts in thousands) Base rent Percentage rent Parking revenue Property rentals Operating expense reimbursements Tenant services Expense reimbursements Total revenues $ $ 48 ALEXANDER’S, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED) 4. RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS Vornado As of December 31, 2018, Vornado owned 32.4% of our outstanding common stock. We are managed by, and our properties are leased and developed by, Vornado, pursuant to the agreements described below, which expire in March of each year and are automatically renewable. Steven Roth is the Chairman of our Board of Directors and Chief Executive Officer, the Managing General Partner of Interstate Properties (“Interstate”), a New Jersey general partnership, and the Chairman of the Board of Trustees and Chief Executive Officer of Vornado. As of December 31, 2018, Mr. Roth, Interstate and its other two general partners, David Mandelbaum and Russell B. Wight, Jr. (who are also directors of the Company and trustees of Vornado) owned, in the aggregate, 26.2% of our outstanding common stock, in addition to the 2.3% they indirectly own through Vornado. Joseph Macnow, our Treasurer, is the Executive Vice President - Chief Financial Officer and Chief Administrative Officer of Vornado. Matthew Iocco, our Chief Financial Officer, is the Executive Vice President - Chief Accounting Officer of Vornado. Management and Development Agreements g p g We pay Vornado an annual management fee equal to the sum of (i) $2,800,000, (ii) 2% of gross revenue from the Rego Park II shopping center, (iii) $0.50 per square foot of the tenant-occupied office and retail space at 731 Lexington Avenue, and (iv) $315,000, escalating at 3% per annum, for managing the common area of 731 Lexington Avenue. Vornado is also entitled to a development fee equal to 6% of development costs, as defined. Leasing and Other Agreements g g Vornado also provides us with leasing services for a fee of 3% of rent for the first ten years of a lease term, 2% of rent for the eleventh through the twentieth year of a lease term, and 1% of rent for the twenty-first through thirtieth year of a lease term, subject to the payment of rents by tenants. In the event third-party real estate brokers are used, the fees to Vornado increase by 1% and Vornado is responsible for the fees to the third-party real estate brokers. Vornado is also entitled to a commission upon the sale of any of our assets equal to 3% of gross proceeds, as defined, for asset sales less than $50,000,000 and 1% of gross proceeds, as defined, for asset sales of $50,000,000 or more. We also have agreements with Building Maintenance Services, a wholly owned subsidiary of Vornado, to supervise (i) cleaning, engineering and security services at our Lexington Avenue property and (ii) security services at our Rego Park I and Rego Park II properties and The Alexander apartment tower. The following is a summary of fees to Vornado under the various agreements discussed above. (Amounts in thousands) Company management fees Development fees Leasing fees Property management, cleaning, engineering and security fees Year Ended December 31, 2017 2018 2016 $ $ 2,800 $ 2,800 $ 125 13 29 1,829 4,101 7,039 $ 4,114 8,772 $ 2,800 194 7,401 4,033 14,428 As of December 31, 2018, the amounts due to Vornado were $549,000 for management, property management, cleaning, engineering and security fees; $146,000 for development fees; and $13,000 for leasing fees. As of December 31, 2017, the amounts due to Vornado were $1,811,000 for leasing fees; $658,000 for management, property management, cleaning, engineering and security fees; and $21,000 for development fees. 49 ALEXANDER’S, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED) 4. RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS - continued Toys Our affiliate, Vornado, owned 32.5% of Toys as of December 31, 2018. On February 1, 2019, in connection with the Toys Chapter 11 bankruptcy, the plan of reorganization for Toys was declared effective and Vornado’s ownership in Toys was canceled and Toys’ Board of Directors was dissolved. Joseph Macnow, Vornado’s Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer and Wendy A. Silverstein, a member of our Board of Directors, represented Vornado as members of Toys’ Board of Directors. Also in connection with the Toys Chapter 11 bankruptcy, Toys rejected its 47,000 square foot lease at our Rego Park II shopping center ($2,600,000 of annual revenue) effective June 30, 2018 and possession of the space was returned to us. Consequently, we accelerated depreciation and amortization of the remaining balances of $588,000 of tenant improvements and $215,000 of deferred leasing costs during the year ended December 31, 2018. We also wrote off the Toys receivable arising from the straight-lining of rent of $500,000 during the year ended December 31, 2018. 5. MARKETABLE SECURITIES As of December 31, 2018 and 2017, we owned 535,265 common shares of Macerich. These shares have an economic cost of $56.05 per share, or $30,000,000 in the aggregate. As of December 31, 2018 and 2017, the fair value of these shares was $23,166,000 and $35,156,000, respectively, based on Macerich’s closing share price of $43.28 per share and $65.68 per share, respectively. These shares are included in “marketable securities” on our consolidated balance sheets and are classified as available- for-sale. Available-for-sale securities are presented at fair value on our consolidated balance sheets. Prior to January 1, 2018, unrealized gains and losses resulting from the mark-to-market of these securities were included in “other comprehensive (loss) income.” Effective January 1, 2018, changes in the fair value of these securities are recognized in current period earnings in accordance with ASC 825. For the year ended December 31, 2018 we recorded a decrease in the fair value of our marketable securities of $11,990,000, resulting from Macerich’s closing share price of $43.28 as of December 31, 2018, compared to $65.68 as of December 31, 2017. 6. DISCONTINUED OPERATIONS In 2012, we sold the Kings Plaza Regional Shopping Center (“Kings Plaza”) and paid real property transfer taxes to New York City in connection with the sale. In 2015, the New York City Department of Finance (“NYC DOF”) issued a Notice of Determination to us assessing an additional New York City real property transfer tax amount, including interest, which we are contesting. In 2014, in a case with similar facts, the NYC DOF issued a Notice of Determination to a Vornado joint venture assessing an additional New York City real property transfer tax amount, including interest. In January 2017, a New York City administrative law judge made a determination upholding the Vornado joint venture’s position that such additional real property transfer taxes were not due. On February 16, 2018, the New York City Tax Appeals Tribunal (the “Tribunal”) overturned the January 2017 determination. The Vornado joint venture is appealing the Tribunal’s decision to the Appellate Division of the Supreme Court of the State of New York which is scheduled to be heard in the first half of 2019. In 2018, based on the precedent of the Tribunal’s decision, we recorded an expense for the potential additional real property transfer taxes of $23,797,000 ($15,874,000 of real property transfer tax and $7,923,000 of interest) and paid this amount in order to stop the interest from accruing. Our case is on hold pending the outcome of the Vornado joint venture’s appeal. As the results related to Kings Plaza were previously classified as discontinued operations, we have classified the expense as “loss from discontinued operations” on our consolidated statement of income for the year ended December 31, 2018 in accordance with the provisions of ASC Topic 360, Property, Plant and Equipment. 50 ALEXANDER’S, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED) 7. MORTGAGES PAYABLE On October 3, 2018, we extended our mortgage loan on our Paramus property. The $68,000,000 interest-only loan has a fixed rate of 4.72% and matures in October 2021. Previously the loan bore interest at a fixed rate of 2.90%. On December 12, 2018, we completed a $252,544,000 refinancing of our Rego Park II shopping center. The interest-only loan is at LIBOR plus 1.35% (3.87% as of December 31, 2018) and matures in December 2025. The previous loan bore interest at LIBOR plus 1.85% and was scheduled to mature in January 2019. The following is a summary of our outstanding mortgages payable. We may refinance our maturing debt as it comes due or choose to repay it. (Amounts in thousands) First mortgages secured by: Maturity(1) Interest Rate at December 31, 2018 Balance at December 31, 2018 2017 Paramus 731 Lexington Avenue, retail space(2) 731 Lexington Avenue, office space(3) Rego Park II shopping center Rego Park I shopping center (100% cash collateralized)(5) Total Deferred debt issuance costs, net of accumulated amortization of $9,212 and $6,315, respectively Oct. 2021 Aug. 2022 Jun. 2024 Dec. 2025 — 4.72% 3.78% 3.36% 3.87% — $ $ 68,000 350,000 500,000 252,544 (4) 68,000 350,000 500,000 256,194 — 1,170,544 78,246 1,252,440 (9,010) (12,218) $ 1,161,534 $ 1,240,222 (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) Represents the extended maturity where we have the unilateral right to extend. Interest at LIBOR plus 1.40%. Interest at LIBOR plus 0.90%. Interest at LIBOR plus 1.35%. See Note 8 for details of our Rego Park II loan participation. Refinanced on May 11, 2018 and repaid on June 6, 2018. All of our debt is secured by mortgages and/or pledges of the stock of the subsidiaries holding the properties. The net carrying value of real estate collateralizing the debt amounted to $589,492,000 as of December 31, 2018. Our existing financing documents contain covenants that limit our ability to incur additional indebtedness on these properties, and in certain circumstances, provide for lender approval of tenants’ leases and yield maintenance to prepay them. As of December 31, 2018, the principal repayments for the next five years and thereafter are as follows: (Amounts in thousands) Year Ending December 31, 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 Thereafter 51 $ Amount — — 68,000 350,000 — 752,544 ALEXANDER’S, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED) 8. REGO PARK II LOAN PARTICIPATION We hold a participation in the Rego Park II shopping center loan and are entitled to interest at LIBOR plus 1.35% (3.87% as of December 31, 2018). The participation in the previous loan, which was refinanced on December 12, 2018, earned interest at LIBOR plus 1.60%. As of December 31, 2018 and 2017, our loan participation balance was $195,708,000 and $198,537,000, respectively, and the investment is presented as “Rego Park II loan participation” on our consolidated balance sheets. Interest earned on the loan participation is recognized as “interest and other income, net” on our consolidated statements of income for the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017. 9. FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS ASC 820 defines fair value and establishes a framework for measuring fair value. ASC 820 establishes a fair value hierarchy that prioritizes observable and unobservable inputs used to measure fair value into three levels: Level 1 – quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets that are accessible at the measurement date for assets or liabilities; Level 2 – observable prices that are based on inputs not quoted in active markets, but corroborated by market data; and Level 3 – unobservable inputs that are used when little or no market data is available. The fair value hierarchy gives the highest priority to Level 1 inputs and the lowest priority to Level 3 inputs. In determining fair value, we utilize valuation techniques that maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs to the extent possible as well as consider counterparty credit risk in our assessment of fair value. d Financial Assets and Liabilities Measured at Fair Value Financial assets measured at fair value on our consolidated balance sheets as of December 31, 2018 and 2017 consist of marketable securities and an interest rate cap, which are presented in the table below based on their level in the fair value hierarchy. There were no financial liabilities measured at fair value as of December 31, 2018 and 2017. (Amounts in thousands) Marketable securities Interest rate cap (included in other assets) Total assets (Amounts in thousands) Marketable securities Interest rate cap (included in other assets) Total assets As of December 31, 2018 Total Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 $ $ $ $ 23,166 — 23,166 Total 35,156 6 35,162 $ $ $ $ 23,166 — 23,166 $ $ — $ — — $ As of December 31, 2017 Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 35,156 — 35,156 $ $ — $ 6 6 $ — — — — — — 52 ALEXANDER’S, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED) 9. FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS - continued Financial Assets and Liabilities not Measured at Fair Value Financial assets and liabilities that are not measured at fair value on our consolidated balance sheets include cash equivalents, the Rego Park II loan participation and mortgages payable. Cash equivalents are carried at cost, which approximates fair value due to their short-term maturities and are classified as Level 1. The fair values of the Rego Park II loan participation and our mortgages payable are calculated by discounting the future contractual cash flows of these instruments using current risk-adjusted rates available to borrowers with similar credit ratings, which are provided by a third-party specialist, and are classified as Level 2. The table below summarizes the carrying amount and fair value of these financial instruments as of December 31, 2018 and 2017. (Amounts in thousands) Assets: Cash equivalents Rego Park II loan participation Liabilities: As of December 31, 2018 As of December 31, 2017 Carrying Amount Fair Value Carrying Amount Fair Value $ $ 173,858 195,708 369,566 $ $ 173,858 196,000 369,858 $ $ 273,914 198,537 472,451 $ $ 273,914 198,000 471,914 Mortgages payable (excluding deferred debt issuance costs, net) $ 1,170,544 $ 1,165,000 $ 1,252,440 $ 1,239,000 10. LEASES As Lessor We lease space to tenants in an office building and in retail centers. The rental terms range from approximately 5 to 25 years. The leases provide for the payment of fixed base rents payable monthly in advance as well as reimbursements of real estate taxes, insurance and maintenance costs. Retail leases may also provide for the payment by the lessee of additional rents based on a percentage of their sales. We also lease residential space at The Alexander apartment tower with 1 or 2 year lease terms. Future base rental revenue under these non-cancelable operating leases is as follows: (Amounts in thousands) Year Ending December 31, 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 Thereafter $ Amount 138,784 131,647 120,450 111,532 111,962 671,111 These future minimum amounts do not include additional rents based on a percentage of retail tenants’ sales. These rents were $234,000, $174,000 and $182,000, respectively, for the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016. 53 ALEXANDER’S, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED) 10. LEASES - continued Bloomberg accounted for revenue of $107,356,000, $105,224,000 and $104,590,000 in the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, respectively, representing approximately 46% of our total revenues in each year. No other tenant accounted for more than 10% of our total revenues. If we were to lose Bloomberg as a tenant, or if Bloomberg were to be unable to fulfill its obligations under its lease, it would adversely affect our results of operations and financial condition. In order to assist us in our continuing assessment of Bloomberg’s creditworthiness, we receive certain confidential financial information and metrics from Bloomberg. In addition, we access and evaluate financial information regarding Bloomberg from other private sources, as well as publicly available data. As Lessee We are a tenant under a long-term ground lease at our Flushing property, which expires in 2027 and has one 10-year extension option. In accordance with ASC 842, on January 1, 2019 we recorded a right-of-use asset and lease liability related to this ground lease equal to the present value of the remaining minimum lease payments of approximately $5,400,000. Future lease payments under this operating lease, excluding the extension option, are as follows: (Amounts in thousands) Year Ending December 31, 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 Thereafter $ Amount 800 800 800 800 800 2,467 Rent expense was $746,000 in each of the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016. 11. STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION We account for stock-based compensation in accordance with ASC Topic 718, Compensation - Stock Compensation. Our 2016 Omnibus Stock Plan (the “Plan”) provides for grants of incentive and non-qualified stock options, restricted stock, stock appreciation rights, deferred stock units (“DSUs”) and performance shares, as defined, to the directors, officers and employees of the Company and Vornado. On May 17, 2018, we granted each of the members of our Board of Directors 195 DSUs with a grant date fair value of $56,250 per grant, or $394,000 in the aggregate. The DSUs entitle the holders to receive shares of the Company’s common stock without the payment of any consideration. The DSUs vested immediately and accordingly, were expensed on the date of grant, but the shares of common stock underlying the DSUs are not deliverable to the grantee until the grantee is no longer serving on the Company’s Board of Directors. As of December 31, 2018, there were 10,057 DSUs outstanding and 495,730 shares were available for future grant under the Plan. 54 ALEXANDER’S, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED) 12. COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES Insurance We maintain general liability insurance with limits of $300,000,000 per occurrence and per property, and all-risk property and rental value insurance coverage with limits of $1.7 billion per occurrence, including coverage for acts of terrorism, with sub-limits for certain perils such as floods and earthquakes on each of our properties. Fifty Ninth Street Insurance Company, LLC (“FNSIC”), our wholly owned consolidated subsidiary, acts as a direct insurer for coverage for acts of terrorism, including nuclear, biological, chemical and radiological (“NBCR”) acts, as defined by the Terrorism Risk Insurance Program Reauthorization Act, which expires in December 2020. Coverage for acts of terrorism (including NBCR acts) is up to $1.7 billion per occurrence and in the aggregate. Coverage for acts of terrorism (excluding NBCR acts) is fully reinsured by third party insurance companies and the Federal government with no exposure to FNSIC. For NBCR acts, FNSIC is responsible for a $323,000 deductible and 19% of the balance of a covered loss, and the Federal government is responsible for the remaining 81% of a covered loss. We are ultimately responsible for any loss incurred by FNSIC. We continue to monitor the state of the insurance market and the scope and costs of coverage for acts of terrorism or other events. However, we cannot anticipate what coverage will be available on commercially reasonable terms in the future. We are responsible for uninsured losses and for deductibles and losses in excess of our insurance coverage, which could be material. Our mortgage loans are non-recourse to us and contain customary covenants requiring us to maintain insurance. Although we believe that we have adequate insurance coverage for purposes of these agreements, we may not be able to obtain an equivalent amount of coverage at reasonable costs in the future. Further, if lenders insist on greater coverage than we are able to obtain, it could adversely affect our ability to finance or refinance our properties. Paramus In 2001, we leased 30.3 acres of land located in Paramus, New Jersey to IKEA Property, Inc. The lease has a purchase option in 2021 for $75,000,000. The property is encumbered by a $68,000,000 interest-only mortgage loan with a fixed rate of 4.72%, which matures in October 2021. The annual triple-net rent is the sum of $700,000 plus the amount of interest on the mortgage loan. If the purchase option is exercised, we will receive net cash proceeds of approximately $7,000,000 and recognize a gain on sale of land of approximately $60,000,000. If the purchase option is not exercised, the triple-net rent for the last 20 years would include debt service sufficient to fully amortize $68,000,000 over the remaining 20-year lease term. Rego Park I Litigation g g In June 2014, Sears Roebuck and Co. (“Sears”) filed a lawsuit in the Supreme Court of the State of New York against Vornado and us (and certain of our subsidiaries) with regard to space that Sears leased at our Rego Park I property alleging that the defendants are liable for harm that Sears has suffered as a result of (a) water intrusions into the premises, (b) two fires in February 2014 that caused damages to those premises, and (c) alleged violations of the Americans with Disabilities Act in the premises’ parking garage. Sears asserted various causes of actions for damages and sought to compel compliance with landlord’s obligations to repair the premises and to provide security, and to compel us to abate a nuisance that Sears claims was a cause of the water intrusions into its premises. In addition to injunctive relief, Sears sought, among other things, damages of not less than $4 million and future damages it estimated would not be less than $25 million. In March 2016, Sears withdrew its claim for future damages leaving a remaining claim for property damages, which we estimate to be approximately $650,000 based on information provided by Sears. We intend to defend the remaining claim vigorously. The amount or range of reasonably possible losses, if any, is not expected to be greater than $650,000. On October 15, 2018, Sears filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy relief resulting in an automatic stay of this case. t On April 4, 2017, Sears closed its 195,000 square foot store at the property ($10,300,000 of annual revenue). On October 15, 2018, Sears filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy relief and rejected its lease. Consequently, we wrote off the remaining balance of the Sears receivable arising from the straight-lining of rent of $2,973,000 during the year ended December 31, 2018. In addition, we accelerated depreciation and amortization of the remaining balance of $312,000 of deferred leasing costs during the year ended December 31, 2018. 55 ALEXANDER’S, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED) 12. COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES - continued Tenant Matter On January 10, 2019, Kohl’s announced that it plans to close and sublease its 133,000 square foot store at our Rego Park II shopping center; Kohl’s remains obligated to us under its lease which expires in January 2031. f Letters of Credit Approximately $1,030,000 of standby letters of credit were issued and outstanding as of December 31, 2018. Other We received approximately $165,000, $396,000 and $825,000 from bankruptcy recoveries during the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, respectively, which is included as “interest and other income, net” in our consolidated statements of income. There are various other legal actions against us in the ordinary course of business. In our opinion, the outcome of such matters in the aggregate will not have a material effect on our financial position, results of operations or cash flows. 13. MULTIEMPLOYER BENEFIT PLANS Our subsidiaries make contributions to certain multiemployer defined benefit plans (“Multiemployer Pension Plans”) and health plans (“Multiemployer Health Plans”) for our union represented employees, pursuant to the respective collective bargaining agreements. Multiemployer Pension Plans p y Multiemployer Pension Plans differ from single-employer pension plans in that (i) contributions to multiemployer plans may be used to provide benefits to employees of other participating employers and (ii) if other participating employers fail to make their contributions, each of our subsidiaries may be required to bear their pro rata share of unfunded obligations. If a participating subsidiary withdraws from a plan in which it participates, it may be subject to a withdrawal liability. As of December 31, 2018, our subsidiaries’ participation in these plans were not significant to our consolidated financial statements. In the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016 our subsidiaries contributed $161,000, $162,000 and $147,000, respectively, towards Multiemployer Pension Plans. Our subsidiaries’ contributions did not represent more than 5% of total employer contributions in any of these plans for the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016. Multiemployer Health Plans p y Multiemployer Health Plans in which our subsidiaries participate provide health benefits to eligible active and retired employees. In the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016 our subsidiaries contributed $649,000, $619,000 and $539,000, respectively, towards these plans. 56 ALEXANDER’S, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED) 14. EARNINGS PER SHARE The following table sets forth the computation of basic and diluted income per share, including a reconciliation of net income and the number of shares used in computing basic and diluted income per share. Basic income per share is determined using the weighted average shares of common stock (including DSUs) outstanding during the period. Diluted income per share is determined using the weighted average shares of common stock (including DSUs) outstanding during the period, and assumes all potentially dilutive securities were converted into common shares at the earliest date possible. There were no potentially dilutive securities outstanding during the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016. (Amounts in thousands, except share and per share amounts) 2018 2017 2016 For the Year Ended December 31, Income from continuing operations Loss from discontinued operations (see Note 6) Net income Weighted average shares outstanding – basic and diluted Income from continuing operations Loss from discontinued operations (see Note 6) Net income per common share – basic and diluted $ $ $ $ 56,641 (23,797) 32,844 5,116,838 11.07 (4.65) 6.42 $ $ $ $ 80,509 — 80,509 5,115,501 15.74 — 15.74 $ $ $ $ 86,477 — 86,477 5,114,084 16.91 — 16.91 15. SUMMARY OF QUARTERLY RESULTS (UNAUDITED) (Amounts in thousands, except per share amounts) Revenues Net Income (Loss) Basic Diluted Net Income (Loss) Per Common Share(1) 2018 December 31 September 30 June 30 March 31 December 31 September 30 June 30 March 31 2017 _______________________ $ $ $ $ 57,567 59,125 58,253 57,880 58,061 58,094 57,190 57,229 $ $ 9,971 15,003 17,570 (9,700) (2)(2) 17,883 20,299 20,660 21,667 $ $ 1.95 2.93 3.43 (2)(2) (1.90) 3.50 3.97 4.04 4.24 1.95 2.93 3.43 (1.90) (2) 3.50 3.97 4.04 4.24 (1) (2) The total for the year may differ from the sum of the quarters as a result of weighting. Includes $23,797, or $4.65 per common share, of expense for potential additional New York City real property transfer taxes on the 2012 sale of Kings Plaza which is being contested. 57 ITEM 9. CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS ON ACCOUNTING AND FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE None. ITEM 9A. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES Disclosure Controls and Procedures – Our management, with the participation of our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, have evaluated the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures (as such term is defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended) as of the end of the period covered by this Annual Report on Form 10-K. Based on such evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer have concluded that, as of the end of such period, our disclosure controls and procedures are effective. Internal Control Over Financial Reporting – There have not been any changes in our internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rule 13a-15(f) under the Securities and Exchange Act of 1934, as amended) during the fourth quarter of the fiscal year to which this report relates that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting. 58 MANAGEMENT’S REPORT ON INTERNAL CONTROL OVER FINANCIAL REPORTING The management of Alexander’s, Inc., together with its consolidated subsidiaries (the “Company”), is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting. The Company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed under the supervision of the Company’s principal executive and principal financial officers to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of the Company’s financial statements for external reporting purposes in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. As of December 31, 2018, management conducted an assessment of the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting based on the framework established in Internal Control – Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission. Based on this assessment, management has determined that the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2018 is effective. The Company’s internal control over financial reporting includes policies and procedures that pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect transactions and dispositions of assets; provide reasonable assurances that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America, and that receipts and expenditures are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and the directors of the Company; and provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the Company’s assets that could have a material effect on the Company’s financial statements. mm The effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2018 has been audited by Deloitte & Touche LLP, an independent registered public accounting firm, as stated in their report appearing on page 60 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K, which expresses an unqualified opinion on the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2018. 59 REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM To the Stockholders and the Board of Directors of Alexander’s, Inc. Paramus, New Jersey Opinion on Internal Control over Financial Reporting We have audited the internal control over financial reporting of Alexander’s, Inc. and subsidiaries (the “Company”) as of December m 31, 2018, based on criteria established in Internal Control - l Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO). In our opinion, the Company maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2018, based on criteria established in Internal Control - Integrated Framework (2013) issued by COSO. We have also audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB), the consolidated financial statements as of and for the year ended December 31, 2018, of the Company and our report dated February 11, 2019, expressed an unqualified opinion on those financial statements. Basis for Opinion The Company’s management is responsible for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting, included in the accompanying Management’s Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s internal control over financial reporting based on our audit. We are a public accounting firm registered with the PCAOB and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB. uu We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects. Our audit included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk, and performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion. aa a Definition and Limitations of Internal Control over Financial Reporting A company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A company’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (1) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements. a Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate. /s/ DELOITTE & TOUCHE LLP Parsippany, New Jersey February 11, 2019 60 ITEM 9B. OTHER INFORMATION None. PART III ITEM 10. DIRECTORS, EXECUTIVE OFFICERS AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE Information relating to our directors, including our audit committee and audit committee financial expert, will be contained in a definitive Proxy Statement involving the election of directors pursuant to Regulation 14A under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. We will file the Proxy Statement with the Securities and Exchange Commission no later than 120 days after December 31, 2018. Such information is incorporated by reference herein. Also incorporated herein by reference is the information under the caption “Section 16(a) Beneficial Ownership Reporting Compliance” of the Proxy Statement. a The following is a list of the names, ages, principal occupations and positions with us of our executive officers and the positions held by such officers during the past five years. Name Steven Roth Age 77 PRINCIPAL OCCUPATION, POSITION AND OFFICE (Current and during past five years with the Company unless otherwise stated) Chairman of the Board since May 2004 and Chief Executive Officer since March 1995; Chairman of the Board of Vornado Realty Trust since May 1989; Chief Executive Officer of Vornado Realty Trust since April 2013 and from May 1989 to May 2009; a Trustee of Vornado Realty Trust since 1979; and Managing General Partner of Interstate Properties. Matthew Iocco 48 Chief Financial Officer since April 2017; Executive Vice President - Chief Accounting Officer of Vornado Realty Trust since May 2015; and Senior Vice President - Chief Accounting Officer of Vornado Realty Trust from May 2012 to May 2015. We have a code of business conduct and ethics that applies to, among others, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer. The code is posted on our website at www.alx-inc.com. We intend to satisfy our disclosure obligation regarding amendments and waivers of this code applicable to our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer by posting such information on our website. 61 ITEM 11. EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION Information relating to executive compensation will be contained in the Proxy Statement referred to in “Item 10. Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance” of this Annual Report on Form 10-K. Such information is incorporated by reference herein. ITEM 12. SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT AND RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS Information relating to security ownership of certain beneficial owners and management and related stockholder matters, except as set forth below, will be contained in the Proxy Statement referred to in “Item 10. Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance” of this Annual Report on Form 10-K. Such information is incorporated by reference herein. Equity Compensation Plan Information The following table provides information as of December 31, 2018, regarding our equity compensation. Plan Category Equity compensation plans approved by security holders Equity compensation plans not approved by security holders Total (a) Number of securities to be issued upon exercise of outstanding options, warrants and rights Weighted-average exercise price of outstanding options, warrants and rights Number of securities remaining available for future issuance under equity compensation plans (excluding securities reflected in column (a)) 10,057 N/A 10,057 $ $ — N/A — 495,730 N/A 495,730 ITEM 13. CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS, AND DIRECTOR INDEPENDENCE Information relating to certain relationships and related transactions and director independence will be contained in the Proxy Statement referred to in “Item 10. Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance” of this Annual Report on Form 10- K. Such information is incorporated by reference herein. ITEM 14. PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTING FEES AND SERVICES Information relating to principal accounting fees and services will be contained in the Proxy Statement referred to in “Item 10. Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance” of this Annual Report on Form 10-K. Such information is incorporated by reference herein. 62 ITEM 15. EXHIBITS, FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES (a) The following documents are filed as part of this Annual Report on Form 10-K. PART IV 1. The consolidated financial statements are set forth in Item 8 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K. 2. The following financial statement schedules should be read in conjunction with the financial statements included in Item 8 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K. Schedule II – Valuation and Qualifying Accounts – years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016 Schedule III – Real Estate and Accumulated Depreciation as of December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016 Pages in this Annual Report on Form 10-K 64 65 All other financial statement schedules are omitted because they are not applicable, not required, or the information is included elsewhere in the consolidated financial statements or the notes thereto. 63 ALEXANDER’S, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES SCHEDULE II VALUATION AND QUALIFYING ACCOUNTS (Amounts in thousands) Column A Column B Column C Column D Column E Description Allowance for doubtful accounts: Year Ended December 31, 2018 Year Ended December 31, 2017 Year Ended December 31, 2016 Balance at Beginning of Year Additions: Charged Against Operations Deductions: Uncollectible Accounts Written Off Balance at End of Year $ $ $ 1,501 1,473 918 $ $ $ 4,459 53 557 $ $ $ (5,289) $ 671 (25) $ 1,501 (2) $ 1,473 64 S E I R A I D I S B U S D N A . C N I , S ’ R E D N A X E L A I I I E L U D E H C S N O I T A I C E R P E D D E T A L U M U C C A D N A E T A T S E L A E R 8 1 0 2 , 1 3 r e b m e c e D ) s d n a s u o h t n i s t n u o m A ( I N M U L O C H N M U L O C G N M U L O C F N M U L O C E N M U L O C D N M U L O C C N M U L O C B N M U L O C A N M U L O C h c i h w n o e f i L n i n o i t a i c e r p e D e m o c n I t s e t a L s i t n e m e t a t S d e t u p m o C s r a e y 9 3 - 3 s r a e y 0 4 - 3 s r a e y 9 3 - 3 s r a e y 5 1 - 5 A N / s r a e y 9 3 - 9 A N / A N / e t a D ) 1 ( d e r i u q c A f o e t a D n o i t c u r t s n o C d e t a l u m u c c A n o i t a i c e r p e D d n a n o i t a z i t r o m A ) 3 ( l a t o T t n e m p o l e v e D d d n n a a n o i t c u r t s n o C s s e r g o r P n I s s g g n n i i d d l l i i u u B B d l o h e s a e L d n a s t n e m e v o r p m I d n a L s t s o C d e z i l a t i p a C t n e u q e s b u S n o i t i s i u q c A o t s g n i d l i u B d l o h e s a e L d n a s t n e m e v o r p m I d n a L ) 2 ( s e c n a r b m u c n E h c i h W t a t n u o m A s s o r G d o i r e P f o e s o l C t a d e i r r a C ) 1 ( y n a p m o C o t t s o C l a i t i n I 2 9 9 1 2 9 9 1 2 9 9 1 2 9 9 1 2 9 9 1 2 9 9 1 2 9 9 1 9 5 9 1 9 0 0 2 6 1 0 2 / A N ) 5 ( 5 7 9 1 3 0 0 2 / A N 2 9 9 1 / A N 7 8 9 , 4 3 1 1 0 , 3 9 1 3 6 , 3 1 9 5 2 8 2 0 , 1 5 0 5 , 4 5 1 — — $ 6 5 0 , 5 6 $ 8 7 4 , 2 9 3 2 1 1 , 9 1 1 5 9 7 , 4 3 5 5 , 1 6 7 7 , 2 3 4 4 5 7 , 1 1 7 6 1 3 7 5 0 6 1 — 3 1 5 , 3 — — — — 1 9 1 , 9 8 3 2 1 1 , 9 1 1 3 0 5 3 5 5 , 1 9 7 2 , 5 0 4 — — — 9 7 7 — 7 2 1 , 3 7 9 4 , 7 2 4 5 7 , 1 1 ) 7 0 1 ( 6 1 0 , 4 4 8 8 , 7 8 3 2 1 1 , 9 1 1 9 8 9 , 5 0 4 3 1 3 , 0 1 — — 7 6 4 , 1 — 0 6 6 , 1 5 5 3 , 2 1 7 2 1 , 3 ) 4 ( 4 4 5 , 2 5 2 — 9 7 7 — 2 3 4 , 4 1 1 4 4 , 1 — — — 0 0 0 , 0 5 8 0 0 0 , 8 6 7 6 1 ) 4 0 8 , 1 ( 4 0 8 , 1 7 6 1 — $ 6 3 8 , 2 6 $ 7 4 6 , 1 $ 6 5 4 , 4 5 $ 3 5 9 , 8 $ 7 4 6 , 1 $ — $ 1 2 4 , 7 9 2 $ 1 9 6 , 7 2 0 , 1 $ 6 4 2 , 4 $ 4 7 4 , 8 7 9 $ 1 7 9 , 4 4 $ 9 5 8 , 9 7 9 $ 9 3 2 , 6 2 $ 3 9 5 , 1 2 $ 4 4 5 , 0 7 1 , 1 $ r e w o t t n e m t r a p a r e d n a x e l A e h T I k r a P o g e R I I k r a P o g e R Y N , k r o Y w e N n o i t p i r c s e D I I I k r a P o g e R g n i h s u l F e u n e v A n o t g n i x e L J N , s u m a r a P s e i t r e p o r P r e h t O L A T O T . s e s o p r u p t n e m e t a t s l a i c n a n i f r o f d e t r o p e r t n u o m a e h t n a h t r e w o l 9 5 5 , 6 8 1 $ y l e t a m i x o r p p a s i s e s o p r u p x a t r o f s e i t i l i b a i l d n a s t e s s a s ’ y n a p m o C e h t f o s i s a b t e n e h T ) 3 ( . ) s n o i t a r e p o e t a t s e l a e r s t i d e c n e m m o c y n a p m o C e h t h c i h w n o e t a d e h t ( 2 9 9 1 , 5 1 y a M f o s a s i t s o c l a i t i n I ) 1 ( . 0 1 0 , 9 $ f o t e n , s t s o c e c n a u s s i t b e d d e r r e f e d s e d u l c x E ) 2 ( . n a o l e h t n i n o i t a p i c i t r a p 8 0 7 , 5 9 1 $ a d l o h e W ) 4 ( . d e r i u q c a s a w e s a e l e h t e t a d e h t s t n e s e r p e R ) 5 ( 5 6 ALEXANDER’S, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES SCHEDULE III REAL ESTATE AND ACCUMULATED DEPRECIATION (Amounts in thousands) REAL ESTATE: Balance at beginning of period Changes during the period: Land Buildings and leasehold improvements Development and construction in progress Less: Fully depreciated assets Balance at end of period ACCUMULATED DEPRECIATION: Balance at beginning of period Additions charged to operating expenses Less: Fully depreciated assets Balance at end of period 2018 December 31, 2017 2016 $ 1,037,368 $ 1,033,551 $ 1,029,472 — 3,218 695 1,041,281 (13,590) 1,027,691 283,044 27,967 311,011 (13,590) 297,421 $ $ $ — 3,046 771 1,037,368 — 1,037,368 252,737 30,307 283,044 — 283,044 $ $ $ — 12,464 (6,706) 1,035,230 (1,679) 1,033,551 225,533 28,883 254,416 (1,679) 252,737 $ $ $ 66 ITEM 15. EXHIBITS, FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES - continued (b) Exhibits Exhibit No. 3.1 3.2 10.1 10.2 10.3 10.4 10.5 10.6 10.7 10.8 10.9 10.10 * - - - - - - - - - - - - Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation. Incorporated herein by reference from Exhibit 3.1 to the registrant’s Registration Statement on Form S-3 filed on September 20, 1995 By-laws, as amended. Incorporated herein by reference from Exhibit 3(ii) to the registrant’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2000 Real Estate Retention Agreement dated as of July 20, 1992, between Vornado Realty Trust and Keen Realty Consultants, Inc., each as special real estate consultants, and the Company. Incorporated herein by reference from Exhibit 10(i)(O) to the registrant’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended July 25, 1992 Extension Agreement to the Real Estate Retention Agreement, dated as of February 6, 1995, between the Company and Vornado Realty Trust. Incorporated herein by reference from Exhibit 10(i)(G)(2) to the registrant’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 1994 Agreement of Lease dated as of April 30, 2001 between Seven Thirty One Limited Partnership, landlord, and Bloomberg L.P., tenant. Incorporated herein by reference from Exhibit 10(v) B to the registrant’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2001, filed on August 2, 2001 Lease dated as of October 2, 2001 by and between ALX of Paramus LLC, as Landlord, and IKEA Property, Inc. as Tenant. Incorporated herein by reference from Exhibit 10(v)(C)(4) to the registrant’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2001, filed on March 13, 2002 First Amendment to Real Estate Retention Agreement, dated as of July 3, 2002, by and between Alexander’s, Inc. and Vornado Realty, L.P. Incorporated herein by reference from Exhibit 10(i) (E)(3) to the registrant’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2002, filed on August 7, 2002 59th Street Real Estate Retention Agreement, dated as of July 3, 2002, by and between Vornado Realty, L.P., 731 Residential LLC and 731 Commercial LLC. Incorporated herein by reference from Exhibit 10(i)(E)(4) to the registrant’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2002, filed on August 7, 2002 Amended and Restated Management and Development Agreement, dated as of July 3, 2002, by and between Alexander’s, Inc., the subsidiaries party thereto and Vornado Management Corp. Incorporated herein by reference from Exhibit 10(i)(F)(1) to the registrant’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2002, filed on August 7, 2002 Limited Liability Company Operating Agreement of 731 Residential LLC, dated as of July 3, 2002, among 731 Residential Holding LLC, as the sole member, Domenic A. Borriello, as an Independent Manager and Kim Lutthang, as an Independent Manager. Incorporated herein by reference from Exhibit 10(i)(A)(1) to the registrant’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2002, filed on August 7, 2002 Limited Liability Company Operating Agreement of 731 Commercial LLC, dated as of July 3, 2002, among 731 Commercial Holding LLC, as the sole member, Domenic A. Borriello, as an Independent Manager and Kim Lutthang, as an Independent Manager. Incorporated herein by reference from Exhibit 10(i)(A)(2) to the registrant’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2002, filed on August 7, 2002 Reimbursement Agreement, dated as of July 3, 2002, by and between Alexander’s, Inc., 731 Commercial LLC, 731 Residential LLC and Vornado Realty, L.P. Incorporated herein by reference from Exhibit 10(i)(C)(8) to the registrant’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2002, filed on August 7, 2002 ___________________ Incorporated by reference. * * * * * * * * * * * * 67 10.11 10.12 10.13 10.14 10.15 10.16 10.17 10.18 10.19 10.20 10.21 10.22 - - - - - - - - - - - - First Amendment of Lease, dated as of April 19, 2002, between Seven Thirty One Limited Partnership, landlord and Bloomberg L.P., tenant. Incorporated herein by reference from Exhibit 10(v)(B)(2) to the registrant’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the fiscal quarter ended June 30, 2002, filed on August 7, 2002 Second Amendment to Real Estate Retention Agreement, dated as of January 1, 2007, by and between Alexander’s, Inc. and Vornado Realty L.P. Incorporated herein by reference from Exhibit 10.64 to the registrant’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2006, filed on February 26, 2007 Amendment to 59th Street Real Estate Retention agreement, dated as of January 1, 2007, by and among Vornado Realty L.P., 731 Retail One LLC, 731 Restaurant LLC, 731 Office One LLC and 731 Office Two LLC. Incorporated herein by reference from Exhibit 10.65 to the registrant’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2006, filed on February 26, 2007 First Amendment to Amended and Restated Management and Development Agreement, dated as of July 6, 2005, by and between Alexander’s, Inc., the subsidiaries party thereto and Vornado Management Corp. Incorporated herein by reference from Exhibit 10.52 to the registrant’s Annual Report on Form 10-K, for the year ended December 31, 2007, filed on February 25, 2008 Second Amendment to Amended and Restated Management and Development Agreement, dated as of December 20, 2007, by and between Alexander’s, Inc., the subsidiaries party thereto and Vornado Management Corp. Incorporated herein by reference from Exhibit 10.53 to the registrant’s Annual Report on Form 10-K, for the year ended December 31, 2007, filed on February 25, 2008 Third Amendment to Real Estate Retention Agreement, dated as of December 20, 2007, by and between Alexander’s, Inc., and Vornado Realty L.P. Incorporated herein by reference from Exhibit 10.55 to the registrant’s Annual Report on Form 10-K, for the year ended December 31, 2007, filed on February 25, 2008 Loan Agreement dated as of March 10, 2009 between Alexander’s Rego Shopping Center Inc., as Borrower and U.S. Bank National Association, as Lender. Incorporated herein by reference from Exhibit 10.55 to the registrant’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2009, filed on May 4, 2009 Amended and Restated Mortgage, Security Agreement, Fixture Filing and Assignment of Leases and Rentals by and between Alexander’s Rego Shopping Center, Inc. as Borrower and U.S. Bank National Association as Lender, dated as of March 10, 2009. Incorporated herein by reference from Exhibit 10.56 to the registrant’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2009, filed on May 4, 2009 Amended and Restated Promissory Note dated as of March 10, 2009, by Alexander’s Rego Shopping Center Inc., in favor of U.S. Bank National Association. Incorporated herein by reference from Exhibit 10.57 to the registrant’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2009, filed on May 4, 2009 Cash Pledge Agreement dated as of March 10, 2009, executed by Alexander’s Rego Shopping Center Inc. to and for the benefit of U.S. Bank National Association. Incorporated herein by reference from Exhibit 10.58 to the registrant’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2009, filed on May 4, 2009 Lease dated as of February 7, 2005, by and between 731 Office One LLC, as Landlord, and Citibank, N.A., as Tenant. Incorporated herein by reference from Exhibit 10.59 to the registrant’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2009, filed on May 4, 2009 Assignment and Assumption and Consent Agreement, dated as of March 25, 2009, by and between 731 Office One LLC, as Landlord, Citicorp North America, Inc., as Assignor, and Bloomberg L.P., as Assignee. Incorporated herein by reference from Exhibit 10.60 to the registrant’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2009, filed on May 4, 2009 * * * * * * * * * * * * __________________ * Incorporated by reference. 68 10.23 10.24 10.25 10.26 10.27 10.28 10.29 10.30 10.31 10.32 10.33 10.34 - - - - - - - - - * - - Third Amendment to Amended and Restated Management and Development Agreement, dated as of November 30, 2011, by and between Alexander’s, Inc., the subsidiaries party thereto and Vornado Management Corp. Incorporated herein by reference from Exhibit 10.49 to the registrant’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2011, filed on February 27, 2012 First Omnibus Loan Modification and Extension Agreement dated March 12, 2012 by and between Alexander’s Rego Shopping Center, Inc., as Borrower and U.S. Bank National Association, as Lender. Incorporated herein by reference from Exhibit 10.55 to the registrant’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2012, filed on May 7, 2012 - Mortgage Modification Agreement dated March 12, 2012 by and between Alexander’s Rego Shopping Center, Inc., as Mortgagor and U.S. Bank National Association, as Mortgagee. Incorporated herein by reference from Exhibit 10.56 to the registrant’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2012, filed on May 7, 2012 Fourth Amendment to Amended and Restated Management and Development Agreement, dated as of August 1, 2012, by and between Alexander’s, Inc., the subsidiaries party thereto and Vornado Management Corp. Incorporated herein by reference from Exhibit 10.2 to the registrants Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2012, filed on November 1, 2012 Contribution Agreement and Joint Escrow Instructions, dated as of October 21, 2012, by and between Alexander’s Kings Plaza LLC, Alexander’s of Kings LLC and Kings Parking LLC, and Brooklyn Kings Plaza LLC. Incorporated herein by reference from Exhibit 10.53 to the registrant’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2012, filed on February 26, 2013 Fifth Amendment to Amended and Restated Management and Development Agreement, dated as of December 1, 2012, by and between Alexander’s, Inc., the subsidiaries party thereto and Vornado Management Corp. Incorporated herein by reference from Exhibit 10.54 to the registrant’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2012, filed on February 26, 2013 Second Omnibus Loan Modification and Extension Agreement, dated March 8, 2013, by and between Alexander’s Rego Shopping Center, Inc., as Borrower and U.S. Bank National Association, as Lender. Incorporated herein by reference from Exhibit 10.3 to the registrant’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2013, filed on May 6, 2013 Second Mortgage Modification Agreement, dated March 8, 2013, by and between Alexander’s Rego Shopping Center, Inc., as Mortgagor and U.S. Bank National Association, as Mortgagee. Incorporated herein by reference from Exhibit 10.4 to the registrant’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2013, filed on May 6, 2013 * * * * * * * * Loan Agreement, date as of February 28, 2014, by and between 731 Office One LLC, as Borrower, and German American Capital Corporation, as Lender. Incorporated herein by reference from Exhibit 10.1 to the registrant’s Quarterly report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2014, filed on May 5, 2014 * Consolidated, Amended and Restated Promissory Note, dated as of February 28, 2014, by and between 731 Office One LLC, as Borrower, and German American Capital Corporation, as Lender. Incorporated herein by reference from Exhibit 10.2 to the registrant’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2014, filed on May 5, 2014 Amended and Restated Mortgage, Assignment of Leases and Rents and Security Agreement, dated as of February 28, 2014, by and between 731 Office One LLC, as Mortgagor, and German American Capital Corporation, as Mortgagee. Incorporated herein by reference from Exhibit 10.3 to the registrant’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2014, filed on May Assignment of Leases and Rents dated as of February 28, 2014, by and between 731 Office One LLC, as Assignor, and German American Capital Corporation, as Assignee. Incorporated herein by reference from Exhibit 10.4 to the registrant’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2014, filed on May 5, 2014 __________________ Incorporated by reference. * * * 69 10.35 10.36 10.37 10.38 10.39 10.40 10.41 10.42 10.43 10.44 10.45 10.46 * - - - - - - - - - - - - Guaranty of Recourse Obligations dated as of February 28, 2014, by and between Alexander’s, Inc., as Guarantor, and German American Capital Corporation, as Lender. Incorporated herein by reference from Exhibit 10.5 to the registrant’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2014, filed on May 5, 2014 Environmental Indemnity Agreement dated as of February 28, 2014, by and between 731 Office One LLC, as Indemnitor, and German American Capital Corporation, as Indemnitee. Incorporated herein by reference from Exhibit 10.6 to the registrant’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2014, filed on May 5, 2014 Termination Agreement dated as of February 28, 2014, by and among 731 Office One LLC, Alexander’s Management LLC, Vornado Realty L.P., 731 Office Two LLC, 731 Residential LLC, 731 Commercial LLC, 731 Retail One LLC and 731 Restaurant LLC. Incorporated herein by reference from Exhibit 10.7 to the registrant’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2014, filed on May 5, 2014 Real Estate Sub-Retention Agreement dated as of February 28, 2014, by and between Alexander’s Management LLC, as Agent, and Vornado Realty L.P., as Sub-Agent. Incorporated herein by reference from Exhibit 10.8 to the registrant’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2014, filed on May 5, 2014 Sixth Amendment to Amended and Restated Management and Development Agreement, dated as of March 21, 2014, by and between Alexander’s, Inc., the subsidiaries party thereto and Vornado Management Corp. Incorporated herein by reference from Exhibit 10.9 to the registrant’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2014, filed on May 5, 2014 Rego Park II Residential Management and Development Agreement, dated as of March 21, 2014 by and between Alexander’s of Rego Residential LLC and Vornado Management Corp. Incorporated herein by reference from Exhibit 10.10 to the registrant’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2014, filed on May 5, 2014 Fourth Amendment to Real Estate Retention Agreement, dated December 22, 2014 by and between Alexander’s, Inc. and Vornado Realty, L.P. Incorporated herein by reference from Exhibit 10.56 to the registrant’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2014, filed on February 17, 2015 Second Amendment to 59th Street Real Estate Retention Agreement, dated December 22, 2014 by and between 731 Retail One LLC, 731 Restaurant LLC, 731 Office Two LLC and Vornado Realty, L.P. Incorporated herein by reference from Exhibit 10.57 to the registrant’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2014, filed on February 17, 2015 First Amendment to Rego II Real Estate Sub-Retention Agreement, dated December 22, 2014 by and between Alexander’s, Inc. and Vornado Realty L.P. Incorporated herein by reference from Exhibit 10.58 to the registrant’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2014, filed on February 17, 2015 First Amendment to Real-Estate Sub-Retention Agreement, dated December 22, 2014 by and between Alexander’s Management LLC and Vornado Realty, L.P. Incorporated herein by reference from Exhibit 10.59 to the registrant’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2014, filed on February 17, 2015 Third Omnibus Loan Modification and Extension Agreement, dated March 10, 2015, by and between Alexander’s Rego Shopping Center, Inc., as Borrower and U.S. Bank National Association, as Lender. Incorporated herein by reference from Exhibit 10.1 to the registrant’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2015, filed on May 4, 2015 Third Mortgage Modification Agreement, dated March 10, 2015, by and between Alexander’s Rego Shopping Center, Inc., as Mortgagor and U. S. Bank National Association, as Mortgagee. Incorporated herein by reference from Exhibit 10.2 to the registrant’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2015, filed on May 4, 2015 __________________ Incorporated by reference. * * * * * * * * * * * * 70 10.47 10.48 + 10.49 10.50 10.51 ** 10.52 10.53 10.54 10.55 10.56 10.57 10.58 - - - - - - - - - - - - Loan Agreement, dated as of August 5, 2015, by and between 731 Retail One LLC and 731 Commercial LLC, as Borrower, and JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., Wells Fargo Bank, N.A., and Landesbank Baden-Württemberg, New York Branch, as Lenders. Incorporated herein by reference from Exhibit 10.3 to the registrant’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2015, filed on November 2, 2015 Second Amendment of Lease, dated as of the 12th of January 2016 between 731 Office One LLC and Bloomberg L.P. Incorporated herein by reference from Exhibit 10.1 to the registrant’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2016, filed on May 2, 2016 Fourth Omnibus Loan Modification and Extension Agreement, dated and made effective as of March 8, 2016, by and between Alexander’s Rego Shopping Center and U.S. Bank National Association. Incorporated herein by reference from Exhibit 10.2 to the registrant’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2016, filed on May 2, 2016 Fourth Mortgage Modification Agreement, dated and made effective as of March 8, 2016, by and between Alexander’s Rego Shopping Center and U.S. Bank National Association. Incorporated herein by reference from Exhibit 10.3 to the registrant’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2016, filed on May 2, 2016 Form of Alexander’s Inc. 2016 Omnibus Stock Plan Deferred Stock Unit Grant Agreement between the Company and certain employees. Incorporated herein by reference from Exhibit 10.4 to the registrant’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2016, filed on August 1, 2016 Loan Agreement, dated as of June 1, 2017, between 731 Office One LLC, as Borrower, and Deutsche Bank AG, New York Branch and Citigroup Global Markets Realty Corp. collectively, as Lender. Incorporated herein by reference from Exhibit 10.1 to the registrant’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2017, filed on July 31, 2017 Fifth Omnibus Loan Modification and Extension Agreement, dated and made effective as of March 12, 2018, by and between Alexander’s Rego Shopping Center, Inc., as Borrower, and U.S. Bank National Association, as Lender. Incorporated herein by reference from Exhibit 10.1 to the registrant’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2018, filed on April 30, 2018 Sixth Omnibus Loan Modification and Extension Agreement, dated and made effective as of April 12, 2018, by and between Alexander’s Rego Shopping Center, Inc., as Borrower, and U.S. Bank National Association, as Lender. Incorporated herein by reference from Exhibit 10.2 to the registrant’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2018, filed on April 30, 2018 Amended and Restated Loan and Security Agreement, dated and made effective as of December 12, 2018, by and between Rego II Borrower LLC, as Borrower, and Bank of China, New York Branch, as Lender Second Amended and Restated Promissory Note, dated December 12, 2018, by and between Rego II Borrower LLC, as Maker, and Bank of China, New York Branch, as Lender Second Amended and Restated Mortgage, Assignment of Leases and Rents and Security Agreement, dated December 12, 2018, by and between Rego II Borrower LLC, as Mortgagor, and Bank of China, New York Branch, as Mortgagee Amended and Restated Guaranty of Recourse Carveouts, dated December 12, 2018, by Alexander’s, Inc., as Guarantor, to and for the benefit of Bank of China, New York Branch, as Lender * * * * * * * * *** *** *** *** * ** *** + __________________ Incorporated by reference. Management contract or compensatory agreement. Filed herewith. Portions of this exhibit have been omitted pursuant to a request for confidential treatment filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission under Rule 24b-2. The omitted confidential material has been filed separately. The location of the redacted confidential information is indicated in the exhibit as “redacted.” 71 10.59 10.60 21 23 31.1 31.2 32.1 32.2 101.INS 101.SCH 101.CAL 101.DEF 101.LAB 101.PRE - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Amended and Restated Environmental Indemnity Agreement, dated December 12, 2018, among Rego II Borrower LLC and Alexander’s, Inc., individually or collectively as Indemnitor, in favor of Bank of China, New York Branch, as Lender Amended and Restated Participation and Servicing Agreement for Amended and Restated Loan and Security Agreement, dated December 12, 2018, between Bank of China, New York Branch, individually as Lender, Initial A-1 Holder and as the Agent for the Holders, and Alexander’s of Rego Park II Participating Lender LLC, individually as Initial A-2 Holder Subsidiaries of Registrant Consent of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm Rule 13a-14 (a) Certification of the Chief Executive Officer Rule 13a-14 (a) Certification of the Chief Financial Officer Section 1350 Certification of the Chief Executive Officer Section 1350 Certification of the Chief Financial Officer XBRL Instance Document XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** __________________ Filed herewith. 72 ITEM 16. FORM 10-K SUMMARY None. 73 SIGNATURES Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized. ALEXANDER’S, INC. (Registrant) Date: February 11, 2019 By: /s/ Matthew Iocco Matthew Iocco, Chief Financial Officer Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the registrant and in the capacities and on the dates indicated. Signature Title Date By: /s/Steven Roth Chairman of the Board of Directors and February 11, 2019 (Steven Roth) Chief Executive Officer (Principal Executive Officer) By: /s/Matthew Iocco Chief Financial Officer February 11, 2019 (Matthew Iocco) (Principal Financial and Accounting Officer) By: /s/Thomas R. DiBenedetto Director February 11, 2019 (Thomas R. DiBenedetto) By: /s/David Mandelbaum Director February 11, 2019 (David Mandelbaum) By: /s/Wendy Silverstein Director February 11, 2019 (Wendy Silverstein) By: /s/Arthur Sonnenblick Director February 11, 2019 (Arthur Sonnenblick) By: /s/Richard R. West Director February 11, 2019 (Richard R. West) By: /s/Russell B. Wight Jr. Director February 11, 2019 (Russell B. Wight Jr.) 74 [THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK] [THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK] CORPORATE INFORMATION Board of Directors Officers Steven Roth Chairman of the Board of Trustees and Chief Executive Officer, Vornado Realty Trust; Partner, Interstate Properties Thomas R. DiBenedetto* President, Boston International Group, Inc.; President, Junction Investors Ltd.; Managing Director, Olympic Partners David Mandelbaum A member of the law firm of Mandelbaum & Interstate Properties; Mandelbaum, P.C.; Partner, Trustee, Vornado Realty Trust Wendy A. Silverstein Chief Investment Officer – Real Estate, WeWork Companies, Inc. Arthur I. Sonnenblick* Former Senior Managing Director of Cushman & Wakefield Sonnenblick Goldman Dr. Richard R. West* Dean Emeritus, Leonard N. Stern School of Business, New York University; Trustee, Vornado Realty Trust Russell B. Wight, Jr. Partner, Interstate Properties; Trustee, Vornado Realty Trust Annual Meetingg The annual meeting of stockholders of Alexander’s, Inc., will be held at 10:00 A.M. on Thursday, May 16, 2019 at the Saddle Brook Marriott, Interstate 80 and the Garden State Parkway, Saddle Brook, New Jersey, 07663. *Member of the Audit Committee Steven Roth Chairman of the Board and Chief Executive Officer Matthew Iocco Chief Financial Officer p y Company Data Executive Offices 210 Route 4 East Paramus, New Jersey 07652 Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm Deloitte & Touche LLP Parsippany, New Jersey Counsel Shearman & Sterling LLP New York, New York Transfer Agent and Registrar American Stock Transfer & Trust Co. New York, New York to Management Certifications The Company’s Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer provided certifications the Securities and Exchange Commission as required by Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 and these certifications are included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018. In addition, as required by Section 303A.12(a) of the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE) Listed Company Manual, on June 19, 2018, the Company’s Chief Executive Officer submitted to the NYSE the annual CEO certification regarding the Company’s compliance with the NYSE’s corporate governance listing standards. Report on Form 10-K Stockholders may obtain a copy of the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission free of charge (except for exhibits) by writing to the Secretary, Alexander’s, Inc., 888 Seventh Avenue, New York, New York, 10019 or by visiting the Company’s website at www.alx-inc.com and referring to the Company’s SEC Filings. m Stock Listing New York Stock Exchange – ALX 

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