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FY2017 Annual Report · Allianz
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 Annual Report 2017
Saving More Lives

Autoliv Annual Report 2017

Content

02  Who We Are, What We Do

03 

04 

06 

08 

12  

13  

14 

16 

18 

20 

2017 in Summary

President’s Letter

Products

Segments

Significant Launches

Financial Targets

Strategies

People

Shareholders

Leadership

The world’s  
largest automotive 
safety supplier

A utoliv is the world’s largest auto-

motive safety supplier, with sales 
to all the leading car manufactur-
ers in the world. Guided by our vi-
sion of Saving More Lives, we develop prod-
ucts that save over 30,000 lives each year.

Autoliv’s  mission  is  to  be  the  leading 
supplier  of  safety  systems  for  the  future 
car, well integrated with autonomous driving. 
Autoliv  operates  through  two  seg-
ments, Passive Safety and Electronics. As a 
worldwide leader, Passive Safety develops, 
manufactures and markets protective sys-
tems, such as airbags, seatbelts, steering 
wheels and pedestrian protection systems.

With  one  of  the  world’s  broadest  safety 
electronics  product  ranges,  Electronics 
develops,  manufactures  and  markets  re-
straint control systems, brake systems, and 
active  safety  sensors,  such  as  radar,  lidar, 
mono, stereo and night vision cameras, as 
well as ADAS and autonomous driving soft-
ware.

We challenge ourselves to continuously 
focus  on  what  is  important:  Consistency 
and  quality  for  our  customers,  confidence 
and  security  for  our  employees,  stability 
and growth for our shareholders, and being 
sustainable  and  earning  trust  within  our 
communities. 

HEADQUARTERS  
Stockholm, Sweden

INCORPORATED  
Delaware, United States

SEGMENTS 
Passive Safety and Electronics

ASSOCIATES

OPERATIONS IN

>72,000

worldwide

27

countries

TECH CENTER LOCATIONS

CRASH TEST TRACKS

23

worldwide

LIVES SAVED

>30,000

per year

19

worldwide

CAR BRANDS

 100

worldwide

02

2017 in Summary

$10.4bn 

Net Sales

$17bn 

Order Intake,  
Life-Time Sales*

38% 

Market Share Passive Safety 

$366m 

Direct Shareholder Returns

$936m 

Operational Cash Flow

5.1%

Productivity Gains YoY

*Expected Life-time awarded gross program revenues, based on expected volumes and pricing.

EUROPE

32%

OF SALES

Autoliv locations

AMERICAS

31%

OF SALES

Sales 2017

REST OF ASIA

9%

OF SALES

Domestic 
Chinese 
OEM's

13%

10%

10%

10%

8%

8%

6%

6%

6%

4% 4%

3% 2%
2%

2%

JAPAN

10%

OF SALES

CHINA

18%

OF SALES

Others

03

6%Dear Shareholder

"We are proud of what we have 

achieved so far, and we are ready 

for the next chapter."

F or  more  than  two  decades, 

the  Autoliv  team  has  worked 
to  build  our  position  as  the 
leader  in  automotive  safety. 
Quality has been our top pri-
ority, and we have invested in our peo-
ple, in R,D&E for technology leadership 
and,  step-by-step,  we  have  optimized 
our  operations.  Our  focused  approach 
has  led  to  a  38%  and  growing  market 
share in Passive Safety, while Electronics 
has  grown  to  become  a  distinct  busi-
ness  of  more  than  $2  billion.  We  are 
now ready to take the next step, creating 
two great companies out of one. We are 
preparing  to  spin-off  the  Electronics 
business  as  a  stock-listed  company 
under  the  name  Veoneer  during  the 
third quarter of this year. 

In 2017, our focus on execution re-
sulted  in  the  highest  sales  and  gross 
profit  for  any  year  in  the  company’s 
history.  Sales  grew  by  more  than  3% 
approaching  $10.4  billion,  and  order 
intake was at record highs for both our 
business segments. It was a year of solid 
results,  allowing  for  investments  for 
the  future.  Full-year  operating  margin 
was  virtually  unchanged  as  we  invest-
ed  $90  million  more  in  research  and 
development  than  the  previous  year. 

This  positions  us  to  deliver  on  record 
new  orders  and  simultaneously,  invest 
in long-term development, particularly 
in our Electronics business. In Passive 
Safety,  we  have  noted  order  intake  of 
around 50% or more over the past three 
years and, in active safety, we have had 
record  order  intake  for  two  consecu-
tive years. It is satisfying to see that our 
strategy  to  invest  in  R&D  is  paying-off 
and that we can count four customers 
for our vision solution, up from only one 
two years ago. We further noted record 
operating cash flow of $936 million.

Our ambition is to always be share-
holder  friendly,  and  during  2017  we 
directly  returned  $366  million  to  our 
shareholders.  Out  of  this  amount, 
$209  million  was 
through  regular 
dividends  and  $157  million  through 
share  repurchases.  During  the  year, 
Autoliv  stock  appreciated  in  value  by 
12%  and  closed  on  $127.08  on  De-
cember  29,  2017  (for  the  Swedish  de-
pository  receipts  the  corresponding 
figures  were  2%  and  SEK  1047.00). 

Quality

Over the  past years, the  number of re-
calls  in  the  automotive  industry  have 
reached a record high, negatively affect-

ing  companies,  and  unfortunately  also 
leading to tragic loss of lives. At Autoliv, 
quality has always been the number one 
priority  and  it  will  continue  to  be  so  in 
the  future.  In  2017,  most  of  our  quality 
metrics  improved  further:  With  a  38% 
market  share  in  Passive  Safety,  Autoliv 
has been involved in only 2% of the re-
calls since 2010. We continue to work on 
improving all aspects of quality through 
our Q5 program of quality in all dimen-
sions:  Customer,  product,  supplier, 
growth and behavior.

Capital Markets Day

In September, in connection to our Capital 
Markets Day in Frankfurt, Germany, we 
first announced the intent to create two 
companies of Autoliv’s current business 
segments.  The  process  is  expected  to 
be concluded in the third quarter of this 
year, with the Electronics business be-
ing spun-off under the name Veoneer.

During  the  Capital  Markets  Day,  fi-
nancial targets for the segments as two 
stand-alone  companies  in  2020  were 
communicated.  Under  these  assump-
tions,  we  anticipate  the  Passive  Safety 
business  to  grow  by  8%  annually  from 
2017  to  2020,  leading  to  a  business  of 
more  than  $10  billion  in  2020  with  an 

Autoliv 2017

Electronics

Passive Safety

04

Autonomous driving  
software joint venture  
Zenuity starts operations 

~50% or more passive  
safety industry order  
wins in 2015 to 2017

Teaming up with  
NVIDIA to develop  
platform for  
self-driving cars  

New concept: The  
Life Cell airbag provides  
protection regardless  
of seating position

 
adjusted  operating  margin  of  around 
13%.  For  the  Electronics  business,  we 
anticipate  10%  annual  growth,  leading 
to a business of around $3 billion, from 
which  more  than  $1  billion  will  come 
from active safety, and an adjusted oper-
ating margin in the range of 0-5% in the 
same time period.

We further indicated targets for 2022: 
We expect the Passive Safety business to 
at least hold its 2020 market share and 
to grow at least 1% above the growth in 
light  vehicle  production,  while  at  least 
holding  the  expected  2020  adjusted  op-
erating  margin.  For  Electronics,  we  ex-
pect 2022 sales of around $4 billion, with 
more than $2 billion coming from active 
safety, and at an improved adjusted oper-
ating margin from the 2020 level.

we  successfully  brought  cutting-edge 
competence in several areas to our com-
pany.

Most significant was the start of op-
erations of Zenuity, the system software 
joint venture formed with Volvo Cars. At 
the end of 2017, Zenuity had a workforce 
of  more  than  500  highly  skilled  profes-
sionals,  primarily  in  software  develop-
ment, and the company is well on track 
to deliver its first ADAS systems software 
solution in 2019, followed by an autono-
mous  driving  solution  in  2021.  We  look 
forward to building Veoneer into a com-
pany  and  brand  synonymous  with  lead-
ership  in  automotive  electronics,  active 
safety,  ADAS  and  autonomous  driving, 
while  continuing  to  build  passive  safety 
leadership in a renewed, focused Autoliv.

Initiative to create two companies

Sustainability

Autoliv is present in two different market 
segments that are increasingly divergent. 
The passive safety market (seatbelts and 
airbags)  is  characterized  by  relatively 
stable growth, closely correlated to glob-
al light vehicle production. The electron-
ics market is, by contrast, characterized 
particularly  in  active  safety,  by  change, 
rapid growth, a high pace of innovation, 
software-based competencies, and high 
upfront investments connected to future 
growth.  Our  belief  is  that  these  market 
characteristics  partially  attract  different 
investor  bases,  and  our  current  plan  is 
that during the third quarter 2018, Autoliv 
will become two stock-listed companies: 
Autoliv, which will retain the current pas-
sive safety business, and Veoneer, which 
will  be  a  leader  in  automotive  electron-
ics, and the most dedicated active safety 
company in the market. 

The automotive industry is becoming 
increasingly  collaborative  in  nature.  No 
individual  company  can  develop  every-
thing  needed  for  the  next  generation  of 
more automated and intelligent vehicles 
by itself. Partnering is becoming increas-
ingly  important  for  Autoliv,  and  in  2017 

During 2017, we continued to strengthen 
our Sustainability Program and delivered 
on our commitment to saving more lives. 
Autoliv  contributes  to  society  and  sus-
tainability  through  its  products,  which 
save over 30,000 lives a year, and prevent 
countless more injuries. Our vision sup-
ports  the  UN  Sustainable  Development 
Goal  #3:  Good  health  and  well-being, 
focused  on  reducing  global  deaths  and 
injuries  from  road  traffic  accidents  by 
50%.  A  solid  sustainability  governance 
structure has been set, assigning the ul-
timate responsibility for sustainability to 
the Board of Directors.

Looking at 2018

Our indication for the full year 2018 is for 
strong organic sales growth of more than 
7% for the company, which compares fa-
vorably with the expected growth of light 
vehicle  production  of  2%.  The  growth 
is  a  result  of  the  strong  order  intake  in 
passive safety in previous years, and we 
expect  the  Passive  Safety  segment  to 
grow  by  more  than  10%  organically  in 
the year. The Electronics segment is in a 
transition period, and we expect negative  

Autoliv Annual Report 2017  / President's Letter

organic  growth  for  the  year  of  around 
3%. For Autoliv, we further expect an ad-
justed operating margin of around 9% for 
the full year under the current operating 
structure.

Twenty-four  years  ago,  Autoliv  was 
introduced to the stock market as a spin-
off from Electrolux. Now, we are ready to 
repeat the process and spin-off a part of 
Autoliv,  creating  Veoneer,  which  will  be 
a  strong  leader  in  automotive  electron-
ics.  This  is  a  tremendous  development 
achieved  through  focus  on  technology 
and long-term investments. Growth and 
execution is in our DNA, and with a con-
tinued clear vision and strategy, we might 
be able to create the next new company 
even faster. 

We  are  ready  for  the  next  chapter, 
and I would like to take this opportunity 
to sincerely thank all Autoliv employees, 
shareholders and other stakeholders for 
strong support, dedication, and collabo-
ration.

Yours sincerely,

Jan Carlson
Chairman, President & CEO

Stockholm February 22, 2018

OUR STRATEGY TO STAY AHEAD  
US$ (Millions)
– INVEST FOR THE FUTURE 
US$ (Millions)

1,400

1,200

1,000

800

600

400

200

0

2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

CAPEX

RD&E

% ALV sales

%

16

14

12

10

8

6

4

2

0

05

Strengthened in LiDAR 
through acquisition of Fo-
tonic and agreement with  
Velodyne

Collaboration with  
Adient on seats for  
the future car

Collaboration with  
Seeing Machines for  
next-generation driver  
monitoring systems

The first elderly  
female crash test  
dummy introduced

Research  
collaboration with  
MIT AgeLab

Industry Pioneer in Occupant  
Protection and Accident Prevention 

Autoliv is an industry pioneer in automotive real-life safety with more than 
60 years of innovation. The way we innovate to develop and engineer solutions is a key 
differentiator that we believe sets us apart from our competitors.

Passive Safety

Electronics

NIGHT VISION 
Enhanced Perception  
in Total Darkness
Night Vision detects road users  
and animals at great distances  
independent and unaffected by  
light. The thermal sensor  
complements other sensors  
in challenging conditions such  
as fog, darkness or blinding  
headlights.

VISION 
An Extra Pair of Eyes
Vision sensors analyze  
and interpret the street scene even 
in complex scenarios using  
artificial intelligence. Vision is the 
lead sensor to complement the 
driver's attention for evasive  
braking or steering, or even  
taking over the driving task  
for higher levels of  
autonomy. 

PEDESTRIAN AIRBAGS  
AND HOOD LIFTERS 
Protect Pedestrians
When pedestrians are involved in  
traffic accidents, severe or fatal injuries  
are often the result. An active hood-lifter  
and/or an outside pedestrian  
protection airbag aims to reduce the  
severity of pedestrian head injuries  
in case of an pedestrian-vehicle  
accident. 

DRIVER  
MONITORING SYSTEMS 
Detects Driver Distraction, 
Emotions and Reactions
By measuring eye gaze and head  
position, driver attention and fatigue  
plus facial expression, driver  
monitoring systems can invoke  
action to maintain driver attention  
in both manual and  
autonomous driving  
situations. 

STEERING WHEELS 
With the Lives of  
Others in Your Hands
Autoliv is a leader in steering 
wheels. Some have an inte-
grated functionality to alert  
the driver of dangerous  
situations.

RADAR & LIDAR 
Multimodal Detection  
and Ranging
Radar and Lidar can detect distance,  
velocity and angle with high precision. 
Mounted in the periphery of the vehicle, 
these sensors can detect objects ahead, 
behind or to the sides to evade threats and 
make the drive more comfortable. Lidar  
can also classify objects, detect lane  
markings, and may also be used to  
accurately position an autonomous  
vehicle relative to a high  
definition map. 

AIRBAGS 
Reduce Injuries
In frontal crashes, driver airbags  
reduce driver fatalities by 29%,  
driver airbag and seatbelt together 
reduce fatalities by 61%. Furthermore, 
driver airbags reduce severe injuries  
by 32%. Autoliv offers frontal,  
knee, side, curtain and front  
center airbags.

06

07

Industry Pioneer in Occupant  

Protection and Accident Prevention 

SIDE-CURTAIN AIRBAGS 
Reduce Head Injuries
In near-side crashes, curtain  
and torso airbags together  
reduce fatalities by 31% for  
vehicle occupants on the  
side of impact.

ROADSCAPE 
Knows the Road Ahead
Roadscape provides context of  
the road ahead, so that the vehicle 
knows what to expect even before 
the driver. Precise positioning,  
digital mapping, and delivery  
of data via the cloud are key  
enablers to help vehicles 
 see the road ahead.

CHILD SEATS 
Protect Children
An integrated booster cushion 
and specially designed seatbelt 
offer a vehicle system solution 
that improves the comfort  
and safety of children while 
reducing risk of misuse.

ADAS ECU & AUTONOMY ECUs 
A Supporting Brain
In Advanced Driver Assist Systems  
(ADAS) and Autonomous Driving (AD), the  
ECU is the interface between the sensors and 
the actuators on a vehicle. The ADAS/AD ECU 
is the “brain” that fuses data from cameras, 
radars and other sensors on different levels 
to build up a surrounding map, interpret the 
situation and take action. In Advanced Driver 
Assist Systems (ADAS), this may be  
emergency braking or lane keeping; in  
Autonomous Driving (AD), this can  
be Highway Pilot. 

Autoliv Annual Report 2017  / Products 

BRAKE SYSTEMS 
Optimum Braking
Brake actuation and  
control systems use sensors to  
apply the correct braking pressure  
for a given condition. They also  
offer electronic stability control,  
anti-locking brakes and  
traction control  
systems.

PYRO SWITCH 
Stop the Fire
Autoliv has developed two  
devices to stop potential fires  
from developing: An automatic  
bolt-release that can cut the  
power connection during a crash,  
and a pyro safety switch that  
can disconnect or cut the  
power after an  
accident.

SEATBELTS 
Top Life-Saving Device
The seatbelt is the top 
 life-saving device. It reduces 
fatalities in passenger cars for 
all types of crashes by 45%. 
Seatbelts also reduce  
moderate and severe  
injuries by 45%.

RESTRAINT  
CONTROL SYSTEMS (RCS) 
When Accidents are  
Unavoidable
The ECU monitors multiple impact  
and ADAS/AS sensors, triggering  
pre-crash and in-crash occupant  
protection when it judges a collision  
is inevitable. Critical crash information 
is sent over e-call to emergency 
services and recorded for 
post-crash analysis.

06

07

Passive Safety 

will continue under the Autoliv brand

A s  a  global  leader,  our  Passive 

Safety business develops, man-
ufactures and markets airbags, 
seatbelts  and  steering  wheels. 
Due to our relentless focus on quality, only 
around 2% of passive safety-related vehi-
cle  recalls  since  2010  have  been  related 
to  Autoliv,  while  our  market  share  was 
38% in 2017. We estimate that our global 
share of order wins was around or more 
than  50%  for  the  third  consecutive  year. 

2017 development
In 2017, sales grew by around 3% to $8.1 
billion,  generating  an  operating  profit  of 
$833  million.  Sales  growth,  excluding 
currency  translation  effects,  was  in  line 
with  the  global  light  vehicle  production. 
The sales growth was strong in all major 
regions, except North America and South 
Korea,  largely  due  to  sales  of  high-end 
steering wheels and advanced seatbelts. 
The  operating  margin  was  positively  in-
fluenced by improved operating efficien-
cies  and  operating  leverage  on  organic 
sales growth and vertical integration. Our 

hard  work,  cost  control  and  efficiency 
improvements paid-off. In 2017, we made 
significant  investments  in  new  production 
lines  to  manage  the  early  phase  of  the 
product launch wave. 

Passive  Safety  is  organized  into  geo-
graphies:  Europe,  North  America,  South 
America, China, South Korea, Japan and 
Southeast  Asia,  and  India.  Autoliv  holds 
leading  market  positions  in  all  regions, 
with market shares of between 30% and 
50%. 

During  2017,  Autoliv  announced  a 
collaboration  with  Adient,  the  world’s 
leading  automotive  seating  supplier,  to 
address  opportunities  presented  by  the 
future car and autonomous driving. 

Autoliv  participates  in  the  European 
H2020  SENIORS  project,  aiming  at  im-
proving safety for the elderly population.

After  the  anticipated  spin-off  of  the 
Electronics  segment  during  the  third 
quarter of 2018, Autoliv’s current Passive 
Safety  segment  will  continue  to  operate 
under the Autoliv brand.

Markets
The  passive  safety  market  is  expected 
to  grow  approximately  4%  per  year  from 
2017 to 2020, which is about 2 times light 
vehicle  production  (LVP),  mainly  due  to 
increased  passive  safety  content  per  ve-
hicle (CPV) in growth markets. LVP has in-
creased at an average annual growth rate 
of close to 3% over the last two decades. 
Almost all growth in the next three years is 
expected to take place in growth markets, 
such as China and India, where CPV is sig-
nificantly lower than in mature markets. 

By  continuously  developing  and  in-
troducing  new  technologies  with  higher 
value-added  features  Autoliv  increases 
its  market  share.  In  growth  markets,  in-
creased installation rates are expected to 
support CPV growth and gradually reduce 
the CPV gap with mature markets.

“With quality as our top priority and in close 
collaboration with our customers, we drive  
innovation for real-life safety.”

Mikael Bratt
President Passive Safety, Autoliv

08

09

Autoliv Annual Report 2017  / Segments

MARKET BY REGION 3)
US$ (Billions)

2017 CONTENT PER VEHICLE 3)
US$ per vehicle

~$21B

3.3

4.6

~1.2
2.1

4.0

5.5

~6%

~7%

~2%
~1%

~4%

~4%

~$24B

3.9

Other

5.6

1.2
2.2

4.5

6.2

China

S. Korea
Japan

Western 
Europe

North 
America

Growth2)
Markets

Developed1)
Markets

400

300

200

100

0

Average:~$220

NA

WEU

EEU

Japan

China

SA

India

3) Company estimates. Includes seatbelts, airbags, steering wheels 
and pedestrian safety. 

LIGHT VEHICLE PRODUCTION
In million units  
Source: IHS January 16, 2018

~92M

~98M

6%

3%

-2%

-2%

0%

1%

Other

China

S. Korea
Japan
Western 
Europe

North 
America

Growth2)
Markets

Developed1) 
Markets

2017

CAGR

2020

2017

CAGR

2020

1) Developed Markets (Western Europe, Japan, North America, 
South Korea).  
2) Growth Markets (Eastern Europe, China, Rest of Asia, South 
America, Middle East/Africa).

1) Developed Markets (Western Europe, Japan, North America, 
South Korea).  
2) Growth Markets (Eastern Europe, China, Rest of Asia, South 
America, Middle East/Africa). 
3) Company estimates. Includes seatbelts, airbags, steering wheels 
and pedestrian safety.

SALES
Million

OPERATING INCOME
US$ (Millions)

PASSIVE SAFETY SHARE OF GROUP SALES IN % 

$ 7,621
2015

$ 7,919
2016

$ 8,135
2017

HEADCOUNT

2015

2016

2017

59,900

63,100

64,100

1,000

800

600

400

200

0

%

15

13

11

9

7

5

51%

51%

27%

27%

5%

7%

5%

7%

10%

10%

Airbags (incl. steering wheels)

Airbags (incl. steering wheels)

Seatbelts

Seatbelts

Restraint Control Systems  

Restraint Control Systems  

Active Safety Products

Active Safety Products

Brake Control Systems

Brake Control Systems

2016

2017

Operating income

% Margin

CUSTOMERS 2017 
Every major OEM in the world

Product range 

Market share

Share of  
segment sales

Main competitors

Side airbags 

Frontal airbags

Seatbelts

Steering Wheels

~ 48%  

~ 30%

~ 39%

~ 31%

31%

19%

34%

12%

Key Safety Systems  
(Takata)
Toyoda Gosei
ZF

Financial targets:

The target for Passive Safety as a  
stand-alone entity, is to surpass  
$10 billion in sales in 2020,  
reaching an adjusted operating  
margin of around 13%.

08

09

 
 
 
Electronics

to be named Veoneer after the planned spin-off

E lectronics has a unique combina-

tion of engineering hardware and 
software expertise and one of the 
broadest  product  portfolio’s  in 
the industry, incorporating restraint con-
trol systems (RCS), active safety systems 
(radars, night vision, cameras with driver 
assist  systems  and  positioning  systems) 
and  brake  systems.  Our  quality  focused 
heritage in Electronics is seen in the less 
than one percent share of electronics re-
lated recalls involving our products since 
2010. 

Electronics has about 7,500 employees, 
of which 48% are in the R,D&E organization.

2017 development 
In 2017, sales grew by close to 5% to $2.3 
billion,  generating  an  underlying  operat-
ing  profit,  excluding  goodwill  impairment 
charges,  of  $54  million.  Sales  growth 
was  driven  primarily  by  an  organic  sales 
increase  for  Active  Safety  and  acquisition 
effects,  while  the  underlying  margin  was 
negatively impacted by higher investments 
in R,D&E in support of our growth strategy 
partly offset by improved gross margin.  

With  the  pace  of  innovation  accel-
erating,  Electronics  entered  several 
technology 
to  strengthen 
cooperations 

capacity  and  product  offering  within  Ad-
vanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS) 
and  Autonomous  Driving  (AD),  includ-
ing  decision  making  software  through 
our  joint-venture  Zenuity,  Driver  Moni-
toring  Systems  with  Seeing  Machines, 
research  agreement  with  MIT  AgeLab 
focused  on  human-centered  Artificial 
Intelligence,  Velodyne  for  LiDAR  solu-
tions  and  NVIDIA,  together  with  Zenuity,  
for  AI  computing  platforms.  Additionally, 
Electronics further strengthened its LiDAR 
and  Time-of-Flight  camera  competence 
by  acquiring  Fotonic  I  Norden  dp  AB.  
Zenuity in turn has also broadened its ca-
pabilities through cooperation with Erics-
son for cloud solutions, and with TomTom 
for HD mapping solutions. 

investments 

In  addition  to  building  a  team  of  500 
software  engieers  in  our  JV  Zenuity,  we 
made  significant 
in  our 
product development and application en-
gineering  capacity  by  recruiting  800  new 
engineers, with a key focus on vision and 
software  development.  Several  new  key 
orders were announced, comprising mul-
tiple active safety products such as 77GHz 
radars, vision cameras and LiDAR. 

In  December,  the  Autoliv  Board  of 
Directors  announced  that  the  company 

prepares  a  spin-off  of  its  Electronics 
segment,  creating  a  new,  independent 
publicly traded company during the third 
quarter  of  2018.  The  company  is  to  be 
named Veoneer.

Markets
The  market  for  Electronics  is  expected 
to  grow  by  a  CAGR  of  11%  from  2017  to 
2020.  Active  Safety  is  one  of  the  fastest 
growing areas and it is expected to grow 
at an annual rate of around 31% between 
2017 and 2020, driven by increased pen-
etration  of  ADAS  mainly  in  Europe  and 
North  America.  The  growth  rate  for  re-
straint  control  systems  and  brake  sys-
tems  is  expected  around  0.5%  and  4%, 
respectively.  The  RCS  and  brake  system 
markets are mainly driven by the Growth 
Markets,  particularly  China.  To  improve 
the performance of RCS and Brake sys-
tems, we can anticipate further integra-
tion  of  restraint  and  brake  systems  with 
active  safety  controllers.  This  will  allow 
the RCS and brake system to take advan-
tage of the information gathered from the 
active safety sensors as well as reducing 
the complexity of the future car.

“With record order intake, solid operational  
performance and strengthened engineering  
capacity, I see a promising future.”
Johan Löfvenholm 
President Electronics, Autoliv

10

11

 
Autoliv Annual Report 2017  / Segments

MARKET BY PRODUCT 1)
US$ (Billions)

2017 ACTIVE SAFETY CONTENT PER VEHICLE 1)
US$ per vehicle

SALES
Million

~$28B

13.1

3.8

11.1

~$20B

~4%

11.6

3.8

4.8

~0.5%

~32%

2017

CAGR

2020

Active Safety

Restraint Controls

Brake Systems

100

50

0

Japan

NA

WEU

EEU

China

SA

India

HEADCOUNT

2015

2016

2017

4,100

6,800

7,500

1) Company estimates. Includes radars, night vision, front view 
mono and stereo vision cameras, ADAS ECU’s, LiDAR, airbag 
control modules, remote sensing units and brake systems.

1) Company estimates. Includes radars, LiDAR, night vision, front 
view mono and stereo vision cameras and ADAS ECU’s.

$ 1,589
2015

$ 2,216
2016

$ 2,322
2017

Average:~$50

OPERATING INCOME
US$ (Millions)

51%

51%

100

80

60

40

27%

27%

Airbags (incl. steering wheels)

Airbags (incl. steering wheels)
Seatbelts

20
Seatbelts

0

2016

2017

Operating income

% Margin

%

10

8

6

4

2

0

ELECTRONICS SHARE OF GROUP SALES IN %

5%

7%

5%

7%

10%

10%

Restraint Control Systems  

Active Safety Products

Restraint Control Systems  

Active Safety Products

Brake Control Systems

Brake Control Systems

CUSTOMERS 2017

20 OEM customers

10

11

Product range 

Market share

Shares of 
segment sales Main competitors

Restraint Control Systems

~ 25%

Active Safety

Brake Systems

~ 15%

~ 4%

44%

35%

21%

Aptiv (former Delphi), Bosch,  
Continental, Denso, Intel, Magna,  
Mando, Mobis, Valeo, ZF

Financial targets:

Target for Electronics as a stand-alone 
entity, is expected to reach $3 billion in 
sales in 2020, with an adjusted operating 
margin of 0-5%.

 
 
Financial Targets

Autoliv Annual Report 2017  / Significant Launches

Our Major Launches 2017

Due to our technological leadership and superior global footprint,  
our diversified customer base includes virtually every vehicle  
manufacturer in the world. This has also allowed Autoliv to gain market  
share with growing customers.

Jeep Compass

Tesla Model 3

Mercedes E-Class Coupé/Cab

Honda Accord

WEY VV7C / VV7S

Mercedes S-Class

Volvo XC60 

Genesis G70

Honda Odyssey

Jeep Compass: Driver airbag with  
steering wheel, inflatable curtain, seat-
belt with pretensioner and radar system.

Tesla Model 3: Passenger airbag, side 
airbag, knee airbag, inflatable curtain 
and seatbelt with pretensioner.

Honda Accord: Passenger airbag, side 
airbag, seatbelt with pretensioner, brake 
system and radar system.

Mercedes S-Class: Radar system,  
mono & stereo camera system, night 
vision camera, ADAS ECU, active  
seatbelt with pretensioner, belt-bag  
and cable cutter.

WEY VV7C / VV7S: Driver airbag with 
steering wheel, passenger airbag, side 
airbag, inflatable curtain, seatbelt with 
pretensioner and safety electronics.

Volvo XC60: Driver airbag with steering 
wheel, active seatbelt with pretensioner, 
cable cutters, child seats and safety 
electronics.

Mercedes E-Class Coupé/Cab: Driver 
airbag with steering wheel, passenger 
airbag, knee airbag, active seatbelt with 
pretensioner, ADAS ECU, radar and 
camera system. 

Genesis G70: Driver airbag, passenger 
airbag, knee airbag, side airbag, inflat-
able curtain, seatbelt with pretensioner 
and safety electronics.

Honda Odyssey: Passenger airbag, knee 
airbag, side airbag, inflatable curtain, seat-
belt with pretensioner and radar system.

12

 
Autoliv Annual Report 2017  / Financial Targets

Financial Targets

Autoliv's long-term targets reflect the key  
performance measures through which we execute our 
key strategies. The targets cover the areas of sales 
growth, capital structure, sustainable margins and 
earnings growth. 

Organic Sales
Grow at least in line with our market.
(Non-U.S. GAAP measure).

Operating Margin
8–9% over the business cycles  
(Non-U.S. GAAP measure, excluding 
antitrust matters and goodwill  
impairment).

Earnings Per Share
Grow adjusted EPS* faster than 
organic sales growth.
(Non-U.S. GAAP measure excluding  
antitrust matters and goodwill 
impairment).

Leverage Ratio

Around 1 time within the range of 0.5 
to 1.5 times. 
(Non-U.S. GAAP measure).

Automotive safety market growth, % 
Organic sales growth, %

Long-term target, %

Organic sales growth, % 
Adjusted EPS growth, %

Long-term target
Target range

15

10

5

0

2013

2014

2015

2016 2017

14
12
10
8
6
4
2
0

25

15

5

-5

-15

-25

2,0

1,5

1,0

0,5

0,0

2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

In 2017, Autoliv's organic sales in-
creased by 1.5%*, compared to an 
underlying automotive safety market 
that grew by 3.2%. Sales growth was 
particularly strong in Europe, Japan, 
China and India.

Autoliv achieved an adjusted operating 
margin* within the long-term target 
range. This was achieved despite  sep-
aration costs and higher investments 
in R,D&E.

In 2017, adjusted EPS (excluding 
antitrust related costs and goodwill 
impairment) declined by 5%*. The 
main negative items affecting EPS 
were our share of the equity method 
loss in Zenuity and separation costs 
partly offset by lower tax and higher 
operating income.

During 2017, Autoliv’s net debt posi-
tion increased by $66 million to $379 
million, mainly due to total share-
holder returns of $366 million and 
investments in Zenuity. The 2017 net 
debt position corresponds to a lever-
age ratio of 0.5*. 

* Non-U.S. GAAP Performance measure. See "Non-U.S. GAAP Performance Measures" in the Company's 2017 Annual Report on Form 10-K.

13

Our Strategies

In addition to our vision of Saving More Lives, Autoliv’s ambition is to  
create value for our main stakeholders: Our owners and creditors, customers, 
business partners, employees and their families, and society.

Quality is a top priority

A utoliv  has  a  relentless  focus  on 

quality and implements its quality 
strategy  through  the  Q5  program, 
which shapes a proactive quality culture of 
zero  defects.  The  Q5  program  addresses 
quality  in  five  dimensions:  Customers, 

products,  suppliers,  growth  and  behavior. 
In  2017,  the  journey  continued  along  the 
way towards zero defects, and we see an 
improvement  in  the  number  of  zero  de-
fect lines. This was achieved through well 
defined  cross-functional  workshops  to 

eliminate potential defects, and an ongoing 
drive  to  empower  teams  with  a  proactive 
mindset. A vital part in this is the culture of 
Jidoka, where an operator who detects an 
abnormality can directly stop the line and 
allow for appropriate actions to be taken.  

AUTOLIV SHARE OF RECALLS
~180 M industry recalled since 2010

QUALITY IMPROVEMENT
Reduction of non-conforming events,  
reference year 2011

-56%

-49%

-39%

-40%

-42%

2%

14

Autoliv

Other

2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

  
Autoliv Annual Report 2017  / Strategies

One Product One Process  
drives reduction of cost and complexity

C omplexity  reduction 

is  key  
to  reduce  cost  and  increase 
robustness, resulting in higher 
customer satisfaction. 
Autoliv  One  Product  One  Process 
(1P1P)  strategy  has  accomplished 
complexity  reduction  by  higher  reuse 
of  parts,  resulting  in  reduction  of  the 
parts  needed  to  satisfy  customer  pro-
jects.  Over  the  past  3  years,  we  have 
reduced  the  number  of  parts  by  over 

10%,  despite  the  steady  increase  in 
number  of  customer  projects.  This 
progress  is  driven  by  cross-functional 
product  teams    with  the  authority  and 
responsibility to manage one or several 
product families with a global mindset 
in  product  design,  manufacturing  and 
supplier  management.  These  product 
teams  also  ensure  proper  usage  of 
the products in customer projects and 
manage transfer of product knowledge 

between customer projects. In 2017, we 
completed  the  establishment  of  such 
product teams for all products intended 
for global usage.

Our 1P1P strategy also drives a cul-
ture of sharing lessons learned globally, 
thereby further contributing to our work 
towards Zero Defects.  

Innovation - Real-life safety  
creates unique selling points

A utoliv  plays  an  active  role  in 

reducing  the  number  of  traf-
fic fatalities and injuries. The 
company’s work in the area is 
based on databases of real traffic acci-
dents and injuries as well as numerous 
crash tests, trials, simulations and the 
vast  expertise  gathered  by  its  special-
ists  over  many  years.  Autoliv’s  global 
research  team  is  based  in  Sweden, 
China and India.  

Corporate  development  projects  in 
Passive Safety are assigned to leading 
tech  centers  in  China,  France,  Ger-
many, Japan, South Korea, Sweden and 
the U.S. 

Electronics  development  projects 
are  carried  out  in  France,  Germany, 

Japan, Romania, Sweden and the U.S. 
Our  application  engineering  pro-
jects are completed at our tech centers 
in proximity to customers and in close 
cooperation  with  our  manufacturing 
operations.

During the year, Autoliv hired more 
than  1,000  engineers,  bringing  the 
number  of  engineers  working  in  the 
R,D&E department to nearly 9,000. 

NO. OF R,D&E ASSOCIATES

R,D&E Passive Safety

R,D&E Electronics

Other

Total

2017

5,300

3,600

100

9,000

R,D&E EXPENDITURES
US$ (Millions)

634

682

677

900

600

300

0

2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

Customer funded

Net expenditures

% of sales, gross

% of sales, net

974

%

10

817

8

6

4

2

0

15

 
Proud, Passionate People

Saving More Lives is the powerful vision that guides more than 
72,000 associates in 27 countries. Autoliv provides an international  
environment with varied work assignments and career paths.

T he  success  of  Autoliv  depends 

on  the  success  of  our  people, 
and  development  is  key  in  a 
highly  competitive  and  rapidly 
changing  environment.  An  important 
cornerstone of the development of each 
employee  is  the  ongoing  development 
dialog  between  the  team  member  and 
manager,  which  is  summarized  during 
an  annual  performance  and  develop-
ment dialog (PDD). During 2017, 99% of 

targeted  employees  conducted  a  PDD 
with their managers. To further support 
the  growth  of  our  employees,  Autoliv 
has  a  multitude  of  development  chan-
nels,  including  technical  and  special-
ist  career  paths,  international  assign-
ments,  and  development  programs.  In 
2017,  almost  11,000  people  attended 
one of the nine Group Common Learn-
ing  and  Development  Programs.  Ad-
ditionally,  we  launched  a  new  suite  of 

project management training programs 
to  support  the  significant  increase  in 
new projects related to new business.

NO. OF ASSOCIATES PER REGION

2017

Asia

Americas

21,400

19,600

Europe (incl. Africa, Russia and Turkey)

31,100

Total

72,100

HEADCOUNT

80,000

70,000

60,000

50,000

40,000

30,000

20,000

10,000

0

2007

2017

Best Cost Country

High Cost Country

LOCATIONS AND CAPABILITIES

Headcount

Tech center

Production

  Airbags

  Seatbelts

  Steering wheels

  Electronics

  Other 3)

Sales and support office

BRAZIL1)

CANADA

CHINA1)

ESTONIA1)

FRANCE GERMANY2) HUNGARY1)

INDIA1)

INDONESIA1)

ITALY

JAPAN MALAYSIA1,2)

POLAND1) ROMANIA1) RUSSIA1)

SPAIN

SWEDEN2) THAILAND1) TUNISIA1)

TURKEY1)

KINGDOM

USA2)

764

1,033

10,404

794

2,934

1,807

2,730

2,237

159

20

3,164

334

3,597

11,306

168

176

341

2,024

3,165

2,494

2,856

278

5,969

MEXICO1)

11,860

NETHER-

LANDS

9

PHILIP-

PINES1)

1,366

































































































































SOUTH 

AFRICA1)

SOUTH 

KOREA

881









































UNITED 

























1) Defined as a Best Cost Country.  
2) Includes headcount in non-consolidated joint ventures.  
3) Includes weaving and sewing of textile cushions, seatbelt webbing, inflators,  
     components for airbag and seatbelt products.

16

 
 
 
Autoliv Annual Report 2017  / Our People

The development of future 
leaders, experts, and specialists 
is a top priority at Autoliv

NO. OF ASSOCIATES PER REGION

2017

Asia

Americas

Total

Europe (incl. Africa, Russia and Turkey)

31,100

21,400

19,600

72,100

Headcount

Tech center

Production

  Airbags

  Seatbelts

  Steering wheels

  Electronics

  Other 3)

Sales and support office





























































































BRAZIL1)

CANADA

CHINA1)

ESTONIA1)

FRANCE GERMANY2) HUNGARY1)

INDIA1)

INDONESIA1)

ITALY

JAPAN MALAYSIA1,2)

764

1,033

10,404

794

2,934

1,807

2,730

2,237

159

20

3,164

334

MEXICO1)

11,860

NETHER-
LANDS

9

PHILIP-
PINES1)

1,366

POLAND1) ROMANIA1) RUSSIA1)

SOUTH 
AFRICA1)

SOUTH 
KOREA

SPAIN

SWEDEN2) THAILAND1) TUNISIA1)

TURKEY1)

UNITED 
KINGDOM

3,597

11,306

168

176

341

2,024

3,165

2,494

2,856

278













































881















































USA2)

5,969











17

 
 
 
Creating Shareholder Value

By creating customer satisfaction, maintaining tight cost control and 
developing new products, we generate cash for long-term growth, financial  
stability and competitive returns to our shareholders.

A utoliv has always had a strong 

cash flow and cash generation 
focus. Our operating cash flow 
has always exceeded our capital 
expenditures. On average, our operations 
have generated more than $821 million in 
cash per year over the last five years, while 
our capital expenditures, net, have averaged 
around $470 million per year during the 
same period. Since 1997, the Company has 
converted approximately 90% of its net income 
to free cash flow, meaning cash flow after 
capital expenditures.

Capital efficiency
Autoliv’s strong cash flow reflects both the 
Company’s earnings performance and its 
improvements in capital efficiency. During 
the 2013-2017 period, sales increased by 
around 18%, while our average annual capi-
tal employed increased by 31%. Therefore, 
our capital turnover rate has decreased by 
10% to 2.3 times (see graph).

Our cash flow model
When analyzing how best to use each year’s 
cash flow from operations, Autoliv’s Executive 
Management and the Board of Directors use 
a model for creating shareholder value that 
considers important variables, such as the 
marginal cost of borrowing, the return on 

marginal investments and the price of Autoliv  
shares (see cash flow illustration). When 
evaluating the various uses of cash, the need 
for flexibility is weighed against acquisitions 
and other potential settlements.

Investing in operations

To create long-term shareholder value, our 
policy is that cash flow from operations 
should only be used to finance investments 
in operations until the point when the return 
on investment no longer exceeds the cost of 
capital. Our historical pre-tax cost of capital 
has been approximately 12%. Autoliv’s pre-
tax return on capital employed has always 
exceeded this level, except during the finan-
cial crisis in 2008-2009. During the last five 
years, the return on capital employed has 
varied between 13% and 22%, meaning 1 to 
2 times the pre-tax cost of capital.

In 2017, $570 million was reinvested in 
the form of capital expenditures, net. This 
corresponded to 61% of the year’s operat-
ing cash flow of $936 million. It was also 
around 34% higher than depreciation and 
amortization due to our strong order intake 
and the need for additional manufacturing 
capacity, primarily in preparation for the 
planned increase in product launches in 
Passive Safety.

Acquisitions and investments in assets
In order to accelerate company growth and 
create shareholder value over time, we use 
some of the cash flow generated for acquisi-
tions and investments in assets, such as joint 
ventures and intellectual property. These are 
typically made to consolidate our position in 
the industry, increase our vertical integration 
or expand into new markets. In April 2017, 
we established the Zenuity joint venture, fo-
cused on ADAS and AD software, with Volvo 
Cars Corporation with a “buy-in” of around 
$125 million. We also acquired all shares in 
Fotonic I Norden dp AB.

Shareholder returns
Autoliv has historically used both dividend 
payments and share repurchases to create 
shareholder value, and we do not have a set 
dividend policy. Instead, the Board of Direc-
tors regularly analyzes which method is most 
effective in each instance in order to create 
shareholder value. During 2017, the quar-
terly dividend increased by $0.02, or more 
than 3%, to $0.60. In total, $209 million, or 
57%, of the year’s free cash flow was used to 
pay dividends to shareholders in 2017.

Historically, the dividend has represented 
a yield of approximately 2-3% in relation to 
Autoliv’s average share price. During 2017, 
this yield was 2.1%.

CASH FLOW VS. CAPEX
US$ (Millions)

CAPITAL TURNOVER RATE
Times, sales in relation to average capital employed

ASSETS BY CATEGORY
US$ (Millions)

3

2

1

0

5,000

4,000

3,000

2,000

1,000

0

08

09

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

Cash flow from operations
Capital expenditures, net

Operating working capital
Property, plant and equipment
Goodwill and other intangible assets

1,000

800

600

400

200

0

18

 
Repurchases of shares can create more 
value for shareholders than dividends if the 
share price appreciates over the long term. 
This has been the case for Autoliv, since the 
Company’s existing 15.8 million treasury 
shares have been repurchased at an average 
cost of $56.13 per share, while the closing 
price at the end of 2017 was $127.08. During 
2017, Autoliv repurchased 1.4 million shares 
at an average price of $109.08 per share, a 
total amount of $157 million, bringing the to-
tal shareholder return in 2017 to 366 million, 
up 79% compared with 2016. The remaining 
Board authorization is approximately 3.0 mil-
lion shares.

Capital structure
Our debt limitation policy is to maintain a 
financial leverage commensurate with a 
“strong investment grade credit rating” and 
our long-term target is to have a leverage 
ratio of around 1 time and to be within the 
range of 0.5 to 1.5 times (see link for defini-
tions). In addition to the above, the objective 
is to provide the Company with sufficient 
flexibility to manage the inherent risks and 
cyclicality in Autoliv’s business and allow 
the Company to realize strategic opportuni-
ties and fund growth initiatives while creat-
ing shareholder value. In 2017, Autoliv was 
within the range in the last three quarters. 
At December 31, 2017, the leverage ratio was 
0.5 times (non-US GAAP measure). Since 
December 2013, Autoliv has held a credit rat-
ing of “A- with stable outlook” from Standard 
& Poor’s. We aim at maintaining a strong 

SHAREHOLDER RETURNS
US$ (Millions) 

1,000

800

600

400

200

0

2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

Share buybacks
Dividend

IN                                                 OUT

2017

6
3
9

2016

8
6
8

  124

   227

CASH
FLOW

      921

02 

 6

             241                                 

 8

5

7

0

4

9
9

7

              37      4
2          902                 751 

Operations
Common stock issue
Change net debt and other

Total acquisitions, 
net of divestitures
Capital expenditures, net
Restructuring
Dividends paid
Share buybacks

investment grade rating as our current 
capital structure should provide flexibil-
ity to generate further shareholder returns 
and funding for the capital requirements of 
both business segments as well as provide 
the means for an eventual resolution of any 
antitrust-related matters, although the fi-
nancial impact on Autoliv is not yet possible 
to estimate.

Shareholder information 
Autoliv common stock is traded on the New 
York Stock Exchange ("NYSE") while Autoliv 
Swedish Depositary Receipts (SDRs) are 
traded on NASDAQ Stockholm’s list for large 
market cap companies. During 2017, the 
number of shares outstanding decreased by 
1.3 million to 87.0 million (excluding dilution 
and treasury shares). The weighted average 
number of shares outstanding for the full year 
2017, assuming dilution, was reduced to 87.8 
from 88.4 million in 2016.

Stock options (if exercised), granted re-
stricted Stock Units (RSUs) and Performance 
shares (PSs) could increase the number of 
shares outstanding by 0.7 million shares in 
total. Combined, this would add 0.8% to the 
Autoliv shares outstanding. On December 
31, 2017, 3.0 million shares were available 
for repurchase under the current Board au-

Autoliv Annual Report 2017  / Shareholders

thorization from 2014. On December 31, 2017, 
the Company had 15.8 million treasury shares.
Autoliv estimates that there were approxi-
mately 70,000 beneficial Autoliv owners as of 
December 31, 2017. Close to 22% of Autoliv’s 
securities were held by U.S.-based share-
holders and around 53% by Sweden-based 
shareholders. Most of the remaining Autoliv 
securities were held in the U.K., other Nordic 
countries, Central Europe, Japan and Canada.

THE LARGEST SHAREHOLDERS

%

No. of shares

Holder name1)

 9.4

 6.3

 4.5

 3.5

 3.5

 0.4

8,262,500 

Alecta Pension  
Insurance Mutual

5,529,279  AMF Pensionsförsäkring AB

3,925,627 

3,051,751  

3,043,978  

320,368

JPM Chase & Co

Första AP-Fonden

Swedbank Robur Fonder AB
Management/Directors 
 as a group2)

100.0

86,972,854

Total December 31, 2017

1) Known to the Company, of approximately 70,000 shareholders,
    as of December 31, 2017. 
2)  As of February 28, 2018. Includes 57,667 shares issuable upon 
exercise of options that are exercisable within 60 days, 70,973 
Restricted Stock Units (RSUs) and 32,956 Performance 
Shares (PSs), with RSUs and PSs each inclusive of accumu-
lated dividend equilalent shares.

DIVIDENDS

PERIOD

Q1 2017

Q2 2017

Q3 2017

Q4 2017

Q1 2016

Q2 2016

Q3 2016

Q4 2016

Dividend
declared

Dividend
paid

$0.60

$0.60

$0.60

$0.60

$0.58

$0.58

$0.58

$0.58

$0.58

$0.60

$0.60

$0.60

$0.56

$0.58

$0.58

$0.58

KEY STOCK PRICE DATA

NYSE

Price ($)

Date

First trading day

Year high

Year low

Closing
NASDAQ

113.90

129.61

96.27

127.08
Price (SEK)

First trading day

Year high

Year low

Closing

1,056.00

1,093.00

840.00

1,047.00

Jan 3, 2017

Dec 1, 2017 

April 13, 2017

Dec 29, 2017
Date

Jan 2, 2017

Dec 8, 2017

Aug 29, 2017

Dec 29, 2017

19

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
                
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
     
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Autoliv Annual Report 2017  / Board of Directors

Board of Directors

Leif Johansson
Born 1951. Director since February 2016. Nominated 
for re-election at 2018 Annual Meeting. Former Presi-
dent and CEO of The Volvo Group. Chairman of the Board 
of Telefonaktiebolaget L.M. Ericsson and Astra Zeneca 
PLC. Board member of Svenska Cellulosa AB SCA and  
Ecolean AB. Chairman of the Royal Swedish Academy 
of  Engineering  Science  and  delegate  of  the  China  
Development Forum. M.Sc.

Xiaozhi Liu
Born 1956. Director since 2011. Nominated for re-elec-
tion at 2018 Annual Meeting. CEO of ASL Automobile 
Science & Technology (Shanghai) Co., Ltd. Former 
Chairman of the Board of NeoTek China. Former Director 
of Viryd Technologies. Former CEO and Vice Chairman 
of Fuyao Glass Industry Group Co Ltd. Former Chairman 
and CEO of General Motors Taiwan. Former CTO and 
Chief Engineer of GM China. B.Sc., M.Sc., Ph.D.

James M. Ringler
Born 1945. Director since 2002. Nominated for re-elec-
tion at 2018 Annual Meeting. Former Vice Chairman of 
Illinois Tool Works Inc. Former Chairman, President and
CEO of Premark International, Inc. Chairman of Teradata
Corp. Director of DowDuPont, Inc., TechnipFMC plc and
JBT Corporation. B.Sc. and MBA.

Kazuhiko Sakamoto
Born 1945. Director since 2007. Nominated for re-election 
at 2018 Annual Meeting. Former President of Marubeni 
Construction Material Lease Co. Ltd, an affiliate of  
Marubeni Corporation, where he served as Counselor and 
Senior Corporate Advisor. Outside auditor of Zenitaka 
Corporation. Graduate of Keio University and partici-
pant in the Harvard University Research Institute for 
International Affairs.

David E. Kepler
Born 1952. Director since February 2015. Nominated for 
re-election at 2018 Annual Meeting. Former Executive Vice 
President, Chief Sustainability Officer and Chief Infor-
mation Officer of The Dow Chemical Company. Director 
of the Teradata Corporation and the TD Bank Group. 
Trustee of the University of California, Berkeley Foun-
dation. B.Sc.

Wolfgang Ziebart
Born 1950. Director since 2015. Nominated for re-elec-
tion at 2018 Annual Meeting. Former Director Group 
Engineering, Jaguar Land Rover. Former President and
CEO of Infineon Technologies AG. Former member of 
the executive boards of BMW AG and Continental AG. 
Chairman of the Supervisory Board of Nordex and mem-
ber of the Supervisory Board of ASML, Inc. Dr. Sc.

Franz-Josef Kortüm
Born 1950. Director since 2014. Nominated for re-elec-
tion at 2018 Annual Meeting. Former CEO of Webasto 
SE and Audi AG. Vice Chairman of the Supervisory Board 
of Webasto. Chairman of the Advisory Board of Brose 
GmbH. Member of the Supervisory Board of Wacker 
Chemie. Former Member of the Supervisory Board of 
Schaeffler AG. MBA-equivalent degree.

Jan Carlson
Born 1960. President and CEO. Chairman since May 
2014 and Director since 2007. Nominated for re-elec-
tion at 2018 Annual Meeting. Former Vice President 
Engineering. Former President of Autoliv Europe,  
Autoliv Electronics, and SAAB Combitech. Director of  
BorgWarner Inc. and Telefonaktiebolaget L.M.Ericsson. 
M.Sc.

Robert W. Alspaugh
Born 1947. Director since 2006. Nominated for re-elec-
tion at 2018 Annual Meeting. Former CEO of KPMG 
International. Former Deputy Chairman and COO of 
KPMG’s U.S. practice. Director of Ball Inc., Triton Inter-
national Ltd and Verifone Holdings. BBA.

New Board members as of March 2, 2018:
Mr. Hasse Johansson and Mr. Thaddeus “Ted” Senko.

20

Autoliv Annual Report 2017  / Executive Management

Executive Management Team

Thomas Jönsson
Group VP, Corporate  
Communications.  
Born 1966. Employed 2013.

Svante Mogefors
Group VP, Quality and  
Manufacturing. Born  
1955. Employed 1996.

Mats Backman
Chief Financial Officer  
and Group VP, Finance. 
Born 1968. Employed 2016.

Steven Fredin
Chief Technology Officer,  
Group VP, Business 
Development. Born 1962. 
Employed 1988.

Karin Eliasson
Group VP, Human  
Resources. Born 1961. 
Employed 2014.

Jan Carlson
Chairman, President  
& CEO. Born 1960.  
Employed 1999.

Lars Sjöbring
Group VP, Legal Affairs,
General Counsel and  
Secretary. Born 1967.
Employed 2015.

Johan Löfvenholm
President, Electronics.  
Born 1969.  
Employed 1995.

Mikael Bratt
President, Passive  
Safety. Born 1967.  
Employed 2016.

BOARD AND EXECUTIVE OWNERSHIP

NAME

SHARES1)

RSUS1)

PSS1)

SOS1)

TOTAL1)

NAME

SHARES1)

RSUS1)

PSS1)

SOS1)

TOTAL1)

Jan Carlson

 96,168 

 13,592.6829 

 9,485.6829 

 26,562 

 145,808.3659 

Jan Carlson 

 96,168 

 13,592.6829 

 9,485.6829 

 26,562 

 145,808.3659 

Robert W. Alspaugh

3,800

 1,173.9495 

Leif Johansson

David E. Kepler 

12,906

 1,173.9495 

1,740

 1,173.9495 

Franz-Josef Kortüm

2,047

 1,173.9495 

Xiaozhi Liu 

James M. Ringler

3,586

 1,173.9495 

4,883

 1,173.9495 

Kazuhiko Sakamoto

3,544

 1,173.9495 

Wolfgang Ziebart

1,906

 1,173.9495 

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

 2,913.9495 

 3,220.9495 

 4,759.9495 

 6,056.9495 

 4,717.9495 

 3,079.9495 

SUBTOTAL

 130,580 

 22,984.2789  

 9,485.6829 

 26,562 

 189,611.9619  

 4,973.9495 

Mats Backman

 331 

 5,059.2348 

 2,774.2348 

 14,079.9495 

Mikael Bratt

 331 

 5,059.2348 

 2,774.2348 

 –   

 –   

 8,164.4695 

 8,164.4695 

Karin Eliasson

Steven Fredin

 2,136 

 3,572.5022 

 2,545.5022 

 3,418 

 11,672.0044 

 6,778 

 4,988.2348 

 3,554.2348 

 9,362 

 24,682.4695 

Thomas Jönsson

 3,873 

 3,572.5022 

 2,545.5022 

 3,418 

 13,409.0044 

Johan Löfvenholm

 3,421 

 4,946.1601 

 3,177.1601 

 3,418 

 14,962.3203 

Svante Mogefors

 10,531 

 3,572.5022 

 2,545.5022 

 11,489 

 28,138.0044 

Lars Sjöbring

SUBTOTAL

 791 

 17,218.2348 

 3,554.2348 

 –   

 21,563.4695 

 124,360 

 61,581.2887 

 32,956.2887 

 57,667 

 276,564.5773 

GROSS TOTAL2)

 158,772 

 70,972.8847 

 32,956.2887 

 57,667 

 320,368.1733 

1)   Number of shares, restricted stock units (RSUs), performance shares (PSs) and stock options (SOs) as of February 28, 2018. For any changes thereafter please refer to Autoliv’s 
corporate website or each director’s or manager’s filings with the SEC. Insider filings are also made with Finansinspektionen (The Financial Supervisory Authority) in Sweden. 
Amounts for RSUs and PSs are inclusive of accumulated dividend equivalent shares. 

2)  Gross total for all listed directors and executives.
  For presentations of the Directors and the Executive Management Team, please refer to our filings, including our proxy statement, on file with the U.S. Securities and Exchange  
  Commission (SEC) and available at www.sec.gov or www.autoliv.com.

21

2018 PRELIMINARY FINANCIAL CALENDAR

DATE

April 27

May 8

July 20

October 26

EVENT

Financial Report Q1

Autoliv General Meeting, Chicago, IL, USA

Financial Report Q2

Financial Report Q3

Autoliv Annual Report 2017  / Contacts

Contacts  
and Calendar

AUTOLIV, INC.
Visiting address:  
Klarabergsviadukten 70, Section B, 7th Floor, 
Stockholm, Sweden  
Mail: P.O. Box 70381, SE-107 24 Stockholm, Sweden
Tel: +46 (0)8 587 20 600
E-mail: info@autoliv.com
www.autoliv.com

CONTACT INFORMATION BOARD AND  
CORPORATE COMPLIANCE COUNSEL
Autoliv, Inc., c/o Vice President Legal Affairs

P.O. Box 70381, SE-107 24 Stockholm, Sweden
Tel: +46 (0)8 587 20 600  
Fax: +46 (0)8 587 20 633
E-mail: legalaffairs@autoliv.com

The Board, the independent directors, and the committees of 
the Board can be contacted using the address above. Contact 
can be made anonymously and communication with the in-
dependent directors is not screened. The relevant chairman 
receives all such communication after it has been determined 
that the content represents a message to such chairman.

STOCK TRANSFER AGENT AND REGISTRAR
www.computershare.com

INVESTOR REQUESTS, EXCLUDING AMERICAS
Autoliv, Inc., P.O. Box 70381, SE-107 24, Stockholm, Sweden  
Tel: +46 (0)8 587 20 671
E-mail: anders.trapp@autoliv.com

INVESTOR REQUESTS, AMERICAS
Autoliv, Inc., c/o Autoliv Electronics America,  
26545 American Drive, Southfield, MI 48034  
Tel: +1 (248) 223 8107 
E-mail: ray.pekar@autoliv.com

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
Concept and Design: PCG Stockholm, Sweden
Photos: Lars Trangius, Christian Wyrwa, Dan Kullberg,  
Robert Casey, Johan Larsson and PlainPicture Ltd, Jason 
Loudermilk.

22

UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-K

ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE 
SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2017

Commission  file number: 001-12933

AUTOLIV, INC.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Delaware
(State  or other  jurisdiction  of
incorporation  or organization)

51-0378542
(I.R.S. Employer
Identification  No.)

Klarabergsviadukten  70, Section B7, SE-111 64
Box 70381, SE-107 24
Stockholm,  Sweden
(Address  of principal  executive  offices)

+46 8 587 20 600 
(Registrant’s  telephone  number, including  area  code)

Securities  registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title  of each  class:
Common Stock, par value $1.00 per share

Name  of each  exchange  on which  registered:
New York Stock Exchange

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known  seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities
Act.   Yes  ☒   No  ☐

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the
Act.    Yes  ☐   No  ☒

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant  (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange  Act 
of  1934  during  the  preceding  12  months  (or  for  such  shorter  period  that  the  registrant  was  required  to  file  such  reports);  and  (2)  has  been 
subject to such filing requirements  for the past 90 days.    Yes:  ☒   No:   ☐

Indicate  by check mark whether  the registrant  has submitted  electronically  and posted  on its corporate  Web site, if any, every Interactive  Data 
File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation  S-T (§ 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or 
for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files).    Yes:   ☒   No:   ☐

Indicate  by  check  mark  if  disclosure  of  delinquent  filers  pursuant  to  Item  405  of  Regulation  S-K  (§229.405  of  this  chapter)  is  not  contained 
herein,  and will not be contained,  to the best of registrant’s  knowledge,  in definitive  proxy  or information  statements incorporated  by reference 
in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment  to this Form 10-K.   ☒

Indicate  by  check  mark  whether  the  registrant  is  a  large  accelerated  filer,  an  accelerated  filer,  a  non-accelerated  filer,  smaller  reporting 
company or an emerging growth company.  See  the  definitions  of  “large  accelerated  filer,”  “accelerated  filer,”  “smaller  reporting  company” and 
“emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer

  ☒

Non-accelerated filer
Emerging growth company ☐

  ☐ (do not check if a smaller reporting company)

   Accelerated filer

   Smaller reporting company

  ☐

  ☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with 
any new or revised financial accounting standards pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Act).    Yes:  ☐   No:  ☒

The aggregate  market value of the voting and non-voting  common equity of Autoliv, Inc. held by non-affiliates  as of the last business day of the 
second fiscal quarter of 2017 amounted to $9,543 million.

Number of shares of Common Stock outstanding  as of February 14, 2018: 87,013,115.

Portions  of  the  registrant’s  definitive  Proxy  Statement  for  the  annual  stockholders’  meeting  to  be  held  on  May  8,  2018,  to  be  dated  on  or 
around March 26, 2018 (the “2018 Proxy Statement”),  are incorporated  by reference into Part III of this Annual Report on Form 10- K. The 2018 
Proxy Statement will be filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission  within 120 days after December 31, 2017.

DOCUMENTS  INCORPORATED  BY REFERENCE

Item 1.
Item 1A.
Item 1B.
Item 2.
Item 3.
Item 4.

Business
Risk Factors
Unresolved Staff Comments
Properties
Legal Proceedings
Mine Safety Disclosures

AUTOLIV, INC.

Index

PART I

PART II

Item 5. 
Item 6. 
Item 7. 
Item 7A.
Item 8. 
Item 9. 
Item 9A.
Item 9B.

Market for Registrant’s  Common Equity, Related Stockholder  Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities
Selected Financial Data
Management’s  Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
Quantitative  and Qualitative Disclosures  about Market Risk
Financial Statements and Supplementary  Data
Changes in and Disagreements  with Accountants  on Accounting  and Financial Disclosure
Controls and Procedures
Other Information

PART III

Item 10.
Item 11.
Item 12.
Item 13.
Item 14.

Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance
Executive Compensation
Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management  and Related Stockholder Matters
Certain Relationships  and Related Transactions,  and Director Independence
Principal Accounting  Fees and Services

Item 15.

Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules

PART IV

3
10
24
24
28
28

29
31
32
57
59
101
101
102

102
102
102
103
103

104

1

NOTE ABOUT FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

This  Annual  Report  on  Form  10-K  contains  statements  that  are  not  historical  facts  but  rather  forward-looking  statements  within  the 
meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Such forward-looking statements include those that address activities, 
events or developments that Autoliv, Inc. (“Autoliv,” the “Company” or “we”) or its management believes or anticipates may occur in the 
future. All forward-looking statements, including without limitation, statements regarding management’s examination of historical operating 
trends  and  data,  estimates  of  future  sales,  operating  margin,  cash  flow,  effective  tax  rate  or  other  future  operating  performance  or 
financial  results,  the  completion  and  timing  of  the  proposed  spin-off,  the  outlook  for  Passive  Safety  and  Electronics  as  separate 
businesses if the spin-off is completed, the expected strategic operational and competitive benefits of the proposed spin-off and the effect 
of  the  separation  on  Autoliv  and  its  stockholders  are  based  upon  our  current  expectations,  various  assumptions  and/or  data  available 
from third parties. Our expectations and assumptions are expressed in good faith and we believe there is a reasonable basis for them. 
However,  there  can  be  no  assurance  that  such  forward-looking  statements  will  materialize  or  prove  to  be  correct  as  forward-looking 
statements  are  inherently  subject  to  known  and  unknown  risks,  uncertainties  and  other  factors  which  may  cause  actual  future  results, 
performance or achievements to differ materially from the future results, performance or achievements expressed in or implied by such 
forward-looking statements.

In  some  cases,  you  can  identify  these  statements  by  forward-looking  words  such  as  “estimates,”  “expects,”  “anticipates,”  “projects,” 
“plans,”  “intends,”  “believes,”  “may,”  “likely,”  “might,”  “would,”  “should,”  “could,”  or  the  negative  of  these  terms  and  other  comparable 
terminology, although not all forward-looking statements contain such words.

Because these forward-looking statements involve risks and uncertainties, the outcome could differ materially from those set out in the 
forward-looking statements for a variety of reasons, including without limitation: changes in light vehicle production; fluctuation in vehicle 
production  schedules  for  which  the  Company  is  a  supplier;  changes  in  general  industry  and  market  conditions  or  regional  growth  or 
decline;  changes  in  and  the  successful  execution  of  our  capacity  alignment:  restructuring  and  cost  reduction  initiatives  and  the  market 
reaction  thereto;  loss  of  business  from  increased  competition;  higher  raw  material,  fuel  and  energy  costs;  changes  in  consumer  and 
customer  preferences  for  end  products;  customer  losses;  changes  in  regulatory  conditions;  customer  bankruptcies;  consolidations  or 
restructuring; or divestiture of customer brands; unfavorable fluctuations in currencies or interest rates among the various jurisdictions in 
which we operate; component shortages; market acceptance of our new products; costs or difficulties related to the integration of any new 
or  acquired  businesses  and  technologies;  continued  uncertainty  in  pricing  negotiations  with  customers;  successful  integration  of 
acquisitions  and  operations  of  joint  ventures;  successful  implementation  of  strategic  partnerships  and  collaborations;  our  ability  to  be 
awarded new business; product liability, warranty and recall claims and investigations and other litigation and customer reactions thereto 
(including  the  resolution  of  the  Toyota  Recall  (defined  below));  higher  expenses  for  our  pension  and  other  postretirement  benefits, 
including higher funding needs for our pension plans; work stoppages or other labor issues; possible adverse results of pending or future 
litigation or infringement claims; our ability to protect our intellectual property rights; negative impacts of antitrust investigations or other 
governmental  investigations  and  associated  litigation  relating  to  the  conduct  of  our  business;  tax  assessments  by  governmental 
authorities and changes in our effective tax rate; dependence on key personnel; legislative or regulatory changes impacting or limiting our 
business; political conditions; dependence on and relationships with customers and suppliers; and other risks and uncertainties identified 
in Item 1A -“Risk Factors” and Item 7 - “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” in this 
Form 10-K.

For  any  forward-looking  statements  contained  in  this  or  any  other  document,  we  claim  the  protection  of  the  safe  harbor  for  forward- 
looking statements contained in the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995, and we assume no obligation to update publicly or 
revise any forward-looking statements in light of new information or future events, except as required by law.

2

Item 1. Business

General

PART I

Autoliv, Inc. (“Autoliv”, the “Company” or “we”) is a Delaware corporation with its principal executive offices in Stockholm, Sweden. Autoliv 
was  created  in  1997  from  the  merger  of  Autoliv  AB  and  the  automotive  safety  products  business  of  Morton  International,  Inc.  The 
Company functions as a holding corporation and owns two principal subsidiaries, Autoliv AB and Autoliv ASP, Inc.

Autoliv is a leading developer, manufacturer and supplier of automotive safety systems to the automotive industry with a broad range of 
product offerings, including passive safety systems and active safety systems.

Shares  of  Autoliv  common  stock  are  traded  on  the  New  York  Stock  Exchange  under  the  symbol  “ALV”.  Swedish  Depository  Receipts 
representing shares of Autoliv common stock (“SDRs”) trade on NASDAQ Stockholm under the symbol “ALIV SDB”, and options in SDRs 
trade on the same exchange under the name “Autoliv SDB”. Options in Autoliv shares are traded on NASDAQ OMX PHLX and on NYSE 
Amex Options under the symbol “ALV”. Our fiscal year ends on December 31.

Business

Autoliv  is  the  world’s  leading  supplier  of  automotive  safety  systems,  with  a  broad  range  of  product  offerings,  including  passive  safety, 
restraint  control  systems,  active  safety  and  brake  control  systems  that  are  sold  within  its  two  operating  segments,  its  Passive  Safety 
segment and its Electronics segment.

Passive  safety  systems  are  primarily  meant  to  improve  vehicle  safety.  Passive  safety  products  include  modules  and  components  for 
frontal-impact airbag protection systems, side-impact airbag protection systems, seatbelts, steering wheels, inflator technologies, battery 
cable cutters, pedestrian protection systems and child seats.

Autoliv has combined all of its electronics resources and expertise in safety electronics systems in Electronics segment. These systems 
include restraint control electronics and crash sensors for deployment of airbags and seatbelt pretensioners, active safety sensors and 
software for both advanced driver assistance systems (“ADAS”) and autonomous driving (“AD”) solutions and brake control systems.

Including joint venture operations, Autoliv has approximately 78 production facilities in 25 countries and its customers include the world’s 
largest car manufacturers. Autoliv’s sales in 2017 were $10.4 billion, approximately 51% of which consisted of airbag and steering wheel 
products, approximately 27% of which consisted of seatbelt products, approximately 10% of which consisted of restraint control products, 
approximately  7%  of  which  consisted  of  active  safety  products  and  5%  consisted  of  brake  control  system  products.  Our  business  is 
conducted in the following geographical regions, Europe, the Americas, China, Japan and the Rest of Asia (ROA).

Autoliv’s  head  office  is  located  in  Stockholm,  Sweden,  where  we  currently  employ  87  people.  At  December  31,  2017,  Autoliv  had 
approximately 63,000 employees worldwide, and a total headcount, including 9,000 temporary personnel, of approximately 72,000.

Additional information required by this Item 1 regarding developments in the Company’s business during 2017 is contained under Item 7 
in this Annual Report.

Financial Information on Segments

Autoliv considers its products to be components of integrated automotive safety systems. Autoliv has two operating segments: (i) Passive 
Safety  (airbags,  seatbelts  and  steering  wheels)  and  (ii)  Electronics  (restraint  control  systems,  brake  control  systems  and  active  safety 
products, such as camera-based vision systems, night vision, automotive radars, positioning systems and related software). For financial 
reporting  purposes,  these  two  operating  segments  are  also  the  Company’s  reportable  segments  in  accordance  with  Accounting 
Standards Codification (ASC) 280 Segment Reporting. The financial data relating to Autoliv’s businesses in these segments over the last 
three fiscal years is contained in the Consolidated Financial Statements of this Annual Report. A statement of net sales by product group 
and region for the last three years is contained in Note 19 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements of this Annual Report.

Products, Market and Competition 

Products

Saving  more  lives  on  the  road  is  a  key  health  priority  as  our  world  grows  and  develops,  but  a  population  increasingly  living  in  growth 
markets  and  megacities  creates  new  complexities.  To  meet  this  challenge,  we  develop  safety  solutions  products  that  work  in  real  life 
situations. This is what Autoliv does.

Our organizational structure and management reporting support the management of the following core product lines:

3

Passive Safety

Passive safety systems such a seatbelts and airbags substantially mitigate human consequences of traffic accidents.

The airbag module is designed to inflate extremely rapidly then quickly deflate during a collision or impact. It consists of the container, 
airbag cushion and an inflator. The purpose of the airbag is to provide the occupants a cushioning and restraint during a crash event to 
prevent any impact or impact-caused injuries between the occupant and the interior of the vehicle. 

Seatbelts can reduce the overall risk of serious injuries in frontal crashes by as much as 60% thanks to advanced seatbelt technologies 
such as pretensioners and load limiters.

Electronics

This segment offers a wide range of electronic safety hardware and software in the areas of safety and drive assist.

Restraint  Control  systems  enable  appropriate  deployment  of  the  airbags  and  seatbelt  pretensioners.  Autoliv’s  latest  Electronic  Control 
Unit (ECU) also contains sensors for Electronic Stability Control System. Satellite sensors are mounted in various locations around the 
vehicle, to quickly provide the system with acceleration data. 

We provide advanced active safety sensors used for both Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (“ADAS”) and Autonomous Driving (“AD”) 
solutions, such as vision and radar systems, advanced ADAS controllers, night vision and positioning systems. Through Zenuity, our joint 
venture with Volvo Cars, we develop advanced software systems for vehicle decision control for ADAS and AD. In addition, we offer driver 
monitoring systems, LiDAR sensors and other technologies critical for ADAS and AD solutions by leveraging our partnership network.

Autoliv-Nissin Brake Systems (ANBS) is a 51% owned joint venture we established with Nissin Kogyo in 2016 for Brake Actuation and 
Brake Control, and is consolidated by Electronics. ANBS provides products for both traditional and new braking systems, which we see as 
building blocks, in the actuation area towards highly automated driving.

Through Zenuity, our joint venture with Volvo Cars, we develop advanced software systems for vehicle decision control for ADAS and AD.

Market and Competition

Consumer  research  clearly  shows  that  people  want  safe  cars,  and  several  significant  trends  are  likely  to  have  a  positive  influence  on 
overall safety content per vehicle (CPV). These include:

1) Society becoming increasingly focused on Vision Zero, which includes reducing traffic fatalities and associated costs,

2) Demographic trends of increased urbanization, aging driver populations and increased safety focus in the Growth Markets,

3) Evolving government regulations and test rating systems to improve the safety of vehicles in various markets, such as the new Euro 
NCAP, and

4) Ongoing evolution of collision avoidance technologies and an industry focused on achieving advanced driver assistance (ADAS), highly 
automated driving (HAD) and, ultimately, some form of autonomous driving (AD).

The automotive safety market is driven by two primary factors: light vehicle production (LVP) and content per vehicle (CPV).

The  first  growth  driver,  LVP,  has  increased  at  an  average  annual  growth  rate  of  around  2.8%  over  the  last  two  decades  despite  the 
cyclical nature of the automotive industry. LVP is expected to grow to more than 98 million in 2020 from approximately 92 million in 2017, 
according to IHS. Almost all of this expansion will be in the Growth Markets, predominantly in China, India, Southeast Asia and Eastern 
Europe.

Unlike  LVP,  where  Autoliv  can  only  aim  to  be  on  the  best-selling  platforms,  Autoliv  can  influence  CPV  more  directly  by  continuously 
developing and introducing new technologies with higher value-added features. Over the long term, this increases average safety CPV 
and has caused our markets to grow faster than the LVP. 

Passive Safety

Since  the  start  of  Autoliv,  Inc.  in  1997,  the  Company’s  sales  compound  annual  growth  rate  (CAGR)  for  passive  safety  has  been  5.6% 
compared to the market rate of around 3.2% which includes an LVP of around 2.8%. Our outperformance is a result of a steady flow of 
new  passive  safety  technologies,  strong  focus  on  quality  and  a  superior  global  footprint  both  in  products  and  engineering.  This  has 
enabled Autoliv to increase its market share from 27% in 1997 to 38% in 2017.

4

In Western Europe, North America, Japan and South Korea the CPV remains around $270. CPV growth in these regions will mainly come 
from  new  passive  safety  systems  such  as  active  seatbelts,  knee  airbags,  far-side  impact  airbags  along  with  improved  protection  for 
pedestrians and rear-seat occupants like bag-in-belt. 

In our Growth Markets we see great opportunities for CPV growth from more airbags and advanced seatbelt products. Average CPV in 
our Growth Markets is around $170, approximately $100 less than in the Developed Markets. 

Despite  a  negative  LVP  mix  effect  from  higher  growth  in  low  CPV  markets,  the  passive  safety  market  (seatbelts  and  airbags  including 
steering wheels), is expected to grow at a CAGR of 4.5% until 2020 to about $24 billion, based on the current macro-economic outlook 
and  our  internal  market  intelligence  and  estimates.  The  highest  growth  rate  is  expected  in  steering  wheels,  where  Autoliv  has  global 
market share of more than 30%, generated by the trend toward higher-value steering wheels with leather and additional features.

The Growth Markets are expected to outgrow the Developed Markets by a factor of two for the period between 2017 and 2020, as the 
Growth  Markets  are  supported  by  a  higher  LVP  and  increasing  CPV  resulting  from  higher  penetration  of  airbags  and  more  advanced 
seatbelt products.

In  seatbelts,  Autoliv  has  reached  a  global  market  share  of  around  40%,  primarily  due  to  being  the  technology  leader  with  several 
important  innovations  such  as  pretensioners  and  active  seatbelts.  Our  strong  market  position  is  also  a  reflection  of  our  superior  global 
footprint. Seatbelts are the primary life-saving safety product and are also an important requirement in low-end vehicles for the Growth 
Markets. This provides us with an excellent opportunity to benefit from the expected growth in this segment of the market.

The market for airbags, where Autoliv has a market share of around 40%, is expected to grow slightly slower than the total passive safety 
market.  This  is  related  to  the  dilutive  effect  from  new  low-end  vehicles  in  the  Growth  Markets,  with  relatively  low  installation  rates  for 
airbags.

Our competitors

In passive safety, Autoliv’s major competitors have been Takata and ZF, where we estimate that they account for roughly one fifth and 
one sixth of the market respectively, while Autoliv leads the market with a share of around 38%.

During 2017 Takata, a family-controlled Japanese company whose shares were listed on the Tokyo Stock Exchange, filed for bankruptcy 
protection in the U.S, and Japan. The bankruptcy came after accumulation of recall costs and liabilities related to malfunctioning airbag 
inflators.  U.S.-based  Key  Safety  Systems  (KSS),  owned  by  Chinese  company  Joyson,  subsequently  announced  its  intension  to  aquire 
Takata’s assets. The transaction is subject to certain conditions, including regulatory approvals. Combined, Takata and KSS is estimated 
to hold a global market share of 26%. 

ZF  is  a  global  leader  in  driveline  and  chassis  technology,  as  well  as  in  passive  safety  technologies  and  is  the  second  largest  global 
automotive supplier and has an estimated global market share of 16%.

In  Japan,  Brazil,  South  Korea  and  China  there  are  a  number  of  local  suppliers  that  have  close  ties  with  the  domestic  vehicle 
manufacturers.  For  example,  Toyota  uses  “keiretsu”  (in-house)  suppliers  Tokai  Rika  for  seatbelts  and  Toyoda  Gosei  for  airbags  and 
steering wheels. These suppliers generally receive most of the Toyota business in Japan, in the same way, Mobis, a major supplier to 
Hyundai/Kia in South Korea generally receives around half of their business.

Other  passive  safety  system  competitors  include  Nihon  Plast  and  Ashimori  of  Japan,  Jinheng  of  China,  Samsong  in  South  Korea  and 
Chris  in  South  America.  Collectively,  these  competitors  account  for  the  majority  of  the  remaining  20%  global  market  share  in  passive 
safety.

Electronics

Our total addressable market, including brake control systems, active safety and passive safety electronics grew by 4% in 2017, to around 
$20 billion. This can be compared to the more than 2% increase in global LVP. The majority of the growth came from the active safety 
market as our customers are seeking to manufacture vehicles that meet and exceed increasingly stringent safety test ratings around the 
world  and  to  satisfy  consumer  demands  for  increased  safety  through  more  advanced  driver  assist  features  and  enhanced  comfort  and 
convenience towards autonomous driving.

The total addressable market for Electronics (active safety, restraint controls systems and brake control systems) is expected to grow by a 
CAGR of around 11% between 2017 and 2020, with the highest growth rate for active safety products. 

Active  Safety  (LiDAR,  radar,  night  vision,  front-view  mono  and  stereo  vision  cameras  and  ADAS  ECU’s)  is  one  of  the  fastest  growing 
areas  of  vehicle  equipment  and  is  expected  to  grow  at  an  annual  rate  of  around  30%  between  2017  and  2020.  Through  acquisitions, 
technology partnerships with customers, and licensing agreements, Autoliv continuously adds key building blocks for ADAS and AD and 
has developed a leading market position with a market share of 15-20%.

5

In the more stable and mature restraint controls market (electronic control units and related crash sensors) Autoliv holds a leading market 
share position of around 25% share. This market is expected to remain relatively flat between 2017 to 2020.

Autoliv entered the brake control market with a new product offering, the Safety Domain Controller during 2014. Through the JV (ANBS) 
we  formed  with  Nissin  Kogyo  in  2016,  we  expanded  our  product  offering  to  brake  control  and  brake  apply  systems,  which  we  see  as 
building blocks, in the actuator area, towards highly automated driving. We estimate the total brake control market amounted to almost 
$12 billion in 2017, with a projected CAGR of 4% through to 2020. We estimate our current market share to be around 4%.

During 2017, Autoliv and Volvo Cars formed a software joint venture named Zenuity. Zenuity is active in the growing global market for 
autonomous driving software systems. It marks the first time a premium car maker has joined forces with a tier one supplier to develop 
leading software solutions for advanced driver assist systems (ADAS) and autonomous driving (AD) technologies.

Our competitors

The  active  safety  market  remains  relatively  fragmented  with  more  and  larger  competitors,  than  in  the  passive  safety  market.  Key 
competitors include Aptiv, Bosch, Continental, Denso, Magna, Valeo and ZF. 

The current leader in camera based mono vision algorithms, Mobileye was acquired during 2017 by the computer chip maker Intel. Intel is 
both  a  supplier  to  and  competitor  of  Autoliv.  In  addition,  new  potential  industry  entrants  like  Nvidia,  Qualcom,  Baidu,  Apple,  Uber  and 
Google are testing solutions to enter the field of autonomous driving.

Continental and Bosch are the largest competitors in restraint control systems.

In brake control market our main competitors include ADVICS, Bosch, Continental, Mando, and ZF.

Additional information concerning products, markets and competition is included in the “Risks and Risk Management” section under Item 
7 of this Annual Report.

Manufacturing and Production

Including joint venture operations, Autoliv has approximately 78 production facilities located in 25 countries, consisting of both component 
factories  and  assembly  factories.  See  “Item  2.  Properties”  for  a  description  of  Autoliv’s  principal  properties.  The  component  factories 
manufacture  inflators,  propellant,  initiators,  textile  cushions,  webbing,  electronics,  pressed  steel  parts,  springs  and  overmoulded  steel 
parts  used  in  seatbelt  and  airbag  assembly,  steering  wheels  and  our  safety  electronic  systems.  The  assembly  factories  source 
components from a number of parties, including Autoliv’s own component factories, and assemble complete restraint systems for “just-in-
time”  delivery  to  customers.  The  products  manufactured  by  Autoliv’s  consolidated  subsidiaries  in  2017  consisted  of  approximately  152 
million complete seatbelt systems (of which approximately 78 million were fitted with pretensioners), approximately 99 million side airbags 
(including  curtain  airbags),  approximately  53  million  frontal  airbags,  approximately  18  million  steering  wheels,  approximately  19  million 
restraint control units, approximately 2 million brake control units and approximately 10 million active safety units.

Autoliv’s “just-in-time” delivery systems have been designed to accommodate the specific requirements of each customer for low levels of 
inventory and rapid stock delivery service. “Just-in-time” deliveries require final assembly or, at least, distribution centers in geographic 
areas  close  to  customers  to  facilitate  rapid  delivery.  The  fact  that  the  major  automobile  manufacturers  are  continually  expanding  their 
production activities into more countries and require the same or similar safety systems as those produced in Europe, Japan or the U.S. 
increases the importance for suppliers to have assembly capacity in several countries. Consolidation among our customers also supports 
this trend.

Autoliv’s assembly operations generally are not constrained by capacity considerations unless there is a disruption in the supply of raw 
materials  and  components.  When  dramatic  shifts  in  LVP  occur,  Autoliv  can  generally  adjust  capacity  in  response  to  any  changes  in 
demand within a few days by adding or removing work shifts and within a few months by adding or removing standardized production and 
assembly lines. Most of Autoliv’s assembly factories can make sufficient space available to accommodate additional production lines to 
satisfy foreseeable increases in capacity. As a result, Autoliv can usually adjust its manufacturing capacity faster than its customers can 
adjust their capacity as a result of fluctuations in the general demand for vehicles or in the demand for a specific vehicle model, provided 
that customers promptly notify Autoliv when they become aware of such changes in demand.

When dramatic shifts in LVP occur or when there is a shift in regional LVP, the capacity adjustments can take more time and be more 
costly. Additionally, when there is a significant demand for a given product due to a major recall of a competitor’s product, like certain of 
our customers have experienced, capacity adjustments may take time.

We  could  experience  disruption  in  our  supply  or  delivery  chain,  which  could  cause  one  or  more  of  our  customers  to  halt  or  delay 
production. For more information, see Item 1A – “Risk Factors” in this Annual Report.

6

Quality Management

Autoliv believes that superior quality is a prerequisite to being considered a leading global supplier of automotive safety systems and is 
key  to  our  financial  performance,  because  quality  excellence  is  critical  for  winning  new  orders,  preventing  recalls  and  maintaining  low 
scrap rates. Autoliv has for many years emphasized a “zero-defect” proactive quality policy and continues to strive to improve its working 
methods. This means both that Autoliv’s products are expected to always meet performance expectations, and that Autoliv’s products are 
expected  to  be  delivered  to  its  customers  at  the  right  times  and  in  the  right  amounts.  Furthermore,  we  believe  our  continued  quality 
improvements further enhance our reputation among our customers, employees and governmental authorities.

Although quality has always been paramount in the automotive industry, especially for safety products, automobile manufacturers have 
become increasingly focused on quality with even less tolerance for any deviations. This intensified focus on quality is partially due to an 
increase in the number of vehicle recalls for a variety of reasons (not just safety), including a few high-profile vehicle recalls. This trend is 
likely to continue as automobile manufacturers introduce even stricter quality requirements and regulating agencies and other authorities 
increase  the  level  of  scrutiny  given  to  vehicle  safety  issues.  We  have  not  been  immune  to  the  recalls  that  have  been  impacting  the 
automotive industry.

We continue to drive our quality initiative called “Q5” which was initiated in the summer of 2010. It is an integral part of our strategy of 
shaping a proactive quality culture of zero defects. It is called “Q5” because it addresses quality in five dimensions: products, customers, 
growth,  behavior  and  suppliers.  The  goal  of  Q5  is  to  firmly  tie  together  quality  with  value  within  all  of  our  processes  and  for  all  of  our 
employees,  thereby  leading  to  the  best  value  for  our  customers.  Since  2010,  we  have  continually  expanded  this  quality  initiative  to 
provide additional skills training to more employees and suppliers. These activities have made a significant contribution to the reduction in 
occurrences of non-conforming events.

In our pursuit of excellence in quality, we have developed a chain of four “defense lines” against potential quality issues. These defense 
lines  consist  of:  1)  robust  product  designs,  2)  flawless  components  from  suppliers  and  our  own  in-house  component  companies,  3) 
manufacturing flawless products with a system for verifying that our products conform with specifications and 4) an advanced traceability 
system in the event of a recall.

Our  pursuit  of  excellence  extends  from  the  earliest  phases  of  product  development  to  the  proper  disposal  of  a  product  following  many 
years  of  use  in  a  vehicle.  Autoliv’s  comprehensive  Autoliv  Product  Development  System  includes  several  key  check  points  during  the 
process of developing new products that are designed to ensure that such products are well-built and have no hidden defects. Through 
this process, we work closely with our suppliers and customers to set clear standards that help to ensure robust component design and 
lowest cost for function in order to proactively prevent problems and ensure we deliver only the best designs to the market.

The Autoliv Production System (“APS”), based on the goals of improving quality and efficiency, is at the core of Autoliv’s manufacturing 
philosophy. APS integrates essential quality elements, such as mistake proofing, statistical process control and operator involvement, into 
the manufacturing processes so all Autoliv associates are aware of and understand the critical connection between themselves and our 
lifesaving products. This “zero-defect” principle extends beyond Autoliv to the entire supplier base. All of our suppliers must accept the 
strict quality standards in the global Autoliv Supplier Manual, which defines our quality requirements and focuses on preventing bad parts 
from being produced by our suppliers and helps eliminate defective intermediate products in our assembly lines as early as possible. In 
addition, Autoliv’s One Product One Process (“1P1P”) initiative is our strategy for developing and managing standardization of both core 
products and customer-specific features, leading not only to improved quality, but also greater cost efficiency and more efficient supply 
chain management.

Autoliv continues to execute its plan to have all of its facilities shipping to OEMs certified according to the current most rigorous global 
automotive quality requirements - IATF 16949:2016.

Environmental and Safety Regulations

For information on how environmental and safety regulations impact our business, see “Risk Factors – ‘Our business may be adversely 
affected  by  laws  or  regulations,  including  environmental,  occupational  health  and  safety  or  other  governmental  regulations’  and  ‘Our 
business  may  be  adversely  affected  by  changes  in  automotive  safety  regulations  or  concerns  that  drive  further  regulation  of  the 
automobile safety market’” in Item 1A and “Risks and Risk Management” in Item 7 of this Annual Report.

Raw Materials

Approximately  54%  of  our  revenues  are  spent  on  direct  materials  from  external  suppliers.  Autoliv  mainly  purchases  manufactured 
components, and approximately 50% of the component costs are comprised of raw materials. We take several actions to mitigate higher 
commodity prices, such as re-design of products to reduce material content and weight, components standardization to reduce complexity 
and gain cost advantages.

For  information  on  the  sources  and  availability  of  raw  materials,  see  “Risk  Factors  –  Changes  in  the  source,  cost,  availability  of  and 
regulations pertaining to raw materials and components may adversely affect our profit margins” in Item 1A of this Annual Report.

7

Intellectual Property

We have developed a considerable amount of proprietary technology related to automotive safety systems and rely on many patents to 
protect  such  technology.  Our  intellectual  property  plays  an  important  role  in  maintaining  our  competitive  position  in  a  number  of  the 
markets  we  serve.  For  information  on  our  use  of  intellectual  property  and  its  importance  to  us,  see  “Risk  Factors  –  If  our  patents  are 
declared invalid or our technology infringes on the proprietary rights of others, our ability to compete may be impaired” in Item 1A of this 
Annual Report.

Seasonality and Backlog

Autoliv’s business is not subject to significant seasonal fluctuations. Autoliv has frame contracts with automobile manufacturers and such 
contracts are typically entered into up to three years before the start of production of the relevant car model or platform and provide for a 
term covering the life of such car model or platform including service parts after a vehicle model is no longer produced. However, typically 
these contracts do not provide minimum quantities, firm prices or exclusivity but instead permit the automobile manufacturer to resource 
the relevant products at given intervals (or at any time) from other suppliers.

Dependence on Customers

In  2017  our  top  five  customers  represented  51%  of  sales  and  the  ten  largest  represented  81%.  This  reflects  the  concentration  in  the 
automotive industry. The five largest vehicle manufacturers (OEMs) in 2017 accounted for 49% of global light vehicle production (LVP) 
and the ten largest for 74%. A delivery contract is typically for the lifetime of a vehicle model, which is normally between 4 and 6 years 
depending on customer platform sourcing preferences and strategies. 

Customer
Nissan/Renault/Mitsubishi
Ford
Honda
Hyundai/Kia
Daimler
VW
FCA
GM
Toyota
BMW

1)

IHS, January 16, 2018

CUSTOMER SALES TRENDS

% of Autoliv
Sales

% of Passive
Safety Sales  

% of Electronics
Sales

% of Global
LVP1)

13%   
10%   
10%   
10%   
8%   
8%   
6%   
6%   
6%   
4%   

15%   
10%   
7%   
9%   
6%   
9%   
7%   
5%   
7%   
4%   

8%   
12%   
21%   
12%   
17%   
1%   
3%   
8%   
0%   
5%   

11%
6%
6%
8%
3%
12%
5%
7%
11%
3%

Asian  vehicle  producers  have  steadily  become  increasingly  more  important  to  Autoliv,  and  now  represent  around  45%  of  global  sales 
compared to 35% five years ago. Of the Asian OEMs, the Japanese OEMs represent 30% of our sales compared to 23% in 2012. This 
reflects their increasing share of the global LVP and our stronger market position based on our local presence in Japan. European OEMs 
have remained relatively constant at 33% in 2017 versus 34% in 2012. The Detroit-3 now account for 21% of our global sales, down from 
28% in 2012 this is in part due to the lingering effects of new business hold back in 2011 and 2012. 

For information on our dependence on customers, see “Risk Factors – Our business could be materially and adversely affected if we lost 
any of our largest customers or if they were unable to pay their invoices” in Item 1A of this Form 10-K and Dependence on Customers 
under the section Risks and Risk Management in Item 7 of this Annual Report and Note 19 to the Consolidated Financial Statements.

Research, Development and Engineering

No single customer project accounts for more than 2% of Autoliv’s total R,D&E spending during 2017. To fuel Autoliv’s product portfolio, 
additional expertise is brought in-house via technology partnerships, licensing agreements as well as mergers and acquisitions.

In addition to having our own researchers, Autoliv provides funding for a number of scientists at universities and independent research 
institutes to work on special projects, such as researchers in the Advanced Vehicle Technologies Consortium led by MIT.

Expenses  incurred  for  research,  development  and  engineering  activities,  net  were  $741  million,  $651  million  and  $524  million  for  the 
years ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015, respectively. 

Information on research, development and engineering is included under section “Risks and Risk Management” in Item 7 of this Annual 
Report.

8

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
Regulatory Costs

The fitting of seatbelts in most types of motor vehicles is mandatory in almost all countries and many countries have strict laws regarding 
the use of seatbelts while in vehicles. In addition, most developed countries require that seats in intercity buses and commercial vehicles 
be  fitted  with  seatbelts.  In  the  U.S.,  federal  legislation  requires  frontal  airbags  on  the  driver-side  and  the  passenger-side  of  all  new 
passenger  cars  and  in  all  new  light  vehicles,  which  are  defined  as  vehicles  with  an  unloaded  vehicle  weight  of  approximately  7,700 
pounds or less.

For information concerning the material effects on our business relating to our compliance with government safety regulations, see “Risk 
Factors  –  ‘Our  business  may  be  adversely  affected  by  laws  or  regulations,  including  environmental,  occupational  health  and  safety  or 
other governmental regulations’ and ‘Our business may be adversely affected by changes in automotive safety regulations or concerns 
that drive further regulation of the automobile safety market’” in Item 1A of this Annual Report and in Item 7 under the section “Risks and 
Risk Management” of this Annual Report.

Autoliv Personnel 

As  of  December  31,  2017,  Autoliv  and  its  subsidiaries  had  approximately  63,000  employees  and  approximately  9,000  temporary 
personnel. Autoliv considers its relationship with its personnel to be good. While there have been a small number of minor labor disputes 
during the year, such disputes have not had a significant or lasting impact on our relationship with our employees, customer perception of 
our employee practices or our business results.

Major  unions  to  which  some  of  Autoliv’s  employees  belong  in  Europe  include:  IG  Metall  in  Germany;  Unite  the  union  in  the  United 
Kingdom;  Confédération  Générale  des  Travailleurs,  Confédération  Française  Démocratique  du  Travail,  Confédération  Française  de 
l’Encadrement Confédération Générale des cadres, Force Ouvrière and Confédération Française des Travailleurs Chrétiens and Union 
Syndicale Solidaires in France; Union General de Trabajadores (UGT), Union Sindical Obrera (USO), Comisiones Obereras (CCOO) and 
Confederacion General de Trabajadores (CGT) in Spain; If Metall, Unionen, Sveriges Ingenjörer and Akademikerföreningen in Sweden; 
Industriaal-  ja  Metallitöötajate  Ametiühingute  Liit  (IMTAL)  in  Estonia,  Vasas  Szakszervezeti  Szövetség  (Hungarian  Metallworkers‘ 
Federation)  in  Hungary,  Samorządny  NiezaleĪny  Związek  Zawodowy  Pracowników  and  Zakáadowa  Organizacja  Związkowa  NSZZ 
SolidarnoĞü  in  Poland,  Union  Générale  des  Travailleurs  Tunisiens  (UGTT)  and  Union  des  travailleurs  Tunisiens  (UTT)  in  Tunisia;  and 
Türk Metal SendikasÕ in Turkey.

In  addition,  Autoliv’s  employees  in  other  regions  are  represented  by  the  following  unions:  Unifor  and  the  International  Association  of 
Machinists and Aerospace Workers (IAM) in Canada; Sindicato de Jornaleros y Obreros Industriales y de la Industria Maquiladora; Sindicato 
Nacional  de  Trabajadores  de  la  Industria  Metalúrgica  y  Similares  (CTM);  Sindicato  Industrial  de  Trabajadores  de  la  Pequeña  y  Mediana 
Industria, Talleres, Maquiladoras, Negociaciones Mercantiles y Comercios, Similares, Anexos y Conexos del Estado de Querétaro (CTM); 
“Nueva Cultura Laboral” “de trabajadores de la fabricación, manufactura, ensamble de partes y componentes de la industria Automotriz de la 
Republica  Mexicana”;  Sindicato  Industrial  de  Trabajadores  de  la  Pequeña  y  Mediana  Industria,  Talleres,  Maquiladoras,  Negociaciones 
Mercantiles y Comercios, Similares, Anexos y Conexos del Estado de Querétaro (CTM) in Mexico; Sindicato dos Metalúrgicos de Taubaté e 
Região  in  Brazil;  Autoliv  India  Employees  Association,  Bangalore;  the  Korean  Metal  Workers  Union  (FKTU)  in  Korea;  and  Autoliv  Japan 
Roudou Kumiai in Japan; and Autoliv Nissin Brake Systems Roudou Kumiai in Japan.

In many European countries, Canada, Mexico, Brazil and Korea, wages, salaries and general working conditions are negotiated with local 
unions  and/or  are  subject  to  centrally  negotiated  collective  bargaining  agreements.  The  terms  of  our  various  agreements  with  unions 
typically range between 1-3 years. Some of our subsidiaries in Europe, Canada, Brazil and Korea must negotiate with the applicable local 
unions with respect to important changes in operations, working and employment conditions. Twice a year, members of the Company’s 
management conduct a meeting with the European Works Council (EWC) to provide employee representatives with important information 
about the Company and a forum for the exchange of ideas and opinions.

In  many  Asia  Pacific  countries,  the  central  or  regional  governments  provide  guidance  each  year  for  salary  adjustments  or  statutory 
minimum wage for workers.

Autoliv’s  employees  may  join  associations  in  accordance  with  local  legislation  and  rules,  although  the  level  of  unionization  varies 
significantly throughout our operations.

For more information concerning Autoliv’s personnel and restructuring initiatives, see Item 7 of this Annual Report.

Financial Information on Geographic Areas

Additional  financial  information  concerning  Autoliv’s  geographic  areas  is  included  in  Note  19  of  the  Notes  to  Consolidated  Financial 
Statements of this Annual Report. See also “Risk Factors – Our business is exposed to risks inherent in international operations” in Item 
1A of this Annual Report.

9

Joint Ventures

An  important  element  of  Autoliv’s  strategy  has  been  to  establish  joint  ventures  to  promote  its  geographical  expansion  and  technology 
development and to gain assistance in marketing its full product line to automobile manufacturers. Traditionally in its joint ventures for passive 
safety systems, Autoliv contributes design and production knowledge to joint ventures, with the joint venture partner providing sales support 
and manufacturing facilities. Some of these local joint venture partners for passive safety systems manufacture and sell standardized seatbelt 
systems, and will, through their joint ventures with Autoliv, be able to upgrade their technology to meet specific customer demands and/or 
expand their product offerings.

During the first quarter of 2016, Autoliv formed a joint venture with Nissin Kogyo, called Autoliv-Nissin Brake Systems, for brake control 
systems. During the second quarter of 2017, Autoliv formed a joint venture with Volvo Cars, called Zenuity to develop next generation 
autonomous  driving  software.  For  these  and  likely  for  other  joint  ventures,  Autoliv  will  utilize  its  global  customer  network  relationships, 
technical  competence,  lean  production  expertise  and  focus,  while  gaining  from  its  joint  venture  partner  engineering  and  technological 
know-how, manufacturing insights and employees, including engineers.

For information on how these joint ventures are accounted for, including Autoliv’s percentage of ownership, see Note 2 and 7 of the Notes 
to Consolidated Financial Statements of this Annual Report.

Available information

We  file  or  furnish  with  the  United  States  Securities  and  Exchange  Commission  (the  “SEC”)  periodic  reports  and  amendments  thereto, 
which include annual reports on Form 10-K, quarterly reports on Form 10-Q, current reports on Form 8-K, proxy statements and  other 
information.  Such  reports,  amendments,  proxy  statements  and  other  information  are  made  available  free  of  charge  on  our  corporate 
website  at  www.autoliv.com  and  are  available  as  soon  as  reasonably  practicable  after  they  are  electronically  filed  with  the  SEC.  Our 
Corporate Governance Guidelines, committee charters, code of conduct and other documents governing the Company are also available 
on our corporate website. The public may read and copy any materials Autoliv files with the SEC at the SEC’s Public Reference Room at 
100 F Street, NE, Washington, DC 20549. The public may obtain information on the operation of the Public Reference Room by calling 
the  SEC  at  1-800-732-0330.  The  SEC  maintains  an  internet  site  that  contains  reports,  proxy  statements  and  other  information  at 
www.sec.gov.  Hard  copies  of  the  above-mentioned  documents  can  be  obtained  free  of  charge  from  the  Company  by  contacting  us  at: 
Autoliv,  Inc.,  P.O.  Box  70381,  SE-107  24,  Stockholm,  Sweden  or  Autoliv,  Inc.,  c/o  Autoliv  Electronics  America,  26545  American  Drive, 
Southfield, MI 48034.

Item 1A. Risk Factors

Our  business,  financial  condition,  operating  results  and  cash  flows  may  be  impacted  by  a  number  of  factors.  A  discussion  of  the  risks 
associated with these factors is included below.

RISKS RELATED TO OUR INDUSTRY

The cyclical  nature  of  automotive sales and  production  can  adversely  affect  our  business.  Our  business is  directly  related  to 
light  vehicle  production  (“LVP”)  in  the  global  market  and  by  our  customers,  and  automotive  sales  and  LVP  are  the  most 
important drivers for our sales. 

Automotive sales and production are highly cyclical and can be affected by general or regional economic or industry conditions, the level 
of consumer demand, recalls and other safety issues, labor relations issues, technological changes, fuel prices and availability, vehicle 
safety regulations and other regulatory requirements, governmental initiatives, trade agreements, political volatility, especially in energy 
producing countries and growth markets, changes in interest rate levels and credit availability and other factors. At various times some 
regions  around  the  world  may  be  more  particularly  impacted  by  these  factors  than  other  regions.  Economic  declines  that  result  in  a 
significant reduction in automotive sales and production by our customers have in the past had, and may in the future have, a material 
adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition.

Our sales are also affected by inventory levels of our customers. We cannot predict when our customers will decide to either increase or 
reduce inventory levels or whether new inventory levels will approximate historical inventory levels. This may exacerbate variability in our 
sales  and  financial  condition.  Uncertainty  regarding  inventory  levels  may  be  exacerbated  by  consumer  financing  programs  initiated  or 
terminated by our customers or governments as such changes may affect the timing of their sales.

Changes in automotive sales and LVP and/or customers’ inventory levels will have an impact on our earnings guidance and estimates 
and any significant reduction in automotive sales and/or LVP by our customers, whether due to general economic conditions or any other 
factors relevant to sales or LVP, could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition.

Growth rates in safety content per vehicle, which can be impacted by changes in consumer trends and political decisions, could 
affect our results in the future

The average global content of safety systems per light  vehicle (airbags, seatbelts, steering wheels, active safety systems  and restraint 
control  systems,  excluding  brake  control  systems)  grew  slightly  but  remains  at  around  $300  during  the  period  2015-2017.  Vehicles 
produced in different markets may have various safety content values. For example, in developed markets such as Western Europe and 

10

North America, many of the cars in the premium segment have safety content values of more than $500 per vehicle, whereas in growth 
markets such as China and India the average safety content per vehicle is approximately $215 and $80, respectively. Due to the majority 
of the growth in global LVP being concentrated in growth markets the operating results may be impacted if the safety content per vehicle 
remains low and if the penetration of more advanced safety systems does not ramp up in these regions. As safety content per vehicle is 
also an indicator of our sales development, should recent trends continue, the average value of safety systems per vehicle could decline.

We operate in highly competitive markets

The markets  in which we operate are highly competitive. The market for occupant restraint systems continues to consolidate  while the 
market for active safety has not yet consolidated. We compete with a number of other companies that produce and sell similar products. 
Among  other  factors,  our  products  compete  on  the  basis  of  price,  quality,  manufacturing  and  distribution  capability,  design  and 
performance,  technological  innovation,  delivery  and  service.  Some  of  our  competitors  are  subsidiaries  (or  divisions,  units  or  similar)  of 
companies that are larger and have greater financial and other resources than us. Some of our competitors may also have a “preferred 
status” as a result of special relationships or ownership interests with certain customers. Our ability to compete successfully depends, in 
large  part,  on  our  success  in  continuing  to  innovate  and  manufacture  products  that  have  commercial  success  with  consumers, 
differentiating  our  products  from  those  of  our  competitors,  continuing  to  deliver  quality  products  in  the  time  frames  required  by  our 
customers, and maintaining best-cost production.

We continue to invest in technology and innovation which we believe will be critical to our long-term growth. Our ability to maintain and 
improve existing products, while successfully developing and introducing distinctive new and enhanced products that anticipate changing 
customer  and  consumer  preferences  and  capitalize  upon  emerging  technologies  will  be  a  significant  factor  in  our  ability  to  remain 
competitive.  If  we  are  unsuccessful  or  are  less  successful  than  our  competitors  in  predicting  the  course  of  market  development, 
developing  innovative  products,  processes,  and/or  use  of  materials  or  adapting  to  new  technologies  or  evolving  regulatory,  industry  or 
customer  requirements,  we  may  be  placed  at  a  competitive  disadvantage.  Our  competitive  environment  has  recently  been  changing, 
including because of recent acquisitions and divestitures by our existing competitors (including Delphi and Takata), creating uncertainty 
about our ability to compete in the market. The inability to compete successfully could have a material adverse effect on our business, 
results of operations and financial condition.

The  competitive  factors  noted  above  are  especially  present  in  the  field  of  active  safety.  This  is  a  new  and  developing  segment  in  the 
automotive industry and inherently includes a higher level of uncertainty than more mature markets. The number of competitors shows 
risk  of  increasing  as  suppliers  from  outside  the  traditional  automotive  industry,  such  as  Microsoft,  Google,  Uber,  Lyft,  Samsung,  Here, 
Tesla,  Nvidia  and  other  technology  companies,  consider  the  business  opportunities  presented  by  automated  driving.  Our  active  safety 
products may require significant resources to develop both hardware and software solutions, which are of increasing importance in this 
area. The high development cost in active safety limits the number of technical solutions that can be pursued by most Tier 1 suppliers, 
leading to risk of exposure to a disruptive technology different than those being developed by the Company.

Part of our business focuses on developing autonomous driving technologies, which involves complex hardware and software 
competencies that we may not be able to develop at a sufficient pace 

Autonomous  driving  requires  various  types  of  sensor  technology,  including  cameras,  radar  and  LIDAR  technology  as  well  as  software 
technology to control such sensors. These technologies are under various stages of development and marketplace acceptance. There is 
no assurance that these technological solutions will develop at a sufficient pace to gain acceptance with our customers. If we are unable 
to  develop  our  autonomous  driving  solutions  fast  enough  to  keep  pace  with  the  market,  our  future  business  prospects  and  results  of 
operations could be materially adversely affected.

There are also challenges to develop autonomous driving solutions that are outside of our control, including regulatory requirements from 
state  and  federal  agencies,  cybersecurity  and  privacy  concerns,  product  liability  concerns  and  perceptions  of  drivers  regarding 
autonomous driving capabilities and solutions. There can be no assurance that these challenges will be overcome, which could materially 
adversely affect our business, results of operations and financial condition.  

The  sale  of  our  active  safety  products  is  determined,  in  part,  by  consumer  acceptance  of  these  technologies.    If  the  rate  of 
consumer  acceptance  of  active  safety  technology  slows  or  decreases,  our  business,  results  of  operations  and  financial 
condition would be adversely affected 

Our future operating results are dependent on consumer acceptance and adoption of active safety technologies.  Market acceptance of 
active  safety  technology  depends  upon  many  factors,  including  regulatory  requirements  and  safety  standards,  cost  and  driver 
preferences.  If  consumer  acceptance  of  active  safety  technologies  does  not  increase,  sales  of  our  products  could  also  be  adversely 
affected. 

The discontinuation, lack of commercial success, or loss of business with respect to a particular vehicle model for which we are 
a significant supplier could reduce our sales and harm our profitability

A number of our customer contracts generally require us to supply a customer’s annual requirements for a particular vehicle model and 
assembly  facilities,  rather  than  for  manufacturing  a  specific  quantity  of  products.  Such  contracts  range  from  one  year  to  the  life  of  the 
model, which is generally four to seven years. These contracts are often subject to renegotiation, sometimes as frequent as on an annual 
basis, which may affect product pricing, and generally may be terminated by our customers at any time. Therefore, the discontinuation of, 
the loss of business with respect to, or a lack of commercial success of a particular vehicle model or brand for which we are a significant 

11

supplier could reduce our sales and harm our profitability.

RISKS RELATED TO OUR BUSINESS

We may incur material losses and costs as a result of product liability, warranty and recall claims that may be brought against 
us or our customers

We face risks related to product liability claims, warranty claims and recalls in the event that any of our products actually or allegedly are 
defective, fail to perform as expected or the use of our products results, or is alleged to result, in bodily injury and/or property damage. For 
example, we are cooperating with Toyota Motor Corp. with respect to its voluntary safety recall of approximately 1.4 million vehicles that 
are  equipped  with  a  certain  model  of  our  side  curtain  airbags  (See  Note  16  of  the  Consolidated  Financial  Statements)  (the  “Toyota 
Recall”). We may not be able to anticipate all of the possible performance or reliability problems that could arise with our products after 
they are released to the market. Additionally, increasing regulation and reporting requirements regarding potentially defective products, 
particularly  in  the  U.S.,  may  increase  the  possibility  that  we  become  involved  in  additional  product  liability  or  recall  investigations  or 
claims.  See  –  “Our  business  may  be  adversely  affected  by  changes  in  automotive  safety  regulations  or  concerns  that  drive  further 
regulation of the automobile safety market”. Although we carry product liability and product recall insurance, no assurance can be made 
that  such  insurance  will  provide  adequate  coverage  against  potential  claims,  such  insurance  is  available  in  the  appropriate  markets  or 
that we will be able to obtain such insurance on acceptable terms in the future. Although we have invested and will continue to invest in 
our engineering, design, and quality infrastructure, we cannot give any assurance that our products will not suffer from defects or other 
deficiencies  or  that  we  will  not  experience  material  warranty  claims  or  additional  product  recalls.  In  the  future,  we  could  experience 
additional material warranty or product liability losses and incur significant costs to process and defend these claims.

The Toyota Recall and any additional future recalls from this customer or other customers could result in costs not covered by insurance, 
further government inquiries, litigation and reputational harm and could divert management’s attention away from other matters. The main 
variables affecting the costs of a recall are the number of vehicles ultimately determined to be affected by the issue, the cost per vehicle 
associated  with  a  recall,  the  determination  of  proportionate  responsibility  among  the  customer,  the  Company,  and  any  relevant  sub-
suppliers, and actual insurance recoveries. Every vehicle manufacturer has its own practices regarding product recalls and other product 
liability actions relating to its suppliers, and the performance and remedial requirements vary between jurisdictions. Due to recent recall 
activity  in  the  automotive  industry,  some  vehicle  manufactures  have  become  even  more  sensitive  to  product  recall  risks.  As  suppliers 
become  more  integrally  involved  in  the  vehicle  design  process  and  assume  more  of  the  vehicle  assembly  functions,  vehicle 
manufacturers  are  increasingly  looking  to  their  suppliers  for  contribution  when  faced  with  recalls  and  product  liability  claims.  Product 
recalls  in  our  industry,  even  when  they  do  not  involve  our  products,  can  harm  the  reputations  of  our  customers,  competitors,  and  us, 
particularly if those recalls cause consumers to question the safety or reliability of products similar to those we produce.

In addition, with global platforms and procedures, vehicle manufacturers are increasingly evaluating our quality performance on a global 
basis;  any  one  or  more  quality,  warranty  or  other  recall  issue(s)  (including  issues  affecting  few  units  and/or  having  a  small  financial 
impact) may cause a vehicle manufacturer to implement measures which may have a severe impact on our operations, such as a global, 
temporary or prolonged suspension of new orders. In addition, as our products more frequently use global designs and are based on or 
utilize the same or similar parts, components or solutions, there is a risk that the number of vehicles affected globally by a failure or defect 
will  increase  significantly  and  hence  also  our  costs.  A  warranty,  recall  or  product  liability  claim  brought  against  us  in  excess  of  our 
available  insurance  may  have  a  material  adverse  effect  on  our  business.  Vehicle  manufacturers  are  also  increasingly  requiring  their 
outside suppliers to guarantee or warrant their products and bear the costs of repair and replacement of such products under new vehicle 
warranties.  A  vehicle  manufacturer  may  attempt  to  hold  us  responsible  for  some  or  the  entire  repair  or  replacement  costs  of  defective 
products  under  new  vehicle  warranties,  when  the  product  supplied  did  not  perform  as  represented.  Accordingly,  the  future  costs  of 
warranty claims by our customers may be material. However, the final amounts determined to be due related to these matters could differ 
materially from our recorded warranty estimates and our financial results may be materially impacted as a result.

In addition, as we adopt new technology, we face an inherent risk of exposure to the claims of others that we have allegedly violated their 
intellectual property rights. We cannot assure that we will not experience any material warranty, product liability or intellectual property 
claim losses in the future or that we will not incur significant costs to defend such claims. See “If our patents are declared invalid or our 
technology infringes on the proprietary rights of others, our ability to compete may be impaired”.

Escalating pricing pressures from our customers may adversely affect our business

The  automotive  industry  experienced  increasingly  aggressive  pricing  pressure  from  customers  for  many  years.  This  trend  is  partly 
attributable to the major automobile manufacturers’ strong purchasing power. As with other automotive component manufacturers, we are 
often  expected  to  quote  fixed  prices  or  are  forced  to  accept  prices  with  annual  price  reduction  commitments  for  long-term  sales 
arrangements or discounted reimbursements for engineering work. Price reductions have impacted our sales and profit margins and are 
expected to continue to do so in the future. Our future profitability will depend upon, among other things, our ability to continuously reduce 
our cost per unit and maintain our cost structure, enabling us to remain cost-competitive.

Our profitability is also influenced by our success in designing and marketing technological improvements in automotive safety systems, 
which helps us offset price reductions by our customers. If we are unable to offset continued price reductions through improved operating 
efficiencies and reduced expenditures, these price reductions may have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations 
and financial condition.

12

We  could  experience  disruption  in  our  supply  or  delivery  chain,  which  could  cause  one  or  more  of  our  customers  to  halt  or 
delay production

We,  as  with  other  component  manufactures  in  the  automotive  industry,  ship  our  products  to  customer  vehicle  assembly  facilities 
throughout the world on a “just-in-time” basis in order for our customers to maintain low inventory levels. Our suppliers (external suppliers 
as well as our own production sites) use a similar method in providing raw materials to us. However, this “just-in-time” method makes the 
logistics supply chain in our industry very complex and vulnerable to disruption.

Disruptions in  our supply chain may result for many reasons, including closures of one of our own or one of our suppliers’ facilities or 
critical manufacturing lines due to strikes, mechanical failures, electrical outages, fires, explosions, critical pollution levels, critical health 
and  safety  and  other  working  conditions  issues,  natural  disasters  political  upheaval,  as  well  as  logistical  complications  due  to  labor 
disruptions,  weather  or  natural  disasters,  acts  of  terrorism,  mechanical  failures  and  legislation  or  regulation  regarding  the  transport  of 
hazardous  goods.  Additionally,  we  may  experience  disruptions  if there  are  delays  in  customs  processing,  including  if we  are  unable  to 
obtain government authorization to export or import certain of materials, including materials that may be viewed as dangerous such as the 
propellant used for our inflators. As we expand in growth markets, the risk of such disruptions is heightened. The unavailability of even a 
single small subcomponent necessary to manufacture one of our products, for whatever reason, could force us to cease production of that 
product, possibly for a prolonged period. Similarly, a potential quality issue could force us to halt deliveries while we validate the products. 
Even  where  products  are  ready  to  be  shipped,  or  have  been  shipped,  delays  may  arise  before  they  reach  our  customer.  Also,  similar 
difficulties  for  other  suppliers  may  force  our  customers  to  halt  production,  which  may  in  turn  impact  our  sales  shipments  to  such 
customers.

When  we  fail  to  timely  deliver,  we  may  have  to  absorb  our  own  costs  for  identifying  and  resolving  the  ultimate  problem  as  well  as 
expeditiously  producing  and  shipping  replacement  components  or  products.  Generally,  we  must  also  carry  the  costs  associated  with 
“catching up,” such as overtime and premium freight.

If we are the cause of a customer being forced to halt production, the customer may seek to recoup all of its losses and expenses from 
us. These losses and expenses could be very significant and may include consequential losses such as lost profits. Where a customer 
halts production because of another supplier failing to deliver on time, we may not be fully compensated, if at all.

Thus,  any  such  supply  chain  disruptions  could  severely  impact  our  operations  and/or  those  of  our  customers  and  force  us  to  halt 
production for prolonged periods of time which could expose us to material claims for compensation and have a material adverse effect 
on our business, results of operations and financial condition.

Adverse developments affecting one or more of our major suppliers could harm our profitability

Any significant disruption in our supplier relationships, particularly relationships with single-source suppliers, could harm our profitability. 
Furthermore, some of our suppliers may not be able to sufficiently manage the currency commodity cost volatility and/or sharply changing 
volumes while still performing as we expect. For example, recalls or field actions from our customers can stress the capacity of our supply 
chain and may inhibit our ability to timely deliver order volumes. Over time, more of our suppliers are located in growth markets. As such, 
there  is  an  increased  risk  for  delivery  delays,  production  delays,  production  issues  or  delivery  of  non-conforming  products  by  our 
suppliers. Even where these risks do not materialize, we may incur costs as we try to make contingency plans for such risks.

Changes in the source, cost, availability of and regulations pertaining to raw materials and components may adversely affect 
our profit margins

Our business uses a broad range of raw materials and components in the manufacture of our products, nearly all of which are generally 
available from a number of qualified suppliers. Our industry may be affected from time to time by limited supplies or price fluctuations of 
certain  key  components  and  materials.  Strong  worldwide  demand  for  certain  raw  materials  has  had  a  significant  impact  on  prices  and 
short-term  availability  in  recent  years.  Such  price  increases  could  materially  increase  our  operating  costs  and  materially  and  adversely 
affect our profit margin, as direct material costs amounted to approximately 54% of our net sales in 2017, of which approximately half is 
the raw material cost portion.

Commercial negotiations with our customers and suppliers may not always offset all of the adverse impact of higher raw material, energy 
and commodity costs. Even where we are able to pass price increases along to our customer, there may be a lapse of time before we are 
able to do so such that we must absorb the cost increase. In addition, no assurances can be given that the magnitude and duration of 
such  cost  increases  or  any  future  cost  increases  could  not  have  a  larger  adverse  impact  on  our  profitability  and  consolidated  financial 
position than currently anticipated.

The  SEC  requires  companies  that  manufacture  products  containing  certain  minerals  and  their  derivatives  that  are  known  as  “conflict 
minerals”, originating from the Democratic Republic of Congo or adjoining countries to diligence and report the source of such materials. 
There are significant resources associated with complying with these requirements, including diligence efforts to determine the sources of 
conflict minerals used in our products and potential changes to our processes or supplies as a consequence of such diligence efforts. As 
there may be only a limited number of suppliers offering “conflict free” conflict minerals, there can be no assurance that we will be able to 
obtain  necessary  conflict  free  minerals  from  such  suppliers  in  sufficient  quantities  or  at  competitive  prices.  We  may  face  reputational 
challenges  if  we  determine  that  certain  of  our  products  contain  minerals  not  determined  to  be  conflict  free  or  if  we  are  unable  to 
sufficiently verify the origins for all conflict minerals used in our products through the procedures we may implement. Accordingly, these 
rules may adversely affect our business, results of operations or financial condition.

13

Our business could be materially and adversely affected if we lost any of our largest customers or if they were unable to pay 
their invoices

We are dependent on a few large customers with strong purchasing power. This is the result of customer consolidation during the last few 
decades. In 2017, our top five customers represented 51% of our consolidated sales. Our largest contract accounted for around 3% of our 
total fiscal 2017 sales and expires in 2023. Although business with any given customer is typically split into several contracts (either on 
the  basis  of  one  contract  per  vehicle  model  or  on  a  broader  platform  basis),  the  loss  of  business  from  any  of  our  major  customers 
(whether by lower overall demand for vehicles, cancellation of existing contracts or the failure to award us new business) could have a 
material adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition.

Customers may put us on a “new business hold,” which would limit our ability to quote or be awarded all or part of their future vehicle 
contracts if quality or other issues arise in the vehicles for which we were a supplier. Such new business holds range in length and scope 
and are generally accompanied by a certain set of remedial conditions that must be met before we are eligible to bid for new business. 
Meeting  any  such  conditions  within  the  prescribed  timeframe  may  require  additional  Company  resources.  A  failure  to  satisfy  any  such 
conditions may have a materially adverse impact on our financial results in the long term.

There is a risk that one or more of our major customers could be unable to pay our invoices as they become due or that a customer will 
simply  refuse  to  make  such  payments  given  its  financial  difficulties.  If  a  major  customer  would  enter  into  bankruptcy  proceedings  or 
similar proceedings whereby contractual commitments are subject to stay of execution and the possibility of legal or other modification, or 
if a major customer otherwise successfully procures protection against us legally enforcing its obligations, it is likely that we will be forced 
to record a substantial loss.

Additional information concerning our major customers is included in Note 19 of the Consolidated Financial Statements.

Our inability to effectively manage the timing, quality and costs of new program launches could adversely affect our financial 
performance

To  compete  effectively  in  the  automotive  supply  industry,  we  must  be  able  to  launch  new  products  to  meet  our  customers’  timing, 
performance and quality standards. At times, we face an uneven number of launches, and some launches for various reasons, may have 
shortened launch lead times. We cannot provide assurance that we will be able to install and certify the equipment needed to produce 
products for new programs in time for the start of production, or that the transitioning of our manufacturing facilities and resources to full 
production for such new programs will not impact production rates or other operational efficiency measures at our facilities. In addition, we 
cannot  provide  assurance  that  our  customers  will  execute  on  schedule  the  launch  of  their  new  product  programs,  for  which  we  might 
supply products. Additionally, as a Tier 1 supplier, we must effectively coordinate the activities of numerous suppliers in order to launch 
programs  successfully.  Given  the  complexity  of  new  program  launches,  especially  involving  new  and  innovative  technologies,  we  may 
experience difficulties managing product quality, timeliness and associated costs. In addition, new program launches require a significant 
ramp  up  of  costs;  however,  the  sales  related  to  these  new  programs  generally  are  dependent  upon  the  timing  and  success  of  the 
introduction of new vehicles by the Company’s customers. Our inability to effectively manage the timing, quality and costs of these new 
program launches could adversely affect our operating results, cash flows and financial condition.

Changes in our product mix may impact our financial performance

We sell products that have varying profit margins. Our financial performance can be impacted depending on the mix of products we sell 
during a given period. Our earnings guidance and estimates assume a certain geographic sales mix as well as a product  sales mix. If 
actual  results  vary  from  this  projected  geographic  and  product  mix  of  sales,  our  results  of  operations  and  financial  condition  could  be 
negatively impacted.

We are involved from time to time in legal proceedings and our business may suffer as a result of adverse outcomes of current 
or future legal proceedings

We are, from time to time, involved in litigation, regulatory proceedings and commercial or contractual disputes that may be significant. 
These  matters  may  include,  without  limitation,  disputes  with  our  suppliers  and  customers,  intellectual  property  claims,  shareholder 
litigation,  government  investigations,  class  action  lawsuits,  personal  injury  claims,  environmental  issues,  antitrust,  customs  and  VAT 
disputes  and  employment  and  tax  issues.  In  such  matters,  government  agencies  or  private  parties  may  seek  to  recover  from  us  very 
large, indeterminate amounts in penalties or monetary damages (including, in some cases, treble or punitive damages) or seek to limit our 
operations in some way. The possibility exists that claims may be asserted against us and their magnitude may remain unknown for long 
periods  of  time.  These  types  of  lawsuits  could  require  significant  management  time  and  attention  and  a  substantial  legal  liability  or 
adverse regulatory outcome and the substantial expenses to defend the litigation or regulatory proceedings may have a material adverse 
effect on our customer relationships, business prospects, reputation, operating results, cash flows and financial condition. No assurances 
can  be  given  that  such  proceedings  and  claims  will  not  have  a  material  adverse  impact  on  our  profitability  and  consolidated  financial 
position or that our established reserves or our available insurance will mitigate such impact.

See Note 16 of the Consolidated Financial Statements.

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We  are  currently  undergoing  an  antitrust  investigation  by  the  European  Commission  and  it  is  probable  that  the  Company’s 
operating results and cash flows will be materially adversely impacted

The  European  Commission  (“EC”)  is  engaged  in  a  long-running  investigation  into  possible  anti-competitive  behavior  among  certain 
suppliers to the automotive vehicle industry, including Autoliv. From June 7 to June 9, 2011, representatives of the EC visited two facilities 
of Autoliv BV & Co KG, a Company subsidiary in Germany, to gather information for such inquiry. The EC’s investigation is still ongoing. It 
is the Company’s policy to cooperate with governmental investigations. Although the duration or ultimate outcome of the EC investigation 
cannot be predicted or estimated, it is probable that the Company’s operating results and cash flows will be materially adversely impacted 
for  the  reporting  periods  in  which  the  EC  investigation  is  resolved  or  becomes  estimable,  however,  the  Company  remains  unable  to 
estimate  the  impact  the  EC  investigation  will  have  or  predict  the  reporting  periods  in  which  such  impact  may  be  recorded.  The  EC 
investigation will require significant management time and attention and could, in addition to an unfavorable outcome, result in significant 
expenses as well as unfavorable outcomes that could have a material adverse impact on our customer relationships, business prospects, 
reputation, operating results, cash flows or financial results, and our insurance may not mitigate such impact.

We may be subject to civil antitrust litigation civil antitrust litigation in the U.S. or elsewhere that could negatively impact our 
business

The Company may be subject to civil antitrust lawsuits in the future in the U.S. or other countries that permit such civil claims, including 
lawsuits or other actions by our customers. These types of lawsuits require significant management time and attention and could result in 
significant expenses as well as unfavorable outcomes that could have a material adverse impact on our customer relationships, business 
prospects, reputation, operating results, cash flows or financial results, and our insurance may not mitigate such impact.

We  are,  and  have  been,  subject  to  investigations  by  other  competition  authorities  and  may  be  subject  to  investigations  by 
additional competition authorities that could negatively impact our business

Competition authorities in Brazil, Canada, South Africa and South Korea have previously initiated investigations of certain suppliers to the 
automotive  vehicle  industry,  including  Autoliv.  Competition  authorities  in  additional  countries,  including  Japan,  may  initiate  similar 
investigations. These types of investigations require significant management time and attention. These investigations could also result in 
significant expenses as well as unfavorable outcomes that could have a material adverse impact on our customer relationships, business 
prospects, reputation, operating results, cash flows or financial results, and our available insurance may not mitigate such impact.

We may have exposure to greater than anticipated tax liabilities

The determination of our worldwide provision for income taxes and other tax liabilities requires estimation and significant judgment, and 
there  are  many  transactions  and  calculations  where  the  ultimate  tax  determination  is  uncertain.  Like  many  other  multinational 
corporations, we are subject to tax in multiple U.S. and foreign tax jurisdictions. Our determination of our tax liability is always subject to 
audit and review by applicable domestic and foreign tax authorities, and we are currently undergoing a number of investigations, audits 
and reviews by taxing authorities throughout the world. Any adverse outcome of any such audit or review could have a negative effect on 
our business and the ultimate tax outcome may differ from the amounts recorded in our financial statements and may materially affect our 
financial results in the period or periods for which such determination is made. While we have established reserves based on assumptions 
and  estimates  that  we  believe  are  reasonable  to  cover  such  eventualities,  these  reserves  may  prove  to  be  insufficient.  In  addition,  our 
future income taxes could be adversely affected by earnings being lower than anticipated (or by the incurrence of losses) in jurisdictions 
that  have  lower  statutory  tax  rates  and  higher  than  anticipated  in  jurisdictions  that  have  higher  statutory  tax  rates,  by  changes  in  the 
valuation of our deferred tax assets and liabilities, or changes in tax laws, regulations, or accounting principles, as well as certain discrete 
items. 

Work stoppages or other labor issues at our customers’ facilities or at our facilities could adversely affect our operations

Because the automotive industry relies heavily on “just-in-time” delivery of components during the assembly and manufacture of vehicles, 
a work stoppage at one or more of the Company’s facilities could have material adverse effects on the business. Similarly, if any of our 
customers were to experience a work stoppage, that customer may halt or limit the purchase of our products. Similarly, a work stoppage 
at another supplier could interrupt production at one of our customers’ facilities which would have the same effect. While labor contract 
negotiations  at  our  facilities  historically  have  rarely  resulted  in  work  stoppages,  no  assurances  can  be  given  that  we  will  be  able  to 
negotiate acceptable contracts with these unions or that our failure to do so will not result in work stoppages. A work stoppage at one or 
more of our facilities or our customers’ facilities could cause us to shut down production facilities supplying these products, which could 
have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition.

Our ability to operate our company effectively could be impaired if we fail to attract and retain key personnel

Our ability to operate our business and implement our strategies effectively depends, in part, on the efforts of our executive officers and 
other key employees. In addition, our future success will depend on, among other factors, our ability to attract and retain other qualified 
personnel, particularly engineers and other employees with software and technical expertise. The loss of the services of any of our key 
employees or the failure to attract or retain other qualified personnel could have a material adverse effect on our business.

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Restructuring initiatives and capacity alignments are complex and difficult and at any time additional restructuring steps may 
be necessary, possibly on short notice and at significant cost

Our  restructuring  initiatives  and  capacity  alignments  include  efforts  to  adjust  our  manufacturing  capacity  and  cost  structure  to  meet 
current  and  projected  operational  and  market  requirements,  including  plant  closures,  transfer  of  sourcing  to  best  cost  countries, 
consolidation of our supplier base and standardization of products, to reduce our overhead costs and consolidate our operational centers. 
The  successful  implementation  of  our  restructuring  activities  and  capacity  alignments  will  involve  sourcing,  logistics,  technology  and 
employment arrangements. Because these restructuring initiatives and capacity alignments can be complex, there may be difficulties or 
delays  in  the  implementation  of  any  such  initiatives  and  capacity  alignments  or  they  may  not  be  immediately  effective,  resulting  in  an 
adverse material impact on our performance. In addition, there is a risk that inflation, high-turnover rates and increased competition may 
reduce  the  efficiencies  now  available  in  best-cost  countries  to  levels  that  no  longer  allow  for  cost-beneficial  restructuring  opportunities. 
Therefore, there can be no assurances that any future restructurings or capacity alignments will be completed as planned or achieve the 
desired results.

A prolonged recession and/or a downturn in our industry could result in us having insufficient funds to continue our operations 
and external financing may not be available to us or available only on materially different terms than what has historically been 
available

Our  ability  to  generate  cash  from  our  operations  is  highly  dependent  on  automotive  sales  and  LVP,  the  global  economy  and  the 
economies  of  our  important  markets.  If  LVP  were  to  remain  on  low  levels  for  an  extended  period  of  time,  we  would  experience  a 
significantly negative cash flow. Similarly, if cash losses for customer defaults rise sharply, we would experience a negative cash flow. 
Such negative cash flow could result in our having insufficient funds to continue our operations unless we can procure external financing, 
which may not be possible.

Our current credit rating could be lowered as a result of us experiencing significant negative cash flows or a dire financial outlook, which 
may  affect  our  ability  to  procure  financing.  We  may  also  for  the  same,  or  other  reasons,  find  it  difficult  to  secure  new  long-term  credit 
facilities, at reasonable terms, when our principal credit facility expires in 2022. Further, even our existing unutilized credit facilities may 
not  be  available  to  us  as  agreed,  or  only  at  additional  cost,  if  participating  banks  are  unable  to  raise  the  necessary  funds,  where,  for 
instance, financial markets are not functioning as expected or one or more banks in our principal credit facility syndicate were to default. If 
external financing is unavailable to us when necessary, we may have insufficient funds to continue our operations.

Information  concerning  our  credit  facilities  and  other  financings  are  included  in  this  Annual  Report  in  the  section  headed  “Treasury 
Activities” and in Note 12 to the Consolidated Financial Statements.

Our indebtedness may harm our financial condition and results of operations

As  of  December  31,  2017,  we  have  outstanding  debt  of  $1.3  billion,  including  $60  million  in  privately  placed  debt  issued  in  2007  and 
$1.25 billion in privately placed debt issued in April 2014. We may incur additional debt for a variety of reasons. Although our significant 
credit facilities and debt agreements do not have any financial covenants, our level of indebtedness will have several important effects on 
our future operations, including, without limitation:

•

•

•

•

a  portion  of  our  cash  flows  from  operations  will  be  dedicated  to  the  payment  of  any  interest  or  could  be  used  for  amortization 
required with respect to outstanding indebtedness;

increases in our outstanding indebtedness and leverage will increase our vulnerability to adverse changes in general economic and 
industry conditions, as well as to competitive pressure;

depending on the levels of our outstanding debt, our ability to obtain additional financing for working capital, acquisitions, capital 
expenditures, general corporate and other purposes may be limited; and

potential  future  tightening  of  the  availability  of  capital  both  from  financial  institutions  and  the  debt  markets  may  have  an  adverse 
effect on our ability to access additional capital.

Governmental restrictions may impact our business adversely

Some  of  our  customers  are  (or  may  be)  owned  by  a  governmental  entity,  receive  various  forms  of  governmental  aid  or  support  or  are 
subject  to  governmental  influence  in  other  forms,  which  may  impact  us  as  a  supplier  to  these  customers.  As  a  result,  they  may  be 
required to partner with local entities or procure components from local suppliers to achieve a specific local content or be subject to other 
restrictions regarding localized content or ownership. The nature and form of any such restrictions or protections, whatever their basis, is 
very difficult to predict as is their potential impact. However, they are likely to be based on political rather than economical or operational 
considerations and may materially impact our business.

Impairment charges relating to our assets, goodwill and other intangible assets could adversely affect the Company’s financial 
performance

We periodically review the carrying value of our assets, goodwill and other intangible assets for impairment indicators. If one or more of 
our customers’ facilities cease production or decrease their production volumes, the assets we carry related to our facilities serving such 
customers may decrease in value because we may no longer be able to utilize or realize them as intended. Where such decreases are 
significant, such impairments may have a materially adverse impact on our financial results. We monitor the various factors that impact 

16

the valuation of our goodwill and other intangible assets, including expected future cash flow levels, global economic conditions, market 
price for our stock, and trends with our customers. Impairment of goodwill and other identifiable intangible assets may result from, among 
other  things,  deterioration  in  our  performance  and  especially  the  cash  flow  performance  of  these  goodwill  assets,  adverse  market 
conditions  and  adverse  changes  in  applicable  laws  or  regulations.  If  there  are  changes  in  these  circumstances  or  the  other  variables 
associated  with  the  estimates,  judgments  and  assumptions  relating  to  the  valuation  of  goodwill,  when  assessing  the  valuation  of  our 
goodwill items, we may determine that it is appropriate to write down a portion of our goodwill or intangible assets and record related non-
cash  impairment  charges.  In  the  event  that  we  determine  that  we  are  required  to  write-down  a  portion  of  our  goodwill  items  and  other 
intangible  assets  and  thereby  record  related  non-cash  impairment  charges,  our  financial  position  and  results  of  operations  would  be 
adversely affected.

For example, in connection with our annual impairment testing, the Company recognized an impairment charge of $234 million, pre-tax, 
which  represented  the  full  goodwill  amount  related  to  Autoliv  Nissin  Brake  Systems  (ANBS)  within  the  segment  Electronics.  Since  the 
Company  owns  51%  of  ANBS,  the  net  income  attributable  to  its  controlling  interest  in  ANBS  was  approximately  $100  million.  The 
impairment loss was due to a lower than originally anticipated sales development in ANBS. For additional information, see Part II, Item 7. 
Management’s  Discussion  and  Analysis  of  Financial  Condition  and  Results  of  Operations  -  Significant  Accounting  Policies  and  Critical 
Accounting Estimates – Goodwill and Intangibles.

We face risks related to our defined benefit pension plans and employee benefit plans, including the need for additional funding 
as well as higher costs and liabilities

Our  defined  benefit  pension  plans  or  employee  benefit  plans  may  require  additional  funding  or  give  rise  to  higher  related  costs  and 
liabilities which, in some circumstances, could reach material amounts and negatively affect our results of operations. We are required to 
make  certain  year-end  assumptions  regarding  our  pension  plans.  Our  pension  obligations  are  dependent  on  several  factors,  including 
factors  outside  our  control  such  as  changes  in  interest  rates,  the  market  performance  of  the  diversified  investments  underlying  the 
pension  plans,  actuarial  data  and  adjustments  and  an  increase  in  the  minimum  funding  requirements  or  other  regulatory  changes 
governing the plans. Adverse equity market conditions and volatility in the credit market may have an unfavorable impact on the value of 
our  pension  assets  and  our  future  estimated  pension  liabilities.  Internal  factors  such  as  an  adjustment  to  the  level  of  benefits  provided 
under the plans may also lead to an increase in our pension liability. If these or other internal and external risks were to occur, alone or in 
combination, our required contributions to the plans and the costs and net liabilities associated with the plans could increase substantially 
and have a material effect on our business.

Information concerning our benefit plans is included in Note 18 of the Consolidated Financial Statements.

You should not anticipate or expect the payment of cash dividends on our common stock

Our dividend policy is subject to the discretion of our Board of Directors and depends upon a number of factors, including our earnings, 
financial condition, cash and capital needs and general economic or business conditions. Although we currently use dividends as a way to 
return value to our stockholders, in the past our Board of Directors suspended our quarterly dividend after determining that a suspension 
was necessary in light of the decline in global LVP, the uncertainty surrounding the recession at the time and the inherent risk of customer 
defaults. While we have resumed the payment of dividends on our common stock, in the future, there can be no assurance that the Board 
of Directors will continue to declare dividends.

Increases in IT security threats, the sophistication of computer crime and our reliance on global data centers could expose our 
systems, networks, solutions and services to risks

We  rely  extensively  on  information  technology  (“IT”)  networks  and  systems  and  the  use  of  our  global  data  centers  as  well  as  services 
provided over the internet to process, transmit and store electronic information, and to manage or support a variety of business processes 
or  activities  across  our  facilities  worldwide.  The  secure  operation  of  our  information  technology  networks  and  systems  and  the  proper 
processing and maintenance of this information are critical to our business operations. Disruptions and attacks on our IT systems could 
result in the leakage of our or our customers’ confidential information, including our financial data and intellectual property, improper use 
of  our  systems  and  networks,  manipulation  and  destruction  of  data,  production  downtimes  and  both  internal  and  external  supply 
shortages, which could have an adverse effect on our results of operations. 

Additionally,  we  and  certain  of  our  third-party  vendors  collect  and  store  personal  information  in  connection  with  human  resources 
operations  and  other  aspects  of  our  business.  While  we  obtain  assurances  that  any  third  parties  we  provide  data  to  will  protect  this 
information and, where we believe appropriate, monitor the protections employed by these third parties, there is a risk the confidentiality 
of data held by us and by third parties may be compromised.

We  rely  on  third  parties  to  provide  or  maintain  some  of  our  IT  systems,  data  centers  and  related  services  and  do  not  exercise  direct 
control over these systems. Despite the implementation of security measures at our own and at third party locations, these IT systems, 
data centers and cloud services are vulnerable to disruptions, including those resulting from natural disasters, cyber-attacks or failures in 
third-party-provided services. Cyberattacks have become increasingly frequent and sophisticated and could target software embedded in 
certain of our products. To the extent that any disruption or security breach results in misappropriation, loss or damage to our data, or an 
inappropriate disclosure of our confidential or our customer’s information, it could cause significant damage to our reputation, affect our 
relationships  with  our  customers  create  significant  expense  for  us  to  investigate  and  remediate  damage,  lead  to  claims  against  the 
Company and ultimately harm our business. In addition, we may be required to incur significant costs to protect against damage caused 

17

by these disruptions or security breaches in the future.

Cybersecurity  incidents  could  disrupt  business  operations,  result  in  the  loss  of  critical  and  confidential  information,  and 
adversely impact our reputation and results of operations

Global cybersecurity threats and incidents can range from uncoordinated individual attempts to gain unauthorized access to IT systems to 
sophisticated and targeted measures known as advanced persistent threats, directed at the Company, its products, its customers and/or 
its  third  party  service  providers.  We  seek  to  deploy  comprehensive  measures  to  prevent,  detect,  address  and  mitigate  these  threats. 
Despite  these  efforts,  cybersecurity  incidents,  depending  on  their  nature  and  scope,  could  potentially  result  in  the  misappropriation, 
destruction, corruption or unavailability of critical data and confidential or proprietary information (our own or that of third parties) and the 
disruption of business operations. Cybersecurity incidents aimed at the software imbedded in our products could lead to third party claims 
that  our  product  failures  have  caused  a  similar  range  of  damages  to  our  customers  or  third  parties.  The  potential  consequences  of  a 
material  cybersecurity  incident  include  reputational  damage,  litigation  with  third  parties,  diminution  in  the  value  of  our  investment  in 
research,  development  and  engineering  and  increased  cybersecurity  protection  and  remediation  costs,  which  in  turn  could  adversely 
affect our competitiveness and results of operations.

There  has  been  an  increased  level  of  activity,  and  an  associated  level  of  sophistication,  in  cyberattacks  demonstrated  on  automotive 
electronics within the industry. We face an inherent business risk of exposure to these attacks in our electronic product segments. Such 
attacks, even if they do not involve our products, can harm our reputation as well as the reputations of our customers and competitors, 
particularly if those attacks cause consumers to question the safety of products similar to those we produce.

RISKS RELATED TO INTERNATIONAL OPERATIONS

Our business is exposed to risks inherent in international operations

We  currently  conduct  operations  in  various  countries  and  jurisdictions,  including  locating  certain  of  our  manufacturing  and  distribution 
facilities  internationally,  which  subjects  us  to  the  legal,  political,  regulatory  and  social  requirements  and  economic  conditions  in  these 
jurisdictions. Some of these countries are considered growth markets. International sales and operations, especially in growth markets, 
subject us to certain risks inherent in doing business abroad, including:

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

exposure to local economic conditions;

foreign tax consequences;

inability  to  collect,  or  delays  in  collecting,  value-added  taxes  and/or  other  receivables  associated  with  remittances  and  other 
payments by subsidiaries;

exposure to local political turmoil;

expropriation and nationalization;

enforcing legal agreements or collecting receivables through foreign legal systems;

wage inflation in emerging markets;

currency  controls,  including  lack  of  liquidity  in  foreign  currency  due  to  governmental  restrictions,  trade  protection  policies  and 
currency controls, which may create difficulty in repatriating profits or making other remittances;

investment restrictions or requirements; and

the imposition of product tariffs and the burden of complying with a wide variety of international and U.S. export laws.

The Company is subject to taxation in the U.S. and numerous foreign jurisdictions. On December 22, 2017, the U.S. government enacted 
comprehensive tax legislation commonly referred to as the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (the “Tax Act”). The changes included in the Tax Act 
are  broad  and  complex. The  final  impacts  of  the  Tax  Act  may  differ  from  the  estimates  provided  elsewhere  in  this  report,  possibly 
materially,  due  to,  among  other  things,  changes  in  interpretations  of  the  Tax  Act,  any  legislative  action  to  address  questions  that  arise 
because of the Tax Act, any changes in accounting standards for income taxes or related interpretations in response to the Tax Act, or 
any  updates  or  changes  to  estimates  the  company  has  utilized  to  calculate  the  transition  impacts,  including  impacts  from  changes  to 
current year earnings estimates, forecasts, and foreign exchange rates of foreign subsidiaries.

Additionally, changes in tax laws or policies by foreign jurisdictions could result in a higher effective tax rate on our worldwide earnings 
and such change could have a material adverse effect our business, cash flows, results of operations and financial condition.

In addition, the current U.S. presidential administration has created uncertainty about the future relationship between the United States 
and certain of its trading partners, including with respect to the trade policies, treaties, government regulations and tariffs that could apply 
to  trade  between  the  United  States  and  other  nations.  These  developments  may  have  a  material  adverse  effect  on  global  economic 
conditions and the stability of global financial markets, and may significantly reduce global trade and, in particular, trade between these 
nations  and  the  United  States.  Changes  in  policy  or  continued  uncertainty  could  depress  economic  activity  and  restrict  our  access  to 
suppliers or customers and have a material adverse effect on our cash flows, results of operations and financial condition.

Increasing  our  manufacturing  footprint  in  the  growth  markets  and  our  business  relationships  with  automotive  manufacturers  in  these 

18

markets are particularly important elements of our strategy. As a result, our exposure to the risks described above may be greater in the 
future,  and  our  exposure  to  risks  associated  with  developing  countries,  such  as  the  risk  of  political  upheaval  and  reliability  of  local 
infrastructure, may increase. 

Our foreign operations may subject us to risks relating to laws governing international relations

Due  to  our  global  operations,  we  are  subject  to  many  laws  governing  international  relations  (including,  but  not  limited  to,  the  Foreign 
Corrupt Practices Act, and other anti-bribery regulations in foreign jurisdictions where we do business), which prohibit improper payments 
to government officials and restrict where and how we can do business, what information or products we can supply to certain countries 
and what information we can provide to authorities in governmental authorities. We also export components and products that are subject 
to certain trade-related U.S. laws, including the U.S. Export Administration Act and various economic sanctions programs administered by 
the U.S. Treasury’s Office of Foreign Assets Control.

Although we have procedures and policies in place that should mitigate the risk of any violations of these laws, there is no guarantee that 
they will be sufficiently effective. If and when we acquire new businesses, we may not be able to ensure that the pre-existing controls and 
procedures  meant  to  prevent  violations  of  these  laws  were  effective,  and  violations  may  occur  if  we  are  unable  to  timely  implement 
corrective  and  effective  controls  and  procedures  when  integrating  newly  acquired  businesses.  Any  allegations  of  noncompliance  with 
these laws could harm our reputation, divert management attention and result in significant expenses, and could therefore materially harm 
our business, results of operations or financial condition.

Our business in China is subject to aggressive competition and is sensitive to economic and market conditions

We  operate  in  the  highly  competitive  automotive  supply  market  in  China  and  face  competition  from  both  international  and  smaller 
domestic  manufacturers.  We  anticipate  that  additional  competitors,  both  international  and  domestic,  may  seek  to  enter  the  Chinese 
market resulting in increased competition. Increased competition may result in price reductions, reduced margins and our inability to gain 
or hold market share. There have been periods of increased market volatility and moderation in the levels of economic growth in China, 
which  resulted  in  periods  of  lower  automotive  production  growth  rates  in  China  than  those  previously  experienced.  If  we  are  unable  to 
maintain  our  position  in  the  Chinese  market,  the  pace  of  growth  slows  or  vehicle  sales  in  China  decrease,  our  business,  results  of 
operations and financial condition could be materially adversely affected.

Global integration may result in additional risks

Because of our efforts to manage costs by integrating our operations globally, we face the additional risk that, should  any of  the other 
risks  discussed  herein  materialize,  the  negative  effects  could  be  more  pronounced.  For  example,  while  supply  delays  of  a  component 
have typically only affected a few customer vehicle models, such a delay could now affect several vehicle models of several customers in 
several geographic areas. Similarly, any recall or warranty issue we face due to a product defect or failure is now more likely to involve a 
larger number of units in several geographic areas. 

Exchange rate risks

As a result of our global presence, a significant portion of our revenues and expenses are denominated in currencies other than the U.S. 
dollar. We are therefore subject to foreign currency risks and foreign exchange exposure. Such risks and exposures include:

•

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•

•

transaction  exposure,  which  arises  because  the  cost  of  a  product  originates  in  one  currency  and  the  product  is  sold  in  another 
currency;

revaluation effects, which arise from valuation of assets denominated in other currencies than the reporting currency of each unit;

translation exposure in the income statement, which arises when the income statements of non-U.S. subsidiaries are translated into 
U.S. dollars;

translation exposure in the balance sheet, which arises when the balance sheets of non-U.S. subsidiaries are translated into U.S. 
dollars; and

changes in the reported U.S. dollar amounts of cash flows.

We cannot predict when, or if, exchange rate volatility will cease or the extent of its impact on our future financial results. We typically 
denominate foreign transactions in foreign currencies to achieve a natural hedge. However, a natural hedge cannot be achieved for all 
our  currency  flows  therefore  a  net  transaction  exposure  remains  within  the  group.  The  net  exposure  can  be  significant  and  creates  a 
transaction  exposure  risk  for  the  Company.  Our  electronics  business  is  particularly  vulnerable  to  a  strong  U.S.  dollar  as  certain  raw 
materials and components are sourced in U.S. dollars while sales are also currently in other currencies, like the Euro. The Company does 
not hedge translation exposure. However, we do engage in foreign exchange rate hedging from time to time related to foreign currency 
transactions.

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RISKS RELATED TO ACQUISITIONS

We face risks in connection with acquisitions and joint ventures

Our growth has been enhanced through strategic opportunities, including acquisitions of businesses, products and technologies, and joint 
development  agreements  that  we  believe  will  complement  our  business.  We  regularly  evaluate  acquisition  opportunities,  frequently 
engage  in  acquisition  discussions,  conduct  due  diligence  activities  in  connection  with  possible  acquisitions,  and,  where  appropriate, 
engage  in  acquisition  negotiations.  We  may  not  be  able  to  successfully  identify  suitable  acquisition  and  joint  venture  candidates  or 
complete transactions on acceptable terms, integrate acquired operations into our existing operations or expand into new markets. Our 
failure to identify suitable strategic opportunities may restrict our ability to grow our business.

These strategic opportunities also involve numerous additional risks to us and our investors, including:

•

•

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•

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risks related to retaining acquired management and employees;

difficulties in integrating acquired technologies, products, operations, services and personnel with our existing businesses;

diversion of our management’s attention from other business concerns;

assumption of contingent liabilities;

adverse financial impacts from the amortization of expenses related to intangible assets;

adverse financial impacts from potential impairment of goodwill;

incurrence of indebtedness;

potential adverse financial impacts.

In the future, our best growth opportunities may be in passive safety electronics and active safety systems markets, which include, and 
are likely to include, other and often larger companies than our traditional competitors. We may also pursue acquisitions of businesses or 
products that are complementary to our business but for which we have historically had little or no direct experience. These transactions 
can involve significant challenges and risks as well as significant time and resources that may divert management’s attention from other 
business activities. If we fail to adequately manage these risks, the acquisitions may not result in revenue growth, operational synergies 
or service or technology enhancements, which could adversely affect our financial results.

Risks  associated  with  joint  venture  partnerships  and  other  collaborations  may  adversely  affect  our  business  and  financial 
results.

Certain  of  our  operations  are  currently  conducted  through  joint  ventures  and  joint  development  agreements,  and  we  may  enter  into 
additional joint ventures and collaborations in the future. We conduct certain research and product development in collaboration with other 
companies and organizations. Our joint venture and collaboration partners may at any time have economic, business or legal interests or 
goals that are inconsistent with our goals or with the goals of the joint venture. Disagreements with our business partners may impede our 
ability to maximize the benefits of its partnerships. Our research and development collaborations may not be successful in developing the 
intended  product  or  technology.  Our  joint  venture  arrangements  may  require  us,  among  other  matters,  to  pay  certain  costs  or  to  make 
certain capital investments or to seek our joint venture partner’s consent to take certain actions. In addition, our joint venture partners may 
be unable or unwilling to meet their economic or other obligations under the operative documents, and we may be required to either fulfill 
those obligations alone to ensure the ongoing success of a joint venture or to dissolve and liquidate a joint venture. Also, our ability to sell 
our interest in a joint venture may be subject to contractual and other limitations. The above risks, if realized, could adversely affect our 
business and financial results.

RISKS RELATED TO INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY

If our patents are declared invalid or our technology infringes on the proprietary rights of others, our ability to compete may be 
impaired

We  have  developed  a  considerable  amount  of  proprietary  technology  related  to  automotive  safety  systems  and  rely  on  a  number  of 
patents to protect such technology. Our intellectual property plays an important role in maintaining our competitive position in a number of 
the markets we serve. At present, we hold approximately 6,900 patents covering a large number of innovations and product ideas, mainly 
in the fields of seatbelt and airbag technologies. In addition to our in-house research and development efforts, we seek to acquire rights to 
new  intellectual  property  through  corporate  acquisitions,  asset  acquisitions,  licensing  and  joint  venture  arrangements.  Our  patents  and 
licenses expire on various dates during the period from 2018 to 2037. We do not expect the expiration of any single patent or license to 
have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition.

20

Developments  or  assertions  by  or  against  us  relating  to  intellectual  property  rights  could  negatively  impact  our  business.  We  primarily 
protect our innovations with patents and vigorously protect and defend our patents, trademarks and know-how against infringement and 
unauthorized use. If we are not able to protect our intellectual property and our proprietary rights and technology, we could lose  those 
rights and incur substantial costs policing and defending those rights. We also generate license revenue from these patents, which we 
may lose if we do not adequately protect our intellectual property and proprietary rights. Our means of protecting our intellectual property, 
proprietary rights and technology may not be adequate, and our competitors may independently develop technologies that are similar or 
superior to our proprietary technologies, duplicate our technologies, or design around the patents we own or license. In addition, the laws 
of some foreign countries do not protect our proprietary rights to as great an extent as the laws of the U.S.

We may not be able to protect our proprietary technology and intellectual property rights, which could result in the loss of our rights or 
increased costs.

Although we believe that our products and technology do not infringe the proprietary rights of others, third parties may assert infringement 
claims  against  us  in  the  future.  Additionally,  we  and  our  joint  ventures  license  from  third  parties  proprietary  technology  covered  by 
patents, and we cannot be certain that any such patents will not be challenged, invalidated or circumvented. Such licenses may also be 
non-exclusive,  meaning  our  competition  may  also  be  able  to  access  such  technology.  Further,  we  expect  to  continue  to  expand  our 
products and services and expand into new businesses, including through acquisitions, joint ventures and joint development agreements, 
which could increase our exposure to patent and other intellectual property claims from competitors and other parties. If claims alleging 
patent,  copyright  or  trademark  infringement  are  brought  against  us  and  are  successfully  prosecuted  against  us,  they  could  result  in 
substantial  costs.  If  a  successful  claim  is  made  against  us  and  we  fail  to  develop  non-infringing  technology,  our  business,  results  of 
operation and financial condition could be materially adversely affected. In addition, certain of our products utilize components that are 
developed  by  third  parties  and  licensed  to  us  or  our  joint  ventures.  If  claims  alleging  patent,  copyright  or  trademark  infringement  are 
brought against such licensors and successfully prosecuted, they could result in substantial costs, and we may not be able to replace the 
functions  provided  by  these  licensors.  Alternate  sources  for  the  technology  currently  licensed  to  us  or  our  joint  ventures  may  not  be 
available in a timely manner, may not provide the same functions as currently provided or may be more expensive than products currently 
used.

We  may  develop  proprietary  information  through  our  in-house  research  and  development  efforts,  consulting  arrangements  or  research 
collaborations  with  other  entities  or  organizations.  We  may  seek  to  protect  this  proprietary  information  by  entering  into  confidentiality 
agreements or consulting, services or employment agreements that contain non-disclosure and non-use provisions with our employees, 
consultants, scientific advisors and other third parties. However, we may fail to enter into the necessary agreements, and even if entered 
into, these agreements may be breached or may otherwise fail to prevent disclosure, third-party infringement or misappropriation of our 
proprietary information. 

We may not be able to respond quickly enough to changes in technology and technological risks and to develop our intellectual 
property into commercially viable products

Changes in legislative, regulatory or industry requirements or in competitive technologies may render certain of our products obsolete or 
less  attractive  to  our  customers.  We  currently  license  certain  proprietary  technology  to  third  parties  and,  if  such  technology  becomes 
obsolete or less attractive, those licensees could terminate our license agreements, which could adversely affect our results of operations. 
Our ability to anticipate changes in technology and regulatory standards and to successfully develop and introduce new and enhanced 
products on a timely basis will be a significant factor in our ability to remain competitive. We cannot provide assurance that we will be able 
to achieve the technological advances that may be necessary for us to remain competitive or that certain of our products will not become 
obsolete. We are also subject to the risks generally associated with new product introductions and applications, including lack of market 
acceptance, delays in product development and failure of products to operate properly. As part of our business strategy, we may from 
time  to  time  seek  to  acquire  businesses  or  assets  that  provide  us  with  additional  intellectual  property.  We  may  experience  problems 
integrating acquired technologies into our existing technologies and products, and such acquired intellectual property may be subject to 
known or contingent liabilities such as infringement claims.

Some  of  our  products  and  technologies  may  use  “open  source”  software,  which  may  restrict  how  we  use  or  distribute  our 
products or require that we release the source code of certain products subject to those licenses

Some  of  our  products  and  technologies  may  incorporate  software  licensed  under  so-called  “open  source”  licenses.  In  addition  to  risks 
related to license requirements, usage of open source software can lead to greater risks than use of third-party commercial software, as 
open source licensors generally do not provide warranties or controls on origin of the software. Additionally, open source licenses typically 
require  that  source  code  subject  to  the  license  be  made  available  to  the  public  and  that  any  modifications  or  derivative  works  to  open 
source  software  continue  to  be  licensed  under  open  source  licenses.  These  open  source  licenses  typically  mandate  that  proprietary 
software,  when  combined  in  specific  ways  with  open  source  software,  become  subject  to  the  open  source  license.  If  we  combine  our 
proprietary software in such ways with open source software, we could be required to release the source code of our proprietary software. 
We take steps to ensure that our proprietary software is not combined with, and does not incorporate, open source software in ways that 
would  require  our  proprietary  software  to  be  subject  to  an  open  source  license.  However,  few  courts  have  interpreted  open  source 
licenses, and the manner in which these licenses may be interpreted and enforced is therefore subject to some uncertainty.

Our  business  may  be  adversely  affected  by  laws  or  regulations,  including  environmental,  occupational  health  and  safety  or 

RISKS RELATED TO GOVERNMENT REGULATIONS AND TAXES

21

other governmental regulations

We  are  subject  to  various  federal,  state,  local  and  foreign  laws  and  regulations,  including  those  related  to  the  requirements  of 
environmental,  occupational  health  and  safety,  financial  and  other  matters.  We  cannot  predict  the  substance  or  impact  of  pending  or 
future  legislation  or  regulations,  or  the  application  thereof.  The  introduction  of  new  laws  or  regulations  or  changes  in  existing  laws  or 
regulations, or the interpretations thereof, could increase the costs of doing business for us or our customers or suppliers or restrict our 
actions and adversely affect our, operating results, cash flows and financial condition. Our operations are subject to environmental and 
safety laws and regulations governing, among other things, emissions to air, discharges to waters and the generation, handling, storage, 
transportation,  treatment  and  disposal  of  waste  and  other  materials.  The  operation  of  automotive  parts  manufacturing  facilities  entails 
risks in these areas, and we cannot assure that we will not incur material costs or liabilities as a result. Additionally, environmental laws, 
regulations,  and  permits  and  the  enforcement  thereof  change  frequently  and  have  tended  to  become  increasingly  stringent  over  time, 
which may necessitate substantial capital expenditures or operating costs or may require changes of production processes. Although we 
have  no  known  pending  material  environmental  issues,  there  is  no  assurance  that  we  will  not  be  adversely  impacted  by  any 
environmental costs, liabilities or claims in the future either under present laws and regulations or those that may be adopted or imposed 
in the future. Our costs, liabilities, and obligations relating to environmental matters may have a material adverse effect on our business, 
operating results and financial condition.

Our  facilities  in  the  U.S.  are  subject  to  regulation  by  the  Occupational  Safety  and  Health  Administration  (“OSHA”),  which  regulates  the 
protection  of  the  health  and  safety  of  workers.  In  addition,  the  OSHA  hazard  communication  standard  requires  that  we  maintain 
information about hazardous materials used or produced in our operations and that we provide this information to employees, state and 
local governmental authorities and local residents. We are also subject to occupational safety regulations in other countries. Our failure to 
comply  with  government  occupational  safety  regulations,  including  OSHA  requirements,  or  general  industry  standards  relating  to 
employee  health  and  safety,  keep  adequate  records  or  monitor  occupational  exposure  to  regulated  substances  could  expose  us  to 
liability, enforcement, and fines and penalties, and could have a material adverse effect on our business, operating results and financial 
condition.

Although we employ safety procedures in the design and operation of our facilities, there is a risk that an accident or injury to one of our 
employees could occur in one of our facilities. Any accident or injury to our employees could result in litigation, manufacturing delays and 
harm to our reputation, which could negatively affect our business, financial condition or results of operations.

Our business may be adversely affected by changes in automotive safety regulations or concerns that drive further regulation 
of the automobile safety market

Government vehicle safety regulations are a key driver in our business. Historically, these regulations have imposed ever more stringent 
safety regulations for vehicles. Safety regulations have a positive impact on driver awareness and acceptance of active safety products 
and  technology.  These  more  stringent  safety  regulations  often  require  vehicles  to  have  more  safety  content  per  vehicle  and  more 
advanced safety products, which has thus been a driver of growth in our business.

However, these regulations are subject to change based on a number of factors that are not within our control, including new scientific or 
medical data, adverse publicity regarding the industry recalls and safety risks of airbags or seatbelts (for instance, to children and small 
adults),  domestic  and  foreign  political  developments  or  considerations,  and  litigation  relating  to  our  products  and  our  competitors’ 
products. Changes in government regulations in response to these and other considerations could have a severe impact on our business. 
Although we believe that over time safety will continue to be a regulatory priority, if government priorities shift and we are unable to adapt 
to changing regulations, our business may suffer material adverse effects.

The  regulatory  obligation  of  complying  with  safety  regulations  could  increase  as  federal  and  local  regulators  impose  more  stringent 
compliance  and  reporting  requirements  in  response  to  product  recalls  and  safety  issues  in  our  industry.  We  are  subject  to  existing 
stringent  requirements  under  the  National  Traffic  and  Motor  Vehicle  Safety  Act  of  1966  (the  “Vehicle  Safety  Act”),  including  a  duty  to 
report, subject to strict timing requirements, safety defects with our products. The Vehicle Safety Act imposes potentially significant civil 
penalties for violations including the failure to comply with such reporting actions. We are also subject to the existing U.S. Transportation 
Recall Enhancement, Accountability and Documentation (TREAD) Act, which requires equipment manufacturers, such as our company, 
to  comply  with  “Early  Warning”  requirements  by  reporting  certain  information  to  the  National  Highway  Traffic  Safety  Administration 
(“NHTSA”) such as: information related to defects or reports of injury related to our products. TREAD imposes criminal liability for violating 
such requirements if a defect subsequently causes death or bodily injury. In addition, the National Traffic and Motor Vehicle Safety Act 
authorizes NHTSA to require a manufacturer to recall and repair vehicles that contain safety defects or fail to comply with U.S. federal 
motor vehicle safety standards. Sales into foreign countries may be subject to similar regulations.

Due to the recent record recall of airbag inflators of one of our competitors, additional legislation has been proposed in the U.S. Congress 
regarding the reporting requirements for product recalls. NHTSA has also become more active in requesting information from suppliers 
and vehicle manufactures regarding potential product defects. For example, in connection with the Toyota Recall, we, in connection with 
Toyota,  have  informed  NHTSA  of  the  reported  incidents  and  Toyota  has  discussed  with  NHTSA  what  action  it  will  take  to  address  the 
issue. 

22

The U.S. Department of Transportation issued regulations in 2016 that require manufacturers of certain autonomous vehicles to provide 
documentation  covering  specific  topics  to  regulators,  such  as  how  automated  systems  detect  objects  on  the  road,  how  information  is 
displayed  to  drivers,  what  cybersecurity  measures are  in  place and  the  methods  used to  test  the  design  and  validation  of  autonomous 
driving systems. If the regulatory obligation of complying with safety regulations increases it could require increased resources and have 
a material impact on our business.

Negative or unexpected tax developments could adversely affect our effective tax rate, operating results and financial condition

Our annual tax rate is based on our income and the tax laws in the jurisdictions in which we operate. Because of our global operations we 
face  uncertainties  and  judgments  in  the  application  of  complex  tax  regulations  in  a  multitude  of  jurisdictions.  Significant  judgment  is 
required  in  determining  our  effective  tax  rate  and  in  evaluating  our  tax  positions.  Although  we  believe  that  our  tax  estimates  are 
reasonable, the final determination of our tax liability may be different from what is reflected in our historical income tax provisions and 
accruals.

We are regularly examined by tax authorities around the world and we are currently under examination in a number of jurisdictions, which 
are inherently uncertain. Although we periodically assess the likelihood of adverse outcomes, negative or unexpected results from one or 
more of such reviews and audits, including any related interest or penalties by governmental authorities, could increase our effective tax 
rate and adversely impact our operating results.

The effective tax rates used for interim reporting are based on our projected full-year geographic earnings mix and consideration of our 
cash repatriation plans. Changes in currency exchange rates, earnings mix by taxing jurisdiction or in cash repatriation plans could impact 
our reported effective tax rates, or cause fluctuations in the tax rate from quarter to quarter. Any anti-trust judgements or settlements may 
not be tax deductible, which could have a material negative impact to our annual tax rate. A number of other factors may also increase 
our  effective  tax  rate,  which  could  have  an  adverse  impact  on  our  profitability  and  results  of  operations.  Due  to  our  numerous  foreign 
operations, our tax rate may be impacted by our global mix of earnings if our pre-tax income is lower than anticipated in countries with 
lower statutory tax rates and/or is higher than anticipated in countries with higher statutory tax rates. Based on U.S. regulatory rules, we 
do  not  record  current  or  deferred  tax  liabilities  on  permanent  investments  in  our  foreign  subsidiaries  and  our  foreign  earnings  that  are 
indefinitely  reinvested.  However,  if  our  non-U.S.  subsidiaries  were  to  distribute  cash  to  our  U.S.  parent  or  make  a  cash  outlay,  such 
transactions may result in an increase to our effective tax rate. However, based on the Tax Act, a substantial liability has been recorded. 
See Note 4 to the Consolidated Financial Statements.

Changes in, or changes in the application of, U.S. or foreign tax laws, regulations or accounting principles with respect to matters such as 
tax rates, transfer pricing, dividends and restrictions on certain forms of tax relief or limitations on favorable tax treatment could affect the 
carrying value of our deferred tax assets and/or our effective tax rate.

We may not be able to fully realize our deferred tax assets

We currently carry deferred tax assets, net of valuation allowances, resulting from deductible temporary differences and tax loss carry-
forwards,  both  of  which  will  reduce  taxable  income  in  the  future.  However,  deferred  tax  assets  may  only  be  realized  against  taxable 
income.  The  amount  of  our  deferred  tax  assets  could  be  reduced,  from  time  to  time,  due  to  adverse  changes  in  our  operations  or  in 
estimates of future taxable income from operations during the carry-forward period as a result of a deterioration in market conditions or 
other circumstances. Any such reduction would adversely affect our income in the period of the adjustment.

Additional information on our deferred tax assets is included in Note 4 to the Consolidated Financial Statements.

RISKS RELATED TO THE PROPOSED SEPARATION OF OUR ELECTRONICS BUSINESS

We  are  pursuing  a  plan  to  separate  our  Electronics  business  segment  into  an  independent,  publicly  traded  company.  The 
proposed  separation  is  subject  to  various  risks,  uncertainties  and  conditions,  may  not  be  completed  on  the  currently 
contemplated timeline, or at all, and may not achieve the intended benefits

On December 12, 2017, we announced our intent to pursue a separation of our Electronics business segment through a spin-off to our 
stockholders  following  a  strategic  review  of  the  Company’s  operating  structure.  The  separation,  which  is  currently  targeted  to  be 
completed during the third quarter of 2018, is subject to approval by our Board of Directors of the final terms of the separation and market, 
regulatory and certain other conditions. Unanticipated developments, including changes in market conditions, possible delays in obtaining 
various tax opinions or rulings, regulatory approvals or clearances, the uncertainty of the financial markets and challenges in executing 
the separation, could delay or prevent the completion of the proposed separation, or cause the proposed separation to occur on terms or 
conditions  that  are  different  or  less  favorable  than  expected.  Therefore,  we  cannot  assure  you  that  we  will  be  able  to  complete  the 
separation on the terms or on the timeline that we announced, if at all.

We expect that the process of completing the proposed separation will be time-consuming and involve significant costs and expenses, 
which  may  be  significantly  higher  than  what  we  currently  anticipate  and  may  not  yield  a  discernible  benefit  if  the  separation  is  not 
completed. Executing the proposed separation will require significant time and attention from our senior management and employees. We 
may  also  experience  increased  difficulties  in  attracting,  retaining  and  motivating  employees  during  the  pendency  of  the  separation  and 
following its completion, which could harm our businesses. 

23

We  may  not  be  successful  in  managing  these  or  any  other  significant  risks  that  we  encounter  in  working  towards  completion  of  the 
separation and following its completion, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial 
condition.

We  may  not  achieve  some  or  all  of  the  expected  benefits  of  the  separation,  and  the  separation  could  harm  our  business, 
financial condition and results of operations

Although  we  believe  that  separating  the  Passive  Safety  business  and  the  Electronics  business  by  means  of  a  spin-off  will  provide 
financial, operational, managerial and other benefits to us and our stockholders, the separation may not provide results on the scope or 
scale we anticipate, or such benefits may be delayed or not occur at all. As independent, publicly-traded companies, Autoliv and the new 
spin-off  company  will  be  smaller,  less  diversified  companies  with  a  narrower  business  focus  and  may  be  more  vulnerable  to  changing 
market conditions, which could materially adversely affect their respective businesses, results of operations and financial condition. We 
may experience negative reactions from financial markets if we do not complete the separation in a reasonable time period. 

There can be no assurance that the combined value of the common stock of the two publicly-traded companies following completion of 
the  proposed  separation  will  be  equal  to  or  greater  than  what  the  market  value  of  Autoliv  common  stock  would  have  been  had  the 
proposed separation not occurred, and may be higher or lower than the market value of Autoliv common stock immediately prior to the 
separation.  The  combined  value  of  the  common  stock  of  the  two  companies  could  be  lower  than  anticipated  for  a  variety  of  reasons, 
including, among others, the inability of the new spin-off company to operate and compete effectively as an independent company. Until 
the  market  has  fully  evaluated  the  business  of  Autoliv  without  the  Electronics’  business  and  potentially  thereafter,  the  price  at  which 
Autoliv’s  common  stock  trades  may  fluctuate  significantly.  Similarly,  until  the  market  has  fully  evaluated  the  new  spin-off  company’s 
business, and potentially thereafter, the price at which the new spin-off company’s common stock trades may fluctuate significantly.

The proposed separation may result in disruptions to, and negatively impact our relationships with, our customers and other 
parties

Uncertainty  related  to  the  proposed  separation  may  lead  customers  and  other  parties  with  which  we  currently  do  business  or  may  do 
business in the future to terminate or attempt to negotiate changes in existing business relationships, or consider entering into business 
relationships  with  parties  other  than  us.  These  disruptions  could  have  a  material  and  adverse  effect  on  our  businesses,  results  of 
operations, financial condition, and prospects. The effect of such disruptions could be worsened by any delays in the completion of the 
separation.

The proposed separation could result in substantial tax liability

We intend to obtain an opinion of outside counsel to the effect that, for U.S. federal income tax purposes, the separation will qualify, for 
both Autoliv and its stockholders, as a reorganization within the meaning of Sections 368(a)(1)(D) and 355 of the U.S. Internal Revenue 
Code  of  1986,  as  amended.  The  opinion  will  be  based  on  and  rely  on,  among  other  things,  certain  facts  and  assumptions,  as  well  as 
certain representations, statements and undertakings of Autoliv and the new spin-off company, including those relating to the past and 
future conduct of Autoliv and the new spin-off company. If any of these facts, assumptions, representations, statements or undertakings 
are, or become, inaccurate or incomplete, reliance on the opinion may be affected. An opinion of outside counsel represents their legal 
judgment  but  is  not  binding  on  the  IRS  or  any  court.  Accordingly,  there  can  be  no  assurance  that  the  IRS  will  not  challenge  the 
conclusions  reflected  in  the  opinion  or  that  a  court  would  not  sustain  such  a  challenge.  In  addition,  we  may  incur  certain  tax  costs  in 
connection  with  the  separation,  including  non-U.S.  tax  expense  resulting  from  separations  in  multiple  non-U.S.  jurisdictions  that  do  not 
legally provide for tax-free separations, which may be material.

Item 1B. Unresolved Staff Comments

Not applicable.

Item 2. Properties

Autoliv’s principal executive offices are located at Klarabergsviadukten 70, Section B7, SE-111 64, Stockholm, Sweden. Autoliv’s various 
businesses  operate  in  a  number  of  production  facilities  and  offices.  Autoliv  believes  that  its  properties  are  adequately  maintained  and 
suitable  for  their  intended  use  and  that  the  Company’s  production  facilities  have  adequate  capacity  for  the  Company’s  current  and 
foreseeable needs. All of Autoliv’s production facilities and offices are owned or leased by operating (either subsidiary or joint venture) 
companies.

24

Country/ Company

Brazil
Autoliv do Brasil Ltda.

Canada
Autoliv Canada, Inc.

Autoliv Electronics Canada, Inc.

AUTOLIV MANUFACTURING FACILITIES

Location of Facility

Reporting
Segment(s)

Items Produced at Facility

Owned/ 
Leased

Taubaté

Passive Safety

Seatbelts, airbags, steering wheels and 
seatbelt webbing

Owned

Tilbury

Markham

Passive Safety

Airbag cushions

Electronics

Airbag electronics, radar sensors

VOA Canada, Inc.

Collingwood

Passive Safety

Seatbelt webbing

China
Autoliv (Baoding) Vehicle Safety Systems 
Co., Ltd

Autoliv (Changchun) Vehicle Safety 
Systems Co., Ltd.

Baoding

Passive Safety

Airbags

Changchun

Passive Safety

Airbags and seatbelts

Autoliv (China) Electronics Co., Ltd.

Shanghai

Electronics

Airbag electronics

Autoliv (China) Steering Wheel Co., Ltd.

Shanghai

Passive Safety

Steering wheels

Autoliv (Guangzhou) Vehicle Safety 
Systems Co., Ltd.

Guangzhou

Passive Safety

Airbags and seatbelts

Autoliv (Nanjing) Vehicle Safety Systems 
Co., Ltd.

Nanjing

Passive Safety

Seatbelts

Autoliv Shenda (Nanjing) Automotive 
Components Co., Ltd.

Autoliv (Shanghai) Vehicle Safety 
Systems Co., Ltd.

Autoliv Shenda (Tai Cang) Automotive 
Safety Systems Co., Ltd.

Autoliv (Jiangsu) Automotive Safety 
Components Co., Ltd.

Autoliv (China) Automotive Safety 
Systems Co., Ltd.

Nanjing

Passive Safety

Seatbelt webbing

Shanghai

Passive Safety

Airbags

Shanghai

Passive Safety

Seatbelt webbing

Jintan

Passive Safety

Propellant, Airbag initiators and Airbag 
inflators

Owned

Nantong

Passive Safety

Airbag cushions

Mei-An Autoliv Co., Ltd.

Taipei

Passive Safety

Seatbelts and airbags

Autoliv Nissin Brake Systems 
(Zhongshan) Co., Ltd

Zhongshan

Electronics

Brake control systems

Estonia
AS Norma

France
Autoliv Electronic SAS

Autoliv France SNC

Autoliv Isodelta SAS

Livbag SAS

Tallinn

Passive Safety

Seatbelts and belt components

Owned

Saint-Etienne du 
Rouvray

Electronics

Airbag electronics

Gournay-en-Bray

Passive Safety

Seatbelts and airbags

Chiré-en-Montreuil

Passive Safety

Steering wheels and covers

Pont-de-Buis

Passive Safety

Airbag inflators

N.C.S. Pyrotechnie et Technologies SAS Survilliers

Passive Safety

Airbag initiators and seatbelt micro gas 
generators

Germany
Autoliv B.V. & Co. KG

Hungary
Autoliv Kft.

Dachau 
Elmshorn

Passive Safety
Passive Safety

Airbags
Seatbelts

Sopronkövesd

Passive Safety

Seatbelts

25

Owned

Leased

Owned

Leased

Owned

Owned

Owned

Owned

Owned

Owned

Owned

Owned

Owned

Leased

Owned

Owned

Owned

Owned

Owned

Owned

Leased
Owned

Owned

Country/ Company

Location of Facility

Reporting
Segment(s)

Items Produced at Facility

Owned/ 
Leased

India
Autoliv India Private Ltd.

Indonesia
P.T. Autoliv Indonesia

Japan
Autoliv Japan Ltd.

Autoliv Nissin Brake Systems Japan Co., 
Ltd

Malaysia
Autoliv-Hirotako Sdn Bhd

Mexico
Autoliv Mexico East S.A. de C.V.

Autoliv Mexico S.A. de C.V.

Autoliv Safety Technology de
Mexico S.A. de C.V.

Bangalore
Mysore
Delhi
Chennai
Rudrapur

Passive Safety
Passive Safety
Passive Safety
Passive Safety
Passive Safety

Seatbelts, airbags and steering wheels Leased
Owned
Seatbelt webbing
Seatbelts, airbags and steering wheels Leased
Leased
Seatbelts
Leased
Seatbelts

Jakarta

Passive Safety

Seatbelts and steering wheels

Owned

Atsugi
Hiroshima
Taketoyo
Tsukuba

Ueda
Shimo-Muroga
Saku City

Passive Safety
Passive Safety
Passive Safety
Passive Safety

Electronics
Electronics
Electronics

Steering wheels
Airbags and steering wheels
Airbag inflators
Airbags and seatbelts

Brake control systems
Brake control systems
Brake control systems

Owned
Owned
Owned
Owned

Leased
Leased
Leased

Kuala Lumpur

Passive Safety

Seatbelts, airbags and steering wheels Owned

Matamoros

Passive Safety

Steering wheels

Lerma

Tijuana

Passive Safety

Seatbelts

Passive Safety

Seatbelts

Autoliv Steering Wheels Mexico S. de 
R.L. de C.V.

Querétaro
Querétaro

Passive Safety
Passive Safety

Airbag cushions
Airbags

Philippines
Autoliv Cebu Safety Manufacturing, Inc.

Cebu

Passive Safety

Steering wheels

Owned

Owned

Leased

Leased
Leased

Owned

Owned
Owned

Poland
Autoliv Poland Sp. zo.o.

Romania
Autoliv Romania S.R.L. 

Russia
OOO Autoliv

South Africa
Autoliv Southern Africa (Pty) Ltd.

South Korea
Autoliv Corporation

Spain
Autoliv BKI S.A.U.

Sweden
Autoliv Sverige AB

Olawa
Jelcz-Laskowice

Passive Safety
Passive Safety

Airbag cushions
Airbags and seatbelts

Brasov

Passive Safety

Seatbelts,  seatbelt  webbing,  airbags, 
airbag  inflators,  springs  for  retractors 
and seatbelt components

Owned

Lugoj
Sfantu Georghe
Onesti

Passive Safety
Passive Safety
Passive Safety

Airbag cushions
Steering wheels
Steering wheels

Owned
Owned
Leased

Togliatti

Passive Safety

Airbags, seatbelts and steering wheels Leased

Krügersdorp

Passive Safety

Seatbelts and airbags

Hwasung
Wonju

Passive Safety
Passive Safety

Airbags
Seatbelts

Valencia

Passive Safety

Airbags

Owned

Owned
Owned

Owned

Vårgårda

Passive Safety and 
Electronics

Airbag inflators and airbag electronics, 
vision cameras and radar

Owned

26

Country/ Company

Thailand
Autoliv Thailand Ltd.

Tunisia
SWT1 SARL
ASW3 SARL

Turkey
Autoliv Cankor Otomotiv Emniyet 
Sistemleri Sanayi Ve Ticaret A.S.

Autoliv Teknoloji Urunleri Sanayi ve 
Ticaret Ltd. Sti.

Location of Facility

Reporting
Segment(s)

Items Produced at Facility

Chonburi
Chonburi

Passive Safety
Passive Safety 

Seatbelts
Airbags, airbag cushions, steering 
wheels

El Fahs
Nadhour

Passive Safety
Passive Safety

Leather wrapping of steering wheels
Leather wrapping of steering wheels

Owned/ 
Leased

Owned
Leased

Owned & 
Leased 
Owned

Gebze-Kocaeli

Passive Safety

Airbags and seatbelts

Owned

Gebze-Kocaeli

Passive Safety

Steering wheels

Autoliv Metal Pres Sanayi ve Ticaret A.S. Gebze-Kocaeli

Passive Safety

Seatbelt components

United Kingdom
Airbags International Ltd

USA
Autoliv ASP, Inc.

Congleton

Passive Safety

Airbag cushions

Brigham City
Goleta
Ogden
Ogden
Promontory
Tremonton

Passive Safety
Electronics
Passive Safety
Passive Safety
Passive Safety
Passive Safety

Airbag inflators
Night vision
Airbags
Airbags and service parts
Propellant
Airbag initiators and seatbelt micro gas 
generators

Autoliv Nissin Brake Systems America 
LLC

Findlay

Electronics

Brake control systems

TECHNICAL CENTERS AND CRASH TEST TRACKS

Leased

Owned

Owned

Owned
Leased
Owned
Leased
Owned
Owned

Leased

Country / Company

China
Autoliv (Shanghai) Vehicle Safety System 
Technical Center Co., Ltd.

Location

Shanghai

Reporting
Segment(s)

Product(s) Supported

Passive Safety and 
Electronics

Airbags and seatbelts customer 
applications and platform development 
with full-scale test laboratory

France
Autoliv France SNC

Gournay-en-Bray

Passive Safety

Autoliv Electronics SAS

Cergy-Pontoise

Electronics

Airbags and seatbelts customer 
applications and platform development 
with full-scale test laboratory

Electronics platform development and 
customer applications

Livbag SAS

Germany
Autoliv B.V. & Co. KG

India
Autoliv India Private Ltd.

Pont-de-Buis

Passive Safety

Inflator and pyrotechnic development

Dachau

Elmshorn

Holzgerlingen

Bangalore

Passive Safety and 
Electronics

Electronics customer applications and 
platform development, airbags with full-
scale test laboratory

Passive Safety

Seatbelts with full-scale test laboratory

Electronics

Electronics customer application

Passive Safety and 
Electronics

Electronics, airbags and seatbelts with 
sled testing

27

Country / Company

Japan
Autoliv Japan Ltd.

Location

Reporting
Segment(s)

Product(s) Supported

Tsukuba

Passive Safety

Airbags and seatbelts customer 
applications and platform development 
with sled test laboratory

Autoliv Nissin Brake Systems Japan Co., Ltd. Tochigi

Hiroshima

Yokohama

Electronics

Electronics

Electronics

Electronics platform development

Electronics platform development

Brake systems

Poland
Autoliv Poland Sp.z.o.o.

Romania
Autoliv Romania S.R.L.

South Korea
Autoliv Corporation

Sweden
Autoliv Development AB

Autoliv Sverige AB

Olawa

Passive Safety

Airbags platform development

Brasov

Timisoara

Seoul

Vårgårda

Linköping

Vårgårda

Passive Safety

Seatbelts with sled test laboratory

Electronics

Electronics for passive and active safety

Passive Safety and 
Electronics

Electronics, airbags and seatbelts 
customer applications and platform 
development with sled test laboratory

Passive Safety and 
Electronics
Electronics

Passive Safety

Research center

Electronics platform development

Airbags customer applications and 
platform development with full-scale test 
laboratory

Göteborg

Electronics

Electronics customer application

USA
Autoliv ASP Inc.

Auburn Hills

Passive Safety

Ogden

Passive Safety

Southfield

Electronics

Lowell

Goleta

Electronics

Electronics

Airbags, steering wheels, and seatbelts 
customer applications and platform 
development with full-scale test 
laboratory

Airbags, inflators and pyrotechnics 
customer applications and platform 
development
Brake systems, electronics customer 
application and platform development

Electronics platform development

Electronics customer application

Item 3. Legal Proceedings

Various claims, lawsuits and proceedings are pending or threatened against the Company or its subsidiaries, covering a range of matters 
that arise in the ordinary course of its business activities with respect to commercial matters, product liability matters and other matters. 
Litigation is subject to many uncertainties, and the outcome of any litigation cannot be assured. After discussions with counsel, and with 
the  exception  of  losses  resulting  from  the  antitrust  matters  described  below,  it  is  the  opinion  of  management  that  the  various  legal 
proceedings  and  investigations  to  which  the  Company  currently  is  a  party  will  not  have  a  material  adverse  impact  on  the  consolidated 
financial position of Autoliv, but the Company cannot provide assurance that Autoliv will not experience material litigation, product liability 
or other losses in the future.

The  Company  is  subject  to  ongoing  antitrust  investigations  by  governmental  authorities  in  several  jurisdictions,  as  well  as  related  civil 
litigation.  For  further  discussion  of  these  antitrust  matters  and  other  legal  proceedings  see  Note  16  Contingent  Liabilities  to  the 
Consolidated Financial Statements of this Annual Report.

Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures

Not applicable.

28

PART II

Item 5. Market for Registrant’s  Common Equity, Related Stockholder  Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities

Shareholder Information

The  primary  exchange  market  for  the  Autoliv  securities  is  NYSE  while  Autoliv  Swedish  Depositary  Receipts  (SDRs)  are  traded  on 
NASDAQ Stockholm’s list for large market cap companies.  

Share price performance

New York
First Trading Day
Year High
Year Low
Closing

Stockholm
First Trading Day
Year High
Year Low
Closing

Price ($) 
113.90 
129.61 
96.27 
127.08 

$
$
$
$

Price (SEK) 
1,056.00 
1,093.00 
840.00 
1,047.00 

Date
January 3, 2017
December 1, 2017
April 13, 2017
December 29, 2017

Date
January 2, 2017
December 8, 2017
August 29, 2017
December 29, 2017

New York (US$)

Stockholm (SEK)

PERIOD
Q1 2017
Q2 2017
Q3 2017
Q4 2017

Q1 2016
Q2 2016
Q3 2016
Q4 2016

$
$
$
$

$
$
$
$

High 
116.39  $
115.36  $
127.15  $
129.61  $

121.63  $
125.77  $
113.93  $
113.41  $

Low 
100.67  $
96.27  $
105.44  $
120.00  $

96.71  $
107.45  $
103.22  $
94.29  $

Close   
102.26   
109.80   
123.60   
127.08   

118.48   
107.45   
106.80   
113.15   

High 
1,056.00   
995.50   
1,019.00   
1,093.00   

1,031.00   
1,039.00   
971.00   
1,044.00   

Low 
890.50   
869.50   
840.00   
1,000.00   

Close 
918.00 
924.00 
1,009.00 
1,047.00 

813.00   
899.00   
879.00   
850.00   

965.00 
900.50 
910.00 
1,028.00  

Number of shares

During  2017,  the  number  of  shares  outstanding  decreased  by  1.3  million  to  87.0  million  (excluding  dilution  and  treasury  shares).  The 
weighted average number of shares outstanding for the full year 2017, assuming dilution, was reduced to 87.7 from 88.4 million in 2016. 

Stock options (if exercised), granted Restricted Stock Units (RSUs) and Performance Shares (PSs) could increase the number of shares 
outstanding by 0.7 million shares in total. Combined, this would add 0.8% to the Autoliv shares outstanding. On December 31, 2017, 3.0 
million shares were available for repurchase under the current Board authorization from 2014. On December 31, 2017, the Company had 
15.8 million treasury shares.

29

 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
     
     
   
   
     
     
 
 
 
 
 
Number of shareholders

Autoliv  estimates  that  there  were  approximately  70,000  beneficial  Autoliv  owners  as  of  December  31,  2017.  Close  to  22%  of  Autoliv’s 
securities  were  held  by  U.S.-based  shareholders  and  around  53%  by  Sweden-based  shareholders.  Most  of  the  remaining  Autoliv 
securities were held in the U.K., other Nordic countries, Central Europe, Japan and Canada.

Dividends

If declared by the Board of Directors, quarterly dividends are usually paid on the first Thursday in the last month of each quarter. Declared 
dividends are announced in press releases and published on Autoliv’s corporate website.

Period
Q1 2017
Q2 2017
Q3 2017
Q4 2017

Q1 2016
Q2 2016
Q3 2016
Q4 2016

Dividend
declared 
0.60 
0.60 
0.60 
0.60 

0.58 
0.58 
0.58 
0.58 

$
$
$
$

$
$
$
$

Dividend
paid 
0.58 
0.60 
0.60 
0.60 

0.56 
0.58 
0.58 
0.58  

 $
 $
 $
 $

 $
 $
 $
 $

For more information, see Shareholder Returns in Item 7. 

Stock incentive plan

Under  the  Autoliv,  Inc.  1997  Stock  Incentive  Plan,  as  amended  and  restated  (the  “Stock  Incentive  Plan”)  the  Company  implemented  a 
new  long-term  equity  incentive  program  during  2016,  to  more  closely  reflect  market  practice  and  align  pay  delivery  with  our  financial 
performance. Employees receive 50% of their LTI grant value in the form of Performance Shares and 50% in the form of Restricted Stock 
Units (see Note 15 in this Annual Report).

Autoliv has adopted a Stock Ownership Policy for Executives requiring the Company’s CEO to accumulate and hold Autoliv shares having 
a value of twice his annual base salary. For other executives, the minimum requirement is, over time, a holding equal to each executive’s 
annual base salary.

Stock repurchase  program

Autoliv initiated its repurchase program in 2000 with 10 million shares and subsequently expanded the authorization four times between 
2000 and 2014 to 47.5 million shares.

Such purchases may be made from time to time on the open market or otherwise at the discretion of management. There is no expiration 
date for the share repurchase authorization to provide management flexibility in the Company’s repurchases.

In  total,  Autoliv  repurchased  44.5  million  shares  between  May  2000  and  December  31,  2017  for  cash  of  $2,498  million,  including 
commissions. The maximum number of shares that may yet be purchased under the stock repurchase program amounted to 2,986,288 
shares at December 31, 2017.

Of the total number of repurchased shares, 23.6 million shares were utilized for the equity units offering during 2009-2012. In addition, 5.1 
million shares have been utilized by the Stock Incentive Plan. At December 31, 2017, 15.8 million of the repurchased shares remain in 
treasury stock.

During the quarter ended December 31, 2017, and since June 30, 2017, Autoliv made no share repurchases.

30

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
Item 6. Selected Financial Data

Selected financial data for the last five fiscal years ended December 31 is summarized in the table below.

 (DOLLARS IN MILLIONS, EXCEPT PER SHARE DATA)
Sales and Income
Net sales
Operating income
Income before income taxes
Net income attributable to controlling interest
Financial Position
Current assets excluding cash
Property, plant and equipment, net
Intangible assets (primarily goodwill)
Non-interest bearing liabilities
Capital employed
Net debt (cash)
Total equity
Total assets
Long-term debt
Share data
Earnings per share (US$) – basic
Earnings per share (US$) – assuming dilution
Total parent shareholders’ equity per share (US$)
Cash dividends paid per share (US$)
Cash dividends declared per share (US$)
Share repurchases
Number of shares outstanding (million)2)
Ratios
Gross margin (%)
Operating margin (%)
Pretax margin (%)
Return on capital employed (%)
Return on total equity (%)
Total equity ratio (%)
Net debt to capitalization (%)
Days receivables outstanding
Days inventory outstanding
Other data
Airbag sales3), 5)
Seatbelt sales5)
Restraint control and sensing sales5)
Active safety sales
Brake control system sales
Net cash provided by operating activities
Capital expenditures, net
Net cash used in investing activities
Net cash (used in) provided by financing activities
Number of employees, December 31

20171) 4)

20161)

20151)

20141)

20131) 4)

  $

10,383    $
605     
507     
427     

10,074    $
848     
804     
567     

9,170    $
728     
676     
457     

9,240    $
723     
667     
468     

3,245     
1,973     
1,854     
3,039     
4,549     
379     
4,169     
8,550     
1,322     

4.88     
4.87     
46.38     
2.38     
2.40     
157     
87.0     

20.7     
5.8     
4.9     
13     
7     
49     
8     
74     
33     

2,914     
1,658     
2,083     
2,765     
4,240     
313     
3,926     
8,234     
1,324     

6.43     
6.42     
41.69     
2.30     
2.32     
—     
88.2     

20.4     
8.4     
8.0     
20     
15     
48     
7     
74     
33     

2,705     
1,437     
1,794     
2,518     
3,670     
202     
3,468     
7,526     
1,499     

5.18     
5.17     
39.22     
2.22     
2.24     
104     
88.1     

20.1     
7.9     
7.4     
20     
14     
46     
6     
73     
33     

2,607     
1,390     
1,661     
2,400     
3,504     
62     
3,442     
7,443     
1,521     

5.08     
5.06     
38.64     
2.12     
2.14     
616     
88.7     

19.5     
7.8     
7.2     
21     
12     
46     
2   
71     
32     

8,803 
761 
734 
486 

2,582 
1,336 
1,687 
2,364 
3,489 
(511)
4,000 
6,983 
279 

5.09 
5.07 
42.17 
2.00 
2.02 
148 
94.4 

19.4 
8.6 
8.3 
22 
13 
57 
N/A 
70 
31 

5,342     
2,794     
997     
777     
473     
936     
570     
(697)    
(566)    
63,000     

5,256     
2,665     
1,031     
739     
383     
868     
499     
(726)    
(200)    
61,500     

5,036     
2,599     
923     
611     
—     
751     
450     
(591)    
(319)    
54,600     

5,019     
2,800     
932     
489     
—     
713     
453     
(453)    
226     
50,800     

4,822 
2,773 
863 
345 
— 
838 
379 
(377)
(318)
46,900  

1)

Costs  in  2017,  2016,  2015,  2014  and  2013  for  capacity  alignments,  antitrust  matters,  separation  of  our  business  segments  (2017)  and  goodwill 
impairment (2017) reduced operating income by (millions) $287, $37, $166, $120 and $47, respectively, and net income by (millions) $245, $29, 
$131, $80 and $33. This corresponds to 2.8%, 0.4%, 1.8%, 1.3% and 0.6% on operating margins and 2.4%, 0.3%, 1.4%, 0.9% and 0.4% on net 
margins. The impact on EPS was $1.71, $0.33, $1.48, $0.87 and $0.34 while return on total equity was reduced by 5.8%, 0.7%, 1.7%, 1.9 % and 
0.8% and for the same five-year period. 2) At year-end, excluding dilution and net of treasury shares. 3) Incl. steering wheels, inflators and initiators. 
4) Including adjustments to record a non-cash valuation allowance for deferred tax assets of $39 million on net income and capital employed, and 
$0.41 on EPS and total parent shareholder equity per share in 2013. In 2017, a reversal of valuation allowances of $117 million for deferred tax 
assets, net income and capital employed, and $1.12 on EPS and total parent shareholder equity per share. 5) Including Corporate and Other sales. 

31

 
   
   
   
   
 
   
      
      
      
      
  
   
   
   
   
      
      
      
      
  
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
      
      
      
      
  
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
      
      
      
      
  
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
      
      
      
      
  
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

Important Trends

Autoliv,  Inc.  (the  “Company”)  provides  advanced  safety  technology  products  for  the  automotive  safety  market.  In  the  three-year  period 
ended December 31, 2017 a number of factors have influenced the Company’s operations. The most notable factors have been:

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

Rapid development of the active safety market towards autonomous driving

Growth in global light vehicle production

Continued focus on operational efficiency

Significant changes in competitive environment

Importance of quality increasing

Adjustment of capital structure

Strong order intake in Passive Safety and Electronics

Strategic review with intention to separate Passive Safety and Electronics in two independent public companies

20171)

20161)

20151)

YEARS ENDED DEC. 31 (DOLLARS IN MILLIONS, EXCEPT EPS)
Global light vehicle production (in thousands)
Consolidated net sales
Operating income
Operating margin, %
Net income attributable to controlling interest
Earnings per share, EPS2)
Net cash provided by operating activities
Return on capital employed, %

  Reported    change     Reported    change
    92,128     
  $ 10,383     
605     
  $
5.8     
427     
4.87     
936     
12.7     

2  %   90,056   
3  % $ 10,074   
848   
8.4   
567   
6.42   
868   
20.3   

(29) % $
(2.6) pp 
(25) % $
(24) % $
8  % $
(7.6) pp 

5 %    85,828   
10 %  $ 9,170   
728   
16 %  $
7.9   
0.5pp   
457   
24 %  $
5.17   
24 %  $
751   
16 %  $
20.4   
(0.1)pp   

  $
  $
  $

1 %
1 %
1 %
0.1pp
2 %
2 %
5 %
(0.1)pp

    Reported    change

1)

2)

Reported  figures  impacted  by  costs  for  capacity  alignments  and  antitrust  related  matters  in  2015-2017,  and  by  separation  costs  and  impairment 
charge in 2017. See section Items affecting comparability and Notes 10 and 16 to the Consolidated Financial Statements included herein.
Assuming dilution and net of treasury shares.

GROWTH IN LIGHT VEHICLE PRODUCTION AND SAFETY CONTENT PER VEHICLE

The  most  important  driver  for  Autoliv’s  Passive  Safety  and  Restraint  Control  System  (RCS)  sales  is  the  light  vehicle  production  (LVP). 
Full-year 2017 global light vehicle production hit a new record, the eighth year in a row, increasing with slightly more than 2%. In 2016, the 
LVP grew by 5% and in 2015, the year-over-year growth in LVP was more than 1%. 

The main markets contributing to the global LVP growth are China and Europe. China, the largest LVP market, grew by more than 16% or 
3.8 million light vehicles (LV) from 2015 to 2017.  However, in 2017, we saw a more moderate growth of around 2%, partly as result of the 
pull forward effect from the tax incentives on smaller vehicles in 2016. In China, LVP is expected to continue to grow, but more in line with 
global  LVP.  In  Europe,  which  is  an  important  market  for  advanced  automotive  safety  systems,  LVP  increased  by  close  to  7%  or  by 
approximately 1.4 million LVs during the same three-year period. In North America, LVP declined by more than 4% or 0.8 million units in 
2017 as LV sales declined for the first time since the recession in 2009-2010 and we experienced a reduction in vehicle inventories as car 
manufactures adapted inventory levels to support lower vehicle sales targets. Despite the negative impact from North America the market 
has maintained an overall growth rate of around 7% for the period 2015 to 2017. During the same period, China has increased its share of 
global LVP from 27% to 29%, Europe’s share has remained unchanged at 24% while North America has declined from 19% to 17%. 

Thanks to strong domestic demand and growing export to other countries, LVP in India increased by 16% during the three year period to 
4.4 million vehicles in 2017. Several other markets decreased their share of global LVP as their LVP declined between 2015 and 2017. 
North  America  and  South  Korea  contracted  the  most  with  approximately  3%  and  7%  respectively.  The  ease  in  obtaining  credit  for 
automotive  purchases  in  the  important  Brazilian  market  has  created  a  rebound  in  light  vehicle  sales  and  production  for  the  South 
American market, increasing its LVP with close to 7% over the three year period. Additionally, LVP in Japan grew by more than 5%.

Thanks  to  more  stringent  crash  ratings,  by  institutes  such  as  EuroNCAP,  and  the  trends  towards  more  automated  vehicles,  we  see  a 
strong  demand  of  more  active  safety  sensors  and  software.  We  also  see  vehicle  manufacturers  installing  more  airbags  and  more 
advanced seatbelt systems in their vehicles, generally when new models are introduced. The safety standards of vehicles are increasing 
in China, India and other growth markets such as Brazil, partially due to new regulations and crash test rating programs. For example the 
Indian government has decided on a new traffic regulations that mandate more rigid crash test standards of light vehicles. This should 
eventually lead to higher installation rate of airbags and more advanced seatbelts. Thanks for these positive worldwide trends, as well as 
currency  translation  effects,  the  average  global  safety  content  (airbags,  seatbelts,  steering  wheels,  safety  electronics  and  active  safety 
sensors such as radars, cameras and night vision systems) per LV has increased from $295 to $310 during the period 2015-2017. This 
increase comes despite the fact that growth in global LVP is partly concentrated in markets with lower average safety content per vehicle 
such  as  China  and  India,  where  the  CPV  is  only  approximately  $225  and  $95,  respectively.  In  addition,  there  is  a  negative  effect  from 
continued pricing pressure from vehicle manufacturers.

32

 
 
   
   
 
 
   
   
These trends, in combination with the introduction of various ADAS systems, should enable the global automotive safety market to grow 
at  least  in  line  with  global  LVP  during  the  next  three  years  and.  As  safety  content  per  vehicle  in  growth  markets  improves  and  active 
safety content per vehicle increases, primarily in the mature markets, the opportunity for us to outperform global LVP exists.

WELL BALANCED GLOBAL FOOTPRINT

Autoliv’s  regional  sales  mix  continues  to  be  balanced  with  32%  of  sales  in  Europe,  31%  in  the  Americas  and  37%  in  Asia  in  2017, 
compared to 30%, 34% and 36%, respectively, in 2016. In Asia, our sales in the important Chinese market represents 18% of total sales 
in 2017. The strong position in China is important as it positions the Company well in the world’s largest automotive producing market.

The balanced regional sales mix has been achieved through timely investments and strengthening of technical and support capabilities in 
growth markets and early introduction and execution of our restructuring and capacity alignment activities. We have also made substantial 
investments to increase manufacturing capacity for vertical integration in China and Thailand, to further improve our competitiveness.

For Asia as a whole, the effect of the higher production volumes in China and Japan was partly offset by declining production in South 
Korea. For additional information on Autoliv’s dependence on certain customers and vehicle models, see Part I, Item 1 Business.

Our sales to premium brand OEMs account for around 20% total sales, while their share of global LVP is approximately 10%. Our strong 
position  with  premium  OEMs  reflects  the  higher  safety  content  in  their  vehicles  along  with  our  position  as  a  technology  leader  in  the 
automotive safety market. Of the European OEMs Daimler stands out, accounting for 8% of Autoliv’s sales, representing more than two 
times their global LVP market share. This is a result of our strong position within passive safety products and our continued success with 
active safety systems in their vehicles. The Detroit Three automobile manufacturers, - Ford, Fiat Chrysler and GM account for 10%, 6% 
and  6%  respectively.  Because  Autoliv  was  on  new  business  hold  with  GM  during  2011-2012  and  PSA’s  acquisition  of  GM’s  European 
brand Opel, GM’s share of Autoliv sales declined from 12% in 2015 to 6% in 2017. This has affected most regions not only Europe and 
North  America.  Among  OEMs  based  in  Asia,  Honda  and  Hyundai/Kia  both  account  for  10%  of  Autoliv  sales.  The  brake  control  sales 
account for close to 40% of the total sales to Honda.

STRENGTHENING CAPABILITIES FOR ELECTRONICS INCLUDING ACTIVE SAFETY WITH GROWING ORDER INTAKE

In  addition  to  our  commitment  to  enhance  passive  safety,  we  are  rapidly  expanding  our  active  safety  systems  capabilities.  The  active 
safety market that we address is expected to grow by 20-30% per year in the coming five years.

In Europe, Euro NCAP continuously updates its test rating program to include more active safety technologies to help the European Union 
reach its target of cutting road fatalities by 50% by 2020. Also, the U.S. National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) plans to 
ensure  that  its  safety  rating  program  continues  to  encourage  both  consumers  and  automakers  to  develop  and  adopt  active  safety 
technologies. These actions will help to further drive the market for improved preventive safety and more automation in vehicles.

To capitalize on the strong growth both in Electronics and Passive safety, we have gradually increased the amount of R,D&E expenditure, 
net. Since 2015 R,D&E expenditures, net has increased from $524 million to $741 million in 2017, or from 5.7% to 7.1% of sales.

As a result of these undertakings in R,D&E and of our investments in additional manufacturing capacity, sales in active safety grew from 
$611 million in 2015 to $777 million in 2017, an increase of 27%. Our order intake in Active Safety has increased from $0.4 billion in 2015 
to $1.6 billion in lifetime sales in 2017, an increase of approximately 300%. For Electronics as a whole, sales have grown from $1,589 
million in 2015 to $2,322 million in 2017, an increase of 46%, mainly explained by the acquisition of Autoliv-Nissin Brake Systems (ANBS) 
in  2016.  Electronics  order  intake  have  increased  from  $1.1  billion  in  2015  to  $4.0  billion  in  lifetime  sales  in  2017,  an  increase  of 
approximately 250%.

To further strengthen our capabilities, we formed a joint venture with Volvo Cars to develop software for autonomous driving and driver 
assistance systems. The joint venture, named Zenuity, was formed in April 2017 and operates in the growing global market for advanced 
driver assist and autonomous driving software systems. Headquartered in Gothenburg, Sweden and with additional operations in Munich, 
Germany,  and  Detroit,  MI  U.S.,  the  initial  work-force  of  around  200  people  came  from  both  Autoliv  and  Volvo  Cars.  Zenuity  grew  to 
around  500  employees  and  consultants  at  the  end  of  2017.  Autoliv  is  the  exclusive  supplier  and  distribution  channel  for  all  Zenuity 
products sold to third parties. 

In 2017, Autoliv added further competence and capabilities to our product offerings by entering several co-operations and partnerships 
including  with  Seeing  Machines  for  driver  monitoring  systems,  Velodyne  for  LiDAR  solutions  and  NVIDIA,  together  with  Zenuity,  for  AI 
computing platforms. Additionally, we have further strengthened our LiDAR and Time of Flight camera competence by acquiring all the 
shares in Fotonic i Norden dp AB. Our JV Zenuity in turn has also broadened its capabilities through co-operation with Ericsson for cloud 
solutions and with TomTom for HD mapping solutions.  

On  March  31,  2016  we  finalized  the  agreement  with  Nissin  Kogyo  to  form  a  joint  venture,  Autoliv-Nissin  Brake  Systems  (ANBS).  The 
formation of ANBS allows us to offer state of the art brake control and actuation systems to auto manufacturers around the world. It will 
further enhance our role as the leading safety system supplier for the future car. ANBS expanded its customer base in 2016 by winning a 
$1.1 billion contract with a Detroit based OEM on a major platform followed by an additional order win in 2017 in Detroit.

33

GROWING PASSIVE SAFETY

Building  on  a  strong  base,  including  delivering  for  around  1,300  models  and  100  car  brands,  the  Passive  Safety  segment  recorded  its 
highest order intake ever in 2017, winning more than 50% of available orders. This is the third consecutive year with order intake at about 
50% or more in Passive Safety. The share of order intake in the past three years is significantly above our sales market share of 38% in 
2017. Part of the high order intake is the consequence of major recalls by another airbag manufacturer. The most substantial increase in 
order intake was in 2015, which increased by 80%, compared to 2014, to $11.9 billion in life-time sales. Since 2015, Passive Safety order 
intake has continued to increase and reached $12.9 billion in 2017, an increase of 8% compared to 2015. 

Due to the lead time from order to start of production, 2017 was the first year the increased level of order intake began to impact our sales 
growth positively through the launches of several new models, including e.g. Honda Accord, Honda Odyssey, VW Polo and Tesla Model 3 
among others. The lead time from order to start of production is typically 18-36 months. During this period the products are engineered 
into  the  vehicle  to  provide  adequate  protection  for  occupants  in  case  of  a  crash  and  to  meet  legal  requirements,  as  well  as  other 
requirements from the vehicle manufacture. This investment in new products is one main explanation of the increase in RD&E expenses, 
net, between 2015 and 2017. Additionally, we have to build up production capacity, in the form of new lines and buildings, to meet future 
product launches.

OPERATIONAL INITIATIVES

Over the years we have seen an uneven capacity utilization in several of our plants, mainly in Europe. Therefore, our capacity alignment 
program  was  expanded  in  2015  and  the  costs  for  restructuring  activities  in  2015  amounted  to  $80  million.  The  costs  for  restructuring 
activities in 2016 and 2017 were on a more normalized level and amounted to $24 million and to $27 million, respectively.

The current restructuring activities are expected to have a payback period of around 3 years, or more, after cash-out. The cash payments 
in  2017  were  $27  million  compared  to  $73  million  in  2016  and  $64  million  in  2015.  As  of  December  31,  2017,  we  have  $42  million 
reserved in our balance sheet related to restructuring (see Note 10).

Capital expenditures, net of $570 million in 2017, was $71 million and $120 million more than in 2016 and 2015, respectively.  In relation 
to  sales  Capital  expenditures,  net  was  5.5%  in  2017  and  4.9%  in  both  2016  and  2015.  The  historically  high  Capital  expenditures,  net, 
supports our growth strategy and reflects the high order intake for the period 2015 to 2017.

NEED FOR EFFICIENCIES

Pricing  pressure  is  an  inherent  part  of  the  automotive  supplier  business.  Price  reductions  are  generally  higher  on  newer  products  with 
strong  volume  growth  compared  to  older  products,  where  both  the  possibilities  to  re-design  the  product  to  reduce  costs  and  market 
growth are less. Price reductions also depend on the business cycle. For the period 2015-2017, we estimate the average reduction of our 
market  prices  to  have  been  in  the  range  of  2-4%  annually.  To  meet  these  price  reductions,  we  have  several  programs  and  actions 
addressing every item in our cost structure. Beginning in 2014 we emphasized globalizing our products and processes through our “one 
product  one  process”  (1P1P)  strategy.  This  strategy,  combined  with  initiatives  to  reduce  costs  for  components  from  external  suppliers, 
ensures that we continuously optimize our supply base footprint, consolidate purchase volumes to fewer suppliers, improve productivity in 
our  supply  chain,  standardize  components  and  redesign  our  products.  In  the  period  2015-2017,  raw  material  commodity  costs  were 
reduced by around $40 million.

To reduce labor costs while offsetting the price erosion on our products, we continuously implement productivity improvement programs, 
expand  production  in  Best  Cost  Countries  (BCCs)  and  institute  restructuring  and  capacity  alignment  activities.  The  productivity 
improvements  in  Autoliv’s  manufacturing  exceeded  5%  for  every  year  for  the  past  five  years.  This  is  well  in  line  with  our  productivity 
improvement target of at least 5% per year, which helps us to partly offset the price reductions to our customers. The level of employees 
in the BCCs has remained unchanged at around 75% of the total headcount for the period 2015-2017, although acquisitions and further 
investment  in  new  technologies  added  employees  in  High  Cost  Countries  (HCCs).  Despite  higher  raw  material  prices  in  2017,  these 
initiatives,  in  combination  with  our  restructuring  activities,  investment  in  vertical  integration  and  several  other  actions  were  enough  to 
offset the market price erosion.

FOCUS ON QUALITY INCREASING 

The number of vehicles recall in the automotive industry has risen sharply over the last few years, beginning in 2014, with the massive 
recall of the General Motors ignition switch. In 2015 and 2016 the Takata airbag inflators recall generated a record number of recalls in 
the automotive industry. We expect overall recall numbers to remain high for years to come, and although we strive for the highest quality 
in our processes, it cannot be ruled out that we may be adversely impacted by a future recall.

Quality has always been our number one priority and we continue to sharpen our focus in this area. We now command a market share of 
38% in passive safety. At the same time, we have been involved in less than 2% of passive safety and electronics related recalls in the 
industry in the past eight years; an important indicator that we are delivering on our quality strategy. For Electronics, we estimate we have 
been involved in less than 1% of safety recalls in the same period. For more information see product warranty and recalls in Note 11. 

34

CHANGES IN COMPETITIVE LANDSCAPE

During  the  period  2015  to  2017,  we  experienced  significant  changes  in  our  competitive  landscape.  In  2015,  TRW,  a  key  competitor  in 
passive  safety,  was  acquired  by  German  group  ZF  Friedrichshafen.  Combined,  the  new  company  is  the  third-largest  passive  safety 
supplier globally. In 2016, Key Safety Systems (“KSS”) was acquired by Ningbo Joyson Electronic Corp. Beginning in 2014, Takata, our 
largest competitor in passive safety, experienced severe issues and recalls related to malfunctioning airbag inflators, leading the company 
to file for bankruptcy protection in the U.S. and Japan. KSS has now announced that it signed a definitive agreement with Takata under 
which KSS will acquire substantially all of Takata's global assets and operations. 

The active safety market remains relatively fragmented with more numerous and sizeable competitors than in the passive safety market. 
Key competitors in the active safety market include Aptiv, Bosch, Continental, Denso, Magna, Valeo and ZF. Bosch and Continental are 
our largest competitors in restraint control systems with market shares slightly below Autoliv’s market share.

Mobileye, the current market leader in camera based mono vision algorithms was acquired by the computer chip maker Intel in 2017. In 
addition, new potential industry entrants like Nvidia, Qualcom, Baidu, Apple, Uber, Google, Microsoft, Tesla, Lyft and Samsung are testing 
solutions in the field of autonomous driving.

In the brake control market, we estimate that ANBS had a market share of close to 4% in 2017. Our key competitors in the brake control 
market include ADVICS, Bosch, Continental, Mando and ZF.

STRATEGIC REVIEW WITH INTENT TO SEPARATE ELECTRONICS AND PASSIVE SAFETY

On  December  12,  2017,  Autoliv  announced  that  its  Board  of  Directors  had  concluded  its  strategic  review  and  decided  to  prepare  for  a 
spin-off of its Electronics business segment, creating a new, independent publicly traded company, named Veoneer, Inc., during the third 
quarter of 2018. Through the separation, additional value for shareholders and other stakeholders will be created by the ability to better 
address two distinct, growing markets with leading product offerings. 

The  key  drivers  for  the  separation  include  the  different  pace  of  technology  advancement  in  the  two  businesses,  different  skill  sets  of 
people throughout the organizations (leadership, engineering, sales), different strategic needs and priorities and sales growth rates with 
limited customer or operational synergies. There is also potentially a different shareholder profile due to the timing of returns.

The spin-off will be effected by a payment of a dividend of the common stock of the new company on a pro rata basis. The intent is for the 
spin-off to be tax free to stockholders both in the US and Sweden.

As part of the preparation for the spin-off, the Electronics business is expected to receive a cash injection from Autoliv, with the underlying 
objective of Autoliv to remain strong investment grade.

ADJUSTING OUR CAPITAL STRUCTURE

Autoliv entered the three-year period 2015-2017 with a net debt position on January 1, 2015 of $62 million. At the end of the period, on 
December 31, 2017, the Company had a net debt position (see section Non-U.S. GAAP Performance Measures) of $379 million. During 
the same period the company paid dividends of $607 million and had share repurchases of $261 million.

Operations generated $751 million in cash in 2015, $868 million in 2016 and $936 million in 2017. Capital expenditures, net amounted to 
$450 million in 2015, $499 million in 2016 and $570 million in 2017.

The declared dividend has been raised 11 times since reinstatement in 2010. After the latest declared dividend of 60 cents per share, the 
annualized  run  rate  is  $209  million,  based  on  number  of  shares  outstanding  at  December  31,  2017,  is  69%  higher  than  the  highest 
annualized dividend amount paid before the temporary dividend suspension in 2009.

In  2013,  the  Company  began  to  adjust  its  capital  structure  and  communicated  a  revised  debt  limitation  policy  which  is  to  maintain  a 
financial leverage commensurate with a “strong investment grade credit rating” and our long-term target is to have a leverage ratio (see 
section Non-U.S. GAAP Performance Measures) of around 1 time and to be within the range of 0.5 times to 1.5 times. We monitor our 
capital structure and the financial markets closely and intend to maintain a high level of financial flexibility while being shareholder friendly.

As part of the adjustment of the capital structure the Company historically has repurchased shares of its common stock. In the second 
quarter  of  2017,  the  Company  repurchased  1.4  million  shares  for  approximately  $157  million,  including  commissions.  During  2016,  no 
share repurchases were made. In the first quarter of 2015, the Company repurchased 0.9 million shares for approximately $104 million, 
including  commissions.  At  December  31,  2017,  the  remaining  number  of  shares  authorized  by  the  board  of  directors  for  repurchase  is 
approximately 3.0 million shares.

35

CURRENCY IMPACTS

We are exposed to around 50 currency pairs, with exposures in excess of $1 million each. We are monitoring the currency exposure but 
do not hedge currency flows, except for a limited volume related to some purchase components from external suppliers. Rather we strive 
to have sales and costs in the same currency to reduce the transaction exposure risk. The total net transaction exposure in  2017 was 
approximately $2.5 billion or 24% of sales. In 2017, the net currency transaction effect, including revaluation, is estimated to have had a 
0.1pp positive impact on our operating margin. Approximately three quarters of our sales are denominated in other currencies than U.S. 
dollars, which is leading to currency translation effects. In 2017, the translation effect is estimated to have had a 0.1 pp negative impact 
on the operating margin due to mix.

ITEMS AFFECTING COMPARABILITY

2017

2016

2015

Reported
(U.S. 
GAAP)

Adjust-
ments1)   

Non-
U.S. 
GAAP    

Reported
(U.S. 
GAAP)

  $

(DOLLARS IN MILLIONS, EXCEPT EPS)
Operating income
Operating margin, %
Income before income taxes
Net income
Net income attributable to controlling 
29    $ 596 
567    $
interest
0.8      21.1 
20.3     
Return on capital employed, %
14.6     
0.7      15.3 
Return on total equity, %
Earnings per share, EPS2), 3)
6.42    $ 0.33    $ 6.75 
Total parent shareholders' equity per share   $ 46.38    $ 1.73    $48.11    $ 41.69    $ 0.33    $42.02 

427    $ 150    $ 577    $
6.1      18.8     
12.7     
6.2      13.6     
7.4     
4.87    $ 1.71    $ 6.58    $

605    $ 287    $ 892    $
5.8     
8.6     
2.8     
507    $ 286    $ 793    $
303    $ 265    $ 568    $

848    $
8.4     
804    $
562    $

  $
  $

  $

  $

Adjust-
ments1)   

Non-
U.S. 
GAAP  
37    $ 885 
0.4     
8.8 
37    $ 841 
29    $ 591 

Reported
(U.S. 
GAAP)

Non-
U.S. 
Adjust-
ments1)   
GAAP  
728    $ 166    $ 894 
7.9     
9.7 
676    $ 166    $ 842 
458    $ 131    $ 589 

1.8     

 $

 $
 $

 $

457    $ 131    $ 588 
4.0      24.4 
20.4     
13.6     
3.5      17.1 
 $
5.17    $ 1.48    $ 6.65 
 $ 39.22    $ 1.48    $40.70  

1)

2)
3) 

Adjustments for capacity alignments and antitrust matters during 2015-2017, separation of our business segments (2017) and goodwill impairment 
(2017). 
Assuming dilution and net of treasury shares.
Participating share awards with right to receive dividend equivalents are (under the two-class method) excluded from the EPS calculation.

Outlook for 2018

The expectations and indications provided below are based on the current reporting and operating structure for Autoliv.

Mainly based on our customer call-offs, we expect organic sales growth for the first quarter of 2018 to increase by less than 1% compared 
to the same quarter of 2017. Currency translations are expected to add more than 6%, resulting in a consolidated sales growth of more 
than 7%. The adjusted operating margin, excluding costs for capacity alignments, antitrust related matters and separation of our business 
segments, is expected to be around 9%. 

The  indication  for  the  full  year  organic  sales  growth  is  more  than  7%.  Currency  translations  are  expected  to  have  a  combined  positive 
effect  of  around  4%,  resulting  in  a  consolidated  sales  increase  of  more  than  11%.  The  indication  for  the  full  year  2018  is  an  adjusted 
operating margin around 9%, excluding costs for capacity alignments, antitrust related matters and separation of our business segments. 

For the Passive Safety segment, the indication for organic sales growth is more than 2% in the first quarter and more than 10% for the full 
year, with an indication that the underlying profitability for the segment will increase compared to full year 2017.

For the Electronics segment, the indication is for organic sales growth to be around negative 6% in the first quarter and around negative 
3% for the full year as growth in Active Safety is more than offset by declines in Restraint Control Systems (RCS) and Brake Systems. 
The indication for the underlying profitability for the segment is a decrease compared to full year 2017.

The projected tax rate, excluding any discrete items, for the full year 2018, is expected to be around 29% and is subject to change due to 
any  discrete  or  nonrecurring  events  that  may  occur  and  changes  in  interpretations  of  the  Tax  Act,  any  legislative  action  to  address 
questions  that  arise  because  of  the  Tax  Act,  and  any  changes  in  accounting  standards  for  income  taxes  or  related  interpretations  in 
response to the Tax Act. Supporting our growth strategy, capital expenditures are expected to remain at a high level for the full year. We 
estimate that R,D&E investments, net, in relation to sales have peaked in Passive Safety but not in Electronics.

Significant Legal Matters

The  Company  is  subject  to  ongoing  antitrust  investigations  by  governmental  authorities  in  several  jurisdictions  as  well  as  related  civil 
litigation.  For  further  discussion  of  these  antitrust  matters  and  other  legal  proceedings  see  Item  3.  Legal  Proceedings  and  Note  16 
Contingent Liabilities to the Consolidated Financial Statements included herein.

36

     
       
       
       
       
       
       
       
       
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
   
   
 
   
   
  
   
  
   
  
Year Ended December 31, 2017 Versus 2016

Passive Safety Sales

Airbags2)
Seatbelts2)
Intersegment sales
Global Passive Safety Sales

1)
2)

 Effects from currency translations.
 Including Corporate and Other sales.

2017
Sales (MUSD)  
5,342 
 $
2,794 
 $
(1)
 $
8,135 
 $

2016
Sales (MUSD)  
5,256 
 $
2,665 
 $
(2)
 $
7,919 
 $

Components Of Change In Net Sales  

Reported
change

Currency effects1) 

Organic

1.6% 
4.8% 
— 
2.7% 

0.3% 
0.8% 
— 
0.5% 

1.3%
4.0%
— 
2.2%

Consolidated  Passive  Safety  segment  sales  increased  by  2.7%  to  $8,135  million  compared  to  2016.  Excluding  positive  currency 
translation  effects,  the  organic  sales  growth  (see  section  Non-U.S.  GAAP  Performance  Measures)  was  2.2%,  in  line  with  global  light 
vehicle production despite negative impact of about 0.4pp from lower inflator replacement sales. 

Airbag sales had solid organic growth (see section Non-U.S. GAAP Performance Measures) for the full year in Asia, especially in India, 
Japan  and  China.  South  America  grew  strongly  while  Europe  and  South  Korea  showed  more  modest  organic  growth.  North  American 
sales declined organically (see section Non-U.S. GAAP Performance Measures), partly a result from lower inflator replacement sales.

Seatbelt sales grew organically (see section Non-U.S. GAAP Performance Measures) in all regions except in North America and South 
Korea, with Europe and Japan as the largest growth drivers. The Company had a continued favorable mix towards advanced, high value-
added products.

Passive Safety Performance

Year over year change

(Dollars in millions)
Passive Safety sales
Passive Safety operating income
Passive Safety operating margin
Passive Safety headcount
1) Non-U.S. GAAP measure, see reconciliation table below.

$
$

2017

2016

Change

8,135  $
833  $
10.2% 

64,100 

7,919 
818 
10.3% 

63,100 

2.7%  
1.9%  
(0.1)pp 
1.5%  

Organic
change1)

2.2%

The operating income was relatively unchanged compared to 2016, as the effects of higher sales and lower S,G&A costs were almost 
offset by higher investments in R,D&E, net, and other costs supporting near term growth.

Electronics Sales

Restraint Control Systems2)
Active Safety
Brake Control Systems
Intersegment sales
Global Electronics sales

1)
2)

 Effects from currency translations.
 Including Corporate and Other sales.

2017
Sales (MUSD)  
997  $
 $
777  $
 $
473  $
 $
75  $
 $
2,322  $
 $

2016
Sales (MUSD)  
1,031   
739   
383   
63   
2,216   

Reported
change  

 Acquisitions/Divestitures 
— 
— 
31.4%  
— 
5.4%  

(3.3)%  
5.1%   
23.4%   
— 
4.8%   

0.1%   
0.0%   
(1.8)%  
— 
(0.1)%  

(3.4)%
5.1%
(6.2)%
— 
(0.5)%

Components Of Change In Net Sales

 Currency effects1) 

 Organic 

Consolidated Electronics segment sales increased for the full year 2017 by 4.8% to $2,322 million compared 2016. Excluding acquisition 
effects  and  negative  currency  translation  effects,  the  organic  sales  decline  (see  section  Non-U.S.  GAAP  Performance  Measures)  was 
0.5%. 

Restraint  Control  Systems  sales  (mainly  airbag  control  modules  and  remote  sensing  units)  declined  organically  (see  section  Non-U.S. 
GAAP Performance Measures) in North America, Japan and South Korea, partly mitigated by increased sales in China and India.

37

 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
  
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
   
 
   
 
  
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
  
 
 
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
 
  
 
   
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
  
  
The organic sales increase (see section Non-U.S. GAAP Performance Measures) for Active Safety was positively impacted by double-
digit  organic  sales  growth  of  core  active  safety  products  (including  automotive  radars,  cameras  with  driver  assist  systems  and  ADAS-
ECU),  and  negatively  impacted  by  sales  declines  for  positioning  systems  in  North  America  as  well  as  the  ramp-down  of  our  internally 
developed brake control systems in China.

Brake Systems organic sales (see section Non-U.S. GAAP Performance Measures) were adversely affected by model changes, notably 
with Honda.

Electronics Performance

Year over year change

(Dollars in millions)
Electronics sales
Electronics operating income
Electronics operating margin
Electronics headcount
1) Non-U.S. GAAP measure, see reconciliation table above.

$
$

2017

2,322  $
(180) $
(7.8)% 

7,500 

2016

Change

2,216 
62 
2.8% 

6,800 

4.8%  
(393.0)%  
(10.6)pp 
10.4%  

Organic 
change1)

(0.5)%

The operating margin declined compared to 2016, due to goodwill impairment charges related to ANBS as discussed below. Excluding 
the impairment, the operating margin was 2.3%. Higher investments in R,D&E, net, also impacted margin negatively, this was partly offset 
by  an  improved  gross  margin.  Headcount  increased  by  700  compared  to  the  same  period  last  year,  including  an  increase  of  800  in 
R,D&E.

Sales by Region

Asia
Whereof: China
Japan
Rest of Asia

Americas
Europe
Global

1)

Effects from currency translations. 

2017
Sales (MUSD)  
3,845   
 $
1,839   
1,041   
965   
3,248   
3,290   
10,383   

 $

Reported
change  

Components Of Change In Net Sales

 Acquisitions/Divestitures 

  Currency effects1) 

  Organic 

6.3%   
4.1%   
9.6%   
7.1%   
(3.9)%  
7.0%   
3.1%   

2.3%   
2.1%   
5.0%   
— 
1.1%   
— 
1.2%   

(0.9)%   
(1.6)%   
(3.3)%   
3.0%    
0.0%    
2.2%    
0.4%    

4.9%
3.6%
7.9%
4.1%
(5.0)%
4.8%
1.5%

Consolidated  sales  increased  by  3.1%  to  $10,383  million  compared  to  2016.  The  organic  sales  growth  (see  section  Non-U.S.  GAAP 
Performance Measures of 1.5% for the full year 2017 was mainly driven by the organic growth in Europe, Japan, China and India while 
North America declined. The inflator replacement sales impacted organic growth negatively by about 0.3pp. Light vehicle production grew 
by 2.2%, according to IHS.

For  the  full  year  2017,  sales  in  Asia  (China,  Japan,  RoA)  represent  37%  of  total  sales,  the  Americas  31%  and  Europe  32%.  Sales 
continue to be balanced across the regions.

The organic sales increase (see section Non-U.S. GAAP Performance Measures) from Autoliv’s companies in China was mainly driven by 
the global OEMs, primarily Renault/Nissan, Honda and Mercedes, partly offset by Hyundai/Kia. Organic sales to the domestic OEMs was 
virtually unchanged, with increases to models from Geely and Great Wall, offset by decreases to models from Baojun and Haima. Inflator 
replacement sales contributed positively to organic sales growth.

Organic  sales  growth  (see  section  Non-U.S.  GAAP  Performance  Measures)  from  Autoliv’s  companies  in  Japan  was  driven  by 
Renault/Nissan, Toyota and Subaru. Offsetting effects are mainly from decreasing inflator replacement sales.

Organic sales growth (see section Non-U.S. GAAP Performance Measures) from Autoliv’s companies in the Rest of Asia was driven by 
strong  sales  development  in  India,  mainly  to  Suzuki  and  Hyundai/Kia.  Sales  in  South  Korea  decreased,  driven  by  Hyundai/Kia, 
Ssangyong and GM.

Sales  from  Autoliv’s  companies  in  Americas  declined  organically  (see  section  Non-U.S.  GAAP  Performance  Measures)  by  5%.  North 
America  declined  by  more  than  6%  organically,  driven  primarily  by  GM  due  to  unfavorable  platform  shifts  and  declining  LVP.  Inflator 
replacement sales had a 0.3pp negative impact on organic growth in North America. South America grew organically by about 45%.

38

   
 
   
 
  
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
  
 
 
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
 
  
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
   
  
  
   
The organic sales growth (see section Non-U.S. GAAP Performance Measures) from Autoliv’s companies in Europe was mainly driven by 
Mercedes, where Active Safety products were a strong contributor to the growth, and Volvo. Offsetting effects were mainly from Opel.

(Dollars in millions, except per share data)
Net Sales
Gross profit
% of sales

S,G&A

% of sales

R,D&E net

% of sales

Goodwill impairment charge

% of sales

Amortization of intangibles

% of sales

Other income (expense), net

% of sales

Operating income

% of sales

Income before taxes
Tax rate
Net income
Net income attributable to controlling interest
Earnings per share, diluted1)

GROSS PROFIT

Years ended December 31

2017

10,383 
2,149 

20.7%  
(490)
(4.7)% 
(741)
(7.1)% 
(234)
(2.3)% 
(47)
(0.5)% 
(32)
(0.3)% 
605 
5.8%  
507 
40.2%  
303 
427 
4.87 

$
$

$

$

$

$

$

$

$

$
$
$

2016

10,074 
2,057 

20.4%
(476)
(4.7)%
(651)
(6.5)%
— 
— 
(44)
(0.4)%
(39)
(0.4)%
848 
8.4%
804 
30.1%
562 
567 
6.42 

$
$

$

$

$

$

$

$

$
$
$

Change

3.1%
4.5%
0.3pp
2.9%
0.0pp
13.8%
(0.6)pp
n.a. 
(2.3)pp
7.6%
(0.1)pp
(17.1)%
0.1pp
(28.6)%
(2.6)pp
(37.0)%
10.1pp
(46.0)%
(24.7)%
(24.1)%

The gross profit for the full year 2017 increased by $92 million, compared to the prior year, as a result of higher sales and higher gross 
margin.  The  gross  margin  increased  by  0.3pp  compared  to  2016,  mainly  as  a  result  of  improved  operational  performance  and  higher 
organic sales (see section Non-U.S. GAAP Performance Measures), partly offset by costs related to investments for capacity and growth, 
as well as negative impact from raw material prices. 

OPERATING INCOME

Operating income decreased by around $242 million to $605 million and the operating margin decreased by 2.6pp to 5.8% compared to 
prior  year.  In  2017,  the  operating  margin  was  primarily  negatively  affected  by  goodwill  impairment  ($234  million),  but  also  from  the 
ongoing  capacity  alignments  ($26  million),  settlements  of  antitrust  related  matters  ($18  million)  and  the  separation  of  our  business 
segments ($9 million). 

Selling, General and Administrative (S,G&A) expenses increased by $14 million compared to the prior year. Research, Development & 
Engineering (R,D&E) expenses, net increased by $90 million compared to the prior year due to our continued investment in technology, 
competence and capacity. The decrease in Other income (expense), net was primarily impacted by $13 million reduction in contingent 
consideration liability (see Note 3 Fair Value Measurements) offset by $9 million related to the separation of our business segments.

In the fourth quarter of 2017, the Company recognized an impairment charge of the full goodwill amount of $234 million related to the joint 
venture Autoliv Nissin Brake Systems (ANBS), which was due to a lower than originally anticipated sales development.

INTEREST EXPENSE, NET

Interest expense, net decreased by $4 million to $54 million compared to 2016. The decrease relates to maturity of $105 million USPP in 
November  2017,  and  higher  interest  income  on  centrally  held  USD  cash  in  2017  compared  to  2016  (see  Note  12  to  Consolidated 
Financial Statements included herein). In addition, during 2017, Autoliv had a net debt position of $427 million on average, compared to a 
net debt position of $335 million on average in 2016 (see section Treasury Activities).

INCOME TAXES

Income  before  taxes  decreased  by  $297  million  compared  to  the  previous  year,  primarily  due  to  $234  million  in  goodwill  impairment 
charges, our share of the equity method loss in Zenuity of $31 million and less favorable non-operating currency effects. 

The effective tax rate in 2017 was 40.2% compared to 30.1% in 2016. The tax rate for 2017 excluding discrete tax items and the negative 
tax  rate  impact  from  the  goodwill  impairment  was  28.3%  compared  to  30.7%  in  2016.  The  tax  rate  for  2017  was  impacted  by  several 
items  including,  goodwill  impairment  to  which  only  a  partial  tax  benefit  was  allowable,  reversal  of  the  valuation  allowance  for  certain 
deferred  tax  assets,  reasonable  estimate  of  the  negative  impact  of  U.S.  tax  reform  (specifically  the  deemed  repatriation  of  non-US 
earnings and the revaluation of U.S. deferred tax assets to the new lower U.S. tax rate) compared to the 2016 tax rate. See Note 4 to 
Consolidated Financial Statements included herein.

39

 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
NET INCOME AND EARNINGS PER SHARE

Net income attributable to controlling interest was $427 million, a decrease of $140 million from 2016. Earnings per share (EPS) assuming 
dilution decreased by 24% to $4.87 compared to $6.42 the prior year. The main negative items affecting EPS were $1.12 from goodwill 
impairment  charges  and  35  cents  from  our  share  of  the  equity  method  loss  in  Zenuity  partly  offset  by  lower  tax  and  higher  operating 
income.

The weighted average number of shares outstanding assuming dilution declined to 87.7 million compared to 88.4 million in the full year 
2016, mainly due to share repurchases.

Year Ended December 31, 2016 Versus 2015

Passive Safety Sales

2016
(Sales MUSD)

 $
 $
 $
 $

5,256 
2,665 
(2)
7,919 

2015
(Sales MUSD)  
5,036 
2,599 
(14)
7,621 

 $
 $
 $
 $

Components Of Change In Net Sales  

Reported
change

  Currency effects1)  

Organic

4.4% 
2.5% 
— 
3.9% 

(1.7)% 
(2.9)% 
— 
(2.1)% 

6.1%
5.4%
— 
6.0%

Airbags2)
Seatbelts2)
Intersegment sales
Global Passive Safety sales

1)
2)

 Effects from currency translations.
 Including Corporate and Other sales.

Consolidated  Passive  Safety  segment  sales  increased  by  3.9%  to  $7,919  million  compared  to  2015.  Excluding  negative  currency 
translation effects, the organic sales growth (see section Non-U.S. GAAP Performance Measures) was 6.0%, both airbags and seatbelts 
sales outperformed the global light vehicle production growth of 4.7%.

Airbag sales had solid organic growth (see section Non-U.S. GAAP Performance Measures) for the full and were positively impacted by 
higher sales of inflatable curtains in Japan and Europe.  The organic sales growth with steering wheels were especially seen Europe.

The  organic  sales  growth  (see  section  Non-U.S.  GAAP  Performance  Measures)  with  seatbelts  products  in  2016  were  seen  in  multiple 
regions,  particularly  with  strong  development  in  Europe  and  China.  The  global  trend  towards  more  advanced  and  higher  value-added 
seatbelt systems continued.

Passive Safety Performance

Year over year change

(Dollars in millions)
Passive Safety sales
Passive Safety operating income
Passive Safety operating margin
Passive Safety headcount
1) Non-U.S. GAAP measure, see reconciliation table above.

$
$

2016

2015

Change

7,919  $
818  $
10.3% 

63,100 

7,621 
669 
8.8% 

59,900 

3.9%  
22.2%  
1.5pp 
5.5%  

Organic 
change1)

6.0%

The  improvement  in  operating  margin  is  primarily  because  costs  relating  to  antitrust  matters  (including  settlements)  and  capacity 
alignments (particularly the European capacity alignment program) were higher in 2015 than in 2016.

Electronic Sales

Restraint Control Systems2)
Active Safety
Brake Control Systems
Intersegment sales
Global Electronics sales

1)

 Effects from currency translations.

Components Of Change In Net Sales

2015
(Sales 
MUSD)

2016
(Sales 
MUSD)    
924    
 $ 1,031   $
611    
739   $
 $
0    
383   $
 $
 $
54    
63   $
 $ 2,216   $ 1,589    

Reported
change  

11.7%  
20.9%  
100.0%  
— 
39.5%  

 Acquisitions/Divestitures 
— 
5.7%  
100.0%  
— 
26.8%  

 Currency effects1) 

  Organic 

(0.6)%   
(0.9)%   
0.0%    
— 
(0.7)%   

12.3%
16.1%
0.0%
— 
13.3%

40

 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
  
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
   
 
   
 
  
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
  
 
 
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
 
  
 
    
 
    
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
  
  
  
   
2)

 Including Corporate and Other sales.

Consolidated Electronics segment sales increased for the full year 2016 by 39.5% to $2,216 million compared to the same period in 2015. 
Excluding  acquisition  effects  and  negative  currency  translation  effects,  the  organic  sales  growth  (see  section  Non-U.S.  GAAP 
Performance Measures) was 13.3%, generated by double digit organic sales growth in all product areas. 

Restraint Control Systems sales (mainly airbag control modules and remote sensing units) showed solid organic growth (see section Non-
U.S. GAAP Performance Measures) across most regions, but was particularly generated by strong performance in China.

The organic sales increase (see section Non-U.S. GAAP Performance Measures) for Active Safety (mainly automotive radars, cameras 
with driver assist systems and night vision systems) were primarily generated by strong sales development with radar products in North 
America and camera and radar products in Europe, largely as a result of Mercedes’ increased demand for driving assistance. Sales of 
camera systems to BMW also contributed.

Sales of brake systems were in line with our expectations from the start of operations of ANBS in the beginning of the second quarter of 
2016.

Electronics Performance

Year over year change

(Dollars in millions)
Electronics sales
Electronics operating income
Electronics operating margin
Electronics headcount
1) Non-U.S. GAAP measure, see reconciliation table below.

$
$

2016

2015

Change

2,216  $
62  $
2.8% 

6,800 

1,589 
65 
4.1% 

4,100 

39.5%  
(4.7)%  
(1.3)pp 
66.1%  

Organic 
change1)

13.3%

The lower operating margin was mainly a result of costs relating to the formation of ANBS and higher costs for R,D&E, net, partially offset 
by higher organic sales.

Sales by Region

Asia
Whereof: China
Japan
Rest of Asia

Americas
Europe
Global

1)

Effects from currency translations. 

2016
Sales (MUSD)   

Reported
change  

  Acquisitions/Divestitures 

  Currency effects1) 

  Organic  

Components Of Change In Net Sales

  $

  $

3,618    
1,766    
950    
902    
3,380    
3,076    
10,074    

17.5%   
15.9%   
42.2%   
1.8%   
3.5%   
8.8%   
9.9%   

8.7%   
7.4%   
23.1%   
— 
4.6%   
— 
4.6%   

(1.0)%   
(5.4)%   
11.7%    
(2.8)%   
(3.5)%   
(1.0)%   
(1.9)%   

9.8%
13.9%
7.4%
4.6%
2.4%
9.8%
7.2%

Consolidated sales increased to $10,074 million from $9,170 million in 2015. Excluding currency effects, the organic sales growth (see 
section Non-U.S. GAAP Performance Measures) was 7%. All regions of the Company showed organic sales growth (see section Non-
U.S. GAAP Performance Measures) in 2016.

Sales of airbag products (including steering wheels) were favorably impacted by higher sales of inflatable curtains in Japan and Europe, 
and steering wheels, especially in Europe.

Sales  of  seatbelt  products  were  particularly  strong  in  Europe  and  China.  The  global  trend  towards  more  advanced  and  higher  value-
added seatbelt systems continued globally.

The  growth  in  organic  sales  (see  section  Non-U.S.  GAAP  Performance  Measures)  for  restraint  control  systems  (mainly  airbag  control 
modules and remote sensing units) was due to growth across most regions, particularly in China.

The strong increase in sales of active safety products (automotive radars, night vision systems, cameras with driver assist systems and 
positioning  systems)  resulted  from  growth  particularly  for  radar  products  in  North  America  and  camera  and  radar  products  in  Europe, 
primarily as a result of Mercedes’ increased demand for driving assistance. Sales of camera systems to BMW also contributed.

41

   
 
   
 
  
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
  
 
 
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
 
   
 
    
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
Sales  of  brake  control  systems  were  in  line  with  our  expectations  from  the  start  of  operations  of  ANBS  in  the  beginning  of  the  second 
quarter of 2016.

For  the  full  year  2016,  sales  in  Asia  (China,  Japan,  RoA)  represent  36%  of  total  sales,  the  Americas  34%  and  Europe  30%.  Sales 
continue to be balanced across the regions. Organic growth (see section Non-U.S. GAAP Performance Measures) was particularly strong 
in Europe, China, Japan and India.

Sales from Autoliv’s companies in China grew organically (see section Non-U.S. GAAP Performance Measures) by close to 14%, driven 
primarily by Asian OEMs and local OEMs, particularly Great Wall’s Haval models with high Autoliv content.

Organic  sales  (see  section  Non-U.S.  GAAP  Performance  Measures)  from  Autoliv’s  companies  in  Japan  grew  by  more  than  7%.  The 
increase was primarily driven by models from Toyota and Nissan, partly offset by lower replacement inflator business.

Organic sales (see section Non-U.S. GAAP Performance Measures) from Autoliv’s companies in the RoA grew by close to 5%. This was 
primarily driven by strong organic sales growth in India and Thailand, partly offset by lower organic sales in South Korea.

Organic sales (see section Non-U.S. GAAP Performance Measures) from Autoliv’s companies in the Americas increased by more than 
2%,  with  North  America  growing  more  than  2%  and  South  America  about  5%.  Primary  drivers  were  sales  to  Honda,  Mercedes  and 
Hyundai/Kia. Sales of replacement inflators also contributed.

Organic sales (see section Non-U.S. GAAP Performance Measures) from Autoliv’s companies in Europe grew by close to 10%. Models 
from Hyundai/Kia, Renault, Mercedes and FCA were the main growth contributors.

Years ended December 31

(Dollars in millions, except per share data)
Net Sales
Gross profit
% of sales

S,G&A

% of sales

R,D&E net

% of sales

Amortization of intangibles

% of sales

Other income (expense), net

% of sales

Operating income

% of sales

Income before taxes
Tax rate
Net income
Net income attributable to controlling interest
Earnings per share, diluted1)

GROSS PROFIT

2016

10,074 
2,057 

20.4%  
(476)
(4.7)% 
(651)
(6.5)% 
(44)
(0.4)% 
(39)
(0.4)% 
848 
8.4%  
804 
30.1%  
562 
567 
6.42 

$
$

$

$

$

$

$

$

$
$
$

$
$

$

$

$

$

$

$

$
$
$

2015

Change

9,170 
1,844 

20.1%
(412)
(4.5)%
(524)
(5.7)%
(20)
(0.2)%
(161)
(1.8)%
728 
7.9%
676 
32.3%
458 
457 
5.17 

9.9%
11.5%
0.3pp
15.7%
(0.2)pp
24.3%
(0.8)pp

120.0%

(0.2)pp
(75.8)%
1.4pp
16.5%
0.5pp
19.0%
(2.2)pp
22.8%
24.1%
24.2%

Gross profit for the full year 2016 increased by around $213 million, compared to the prior year, primarily as a result of the higher sales. 
Gross  margin  increased  by  0.3pp  compared  to  2015,  mainly  as  a  result  of  higher  organic  sales,  favorable  currency  effects  and  raw 
material savings, partially offset by costs related to investments for capacity and growth.

OPERATING INCOME

Operating income increased by close to $120 million to $848 million and the operating margin increased by 0.5pp to 8.4%. The increase 
in  R,  D&E  net  was  primarily  related  to  the  high  order  intake  resulting  in  higher  investments  in  technology,  competence  and  capacity. 
Higher  amortization  expense  in  2016  was  due  to  our  ANBS  and  MACOM  acquisitions.  In  2015,  the  operating  margin  was  negatively 
affected by high costs related to the ongoing capacity alignments and for settlements of antitrust related matters recorded as other income 
(expense), net. 

INTEREST EXPENSE, NET

Interest  expense,  net  decreased  by  $5  million  to  $58  million  compared  to  2015.  The  decrease  relates  to  less  interest  expense  due  to 
lower local debt and higher interest income on centrally held USD cash in 2016 compared to 2015 (see Note 12 to Consolidated Financial 
Statements included herein). In addition, during 2016, Autoliv had a net debt position of $335 million on average, compared to a net debt 
position of $232 million on average in 2015.

42

 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
INCOME TAXES

Compared to the prior year, income before taxes increased by more than $128 million to $804 million, $8 million more than the increase in 
operating income. Income tax expense was $242 million compared to $218 million in 2015. The effective tax rate was 30.1% compared to 
32.3% for the full year 2015. Discrete tax items, net, had an unfavorable impact of 0.6pp for the full year 2016 while discrete tax items, 
net, were not material for the full year 2015. See Note 4 to Consolidated Financial Statements included herein.

NET INCOME AND EARNINGS PER SHARE

Net income attributable to controlling interest amounted to $567 million compared to $457 million for the full year 2015. EPS amounted to 
$6.42  assuming dilution  compared  to $5.17 for  2015. The  EPS increase  was positively  affected by  lower  costs for  capacity  alignments 
and  antitrust  related  matters  of  $1.15  and  25  cents  from  the  effective  tax  rate.  This  was  partly  offset  by  16  cents  from  currency 
translations.

The weighted average number of shares outstanding assuming dilution was unchanged at 88.4 million compared to the full year 2015.

Non-U.S. GAAP Performance Measures

In  this  annual  report  we  sometimes  refer  to  non-U.S.  GAAP  measures  that  we  and  securities  analysts  use  in  measuring  Autoliv’s 
performance.

We believe that these measures assist investors and management in analyzing trends in the Company’s business for the reasons given 
below.  Investors  should  not  consider  these  non-U.S.  GAAP  measures  as  substitutes  for,  but  rather  as  additions,  to  financial  reporting 
measures prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP.

These  non-U.S.  GAAP  measures  have  been  identified,  as  applicable,  in  each  section  of  this  annual  report  with  tabular  presentations 
below, reconciling them to U.S. GAAP.

It should be noted that these measures, as defined, may not be comparable to similarly titled measures used by other companies.

ORGANIC SALES

We  analyze  the  Company’s  sales  trends  and  performance  as  changes  in  “organic  sales  growth”,  because  the  Company  currently 
generates approximately three quarters of net sales in currencies other than the reporting currency (i.e. U.S. dollars) and currency rates 
have  proven  to  be  rather  volatile.  We  also  use  organic  sales  to  reflect  the  fact  that  the  Company  has  made  several  acquisitions  and 
divestitures.

Organic sales present the increase or decrease in the overall U.S. dollar net sales on a comparable basis, allowing separate discussions 
of the impact of acquisitions/divestitures and exchange rates.

The following tabular reconciliation presents changes in “organic sales growth” as reconciled to the change in total U.S. GAAP net sales.

COMPONENTS IN SALES INCREASE/DECREASE (DOLLARS IN MILLIONS)

China

Japan

RoA1)

2017 VS. 2016
Reported change
Currency effects2)
Acquisitions/divestitures
Organic change

2016 VS. 2015
Reported change
Currency effects2)
Acquisitions/divestitures
Organic change

$

$

    %    

  %    
    4.1    $ 72.9      9.6    $ 91.1      7.1    $ 63.7      (3.9)   $(133.0)     7.0    $214.3      3.1    $309.0 
1.3      2.2      67.7      0.4      35.6 
    (1.6)     (28.2)     (3.3)     (31.5)     3.0      26.3      0.0     
36.1      —      —      1.2      120.5 
    2.1      36.6      5.0      47.8      —      —      1.1     
 $152.9  
 $ 74.8 
    3.6    $ 64.5      7.9 

    %    

    %    

    %    

    %    

 $(170.4)

 $146.6 

 $ 37.4 

   (5.0)

   4.8 

   1.5 

   4.1 

$

$

$

Americas
$

Europe

Total

China

Japan

RoA1)

$

$

    %    

  %    
    15.9    $242.4      42.2    $281.7      1.8    $ 15.9      3.5    $ 115.6      8.8    $248.4      9.9    $ 904.0 
    (5.4)     (83.6)     11.7      77.7      (2.8)     (24.4)     (3.5)     (113.1)     (1.0)     (29.3)     (1.9)     (172.7)
    7.4      113.5      23.1      154.4      —      —      4.6      150.1      —      —      4.6      418.0 
    13.9    $212.5      7.4    $ 49.6      4.6    $ 40.3      2.4    $ 78.6      9.8    $277.7      7.2    $ 658.7  

    %    

    %    

    %    

    %    

$

$

Americas
$

Europe
$

Total

1)
2)

Rest of Asia. 
Effects from currency translations.

43

 
 
   
   
   
   
   
 
 
 
 
   
   
   
   
   
 
 
RECONCILIATION OF U.S. GAAP MEASURE TO “OPERATING WORKING CAPITAL” (DOLLARS IN MILLIONS)

DECEMBER 31
Total current assets
Total current liabilities
Working capital
Cash and cash equivalents
Short-term debt
Derivative (asset) and liability, current
Dividends payable
Operating working capital

2017
4,204.7    $
(2,654.6)  
1,550.1    $
(959.5)  
19.7   
(1.1)  
52.2   
661.4    $

2016
4,140.9    $
(2,597.6)  
1,543.3    $
(1,226.7)  
219.8   
(8.4)  
51.2   
579.2    $

2015
4,038.3 
(2,226.4)
1,811.9 
(1,333.5)
39.6 
2.4 
49.3 
569.7  

  $

  $

  $

RECONCILIATION OF U.S. GAAP MEASURE TO “NET DEBT” (DOLLARS IN MILLIONS)

DECEMBER 31
Short-term debt
Long-term debt
Total debt
Cash and cash equivalents
Debt-related derivatives
Net debt

OPERATING WORKING CAPITAL

2017

2016

19.7    $

219.8    $

1,321.7   
1,341.4    $
(959.5)  
(2.5)  
379.4    $

1,323.6   
1,543.4    $
(1,226.7)  
(3.4)  
313.3    $

2015

39.6 
1,499.4 
1,539.0 
(1,333.5)
(3.9)
201.6  

  $

  $

  $

Due to the need to optimize cash generation to create value for our shareholders, management focuses on operationally derived working 
capital as defined in the table above.

The reconciling items used to derive this measure are, by contrast, managed as part of our overall management of cash and debt, but 
they are not part of the responsibilities of day-to-day operations’ management.

NET DEBT

As part of efficiently managing the Company’s overall cost of funds, we routinely enter into “debt-related derivatives” (DRD) as part of our 
debt management.

Creditors and credit rating agencies use net debt adjusted for DRD in their analyses of the Company’s debt and therefore we provide this 
non-U.S. GAAP measure. DRD are fair value adjustments to the carrying value of the underlying debt. Also included in the DRD is the 
unamortized fair value adjustment related to discontinued fair value hedges, which will be amortized over the remaining life of the debt. By 
adjusting for DRD, the total financial liability of net debt is disclosed without grossing debt up with currency or interest fair values.

ADJUSTED OPERATING MARGIN AND ADJUSTED EPS

Adjusted  operating  margin  and  adjusted  EPS  are  non-GAAP  measures  our  management  uses  to  evaluate  our  business,  because  we 
believe  they  assist  investors  and  analysts  in  comparing  our  performance  across  reporting  periods  on  a  consistent  basis  by  excluding 
items that are non-operational or non-recurring in nature (such as costs related to capacity alignments, costs related to antitrust matters, 
separation  costs,  impairment  charges  and  for  EPS  discrete  tax  items)  and  that  we  do  not  believe  are  indicative  of  our  core  operating 
performance and underlying business trends. Adjusted operating margin and adjusted EPS should be considered in addition to, but not as 
a substitute for, other measures of financial performance reported in accordance with GAAP, including operating margin and EPS.

RECONCILIATION OF ADJUSTED “OPERATING MARGIN” AND ADJUSTED “EPS”

Full Year 2017

Full Year 2016

Full Year 2015

Operating margin, %
Earnings per share, diluted2,3)

  $

Reported 
U.S. GAAP   

Adjust-
ments1)    
8.6     
2.8     
4.87    $ 1.71    $ 6.58    $

5.8     

Reported 
U.S. GAAP   

Adjust-
ments1)    
8.8     
0.4     
6.42    $ 0.33    $ 6.75    $

8.4     

Non-
U.S. 
GAAP    

Reported 
U.S. GAAP   

Non-
U.S. 
GAAP  
9.7 
5.17    $ 1.48    $ 6.65  

Adjust-
ments1)    
1.8     

7.9     

Non-
U.S. 
GAAP    

1)

2)
3)

Adjustments for capacity alignments and antitrust matters during 2015-2017, separation of our business segments (2017) and goodwill impairment     
(2017).
Assuming dilution and net of treasury shares.
Participating share awards with right to receive dividend equivalents are (under the two class method) excluded from the EPS calculation.

44

 
   
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
   
 
 
 
   
Liquidity, Capital Resources and Financial Position

(DOLLARS IN MILLIONS)
Net cash provided by operating activities
Net cash used in investing activities
Net cash used in financing activities
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents
Decrease in cash and cash equivalents
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of year
Cash and cash equivalents at end of year

NET CASH PROVIDED BY OPERATING ACTIVITIES

2017

Years ended December 31
2016

2015

  $

  $

  $

936   
(697)  
(566)  
60   
(267)  
1,227   
960   

$

$

$

868   
(726)  
(200)  
(49)  
(107)  
1,334   
1,227   

$

$

$

751 
(591)
(319)
(36)
(195)
1,529 
1,334  

Cash flow from operations, together with available financial resources and credit facilities, are expected to be sufficient to fund Autoliv’s 
anticipated working capital requirements, capital expenditures and future dividend payments.

Cash provided by operating activities was $936 million in 2017, $868 million in 2016 and $751 million in 2015 reflecting the higher growth 
in our underlying business.

While  management  of  cash  and  debt  is  important  to  the  overall  business,  it  is  not  part  of  the  operational  management’s  day-to-day 
responsibilities.  We  therefore  focus  on  operationally  derived  working  capital  and  have  set  a  policy  that  the  operating  working  capital 
should not exceed 10% of the last 12-month net sales.

At  December  31,  2017,  operating  working  capital  (see  section  Non-U.S.  GAAP  Performance  Measures)  amounted  to  $661  million 
corresponding to 6.4% of net sales compared to $579 million and 5.7%, respectively, at December 31, 2016. This ratio was reduced by 
0.4pp in 2017 and by 0.4pp in 2016 by provisions for capacity alignment and other restructuring charges, and favorably impacted by 1.3pp 
and 1.2pp, respectively, from the sale of receivables and discounting of notes totaling $134 million in 2017 and $113 million in 2016 (see 
section Treasury Activities).

Days  receivables  outstanding  (see  Glossary  and  Definitions  for  definition)  were  74  at  December  31,  2017,  unchanged  from  one  year 
earlier. Factoring agreements did not have any material effect on days receivables outstanding for 2017, 2016 or 2015.

Days inventory outstanding (see Glossary and Definitions for definition) were 33 at December 31, 2017, unchanged from one year earlier.

NET CASH USED IN INVESTING ACTIVITIES

In  2017,  2016  and  2015,  cash  used  in  investing  activities  amounted  to  $697  million,  $726  million  and  $591  million,  respectively.    Our 
investing activities primarily consists of investments in property, plant and equipment and acquisition of businesses, net of cash. 

CAPITAL EXPENDITURES

Cash generated by operating activities continued to sufficiently cover capital expenditures for property, plant and equipment.

Capital expenditures, gross were $580 million in 2017, $507 million in 2016 and $466 million in 2015, corresponding to 5.6%, 5.0%, and 
5.1% of net sales, respectively.

Capital  expenditures,  net  amounted  to  $570  million  and  depreciation  and  amortization  totaled  $426  million  in  2017  compared  to  $499 
million and $383 million, respectively, for the full year 2016.

Capital expenditures for 2018 are expected to remain at a high level for the full year to support our growth strategy and high order intake.

During  2017,  investments  in  production  capacity  to  support  further  growth  and  vertical  integration  continued.  Major  investments  were 
mainly made in Europe, North America and China.

During  2016,  investments  in  production  capacity  to  support  further  growth,  vertical  integration  and  inflator  replacement  business 
continued. Major investments were mainly made in Europe, North America, China and Active Safety.

During 2015, major investments were made for the inflator replacement business, continued investments for growth in China, as well as 
investments in production lines related to new technologies and growth in Europe.

Also,  expansion  of  facilities  in  Europe  was  commenced  for  service  centers,  manufacturing  of  seatbelts  and  airbags  to  meet  increased 
demand. In North America the higher investments were mainly related to production equipment and buildings to increase capacity for new 
program  launches.  In  addition,  in  China,  large  investments  were  made  to  increase  manufacturing  capacity  for  Airbag  and  seatbelt 
products.

45

 
 
 
 
   
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
BUSINESS COMBINATIONS, ACQUISITIONS AND DIVESTMENTS

Historically, the Company has made many acquisitions. Generally, we focus on two principal growth areas around our core business with 
the greatest potential, active safety systems and growth markets.

On  November  1,  2017,  Autoliv  completed  the  acquisition  of  all  the  shares  in  Fotonic  i  Norden  dp  AB  (Fotonic),  headquartered  in 
Stockholm and Skellefteå in Sweden. The preliminary acquisition date fair value of the total consideration transferred was $16.9 million, 
consisting of a $14.5 million cash payment and $2.4 million deferred purchase consideration, payable at the 18 month anniversary of the 
closing  date.  The  deferred  purchase  consideration  reflects  the  holdback  amount  as  stipulated  in  the  share  purchase  agreement.  The 
transaction has been accounted for as a business combination.

In  March  2016,  the  Company  acquired  a  51%  interest  in  the  entities  that  form  Autoliv-Nissin  Brake  Systems  (ANBS)  for  approximately 
$263 million in cash. ANBS designs, manufactures and sells products in the brake control and actuation systems business. Nissin Kogyo 
retained  a  49%  interest  in  the  entities  that  formed  ANBS.  The  Company  has  management  and  operational  control  of  ANBS  and 
consolidate the results of operation and balance sheet from ANBS. The transaction has been accounted for as a business combination. 
The recognized goodwill of $234.7 million as of March 31, 2016, reflects expected synergies from combining Autoliv’s global reach and 
customer base with Nissin Kogyo’s world leading expertise (including workforce) and technology in brake control and actuation systems 
(for more information, see Note 2, Business Combinations). In the fourth quarter of 2017, the Company recognized an impairment charge 
of the full goodwill amount of $234 million related to ANBS. The Company estimated the fair value of ANBS using the discounted cash 
flow method taking into account expected long-term operating cash-flow performance. The primary driver of the goodwill impairment was 
due  to  the  lower  than  expected  long-term  operating  cash  flow  performance  of  the  business  unit  as  of  the  measurement  date. The 
Company also assessed any potential impairment of acquired ANBS intangible assets comparing the undiscounted future cash flows to 
the carrying value of the assets. The undiscounted cash flow test indicated no impairment of the acquired intangible assets.  

In August 2015 the Company acquired the “Automotive Solutions” business of M/A-COM Technology Solutions Holdings, Inc. (MACOM), 
which is a carve-out of the automotive business of MACOM, through the acquisition of all of the shares of M/A-COM Auto Solutions, Inc., 
for  total  consideration  of  approximately  $138.5  million.  The  transaction  has  been  accounted  for  as  a  business  combination.  The 
recognized goodwill of approximately $85 million mainly reflects the expected synergies from combining the Active Safety operations of 
the  Company  and  the  acquired  “Automotive  solutions”  business  from  MACOM.  The  goodwill  is  expected  to  be  fully  deductible  for  tax 
purposes. From the date of acquisition through December 31, 2015, the MACOM business reported net sales of $30 million. 

NET CASH USED IN FINANCING ACTIVITIES

In 2017 cash used in financing activities amounted to $566 million. In 2016, cash of $200 million was used for financing activities. In 2015 
cash provided by financing activities amounted to $319 million. Gross debt decreased by $202 million to $1,341 million at December 31, 
2017  and  increased  by  $4  million  to  $1,543  million  at  December  31,  2016.  In  2017,  the  Company  paid  dividends  of  $209  million, 
compared  with  dividends  paid  of  $203  million  in  2016  and  $196  million  in  2015.  In  2017,  the  Company  repurchased  common  shares 
amounting  to  $157  million.  There  were  no  share  repurchases  made  during  2016.  In  2015,  the  Company  repurchased  common  shares 
amounting to $104 million, see Note 13 to Consolidated Financial Statements included herein. Cash and cash equivalents decreased by 
$267 million to $960 million in 2017 and decreased by $107 million to $1,227 million in 2016.

The  Company’s  net  debt  (see  section  Non-U.S.  GAAP  Performance  Measures)  position  increased  by  $66  million  to  $379  million  at 
December 31, 2017. During 2016, the net debt position increased by $112 million to a net debt position of $313 million at December 31, 
2016.

FOREIGN EARNINGS

Substantially all of the Company’s non-U.S. earnings are permanently reinvested outside the U.S. The permanently reinvested earnings 
are,  therefore,  not  planned  to  be  repatriated  to  the  U.S.  and  are  not  necessary  to  fund  our  U.S.  operations  or  requirements.  The  U.S. 
companies have sufficient liquidity to finance all currently projected funding needs in the U.S. for the foreseeable future. Total cash and 
cash equivalents as of December 31, 2017 was $1.0 billion, whereof $0.1 billion was in the U.S. See Note 4 to Consolidated Financial 
Statements included herein.

INCOME TAXES

The Company has reserves for taxes that may become payable in future periods as a result of tax audits. At any given time, the Company 
is undergoing tax audits covering multiple years in several tax jurisdictions. Ultimate outcomes are uncertain but could, in future periods, 
have  a  significant  impact  on  the  Company’s  cash  flows.  See  discussions  of  income  taxes  under  Significant  Accounting  Policies  in  this 
section, Note 1 and Note 4 to the Consolidated Financial Statements included herein.

PENSION ARRANGEMENTS

The  Company  has  defined  benefit  pension  plans  covering  nearly  half  of  the  U.S.  employees.  In  a  prior  year,  the  Company  froze 
participation  in  the  U.S.  plans  to  exclude  employees  hired  after  December  31,  2003.  Many  of  the  Company’s  non-U.S.  employees  are 
also covered by pension arrangements.

46

At December 31, 2017, the Company’s pension liability (i.e. the actual funded status) for its U.S. and non-U.S. plans was $226 million 
compared to $238 million one year earlier. The plans had a net unamortized actuarial loss of $95 million recorded in Accumulated Other 
Comprehensive (Loss) Income in the Consolidated Statement of Equity at December 31, 2017, compared to $131 million at December 
31, 2016. The decrease in the actuarial loss was due to the impact of the plan freeze (curtailment) in the U.S., which is scheduled to begin 
on  December  31,  2021,  partly  offset  by  decrease  in  the  discount  rates  for  many  of  the  foreign  plans.  The  amortization  of  this  loss  is 
expected to be $4 million in 2018.

The  liability  decrease  in  2017  of  $12  million  was  mainly  due  to  the  curtailment  impact  of  the  plan  freeze  in  the  U.S.,  partly  offset  by  a 
decrease in the discount rate for many of the plans and foreign currency translation effects of the non-U.S. plans. The liability increase in 
2016 of $41 million was mainly due to a decrease in the discount rate for many of the plans and the transfer of the defined benefit plan in 
Japan in connection with the acquisition of ANBS, partly offset by foreign currency translation effects of the non-U.S. plans. 

Pension expense associated with the defined benefit plans was $34 million in 2017, $28 million in 2016 and $35 million in 2015 and is 
expected to be $25 million in 2018. The increase in pension expense in 2017 of $6 million was mainly due to a prior year decrease in 
discount rates. The decrease in pension expense in 2016 of $7 million was mainly due to a prior year increase in discount rates. In 2015 
the increase in pension expense of $10 million was mainly due to a prior year decrease in the discount rate.

The  Company  contributed  $19  million  to  its  defined  benefit  plans  in  2017,  $17  million  in  2016  and  $16  million  in  2015.  The  Company 
expects to contribute $17 million to these plans in 2018 and is currently projecting a yearly funding at approximately the same level in the 
subsequent years.

For further information about retirement plans see Note 18 to Consolidated Financial Statements included herein.

SHAREHOLDER RETURNS

Total cash dividends paid were $209 million in 2017, $203 million in 2016 and $196 million in 2015. The Company has raised the dividend 
from 52 cents per share in 2014 to 60 cents per share in 2017 (see following table). The Board of Directors has declared a dividend of 60 
cents  per  share  for  the  first  quarter  and  62  cents  per  share  for  the  second  quarter  of  2018.  The  annualized  dividend  amount  of  $209 
million, is based on 60 cents per share and the number of shares outstanding at December 31, 2017.

During the second quarter of 2017, the Company repurchased 1.4 million shares for cash of $157 million, including commissions. There 
were no share repurchases in 2016. During the first quarter in 2015, the Company repurchased 0.9 million shares for cash of $104 million, 
including commissions. In total, Autoliv has repurchased 44.5 million shares between May 2000 and December 2017 for cash of $2,498 
million, including commissions. The maximum number of shares that are available to be purchased under the stock repurchase program 
at December 31, 2017 is 3.0 million. There is no expiration date for the share repurchase authorization in order to provide management 
flexibility  in  the  Company’s  share  repurchases.  For  further  information  see  Note  13  to  the  Consolidated  Financial  Statements  included 
herein.

DIVIDENDS PAID
1st Quarter
2nd Quarter
3rd Quarter
4th Quarter

1)

Declared.

EQUITY

2014

2015

2016

2017

2018

  $
  $
  $
  $

0.52    $
0.52    $
0.54    $
0.54    $

0.54    $
0.56    $
0.56    $
0.56    $

0.56    $
0.58    $
0.58    $
0.58    $

0.58    $
0.60    $
0.60     
0.60     

0.60  1)
0.62  1)

During  2017,  total  equity  increased  by  6.2%  or  $243  million  to  $4,169  million.  This  was  mainly  due  to  a  net  income  of  $303  million, 
positive  foreign  currency  translation  adjustments  of  $272  million,  $24  million  due  to  changes  in  pension  liabilities  and  a  $19  million 
increase from stock based compensation. These effects were partly offset by $210 million for dividends and share repurchases of $157 
million.

During 2016, total equity increased by 13.2% or $458 million to $3,926 million. This was mainly due to a net income of $562 million, $252 
million from the recognition of a minority interest in ANBS and a $16 million increase from stock based compensation. These effects were 
partly offset by $206 million for dividends, $156 million due to negative foreign currency translation adjustments and $17 million due to 
changes in pension liabilities.

IMPACT OF INFLATION [AND RAW MATERIAL PRICES]

Inflation has generally not had a significant impact on the Company’s financial position or results of operations. The impact of raw material 
prices in 2015 and 2016 was positive by $40 million and $33 million, respectively. For 2017, we have an unfavorable impact of $30 million 
from increasing raw material prices.

Changes  in  most  raw  material  prices  affect  the  Company  with  a  time  lag,  which  is  usually  three  to  six  months  for  most  materials  (see 
Component Costs).

47

 
   
   
   
   
 
 
    
    
In many growth markets, inflation is relatively high, especially labor inflation. We have managed to offset this negative effect mainly by 
labor productivity improvements. However, no assurance can be given that this will continue to be possible going forward.

PERSONNEL

During the past three years, total headcount (permanent employees and temporary personnel) has risen by 20% from the beginning of 
2015 to 72,034 at the end of 2017. This reflects the rebound in the cyclical automotive business as well as the combined effect of long-
term growth of global LVP, strong demand for safer vehicles, technology development and Autoliv’s market share gains, which all drive 
the need for additional manufacturing and R,D&E personnel.

During 2017, headcount increased by 1,740 including a minor impact from acquisitions by 30 people. During 2016, headcount increased 
by  6,200  including  impact  from  acquisitions  by  1,733  people.  During  2015,  headcount  increased  by  4,000  including  impact  from 
acquisitions by 23 people. Excluding acquisitions headcount increased by 2% during 2017, 7% during 2016 and 7% during 2015, which 
should be compared to increases in organic sales of 2%, 7% and 8% for the same years.

At the end of 2017, 75% of total headcount was in BCC compared to 74% at the beginning of 2015. Furthermore, 67% of total headcount 
at December 31, 2017 was direct workers in manufacturing compared to 72% at the beginning of 2015, while 13% of total headcount at 
December 31, 2017 were temporary employees, compared to 15% at the beginning of 2015.

Compensation  to  directors  and  executive  officers  is  reported,  as  is  customary  for  U.S.  public  companies,  in  Autoliv’s  proxy  statement, 
which will be available to shareholders in March 2018.

Treasury Activities

CREDIT ARRANGEMENTS

In  July  2016,  the  Company  refinanced  its  existing  revolving  credit  facility  (RCF)  of  $1,100  million.  The  facility  is  syndicated  among  14 
banks. It also had two extension options where Autoliv can request the banks to extend the maturity to 2022 and 2023, respectively, on 
the first and second anniversaries of the loan facility, a so called 5+1+1 structure. In July 2017, the Company extended the maturity date 
from July 2021 to July 2022. The Company pays a commitment fee on the undrawn amount of 0.08%, representing 35% of the applicable 
margin, which is 0.225% (given the Company’s rating of “A-” from Standard & Poor’s at December 31, 2017). Borrowings under the facility 
are unsecured and bear interest based on the relevant LIBOR or IBOR rate. The commitment is available for general corporate purposes. 
Borrowings are repayable at any time and in their entirety at the expiration date.

At December 31, 2017, the Company’s unutilized long-term credit facilities were $1.1 billion, represented by the RCF. This facility is not 
subject  to  any  financial  covenants  nor  is  any  other  substantial  financing  of  Autoliv.  The  Company  had  a  net  debt  position  (see  section 
Non-U.S. GAAP Performance Measures) at year end 2017 and 2016 of $379 million and $313 million, respectively.

In 2014, the Company issued and sold $1.25 billion of long-term debt securities in a U.S. Private Placement pursuant to a Note Purchase 
and Guaranty Agreement dated April 23, 2014, by and among Autoliv ASP Inc., the Company and the purchasers listed therein. See Note 
12 to Consolidated Financial Statements included herein for additional information.

During 2017 and 2016, the Company sold receivables and discounted notes related to selected customers. These factoring arrangements 
increase cash while reducing accounts receivable and customer risks. At December 31, 2017, the Company had received $134 million for 
sold receivables without recourse and discounted notes with a discount of $3 million during the year, compared to $113 million at year 
end 2016 with a discount of $2 million recorded in Other non-operating items, net.

Autoliv has a long-term credit rating from Standard and Poor’s of A- which is in line with the Company’s objective of maintaining a strong 
investment grade rating.

NUMBER OF SHARES

At December 31, 2017, 87.0 million shares were outstanding (net of 15.8 million treasury shares), a 1.4% decrease from 88.2 million one 
year earlier.

The number of shares outstanding is expected to increase by 0.6 million when all Restricted Stock Units (RSU) and Performance Shares 
(PSs)  vest  and  if  all  stock  options  (SOs)  to  key  employees  are  exercised,  see  Note  15  to  Consolidated  Financial  Statements  included 
herein.

For calculating earnings per share assuming dilution, Autoliv follows the Two Class Method.

In total, Autoliv has repurchased 44.5 million shares under its stock repurchase program between May 2000 and December 2017 for cash 
of  $2,498  million,  including  commissions.  The  average  cost  per  share  for  all  repurchased  shares  to  date  is  $56.13.  Purchases  can  be 
made  from  time  to  time  as  market  and  business  conditions  warrant  in  open  market,  negotiated  or  block  transactions.  There  is  no 
expiration date for the repurchase program in order to provide management flexibility in the Company’s share repurchases.

48

Contractual Obligations and Commitments

AGGREGATE CONTRACTUAL OBLIGATIONS1)

Payments due by Period

(DOLLARS IN MILLIONS)
Debt obligations including DRD2)
Fixed-interest obligations including DRD2)
Operating lease obligations
Build-to-suit lease obligations
Pension contribution requirements3)
Other non-current liabilities reflected on the
   balance sheet
Total

Total

Less than 1 
year

More than 5 
years

  $

1,339    $
362     
152     
78     
17     

    1-3 years     3-5 years    
268    $
87     
56     
9     
—     

286    $
68     
25     
9     
—     

18    $
99     
48     
1     
17     

49     
1,997    $

  $

10     
193    $

28     
448    $

1     
389    $

767 
108 
23 
59 
— 

10 
967  

1)

2)
3)

Excludes contingent liabilities arising from litigation, arbitration, regulatory actions or income taxes including $41 million provisional estimate related 
to the Tax Act. See Note 4 to the Consolidated Financial Statements.
Debt-Related Derivatives (DRD), see Note 12 to the Consolidated Financial Statements included herein. 
Expected contributions for funded and unfunded defined benefit plans exclude payments beyond 2018.

Contractual  obligations  include  debt,  lease  and  purchase  obligations  that  are  enforceable  and  legally  binding  on  the  Company.  Non-
controlling interest and restructuring obligations are not included in this table. The major employee obligations as a result of restructuring 
are disclosed in Note 10 to Consolidated Financial Statements included herein.

Debt  obligations  including  Debt-Related  Derivatives  (DRD):  For  material  contractual  provisions,  see  Note  12  to  Consolidated 
Financial Statements included herein. The debt obligations include capital lease obligations, which mainly relate to property and plants in 
Japan, as well as the impact of revaluation to fair value.

Fixed-interest  obligations  including  DRD:  These  obligations  include  interest  on  debt  and  credit  agreements  relating  to  periods  after 
December 31, 2017, as adjusted by DRD, excluding fees on the revolving credit facility and interest on debts with no defined amortization 
plan.

Operating lease obligations: The Company leases certain offices, manufacturing and research buildings, machinery, automobiles and 
data processing and other equipment. Such operating leases, some of which are non-cancelable and include renewals, expire on various 
dates. See Note 17 to Consolidated Financial Statements included herein.

Build-to-suit lease obligations: The Company has entered into build-to-lease arrangements for certain buildings during 2017. See Note 
17 to Consolidated Financial Statements included herein.

Unconditional  purchase  obligations:  There  are  no  unconditional  purchase  obligations  other  than  short-term  obligations  related  to 
inventory, services, tooling, and property, plant and equipment purchased in the ordinary course of business.

Purchase agreements with suppliers entered into in the ordinary course of business do not generally include fixed quantities. Quantities 
and delivery dates are established in “call off plans” accessible electronically for all customers and suppliers involved. Communicated “call 
off plans” for production material from suppliers are normally reflected in equivalent commitments from Autoliv customers.

Pension  contribution  requirements:  The  Company  sponsors  defined  benefit  plans  that  cover  a  significant  portion  of  our  U.S. 
employees  and  certain  non-U.S.  employees.  The  pension  plans  in  the  U.S.  are  funded  in  conformity  with  the  minimum  funding 
requirements  of  the  Pension  Protection  Act  of  2006.  Funding  for  our  pension  plans  in  other  countries  is  based  upon  plan  provisions, 
actuarial recommendations and/or statutory requirements.

In 2018, the expected contribution to all plans, including direct payments to retirees, is $17 million, of which the major contribution is $7 
million for our U.S. pension plans. Due to volatility associated with future changes in interest rates and plan asset returns, the Company 
cannot  predict  with  reasonable  reliability  the  timing  and  amounts  of  future  funding  requirements,  and  therefore  the  above  excludes 
payments  beyond  2018.  We  may  elect  to  make  contributions  in  excess  of  the  minimum  funding  requirements  for  the  U.S.  plans  in 
response to investment performance and changes in interest rates, or when we believe that it is financially advantageous to do so and 
based on other capital requirements.

Excluded from the above are expected contributions of less than $1 million due in 2018 with respect to our other post-employment benefit 
(OPEB)  plans,  which  represent  the  expected  benefit  payments  to  participants  as  costs  are  incurred.  See  Note  18  to  Consolidated 
Financial Statements included herein.

Other  non-current  liabilities  reflected  on  the  balance  sheet:  These  consist  mainly  of  local  governmental  liabilities  and  an  earn-out 
payment related to the M/A-COM acquisition (see Note 3).

49

 
 
 
   
 
   
   
   
   
   
Autotech

On  June  30,  2017,  Autoliv  committed  to  make  a  $15  million  investment  in  Autotech  Fund  I,  L.P.  pursuant  to  a  limited  partnership 
agreement, and will periodically make capital contributions toward this total investment amount. During the second half of 2017, Autoliv 
has in total contributed $3.8 million to the fund. This fund focuses broadly on the automotive industry and complements the Company’s 
innovation strategy, particularly in the areas of active safety and autonomous driving.

OFF-BALANCE SHEET ARRANGEMENTS

The Company does not have any off-balance sheet arrangements that have, or are reasonably likely to have, a material current or future 
effect on its financial position, results of operations or cash flows.

Risks and Risk Management

The Company is exposed to several categories of risks. They can broadly be categorized as operational risks, strategic risks and financial 
risks. Some of the major risks in each category are described below. There are also other risks that could have a material effect on the 
Company’s results and financial position and the description below is not complete but should be read in conjunction with the discussion 
of risks described in Item 1A above, which contains a description of our material risks.

As  described  below,  the  Company  has  taken  several  mitigating  actions,  applied  numerous  strategies,  adopted  policies,  and  introduced 
control  and  reporting  systems  to  reduce  and  mitigate  these  risks.  In  addition,  the  Company  from  time  to  time  identifies  and  evaluates 
emerging or changing risks to the Company in order to ensure that identified risks and related risk management are updated in this fast 
moving environment.

Operational Risks

LIGHT VEHICLE PRODUCTION

Around  30%  of  Autoliv’s  costs  are  fixed;  therefore,  short-term  earnings  are  dependent  on  sales  volumes  and  highly  dependent  on 
capacity utilization in the Company’s plants.

Global LVP is an indicator of the Company’s sales development. Ultimately, however, sales are determined by the production levels for 
the individual vehicle models for which Autoliv is a supplier (see Dependence on Customers). The Company’s sales are split over several 
hundred  contracts  covering  approximately  1,300  vehicle  models,  this  moderates  the  effect  of  changes  in  vehicle  demand  of  individual 
countries and regions as well as production issues. The risk of fluctuating sales has also been mitigated by Autoliv’s rapid expansion in 
Asia and other growth markets, which has reduced the Company’s former high dependence on sales in Europe to a diversified mix with 
Europe, the Americas and Asia each accounting for roughly 30% to 40% of 2017 sales. 

It is the Company’s strategy to reduce the risk of fluctuating LVP by using a high number of temporary employees instead of permanent 
employees  in  direct  production.  During  2017,  2016  and  2015,  the  level  of  temporary  employees  in  relation  to  total  headcount  in  direct 
production was 15%, 15% and 18% respectively. The main reason for the decline is changes to legislation in countries where we have a 
large number of production employees. To reduce the potential impact of unusual fluctuations in the production of vehicle models supplied 
by  the  Company,  such  as  during  the  financial  crisis  of  2008  and  2009,  it  is  also  necessary  for  the  Company  to  be  prepared  to  quickly 
adapt the level of permanent employees as well as fixed cost production capacity. 

PRICING PRESSURE

Pricing pressure from customers is an inherent part of the automotive components business. The extent of price reductions varies from 
year to year and takes the form of one time give backs, reductions in direct sales prices or discounted reimbursements for engineering 
work.

In  response,  Autoliv  is  continuously  engaged  in  efforts  to  reduce  costs  and  to  provide  customers  added  value  by  developing  new 
products.  Generally,  the  speed  by  which  these  cost-reduction  programs  generate  results  will,  to  a  large  extent,  determine  the  future 
profitability of the Company. The various cost-reduction programs are, to a considerable extent, interrelated. This interrelationship makes 
it difficult to isolate the impact of costs on any single program, therefore, we monitor key measures such as costs in relation to sales and 
productivity.

COMPONENT COSTS

Changes in these component costs and raw material prices could have a major impact on margins, since the cost of direct materials was 
approximately 54% of sales in 2017. Autoliv does not generally buy raw materials, but rather purchases manufactured components (such 
as  stamped  steel  parts  and  sewn  airbag  cushions).  In  spite  of  this,  raw  material  price  changes  in  Autoliv’s  supply  chain  could  have  a 
major  impact  on  its  profitability  since  approximately  50%  of  the  Company’s  component  costs  (corresponding  to  27%  of  net  sales)  are 
comprised of raw materials. The remaining 50% are value added by the supply chain.

50

Currently, 32% of the raw material cost (or 9% of net sales) is based on steel prices; 28% on oil based prices (i.e. nylon, polyester and 
engineering plastics) (or 8% of net sales); 20% on electronic components, such as circuit boards (or 5% of net sales); and 8% on non-
ferrous metals (2% of net sales).

Changes in most raw material prices affect the Company with a time lag. This lag used to be six to twelve months, but is now more often 
three to six months. For non-ferrous metals like aluminum and zinc, we have quarterly and sometimes monthly price adjustments.

The Company’s strategy is to offset price increases on cost of materials by taking several actions such as re-design of products to reduce 
material content (as well as weight), material standardization to globally available raw materials, consolidating volumes to fewer suppliers 
and  moving  components  sourcing  to  BCC´s.  However,  should  these  actions  not  be  sufficient  to  offset  component  price  increases,  our 
earnings could be materially impacted.

LEGAL

The Company is involved from time to time in regulatory, commercial and contractual legal proceedings that may be significant, and the 
Company’s  business  may  suffer  as  a  result  of  adverse  outcomes  of  current  or  future  legal  proceedings.  These  claims  may  include, 
without  limitation,  commercial  or  contractual  disputes,  including  disputes  with  the  Company’s  suppliers  and  customers,  intellectual 
property  matters,  alleged  violations  of  laws,  rules  or  regulations,  governmental  investigations,  personal  injury  claims,  product  liability 
claims, environmental issues, tax and customs matters, and employment matters.

The Company is currently subject to ongoing antitrust investigations by governmental authorities in several jurisdictions, as well as related 
civil litigation alleging anti-competitive conduct. Regulatory actions and government investigations, such as these antitrust matters, may 
seek to impose significant fines and or limit the Company’s operations.  It is difficult for the Company to predict the possibility that such 
proceedings are initiated, and their ultimate outcome and duration. 

A substantial legal liability or adverse regulatory outcome and the substantial cost to defend the litigation or regulatory proceedings may 
have an adverse effect on the Company’s business, operating results, financial condition, cash flows and reputation.

No assurances can be given that such proceedings and claims will not have a material adverse impact on the Company’s profitability and 
consolidated  financial  position  or  that  reserves  or  insurance  will  mitigate  such  impact.  See  Note  16  to  the  Consolidated  Financial 
Statements included herein and Item 3 – Legal Proceedings.

PRODUCT WARRANTY AND RECALLS

If our products are alleged to fail to perform as expected or are defective, the Company may be exposed to various claims for damages 
and compensation. Such claims may result in costs and other losses to the Company even where the relevant product is eventually found 
to  have  functioned  properly.  If  a  product  (actually  or  allegedly)  fails  to  perform  as  expected  or  is  defective,  we  may  face  warranty  and 
recall claims. If such actual or alleged failure or defect results, or is alleged to result, in bodily injury and/or property damage, we may also 
face product liability and other claims. The Company may experience material warranty, recall, product or other liability claims or losses in 
the future, and the Company may incur significant cost to defend against such claims. The Company may be required to participate in a 
recall involving its products. Each vehicle manufacturer has its own practices regarding product recalls and other product liability actions 
relating to its suppliers. Government safety regulators also have policies and practices with respect to recalls. As suppliers become more 
integrally  involved  in  the  vehicle  design  process  and  assume  more  of  the  vehicle  assembly  functions,  vehicle  manufacturers  are 
increasingly looking to their suppliers for contribution when faced with recalls and product liability claims. In addition, with global platforms 
and procedures, vehicle manufacturers are increasingly evaluating our quality performance on a global basis. Any one or more quality, 
warranty  or  other  recall  issue(s)  including  the  ones  affecting  few  units  and/or  having  a  small  financial  impact  may  cause  a  vehicle 
manufacturer to implement measures which may have a severe impact on the Company’s operations, such as a temporary or prolonged 
suspension of new orders or the Company’s ability to bid for new business.

In addition, over time, there is a risk that the number of vehicles affected by a failure or defect will increase significantly (as would the 
Company’s  costs),  since  our  products  often  use  global  designs  and  are  increasingly  based  on  or  utilize  the  same  or  similar  parts, 
components or solutions.

Although quality has always been a central focus in the automotive industry, especially for safety products, our customers and regulators 
have become increasingly attentive to quality with even less tolerance for any deviations, which has resulted in an increase in the number 
of  automotive  recalls.  This  trend  is  likely  to  continue  as  automobile  manufacturers  introduce  even  stricter  quality  requirements  and 
regulating  agencies  and  other  authorities  increase  the  level  of  scrutiny  given  to  vehicle  safety  issues.  A  warranty,  recall  or  a  product 
liability  claim  brought  against  the  Company  in  excess  of  the  Company’s  insurance  may  have  a  material  adverse  effect  on  its  business 
and/or  financial  results.  Vehicle  manufacturers  are  also  increasingly  requiring  their  external  suppliers  to  guarantee  or  warrant  their 
products  and  bear  the  costs  of  repair  and  replacement  of  such  products  under  new  vehicle  warranties.  A  vehicle  manufacturer  may 
attempt  to  hold  the  Company  responsible  for  some  or  all  of  the  repair  or  replacement  costs  of  defective  products  under  new  vehicle 
warranties when the product supplied did not perform as represented. Additionally, a customer may not allow us to bid for expiring or new 
business until certain remedial steps have been taken. Accordingly, the future costs of warranty claims by the Company’s customers may 
be material. 

51

The  Company’s  warranty  reserves  are  based  upon  management’s  best  estimates  of  amounts  necessary  to  settle  future  and  existing 
claims. Management regularly evaluates the appropriateness of these reserves, and adjusts them when we believe it is appropriate to do 
so.  However,  the  final  amounts  determined  to  be  due  could  differ  materially  from  the  Company’s  recorded  estimates.  We  believe  our 
established reserves are adequate to cover potential warranty settlements typically seen in our business.

The  Company’s  strategy  is  to  follow  a  stringent  procedure  when  developing  new  products  and  technologies  and  to  apply  a  proactive 
“zero-defect” quality policy (see section Quality Management). In addition, the Company carries insurance for potential recall and product 
liability  claims  at  coverage  levels  that  management  believes  are  generally  sufficient  to  cover  the  risks  based  on  the  Company’s  prior 
claims  experience.  However,  such  insurance  may  not  be  sufficient  to  cover  every  possible  claim  that  can  arise  in  the  Company’s 
businesses, now or in the future, or may not always will be available should the Company, now or in the future, wish to extend, renew, 
increase or otherwise adjust such insurance. Management’s decision regarding what insurance to procure is also impacted by the cost for 
such insurance. As a result, the Company may face material losses in excess of the insurance coverage procured. A substantial recall or 
liability in excess of coverage levels could therefore have a material adverse effect on the Company.

ENVIRONMENTAL

Most of the Company’s manufacturing processes consist of the assembly of components. As a result, the environmental impact from the 
Company’s plants is generally modest. While the Company’s businesses from time to time are subject to environmental  investigations, 
there are no material environmental-related cases pending against the Company. Therefore, Autoliv does not incur (or expect to incur) 
any  material  costs  or  capital  expenditures  associated  with  maintaining  facilities  compliant  with  U.S.  or  non-U.S.  environmental 
requirements. To reduce environmental risk, the Company has implemented an environmental management system in all plants globally 
and has adopted an environmental policy (see corporate website www.autoliv.com).

Autoliv is subject to a number of environmental and occupational health and safety laws and regulations. Such requirements are complex 
and are generally becoming more stringent over time. There can be no assurance that these requirements will not change in the future, or 
that we will at all times be in compliance with all such requirements and regulations, despite our intention to be. The Company may also 
find  itself  subject,  possibly  due  to  changes  in  legislation  or  other  regulation,  to  environmental  liabilities  based  on  the  activities  of  its 
predecessor entities or of businesses acquired. Such liability could be based on activities which are not related to the Company’s current 
activities.

Strategic Risks

REGULATIONS

In addition to vehicle production, the Company’s market is driven by the safety content per vehicle, which is affected by new regulations 
and new vehicle rating programs, in addition to consumer demand for new safety technologies.

The most important regulations are the seatbelt installation laws that exist in all vehicle-producing countries. Many countries also have 
strict enforcement laws on the wearing of seatbelts. Another significant vehicle safety regulation is the U.S. federal law that, since 1997, 
requires frontal airbags for both the driver and the front-seat passenger in all new vehicles sold in the U.S. In 2007, the U.S. adopted new 
regulations for side-impact protection which now have been fully phased-in. China introduced a vehicle rating program in 2006, and Latin 
America introduced a similar program in 2010. The United States upgraded its vehicle rating program in 2010 and Europe will by 2018 
complete an upgrade of its Euro NCAP rating system. Euro NCAP has already initiated the next upgrade, which will be fully implemented 
by 2025. There are also other plans for improved automotive safety, both in these countries and many other countries that could affect the 
Company’s market.

However, there can be no assurance that changes in regulations will not adversely affect the demand for the Company’s products or, at 
least, result in a slower increase in the demand for them.

DEPENDENCE ON CUSTOMERS

In 2017 the five largest vehicle manufacturers accounted for 49% of global LVP and the ten largest manufacturers for 74%.

As  a  result  of  this  highly  consolidated  market,  the  Company  is  dependent  on  a  relatively  small  number  of  customers  with  strong 
purchasing power.

In 2017, the Company’s five largest customers accounted for 51% of revenues and the ten largest customers for 81% of revenues. For a 
list of the largest customers, see Note 19 to the Consolidated Financial Statements included herein.

Our  largest  customer  contract  accounted  for  around  3%  of  sales  in  2017.  Although  business  with  every  major  customer  is  split  into 
several contracts (usually one contract per vehicle platform) and although the customer base has become more balanced and diversified 
as a result of Autoliv’s significant expansion in China and other rapidly-growing markets, the loss of all business from a major customer 
(whether by a cancellation of existing contracts or not awarding Autoliv new business), the consolidation of one or more major customers 
or a bankruptcy of a major customer could have a material adverse effect on the Company. In addition, a quality issue, shortcomings in 
our  service  to  a  customer  or  uncompetitive  prices  or  products  could  result  in  the  customer  not  awarding  us  new  business,  which  will 
gradually have a negative impact on our sales when current contracts start to expire.

52

CUSTOMER PAYMENT RISK

Another risk related to our customers is the risk that one or more of our customers will be unable to pay their invoices that become due. 
We seek to limit this customer payment risk by invoicing our major customers through their local subsidiaries in each country, even for 
global contracts. By invoicing this way, we attempt to avoid having the receivables with a multinational customer group exposed to the risk 
that  a  bankruptcy  or  similar  event  in  one  country  would  put  all  receivables  with  such  customer  group  at  risk.  In  each  country,  we  also 
monitor invoices becoming overdue.

Even so, if a major customer is unable to fulfill its payment obligations, it is likely that we would be forced to record a substantial loss on 
such receivables.

DEPENDENCE ON SUPPLIERS

Autoliv,  at  each  stage  of  production,  relies  on  internal  or  external  suppliers  in  order  to  meet  its  delivery  commitments.  In  some  cases, 
customers require that the suppliers are qualified and approved by them. Autoliv’s supplier consolidation program seeks to reduce costs 
but  increases  our  dependence  on  the  remaining  suppliers.  As  a  result,  the  Company  is  dependent,  in  several  instances,  on  a  single 
supplier  for  a  specific  component.  However,  this  dependence  is  mitigated  by  the  fact  that  we  seldom  are  applying  a  specific 
manufacturing  technology.  Consequently,  we  can  often  change  suppliers,  albeit  with  some  costs  and  time  for  validation  and  customer 
approval.

Consequently,  there  is  a  risk  that  disruptions  in  the  supply  chain  could  lead  to  the  Company  not  being  able  to  meet  its  delivery 
commitments and, as a consequence, to extra costs. This risk increases as suppliers are being squeezed between higher raw material 
prices and the continuous pricing pressure in the automotive industry. This risk also increases when our internal and external suppliers 
are to a higher degree located in countries which have a higher political risk.

The  Company’s  strategy  is  to  reduce  these  supplier  risks  by  seeking  to  maintain  an  optimal  number  of  suppliers  in  all  significant 
component technologies, by standardization and by developing alternative suppliers around the world.

However,  for  various  reasons  including  costs  involved  in  maintaining  alternative  suppliers,  this  is  not  always  possible.  As  a  result, 
difficulties with a single supplier could impact more than one customer and product, and thus materially impact our earnings.

NEW COMPETITION

Increased  competition  may  result  in  price  reductions,  reduced  margins  and  our  inability  to  gain  or  hold  market  share.  OEMs  rigorously 
evaluate  suppliers  on  the  basis  of  product  quality,  price,  reliability  and  delivery  as  well  as  engineering  capabilities,  technical  expertise, 
product innovation, financial viability, application of lean principles, operational flexibility, customer service and overall management. To 
maintain our competitiveness and position as a market leader, it is important to focus on all of these aspects of supplier evaluation and 
selection.  

Although  the  market  for  occupant  restraint  systems  has  undergone  a  significant  consolidation  during  the  past  ten  years,  the  passive 
safety  market  remains  very  competitive.  It  cannot  be  excluded  that  additional  competitors,  both  global  and  local,  will  seek  to  enter  the 
market or grow beyond their current Keiretsu group or traditional customer base. Particularly in China, South Korea and Japan there are 
numerous small domestic competitors often supplying just one OEM group.

The most rapid growth opportunities are expected be in the active safety systems markets, which include many of the traditional Tier 1 
automotive suppliers. As this industry is subject to rapid evolution and changes in technology, it is likely other none-traditional automotive 
suppliers may enter this attractive market. Additionally, there is no guarantee our customers will adopt our new products or technologies.

PATENTS AND PROPRIETARY TECHNOLOGY

The Company’s strategy is to protect its innovations with patents, and to vigorously protect and defend its patents, trademarks and know-
how against infringement and unauthorized use. At the end of 2017, the Company held close to 6,900 patents. These patents expire on 
various dates during the period from 2018 to 2037. The expiration of any single patent is not expected to have a material adverse effect 
on the Company’s financial results.

Although  the  Company  believes  that  its  products  and  technology  do  not  infringe  upon  the  proprietary  rights  of  others,  there  can  be  no 
assurance that third parties will not assert infringement claims against the Company in the future. Also, there can be no assurance that 
any  patent  now  owned  by  the  Company  will  afford  protection  against  competitors  that  develop  similar  technology.  As  the  Company 
continues to expand its products and expand into new businesses, it will increase its exposure to intellectual property claims.

Financial Risks

The Company is exposed to financial risks through its international operations and normal debt-financed activities. Most of the financial 
risks are caused by variations in the Company’s cash flow generation resulting from, among other things, changes in exchange rates and 
interest rate levels, as well as from refinancing risk and credit risk.

53

In  order  to  reduce  the  financial  risks  and  to  take  advantage  of  economies  of  scale,  the  Company  has  a  central  treasury  department 
supporting operations and management. The treasury department handles external financial transactions and functions as the Company’s 
in-house bank for its subsidiaries.

The  Board  of  Directors  monitors  compliance  with  the  financial  risk  policy  on  an  on-going  basis.  For  information  about  specific  financial 
risks, see Item 7A – Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk.

Significant Accounting Policies and Critical Accounting Estimates

NEW ACCOUNTING PRONOUNCEMENTS

The  Company  has  considered  all  applicable  recently  issued  accounting  guidance.  The  Company  has  summarized  in  Note  1  to  the 
Consolidated  Financial  Statements  each  of  the  recently  issued  accounting  pronouncements  and  stated  the  impact  or  whether 
management is continuing to assess the impact. See Note 1 for additional information.

APPLICATION OF CRITICAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES

The Company’s significant accounting policies are disclosed in Note 1 to the Consolidated Financial Statements included herein. Senior 
management has discussed the development and selection of critical accounting estimates and disclosures with the Audit Committee of 
the Board of Directors. The application of accounting policies necessarily requires judgments and the use of estimates by a Company’s 
management.  Actual  results  could  differ  from  these  estimates.  By  their  nature,  these  judgments  are  subject  to  an  inherent  degree  of 
uncertainty. These judgments are based on our historical experience, terms of existing contracts, and management’s evaluation of trends 
in  the  industry,  information  provided  by  our  customers  and  information  available  from  other  outside  sources,  as  appropriate.  The 
Company considers an accounting estimate to be critical if:

•

•

It requires management to make assumptions about matters that were uncertain at the time of the estimate, and

Changes  in  the  estimate  or  different  estimates  that  could  have  been  selected  would  have  had  a  material  impact  on  our  financial 
condition  or  results  of  operations.  The  accounting  estimates  that  require  management’s  most  significant  judgments  include  the 
estimation  of  retroactive  price  adjustments,  estimations  associated  with  purchase  price  allocations  regarding  business 
combinations,  assessment  of  recoverability  of  goodwill  and  intangible  assets,  estimation  of  pension  benefit  obligations  based  on 
actuarial  assumptions,  estimation  of  accruals  for  warranty  and  product  liabilities,  restructuring  charges,  uncertain  tax  positions, 
valuation allowances and legal proceedings.

REVENUE RECOGNITION

Revenues  are  recognized  when  there  is  evidence  of  a  sales  agreement,  delivery  of  goods  has  occurred,  the  sales  price  is  fixed  and 
determinable  and  the  collectability  of  revenue  is  reasonably  assured.  The  Company  records  revenue  from  the  sale  of  manufactured 
products upon shipment to customers and transfer of title and risk of loss under standard commercial terms.

Accruals are made for retroactive price adjustments if probable and can be reasonably estimated. Net sales exclude taxes assessed by a 
governmental authority that are directly imposed on revenue-producing transactions between the Company and its customers.

BUSINESS COMBINATIONS

In  accordance  with  accounting  guidance  for  the  provisions  in  FASB  ASC  805,  Business  Combinations,  the  Company  allocates  the 
purchase price of an acquired business to its identifiable assets and liabilities based on estimated fair values. The excess of the purchase 
price  over  the  amount  allocated  to  the  assets  and  liabilities,  if  any,  is  recorded  as  goodwill.  In  addition,  an  acquisition  may  include  a 
contingent  consideration  component,  such  as  our  acquisition  agreement  for  MACOM  during  2015.  The  fair  value  of  the  contingent 
consideration is estimated as of the date of the acquisition and is recorded as part of the purchase price. Each quarter this contingent 
consideration is re-measured using the discounted cash flow method.

The Company uses all available information to estimate fair values. The Company has engaged outside appraisal firms to assist in the fair 
value  determination  of  identifiable  intangible  assets  and  any  other  significant  assets  or  liabilities.  The  Company  adjusts  the  preliminary 
purchase  price  allocation,  as  necessary,  up  to  one  year  after  the  acquisition  closing  date  as  the  Company  obtains  more  information 
regarding asset valuations and liabilities assumed.

The Company’s purchase price allocation methodology contains uncertainties because it requires management to make assumptions and 
to apply judgment to estimate the fair value of acquired assets and liabilities. Management estimates the fair value of assets and liabilities 
based  upon  quoted  market  prices,  the  carrying  value  of  the  acquired  assets  and  widely  accepted  valuation  techniques,  including 
discounted cash flows and market multiple analyses. Unanticipated events or circumstances may occur which could affect the accuracy of 
our fair value estimates, including assumptions regarding industry economic factors and business strategies.

Other estimates used in determining fair value include, but are not limited to, future cash flows or income related to intangibles, market 
rate assumptions, actuarial assumptions for benefit plans and appropriate discount rates. The Company estimates the fair value based 
upon assumptions believed to be reasonable, but that are inherently uncertain, and therefore, may not be realized. Accordingly, there can 
be  no  assurance  that  the  estimates,  assumptions,  and  values  reflected  in  the  valuations  will  be  realized,  and  actual  results  could  vary 
materially.

54

EQUITY METHOD INVESTMENTS

The  Company  initially  account  for  an  equity  method  investment  at  its  fair  value  on  the  date  of  acquisition.  See  Note  1  Equity  method 
investments and Note 7 related to its investment in Zenuity.

INVENTORY RESERVES

Inventories are evaluated based on individual or, in some cases, groups of inventory items. Reserves are established to reduce the value 
of inventories to the lower of cost and net realizable value. Net realizable value is the estimated selling prices in the ordinary course of 
business,  less  reasonably  predictable  costs  of  completion,  disposal  and  transportation.  Excess  inventories  are  quantities  of  items  that 
exceed anticipated sales or usage for a reasonable period. The Company has guidelines for calculating provisions for excess inventories 
based  on  the  number  of  months  of  inventories  on  hand  compared  to  anticipated  sales  or  usage.  Management  uses  its  judgment  to 
forecast sales or usage and to determine what constitutes a reasonable period.

There  can  be  no  assurance  that  the  amount  ultimately  realized  for  inventories  will  not  be  materially  different  than  that  assumed  in  the 
calculation of the reserves.

GOODWILL AND INTANGIBLES

The  Company  performs  an  annual  impairment  review  of  goodwill  in  the  fourth  quarter  of  each  year  following  the  Company’s  annual 
forecasting  process.  Management  uses  its  judgment  to  determine  the  Company’s  reporting  units  for  goodwill  impairment  testing.  The 
estimated fair market value of goodwill is determined by the discounted cash flow method. The Company discounts projected operating 
cash  flows  using  its  weighted  average  cost  of  capital.  Estimating  the  fair  value  requires  the  Company  to  make  judgments  about 
appropriate discount rates, growth rates, relevant comparable company earnings multiples and the amount and timing of expected future 
cash  flows.  If  the  estimated  fair  value  of  a  reporting  unit  exceeds  its  carrying  value,  goodwill  is  considered  not  to  be  impaired.  If  the 
carrying value of a reporting unit exceeds its estimated fair value, an impairment loss is recognized for the excess of carrying amount over 
the fair value of the respective reporting unit.

To supplement this analysis, the Company compares the market value of its equity, calculated by reference to the quoted market prices of 
its shares, with the book value of its equity. In the fourth quarter of 2017, in connection with the annual impairment test, the Company 
recorded a goodwill impairment charge of $234 million in its Electronics Segment, relating to the ANBS acquisition (for further information, 
see  Note  2)  due  to  lower  than  originally  anticipated  sales  development.  There  is  no  remaining  goodwill  related  to  ANBS  after  the 
impairment. There were no goodwill impairments in 2015-2016.

The Company reviews indefinite-lived intangible assets for impairment annually or more frequently if events or changes in circumstances 
indicate  the  assets  might  be  impaired.  Similar  to  the  goodwill  impairment  test  described  above,  the  Company  performs  a  quantitative 
impairment test by comparing the estimated fair of the asset, based upon its forecasted cash flows, to its carrying value. Other intangible 
assets with definite lives are amortized over their useful lives. The Company evaluates the carrying value and useful lives of long-lived 
assets other than goodwill when indications of impairment are evident or it is likely that the useful lives have decreased, in which case the 
Company  depreciates  the  assets  over  the  remaining  useful  lives.  Impairment  testing  is  primarily  done  by  using  the  cash  flow  method 
based on undiscounted future cash flows. Estimated undiscounted cash flows for a long-lived asset being evaluated for recoverability are 
compared with the respective carrying amount of that asset. If the estimated undiscounted cash flows exceed the carrying amount of the 
assets, the carrying amounts of the long-lived asset are considered recoverable and an impairment cannot be recorded. However, if the 
carrying amount of a group of assets exceeds the undiscounted cash flows, an entity must then measure the long-lived assets’ fair value 
to determine whether an impairment loss should be recognized, generally using a discounted cash flow model. Generally, the lowest level 
of cash flows for impairment assessment is customer platform level.

RECALL PROVISIONS AND WARRANTY OBLIGATIONS

The  Company  records  liabilities  for  product  recalls  when  probable  claims  are  identified  and  when  it  is  possible  to  reasonably  estimate 
costs.  Recall  costs  are  costs  incurred  when  the  customer  decides  to  formally  recall  a  product  due  to  a  known  or  suspected  safety 
concern. Product recall costs typically include the cost of the product being replaced as well as the customer’s cost of the recall, including 
labor  to  remove  and  replace  the  defective  part.  In  some  cases  portions  of  the  product  recall  costs  are  reimbursed  by  an  insurance 
company. Actual costs incurred could differ from the amounts estimated, requiring adjustments to these reserves in future periods. It is 
possible that changes in our assumptions or future product recall issues could materially affect our financial position, results of operations 
or cash flows.

Estimating warranty obligations requires the Company to forecast the resolution of existing claims and expected future claims on products 
sold. The Company bases the estimate on historical trends of units sold and payment amounts, combined with our current understanding 
of  the  status  of  existing  claims  and  discussions  with  our  customers.  These  estimates  are  re-evaluated  on  an  ongoing  basis.  Actual 
warranty  obligations  could  differ  from  the  amounts  estimated  requiring  adjustments  to  existing  reserves  in  future  periods.  Due  to  the 
uncertainty and potential volatility of the factors contributing to developing these estimates, changes in our assumptions could materially 
affect our results of operations.

55

RESTRUCTURING PROVISIONS

The Company defines restructuring expense to include costs directly associated with capacity alignment programs, plus exit or disposal 
activities.  Estimates  of  restructuring  charges  are  based  on  information  available  at  the  time  such  charges  are  recorded.  In  general, 
management anticipates that restructuring activities will be completed within a time frame such that significant changes to the exit plan 
are not likely.

Due to inherent uncertainty involved in estimating restructuring expenses, actual amounts paid for such activities may differ from amounts 
initially estimated.

DEFINED BENEFIT PENSION PLANS

The Company has defined benefit pension plans in thirteen countries. The most significant plans exist in the U.S. These plans represent 
55% of the Company’s total pension benefit obligation. See Note 18 to the Consolidated Financial Statements included herein.

The  Company,  in  consultation  with  its  actuarial  advisors,  determines  certain  key  assumptions  to  be  used  in  calculating  the  projected 
benefit obligation and annual pension expense. For the U.S. plans, the assumptions used for calculating the 2017 pension expense were 
a discount rate of 4.15%, expected rate of increase in compensation levels of 2.65%, and an expected long-term rate of return on plan 
assets of 7.08%.

The assumptions used in calculating the U.S. benefit obligations disclosed as of December 31, 2017 were a discount rate of 3.55% and 
an expected age-based rate of increase in compensation levels of 2.65%. The discount rate for the U.S. plans has been set based on the 
rates  of  return  of  high-quality  fixed-income  investments  currently  available  at  the  measurement  date  and  are  expected  to  be  available 
during the period the benefits will be paid. The expected rate of increase in compensation levels and long-term return on plan assets are 
determined based on a number of factors and must take into account long-term expectations and reflect the financial environment in the 
respective local markets. At December 31, 2017, 56% of the U.S. plan assets were invested in equities, which is in line with the target of 
55%.

The table below illustrates the sensitivity of the U.S. net periodic benefit cost and projected U.S. benefit obligation to a 1pp change in the 
discount rate, decrease in return on plan assets and increase in compensation levels for the U.S. plans (in millions). The use of actuarial 
assumptions is an area of management’s estimate.

Assumption
(in millions)
Discount rate
Discount rate
Compensation levels
Return on plan assets

INCOME TAXES

2017 net

    2017 projected  
periodic benefit     benefit obligation  
cost increase    

increase
(decrease)

(decrease)

Change
  1pp increase 
  1pp decrease 
  1pp increase 
  1pp decrease 

$
$
$
$

(7)  $
8    $
4    $
2   

(60)
77 
5 
n/a  

Significant judgment is required in determining the worldwide provision for income taxes. In the ordinary course of a global business, there 
are  many  transactions  for  which  the  ultimate  tax  outcome  is  uncertain.  Many  of  these  uncertainties  arise  as  a  consequence  of 
intercompany transactions.

Although the Company believes that its tax return positions are supportable, no assurance can be given that the final outcome of these 
matters will not be materially different than that which is reflected in the historical income tax provisions and accruals. Such differences 
could have a material effect on the income tax provisions or benefits in the periods in which such determinations are made. See also the 
discussion of the Tax Act and the determinations of valuation allowances on our deferred tax assets in Note 4 Income Taxes.

CONTINGENT LIABILITIES

Various claims, lawsuits and proceedings are pending or threatened against the Company or its subsidiaries, covering a range of matters 
that arise in the ordinary course of its business activities with respect to commercial, product liability or other matters.

The  Company  diligently  defends  itself  in  such  matters  and,  in  addition,  carries  insurance  coverage  to  the  extent  reasonably  available 
against insurable risks.

The Company records liabilities for claims, lawsuits and proceedings when they are probable and it is possible to reasonably estimate the 
cost  of  such  liabilities.  Legal  costs  expected  to  be  incurred  in  connection  with  a  loss  contingency  are  expensed  as  such  costs  are 
incurred.

56

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
A loss contingency is accrued by a charge to income if it is probable that an asset has been impaired or a liability has been incurred and 
the amount of the loss can be reasonably estimated. In determining whether a loss should be accrued management evaluates, among 
other factors, the degree of probability of an unfavorable outcome and the ability to make a reasonable estimate of the amount of loss. 
Changes in these factors could materially impact our consolidated financial statements.

Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk

See also Note 1 to the Consolidated Financial Statements of this Annual Report included with this Form 10-K for information about how 
these risks are quantified.

CURRENCY RISKS

1. Transaction Exposure and Revaluation effects

Transaction  exposure  arises  because  the  cost  of  a  product  originates  in  one  currency  and  the  product  is  sold  in  another  currency. 
Revaluation effects come from valuation of assets denominated in other currencies than the reporting currency of each unit.

The Company’s gross transaction exposure for 2017 was approximately $3.7 billion. A part of the currency flows had counter-flows in the 
same currency pair, which reduced the net exposure to approximately $2.5 billion. The four largest net exposures, were the sale of U.S. 
dollars  against  the  Mexican  Peso,  sale  of  U.S.  dollars  against  Chinese  Renminbi,  purchase  of  U.S.  dollars  against  Korean  Won  and 
purchase of Euros against the Turkish Lira. Together these currencies accounted for approximately 35% of the Company’s net currency 
transaction exposure.

Since the Company can only effectively hedge these currency flows in the short term, periodic hedging would only reduce the impact of 
fluctuations  temporarily.  Over  time,  periodic  hedging  would  postpone  but  not  reduce  the  impact  of  fluctuations.  In  addition,  the  net 
exposure is limited to less than one quarter of net sales and is made up of around 50 different currency pairs with exposures in excess of 
$1  million  each.  Autoliv  generally  does  not  hedge  these  flows.  However,  for  some  purchase  components  from  external  suppliers,  the 
Company has chosen to hedge a limited volume.

2. Translation Exposure in the Income Statement and Balance Sheet 

Another effect of exchange rate fluctuations arises when the income statements of non-U.S. subsidiaries are translated into U.S. dollars. 
Outside  the  U.S.,  the  Company’s  most  significant  currency  is  the  Euro.  We  estimate  that  31%  of  the  Company’s  net  sales  will  be 
denominated  in  Euro  or  other  European  currencies  during  2018,  while  approximately  a  quarter  of  net  sales  is  estimated  to  be 
denominated in U.S. dollars.

The Company estimates that a 1% increase in the value of the U.S. dollar versus European currencies will decrease reported U.S. dollar 
annual net sales in 2018 by $36 million or by 0.3% while operating income for 2018 will decline by approximately 0.3% or by about $3 
million, assuming reported corporate average margin.

The Company’s policy is not to hedge this type of translation exposure since there is no cash flow effect to hedge.

A  translation  exposure  also  arises  when  the  balance  sheets  of  non-U.S.  subsidiaries  are  translated  into  U.S.  dollars.  The  policy  of  the 
Company  is  to  finance  major  subsidiaries  in  the  country’s  local  currency  and  to  minimize  the  amounts  held  by  subsidiaries  in  foreign 
currency accounts.

Consequently,  changes  in  currency  rates  relating  to  funding  and  foreign  currency  accounts  normally  have  a  small  impact  on  the 
Company’s income.

INTEREST RATE RISK

Interest rate risk refers to the risk that interest rate changes will affect the Company’s borrowing costs. Autoliv’s interest rate risk policy 
states that an increase in floating interest rates of one percentage point should not increase the annual net interest expense by more than 
$10 million in the following year and not by more than $15 million in the second year.

Given the Company’s current capital structure, we estimate that a one-percentage point interest rate increase would reduce net interest 
expense by approximately $9 million, both in 2018 and 2019. This is based on the capital structure at the end of 2017 when the gross 
fixed-rate debt was $1,321 million while the Company had a net debt position of $379 million (see section Non-U.S. GAAP Performance 
Measures).

Fixed interest rate debt is achieved both by issuing fixed rate notes and through interest rate swaps. The most notable debt carrying fixed 
interest rates is the $1.25 billion U.S. private placement notes issued in 2014 and the remaining $60 million U.S. private placement notes 
issued in 2007, see Note 12 to the Consolidated Financial Statements included herein.

57

REFINANCING RISK

Refinancing risk or borrowing risk refers to the risk that it could become difficult to refinance outstanding debt.

Autoliv’s  refinancing  risk  policy  requires  the  Company  to  maintain  long-term  facilities  with  an  average  maturity  of  at  least  three  years 
(drawn or undrawn) corresponding to 150% of total net debt (see section Non-U.S. GAAP Performance Measures). Meeting this policy 
can be achieved by raising long-term debt or debt commitments or by using cash flow to repay debt.

At  December  31,  2017,  the  Company  was  in  a  net  debt  position  of  $379  million  (see  section  Non-U.S.  GAAP  Performance  Measures) 
compared with net debt of $313 million at December 31, 2016. The Company has undrawn long-term debt facilities of $1.1 billion at the 
end of 2017 with an average remaining life of 4.5 years. Furthermore, the Company has no significant financing with financial covenants 
(i.e. performance related restrictions).

DEBT LIMITATION POLICY

To manage the inherent risks and cyclicality in Autoliv’s business, the Company maintains a relatively conservative financial leverage.

Autoliv’s  debt  limitation  policy  is  to  maintain  a  financial  leverage  commensurate  with  a  “strong  investment  grade  credit  rating”  and  our 
long-term target is to have a leverage ratio (see section Non-U.S. GAAP Performance Measures) of around 1 time and to be within the 
range of 0.5 to 1.5 times.

The Company had a long-term credit rating from Standard & Poor’s of A- as of December 31, 2017, which is in line with the Company’s 
objective of maintaining a strong investment grade rating.

Management uses the non-U.S. GAAP measure “Leverage Ratio” to analyze the amount of debt the Company can incur under its debt 
policy.  Management  believes  that  this  policy  also  provides  guidance  to  credit  and  equity  investors  regarding  the  extent  to  which  the 
Company  would  be  prepared  to  leverage  its  operations.  At  December  31,  2017,  the  leverage  ratio  (non-U.S.  GAAP  measure,  see 
calculation table below) was 0.5 times. For details and calculation of leverage ratio, refer to the table below.

CALCULATION OF LEVERAGE RATIO (DOLLARS IN MILLIONS)

Net debt1)
Pension liabilities
Debt per the Policy
Income before income taxes
Plus: Interest expense, net2)
Depreciation and amortization of intangibles3)
EBITDA per the Policy
Leverage ratio

 $
 $

 December 31 2017   December 31 2016  
313.3 
 $
237.5 
550.8 
803.8 
57.9 
383.0 
1,244.7 
0.4  

379.4  $
225.9   
605.3  $
506.5  $
53.8   
660.0   
1,220.3  $
0.5   

 $

1)
2)
3)

Net debt is short- and long-term debt and debt-related derivatives less cash and cash equivalents (non-U.S. GAAP measure). 
Interest expense, net is interest expense including cost for extinguishment of debt, if any, less interest income. 
Including impairment write-offs, if any.

CREDIT RISK IN FINANCIAL MARKETS

Credit risk refers to the risk of a financial counterparty being unable to fulfill an agreed-upon obligation.

In  the  Company’s  financial  operations,  this  risk  arises  when  cash  is  deposited  with  banks  and  when  entering  into  forward  exchange 
agreements, swap contracts or other financial instruments.

The policy of the Company is to work with banks that have a high credit rating and that participate in Autoliv’s financing.

In order to further reduce credit risk, deposits and financial instruments can only be entered into with core banks up to a calculated risk 
amount of $150 million per bank for banks rated A- or above and up to $50 million for banks rated BBB+. In addition, deposits can be 
made  in  U.S.  and  Swedish  government  short-  term  notes  and  certain  AAA  rated  money  market  funds  as  approved  by  the  Company’s 
Board of Directors. At year-end 2017, the Company held $326 million in AAA rated money market funds.

IMPAIRMENT RISK

Impairment risk refers to the risk that the Company will write down a material amount of its goodwill of close to $1.7 billion as of December 
31, 2017. This risk is assessed, at least, annually in the fourth quarter each year when the Company performs an impairment test based 
on its reporting units.

58

 
  
  
  
  
The discounted cash flow method is used for determining the fair value of these reporting units. The Company also compares the market 
value of its equity to the value derived from the discounted cash flow method. However, due to the combined effects of the cyclicality in 
the automotive industry and the volatility of stock markets, this method is only used as a supplement.

In  connection  with  the  annual  impairment  testing,  the  Company  recognized  an  impairment  charge  of  $234  million,  pre-tax,  which 
represented the full goodwill amount related to Autoliv Nissin Brake Systems (ANBS) within the segment Electronics. Since the Company 
owns 51% of ANBS, the net income attributable to its controlling interest in ANBS was approximately $100 million. The impairment loss 
was due to a lower than originally anticipated future sales development in ANBS.

The Company has concluded that presently none of its other reporting units are “at risk” of failing the goodwill impairment test. However, 
there can be no assurance that goodwill will not be impaired due to future significant declines in LVP, due to our technologies or products 
becoming  obsolete  or  for  any  other  reason.  We  could  also  acquire  companies  where  goodwill  could  turn  out  to  be  less  resilient  to 
deteriorations in external conditions. See also discussion under Goodwill and Intangible Assets in Note 1 and Note 9 to the Consolidated 
Financial Statements included herein.

Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data

The  Consolidated  Balance  Sheets  of  Autoliv  as  of  December  31,  2017  and  2016  and  the  Consolidated  Statements  of  Net  Income, 
Comprehensive Income, Cash Flows and Total Equity for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2017, the Notes to 
the Consolidated Financial Statements, and the Reports of the Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm are included below.

All of the schedules specified under Regulation S-X to be provided by Autoliv have been omitted either because they are not applicable, 
are not required or the information required is included in the financial statements or notes thereto.

59

Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

The Board of Directors and Shareholders of Autoliv, Inc.

Opinion on the Financial Statements 

We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Autoliv, Inc. (the Company) as of December 31, 2017 and 2016, and 
the related consolidated statements of net income, comprehensive income, total equity and cash flows for each of the three years in the 
period  ended  December  31,  2017,  and  the  related  notes  (collectively  referred  to  as  the  “consolidated  financial  statements”).  In  our 
opinion, the consolidated financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company at December 
31,  2017  and  2016,  and  the  results  of  its  operations  and  its  cash  flows  for  each  of  the  three  years  in  the  period  ended  December  31, 
2017, in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles. 

We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB), 
the  Company's  internal  control  over  financial  reporting  as  of  December  31,  2017,  based  on  criteria  established  in  Internal  Control-
Integrated  Framework  issued  by  the  Committee  of  Sponsoring  Organizations  of  the  Treadway  Commission  (2013  framework)  and  our 
report dated February 22, 2018 expressed an unqualified opinion thereon.

Basis for Opinion 

These  financial  statements  are  the  responsibility  of  the  Company's  management.  Our  responsibility  is  to  express  an  opinion  on  the 
Company’s financial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the PCAOB and are required to be 
independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of 
the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB. 

We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to 
obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. Our 
audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to error or 
fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding 
the  amounts  and  disclosures  in  the  financial  statements.  Our  audits  also  included  evaluating  the  accounting  principles  used  and 
significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the financial statements. We believe that our 
audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion. 

/ s / Ernst & Young AB

We have served as the Company´s auditor since 1984.

Stockholm, Sweden
February 22, 2018

60

Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

The Board of Directors and Shareholders of Autoliv, Inc.

Opinion on Internal Control over Financial Reporting 

We have audited Autoliv, Inc.’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2017, based on criteria established in Internal 
Control—Integrated  Framework  issued  by  the  Committee  of  Sponsoring  Organizations  of  the  Treadway  Commission  (2013  framework) 
(the COSO criteria). In our opinion, Autoliv, Inc. (the Company) maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial 
reporting as of December 31, 2017, based on the COSO criteria. 

We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB), 
the consolidated balance sheets of Autoliv, Inc. as of December 31, 2017 and 2016, the related consolidated statements of net income, 
comprehensive income, total equity and cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2017, and the related 
notes and our report dated February 22, 2018 expressed an unqualified opinion thereon. 

Basis for Opinion 

The Company’s management is responsible for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting and for its assessment of the 
effectiveness  of  internal  control  over  financial  reporting  included  in  the  accompanying  Management’s  Report  on  Internal  Control  over 
Financial Reporting. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s internal control over financial reporting based on our 
audit. We are a public accounting firm registered with the PCAOB and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in 
accordance  with  the  U.S.  federal  securities  laws  and  the  applicable  rules  and  regulations  of  the  Securities  and  Exchange  Commission 
and the PCAOB.                                         

We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to 
obtain reasonable assurance about whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects. 

Our  audit  included  obtaining  an  understanding  of  internal  control  over  financial  reporting,  assessing  the  risk  that  a  material  weakness 
exists, testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk, and performing such 
other  procedures  as  we  considered  necessary  in  the  circumstances.  We  believe  that  our  audit  provides  a  reasonable  basis  for  our 
opinion.

Definition and Limitations of Internal Control Over Financial Reporting 

A  company’s  internal  control  over  financial  reporting  is  a  process  designed  to  provide  reasonable  assurance  regarding  the  reliability  of 
financial  reporting  and  the  preparation  of  financial  statements  for  external  purposes  in  accordance  with  generally  accepted  accounting 
principles. A company’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (1) pertain to the maintenance 
of  records  that,  in  reasonable  detail,  accurately  and  fairly  reflect  the  transactions  and  dispositions  of  the  assets  of  the  company;  (2) 
provide  reasonable  assurance  that  transactions  are  recorded  as  necessary  to  permit  preparation  of  financial  statements  in  accordance 
with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with 
authorizations  of  management  and  directors  of  the  company;  and  (3)  provide  reasonable  assurance  regarding  prevention  or  timely 
detection  of  unauthorized  acquisition,  use,  or  disposition  of  the  company’s  assets  that  could  have  a  material  effect  on  the  financial 
statements.

Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of 
any  evaluation  of  effectiveness  to  future  periods  are  subject  to  the  risk  that  controls  may  become  inadequate  because  of  changes  in 
conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate. 

/ s / Ernst & Young AB

Stockholm, Sweden
February 22, 2018

61

Years ended December 31
2016

2015

2017

Note 9   
Note 9   
  Notes 10, 16   

(8,233.6)    

Note 19  $ 10,382.6    $ 10,073.6    $ 9,169.6 
(7,325.5)
1,844.1 
(411.5)
(523.8)
— 
(19.6)
(161.4)
727.8 
4.7 
2.7 
(65.1)
5.6 
675.7 
(218.2)
457.5 
0.7 
456.8 

(8,016.6)    
     2,149.0      2,057.0     
(476.1)    
(651.0)    
—     
(43.7)    
(38.5)    
847.7     
2.6     
4.5     
(62.4)    
11.4     
803.8    $
(242.2)    
561.6    $
(5.5)    
567.1    $

(489.7)    
(740.9)    
(234.2)    
(47.0)    
(31.9)    
605.3     
(29.0)    
7.4     
(61.2)    
(16.0)    
506.5    $
(203.5)    
303.0    $
(124.1)    
427.1    $

   $
Note 4   
   $

Note 12   

Note 7   

   $

   $
   $

4.88    $
4.87    $

6.43    $
6.42    $

87.5     
87.7     
2.40    $
2.38    $

88.2     
88.4     
2.32    $
2.30    $

   $
   $

5.18 
5.17 

88.2 
88.4 
2.24 
2.22  

Consolidated Statements of Net Income

(DOLLARS AND SHARES IN MILLIONS, EXCEPT PER SHARE DATA)
Net sales
Cost of sales
Gross profit
Selling, general and administrative expenses
Research, development and engineering expenses, net
Goodwill, impairment charge
Amortization of intangibles
Other expense, net
Operating income
(Loss) income from equity method investments
Interest income
Interest expense
Other non-operating items, net
Income before income taxes
Income tax expense
Net income
Less: Net (loss) income attributable to non-controlling interest
Net income attributable to controlling interest
Earnings per common share

- basic
- assuming dilution

Weighted average number of shares

- basic
- assuming dilution

Cash dividend per share - declared
Cash dividend per share - paid

See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

62

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
   
 
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
    
 
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
 
 
    
 
 
    
      
      
  
 
 
 
    
      
      
  
 
    
 
    
 
 
Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income

(DOLLARS IN MILLIONS)
Net income
Other comprehensive (loss) income before tax:
Change in cumulative translation adjustment
Net change in cash flow hedges
Net change in unrealized components of defined benefit plans
Other comprehensive (loss) income, before tax
Benefit (cost) for taxes related to defined benefit plans
Other comprehensive (loss) income, net of tax
Comprehensive income
Less: Comprehensive (loss) income attributable to non-controlling interest
Comprehensive income attributable to controlling interest

See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

Years ended December 31
2016

2015

2017

  $

303.0    $

561.6    $

457.5 

272.1   
(8.9)  
31.9   
295.1   
(7.8)  
287.3   
590.3   
(114.8)  
705.1    $

(156.3)  
7.9   
(24.6)  
(173.0)  
7.6   
(165.4)  
396.2   
(13.9)  
410.1    $

(191.5)
0.2 
49.3 
(142.0)
(14.3)
(156.3)
301.2 
0.1 
301.1  

  $

63

 
 
 
 
   
   
 
 
 
    
 
    
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Consolidated Balance Sheets

(DOLLARS AND SHARES IN MILLIONS)
Assets
Cash and cash equivalents
Receivables, net
Inventories, net
Income tax receivables
Prepaid expenses
Other current assets
Total current assets
Property, plant and equipment, net
Investments and other non-current assets
Goodwill
Intangible assets, net
Total assets
Liabilities and equity
Short-term debt
Accounts payable
Accrued expenses
Income tax payable
Other current liabilities
Total current liabilities
Long-term debt
Pension liability
Other non-current liabilities
Total non-current liabilities
Commitments and contingencies
Common stock1)
Additional paid-in capital
Retained earnings
Accumulated other comprehensive loss
Treasury stock (15.8 and 14.6 shares, respectively)
Total controlling interest’s equity
Non-controlling interest
Total equity
Total liabilities and equity

At December 31

2017

2016

   $

Note 5 
Note 6 

Note 8 
Note 7 
Note 9 
Note 9 

   $

959.5    $

2,157.2   
859.1   
41.3   
184.8   
2.8   
4,204.7   
1,973.1   
518.5   
1,688.8   
164.8   
8,549.9    $

Note 12  $

19.7    $

  Notes 10, 11 

Note 12 
Note 18 

  Notes 16, 17 

1,280.8   
1,028.6   
102.2   
223.3   
2,654.6   
1,321.7   
225.9   
178.3   
1,725.9   

1,226.7 
1,960.1 
773.4 
36.0 
136.0 
8.7 
4,140.9 
1,658.1 
352.2 
1,870.7 
212.5 
8,234.4 

219.8 
1,196.5 
921.0 
81.6 
178.7 
2,597.6 
1,323.6 
237.5 
149.3 
1,710.4 

102.8   
1,329.3   
4,079.2   
(287.5)  
(1,188.7)  
4,035.1   
134.3   
4,169.4   
8,549.9    $

102.8 
1,329.3 
3,861.8 
(565.5)
(1,051.2)
3,677.2 
249.2 
3,926.4 
8,234.4  

Note 13 

   $

1)

Number of shares: 350 million  authorized, 102.8 million  issued for both years, and 87.0 and 88.2 million  outstanding, net of treasury shares, for 2017 
and 2016, respectively.

See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

64

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
  
 
    
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
    
 
  
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
    
 
  
 
  
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
Years ended December 31
2016

2015

2017

   $

303.0    $

561.6    $

457.5 

425.8   
234.2   
(47.2)  
38.1   

(102.2)  
(21.0)  
112.3   
10.6   
(17.7)  
935.9   

(580.1)  
10.5   
—   
(125.3)  
1.4   
(3.8)  
(697.3)  

383.0   
—   
(24.8)  
1.0   

(292.3)  
(72.6)  
271.2   
15.9   
25.4   
868.4   

(506.8)  
8.2   
(1.1)  
(226.3)  
—   
—   
(726.0)  

319.1 
— 
(24.1)
(0.4)

(173.0)
(92.7)
230.4 
9.2 
24.5 
750.5 

(465.8)
16.2 
(24.9)
(103.1)
— 
(13.5)
(591.1)

Note 14   

(208.6)  
—   
(0.1)  
(208.7)  
(157.0)  
7.9   
—   
0.3   
(566.2)  
60.4   
(267.2)  
1,226.7   

(29.0)
(2.7)  
(12.2)
—   
— 
(1.7)  
(195.7)
(202.8)  
(104.4)
—   
20.3 
5.9   
1.6 
—   
0.5 
1.1   
(318.9)
(200.2)  
(36.0)
(49.0)  
(195.5)
(106.8)  
1,529.0 
1,333.5   
959.5    $ 1,226.7    $ 1,333.5  

Note 15   

   $

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows

(DOLLARS IN MILLIONS)
Operating activities
Net income
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:  
Depreciation and amortization
Goodwill, impairment charge
Deferred income taxes
Undistributed income from equity method investments, net of dividends
Net change in:
Receivables and other assets, gross
Inventories, gross
Accounts payable and accrued expenses
Income taxes
Other, net
Net cash provided by operating activities
Investing activities
Expenditures for property, plant and equipment
Proceeds from sale of property, plant and equipment
Acquisition of intangible assets
Acquisition of businesses and interest in affiliates, net of cash acquired
Net proceeds from divestitures
Other
Net cash used in investing activities
Financing activities
Net decrease in short-term debt
Repayments and other changes in long-term debt
Dividends paid to non-controlling interest
Dividends paid
Shares repurchased
Common stock options exercised
Capital contribution from non-controlling interest
Other, net
Net cash used in financing activities
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents
Decrease in cash and cash equivalents
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of year
Cash and cash equivalents at end of year

See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

65

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
   
 
 
    
    
 
    
 
  
 
    
    
 
    
 
  
 
    
 
 
 
    
 
 
 
    
 
 
 
    
 
 
 
    
    
 
    
 
  
 
    
 
 
 
    
 
 
 
    
 
 
 
    
 
 
 
    
 
 
 
    
 
 
 
    
    
 
    
 
  
 
    
 
 
 
    
 
 
 
    
 
 
 
 
 
 
    
 
 
 
    
 
 
 
    
 
 
 
    
    
 
    
 
  
 
    
 
 
 
    
 
 
 
    
 
 
 
    
 
 
 
    
 
 
 
 
 
 
    
 
 
 
    
 
 
 
    
 
 
 
    
 
 
 
    
 
 
 
    
 
 
 
Consolidated Statements of Total Equity

(DOLLARS AND SHARES

Number o
f

  Common   paid in   Retained     prehensive     Treasury    shareholders’   controlling    Total

  Additional   

   Accumulated     
    other com-

    Total parent     Non-

IN MILLIONS)
Balance at December 31, 2014   
Comprehensive Income:

  shares    stock    capital

  earnings    (loss) income    stock

equity

102.8  $ 102.8  $ 1,329.3  $3,240.0   $

(253.0) $ (992.0) $

3,427.1   $

interest

    equity1)  
15.0   $3,442.1 

Net income
Net change in cash flow
   hedges
Foreign currency translation
Pension liability

Total Comprehensive Income
Stock-based compensation
Cash dividends declared
Purchase of subsidiary shares
   from non-controlling interest
Investment in subsidiary by
   non-controlling interest
Repurchased shares
Balance at December 31, 2015   
Comprehensive Income

Net income
Net change in cash flow
   hedges

Foreign currency translation
Pension liability
Total Comprehensive Income
Stock-based compensation
Cash dividends declared
Dividends paid to non-controlling
   interest on subsidiary shares
Investment in subsidiary by
   non-controlling interest
Balance at December 31, 2016   
Comprehensive Income

Net income
Net change in cash flow
   hedges

Foreign currency translation
Pension liability
Total Comprehensive Income
Stock-based compensation
Cash dividends declared
Dividends paid to non-controlling
   interest on subsidiary shares
Repurchased shares
Balance at December 31, 2017   

456.8    

456.8    

0.7    

457.5 

0.2    
(190.9)  
35.0    

(197.2)  

29.0    

0.2    
(190.9)  
35.0    
301.1    
29.0    
(197.2)  

(0.6)  

0.1    

0.2 
(191.5)
35.0 
301.2 
29.0 
(197.2)

(0.2)  

0.2    

0.0    

(4.2)  

(4.2)

102.8  $ 102.8  $ 1,329.3  $3,499.4   $

(104.4)  
(408.5) $(1,067.4) $

(104.4)  
3,455.6   $

1.6    

1.6 
(104.4)
12.5   $3,468.1 

567.1    

567.1    

(5.5)  

561.6 

7.9    
(147.7)  
(17.2)  

(204.7)  

16.2    

7.9    
(147.7)  
(17.2)  
410.1    
16.2    
(204.7)  

102.8  $ 102.8  $ 1,329.3  $3,861.8   $

(565.5) $(1,051.2) $

3,677.2   $

(8.6)  
0.2    
(13.9)  

7.9 
(156.3)
(17.0)
396.2 
16.2 
(204.7)

(1.7)  

(1.7)

252.3    
252.3 
249.2   $3,926.4 

427.1    

427.1    

(124.1)  

303.0 

(8.9)  
263.0    
23.9    

(209.7)  

19.5    

(8.9)  
263.0    
23.9    
705.1    
19.5    
(209.7)  

9.1    
0.2    
(114.8)  

(8.9)
272.1 
24.1 
590.3 
19.5 
(209.7)

102.8  $ 102.8  $ 1,329.3  $4,079.2   $

(157.0)  
(287.5) $(1,188.7) $

(157.0)  
4,035.1   $

(0.1)  

(0.1)
(157.0)
134.3   $4,169.4  

1)

See Note 13 for further details – includes tax effects where applicable. 

See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

66

 
  
 
   
 
   
 
   
 
 
    
 
    
 
    
 
 
 
  
 
   
 
 
    
 
    
 
 
 
 
   
   
  
    
    
    
     
     
     
     
     
  
  
    
    
    
     
     
  
    
    
    
     
     
     
  
    
    
    
     
     
  
    
    
    
     
     
     
  
    
    
    
     
     
     
  
    
    
    
     
     
     
  
    
    
    
     
     
     
  
    
    
    
     
  
    
    
    
     
     
     
     
  
    
    
    
     
     
     
  
    
    
    
     
     
     
     
     
  
  
    
    
    
     
     
  
    
    
    
     
     
     
  
    
    
    
     
     
  
    
    
    
     
     
  
    
    
    
     
     
     
  
    
    
    
     
     
     
  
    
    
    
     
     
     
  
    
    
    
     
     
     
     
  
    
    
    
     
     
     
     
  
    
    
    
     
     
     
     
     
  
  
    
    
    
     
     
  
    
    
    
     
     
     
  
    
    
    
     
     
  
    
    
    
     
     
  
    
    
    
     
     
     
  
    
    
    
     
     
     
  
    
    
    
     
     
     
  
    
    
    
     
     
     
     
  
    
    
    
     
     
     
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

1. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

(DOLLARS IN MILLIONS, EXCEPT PER SHARE DATA) 

NATURE OF OPERATIONS

Through its operating subsidiaries, Autoliv is a supplier of automotive safety systems with a broad range of product offerings, including 
modules  and  components  for  passenger  and  driver  airbags,  side  airbags,  curtain  airbags,  seatbelts,  steering  wheels,  passive  safety 
electronics,  brake  control  systems  and  active  safety  systems  such  as  night  vision,  radar,  camera  vision  systems  and  position  related 
technologies. Autoliv is also a supplier of anti-whiplash systems, pedestrian protection systems and child seats.

PRINCIPLES OF CONSOLIDATION

The  consolidated  financial  statements  have  been  prepared  in  accordance  with  United  States  (U.S.)  Generally  Accepted  Accounting 
Principles (GAAP) and include Autoliv, Inc. and all companies over which Autoliv, Inc. directly or indirectly exercises control, which as a 
general rule means that the Company owns more than 50% of the voting rights.

Consolidation  is  also  required  when  the  Company  has  both  the  power  to  direct  the  activities  of  a  variable  interest  entity  (VIE)  and  the 
obligation to absorb losses or the right to receive benefits from the VIE that could be significant to the VIE.

All intercompany accounts and transactions within the Company have been eliminated from the consolidated financial statements.

Investments in affiliated companies in which the Company exercises significant influence over the operations and financial policies, but 
does not control, are reported using the equity method of accounting. Generally, the Company owns between 20 and 50 percent of such 
investments.

BUSINESS COMBINATIONS

Transactions in which the Company obtains control of a business are accounted for according to the acquisition method as described in 
Financial  Accounting  Standards  Board  (FASB)  Accounting  Standards  Codification  (ASC)  805,  Business  Combinations.  The  assets 
acquired and liabilities assumed are recognized and measured at their fair values as of the date control is obtained. Acquisition related 
costs in connection with a business combination are expensed as incurred. Contingent consideration is recognized and measured at fair 
value at the acquisition date and until paid is re-measured on a recurring basis. It is classified as a liability based on appropriate GAAP.

EQUITY METHOD INVESTMENTS

Investments  accounted  for  under  the  equity  method,  means  that  a  proportional  share  of  the  equity  method  investment’s  net  income 
increases the investment, and a proportional share of losses and payment of dividends decreases it. In the Consolidated Statements of 
Net Income, the proportional share of the net income (loss) is reported as Income from equity method investments.

USE OF ESTIMATES

The preparation of consolidated financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions 
that  affect  the  reported  amounts  of  assets  and  liabilities,  disclosures  of  contingent  assets  and  liabilities  at  the  date  of  the  consolidated 
financial  statements,  and  the  reported  amounts  of  net  sales  and  expenses  during  the  reporting  period.  The  accounting  estimates  that 
require  management’s  most  significant  judgments  include  the  estimation  of  retroactive  price  adjustments,  estimations  associated  with 
purchase price allocations regarding business combinations, valuation of stock based payments, assessment of recoverability of goodwill 
and intangible assets, estimation of pension benefit obligations based on actuarial assumptions, estimation of accruals for warranty and 
product  liabilities,  restructuring  charges,  uncertain  tax  positions,  valuation  allowances  and  legal  proceedings.  Actual  results  could  differ 
from those estimates.

REVENUE RECOGNITION

Revenues  are  recognized  when  there  is  evidence  of  a  sales  agreement,  delivery  of  goods  has  occurred,  the  sales  price  is  fixed  or 
determinable  and  the  collectability  of  revenue  is  reasonably  assured.  The  Company  records  revenue  from  the  sale  of  manufactured 
products  upon  shipment  to  customers  and  transfer  of  title  and  risk  of  loss  under  standard  commercial  terms  (typically  F.O.B.  shipping 
point).  In  those  limited  instances  where  other  terms  are  negotiated  and  agreed,  revenue  is  recorded  when  title  and  risk  of  loss  are 
transferred to the customer.

Accruals are made for retroactive price adjustments when probable and able to be reasonably estimated.

Net sales exclude taxes assessed by a governmental authority that are directly imposed on revenue-producing transactions between the 
Company and its customers.

67

COST OF SALES

Shipping and handling costs are included in Cost of sales in the Consolidated Statements of Net Income. Contracts to supply products 
which extend for periods in excess of one year are reviewed when conditions indicate that costs may exceed selling prices, resulting in 
losses. 

RESEARCH, DEVELOPMENT AND ENGINEERING (R,D&E)

Research  and  development  and  most  engineering  expenses  are  expensed  as  incurred.  These  expenses  are  reported  net  of  expense 
reimbursements from contracts to perform engineering design and product development fulfillment activities related to the production of 
parts. 

Certain engineering expenses related to long-term supply arrangements are capitalized when defined criteria, such as the existence of a 
contractual guarantee for reimbursement, are met. The aggregate amount of such assets is not significant in any period presented.

Tooling is generally agreed upon as a separate contract or a separate component of an engineering contract, as a pre-production project. 
Capitalization of tooling costs is made only when the specific criteria for capitalization of customer funded tooling is met or the criteria for 
capitalization as Property, Plant & Equipment (P,P&E) for tools owned by the Company are fulfilled. Depreciation on the Company’s own 
tooling is recognized in the Consolidated Statements of Net Income as Cost of sales.

STOCK BASED COMPENSATION

The compensation costs for all of the Company’s stock-based compensation awards are determined based on the fair value method as 
defined in ASC 718, Compensation - Stock Compensation. The Company records the compensation expense for awards under the Stock 
Incentive Plan, including Restricted Stock Units (RSUs), Performance Shares (PSs) and stock options (SOs), over the respective vesting 
period. For further details, see Note 15.

INCOME TAXES

Current tax liabilities and assets are recognized for the estimated taxes payable or refundable on the tax returns for the current year. In 
certain  circumstances,  payments  or  refunds  may  extend  beyond  twelve  months,  in  such  cases  amounts  would  be  classified  as  non-
current  taxes  payable  or  refundable.  Deferred  tax  liabilities  or  assets  are  recognized  for  the  estimated  future  tax  effects  attributable  to 
temporary differences and carryforwards that result from events that have been recognized in either the financial statements or the tax 
returns,  but  not  both.  The  measurement  of  current  and  deferred  tax  liabilities  and  assets  is  based  on  provisions  of  enacted  tax  laws. 
Deferred  tax  assets  are  reduced  by  the  amount  of  any  tax  benefits  that  are  not  expected  to  be  realized.  A  valuation  allowance  is 
recognized if, based on the weight of all available evidence, it is more likely than not that some portion, or all, of the deferred tax asset will 
not be realized. Evaluation of the realizability of deferred tax assets is subject to significant judgment requiring careful consideration of all 
facts and circumstances. Starting in 2016 the Company classified deferred tax assets and liabilities as non-current in the Consolidated 
Balance  Sheets  to  reflect  the  adoption  of  ASU  2015-17.  Tax  assets  and  liabilities  are  not  offset  unless  attributable  to  the  same  tax 
jurisdiction  and  netting  is  possible  according  to  law  and,  as  it  relates  to  payables  and  receivables,  expected  to  take  place  in  the  same 
period.

Tax  benefits  associated  with  tax  positions  taken  in  the  Company’s  income  tax  returns  are  initially  recognized  and  measured  in  the 
financial  statements  when  it  is  more  likely  than  not  that  those  tax  positions  will  be  sustained  upon  examination  by  the  relevant  taxing 
authorities. The Company’s evaluation of its tax benefits is based on the probability of the tax position being upheld if challenged by the 
taxing  authorities  (including  through  negotiation,  appeals,  settlement  and  litigation).  Whenever  a  tax  position  does  not  meet  the  initial 
recognition  criteria,  the  tax  benefit  is  subsequently  recognized  and  measured  if  there  is  a  substantive  change  in  the  facts  and 
circumstances that cause a change in judgment concerning the sustainability of the tax position upon examination by the relevant taxing 
authorities. In cases where tax benefits meet the initial recognition criterion, the Company continues, in subsequent periods, to assess its 
ability to sustain those positions. A previously recognized tax benefit is derecognized when it is no longer more likely than not that the tax 
position would be sustained upon examination. Liabilities for unrecognized tax benefits are classified as non-current unless the payment 
of the liability is expected to be made within the next 12 months.

EARNINGS PER SHARE

The  Company  calculates  basic  earnings  per  share  (EPS)  by  dividing  net  income  attributable  to  controlling  interest  by  the  weighted-
average number of common shares outstanding for the period (net of treasury shares). When it would not be antidilutive (such as during 
periods of net loss), the diluted EPS also reflects the potential dilution that could occur if common stock were issued for awards under the 
Stock Incentive Plan. For further details, see Note 15 and Note 20.

CASH EQUIVALENTS

The Company considers all highly liquid investment instruments purchased with an original maturity of three months or less to be cash 
equivalents.

68

RECEIVABLES

The  Company  has  guidelines  for  calculating  the  allowance  for  bad  debts.  In  determining  the  amount  of  a  bad  debt  allowance, 
management uses its judgment to consider factors such as the age of the receivables, the Company’s prior experience with the customer, 
the experience of other enterprises in the same industry, the customer’s ability to pay, and/or an appraisal of current economic conditions. 
Collateral  is  typically  not  required.  There  can  be  no  assurance  that  the  amount  ultimately  realized  for  receivables  will  not  be  materially 
different than that assumed in the calculation of the allowance.

DERIVATIVE INSTRUMENTS AND HEDGING ACTIVITIES

The Company uses derivative financial instruments, primarily forwards, options and swaps to reduce the effects of fluctuations in foreign 
exchange  rates,  interest  rates  and  the  resulting  variability  of  the  Company’s  operating  results.  On  the  date  that  a  derivative  contract  is 
entered into, the Company designates the derivative as either (1) a hedge of the exposure to changes in the fair value of a recognized 
asset or liability or of an unrecognized firm commitment (a fair value hedge), (2) a hedge of the exposure of a forecasted transaction or of 
the variability in the cash flows of a recognized asset or liability (a cash flow hedge) or (3) an economic hedge not applying special hedge 
accounting pursuant to ASC 815.

When a hedge is classified as a fair value hedge, the change in the fair value of the hedge is recognized in the Consolidated Statements 
of Net Income along with the offsetting change in the fair value of the hedged item. When a hedge is classified as a cash flow hedge, any 
change in the fair value of the hedge is initially recorded in equity as a component of Other Comprehensive Income (OCI) and reclassified 
into the Consolidated Statements of Net Income when the hedge transaction affects net earnings. The Company uses the forward rate 
with  respect  to  the  measurement  of  changes  in  fair  value  of  cash  flow  hedges  when  revaluing  foreign  exchange  forward  contracts.  All 
derivatives are recognized in the consolidated financial statements at fair value.

For  certain  other  derivatives,  hedge  accounting  is  not  applied  either  because  non-hedge  accounting  treatment  creates  the  same 
accounting  result  or  the  hedge  does  not  meet  the  hedge  accounting  requirements,  although  entered  into  applying  the  same  rationale 
concerning mitigating market risk that occurs from changes in interest and foreign exchange rates.

For further details on the Company’s financial instruments, see Notes 3 and 12.

INVENTORIES

The cost of inventories is computed according to the first-in first-out method (FIFO). Cost includes the cost of materials, direct labor and 
the  applicable  share  of  manufacturing  overhead.  Inventories  are  evaluated  based  on  individual  or,  in  some  cases,  groups  of  inventory 
items. Reserves are established to reduce the value of inventories to the lower of cost and net realizable value. Net realizable value is the 
estimated selling prices in the ordinary course of business, less reasonably predictable costs of completion, disposal and transportation. 
Excess inventories are quantities of items that exceed anticipated sales or usage for a reasonable period. The Company has guidelines 
for calculating provisions for excess inventories based on the number of months of inventories on hand compared to anticipated sales or 
usage. Management uses its judgment to forecast sales or usage and to determine what constitutes a reasonable period. There can be 
no assurance that the amount ultimately realized for inventories will not be materially different than that assumed in the calculation of the 
reserves.

PROPERTY, PLANT AND EQUIPMENT

Property, Plant and Equipment are recorded at historical cost. Construction in progress generally involves short-term projects for which 
capitalized  interest  is  not  significant.  The  Company  provides  for  depreciation  of  property,  plant  and  equipment  computed  under  the 
straight-line method over the assets’ estimated useful lives, or in the case of leasehold improvements over the shorter of the useful life or 
the  lease  term.  Amortization  on  capital  leases  is  recognized  with  depreciation  expense  in  the  Consolidated  Statements  of  Net  Income 
over the shorter of the assets’ expected life or the lease contract term. Repairs and maintenance are expensed as incurred.

LONG-LIVED ASSET IMPAIRMENT

The Company evaluates the carrying value and useful lives of long-lived assets other than goodwill when indications of impairment are 
evident or it is likely that the useful lives have decreased, in which case the Company depreciates the assets over the remaining useful 
lives.  Impairment  testing  is  primarily  done  by  using  the  cash  flow  method  based  on  undiscounted  future  cash  flows.  Estimated 
undiscounted cash flows for a long-lived asset being evaluated for recoverability are compared with the respective carrying amount of that 
asset. If the estimated undiscounted cash flows exceed the carrying amount of the assets, the carrying amounts of the long-lived asset 
are  considered  recoverable  and  an  impairment cannot  be  recorded. However,  if  the  carrying amount  of  a  group  of  assets  exceeds  the 
undiscounted cash flows, an entity must then measure the long-lived assets’ fair value to determine whether an impairment loss should be 
recognized,  generally  using  a  discounted  cash  flow  model.  Generally,  the  lowest  level  of  cash  flows  for  impairment  assessment  is 
customer platform level.

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GOODWILL AND INTANGIBLE ASSETS

Goodwill  represents  the  excess  of  the  fair  value  of  consideration  transferred  over  the  fair  value  of  net  assets  of  businesses  acquired. 
Goodwill  is  not  amortized,  but  is  subject  to  at  least  an  annual  review  for  impairment.  Other  intangible  assets,  principally  related  to 
acquired technology and contractual relationships, are amortized over their useful lives which range from 3 to 25 years.

The Company performs its annual impairment testing in the fourth quarter of each year. Impairment testing is required more often than 
annually if an event or circumstance indicates that an impairment, or decline in value, may have occurred.

In conducting its impairment testing, the Company compares the estimated fair value of each of its reporting units to the related carrying 
value  of  the  reporting  unit.  If  the  estimated  fair  value  of  a  reporting  unit  exceeds  its  carrying  value,  goodwill  is  considered  not  to  be 
impaired.  If  the  carrying  value  of  a  reporting  unit  exceeds  its  estimated  fair  value,  an  impairment  loss  is  recognized  for  the  excess  of 
carrying amount over the fair value of the respective reporting unit.

The estimated fair value of the reporting unit is determined by the discounted cash flow method taking into account expected long-term 
operating  cash-flow  performance.  The  Company  discounts  projected  operating  cash  flows  using  the  reporting  unit’s  weighted  average 
cost  of  capital,  including  a  risk  premium  to  adjust  for  market  risk.  The  estimated  fair  value  is  based  on  automotive  industry  volume 
projections  which  are  based  on  third-party  and  internally  developed  forecasts  and  discount  rate  assumptions.  Significant  assumptions 
include  terminal  growth  rates,  terminal  operating  margin  rates,  future  capital  expenditures  and  working  capital  requirements.  To 
supplement this analysis, the Company compares the market value of its equity, calculated by reference to the quoted market prices of its 
shares, to the book value of its equity.

In the fourth quarter of 2017, in connection with the annual impairment test, the Company recorded a goodwill impairment charge of $234 
million in its Electronics segment, relating to ANBS (for further information, see Note 2). There is no remaining goodwill related to ANBS 
after the impairment. There were no impairments of goodwill from 2015 through 2016.

WARRANTIES AND RECALLS

The  Company  records  liabilities  for  product  recalls  when  probable  claims  are  identified  and  when  it  is  possible  to  reasonably  estimate 
costs.  Recall  costs  are  costs  incurred  when  the  customer  decides  to  formally  recall  a  product  due  to  a  known  or  suspected  safety 
concern. Product recall costs typically include the cost of the product being replaced as well as the customer’s cost of the recall, including 
labor  to  remove  and  replace  the  defective  part.  Insurance  receivables,  related  to  recall  issues  covered  by  the  insurance,  are  included 
within other current assets in the Consolidated Balance Sheet.

Provisions for warranty claims are estimated based on prior experience, likely changes in performance of newer products and the mix and 
volume of products sold. The provisions are recorded on an accrual basis.

RESTRUCTURING PROVISIONS

The Company defines restructuring expense to include costs directly associated with rightsizing, exit or disposal activities.

Estimates of restructuring charges are based on information available at the time such charges are recorded. In general, management 
anticipates that restructuring activities will be completed within a timeframe such that significant changes to the exit plan are not likely. 
Due to inherent uncertainty involved in estimating restructuring expenses, actual amounts paid for such activities may differ from amounts 
initially estimated.

PENSION OBLIGATIONS

The Company provides for both defined contribution plans and defined benefit plans. A defined contribution plan generally specifies the 
periodic  amount  that  the  employer  must  contribute  to  the  plan  and  how  that  amount  will  be  allocated  to  the  eligible  employees  who 
perform services during the same period. A defined benefit pension plan is one that contains pension benefit formulas, which generally 
determine  the  amount  of  pension  benefits  that  each  employee  will  receive  for  services  performed  during  a  specified  period  of 
employment.

The  amount  recognized  as  a  defined  benefit  liability  is  the  net  total  of  projected  benefit  obligation  (PBO)  minus  the  fair  value  of  plan 
assets (if any) (see Note 18). The plan assets are measured at fair value. The inputs to the fair value measurement of the plan assets are 
mainly level 2 inputs (see Note 3).

CONTINGENT LIABILITIES

Various claims, lawsuits and proceedings are pending or threatened against the Company or its subsidiaries, covering a range of matters 
that arise in the ordinary course of its business activities with respect to commercial, product liability or other matters (see Note 16).

The  Company  diligently  defends  itself  in  such  matters  and,  in  addition,  carries  insurance  coverage  to  the  extent  reasonably  available 
against insurable risks.

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The Company records liabilities for claims, lawsuits and proceedings when they are probable and it is possible to reasonably estimate the 
cost  of  such  liabilities.  Legal  costs  expected  to  be  incurred  in  connection  with  a  loss  contingency  are  expensed  as  such  costs  are 
incurred.

The  Company  believes,  based  on  currently  available  information,  that  the  resolution  of  outstanding  matters,  other  than  the  antitrust 
matters described in Note 16, after taking into account recorded liabilities and available insurance coverage, should not have a material 
effect on the Company’s financial position or results of operations.

However,  due  to  the  inherent  uncertainty  associated  with  such  matters,  there  can  be  no  assurance  that  the  final  outcomes  of  these 
matters will not be materially different than currently estimated.

TRANSLATION OF NON-U.S. SUBSIDIARIES

The  balance  sheets  of  subsidiaries  with  functional  currency  other  than  U.S.  dollars  are  translated  into  U.S.  dollars  using  year-end 
exchange rates.

The  statement  of  operations  of  these  subsidiaries  is  translated  into  U.S.  dollars  using  the  average  exchange  rates  for  the  year. 
Translation differences are reflected in equity as a component of OCI.

RECEIVABLES AND LIABILITIES IN NON-FUNCTIONAL CURRENCIES

Receivables  and  liabilities  not  denominated  in  functional  currencies  are  converted  at  year-end  exchange  rates.  Net  transaction 
gains/(losses),  reflected  in  the  Consolidated  Statements  of  Net  Income  amounted  to  $(23.9)  million  in  2017,  $(3.0)  million  in  2016  and 
$(11.0)  million  in  2015,  and  are  recorded  in  operating  income  if  they  relate  to  operational  receivables  and  liabilities  or  are  recorded  in 
other non-operating items, net if they relate to financial receivables and liabilities.

RECENTLY ISSUED ACCOUNTING PRONOUNCEMENTS

In  May  2017,  the  Financial  Accounting  Standards  Board  (FASB)  issued  Accounting  Standards  Update  (ASU)  2017-09,  Compensation-
Stock  Compensation  (Topic  718)  –  Scope  of  Modification  Accounting,  which  provides  guidance  about  which  changes  to  the  terms  or 
conditions of a share-based payment award require an entity to apply modification accounting in Topic 718. An entity should account for 
the  effects  of  a  modification  unless  (a)  the  fair  value  of  the  modified  award  is  the  same  as  the  fair  value  of  the  original  award,  (b)  the 
vesting  conditions  of  the  modified  award  are  the  same  as  the  vesting  conditions  of  the  original  award  and  (c)  the  classification  of  the 
modified award as an equity instrument or a liability instrument is the same as the classification of the original award immediately before 
the original award is modified. The amendments in ASU 2017-09 are effective for public business entities for annual periods beginning 
after  December  15,  2017,  including  interim  periods  within  those  annual  periods.  Early  adoption  is  permitted,  including  adoption  in  any 
interim period, for public business entities for reporting periods for which financial statements have not been issued. The amendments in 
ASU 2017-09 should be applied prospectively to an award modified on or after the adoption date. The Company early adopted ASU 2017-
09  in  the  second  quarter  beginning  April 1,  2017.  As  this  standard  is  prospective  in  nature,  the  impact  to  our  financial  statements  will 
depend on the nature of our future award modifications. There have been no modifications to awards to date in 2017.

In  March  2017,  the  FASB  issued  ASU  2017-07,  Compensation-Retirement  Benefits  (Topic  715)  -  Improving  the  Presentation  of  Net 
Periodic  Pension  Cost  and  Net  Periodic  Postretirement  Benefit  Cost,  which  requires  the  service  cost  component  to  be  reported  in  the 
same line item or items as other compensation costs arising from services rendered by the pertinent employees during the period. The 
other  components  of  net  benefit  cost  are  required  to  be  presented  in  the  consolidated  statements  of  net  income  separately  from  the 
service  cost  component  and  outside  operating  income.  The  amendments  in  ASU  2017-07  are  effective  for  public  business  entities  for 
annual periods beginning after December 15, 2017, including interim periods within those annual periods. Early adoption is permitted as 
of  the  beginning  of  an  annual  period  for  which  financial  statements  (interim  or  annual)  have  not  been  issued  or  made  available  for 
issuance. The amendments in ASU 2017-07 should be applied retrospectively for the presentation of the service cost component and the 
other components of net periodic pension cost and net periodic postretirement benefit cost in the consolidated statements of net income. 
The  Company  is  adopting  ASU  2017-07  in  the  interim  period  beginning  January 1,  2018  and  has  concluded  that  the  standard  will  not 
have a material impact on the consolidated financial statements for any periods presented.

In  January  2017,  the  FASB  issued  ASU  2017-04,  Intangibles –  Goodwill  and  Other  (Topic  350) –  Simplifying  the  Test  for  Goodwill 
Impairment, which simplifies how an entity is required to test goodwill for impairment by eliminating step 2 from the goodwill impairment 
test,  which  measures  a  goodwill  impairment  loss  by  comparing  the  implied  fair  value  of  a  reporting  unit’s  goodwill  with  the  carrying 
amount. Instead, entities should perform annual or interim goodwill impairment tests by comparing the fair value of a reporting unit with its 
carrying amount and recognize an impairment charge for the excess of carrying amount over the fair value of the respective reporting unit. 
The  amendments  in  ASU  2017-04  are  effective  for  public  business  entities  for  annual  or  interim  goodwill  impairment  tests  in  annual 
periods  beginning  after  December 15,  2019.  Early  adoption  is  permitted  for  interim  or  annual  goodwill  impairment  tests  performed  on 
testing dates after January 1, 2017. The Company early adopted ASU 2017-04 effective January 1, 2017. As this standard is prospective 
in nature, the impact to our financial statements by not performing step 2 to measure the amount of any potential goodwill impairment will 
depend on various factors. The elimination of step 2 reduces the complexity and cost of the subsequent measurement of goodwill. This 
new standard was applied in conjunction with assessing Goodwill impairment as discussed in Note 2. 

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In  January  2017,  the  FASB  issued  ASU  2017-01,  Business  Combinations  (Topic  805) –  Clarifying  the  Definition  of  a  Business,  which 
provides  a  screen  to  determine  when  an  integrated  set  of  assets  and  activities  is  not  a  business.  The  screen  requires  that  when 
substantially all of the fair value of the gross assets acquired (or disposed of) is concentrated in a single identifiable asset or a group of 
similar identifiable assets, the set is not a business. The amendments in ASU 2017-01 are effective for public business entities for annual 
periods  beginning  after  December 15,  2017,  and  interim  periods  within  those  periods.  ASU  2017-01  should  be  applied  prospectively. 
Early adoption is permitted. The Company early adopted ASU 2017-01 effective January 1, 2017 for new transactions that have not been 
reported  in  financial  statements  that  have  been  issued  or  made  available  for  issuance.  As  this  standard  is  prospective  in  nature,  the 
impact to our financial statements will depend on the nature of our future acquisitions. This new standard was applied in conjunction with 
the  Zenuity  joint  venture  and  the  Fotonic  i  Norden  dp  AB  acquisition  as  discussed  in  Note  7  and  Note  2,  respectively,  to  consolidated 
financial statements.

In  November  2016,  the  FASB  issued  ASU  2016-18,  Statement  of  Cash  Flows  (Topic  230)  –  Restricted  Cash,  which  requires  that  a 
statement of cash flows explain the change during the period in the total of cash, cash equivalents, and amounts generally described as 
restricted cash or restricted cash equivalents. Therefore, amounts generally described as restricted cash and restricted cash equivalents 
should be included with cash and cash equivalents when reconciling the beginning-of-period and end-of-period total amounts shown on 
the statement of cash flows. The amendments in ASU 2016-18 are effective for public business entities for annual periods beginning after 
December 15, 2017, and interim periods within those annual periods. Early adoption is permitted, including adoption in an interim period. 
The  amendments  in  ASU  2016-18  should  be  applied  using  a  retrospective  transition  method  to  each  period  presented.  The  Company 
early adopted ASU 2016-18 effective January 1, 2017. The adoption of ASU 2016-18 did not have a material impact on our consolidated 
financial statements for any period presented.

In  October  2016,  the  FASB  issued  ASU  2016-16,  Income  Taxes  (Topic  740)  –  Intra-Entity  Transfers  of  Assets  Other  Than  Inventory, 
which requires an entity to recognize the income tax consequences of an intra-entity transfer of an asset other than inventory when the 
transfer  occurs.  Current  GAAP  prohibits  the  recognition  of  current  and  deferred  income  taxes  for  an  intra-entity  asset  transfer  until  the 
asset has been sold to an outside party. Consequently, the amendments in this ASU 2016-16 eliminate the exception for an intra-entity 
transfer of an asset other than inventory. Two common examples of assets included in the scope of ASU 2016-16 are intellectual property 
and  property,  plant,  and  equipment.  The  amendments  in  ASU  2016-16  are  effective  for  public  business  entities  for  annual  periods 
beginning after December 15, 2017, including interim periods within those annual periods. Early adoption is permitted as of the beginning 
of an annual reporting period for which financial statements (interim or annual) have not been issued or made available for issuance. The 
amendments  in  ASU  2016-16  should  be  applied  on  a  modified  retrospective  basis  through  a  cumulative-effect  adjustment  directly  to 
retained earnings as of the beginning of the period of adoption. The Company believes that the pending adoption of ASU 2016-16 will not 
have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements based on transactions in the ordinary course of business. We will finalize 
our analysis in the first quarter of 2018.

In  August  2016,  the  FASB  issued  ASU  2016-15,  Statement  of  Cash  Flows  (Topic  230)  –  Classification  of  Certain  Cash  Receipts  and 
Cash Payments, which provides guidance on reducing the diversity in practice on eight cash flow classification issues and how certain 
cash  receipts  and  cash  payments  are  presented  and  classified  in  the  statement  of  cash  flows.  The  amendments  in  ASU  2016-15  are 
effective  for  public  business  entities  for  annual  periods  beginning  after  December 15,  2017,  and  interim  periods  within  those  annual 
periods. Early adoption is permitted, including adoption in an interim period. If an entity early adopts the amendments in an interim period, 
any adjustments should be reflected as of the beginning of the annual period that includes that interim period. The amendments in ASU 
2016-15 should be applied using a retrospective transition method to each period presented. The Company early adopted ASU 2016-15 
effective January 1, 2017. The adoption of ASU 2016-15 did not have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements for any 
period presented.

In  June  2016,  the  FASB  issued  ASU  2016-13,  Financial  Instruments –  Credit  Losses  (Topic  326),  Measurement  of  Credit  Losses  on 
Financial  Instruments,  which  requires  measurement  and  recognition  of  expected  credit  losses  for  financial  assets  held  and  requires 
enhanced disclosures regarding significant estimates and judgments used in estimating credit losses. ASU 2016-13 is effective for public 
business  entities  for  annual  periods  beginning  after  December 15,  2019,  and  early  adoption  is  permitted  for  annual  periods  beginning 
after December 15, 2018. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of our pending adoption of ASU 2016-13 on our consolidated 
financial statements.

In  March  2016,  the  FASB  issued  ASU  2016-09,  Compensation –  Stock  Compensation  (Topic  718),  which  simplifies  the  accounting  for 
share-based  payment  transactions,  including  the  income  tax  consequences,  classification  of  awards  as  either  equity  or  liabilities,  and 
classification  on  the  statement  of  cash  flows.  For  public  business  entities,  the  amendments  in  ASU  2016-09  are  effective  for  annual 
periods beginning after December 15, 2016, and interim periods within those annual periods. Amendments related to the timing of when 
excess tax benefits are recognized, minimum statutory withholding requirements, forfeitures, and intrinsic value should be applied using a 
modified retrospective transition method by means of a cumulative-effect adjustment to equity as of the beginning of the period in which 
the  guidance  is  adopted.  Amendments  related  to  the  presentation  of  employee  taxes  paid  on  the  statement  of  cash  flows  when  an 
employer  withholds  shares  to  meet  the  minimum  statutory  withholding  requirement  should  be  applied  retrospectively.  Amendments 
requiring  recognition  of  excess  tax  benefits  and  tax  deficiencies  in  the  income  statement  and  the  practical  expedient  for  estimating 
expected term should be applied prospectively. An entity may elect to apply the amendments related to the presentation of excess tax 
benefits on the statement of cash flows using either a prospective transition method or a retrospective transition method. The Company 
adopted ASU 2016-09 effective January 1, 2017 and has elected to recognize forfeitures as they occur. The adoption of ASU 2016-09 did 
not have a material impact on the consolidated financial statements for any period presented.

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In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842), to increase transparency and comparability among organizations 
by recognizing lease liabilities on the balance sheet and disclosing key information about leasing arrangements. ASU 2016-02 affects any 
entity that enters into a lease, with some specified scope exceptions. For public business entities, the amendments in ASU 2016-02 are 
effective  for  annual  periods  beginning  after  December 15,  2018,  and  interim  periods  within  those  annual  periods.  Early  adoption  is 
permitted. The Company intends to adopt ASU 2016-02 in the annual period beginning January 1, 2019. The Company intends to apply 
the modified retrospective transition method and elect the transition option to use the effective date January 1, 2019, as the date of initial 
application.  The  Company  will  not  adjust  its  comparative  period  financial  statements  for  effects  of  the  ASU  2016-02,  or  make  the  new 
required lease disclosures for periods before the effective date. The Company will recognize its cumulative effect transition adjustment as 
of the effective date. The Company’s implementation of this standard includes use of a project management framework that includes a 
dedicated  lead  project  manager  and  a  cross-functional  project  steering  committee  responsible  for  assessing  the  impact  that  the  new 
standard  will  have  on  the  Company’s  accounting,  financial  statement  presentation  and  disclosure.  This  team  has  begun  its  process  to 
identify  leasing  arrangements  and  to  compare  its  accounting  policies  and  practices  to  the  requirements  of  the  new  standard.  The 
Company  regularly  enters  into  operating  leases,  for  which  current  GAAP  does  not  require  recognition  on  the  balance  sheet.  The 
Company  anticipates  that  the  adoption  of  ASU  2016-02  will  primarily  result  in  the  recognition  of  most  operating  leases  on  its  balance 
sheet resulting in an increase in reported right-of-use assets and leasing liabilities. The Company will continue to assess the impact from 
the new standard. The Company is also considering system, control and process changes to capture lease data necessary to apply ASU 
2016-02.

In July 2015, the FASB issued ASU 2015-11, Inventory (Topic 330), which requires an entity to measure inventory at the lower of cost and 
net realizable value. Net realizable value is the estimated selling prices in the ordinary course of business, less reasonably predictable 
costs of completion, disposal, and transportation. Subsequent measurement is unchanged for inventory measured using LIFO or the retail 
inventory  method.  For  public  business  entities,  ASU  2015-11  is  effective  for  interim  and  annual  periods  beginning  after  December 15, 
2016  and  should  be  applied  prospectively.  The  adoption  of  ASU  2015-11  did  not  have  a  material  impact  on  the  consolidated  financial 
statements for any period presented.

In  May  2014,  the  FASB  issued  ASU  2014-09,  Revenue  from  Contracts  with  Customers  (Topic  606),  which  outlines  a  single, 
comprehensive model for entities to use in accounting for  revenue arising from contracts with customers and supersedes most  current 
revenue recognition guidance issued by the FASB, including industry specific guidance. In 2016, the FASB issued accounting standard 
updates  to  address  implementation  issues  and  to  clarify  guidance  in  certain  areas.  The  core  principle  of  the  guidance  is  that  an  entity 
should recognize revenue when it transfers promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which 
the Company expects to receive in exchange for those goods or services. In addition, ASU 2014-09 requires certain additional disclosure 
around  the  nature,  amount,  timing,  and  uncertainty  of  revenue  and  cash  flows  arising  from  contracts  with  customers.  The  Company  is 
adopting  ASU  2014-09  in  the  annual  period  beginning  January 1,  2018  and  will  utilize  the  modified  retrospective  (cumulative  effect) 
transition method. The Company intends to apply the modified retrospective transition method through a cumulative adjustment to equity. 

The  Company’s  implementation  of  this  standard  includes  a  project  management  framework  that  includes  a  dedicated  lead  project 
manager and a cross-functional project steering committee responsible for assessing the impact that the new standard will have on the 
Company’s  accounting,  financial  statement  presentation  and  disclosure  for  contracts  with  customers.  The  team  continues  to  identify 
changes to business processes, systems and controls to support recognition, presentation and disclosure under the new standard.

The Company has drafted its accounting policy for the new standard based on a detailed review of its business and contracts. While the 
Company continues to assess all potential impacts of the new standard, we do not currently expect that the adoption of the new revenue 
standard will have a material impact on our net sales, net income, or balance sheet.

RECLASSIFICATIONS

Certain prior-year amounts have been reclassified to conform to current year presentation.

2. Business Combinations

Business combinations generally take place to either gain key technology or strengthen Autoliv’s position in a certain geographical area or 
with a certain customer.

Fotonic i Norden dp AB

On  November  1,  2017,  Autoliv  completed  the  acquisition  of  all  the  shares  in  Fotonic  i  Norden  dp  AB  (Fotonic),  headquartered  in 
Stockholm and Skellefteå in Sweden. The preliminary acquisition date fair value of the total consideration transferred was $16.9 million, 
consisting of a $14.5 million cash payment and $2.4 million of deferred purchase consideration, payable at the 18 month anniversary of 
the closing date. The deferred purchase consideration reflects the holdback amount as stipulated in the share purchase agreement. The 
transaction has been accounted for as a business combination.

Fotonic provides Lidar and Time of Flight camera expertise and the acquisition included 35 Lidar and Time of Flight engineering experts, 
in addition to defined tangible and intangible assets. The strength of the acquired competence is on the Lidar and Time of Flight camera 
hardware side which form a complement to Autoliv’s skillset in the Lidar software and algorithms area. Lidar technology is an enabling 
technology  for  Highly  Automated  Driving  and  considered  the  primary  sensor  by  all  system  developers.  Fotonic  is  being  reported  in  the 
Electronics segment.

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The  net  assets  acquired  as  of  the  acquisition  date  amounted  to  $16.9  million.  The  estimated  fair  values  of  identifiable  assets  acquired 
consisted of Intangible assets of $3.8 million and Goodwill of $13.4 million, and the estimated fair value of liabilities assumed consisted of 
Other  current  liabilities  of  $0.3  million.  The  purchase  price  allocation  is  preliminary  pending  completion  of  final  valuations.  Acquired 
Intangibles  consisted  of  the  fair  value  of  background  IP  (patent  &  technical  know-how).  The  useful  life  of  the  IP  is  5  years  and  will  be 
amortized on a straight-line basis. The recognized goodwill reflects the valuation of the acquired workforce of specialist engineers.

Autoliv-Nissin Brake Systems

On  March  31,  2016,  the  Company  acquired  a  51%  interest  in  the  entities  that  formed  Autoliv-Nissin  Brake  Systems  (ANBS)  for 
approximately  $262.5  million  in  cash.  ANBS  designs,  manufactures  and  sells  products  in  the  brake  control  and  actuation  systems 
business. Nissin Kogyo retained a 49% interest in the entities that formed ANBS. The Company has management and operational control 
of  ANBS  and  has  consolidated  the  results  of  operations  and  balance  sheet  from  ANBS  from  the  date  of  the  acquisition  forward.  The 
transaction was accounted for as a business combination.

The acquisition combined Nissin Kogyo’s expertise and technology in brake control and actuation systems with Autoliv’s global reach and 
customer  base  to  create  a  global  competitive  offering  in  the  growing  global  brake  control  systems  market.  ANBS  will  also  further 
strengthen the Company’s role as a system supplier of products and systems for autonomous driving vehicles. ANBS is being reported in 
the Electronics segment. From the date of the acquisition through December 31, 2016, the ANBS business reported net sales of $391 
million and a net loss attributable to controlling interest of $7.3 million. The net loss attributable to the non-controlling interest was $7.0 
million.  The  operating  loss  from  the  date  of  the  acquisition  through  December  31,  2016  included  $0.9  million  of  purchase  accounting 
inventory fair value step-up adjustments in cost of sales upon the sale of acquired inventory. The total purchase accounting inventory fair 
value step-up adjustments included in the balance sheet at the acquisition date were $0.9 million.

Total  ANBS  acquisition  related  costs  were  approximately  $3.5  million  for  the  year  ended  December  31,  2015  and  approximately  $2.0 
million  for  the  year  ended  December  31,  2016.  These  costs  were  reflected  in  Selling,  general  and  administrative  expenses  in  the 
Consolidated Statements of Net Income.

The proforma effects of this acquisition would not materially impact the Company’s reported results for any period presented.

The  acquisition  date  fair  value  of  the  consideration  transferred  for  the  Company’s  51%  interest  in  the  entities  that  formed  ANBS  was 
$262.5 million in a cash transaction.

The following table summarizes the finalized fair values of identifiable assets acquired and liabilities assumed as of March 31, 2016 (in 
millions):

Assets:

Cash and cash equivalents
Receivables
Inventories
Other current assets
Property, plant and equipment
Other non-current assets
Intangibles
Goodwill
Total assets

Liabilities:

Account payable
Other current liabilities
Pension liabilities
Other non-current liabilities

Total liabilities

Net assets acquired
Less: Non-controlling interest
Controlling interest

March 31, 
2016
Fair value

37.7 
1.5 
33.0 
7.9 
138.5 
0.3 
112.1 
234.7 
565.7  

Fair value

6.0 
23.1 
9.1 
12.7 
50.9 
514.8 
(252.3)
262.5  

  $

  $

  $

  $
  $

  $

Acquired Intangibles primarily consisted of the fair value of customer contracts of $50.7 million and certain technology of $61.4 million. 
The customer contracts will be amortized straight-line over 7 years and the technology will be amortized straight-line over 10 years.

74

 
 
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
 
 
   
   
   
   
The  recognized  goodwill  of  $234.7  million  reflects  expected  synergies  from  combining  Autoliv’s  global  reach  and  customer  base  with 
Nissin  Kogyo’s  expertise  (including  workforce)  and  technology  in  brake  control  and  actuation  systems.  A  portion  of  the  goodwill  is 
deductible for tax purposes.

The  allocation  of  the  purchase  price  consideration  to  the  assets  acquired  and  the  liabilities  assumed  as  of  the  acquisition  date  was 
finalized in the first quarter of 2017.

In  the  fourth  quarter  of  2017,  the  Company  recognized  an  impairment  charge  of  the  full  goodwill  amount  of  $234.2  million  (after 
consideration of foreign exchange rate impact) related to ANBS (see Note 9). The Company estimated the fair value of ANBS using the 
discounted cash flow method, taking into account expected long-term operating cash-flow performance. The primary driver of the goodwill 
impairment was due to the lower expected long-term operating cash flow performance of the business unit as of the measurement period. 
The Company also assessed any potential impairment of acquired ANBS intangible assets comparing the undiscounted future cash flows 
to the carrying value of the assets. The undiscounted cash flow test indicated no impairment of the acquired intangible assets.

3. Fair Value Measurements

ASSETS AND LIABILITIES MEASURED AT FAIR VALUE ON A RECURRING BASIS

The  carrying  value  of  cash  and  cash  equivalents,  accounts  receivable,  accounts  payable,  other  current  liabilities  and  short-term  debt 
approximate their fair value because of the short term maturity of these instruments. 

On  August  17,  2015,  Autoliv  completed  the  acquisition  of  the  “Automotive  Solutions”  business  of  M/A-COM  Technology  Solutions 
Holdings, Inc. (MACOM) headquartered in Lowell, Massachusetts, which is a carve-out of the automotive business of MACOM, through 
the  acquisition  of  all  of  the  shares  of  M/A-COM  Auto  Solutions,  Inc.,  a  MACOM  subsidiary,  for  approximately  $99  million  in  cash  (as 
adjusted),  $15  million  of  deferred  purchase  price  payable  over  two  years,  plus  up  to  an  additional  $30  million  in  cash  based  on  the 
achievement  of  revenue  based  earnout  targets  through  September  30,  2019.  The  transaction  has  been  accounted  for  as  a  business 
combination. The fair value of the contingent consideration relating to the M/A-COM acquisition is re-measured on a recurring basis. The 
Company has determined that this contingent consideration resides within Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy. The Company adjusted the 
fair value of the earn-out liability to $14 million in the first quarter of 2017 based on actual revenue levels to date as well as changes in the 
estimated probability of different revenue scenarios for the remaining contractual earn-out period. Income of $13 million was recognized 
within Other income (expense), net in the Consolidated Statements of Net Income in the first quarter of 2017 due to the decrease in the 
contingent consideration liability. The reduced earn-out liability was largely offset by the impairment charge for a customer contract related 
to the M/A-COM acquisition as discussed below. The fair value of the earn-out liability remains unchanged at $14 million as of December 
31, 2017 (for further information, see Note 2).

The Company uses derivative financial instruments, “derivatives”, as part of its debt management to mitigate the market risk that occurs 
from  its  exposure  to  changes  in  interest  and  foreign  exchange  rates.  The  Company  does  not  enter  into  derivatives  for  trading  or  other 
speculative purposes. The Company’s use of derivatives is in accordance with the strategies contained in the Company’s overall financial 
policy.  The  derivatives  outstanding  at  December  31,  2017  were  foreign  exchange  swaps  and  forward  contracts.  All  swaps  principally 
match  the  terms  and  maturity  of  the  underlying  debt  and  no  swaps  have  a  maturity  beyond  six  months.  The  forward  contracts  are 
designated as cash flow hedges of certain external purchases. All derivatives are recognized in the consolidated financial statements at 
fair  value.  Certain  derivatives  are  from  time  to  time  designated  either  as  fair  value  hedges  or  cash  flow  hedges  in  line  with  the  hedge 
accounting criteria. For certain other derivatives hedge accounting is not applied either because non-hedge accounting treatment creates 
the  same  accounting  result  or  the  hedge  does  not  meet  the  hedge  accounting  requirements,  although  entered  into  applying  the  same 
rationale concerning mitigating market risk that occurs from changes in interest and foreign exchange rates.

The  degree  of  judgment  utilized  in  measuring  the  fair  value  of  the  instruments  generally  correlates  to  the  level  of  pricing  observability. 
Pricing  observability  is  impacted  by  a  number  of  factors,  including  the  type  of  asset  or  liability,  whether  the  asset  or  liability  has  an 
established market and the characteristics specific to the transaction. Instruments with readily active quoted prices or for which fair value 
can be measured from actively quoted prices generally will have a higher degree of pricing observability and a lesser degree of judgment 
utilized in measuring fair value. Conversely, assets rarely traded or not quoted will generally have less, or no, pricing observability and a 
higher degree of judgment utilized in measuring fair value.

Under  existing  GAAP,  there  is  a  disclosure  framework  hierarchy  associated  with  the  level  of  pricing  observability  utilized  in  measuring 
assets and liabilities at fair value. The three broad levels defined by the hierarchy are as follows:

Level 1 - Quoted prices are available in active markets for identical assets or liabilities as of the reported date.

Level 2 - Pricing inputs are other than quoted prices in active markets, which are either directly or indirectly observable as of the reported 
date. The nature of these assets and liabilities include items for which quoted prices are available but traded less frequently, and items 
that are fair valued using other financial instruments, the parameters of which can be directly observed.

Level 3 - Assets and liabilities that have little to no pricing observability as of the reported date. These items do not have two-way markets 
and are measured using management’s best estimate of fair value, where the inputs into the determination of fair value require significant 
management judgment or estimation.

75

The Company’s derivatives are all classified as Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy and there were no transfers between the levels during 
this or comparable periods.

The tables below present information about the Company’s financial assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of 
December 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016. The carrying value is the same as the fair value as these instruments are recognized in the 
consolidated financial statements at fair value. Although the Company is party to close-out netting agreements (ISDA agreements) with all 
derivative  counterparties,  the  fair  values  in  the  tables  below  and  in  the  Consolidated  Balance  Sheets  at  December  31,  2017  and 
December 31, 2016 have been presented on a gross basis. The amounts subject to netting agreements that the Company choose not to 
offset are presented below. According to the close-out netting agreements, transaction amounts payable to a counterparty on the same 
date and in the same currency can be netted.

DERIVATIVES DESIGNATED AS HEDGING INSTRUMENTS

The derivatives designated as hedging instruments outstanding at December 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016 were foreign exchange 
forward contracts, classified as cash flow hedges. For 2017, the cumulative gains and losses recognized in OCI on the cash flow hedges 
were  a  loss  of  $3.8  million  (net  of  taxes).  For  2017,  the  gains  and  losses  reclassified  from  OCI  and  recognized  in  the  Consolidated 
Statements of Net Income are a gain of $5.1 million (net of taxes). Any ineffectiveness in 2017 was not material. For 2016, the cumulative 
gains and losses recognized in OCI on the cash flow hedges were a gain of $9.1 million (net of taxes). For 2016, the gains and losses 
reclassified  from  OCI  and  recognized  in  the  Consolidated  Statements  of  Net  Income  were  a  gain  of  $1.2  million  (net  of  taxes).  Any 
ineffectiveness  in  2016  was  not  material.  For  2015,  the  gains  and  losses  reclassified  from  OCI  and  recognized  in  the  Consolidated 
Statements  of  Net  Income  were  a  gain  of  $0.4  million  (net  of  taxes).  The  estimated  net  amount  of  the  existing  gains  or  losses  at 
December 31, 2017 that is expected to be reclassified from OCI and recognized in the Consolidated Statements of Net Income within the 
next twelve months is a loss of $0.8 million (net of taxes).

DERIVATIVES NOT DESIGNATED AS HEDGING INSTRUMENTS

Derivatives, not designated as hedging instruments, relate to economic hedges and are marked to market with all amounts recognized in 
the Consolidated Statements of Net Income. The derivatives not designated as hedging instruments outstanding at December 31, 2017 
and December 31, 2016 were foreign exchange swaps. For 2017, the gains and losses recognized in other non-operating items, net are a 
gain of $1.2 million for derivative instruments not designated as hedging instruments. For 2016, the Company recognized a gain of $1.3 
million  in  other  non-operating  items,  net  for  derivative  instruments  not  designated  as  hedging  instruments.  For  2015,  the  Company 
recognized a loss of $3.3 million in other non-operating items, net for derivative instruments not designated as hedging instruments. For 
2017, 2016 and 2015, the gains and losses recognized as interest expense were immaterial.

DERIVATIVES DESIGNATED AS
HEDGING INSTRUMENTS1)
Foreign exchange forward
   contracts, less than 1 year
   (cash flow hedge)
Foreign exchange forward
   contracts, less than 2 years
   (cash flow hedge)
TOTAL

DECEMBER 31, 2017

Fair Value Measurements
   Derivative asset   Derivative liability    

DECEMBER 31, 2016

Fair Value Measurements

  Nominal
  volume    

(Other current/   

    non-current

assets)

(Other current /
non-current
liabilities)

    Nominal     non-current
    volume    

assets)

(Other current /
non-current
liabilities)

   Derivative asset   Derivative liability  
   (Other current /   

 $

66.6    

0.4    

1.3   $

74.0   $

7.6   $

—    
66.6    

 $

—    
0.4    

—    
1.3   $

10.8    
84.8   $

0.0    
7.6   $

DERIVATIVES NOT DESIGNATED AS   
HEDGING INSTRUMENTS
Foreign exchange swaps, less
   than 6 months
TOTAL

 $

468.2 2) 
468.2   $

2.4 3) 
2.4   $

0.3 4)$ 251.8 5)$
0.3   $ 251.8   $

1.1 6)$
1.1   $

1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
6)
7)

There is no netting since there are no offsetting contracts.
Net nominal amount after deducting for offsetting swaps under ISDA agreements is $468.2 million. 
Net amount after deducting for offsetting swaps under ISDA agreements is $2.4 million. 
Net amount after deducting for offsetting swaps under ISDA agreements is $0.3 million.  
Net nominal amount after deducting for offsetting swaps under ISDA agreements is $226.5 million. 
Net amount after deducting for offsetting swaps under ISDA agreements is $1.1 million. 
Net amount after deducting for offsetting swaps under ISDA agreements is $0.0 million.

76

0.3  

0.2  
0.5  

0.1 7)
0.1  

 
 
  
  
 
  
 
  
    
 
  
  
 
  
 
 
 
  
 
  
    
 
  
   
   
   
   
   
   
  
 
  
     
     
     
     
     
   
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
   
  
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
   
  
FAIR VALUE OF DEBT

The fair value of long-term debt is determined either from quoted market prices as provided by participants in the secondary market or for 
long-term debt without quoted market prices, estimated using a discounted cash flow method based on the Company’s current borrowing 
rates  for  similar  types  of  financing.  The  fair  value  and  carrying  value  of  debt  is  summarized  in  the  table  below.  The  Company  has 
determined that each of these fair value measurements of debt reside within Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy.

LONG-TERM DEBT
U.S. Private placement
Other long-term debt
TOTAL

 DECEMBER 31, 2017   DECEMBER 31, 2017   DECEMBER 31, 2016   DECEMBER 31, 2016  
  CARRYING VALUE1)   
1,310.5  $
 $
11.2   
1,321.7  $

   CARRYING VALUE1)   
1,312.4  $
11.2   
1,323.6  $

1,379.9  $
11.2   
1,391.1  $

1,360.0 
11.2 
1,371.2 

FAIR VALUE

FAIR VALUE

 $

SHORT-TERM DEBT
Overdrafts and other short-term debt
Short-term portion of long-term debt
TOTAL

 $

1)

Debt as reported in balance sheet.

19.5   
0.2   
19.7  $

19.5   
0.2   
19.7  $

39.7   
180.1   
219.8  $

39.7 
185.6 
225.3  

ASSETS AND LIABILITIES MEASURED AT FAIR VALUE ON A NON-RECURRING BASIS

In addition to assets and liabilities that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis, the Company also has assets and liabilities in its 
balance sheet that are measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis. Assets and liabilities that are measured at fair value on a non-
recurring basis include long-lived assets, including equity method investments, typically as it relates to impairment.

The  Company  has  determined  that  the  fair  value  measurements  included  in  each  of  these  assets  and  liabilities  rely  primarily  on 
Company-specific inputs and the Company’s assumptions about the use of the assets and settlements of liabilities, as observable inputs 
are  not  available.  The  Company  has  determined  that  each  of  these  fair  value  measurements  reside  within  Level  3  of  the  fair  value 
hierarchy. To determine the fair value of long-lived assets, the Company utilizes the projected cash flows expected to be generated by the 
long-lived assets, then discounts the future cash flows over the expected life of the long-lived assets. 

At  the  end  of  the  first  quarter  of  2017,  the  Company  received  information  related  to  a  contract  with  an  OEM  customer  of  M/A-COM 
products that resulted in an impairment trigger of the customer intangible asset that had been recognized at the time of the acquisition in 
2015  as  well  as  a  renewed  assessment  of  the  earn-out  liability.  In  the  first  quarter  of  2017,  the  Company  recognized  an  impairment 
charge to amortization of intangibles in the Consolidated Statements of Net Income for a customer contract of $12 million related to the 
M/A-COM  acquisition  (for  further  information,  see  Note  2).  The  impairment  charge  was  largely  offset  by  the  reduced  earn-out  liability 
discussed above and the net impact was a gain of $1 million in the first quarter of 2017. 

As  disclosed  in  Note  2,  the  Company  recorded  goodwill  impairment  in  2017  with  the  fair  value  measurement  of  such  impairment 
considered to be Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy.

For 2016, the Company did not record any material impairment charges on its long-lived assets.

4. Income Taxes

INCOME BEFORE INCOME TAXES
U.S.
Non-U.S.
Total

PROVISION FOR INCOME TAXES
Current

U.S. federal
Non-U.S.
U.S. state and local

Deferred

U.S. federal
Non-U.S.
U.S. state and local
Total income tax expense

2017

2016

2015

  $ (104.5)   $
611.0     
506.5    $

  $

132.4    $
671.4     
803.8    $

143.8 
531.9 
675.7  

2017

2016

2015

  $

24.9    $
211.4     
9.9     

53.9    $
209.1     
3.5     

68.9 
169.2 
4.2 

10.7     
(53.7)    
0.3     
203.5    $

(8.3)    
(15.6)    
(0.4)    
242.2    $

(9.3)
(13.7)
(1.1)
218.2  

  $

77

 
 
  
 
  
    
    
    
  
  
    
    
    
  
  
  
 
   
   
 
   
 
   
   
 
   
      
      
  
   
   
 
   
      
      
  
   
      
      
  
   
   
   
EFFECTIVE INCOME TAX RATE
U.S. federal income tax rate
Goodwill impairment
Foreign tax rate variances
Tax credits
Change in Valuation Allowances
Current year losses with no benefit
Net operating loss carry-forwards
Changes in tax reserves
U.S. Expense Allocation
Earnings of equity investments
Withholding taxes
State taxes, net of federal benefit
Change in U.S. tax rate
Deemed mandatory repatriation
Other, net
Effective income tax rate

2017

2016

2015

35.0  %  
12.1   
(14.2)  
(7.0)  
(7.5)  
4.3   
(0.2)  
1.3   
3.2   
(0.2)  
3.5   
0.4   
4.8   
4.9   
(0.2)  
40.2  %  

35.0  %  
—   
(7.7)  
(3.7)  
1.3   
2.1   
(2.3)  
0.5   
2.0   
(0.1)  
2.8   
0.2   
—   
—   
(0.0)  
30.1  %  

35.0  %
—   
(8.1)  
(4.3)  
0.1   
4.1   
(0.5)  
1.4   
2.7   
(0.2)  
1.2   
0.3   
—   
—   
0.6   
32.3  %

The Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (the “Tax Act”) was enacted on December 22, 2017. The Act makes broad and complex changes to the U.S. 
tax  code,  including  reducing  the  U.S.  federal  corporate  income  tax  rate  from  35%  to  21%,  requiring  companies  to  pay  a  one-time 
transition tax on earnings of certain foreign subsidiaries that were previously deferred and creates new taxes on certain foreign sourced 
earnings.  The  SEC  issued  Staff  Accounting  Bulletin  No.  118  (“SAB  118”)  on  December  22,  2017.  SAB  118  allows  for  a  measurement 
period in which companies can either use provisional estimates for changes resulting from the Tax Act or apply the tax laws that were in 
effect  immediately  prior  to  the  Tax  Act  being  enacted  if  estimates  cannot  be  determined  at  the  time  of  the  preparation  of  the  financial 
statements until the actual impacts can be determined. We have made a reasonable estimate of the effects on our existing deferred tax 
balances  and  the  one-time  transition  tax  and  therefore  have  recorded  provisional  amounts.  In  other  cases,  we  have  not  been  able  to 
make a reasonable estimate and continue to account for those items based on our existing accounting under ASC 740, Income Taxes, 
and the provisions of the tax laws that were in effect immediately prior to enactment. For the items for which we were able to determine a 
reasonable estimate, we recognized a provisional amount of $65 million, which is included as a component of income tax expense from 
continuing operations. 

Provisional Amounts 

Deferred  tax  assets  and  liabilities:  We  remeasured  certain  deferred  tax  assets  and  liabilities  based  on  the  rates  at  which  they  are 
expected to reverse in the future, which is generally 21%. However, we are still analyzing certain aspects of the Tax Act and refining our 
calculations, which could potentially affect the measurement of these balances or potentially give rise to new deferred tax amounts. The 
provisional amount recorded related to the re-measurement of our deferred tax balance was $24 million. 

Foreign tax effects: The one-time transition tax is based on our total post-1986 earnings and profits (E&P) that we previously deferred 
from  U.S.  income  taxes.  We  recorded  a  provisional  amount  for  our  one-time  transition  tax  for  all,  save  two,  of  our  foreign  subsidiaries 
resulting in an increase of income tax expense of $41 million, which includes U.S. expense allocations. We have not yet completed our 
calculation of the total post-1986 E&P for these foreign subsidiaries. Further, the transition tax is based in part on the amount of those 
earnings  held  in  cash  and  other  specified  assets.  We  are  continuing  to  gather  additional  information  to  more  precisely  compute  the 
amount  of  the  transition  tax  to  complete  our  calculation  of  E&P  and  to  make  the  final  determination  of  non-U.S.  income  taxes  paid. 
Therefore, this provisional amount may change when we finalize the calculation of post-1986 foreign E&P previously deferred from U.S. 
federal income taxation, finalize the amounts held in cash or other specified assets and determine the U.S. state income tax impact. No 
additional  income  taxes  have  been  provided  for  any  remaining  undistributed  foreign  earnings  not  subject  to  the  transition  tax,  or  any 
additional outside basis difference inherent in these entities, as these amounts continue to be indefinitely reinvested in foreign operations. 
Determining  the  amount  of  unrecognized  deferred  tax  liability  relating  to  any  remaining  outside  basis  difference  in  these  entities  (i.e., 
basis difference in excess of that subject to the one-time transition tax) is not practical. 

We have not completed the analysis on the E&P for the remaining two foreign subsidiaries to reasonably estimate the effects of the one-
time transition tax and, therefore, have not recorded provisional amounts. We continue to apply ASC 740 based on the provisions of the 
tax laws that were in effect immediately prior to the Tax Act being enacted. Because we have previously determined these amounts were 
indefinitely reinvested, no deferred taxes have been recorded. It is impractical to determine unrecognized deferred tax liabilities related to 
these entities. 

The accounting for the following element of the Tax Act is incomplete, and we have not yet been able to make reasonable estimates of 
the effect of this item. Therefore, no provisional amounts were recorded: 

Global  Intangible  Low  Taxed  Income  (“GILTI”):  The  Tax  Act  creates  a  new  requirement  that  certain  income  (i.e.,  GILTI)  earned  by 
foreign subsidiaries must be included currently in the gross income of the U.S. shareholder. Due to the complexity of the new GILTI tax 
rules, we are continuing to evaluate this provision of the Tax Act and the application of ASC 740. Under U.S. GAAP, we are permitted to 
make  an  accounting  policy  election  to  either  treat  taxes  due  on  future  inclusions  in  U.S.  taxable  income  related  to  GILTI  as  a  current-
period  expense  when  incurred  or  to  factor  such  amounts  into  our  measurement  of  our  deferred  taxes.  We  have  not  yet  completed  the 

78

 
   
   
 
 
   
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
analysis of the GILTI tax rules primarily due to a lack of guidance from the U.S. Treasury Department and are not yet able to reasonably 
estimate  the  effect  of  this  provision  of  the  Tax  Act  or  make  an  accounting  policy  election  for  ASC  740  treatment  of  the  GILTI  tax. 
Therefore, we have not recorded any amounts related to potential GILTI tax in our financial statements and have not yet made a policy 
decision regarding whether to record deferred taxes on GILTI.

Deferred  income  taxes  reflect  the  net  tax  effects  of  temporary  differences  between  the  carrying  amounts  of  assets  and  liabilities  for 
financial reporting purposes and the amounts used for income tax purposes. On December 31, 2017, the Company had net operating loss 
carryforwards (NOL’s) of approximately $417 million, of which approximately $299 million have no expiration date. The remaining losses 
expire on various dates through 2029. The Company also has $24 million of U.S. Foreign Tax Credit carry forwards, which begin to expire 
in 2025 and $7 million of non-U.S. Foreign Tax Credit carryforwards which begin to expire in 2021.

Valuation  allowances  have  been  established  which  partially  offset  the  related  deferred  assets.  Such  allowances  are  primarily  provided 
against NOL’s of companies that have perennially incurred losses, as well as the NOL’s of companies that are start-up operations and 
have not established a pattern of profitability. The Company assesses all available evidence, both positive and negative, to determine the 
amount  of  any  required  valuation  allowance.  In  2017,  the  Company  recognized  a  tax  benefit  of  $117  million  due  to  the  reversal  of 
valuation allowances. This consisted primarily of the reversal of valuation allowances on $43 million of deferred tax assets in France and 
on $55 million of U.S. foreign tax credits as a result of deemed mandatory repatriation as discussed above.

The foreign tax rate variance reflects the fact that approximately two-thirds of the Company’s non-U.S. pre-tax income is generated by 
business operations located in tax jurisdictions where the tax rate is between 20-30%. The tax rate from quarter to quarter and from year 
to  year  is  also  impacted  by  the  mix  of  earnings  and  tax  rates  in  various  jurisdictions  compared  to  the  same  periods  or  prior  years. 
Although a significant portion of the goodwill is deductible in certain jurisdictions the nondeductible portion of the goodwill impairment is 
contributing to the increase in effective income tax rate.

The  Company  has  reserves  for  income  taxes  that  may  become  payable  in  future  periods  as  a  result  of  tax  audits.  These  reserves 
represent  the  Company’s  best  estimate  of  the  potential  liability  for  tax  exposures.  Inherent  uncertainties  exist  in  estimates  of  tax 
exposures due to changes in tax law, both legislated and concluded through the various jurisdictions’ court systems. The Company files 
income tax returns in the United States federal jurisdiction, and various states and non-U.S. jurisdictions.

At any given time, the Company is undergoing tax audits in several tax jurisdictions, covering multiple years. The Company is no longer 
subject to income tax examination by the U.S. Federal tax authorities for years prior to 2014. With few exceptions, the Company is no 
longer subject to income tax examination by U.S. state or local tax authorities or by non-U.S. tax authorities for years before 2009. The 
Company  is  undergoing  tax  audits  in  several  non-U.S.  jurisdictions  and  several  U.S.  state  jurisdictions,  covering  multiple  years.  As  of 
December 31, 2017, as a result of those tax examinations, the Company is not aware of any proposed income tax adjustments that would 
have a material impact on the Company’s financial statements, however, other audits could result in additional increases or decreases to 
the unrecognized tax benefits in some future period or periods.

The Company recognizes interest and potential penalties accrued related to unrecognized tax benefits in tax expense. As of December 
31, 2016, the Company had recorded $30.3 million for unrecognized tax benefits related to prior years, including $6.9 million of accrued 
interest  and  penalties.  During  2017,  the  Company  recorded  a  net  increase  of  $4.3  million  to  income  tax  reserves  for  unrecognized  tax 
benefits based on tax positions related to the current and prior years. The Company had $6.3 million accrued for the payment of interest 
and  penalties  as  of  December  31,  2017.  Of  the  total  unrecognized  tax  benefits  of  $34.6  million  recorded  at  December  31,  2017,  $8.0 
million  is  classified  as  current  income  tax  payable,  and  $26.6  million  is  classified  as  non-current  tax  payable  included  in  Other  Non-
Current Liabilities on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. Substantially all of these reserves would impact the effective tax rate if released 
into income. The following table summarizes the activity related to the Company’s unrecognized tax benefits:

UNRECOGNIZED TAX BENEFITS
Unrecognized tax benefits at beginning of year

2017

2016

2015

  $

27.2    $

25.2    $

21.5 

Increases as a result of tax positions taken during a prior
   Period
Decreases as a result of tax positions taken during a prior
   Period
Increases as a result of tax positions taken during the current
   Period
Decreases as a result of tax positions taken during the
   current period
Decreases relating to settlements with taxing authorities
Decreases resulting from the lapse of the applicable statute
   of limitations
Translation Difference

Total unrecognized tax benefits at end of year

2.0     

4.5     

2.5 

0.0     

(0.2)    

(0.1)

6.8     

5.8     

5.7 

0.0     
(7.1)    

(1.7)    
(1.3)    

(0.3)    
1.0     
29.6    $

(3.5)    
(1.6)    
27.2    $

  $

0.0 
(0.7)

(2.0)
(1.7)
25.2  

79

 
 
 
 
 
 
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
The tax effect of temporary differences and carryforwards that comprise significant portions of deferred tax assets and liabilities were as 
follows.

DEFERRED TAXES
DECEMBER 31
Assets
Provisions
Costs capitalized for tax
Property, plant and equipment
Retirement Plans
Tax receivables, principally NOL’s
Deferred tax assets before allowances
Valuation allowances
Total

Liabilities
Acquired intangibles
Statutory tax allowances
Insurance deposit
Distribution taxes
Other
Total
Net deferred tax asset

2017

2016

2015

113.4    $
35.9     
25.0     
50.8     
187.2     
412.3    $
(147.6)    
264.7    $

110.8    $
19.1     
14.8     
66.8     
222.1     
433.6    $
(210.0)    
223.6    $

90.6 
21.3 
15.5 
60.8 
192.8 
381.0 
(177.7)
203.3 

(6.5)   $
0.3     
0.0     
(29.1)    
(4.2)    
(39.5)   $
225.2    $

(12.2)   $
(0.0)    
(0.0)    
(29.4)    
(4.9)    
(46.5)   $
177.1    $

(18.4)
(0.6)
(3.3)
(29.8)
(2.9)
(55.0)
148.3  

  $

  $

  $

  $

  $
  $

The following table summarizes the activity related to the Company’s valuation allowances:

VALUATION ALLOWANCES AGAINST DEFERRED TAX ASSETS 
DECEMBER 31
Allowances at beginning of year
Benefits reserved current year
Benefits recognized current year
Write-offs and other changes
Translation difference
Allowances at end of year

2017

2016

2015

  $

  $

210.0    $
49.1     
(117.0)    
(0.0)    
5.5     
147.6    $

177.7    $
43.5     
(13.8)    
(0.5)    
3.1     
210.0    $

150.1 
53.7 
(5.2)
(0.2)
(20.7)
177.7  

5. Receivables

DECEMBER 31
Receivables
Allowance at beginning of year

Reversal of allowance
Addition to allowance
Write-off against allowance
Translation difference
Allowance at end of year
Total receivables, net of allowance

6. Inventories

DECEMBER 31
Raw material
Work in progress
Finished products
Inventories
Inventory reserve at beginning of year

Reversal of reserve
Addition to reserve
Write-off against reserve
Translation difference

Inventory reserve at end of year
Total inventories, net of reserve

80

2017

2015

2016
  $ 2,165.7    $ 1,967.9    $ 1,793.7 
(6.9)
  $
1.3 
(1.9)
0.8 
0.6 
(6.1)
  $
  $ 2,157.2    $ 1,960.1    $ 1,787.6  

(6.1)   $
0.9     
(3.7)    
0.5     
0.6     
(7.8)   $

(7.8)   $
1.3     
(2.8)    
1.5     
(0.7)    
(8.5)   $

2017

2016

2015

  $

423.0    $
285.2     
258.0     
966.2    $
  $
  $ (101.5)   $
9.4     
(12.8)    
6.6     
(8.8)    

378.2    $
256.7     
240.0     
874.9    $
(89.8)   $
3.9     
(26.5)    
8.1     
2.8     
  $ (107.1)   $ (101.5)   $
773.4    $
  $

859.1    $

339.9 
243.4 
217.9 
801.2 
(83.3)
4.3 
(22.2)
5.0 
6.4 
(89.8)
711.4  

   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
      
      
  
   
   
   
   
   
 
   
      
      
  
   
      
      
  
   
   
   
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
   
   
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
   
   
   
 
   
   
 
   
   
   
   
   
   
7. Investments and Other Non-Current Assets

DECEMBER 31
Equity method investments
Deferred tax assets
Income tax receivables
Other non-current assets
Investments and other non-current assets

2017

2016

  $

  $

110.6   $
278.7    
43.7    
85.5    
518.5   $

18.5 
234.1 
44.7 
54.9 
352.2  

As of December 31, 2017, the Company had two equity method investments. 

On April 18, 2017, Autoliv and Volvo Cars completed the formation of their joint venture, Zenuity AB. Autoliv made a cash contribution of 
SEK 1 billion and also contributed intellectual property, lab equipment and an assembled workforce. Autoliv and Volvo Cars each have a 
50%  ownership  of  Zenuity  and  neither  entity  has  the  ability  to  exert  control  over  the  joint  venture,  in  form  or  in  substance.  Autoliv  has 
accounted for its investment in Zenuity under the equity method and the investment is shown in the line item Investments and other non-
current  assets  in  the  Condensed  Consolidated  Balance  Sheet.  The  contributed  intellectual  property,  lab  equipment,  and  an  assembled 
workforce have been assessed to constitute a business as defined by ASU 2017-01, Business Combinations (Topic 805) – Clarifying the 
Definition  of  a  Business.  FASB  ASC  Topic  810,  Consolidation  states  that  when  a  group  of  assets  that  constitute  a  business  is 
derecognized,  the  carrying  amounts  of  the  assets  and  liabilities  are  removed  from  the  consolidated  balance  sheet.  The  investor  would 
recognize a gain or loss based on the difference between the sum of the fair value of any consideration received less the carrying amount 
of the group of assets and liabilities contributed at the date of the transaction. The enterprise value of Zenuity on the date of the closing of 
the  transaction  of  approximately  $250  million  has  been  calculated  using  the  discounted  cash  flow  method  of  the  income  approach. 
Autoliv’s  50%  share  of  the  enterprise  value,  approximately  $125  million,  represents  its  investment  in  Zenuity,  including  its  cash 
contribution  at  inception.  The  Company  recorded  an  immaterial  gain  based  on  the  difference  between  Autoliv’s  share  of  Zenuity’s 
enterprise value less the carrying value of the group of assets and liabilities derecognized. Autoliv believes that the calculated fair value 
represents its best estimate of the enterprise value of Zenuity considering the expected synergies to be achieved with the joint venture 
from  the  contributed  assets  including  synergies  of  future  combined  Research  &  Development  leading  to  the  next  generation  of 
autonomous driving software. The profit and loss attributed to the investment is shown in the line item (Loss) income from equity method 
investments in the Consolidated Statements of Net Income. Autoliv’s share of Zenuity’s loss for 2017 were $31 million. As of December 
31,  2017,  the  Company’s  equity  investment  in  Zenuity  amounted  to  approximately  $98  million  after  consideration  of  foreign  exchange 
movements.

The Company has ownership of 49% in Autoliv-Hirotako Safety Sdn, Bhd (parent and subsidiaries) in Malaysia which it currently does not 
control, but in which it exercises significant influence over operations and financial position. 

In 2016, Changchun Hongguang-Autoliv Vehicle Safety Systems Co. Ltd., in which the Company owned 30%, was divested. The loss in 
connection with the divestment was immaterial.

8. Property, Plant and Equipment

DECEMBER 31
Land and land improvements
Machinery and equipment
Buildings
Construction in progress
Property, plant and equipment
Less accumulated depreciation
Net of depreciation

Estimated
life
n/a to 15
3-8
20-40
n/a

2017

2016

134.1    $

898.6     
443.1     

  $
122.4   
    3,885.3      3,385.4   
792.4   
341.0   
  $ 5,361.1    $ 4,641.2   
    (3,388.0)     (2,983.1)  
  $ 1,973.1    $ 1,658.1   

DEPRECIATION INCLUDED IN
Cost of sales
Selling, general and administrative expenses
Research, development and engineering expenses, net
Total

2017

2016

2015

  $

  $

327.4    $
14.6     
36.9     
378.9    $

299.6    $
9.5     
30.2     
339.3    $

268.8 
7.3 
23.3 
299.4  

No significant fixed asset impairments were recognized during 2017, 2016 or 2015.

The net book value of machinery and equipment and buildings and land under capital lease contracts was $12.4 million and $15.2 million 
as  of  December  31,  2017  and  December  31,  2016,  respectively.  The  amortization  expense  related  to  capital  leases  is  included  with 
depreciation expenses disclosed in the table above.

81

 
   
 
   
   
   
 
 
 
 
 
   
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
   
9. Goodwill and Intangible Assets

GOODWILL
Carrying amount at December 31, 2015
Acquisition
Translation differences
Carrying amount at December 31, 2016
Acquisition
Goodwill impairment charge
Translation differences
Carrying amount at December 31, 2017

Passive
Safety

Total

Segment    

Electronics
Segment

217.8     
(13.4)   

  $ 1,666.3    $ 1,388.3    $
—     
(7.7)   
  $ 1,870.7    $ 1,380.6    $
—     
—     
16.5     
  $ 1,688.8    $ 1,397.1    $

30.3     
(234.2)   
22.0     

278.0 
217.8 
(5.7)
490.1 
30.3 
(234.2)
5.5 
291.7  

The  goodwill  recognized  in  2016  of  $217.8  million  is  related  to  the  acquisition  of  Autoliv  Nissin  Brake  Systems  (ANBS).  Of  the  $30.3 
million of goodwill recognized in 2017, $13.4 million is related to the Fotonic acquisition in the fourth quarter of 2017 and $16.9 million is 
related to the finalization of the purchase price allocation for the ANBS acquisition in the first quarter of 2017 (see Note 2). In the fourth 
quarter  of  2017,  the  Company  recognized  an  impairment  charge  of  the  full  goodwill  amount  of  $234.2  million,  after  consideration  of 
foreign exchange movements, related to ANBS within the Electronics segment (see table above). The Company estimated the fair value 
of ANBS using the discounted cash flow method, taking into account expected long-term operating cash-flow performance. The primary 
driver of the goodwill impairment was due to the lower expected long-term operating cash flow performance of the business unit as of the 
measurement  date.  For  more  information  regarding  the  Company’s  impairment  testing,  see  section  “Goodwill  and  Intangible  Assets”  in 
Note 1.

Approximately  $1.2  billion  of  the  Passive  Safety  goodwill  is  associated  with  the  1997  merger  of  Autoliv  AB  and  the  Automotive  Safety 
Products Division of Morton International, Inc.

AMORTIZABLE INTANGIBLES
Gross carrying amount
Accumulated amortization
Carrying value

2017

2016

  $

  $

628.7    $
(463.9)   
164.8    $

618.2 
(405.7)
212.5  

No significant impairments of intangible assets were recognized during 2016 and 2015.

At December 31, 2017, intangible assets subject to amortization mainly relate to acquired technology and contractual relationships. Of the 
carrying value of $164.8 million at December 31, 2017, $111 million was related to the technology asset category and $38 million was 
related to the contractual relationships asset category. 

In the first quarter of 2017, the Company received information related to a contract with an OEM customer of M/A-COM products and as a 
result the Company recognized an impairment charge to amortization of intangibles in the Consolidated Statements of Net Income for a 
customer contract of $12 million. Of the carrying value of $212.5 million at December 31, 2016, $126 million was related to the technology 
asset category and $73 million was related to the contractual relationships asset category.

Amortization expense related to intangible assets was $47.0 million, $43.7 million and $19.6 million in 2017, 2016 and 2015, respectively. 
Estimated future amortization expense is (in millions): 2018: $31.3; 2019: $31.1; 2020: $30.1; 2021: $29.7 and 2022: $29.5.

10. Restructuring and Other Liabilities

RESTRUCTURING

Restructuring provisions are made on a case-by-case basis and primarily include severance costs incurred in connection with headcount 
reductions and plant consolidations. The Company expects to finance restructuring programs over the next several years through cash 
generated from its ongoing operations or through cash available under its existing credit facilities. The Company does not expect that the 
execution of these programs will have an adverse impact on its liquidity position. The majority of the Company’s restructuring activities 
relate  to  the  Passive  Safety  segment.  The  changes  in  the  employee-related  reserves  have  been  charged  against  Other  income 
(expense), net in the Consolidated Statements of Net Income.

The majority of the reserve balance as of December 31, 2017 pertains to restructuring activities initiated in Western Europe in the past 
few  years.  The  Company  anticipates  that  its  restructuring  initiatives  in  Western  Europe  for  a  number  of  plants,  none  of  which  are 
individually or in the aggregate material as of December 31, 2017, will continue through dates ranging from 2018 through 2021. The total 
amount  of  costs  expected  to  be  incurred  in  connection  with  these  restructuring  activities  ranges  from  approximately  $10  million  to  $28 
million for each individual activity. In the aggregate, the cost for these Western European restructuring initiatives is approximately $101 
million and the remaining restructuring liability as of December 31, 2017 is approximately $35 million out of the $41.7 million total reserve 
balance.

82

 
   
 
   
   
   
   
   
 
   
 
   
2017

In 2017, the employee-related restructuring provisions, made on a case-by-case basis, related mainly to headcount reductions in high-
cost countries in Western Europe and Japan. Cash payments related mainly to high-cost countries in Western Europe. The table below 
summarizes the change in the balance sheet position of the restructuring reserves from December 31, 2016 to December 31, 2017.

Restructuring employee-related
Other
Total reserve

2016

 December 31    Provision/     Provision/     Cash

   Translation   December 31 

2016

    Charge     Reversal     payments     difference    

2017

  $

  $

37.1    $
0.4     
37.5    $

33.7    $
0.3     
34.0    $

(7.0)   $
(0.4)    
(7.4)   $

(27.1)   $
—     
(27.1)   $

4.7    $
0.0     
4.7    $

41.4 
0.3 
41.7  

In 2016, the employee-related restructuring provisions, made on a case-by-case basis, and cash payments related mainly to headcount 
reductions in high-cost countries in Western Europe and Korea. The table below summarizes the change in the balance sheet position of 
the restructuring reserves from December 31, 2015 to December 31, 2016.

Restructuring employee-related
Other
Total reserve

2015

 December 31    Provision/     Provision/     Cash

   Translation   December 31 

2015

    Charge     Reversal     payments     difference    

2016

  $

  $

87.7    $
0.2     
87.9    $

26.2    $
0.5     
26.7    $

(2.8)   $
—     
(2.8)   $

(73.0)   $
—     
(73.0)   $

(1.0)   $
(0.3)    
(1.3)   $

37.1 
0.4 
37.5  

In 2015, the employee-related restructuring provisions, made on a case-by-case basis, and cash payments related mainly to headcount 
reductions  in  high-cost  countries  in  Western  Europe.  The  table  below  summarizes  the  change  in  the  balance  sheet  position  of  the 
restructuring reserves from December 31, 2014 to December 31, 2015.

Restructuring employee-related
Other
Total reserve

11. Product Related Liabilities

 December 31    Provision/     Provision/     Cash

   Translation   December 31 

2014

    Charge     Reversal     payments     difference    

2015

  $

  $

79.6    $
0.2     
79.8    $

82.6    $
0.2     
82.8    $

(2.9)   $
—     
(2.9)   $

(63.4)   $
(0.2)    
(63.6)   $

(8.2)   $
0.0     
(8.2)   $

87.7 
0.2 
87.9  

Autoliv is exposed to product liability and warranty claims in the event that the Company’s products fail to perform as represented and 
such failure results, or is alleged to result, in bodily injury, and/or property damage or other loss. The Company has reserves for product 
risks.  Such  reserves  are  related  to  product  performance  issues  including  recall,  product  liability  and  warranty  issues.  For  further 
information, see Note 16.

The  Company  records  liabilities  for  product  related  risks  when  probable  claims  are  identified  and  when  it  is  possible  to  reasonably 
estimate costs. Provisions for warranty claims are estimated based on prior experience, likely changes in performance of newer products, 
and the mix and volume of the products sold. The provisions are recorded on an accrual basis.

The decrease in reserves in 2017 was mainly due to a decrease in recall related issues and payments. A majority of the Company’s recall 
related issues as of December 31, 2017 are covered by insurance. Insurance receivables are included within other current assets in the 
Consolidated  Balance  Sheet.  For  2016  the  increase  in  reserves  was  mainly  due  to  recall  related  issues,  while  2015  was  split between 
warranty  and  recall  related  issues.  Cash  payments  in  2017  were  mainly  recall  related,  while  2016  were  mainly  warranty  related.  2015 
were  split  between  warranty  and  recall  related  issues.  The  table  below  summarizes  the  change  in  the  balance  sheet  position  of  the 
product related liabilities.

DECEMBER 31
Reserve at beginning of the year
Change in reserve
Cash payments
Translation difference
Reserve at end of the year

2017

2016

2015

  $

  $

120.1    $
39.8     
(45.1)    
2.9     
117.7    $

60.8    $
91.4     
(30.6)    
(1.5)    
120.1    $

51.3 
37.9 
(26.5)
(1.9)
60.8  

83

 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
   
   
12. Debt and Credit Agreements

The  Company  uses  derivative  financial  instruments  as  part  of  its  debt  management  to  mitigate  the  market  risk  that  occurs  from  its 
exposure to changes in interest and foreign exchange rates. From time to time, the Company may enter into derivatives to economically 
hedge these exposures or the Company may enter into derivatives to achieve special hedge accounting according to the requirements of 
ASC  815.  The  Company  does  not  enter  into  derivatives  for  trading  or  other  speculative  purposes.  The  use  of  such  derivatives  is  in 
accordance with the strategies contained in the Company’s overall financial policy. In this note, short-term debt and long-term debt are 
discussed  including  Debt-Related  Derivatives  (DRD),  i.e.  debt  is  reflected  as  including  the  fair  value  adjustments  relating  to  hedges 
terminated in a prior period. DRD is amortized over the remaining life of the debt. The Debt Profile table below also reflects debt excluding 
DRD.

SHORT-TERM DEBT

As of December 31, 2017, total short-term debt was $20 million, including DRD. The short-term portion of long-term loans outstanding as 
of December 31, 2017 was immaterial following the debt repayments during 2017. The $105 million US private placement note, the SEK 
300 million note ($36 million equivalent) and the SEK 350 million fixed-rate note ($43 million equivalent) were repaid during 2017.

The Company’s subsidiaries also have credit agreements, principally in the form of overdraft facilities with a number of local banks. Total 
available  short-term  facilities  as  of  December  31,  2017,  excluding  commercial  paper  facilities  as  described  below,  amounted  to  $321 
million, of which approximately $20 million was utilized. The aggregate amount of unused short-term lines of credit at December 31, 2017 
was approximately $301 million, compared with $266 million at December 31, 2016. The weighted average interest rate on total short-
term  debt  outstanding  at  December  31,  2017  and  2016,  excluding  the  short-term  portion  of  long-term  debt,  was  2.0%  and  3.0%, 
respectively.

LONG-TERM DEBT – OUTSTANDING LOANS

As of December 31, 2017, total long-term debt, including DRD, was $1,321.7 million.

On April 25, 2014, the Company issued and sold $1.25 billion of long-term debt securities in a U.S. Private Placement pursuant to a Note 
Purchase and Guaranty Agreement dated April 23, 2014, by and among Autoliv ASP Inc., the Company and the purchasers listed therein. 
The $1.25 billion in senior notes have an average interest rate of 3.84%, and consist of: $208 million aggregate principal amount of 5-year 
senior notes with an interest rate of 2.84%; $275 million aggregate principal amount of 7-year senior notes with an interest rate of 3.51%; 
$297 million aggregate principal amount of 10-year senior notes with an interest rate of 4.09%; $285 million aggregate principal amount of 
12-year senior notes with an interest rate of 4.24%; and $185 million aggregate principal amount of 15-year senior notes with an interest 
rate of 4.44%.

In addition to the $1.25 billion senior notes issued in 2014, long-term debt of $71 million (including DRD) consist of: $60 million of senior 
notes issued in 2007 as private placements by Autoliv ASP, Inc. (a 100% owned subsidiary). The notes issued in 2007 were guaranteed 
by  the  Company  and  consist  of  one  remaining  long-term  tranche  maturing  in  2019,  originally  with  fixed  interest  rate  of  6.2%.  The 
Company entered into swap arrangements with respect to part of the proceeds of the notes offering and in 2013, the interest rate swap on 
the  remaining  $60  million  U.S.  private  placement  note  issued  in  2007,  with  a  nominal  value  of  $60  million,  was  cancelled.  The  gain  is 
amortized through interest expense. Consequently, the $60 million long-term note carries a fixed interest rate of 2.5%, when including the 
amortization of the cancelled swap.

The remaining other long-term debt of $11 million, consists primarily of $11 million equivalent of a capital lease arrangements at Autoliv 
Nissin Brake Systems Japan-Ueda (a 51% owned subsidiary) and carry an interest rate of 0.6%.

LONG-TERM DEBT – LOAN FACILITIES

In July 2016, the Company refinanced its existing revolving credit facility of $1,100 million. The facility is syndicated among 14 banks and 
matures  in  2021.  It  also  had  two  extension  options  where  Autoliv  can  request  the  banks  to  extend  the  maturity  to  2022  and  2023 
respectively, on the first and second anniversaries of the initial maturity of the July 2016 loan facility, a so called 5+1+1 structure. The 
Company utilized the first extension option in July 2017 and therefore extended the maturity until 2022. The Company pays a commitment 
fee on the undrawn amount of 0.08%, representing 35% of the applicable margin, which is 0.225% (given the Company’s rating of “A-” 
from Standard & Poor’s at December 31, 2017). Financing costs are amortized over the expected life of the facility. Borrowings under this 
facility are unsecured and bear interest based on the relevant LIBOR or IBOR rate. The commitment is available for general corporate 
purposes. Borrowings are repayable at any time and in their entirety at the expiration date. As of December 31, 2017 and December 31, 
2016, the facility was unutilized. 

The Company is not subject to any financial covenants, i.e. performance related restrictions, in any of its significant long-term borrowings 
or commitments.

The Company has two commercial paper programs: one SEK 7 billion (approx. $850 million) Swedish program and one $1.0 billion U.S. 
program. Both programs were unutilized at December 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016. When commercial paper is issued under these 
programs, it would be classified as long-term debt because the Company has had the ability and intent to refinance these borrowings on a 
long-term basis either through continued commercial paper borrowings or utilization of the long-term credit facilities described above.

84

CREDIT RISK

In  the  Company’s  financial  operations,  credit  risk  arises  in  connection  with  cash  deposits  with  banks  and  when  entering  into  forward 
exchange agreements, swap contracts or other financial instruments. In order to reduce this risk, deposits and financial instruments are 
only entered with a limited number of banks up to a calculated risk amount of $150 million per bank for banks rated A- or above and up to 
$50 million for banks rated BBB+. The policy of the Company is to work with banks that have a strong credit rating and that participate in 
the Company’s financing. In addition to this, deposits of up to  an aggregate amount of $2.0 billion can be placed in U.S.  and Swedish 
government  paper  and  in  certain  AAA  rated  money  market  funds.  As  of  December  31,  2017,  the  Company  had  placed  $326  million  in 
money market funds.

The table below shows debt maturity as cash flow in the upper part which is reconciled with reported debt in the last row. For a description 
of hedging instruments used as part of debt management, see the Financial Instruments section of Note 1 and Note 3.

DEBT PROFILE

PRINCIPAL AMOUNT BY EXPECTED MATURITY
U.S. private placement notes (incl. DRD1))
   (Weighted average interest rate 3.8%)
Overdraft/Other short-term debt (incl. DRD1))
   (Weighted average interest rate 2.0%)
Other long-term loans, incl. current portion
   (Weighted average interest rate 0.7%)
Total debt as cash flow, (incl. DRD1))
DRD adjustment
Total debt as reported

  2018     2019     2020     2021     2022    Thereafter   

    Total
long-
term     Total

  $ —    $268.0   $ —    $275.0   $ —    $

767.0    $1,310.0    $1,310.0 

    17.5      —     —      —     —     

—     

—     

17.5 

0.2     

0.2     —      11.0     —     
  $ 17.7    $268.2   $ —    $286.0   $ —    $
0.5     —      —     —     
  $ 19.7    $268.7   $ —    $286.0   $ —    $

2.0     

—     

11.2     

11.4 
767.0    $1,321.2    $1,338.9 
2.5 
767.0    $1,321.7    $1,341.4  

0.5     

—     

1)

Debt Related Derivatives (DRD), i.e. fair value adjustments to the carrying value of the underlying debt associated with hedging and a discounted 
fair value hedge.

13. Shareholders’ Equity

The number of shares outstanding as of December 31, 2017 was 86,972,854.

DIVIDENDS
Cash dividend paid per share
Cash dividend declared per share

2017

2016

2015

  $
  $

2.38    $
2.40    $

2.30    $
2.32    $

2.22 
2.24  

OTHER COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS)/ ENDING BALANCE1)
Cumulative translation adjustments
Net gain of cash flow hedge derivatives
Net pension liability
Purchase of subsidiary shares from non-controlling interest
Total (ending balance)
Deferred taxes on the pension liability

2017

2015

2016
  $ (230.5)   $ (493.5)   $ (345.9)
0.2 
(63.0)
0.2 
  $ (287.5)   $ (565.5)   $ (408.5)
29.8  
  $

8.1     
(80.1)    
—     

(0.8)    
(56.2)    
—     

16.5    $

35.3    $

1)

The components of Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) are net of any related income tax effects.

SHARE REPURCHASE PROGRAM

The Company’s Board of Directors approved a share repurchase program in 2000 authorizing the repurchase of 10 million shares and 
subsequently  expanded  the  authorization  four  times  between  2000  and  2014  to  47.5  million  shares.  The  Company  made  repurchases 
during  the  second  quarter  of  2017  and  there  were  no  share  repurchases  made  during  2016.  There  is  no  expiration  date  for  the  share 
repurchase  program.  The  Company  is  authorized  to  repurchase  an  additional  2,986,288  shares  under  the  program  at  December  31, 
2017.

SHARES

Shares repurchased (shares in millions)
Cash paid for shares

2017

2016

2015

1.4     
157.0    $

  $

—     
—    $

0.9 
104.4  

In  total,  Autoliv  has  repurchased  44.5  million  shares  between  May  2000  and  December  2017  for  cash  of  $2,498  million,  including 
commissions. Of the total amount of repurchased shares, 23.6 million shares were utilized for the equity unit offering during 2009-2012. In 
addition,  5.1  million  shares  have  been  utilized  by  the  Stock  Incentive  Plan  whereof  0.2  million,  0.1  million  and  0.3  million  were  utilized 
during 2017, 2016 and 2015, respectively. At December 31, 2017, 15.8 million of the repurchased shares remain in treasury stock.

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14. Supplemental Cash Flow Information

The Company’s payments for acquisitions of businesses and interests in affiliates, net of cash acquired were as follows:

2017

2016

2015

Payments to acquire businesses:
Fair value of assets acquired, excluding cash
Liabilities assumed
Fair value of earn-out and deferred purchase consideration
Less: Non-controlling interest
Payments to acquire businesses, net of cash acquired
Payments to acquire equity method investments
Payments to acquire additional interests in subsidiaries
Payments to acquire businesses and interests in affiliates,
   total

  $

  $

0.3     
3.1     
—     

(17.2)   $ (529.5)   $ (146.4)
7.9 
39.6 
— 
(98.9)
— 
(4.2)

50.9     
—     
252.3     
(13.8)   $ (226.3)   $
—     
—     

(111.5)    
—     

  $ (125.3)   $ (226.3)   $ (103.1)

The Company has made the following acquisitions of businesses and interests in affiliates in the years presented in the table above:

2017: Fotonic i Norden dp AB (see Note 2) and Zenuity (50%) (see Note 7).

2016: Autoliv-Nissin Brake Systems (see Note 2).

2015: M/A-COM Automotive Solutions.

Payments for interest and income taxes were as follows:

Interest
Income taxes

15. Stock Incentive Plan

2017

2016

2015

  $
  $

64    $
204    $

64    $
247    $

66 
214  

Commencing  with  grants  in  February  2016,  employees  receive  50%  of  their  long-term  incentive  (LTI)  grant  value  in  the  form  of 
performance shares (PSs) and 50% in the form of restricted stock units (RSUs).

The  grantee  may  earn  0%-200%  of  the  target  number  of  PSs  based  on  the  Company’s  achievement  of  specified  targets.  The 
performance targets are for: 1) the Company’s compound annual growth rate (CAGR) for sales and 2) the Company’s CAGR in earnings 
per share relative to an established benchmark growth rate. Each performance target is weighted 50% and results are measured at the 
end  of  the  three-year  performance  period.  Each  PS  represents  a  promise  to  transfer  a  share  of  the  Company’s  common  stock  to  the 
employee following completion of the performance period, provided that the performance goals mentioned above are met and provided, 
further, that the grantee remains employed through the performance period, subject to certain limited exceptions. The RSUs granted on 
February 15, 2016 and May 9, 2016 vest in three approximately equal annual installments beginning on the first anniversary of the grant 
date,  and  the  RSUs  granted  on  February  19,  2017  will  vest  in  one  installment  on  the  third  anniversary  of  the  grant  date,  in  each  case 
subject  to  the  grantee’s  continued  employment  with  the  Company  on  each  vesting  date,  subject  to  acceleration  of  vesting  in  certain 
circumstances. The RSUs and PSs granted in 2017 entitle the grantee to receive dividend equivalents in the form of additional RSUs and 
PSs subject to the same vesting conditions as the underlying RSUs and PSs, respectively.

The fair value of the RSUs and PSs granted under the LTI program are calculated as the grant date fair value of the shares expected to 
be issued. For the grants made during 2017, the fair value of a PS and a RSU is calculated by using the closing stock price at grant date. 
For the grants made during 2016 and earlier, the fair value of a RSU and a PS was estimated using the Black Scholes valuation model 
because of the difference in the value resulting from dividend rights. The grant date fair value for the RSUs at February 19, 2017 was $7.9 
million. This cost will be amortized straight line over the vesting period. The grant date fair value of the PSs at February 19, 2017 was also 
$7.9  million.  For PSs, the  grant date fair value of  the number  of  awards  expected to  vest is  based  on the  Company’s best estimate of 
ultimate  performance  against  the  respective  targets  and  is  recognized  as  compensation  cost  on  a  straight-line  basis  over  the  requisite 
vesting period of the awards. The Company assesses the expected achievement levels at the end of each quarter. As of December 31, 
2017, the Company believes it is probable that the performance conditions for the two grants will be met, although at a different level, and 
has accrued for the compensation expense accordingly. The cumulative effect of the change in estimate is recognized in the period of 
change as an adjustment to compensation expense.

The Company’s non-employee directors historically received grants of fully-vested shares of the Company’s common stock as payment of 
50%  of  their  annual  base  retainer,  which  shares  were  granted  in  arrears  following  a  year  of  service.  The  Company’s  non-employee 
directors received their last grant of fully-vested shares of the Company’s common stock pursuant to the prior program on the date of the 
2017  annual  general  meeting  of  stockholders  (AGM).  The  grant  date  fair  value  for  the  fully-vested  shares  of  the  Company’s  common 
stock  granted  to  the  Company’s  non-employee  directors  at  May  9,  2017  was  $1.2  million.  Pursuant  to  the  Company’s  new  director 
compensation policy, commencing May 2017, the Company’s non-employee directors receive RSUs as payment of 50% of their annual 
base retainer, which RSUs vest in one installment on the earlier of the date of the next AGM or the first anniversary of the grant date, in 

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each  case  subject  to  the  grantee’s  continued  service  as  a  non-employee  director  on  the  vesting  date.  The  RSUs  granted  to  the 
Company’s non-employee directors entitle the grantee to receive dividend equivalents in the form of additional RSUs subject to the same 
vesting conditions as the underlying RSUs. The grant date fair value for the RSUs granted to the Company’s non-employee directors at 
May 9, 2017 was $1.0 million.

The  source  of  the  shares  issued  upon  vesting  of  awards  is  generally  from  treasury  shares.  The  Stock  Incentive  Plan  provides  for  the 
issuance of up to 9,585,055 common shares for awards. At December 31, 2017, 6,438,452 of these shares have been issued for awards 
which  includes  29,234  shares  of  common  stock  issued  to  non-executive  directors  in  satisfaction  of  all  or  a  portion  of  his  or  her  annual 
base retainer for service on the Board. Included within the RSUs granted in 2017 are 9,297 RSUs issued to non-executive directors in 
satisfaction of all or a portion of his or her annual base retainer for service on the Board.

During 2015 and earlier, the awards were given in the form of stock options (SOs) and RSUs. All SOs were granted for 10-year terms, 
had  an  exercise  price  equal  to  the  fair  value  of  the  share  at  the  date  of  grant,  and  became  exercisable  after  one  year  of  continued 
employment following the grant date. The average grant date fair values of SOs were calculated using the Black-Scholes valuation model. 
The Company used historical exercise data for determining the expected life assumption. Expected volatility was based on historical and 
implied volatility. The table below includes the assumptions for all awards issued:

SOs
Risk-free interest rate
Dividend yield 1)
Expected life in years
Expected volatility

PSs and RSUs
Dividend yield 2)

2017

2016

2015

—     
—     
—     
—     

— 
— 
— 
— 

1.1%
2.3%
3.4 
24.0%

—     

2.2%   

—  

1)
2)

The dividend yield assumption is used for both SOs and the RSUs granted in 2015.
Dividend equivalent rights applied to LTI program starting 2017.

The total stock (RSUs, PSs and SOs) compensation cost recognized in the Consolidated Statements of Net Income for 2017, 2016 and 
2015  was  $8.5  million,  $11.1  million  and  $8.2  million,  respectively.  The  total  compensation  cost  related  to  non-vested  awards  not  yet 
recognized  is  $14.8  million  for  RSUs  and  PSs  and  the  weighted  average  period  over  which  this  cost  is  expected  to  be  recognized  is 
approximately 1.9 years. There are no remaining unrecognized compensation costs associated with stock options.

Information on the number of RSUs, PSs and SOs related to the Stock Incentive Plan during the period of 2015 to 2017 is as follows.

RSUs
Weighted average fair value at grant date

2017

2016

2015

  $

105.64    $

100.77    $

105.87 

Outstanding at beginning of year
Granted
Shares issued
Cancelled/Forfeited/Expired
Outstanding at end of year

188,494     
84,771     
(70,795)    
(14,060)    
188,410     

204,552     
71,870     
(66,651)    
(21,277)    
188,494     

198,285 
74,908 
(58,186)
(10,455)
204,552  

The grant date fair values for RSUs granted in 2014, 2013 and 2012 (vested in 2017, 2016 and 2015) were $5.7 million, $5.9 million and 
$4.5 million, respectively. The aggregate intrinsic value for RSUs outstanding at December 31, 2017 was $23.9 million.

PSs
Weighted average fair value at grant date

2017

2016

2015

  $

105.87    $

98.57   

Outstanding at beginning of year
Change in performance conditions
Granted
Shares issued
Cancelled/Forfeited/Expired
Outstanding at end of year

138,548     
(69,274)    
75,379     
—     
(4,762)    
139,891     

—   
—   
143,740   
—   
(5,192)  
138,548   

N/A

N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A

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The PSs granted include assumptions regarding the ultimate number of shares that will be issued based on the probability of achievement 
of the performance conditions. Changes in those assumptions result in changes in the estimated shares to be issued which is reflected in 
the “Change in performance conditions” line above. The aggregate intrinsic value for PSs outstanding at December 31, 2017 was $16.7 
million.

SOs
Outstanding at Dec 31, 2014
Granted
Exercised
Cancelled/Forfeited/Expired
Outstanding at Dec 31, 2015
Granted
Exercised
Cancelled/Forfeited/Expired
Outstanding at Dec 31, 2016
Granted
Exercised
Cancelled/Forfeited/Expired
Outstanding at Dec 31, 2017

OPTIONS EXERCISABLE
At December 31, 2015
At December 31, 2016
At December 31, 2017

Number

of options    

Weighted
average
exercise
price

538,825    $
187,996     
(244,182)   
(9,588)   
473,051    $
—     
(51,084)   
(10,858)   
411,109    $
—     
(100,184)   
(10,976)   
299,949    $

70.38 
113.51 
68.82 
92.70 
87.88 
— 
88.10 
102.31 
87.47 
— 
79.58 
112.20 
89.20 

290,487    $
254,842    $
299,949    $

71.76 
71.48 
89.20  

The following summarizes information about SOs outstanding and exercisable at December 31, 2017:

RANGE OF EXERCISE PRICES
$16.31 – $19.96
$44.70 – $49.60
$51.67 – $59.01
$67.00 – $69.18
$72.95 – $94.87
$113.36 – $126.46

RANGE OF EXERCISE PRICES
$16.31 – $19.96
$44.70 – $49.60
$51.67 – $59.01
$67.00 – $69.18
$72.95 – $94.87
$113.36 – $126.46

Number

outstanding    

Remaining
contract life
(in years)

Weighted
average
exercise
price

13,744     
17,125     
6,875     
51,450     
87,474     
123,281     
299,949     

1.14    $
2.14    $
0.14    $
4.76    $
5.55    $
7.13    $
5.54    $

16.31 
44.70 
51.67 
68.35 
90.52 
113.36 
89.20  

Number

exercisable    

Remaining
contract life
(in years)

Weighted
average
exercise
price

13,744     
17,125     
6,875     
51,450     
87,474     
123,281     
299,949     

1.14    $
2.14    $
0.14    $
4.76    $
5.55    $
7.13    $
5.54    $

16.31 
44.70 
51.67 
68.35 
90.52 
113.36 
89.20  

The total aggregate intrinsic value, which is the difference between the exercise price and $127.08 (closing price per share at December 
31, 2017), for all “in the money” SOs, both outstanding and exercisable as of December 31, 2017, was $11.3 million. The average grant 
date fair value of SOs granted during 2015 was estimated at $16.72 per share.

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16. Contingent Liabilities

LEGAL PROCEEDINGS

Various claims, lawsuits and proceedings are pending or threatened against the Company or its subsidiaries, covering a range of matters 
that  arise  in  the  ordinary  course  of  its  business  activities  with  respect  to  commercial,  product  liability  and  other  matters.  Litigation  is 
subject to many uncertainties, and the outcome of any litigation cannot be assured. After discussions with counsel, and with the exception 
of losses resulting from the antitrust proceedings described below, it is the opinion of management that the various legal proceedings and 
investigations to which the Company currently is a party will not have a material adverse impact on the consolidated financial position of 
Autoliv, but the Company cannot provide assurance that Autoliv will not experience material litigation, product liability or other losses in 
the future.

In October 2014, one of the Company’s Brazilian subsidiaries received a notice of deficiency from the state tax authorities from the state 
of  São  Paulo,  Brazil  which,  primarily,  alleged  violations  of  ICMS  (VAT)  payments  and  improper  warehousing  documentation.  The 
aggregate assessment for all alleged violations was R$80.9 million (approximately $24.3 million), inclusive of fines, penalties and interest. 
The  Company  believes  the  full  amount  assessed  is  baseless  and  that  it  has  reasonable  legal  and  factual  defenses  to  the  assessment 
and, consequently, plans to defend its interests vigorously. However, the Company believes that a loss is probable with respect to at least 
a portion of the assessed amount and has accrued an amount in 2015, which amount remains accrued as of December 31, 2017, that 
was not material to the Company’s results of operations. The Company cannot predict or estimate the duration or ultimate outcome of this 
matter.

In March 2015, the Company was informed of an investigation being conducted in Turkey by the Directorate of Kocaeli Customs Custody, 
Smuggling  and  Enquiry  into  the  Company’s  import  and  customs  payment  structure  and  the  associated  import  taxes  and  fees  for  the 
period of 2006–2012. The Company cannot predict the duration, scope or ultimate outcome of this investigation and is unable to estimate 
the financial impact it may have, or predict the reporting periods in which any such financial impacts may be recorded. Consequently, the 
Company has made no provision for any expenses as of December 31, 2017 with respect to this investigation.

ANTITRUST MATTERS

Authorities  in  several  jurisdictions  are  currently  or  have  been  conducting  broad,  and  in  some  cases,  long-running  investigations  of 
suspected anti-competitive behavior among parts suppliers in the global automotive vehicle industry. These investigations include, but are 
not limited to, segments in which the Company operates. In addition to concluded and pending matters, authorities of other countries with 
significant  light  vehicle  manufacturing  or  sales  may  initiate  similar  investigations.  It  is  the  Company’s  policy  to  cooperate  with 
governmental investigations.

On  June  7-9,  2011,  representatives  of  the  European  Commission  (“EC”),  the  European  antitrust  authority,  visited  two  facilities  of  a 
Company  subsidiary  in  Germany  to  gather  information  for  an  investigation  of  anti-competitive  behavior  among  suppliers  of  occupant 
safety systems. 

On November 22, 2017, the EC concluded a discrete portion of its investigation and imposed a fine on the Company of EUR 8.1 million 
(approximately $9.7 million) with respect to this portion of the EC’s overall investigation while it continues the more significant portion of its 
investigation. The Company accrued EUR 8.3 million (approximately $9.9 million) in the third quarter of 2017 with respect to this discrete 
portion of the investigation, which also remains accrued as of December 31, 2017.

Management does not believe the outcome of this discrete portion of the EC’s investigation as noted above provides an indication of the 
total probable loss associated with the EC investigation as a whole. The Company remains unable to estimate the financial impact of what 
the Company believes to be the substantially more significant, continuing portion of the investigation or predict the reporting periods in 
which such financial impact may be recorded. Consequently, the Company has not recorded a provision for loss as of December 31, 2017 
other than as noted above for the discrete portion of the investigation. However, management believes it is probable that the Company’s 
operating  results  and  cash  flows  will  be  materially  adversely  impacted  for  the  reporting  periods  in  which  the  continuing  portion  of  the 
investigation is resolved or becomes estimable. 

In  August  2014,  the  Competition  Commission  of  South  Africa  (the  “CCSA”)  contacted  the  Company  regarding  an  investigation  into  the 
Company’s sales of occupant safety systems in South Africa. In September 2017, the Company entered into a settlement agreement with 
the  CCSA  in  which  the  Company  agreed  to  pay  an  administrative  penalty  of  R150  million  (approximately  $12  million),  which  the 
Competition Tribunal in South Africa confirmed on November 22, 2017. The Company had previously accrued a total of approximately $6 
million  as  of  year-end  2016  and  $5  million  in  the  third  quarter  of  2017  for  this  matter,  and  has  accrued  an  additional  amount  of 
approximately $1 million in the fourth quarter of 2017 with respect to the settlement. As of December 31, 2017, the total accrual for this 
matter amounts to R150 million (approximately $12 million), and this amount was paid during February 2018.

On July 6, 2015, the Company learned that the General Superintendence of the Administrative Council for Economic Defense (“CADE”) in 
Brazil  had  initiated  an  investigation  of  an  alleged  cartel  involving  sales  in  Brazil  of  seatbelts,  airbags,  and  steering  wheels  by  the 
Company’s Brazilian subsidiary and the Brazilian subsidiary of a competitor. In November 2016, the Company and the CADE entered into 
a settlement agreement with respect to this matter for an amount that is not material to the Company’s results of operations. Settlement 
amounts were accrued for this matter during the periods ended December 31, 2015 and December 31, 2016, and final payment of the 
accrued amounts was made in the first quarter of 2017. 

89

The  Company  is  also  subject  to  civil  litigation  alleging  anti-competitive  conduct  in  the  U.S.  and  Canada.  Specifically,  the  Company, 
several of its subsidiaries and its competitors were named as defendants in a total of nineteen purported antitrust class action lawsuits 
filed between June 2012 and June 2015. Fifteen of these lawsuits were filed in the U.S. and were consolidated in the Occupant Safety 
Systems  (OSS)  segment  of  the  Automobile  Parts  Antitrust  Litigation,  a  Multi-District  Litigation  (MDL)  proceeding  in  the  United  States 
District  Court  for  the  Eastern  District  of  Michigan.  Plaintiffs  in  the  U.S.  cases  sought  to  represent  four  purported  classes  -  direct 
purchasers,  auto  dealers,  end-payors,  and,  as  of  the  filing  of  the  last  class  action  in  June  2015,  truck  and  equipment  dealers  -  who 
purchased  occupant  safety  systems  or  components  directly  from  a  defendant,  indirectly  through  purchases  or  leases  of  new  vehicles 
containing such systems, or through purchases of replacement parts.

In May 2014, the Company, without admitting any liability, entered into separate settlement agreements with representatives of the three 
classes of plaintiffs then pending in the MDL. Pursuant to the settlement agreements, the Company agreed to pay $40 million to the direct 
purchaser settlement class, $6 million to the auto dealer settlement class, and $19 million to the end-payor settlement class, for a total of 
$65 million. This amount was expensed during the second quarter of 2014. In exchange, the plaintiffs agreed that the plaintiffs and the 
settlement classes would release Autoliv from all claims regarding their U.S. purchases that were or could have been asserted on behalf 
of the three classes in the MDL. In January 2015, the MDL court granted final approval of the direct purchaser class settlement, which had 
been reduced to approximately $35.5 million because of opt-outs; in December 2015, the MDL court granted final approval of the auto 
dealer class settlement; and in June 2016, the MDL court granted final approval of the end-payor class settlement, over the objections of 
several individual class members, some of whom appealed the MDL court’s approval of the Company’s end-payor settlement and several 
other  defendants’  settlements  that  were  approved  at  the  same  time.  These  appeals  were  voluntarily  dismissed,  and  the  MDL  court’s 
approval of the Company’s settlement with the end-payor class became final as of the last such dismissal, on September 20, 2017. In 
addition,  several  individuals  and  one  insurer  (and  its  affiliated  entities)  opted-out  of  the  end-payor  class  settlements,  including  the 
Company’s settlement. The class settlements do not resolve any claims of settlement class members who opt-out of the settlements or 
the unasserted claims of any purchasers of occupant safety systems who are not otherwise included in a settlement class, such as states 
and municipalities.

In September 2016, the insurer (and its affiliated entities) that opted out of the end-payor class settlement filed an antitrust lawsuit in the 
United  States  District  Court  for  the  Eastern  District  of  Michigan,  the  venue  for  the  MDL,  against  the  Company  and  the  other  settling 
defendants  in  the  end-payor  class  settlements.  The  defendants’  motion  to  dismiss  the  complaint  on  various  grounds  is  pending.  The 
Company cannot predict or estimate the duration or ultimate outcome of this matter.

In March 2015, the Company, without admitting any liability, reached agreements regarding additional settlements to resolve certain direct 
purchasers’ global (including U.S.) or non-U.S. antitrust claims that were not covered by the direct purchaser class settlement described 
above. The total amount of these additional settlements was $81 million. Autoliv expensed during the first quarter of 2015 approximately 
$77 million as a result of these additional settlements, net of existing amounts that had been accrued in 2014.

In  April  2016,  the  Company  entered  into  a  settlement  agreement  with  the  truck  and  equipment  dealers  class  for  an  amount  that  is  not 
material  to  the  Company’s  results  of  operations.  In  November  2016,  the  MDL  court  granted  final  approval  of  the  settlement  and  on 
February 3, 2017, the MDL court entered a final judgment dismissing the case against the Company.

The remaining four antitrust class action lawsuits are pending in Canada (Sheridan Chevrolet Cadillac Ltd. et al. v. Autoliv, Inc. et al., filed 
in the Ontario Superior Court of Justice on January 18, 2013; M. Serge Asselin v. Autoliv, Inc. et al., filed in the Superior Court of Quebec 
on March 14, 2013; Ewert v. Autoliv, Inc. et al., filed in the Supreme Court of British Columbia on July 18, 2013; and Cindy Retallick and 
Jagjeet  Singh  Rajput  v.  Autoliv  ASP,  Inc.  et  al.,  filed  in  the  Queen’s  Bench  of  the  Judicial  Center  of  Regina  in  the  province  of 
Saskatchewan on May 14, 2014). The Canadian cases assert claims on behalf of putative classes of both direct and indirect purchasers 
of occupant safety systems. In February 2017, the Company entered into a settlement agreement with plaintiffs in three of the four class 
actions  to  settle  on  a  nationwide  class  basis  for  an  amount  that  is  not  material  to  the  Company’s  results  of  operations.  The  Company 
accrued  amounts  for  the  period  ended  December 31,  2016  in  connection  with  these  claims.  The  settlement  has  received  the  required 
court approvals and is final, with amounts being paid in 2017. This national settlement includes the claims of the putative members of the 
fourth class action.

PRODUCT WARRANTY, RECALLS AND INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY

Autoliv is exposed to various claims for damages and compensation if its products fail to perform as expected. Such claims can be made, 
and result in costs and other losses to the Company, even where the product is eventually found to have functioned properly. Where a 
product (actually or allegedly) fails to perform as expected or is defective, the Company may face warranty and recall claims. Where such 
(actual or alleged) failure or defect results, or is alleged to result, in bodily injury and/or property damage, the Company may also face 
product liability and other claims. There can be no assurance that the Company will not experience material warranty, recall or product (or 
other)  liability  claims  or  losses  in  the  future,  or  that  the  Company  will  not  incur  significant  costs  to  defend  against  such  claims.  The 
Company  may  be  required  to  participate  in  a  recall  involving  its  products.  Each  vehicle  manufacturer  has  its  own  practices  regarding 
product  recalls  and  other  product  liability  actions  relating  to  its  suppliers.  As  suppliers  become  more  integrally  involved  in  the  vehicle 
design process and assume more of the vehicle assembly functions, vehicle manufacturers are increasingly looking to their suppliers for 
contribution when faced with recalls and product liability claims. Government safety regulators may also play a role in warranty and recall 
practices. A warranty, recall or product-liability claim brought against the Company in excess of its insurance may have a material adverse 
effect on the Company’s business. Vehicle manufacturers are also increasingly requiring their outside suppliers to guarantee or warrant 
their products and bear the costs of repair and replacement of such products under new vehicle warranties. A vehicle manufacturer may 
attempt to hold the Company responsible for some, or all, of the repair or replacement costs of products when the product supplied did 
not perform as represented by us or expected by the customer. Accordingly, the future costs of warranty claims by the customers may be 

90

material.  However,  the  Company  believes  its  established  reserves  are  adequate.  Autoliv’s  warranty  reserves  are  based  upon  the 
Company’s best estimates of amounts necessary to settle future and existing claims. The Company regularly evaluates the adequacy of 
these  reserves,  and  adjusts  them  when  appropriate.  However,  the  final  amounts  actually  due  related  to  these  matters  could  differ 
materially from the Company’s recorded estimates.

In  addition,  as  vehicle  manufacturers  increasingly  use  global  platforms  and  procedures,  quality  performance  evaluations  are  also 
conducted on a global basis. Any one or more quality, warranty or other recall issue(s) (including those affecting few units and/or having a 
small financial impact) may cause a vehicle manufacturer to implement measures such as a temporary or prolonged suspension of new 
orders, which may have a material impact on the Company’s results of operations.

The Company carries insurance for potential recall and product liability claims at coverage levels based on our prior claims experience. 
Autoliv cannot assure that the level of coverage will be sufficient to cover every possible claim that can arise in our businesses, now or in 
the future, or that such coverage always will be available should we, now or in the future, wish to extend, increase or otherwise adjust our 
insurance.

On  June  29,  2016,  the  Company  announced  that  it  is  cooperating  with  Toyota  Motor  Corp.  in  its  recall  of  approximately  1.4  million 
vehicles equipped with a certain model of the Company’s side curtain airbag (the “Toyota Recall”). Toyota has informed the Company that 
there  have  been  eight  reported  incidents  where  a  side  curtain  airbag  has  partially  inflated  without  a  deployment  signal  from  the  airbag 
control unit. The incidents have all occurred in parked, unoccupied vehicles and no personal injuries have been reported. The root cause 
analysis  of  the  issue  is  ongoing.  However,  at  this  point  in  time  the  Company  believes  that  a  compromised  manufacturing  process  at  a 
sub-supplier may be a contributing factor and, as no incidents have been reported in vehicles produced by other OEMs with the same 
inflator  produced  during  the  same  period  as  those  recalled  by  Toyota,  that  vehicle-specific  characteristics  may  also  contribute  to  the 
issue. The sub-supplier’s manufacturing process was changed in January 2012, and the vehicles now recalled by Toyota represent more 
than half of all inflators of the relevant type manufactured before the sub-supplier process was changed.

The Company determined pursuant to ASC 450 that a loss with respect to this issue is reasonably possible. If the Company is obligated 
to  indemnify  Toyota  for  the  costs  associated  with  the  Toyota  Recall,  the  Company  expects  that  its  insurance  will  generally  cover  such 
costs  and  liabilities  and  estimates  that  the  Company’s  loss,  net  of  expected  insurance  recoveries,  would  be  less  than  $20  million. 
However,  the  ultimate  costs  of  the  Toyota  Recall  could  be  materially  different.  The  main  variables  affecting  the  ultimate  cost  for  the 
Company are: the determination of proportionate responsibility (if any) among Toyota, the Company, and any relevant sub-suppliers; the 
ultimate  number  of  vehicles  repaired;  the  cost  of  repair  per  vehicle;  and  the  actual  recoveries  from  sub-suppliers  and  insurers.  The 
Company’s  insurance  policies  generally  include  coverage  of  the  costs  of  a  recall,  although  costs  related  to  replacement  parts  are 
generally not covered.

In its products, the Company utilizes technologies which may be subject to intellectual property rights of third parties. While the Company 
does seek to procure the necessary rights to utilize intellectual property rights associated with its products, it may fail to do so. Where the 
Company  so  fails,  the  Company  may  be  exposed  to  material  claims  from  the  owners  of  such  rights.  Where  the  Company  has  sold 
products which infringe upon such rights, its customers may be entitled to be indemnified by the Company for the claims they suffer as a 
result thereof. Such claims could be material.

The  table  in  Note  11  Product  Related  Liabilities  above  summarizes  the  change  in  the  balance  sheet  position  of  the  product  related 
liabilities for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2017.

17. Lease Commitments

OPERATING LEASES

The  Company  leases  certain  offices,  manufacturing  and  research  buildings,  machinery,  automobiles,  data  processing  and  other 
equipment  under  operating  lease  contracts.  The  operating  leases,  some  of  which  are  non-cancellable  and  include  renewals,  expire  at 
various  dates  through  2045.  The  Company  pays  most  maintenance,  insurance  and  tax  expenses  relating  to  leased  assets.  Rental 
expense for operating leases was $52.8 million, $46.9 million and $40.9 million for 2017, 2016 and 2015, respectively.

At December 31, 2017, future minimum lease payments for non-cancellable operating leases totaled $152.4 million and are payable as 
follows (in millions): 2018: $47.8; 2019: $32.1; 2020: $24.1; 2021: $14.1; 2022: $11.1; 2023 and thereafter: $23.2.

BUILD-TO-SUIT LEASES

The  Company  has  entered  into  “build-to-suit”  lease  arrangements,  in  addition  to  the  operating  leases  above,  for  certain  manufacturing 
and research buildings. The Company will be deemed the owner of the buildings for accounting purposes during the construction period 
due to the terms of the arrangements.

At December 31, 2017, future minimum lease payments for non-cancellable build-to-suit lease obligations totaled $77.7 million and are 
payable as follows (in millions): 2018: $0.6; 2019: $4.5; 2020: $4.6; 2021: $4.7; 2022: $4.8; 2023 and thereafter: $58.5.

91

CAPITAL LEASES

The  Company  leases  certain  property,  plant  and  equipment  under  capital  lease  contracts.  The  capital  leases  expire  at  various  dates 
through 2021.

At  December  31,  2017,  future  minimum  lease  payments  for  non-cancellable  capital  leases  totaled  $11.8  million  and  are  payable  as 
follows (in millions): 2018: $0.8; 2019: $0.7; 2020: $0.6; 2021: $9.7; 2022: $0.0; 2023 and thereafter: $0.0.

18. Retirement Plans

DEFINED CONTRIBUTION PLANS

Many  of  the  Company’s  employees  are  covered  by  government  sponsored  pension  and  welfare  programs.  Under  the  terms  of  these 
programs, the Company makes periodic payments to various government agencies. In addition, in some countries the Company sponsors 
or  participates  in  certain  non-governmental  defined  contribution  plans.  Contributions  to  defined  contribution  plans  for  the  years  ended 
December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015 were $22.2 million, $21.3 million and $19.9 million, respectively.

MULTIEMPLOYER PLANS

The  Company  participates  in  multiemployer  plans  in  Sweden,  Canada,  Spain,  the  Netherlands  and  Japan  which  are  all  deemed 
insignificant. The largest of these plans is in Sweden, the ITP-2 pension plan, which is funded through Alecta. For employees born before 
1979, the plan provides a final pay pension benefit based on all service with participating employers. The Company must pay for wage 
increases in excess of inflation on service earned with previous employers. The plan also provides disability and family benefits. The plan 
is more than 100% funded. The Company contributions to the multiemployer plan in Sweden for the years ended December 31, 2017, 
2016 and 2015 were $9.7 million, $4.4 million and $2.2 million, respectively.

DEFINED BENEFIT PLANS

The  Company  has  a  number  of  defined  benefit  pension  plans,  both  contributory  and  non-contributory,  in  the  U.S.,  Canada,  Germany, 
France, Japan, Mexico, Sweden, South Korea, India, Turkey, Thailand, Philippines and the United Kingdom. There are funded as well as 
unfunded plan arrangements which provide retirement benefits to both U.S. and non-U.S. participants.

The  main  plan  is  the  U.S.  plan  for  which  the  benefits  are  based  on  an  average  of  the  employee’s  earnings  in  the  years  preceding 
retirement  and  on  credited  service.  In  a  prior  year,  the  Company  closed  participation  in  the  Autoliv  ASP,  Inc.  Pension  Plan  to  exclude 
those employees hired after December 31, 2003. Within the U.S. there is also a non-qualified restoration plan that provides benefits to 
employees whose benefits in the primary U.S. plan are restricted by limitations on the compensation that can be considered in calculating 
their benefits. During December 2017 the Company decided to amend the U.S. defined pension plan, communicating a benefits freeze 
that will begin on December 31, 2021. There were no curtailment expenses due to U.S. plan freeze. The curtailment caused a decrease in 
the projected benefit obligation (PBO) of $62 million as of December 31, 2017, with the offset recorded to OCI. 

For  the  Company’s  non-U.S.  defined  benefit  plans  the  most  significant  individual  plan  resides  in  the  U.K.  The  Company  has  closed 
participation in the U.K. defined benefit plan to exclude all employees hired after April 30, 2003 with few members accruing benefits.

92

CHANGES IN BENEFIT OBLIGATIONS AND PLAN ASSETS FOR THE PERIODS ENDED DECEMBER 31

Benefit obligation at beginning of year
Service cost
Interest cost
Actuarial (gain) loss due to:
Change in discount rate
Experience
Other assumption changes
Plan participants’ contributions
Plan amendments
Benefits paid
Curtailments
Special termination benefits
Acquisition
Other
Translation difference
Benefit obligation at end of year

Fair value of plan assets at beginning of year
Actual return on plan assets
Company contributions
Plan participants’ contributions
Benefits paid
Settlements
Acquisition
Other
Translation difference
Fair value of plan assets at year end
Funded status recognized in the balance sheet

U.S.

Non-U.S.

2017

2016

2017

2016

361.2    $
9.0     
14.8     

53.4     
(2.0)    
4.2     
—     
—     
(9.8)    
(62.2)    
—     
—     
—     
—     
368.6    $

256.5    $
44.5     
6.7     
—     
(9.8)    
—     
—     
—     
—     
297.9    $
(70.7)   $

 $

324.6 
8.3 
14.6 

25.9 
5.9 
(6.5)
— 
— 
(11.6)
— 
— 
— 
— 
— 
361.2 

240.0 
21.3 
6.8 
— 
(11.6)
— 
— 
— 
— 
256.5 
(104.7)

 $

 $

 $
 $

260.6    $
15.5     
6.9     

7.2     
(4.4)    
1.1     
0.1     
0.0     
(9.0)    
(2.7)    
0.3     
0.5     
(0.3)    
24.1     
299.9    $

127.8    $
5.4     
11.9     
0.1     
(9.0)    
(2.7)    
0.6     
(0.3)    
10.9     
144.7    $
(155.2)   $

215.8 
14.9 
7.0 

21.4 
(2.0)
0.5 
0.1 
2.1 
(8.7)
(6.9)
0.1 
35.3 
(0.3)
(18.7)
260.6 

103.4 
12.1 
9.8 
0.1 
(8.7)
(0.6)
25.9 
(0.3)
(13.9)
127.8 
(132.8)

  $

  $

  $

  $
  $

The U.S. plan provides that benefits may be paid in the form of a lump sum if so elected by the participant. In order to more accurately 
reflect a market-derived pension obligation, Autoliv adjusts the assumed lump sum interest rate to reflect market conditions as of each 
December 31. This methodology is consistent with the approach required under the Pension Protection Act of 2006, which provides the 
rules for determining minimum funding requirements in the U.S.

COMPONENTS OF NET PERIODIC BENEFIT COST ASSOCIATED WITH THE DEFINED BENEFIT RETIREMENT PLANS

Service cost
Interest cost
Expected return on plan assets
Amortization of prior service credit
Amortization of actuarial loss
Curtailment loss (gain)
Net periodic benefit cost

2017

U.S.
2016

2015

  $

  $

9.0    $
14.8     
(17.6)    
0.0     
6.0     
0.2     
12.4    $

8.3    $
14.6     
(16.6)    
(0.9)    
4.8     
—     
10.2    $

9.9 
14.4 
(17.5)
(1.0)
7.7 
— 
13.5  

93

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
   
  
   
  
   
      
  
  
      
  
   
  
   
  
   
  
   
  
   
  
   
  
   
  
   
  
   
  
   
  
   
  
 
   
      
  
  
      
  
   
  
   
  
   
  
   
  
   
  
   
  
   
  
   
  
 
 
 
 
 
   
   
 
   
   
   
   
   
COMPONENTS  OF  NET  PERIODIC  BENEFIT  COST  ASSOCIATED  WITH  THE  DEFINED  BENEFIT  RETIREMENT  PLANS 
(CONTINUED)

Service cost
Interest cost
Expected return on plan assets
Amortization of prior service costs
Amortization of actuarial loss
Settlement loss (gain)
Curtailment loss (gain)
Special termination benefits
Net periodic benefit cost

2017

Non-U.S.
2016

2015

  $

  $

15.5    $
6.9     
(3.8)    
0.5     
2.1     
0.0     
—     
0.3     
21.5    $

14.9    $
7.0     
(3.9)    
0.4     
1.5     
(2.5)    
0.1     
0.1     
17.6    $

14.4 
7.0 
(3.8)
0.3 
3.1 
0.0 
0.0 
0.1 
21.1  

The estimated prior service credit for the U.S. defined benefit pension plans that will be amortized from other comprehensive income into 
net  benefit  cost  over  the  next  fiscal  year  is  immaterial.  Amortization  of  net  actuarial  losses  is  expected  to  be  $1.9  million  in  2018.  Net 
periodic benefit cost associated with these U.S. plans was $12.4 million in 2017 and is expected to be approximately $3.1 million in 2018. 
The estimated prior service cost and net actuarial loss for the non-U.S. defined benefit pension plans that will be amortized from other 
comprehensive income into net benefit cost over the next fiscal year are $0.5 million and $1.6 million, respectively. Net periodic benefit 
cost associated with these non-U.S. plans was $21.5 million in 2017 and is expected to be around $21.8 million in 2018. The amortization 
of the net actuarial loss is made over the estimated remaining service lives of the plan participants, 10 years for U.S. and 7-20 years for 
non-U.S. participants, varying between the different countries depending on the age of the work force.

COMPONENTS OF ACCUMULATED OTHER COMPREHENSIVE INCOME BEFORE TAX AS OF DECEMBER 31

Net actuarial loss (gain)
Prior service cost (credit)
Total accumulated other comprehensive income
   recognized in the balance sheet

U.S.

Non-U.S.

2017

2016

2017

2016

  $

56.2    $
0.1     

95.6    $
0.3     

39.1    $
3.7     

35.7 
3.8 

  $

56.3    $

95.9    $

42.8    $

39.5  

CHANGES IN ACCUMULATED OTHER COMPREHENSIVE INCOME BEFORE TAX FOR THE PERIODS ENDED DECEMBER 31

Total retirement benefit recognized in accumulated
   other comprehensive income at beginning of year
Net actuarial loss (gain)
Prior service cost
Amortization of prior service credit (cost)
Amortization of actuarial loss
Translation difference
Total retirement benefit recognized in accumulated
   other comprehensive income at end of year

U.S.

Non-U.S.

2017

2016

2017

2016

  $

95.9    $
(33.4)    
—     
(0.2)    
(6.0)    
—     

79.3    $
20.5     
—     
0.9     
(4.8)    
—     

39.5    $
2.1     
0.0     
(0.5)    
(2.1)    
3.8     

34.2 
7.8 
2.1 
(0.6)
(1.9)
(2.1)

  $

56.3    $

95.9    $

42.8    $

39.5  

The accumulated benefit obligation for the U.S. non-contributory defined benefit pension plans was $336.9 million and $292.4 million at 
December  31,  2017  and  2016,  respectively.  The  accumulated  benefit  obligation  for  the  non-U.S.  defined  benefit  pension  plans  was 
$241.7 million and $220.3 million at December 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively.

Pension plans for which the accumulated benefit obligation (ABO) is notably in excess of the plan assets reside in the following countries: 
U.S., France, Germany, Japan, South Korea and Sweden.

PENSION PLANS FOR WHICH ABO EXCEEDS THE FAIR VALUE OF PLAN ASSETS AS OF DECEMBER 31

Projected Benefit Obligation (PBO)
Accumulated Benefit Obligation (ABO)
Fair value of plan assets

U.S.

Non-U.S.

2017

2016

2017

2016

 $
 $
 $

368.6    $
336.9    $
297.9    $

361.2    $
292.4    $
256.5    $

185.5    $
147.1    $
29.6    $

185.7 
152.5 
54.9  

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The  Company,  in  consultation  with  its  actuarial  advisors,  determines  certain  key  assumptions  to  be  used  in  calculating  the  projected 
benefit obligation and annual net periodic benefit cost.

ASSUMPTIONS USED TO DETERMINE THE BENEFIT OBLIGATIONS AS OF DECEMBER 31

% WEIGHTED AVERAGE
Discount rate
Rate of increases in compensation level

U.S.

2017

2016

3.55     
2.65     

4.15   
2.65   

Non-U.S.1)

2017
0.25-3.60 
2.00-5.00 

2016
0.50-3.90
2.00-5.00

ASSUMPTIONS USED TO DETERMINE THE NET PERIODIC BENEFIT COST FOR YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31

% WEIGHTED AVERAGE
Discount rate
Rate of increases in compensation level
Expected long-term rate of return on assets

% WEIGHTED AVERAGE
Discount rate
Rate of increases in compensation level
Expected long-term rate of return on assets

2017

4.15     
2.65     
7.08     

U.S.
2016

4.50     
2.65     
7.08     

2017
0.50-3.90 
2.00-5.00 
1.50-6.00 

Non-U.S.1)
2016
0.50-4.10 
2.25-5.00 
1.50-6.15 

2015

4.00 
3.50 
7.08  

2015
0.50-4.00
2.25-5.00
2.60-6.15

1)

The Non-U.S. weighted average plan ranges in the tables above have been prepared using significant plans only, which in total represent around 
90% of the total Non-U.S. projected benefit obligation.

The discount rate for the U.S. plans has been set based on the rates of return on high-quality fixed-income investments currently available 
at the measurement date and expected to be available during the period the benefits will be paid. The expected timing of cash flows from 
the plan has also been considered in selecting the discount rate. In particular, the yields on bonds rated AA or better on the measurement 
date have been used to set the discount rate. The discount rate for the U.K. plan has been set based on the weighted average yields on 
long-term high-grade corporate bonds and is determined by reference to financial markets on the measurement date.

The expected rate of increase in compensation levels and long-term rate of return on plan assets are determined based on a number of 
factors  and  must  take  into  account  long-term  expectations  and  reflect  the  financial  environment  in  the  respective  local  market.  The 
expected return on assets for the U.S. and U.K. plans are based on the fair value of the assets as of December 31.

The level of equity exposure is currently targeted at approximately 55% for the primary U.S. plan. The investment objective is to provide 
an attractive risk-adjusted return that will ensure the payment of benefits while protecting against the risk of substantial investment losses. 
Correlations among the asset classes are used to identify an asset mix that Autoliv believes will provide the most attractive returns. Long-
term  return  forecasts  for  each  asset  class  using  historical  data  and  other  qualitative  considerations  to  adjust  for  projected  economic 
forecasts are used to set the expected rate of return for the entire portfolio. The Company has assumed a long-term rate of return on the 
U.S. plan assets of 7.08% for calculating the 2017 expense and 7.08% for calculating the 2018 expense.

The Company has assumed a long-term rate of return on the non-U.S. plan assets in a range of 1.50-6.00% for 2017. The closed U.K. 
plan which has a targeted and actual allocation of almost 100% debt instruments accounts for approximately 46% of the total non-U.S. 
plan assets.

Autoliv made contributions to the U.S. plan during 2017 and 2016 amounting to $6.7 million and $6.8 million, respectively. Contributions to 
the  U.K.  plan  during  2017  and  2016  amounted  to  $1.2  million  and  $1.2  million,  respectively.  The  Company  expects  to  contribute  $6.9 
million to its U.S. pension plan in 2018 and is currently projecting a yearly funding at approximately the same level in the years thereafter. 
For the UK plan, which is the most significant non-U.S. pension plan, the Company expects to contribute $1.3 million in 2018 and in the 
years thereafter.

FAIR VALUE OF TOTAL PLAN ASSETS FOR YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31

ASSETS CATEGORY IN % WEIGHTED AVERAGE
Equity securities
Debt instruments
Other assets
Total

U.S.
Target

U.S.

Non-U.S.

allocation    

2017

2016

2017

2016

55     
45     
—     
100     

56     
43     
1     
100     

56     
43     
1     
100     

17     
51     
32     
100     

14 
52 
34 
100  

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The following table summarizes the fair value of the Company’s U.S. and non-U.S. defined benefit pension plan assets:

Assets
U.S. Equity

Large Cap
Non-U.S. Equity

Non-U.S. Bonds
Corporate
Aggregate
Insurance Contracts

Other Investments
Assets at fair value Level 2
Investments measured at net asset value (NAV):

Common collective trusts

Total

Fair value
measurement at
December 31,
2017

Fair value
measurement at
December 31,
2016

  $

  $

15.7   $
8.1    

67.0    
7.3    
38.8    
11.0    
147.9    

294.7    
442.6   $

5.0 
13.2 

60.4 
5.9 
36.7 
9.8 
131.0 

253.3 
384.3  

The fair value measurement level within the fair value hierarchy (see note 3) is based on the lowest level of any input that is significant to 
the fair value measurement. Certain assets that are measured at fair value using the NAV per share (or its equivalent) practical expedient 
have not been classified in the fair value hierarchy. Plan assets not measured using the NAV are classified as Level 2 in the table above. 
Plan assets measured using the NAV mainly relate to the U.S. defined benefit pension plans and are separately disclosed as Common 
collective trusts below the level 2 assets in the table above. 

The  estimated  future  benefit  payments  for  the  pension  benefits  reflect  expected  future  service,  as  appropriate.  The  amount  of  benefit 
payments in a given year may vary from the projected amount, especially for the U.S. plan since historically this plan pays the majority of 
benefits as a lump sum, where the lump sum amounts vary with market interest rates.

PENSION BENEFITS EXPECTED PAYMENTS
2018
2019
2020
2021
2022
Years 2023-2027

U.S.

Non-U.S.

  $
  $
  $
  $
  $
  $

17.5   $
18.6   $
20.3   $
23.6   $
26.0   $
149.0   $

9.7 
11.5 
11.7 
12.7 
12.6 
80.4  

POSTRETIREMENT BENEFITS OTHER THAN PENSIONS

The Company currently provides postretirement health care and life insurance benefits to most of its U.S. retirees. Such benefits in other 
countries are included in the tables below, but are not significant.

In general, the terms of the plans provide that U.S. employees who retire after attaining age 55, with 15 years of service (5 years before 
December 31, 2006), are reimbursed for qualified medical expenses up to a maximum annual amount. Spouses for certain retirees are 
also eligible for reimbursement under the plan. Life insurance coverage is available for those who elect coverage under the retiree health 
plan.  During  2014,  the  plan  was  amended  to  move  from  a  self-insured  model  where  employees  were  charged  an  estimated  premium 
based  on  anticipated  plan  expenses  for  continued  coverage,  to  a  plan  where  retirees  are  provided  a  fixed  contribution  to  a  Health 
Retirement Account (HRA). Retirees can use the HRA funds to purchase insurance through a private exchange. Employees hired on or 
after January 1, 2004 are not eligible to participate in the plan.

The Company has reviewed the impact of the Medicare Prescription Drug, Improvement and Modernization Act of 2003 (Medicare Part D) 
on its financial statements. Although the Plan may currently qualify for a subsidy from Medicare, the amount of the subsidy is so small that 
the  expenses  incurred  to  file  for  the  subsidy  may  exceed  the  subsidy  itself.  Therefore,  the  impact  of  any  subsidy  is  ignored  in  the 
calculations as Autoliv will not be filing for any reimbursement from Medicare.

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CHANGES IN BENEFIT OBLIGATIONS AND PLAN ASSETS FOR POSTRETIREMENT BENEFIT PLANS OTHER THAN PENSIONS 
AS OF DECEMBER 31

Benefit obligation at beginning of year
Service cost
Interest cost
Actuarial (gain) loss due to:
Change in discount rate
Experience
Other assumption changes

Plan amendments
Benefits paid
Other
Benefit obligation at end of year
Fair value of plan assets at beginning of year
Company contributions
Benefits paid
Fair value of plan assets at end of year
Accrued postretirement benefit cost recognized
   in the balance sheet

2017

2016

2015

18.5    $
0.4     
0.7     

1.6     
(0.9)    
—     
0.1     
(0.2)    
0.9     
21.1    $
—    $
0.2     
(0.2)    
—    $

19.3    $
0.4     
0.8     

0.7     
(0.1)    
(2.9)    
0.2     
(0.3)    
0.4     
18.5    $
—    $
0.3     
(0.3)    
—    $

21.0 
0.5 
0.8 

(1.2)
(0.9)
(0.9)
0.0 
(0.2)
0.2 
19.3 
— 
0.2 
(0.2)
— 

21.1    $

18.5    $

19.3  

  $

  $
  $

  $

  $

The liability for postretirement benefits other than pensions is classified as other non-current liabilities in the balance sheet.

COMPONENTS OF NET PERIODIC BENEFIT COST ASSOCIATED WITH THE POST RETIREMENT BENEFIT PLANS OTHER THAN 
PENSIONS

PERIOD ENDED DECEMBER 31
Service cost
Interest cost
Amortization of prior service cost
Amortization of actuarial loss
Net periodic benefit (credit) cost

2017

2016

2015

  $

  $

0.4    $
0.7     
(2.3)    
(0.5)    
(1.7)   $

0.4    $
0.8     
(2.1)    
(0.1)    
(1.0)   $

0.5 
0.8 
(2.2)
(0.1)
(1.0)

COMPONENTS  OF  ACCUMULATED  OTHER  COMPREHENSIVE  INCOME  BEFORE  TAX  ASSOCIATED  WITH  POSTRETIREMENT 
BENEFIT PLANS OTHER THAN PENSIONS AS OF DECEMBER 31

Net actuarial loss (gain)
Prior service cost (credit)
Total accumulated other comprehensive income
   recognized in the balance sheet

U.S.

Non-U.S.

2017

2016

2017

2016

  $

(3.7)   $
(10.6)    

(4.8)   $
(12.8)    

1.5    $
(0.4)    

  $

(14.3)   $

(17.6)   $

1.1    $

(1.5)
0.2 

(1.3)

For  measuring  end-of-year  obligations  at  December  31,  2016,  health  care  trends  are  not  needed  due  to  the  fixed-cost  nature  of  the 
benefits provided in 2014 and beyond. After 2014, all retirees receive a fixed dollar subsidy toward the cost of their health benefits. This 
individual retiree subsidy will not increase in future years.

The weighted average discount rate used to determine the U.S. postretirement benefit obligation was 3.75% in 2017 and 4.40% in 2016. 
The average discount rate used in determining the postretirement benefit cost was 4.40% in 2017, 4.65% in 2016 and 4.20% in 2015.

A one percentage point increase or decrease in the annual health care cost trend rates would have had no impact on the Company’s net 
benefit cost for the current period or on the accumulated postretirement benefit obligation at December 31, 2017. This is due to the fixed-
dollar nature of the benefits provided under the postretirement benefit plan.

The  estimated  net  gain  and  prior  service  credit  for  the  postretirement  benefit  plans  that  will  be  amortized  from  other  comprehensive 
income into net benefit cost over the next fiscal year are approximately $(2.5) million combined.

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The estimated future benefit payments for the postretirement benefits reflect expected future service as appropriate.

POSTRETIREMENT BENEFITS
2018
2019
2020
2021
2022
Years 2023–2027

19. Segment Information

EXPECTED 
PAYMENTS  
0.5 
0.6 
0.6 
0.7 
0.8 
4.5  

$
$
$
$
$
$

The  Company  has  two  operating  segments,  Passive  Safety  and  Electronics.  Passive  Safety  includes  Autoliv’s  airbag  and  seatbelt 
products  and  components,  while  Electronics  combines  all  of  Autoliv’s  electronics  resources  and  expertise  in  restraint  control  systems, 
brake control systems and active safety. The operating results of the operating segments are regularly reviewed by the Company’s chief 
operating  decision  maker  to  assess  the  performance  of  the  individual  operating  segments  and  make  decisions  about  resources  to  be 
allocated to the operating segments.

NET SALES, INCLUDING INTERSEGMENT SALES
Passive Safety
Electronics
Total segment sales
Corporate and other
Intersegment sales
Total net sales

INCOME BEFORE INCOME TAXES
Passive Safety
Electronics1)
Segment operating income
Corporate and other
Interest and other non-operating expenses, net
Income from equity method investments
Income before income taxes

2017

2016

2015

8,134.6    $
2,322.2     
10,456.8     
3.1     
(77.3)    
10,382.6    $

7,918.8    $
2,215.6     
10,134.4     
5.8     
(66.6)    
10,073.6    $

7,621.2 
1,588.7 
9,209.9 
14.7 
(55.0)
9,169.6  

2017

2016

2015

833.4    $
(180.2)    
653.2     
(47.9)    
(69.8)    
(29.0)    
506.5    $

817.7    $
61.5     
879.2     
(31.5)    
(46.5)    
2.6     
803.8    $

669.2 
64.5 
733.7 
(5.9)
(56.8)
4.7 
675.7  

  $

  $

  $

  $

1)

Goodwill impairment charge reduced income before income taxes by $234 million in 2017.

CAPITAL EXPENDITURES
Passive Safety
Electronics
Corporate and other
Total capital expenditures

DEPRECIATION AND AMORTIZATION
Passive Safety
Electronics
Corporate and other
Total depreciation and amortization

SEGMENT ASSETS
Passive Safety
Electronics1)
Segment assets
Corporate and other 2)
Total assets

2017

2016

2015

465.2    $
109.6     
5.3     
580.1    $

394.7    $
100.9     
11.2     
506.8    $

405.6 
53.2 
7.0 
465.8  

2017

2016

2015

302.7    $
112.6     
10.5     
425.8    $

278.5    $
96.1     
8.4     
383.0    $

264.5 
49.3 
5.3 
319.1  

  $

  $

  $

  $

2017

2016

  $

  $

  $

6,114.2   $
1,588.4    
7,702.6   $
847.3    
8,549.9   $

5,637.0 
1,715.5 
7,352.5 
881.9 
8,234.4  

1)
2)

Goodwill impairment charge reduced segment assets by $234 million in 2017.
Corporate and other assets mainly consist of cash and cash equivalents, income taxes and equity method investments.

98

 
   
   
 
   
   
   
   
 
   
   
 
   
   
   
   
   
 
   
   
 
   
   
 
   
   
 
   
   
 
   
 
   
   
The  Company’s  customers  consist  of  all  major  European,  U.S.  and  Asian  automobile  manufacturers.  Sales  to  individual  customers 
representing 10% or more of net sales were:

In 2017: Renault 13% (including Nissan and Mitsubishi), Ford 10%, Honda 10% and Hyundai/Kia 10%.

In 2016: Renault 11% (including Nissan), Ford 11% and Hyundai/Kia 11%.

In 2015: GM 12% (including Opel, etc.), Ford 12% and Renault 10% (including Nissan).

NET SALES BY REGION
Asia
Whereof: China

Japan
Rest of Asia

Americas
Europe
Total

2017

2016

2015

  $

  $

3,845.0    $
1,839.0     
1,040.8     
965.2     
3,247.4     
3,290.2     
10,382.6    $

3,617.4    $
1,766.2     
949.7     
901.5     
3,380.4     
3,075.8     
10,073.6    $

3,077.4 
1,523.7 
668.0 
885.7 
3,264.8 
2,827.4 
9,169.6  

The Company has attributed net sales to the geographic area based on the location of the entity selling the final product.

External  sales  in  the  U.S.  amounted  to  $2,501  million,  $2,694  million  and  $2,469  million  in  2017,  2016  and  2015,  respectively.  Of  the 
external  sales,  exports  from  the  U.S.  to  other  regions  amounted  to  approximately  $521  million,  $645  million  and  $527  million  in  2017, 
2016 and 2015, respectively.

NET SALES BY PRODUCT
Airbag Products1)
Seatbelt Products1)
Restraint Control Systems
Active Safety
Brake Control Systems
Total net sales

3)

Including Corporate and other sales.

LONG-LIVED ASSETS
Asia
Whereof: China

Japan
Rest of Asia

Americas
Europe
Total

2017

2016

2015

  $

  $

5,342.3    $
2,793.6     
997.3     
776.6     
472.8     
10,382.6    $

5,255.8    $
2,665.2     
1,031.0     
738.6     
383.0     
10,073.6    $

5,036.2 
2,599.1 
923.2 
611.1 
— 
9,169.6  

2017

2016

  $

  $

1,281   $
665    
380    
236    
1,978    
1,086    
4,345   $

1,147 
556 
376 
215 
2,206 
741 
4,094  

Long-lived assets in the U.S. amounted to $1,951 million and $2,018 million for 2017 and 2016, respectively. For 2017, $1,541 million (2016, 
$1,678 million) of the long-lived assets in the U.S. refers to intangible assets, principally from acquisition goodwill.

99

 
   
   
 
   
   
   
   
   
 
   
   
 
   
   
   
   
 
   
 
   
   
   
   
   
20. Earnings Per Share

The computation of basic and diluted EPS under the two-class method were as follows:

Numerator:

Basic and diluted:

Net income attributable to controlling interest
Participating share awards with dividend equivalent rights
Net income available to common shareholders
Earnings allocated to participating share awards 1)
Net income attributable to common shareholders

 $

 $

Denominator: 1)

Basic: Weighted average common stock
Add: Weighted average stock options/share awards
Diluted:

Basic EPS
Diluted EPS

  $
  $

2017

2016

2015

427.1 
0.0 
427.1 
0.0 
427.1 

 $

 $

87.5     
0.2     
87.7     

4.88    $
4.87    $

567.1   $
—    
567.1    
—    
567.1   $

88.2     
0.2     
88.4     

6.43    $
6.42    $

456.8 
— 
456.8 
— 
456.8 

88.2 
0.2 
88.4 

5.18 
5.17  

1)

The  Company’s  unvested  RSUs  and  PSs,  of  which  some  included  the  right  to  receive  non-forfeitable  dividend  equivalents,  are  considered 
participating securities. Calculations of EPS under the two-class method exclude from the numerator any dividends paid or owed on participating 
securities  and  any  undistributed  earnings  considered  to  be  attributable  to  participating  securities.  The  related  participating  securities  are  similarly 
excluded from the denominator.

There  were  approximately  0.1  million  antidilutive  shares  outstanding  for  the  year  ended  December  31,  2017,  approximately  0.2  million 
antidilutive shares outstanding for the year ended December 31, 2016 and 2 thousand antidilutive shares outstanding for the year ended 
December 31, 2015.

21. Subsequent Events

There were no reportable events subsequent to December 31, 2017.

22. Quarterly Financial Data (unaudited)

2017
Net sales
Gross profit
Income before taxes
Net income
Net income attributable to controlling interest
Earnings per share
– basic
– diluted
Dividends paid

2016
Net sales
Gross profit
Income before taxes
Net income
Net income attributable to controlling interest
Earnings per share
– basic
– diluted
Dividends paid

Q1
2,608.1    $
542.5     
194.4     
142.1     
143.9     

Q2
2,544.9    $
535.5     
190.2     
128.3     
129.8     

Q3
2,500.4    $
504.3     
132.5     
88.2     
90.8     

1.63    $
1.62    $
0.58    $

1.48    $
1.47    $
0.60    $

1.04    $
1.04    $
0.60    $

Q1
2,430.0    $
501.0     
190.3     
133.5     
133.2     

Q2
2,578.5    $
526.5     
200.4     
148.4     
148.4     

Q3
2,461.3    $
495.3     
185.1     
135.5     
137.8     

Q4
2,729.2 
566.7 
(10.6)
(55.6)
62.6 

0.72 
0.72 
0.60  

Q4
2,603.8 
534.2 
228.0 
144.2 
147.7 

1.51    $
1.51    $
0.56    $

1.68    $
1.68    $
0.58    $

1.56    $
1.56    $
0.58    $

1.67 
1.67 
0.58  

  $

  $
  $
  $

  $

  $
  $
  $

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Quarterly movements

In the fourth quarter of 2017, income before taxes was negatively impacted by the Company recognizing an impairment charge of the full 
goodwill  amount  of  $234.2  million  related  to  the  joint  venture  Autoliv  Nissin  Brake  Systems  (ANBS),  which  was  due  to  a  lower  than 
originally  anticipated  sales development.   Net  income  attributable  to  controlling  interest  was  primarily  impacted  by  our  share  of  the 
goodwill impairment charge as the majority holder of ANBS amounting to $100 million net of tax.

EXCHANGE RATES FOR KEY CURRENCIES VS. U.S.

EUR
CNY
JPY/1000
KRW/1000
MXN
SEK
BRL

2015

2016

2015

2016

2017

2017

2013  
  Average     Year end     Average     Year end     Average     Year end     Average     Year end     Average     Year end  
1.328      1.374 
1.218     
0.161     
0.162      0.165 
8.367      10.256      9.494 
0.914      0.949 
0.913     
0.078      0.077 
0.068     
0.153      0.154 
0.128     
0.463      0.427  
0.370     

1.094     
0.154     
8.303     
0.854     
0.058     
0.120     
0.259     

1.327     
0.162     
9.452     
0.950     
0.075     
0.146     
0.426     

1.052     
0.144     
8.544     
0.832     
0.048     
0.110     
0.307     

1.110     
0.159     
8.261     
0.885     
0.063     
0.119     
0.306     

1.106     
0.150     
9.222     
0.863     
0.053     
0.117     
0.289     

1.129     
0.148     
8.916     
0.885     
0.053     
0.117     
0.313     

1.196     
0.154     
8.878     
0.937     
0.051     
0.121     
0.302     

2013

2014

2014

Item 9. Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure

There have been no changes to and no disagreements with our independent auditors regarding accounting or financial disclosure matters 
in our two most recent fiscal years.

Item 9A. Controls and Procedures

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

An evaluation has been carried out by the Company’s management, under the supervision and with the participation of the Company’s 
Chief  Executive  Officer  and  Chief  Financial  Officer,  of  the  effectiveness  of  the  design  and  operation  of  our  disclosure  controls  and 
procedures  (as  such  term  is  defined  in  Rules  13a-15(e)  and  15d-15(e)  under  the  Securities  Exchange  Act  of  1934,  as  amended  (the 
“Exchange Act”)) as of the end of the period covered by this report. Based on such evaluation, the Company’s Chief Executive Officer and 
Chief  Financial  Officer  have  concluded  that,  as  of  the  end  of  such  period,  the  Company’s  disclosure  controls  and  procedures  are 
effective.

Internal Control over Financial Reporting

(a) Management’s Annual Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

Management of the Company is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting.

Internal control over financial reporting is defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Exchange Act as a process designed by, or 
under  the  supervision  of,  the  Company’s  principal  executive  and  principal  financial  officers  and  effected  by  the  Company’s  board  of 
directors,  management  and  other  personnel  to  provide  reasonable  assurance  regarding  the  reliability  of  financial  reporting  and  the 
preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles and includes those 
policies and procedures that:

•

•

•

pertain to the maintenance of records that in reasonable detail accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the 
assets of the Company;

provide  reasonable  assurance  that  transactions  are  recorded  as  necessary  to  permit  preparation  of  financial  statements  in 
accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the Company are being made only 
in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the Company; and

provide  reasonable  assurance  regarding  prevention  or  timely  detection  of  unauthorized  acquisition,  use  or  disposition  of  the 
Company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.

Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Projections of any 
evaluation  of  effectiveness  to  future  periods  are  subject  to  the  risks  that  controls  may  become  inadequate  because  of  changes  in 
conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.

Management  assessed  the  effectiveness  of  Autoliv’s  internal  control  over  financial  reporting  as  of  December  31,  2017.  In  making  this 
assessment,  we  used  the  criteria  set  forth  by  the  Committee  of  Sponsoring  Organizations  of  the  Treadway  Commission  (COSO)  in 
Internal Control – Integrated Framework (2013 framework).

Based on our assessment, we believe that, as of December 31, 2017, the Company’s internal control over financial reporting is effective.

101

 
 
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
 
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
(b) Attestation Report of the Registered Public Accounting Firm

Ernst & Young AB has issued an attestation report on the Company’s internal control over financial reporting, which is included herein as 
the Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm under Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data for the year 
ended December 31, 2017.

(c) Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting

During fiscal year 2017, we made changes to our internal controls as part of our efforts to adopt the new revenue recognition standard, 
ASC 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers. These included the development of new policies, new training and ongoing contract 
review  requirements.  As  we  continue  the  implementation  process,  we  expect  that  there  may  be  additional  changes  in  internal  controls 
over financial reporting. However, there have not been any other changes in the Company’s internal control over financial reporting (as 
such term is defined in Rules 13a-15 (f) and 15d-15(f) under the Exchange Act) during the quarter ended December 31, 2017 that have 
materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company’s internal control over financial reporting.

ITEM 9B. Other Information

None.

Item 10. Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance

The  information  required  by  Item  10  regarding  executive  officers,  directors  and  nominees  for  election  as  directors  of  Autoliv,  Autoliv’s 
Audit Committee, Autoliv’s code of ethics, and compliance with Section 16(A) of the Securities Exchange Act is incorporated herein by 
reference from the information under the captions “Executive Officers of the Company” and “Item 1: Election of Directors”, “Committees of 
the  Board”  and  “Audit  Committee  Report”,  “Corporate  Governance  Guidelines  and  Codes  of  Conduct  and  Ethics”,  and  “Section  16(a) 
Beneficial  Ownership  Reporting  Compliance”,  respectively,  in  the  Company’s  2018  Proxy  Statement.  Information  on  Board  meeting 
attendance is provided under the caption “Board Meetings” in the 2018 Proxy Statement and incorporated herein by reference.

Item 11. Executive Compensation

The  information  required  by  Item  11  regarding  executive  compensation  for  the  year  ended  December  31,  2017  is  included  under  the 
captions “Compensation Discussion and Analysis” and “Executive Compensation” in the 2018 Proxy Statement and is incorporated herein 
by reference. The information required by the same item regarding Leadership Development and Compensation Committee is included in 
the sections “Compensation Committee Interlocks and Insider Participation” and “Leadership Development and Compensation Committee 
Report” in the 2018 Proxy Statement and is incorporated herein by reference.

Item 12. Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters

The  information  required  by  Item  12  regarding  beneficial  ownership  of  Autoliv’s  common  stock  is  included  under  the  caption  “Security 
Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management” in the 2018 Proxy Statement and is incorporated herein by reference.

Shares Previously Authorized for Issuance Under the 1997 Stock Incentive Plan

The following table provides information as of December 31, 2017, about the common stock that may be issued under the Autoliv, Inc. 
Stock Incentive Plan. The Company does not have any equity compensation plans that have not been approved by its stockholders.

Plan Category
Equity compensation plans approved
   by security holders (1)
Equity compensation plans not
   approved by security holders
Total

(a) Number of
Securities to
be issued upon
exercise of
outstanding options,
warrants and rights   

(b) Weighted- 
average
exercise price of 
outstanding options, 
warrants and
rights(2)

(c) Number of
securities remaining 
available for future 
issuance under equity 
compensation plans 
(excluding securities 
reflected in column (a))(3) 

628,250  $

—   
628,250  $

89.20   

—   
89.20   

3,146,603 

— 
3,146,603  

(1)

(2)
(3)

Autoliv,  Inc.  Stock  Incentive  Plan,  as  amended  and  restated  on  May  6,  2009,  as  amended  by  Amendment  No.  1  dated  December  17,  2010  and 
Amendment No. 2 dated May 8, 2012.
Excludes restricted stock units and performance shares which convert to shares of common stock for no consideration.
All such shares are available for issuance pursuant to grants of full-value stock awards.

102

 
  
  
  
  
Item 13. Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence

In  2017,  no  transactions  took  place  that  the  Company  deemed  to  require  disclosure  under  Item  13.  Further  information  regarding  the 
Company’s policy and procedures concerning related party transactions is included under the caption “Related Person Transactions” in 
the 2018 Proxy Statement and is incorporated herein by reference. Information regarding director independence can be found under the 
caption “Board Independence” in the 2018 Proxy Statement and is incorporated herein by reference.

Item 14. Principal Accounting Fees and Services

The  information  required  by  Item  9(e)  of  Schedule  14A  regarding  principal  accounting  fees  and  the  information  required  by  Item  14 
regarding the pre-approval process of accounting services provided to Autoliv is included under the caption “Ratification of Appointment of 
Independent Auditors” in the 2018 Proxy Statement and is incorporated herein by reference.

103

Item 15. Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules 

(a)

(1)

Documents Filed as Part of this Report 

Financial Statements 

(i)

(ii)

Consolidated Statements of Net Income – Years ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015; 

Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income – Years ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015; 

(iii) Consolidated Balance Sheets – as of December 31, 2017 and 2016; 

(iv) Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows – Years ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015; 

(v)

Consolidated Statements of Total Equity – as of December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015; 

(vi) Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements; and 

(vii) Reports of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm. 

(2)

Financial Statement Schedules 

All of the schedules specified under Regulation S-X to be provided by Autoliv have been omitted either because they are not applicable, 
they are not required, or the information required is included in the financial statements or notes thereto. 

(3)

Exhibits 

Exhibit
No.

    2.1

    3.1

    3.2

    4.1

    4.2

    4.3

    4.4

  10.1+

  10.2+

  10.3+

  10.4+

  10.5+

Description

Stock Purchase Agreement, dated as of July 16, 2015, by and among Autoliv ASP Inc., M/A-COM Technology Solutions Inc., 
M/A-COM Auto Solutions Inc. and, for the limited purposes specified  therein, M/A-COM Technology  Solutions Holdings,  Inc., 
incorporated  herein  by  reference  to  Exhibit  2.1  to  the  Current  Report  on  Form  8-K  (File  No.  001-12933,  filing  date  July  17, 
2015).

Autoliv’s Restated Certificate of Incorporation, as amended, incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Quarterly 
Report on Form 10-Q (File No. 001-12933, filing date April 22, 2015).

Autoliv’s Third Restated By-Laws, incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 
001-12933, filing date December 18, 2015).

Indenture, dated March 30, 2009, between Autoliv, Inc. and U.S. Bank National Association, as trustee, incorporated herein by 
reference to Exhibit 4.1 to Autoliv’s Registration Statement on Form 8-A (File No. 001-12933, filing date March 30, 2009).

Second Supplemental Indenture (including Form of Global Note), dated March 15, 2012, between Autoliv, Inc. and U.S. Bank 
National Association, as trustee, incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to the Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 
001-12933, filing date March 15, 2012).

Form  of  Note  Purchase  and  Guaranty  Agreement  dated  April  23,  2014,  among  Autoliv  ASP,  Inc.,  Autoliv,  Inc.  and  the 
purchasers named therein, incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 4.6 to the Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q (File No. 001-
12933, filing date April 25, 2014).

General Terms and Conditions  for Swedish Depository Receipts in  Autoliv, Inc.  representing common  shares  in  Autoliv,  Inc., 
effective as of March 23, 2016, with Skandinaviska Enskilda Banken AB (publ) serving as a custodian, incorporated herein by 
reference to Exhibit 4.4 to the Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q (File No. 001-12933, filing date April 29, 2016).

Form of Employment Agreement between Autoliv, Inc. and certain of its executive officers, incorporated herein by reference to 
Exhibit 10.4 to the Annual Report on Form 10-K/A (File No. 001-12933, filing date July 2, 2002).

Form  of  Supplementary  Agreement  to  the  Employment  Agreement  between  Autoliv,  Inc.  and  certain  of  its  executive  officers, 
incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.5 to the Annual Report on Form 10-K/A (File No. 001-12933, filing date July 2, 
2002).

Form of Severance Agreement between Autoliv, Inc. and certain of its executive officers, incorporated herein by reference to 
Exhibit 10.7 to the Annual Report on Form 10-K/A (File No. 001-12933, filing date July 2, 2002).

Form of Amendment to Employment Agreement between Autoliv, Inc. and certain of its executive officers – notice, incorporated 
herein by reference to Exhibit 10.9 to the Annual Report on Form 10-K (File No. 001-12933, filing date March 14, 2003).

Form of Supplementary Agreement to Employment Agreement between Autoliv, Inc. and certain of its executive officers – 
pension, incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.10 to the Annual Report on Form 10-K (File No. 001-12933, filing date 
March 14, 2003).

  10.6+

Form of Pension Agreement between Autoliv, Inc. and certain of its executive officers – additional pension, incorporated herein 
by reference to Exhibit 10.11 to the Annual Report on Form 10-K (File No. 001-12933, filing date March 14, 2003).

104

Exhibit
No.

  10.7+

  10.8+

  10.9+

  10.10

  10.11

Description

Employment Agreement, dated March 31, 2007, between Autoliv, Inc. and Mr. Jan Carlson, incorporated herein by reference to 
Exhibit 10.13 to the Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q (File No. 001-12933, filing date October 25, 2007).

Retirement Benefits Agreement, dated August 14, 2007, between Autoliv AB and Mr. Jan Carlson, incorporated herein by reference to 
Exhibit 10.14 to the Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q (File No. 001-12933, filing date October 25, 2007).

Autoliv, Inc. 1997 Stock Incentive Plan, as amended and restated on May 6, 2009, incorporated herein by reference to 
Appendix A of the Definitive Proxy Statement of Autoliv, Inc. on Schedule 14A (filing date March 23, 2009).

Revolving Credit Facility Agreement, dated June 21, 2010, between Autoliv AB, Autoliv, Inc., and Nordea Bank AB (publ), 
incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.21 to the Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q (File No. 001-12933, filing date July 23, 
2010).

Facility Agreement, dated June 21, 2010, among Autoliv, Inc., Autoliv AB, Swedish Export Credit Corporation, National Export 
Credits Guarantee Board and Skandinaviska Enskilda Banken AB (publ), incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.22 to 
the Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q (File No. 001-12933, filing date July 23, 2010).

  10.12+ Amendment No. 1 to the Autoliv, Inc. 1997 Stock Incentive Plan as amended and restated on May 6, 2009, dated December 
17, 2010, incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.24 to the Annual Report on Form 10-K (File No. 001-12933, filing date 
February 23, 2011).

  10.13+ Form of Amendment to Employment Agreement between Autoliv, Inc. and certain of its executive officers – pension, 

incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.26 to the Annual Report on Form 10-K (File No. 001-12933, filing date February 
23, 2012).

  10.14+ Form of Amendment to Employment Agreement between Autoliv, Inc. and certain of its executive officers – non-equity incentive 

award, incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.27 to the Annual Report on Form 10-K (File No. 001-12933, filing date 
February 23, 2012).

  10.15+ Amendment, dated December 19, 2011, to Employment Agreement, dated March 31, 2007, between Autoliv, Inc. and Mr. Jan 
Carlson (pension), incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.28 to the Annual Report on Form 10-K (File No. 001-12933, 
filing date February 23, 2012).

  10.16

Remarketing Agreement, dated as of February 9, 2012, incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 1.1 to the Current Report on 
Form 8-K (File No. 001-12933, filing date March 15, 2012).

  10.17+ Amendment No. 2 to the Autoliv, Inc. 1997 Stock Incentive Plan, as amended and restated on May 6, 2009, dated May 8, 2012, 
incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.29 to the Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q (File No. 001-12933, filing date July 20, 
2012).

  10.18+ Amendment, dated January 18, 2013 to Employment Agreement, dated March 31, 2007, between Autoliv, Inc. and Mr. Jan 

Carlson – additional pension, dated January 18, 2013, incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.33 to the Annual Report 
on Form 10-K (File No. 001-12933, filing date February 22, 2013).

  10.19+ Form of Employment Agreement between Autoliv, Inc. and certain of its executive officers (with Change-in-Control Severance 
Agreement), incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.34 to the Annual Report on Form 10-K (File No. 001-12933, filing 
date February 22, 2013).

  10.20+ Form of Employment Agreement between Autoliv, Inc. and certain of its executive officers (without Change-in-Control 

Severance Agreement), incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.35 to the Annual Report on Form 10-K (File No. 001-
12933, filing date February 22, 2013).

  10.21+ Form of Change-in-Control Severance Agreement between Autoliv, Inc. and certain of its executive officers, incorporated herein 
by reference to Exhibit 10.36 to the Annual Report on Form 10-K (File No. 001-12933, filing date February 22, 2013).

  10.22

Form of Indemnification Agreement between Autoliv, Inc. and its directors and certain of its executive officers, incorporated 
herein by reference to Exhibit 99.i to the Annual Report on Form 10-K (File No. 001-12933, filing date February 24, 2009).

  10.23† Finance Contract, dated July 16, 2013, among European Investment Bank, Autoliv AB (publ) and Autoliv, Inc., incorporated 
herein by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q (File No. 001-12933, filing date October 24, 2013).

  10.24 Guarantee Agreement, dated July 16, 2013, between European Investment Bank and Autoliv, Inc., incorporated herein by reference 

to Exhibit 10.12 to the Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q (File No. 001-12933, filing date October 24, 2013).

  10.25

Form of Note Purchase and Guaranty Agreement, dated April 23, 2014, among Autoliv ASP, Inc., Autoliv, Inc. and the 
purchasers named therein, incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 4.6 to the Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q (File No. 001-
12933, filing date April 25, 2014).

  10.26+ Form of Supplement to Employment Agreement between Autoliv, Inc. and certain of its executive officers, dated August 13, 

2014 and effective as of September 1, 2014, incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Quarterly Report on Form 
10-Q (File No. 001-12933, filing date October 23, 2014).

105

Exhibit
No.

  10.27

  10.28

Description

Amendment, dated January 27, 2015, to the Finance Contract, dated July 16, 2013, among European Investment Bank, Autoliv 
AB (publ) and Autoliv, Inc., incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.36 to the Annual Report on Form 10- K (File No. 001-
12933, filing date February 19, 2015).

Consulting Agreement, dated as of July 16, 2015, by and between Autoliv ASP Inc. and M/A-COM Technology Solutions Inc., 
incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 001-12933, filing date July 17, 
2015).

  10.29+ International Assignment Agreement, dated as of August 27, 2015, by and among Autoliv ASP, Inc., Autoliv AB and Steven 
Fredin, incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 001-12933, filing date 
August 28, 2015).

  10.30+ Employment Agreement, dated August 20, 2015, between Autoliv, Inc. and Lars Sjöbring, incorporated herein by reference to 

Exhibit 10.38 to the Annual Report on Form 10-K (File No. 001-12933, filing date February 19, 2016).

  10.31+ Separation Agreement, dated November 20, 2015, between Autoliv, Inc. and Mats Wallin, incorporated herein by reference to 

Exhibit 10.39 to the Annual Report on Form 10-K (File No. 001-12933, filing date February 19, 2016).

  10.32 General Terms and Conditions for Swedish Depository Receipts in Autoliv, Inc. representing common shares in Autoliv, Inc., 
effective as of March 23, 2016, with Skandinaviska Enskilda Banken AB (publ) serving as custodian, incorporated herein by 
reference to Exhibit 4.4 to the Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q (File No. 001-12933, filing date April 29, 2016).

  10.33+ Form of performance shares award agreement to be used under the Autoliv, Inc. 1997 Stock Incentive Plan, as amended and 

restated, incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q (File No. 001-12933, filing date 
April 29, 2016).

  10.34+ Form of restricted stock units award agreement to be used under the Autoliv, Inc. 1997 Stock Incentive Plan, as amended and 
restated, incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q (File No. 001-12933, filing date 
April 29, 2016).

  10.35+ Employment Agreement, dated November 20, 2015, between Autoliv, Inc. and Mats Backman, incorporated herein by 
reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q (File No. 001-12933, filing date July 22, 2016).

  10.36+ Employment Agreement, dated December 15, 2015, between Autoliv, Inc. and Mikael Bratt, incorporated herein by reference to 

Exhibit 10.2 to the Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q (File No. 001-12933, filing date July 22, 2016).

  10.37

Facilities Agreement of $1,100,000,000, dated July 14, 2016, among Autoliv, Inc., Autoliv ASP, Inc., Autoliv AB, HSBC Bank 
PLC, Mizuho Bank, Ltd. and Investment Banking, Skandinaviska Enskilda Banken AB (publ), and the other parties and lenders 
named therein, incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q (File No. 001-12933, 
filing date October 27, 2016).

  10.38+ Mutual Separation Agreement, dated May 31, 2016 and effective as of May 18, 2016, between Autoliv, Inc. and Jonas Nilsson, 
incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q (File No. 001-12933, filing date October 
27, 2016).

  10.39+ Mutual Separation Agreement, dated September 30, 2016 and effective as of October 1, 2016, between Autoliv, Inc. and Frank 
Melzer, incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.3 to the Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q (File No. 001-12933, filing date 
October 27, 2016).

  10.40+ Supplement to Employment Agreement, dated October 3, 2016, between Autoliv, Inc. and Johan Löfvenholm, incorporated 
herein by reference to Exhibit 10.47 to the Annual Report on Form 10-K (File No. 001-12933, filing date February 23, 2017).

  10.41+ Supplement to Employment Agreement, dated October 3, 2016, between Autoliv, Inc. and Steve Fredin, incorporated herein by 

reference to Exhibit 10.48 to the Annual Report on Form 10-K (File No. 001-12933, filing date February 23, 2017).

  10.42+ Autoliv,  Inc.  Non-employee  Director  Compensation  Policy,  effective  January  1,  2017,  incorporated  herein  by  reference  to 

Exhibit 10.1 to the Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q (File No. 001-12933, filing date April 28, 2017).

  10.43+ Amendment No. 3 to the Autoliv, Inc. 1997 Stock Incentive Plan, as amended and restated, dated April 24, 2017, incorporated 
herein by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q (File No. 001-12933, filing date April 28, 2017).

  10.44+ Form of Non-Employee Director restricted stock unit award agreement to be used under the Autoliv, Inc. 1997 Stock Incentive 
Plan, as amended and restated, incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.3 to the Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q (File 
No. 001-12933, filing date April 28, 2017).

  10.45+ Form of Employee restricted stock unit award agreement (2017) to be used under the Autoliv, Inc. 1997 Stock Incentive Plan, 
as amended and restated, incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.4 to the Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q (File No. 001-
12933, filing date April 28, 2017).

  10.46+ Form of performance share award agreement (2017) to be used under the Autoliv, Inc. 1997 Stock Incentive Plan, as amended 
and restated, incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.5 to the Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q (File No. 001-12933, filing 
date April 28, 2017).

106

Exhibit
No.

Description

  11

Information concerning the calculation of Autoliv’s earnings per share is included in Note 1 of the Consolidated Notes to 
Financial Statements contained in the Annual Report and is incorporated herein by reference.

  12.1*

Ratio of Earnings to Fixed Charges.

  21*

  23*

  31.1*

  31.2*

  32.1*

  32.2*

101*

Autoliv’s List of Subsidiaries.

Consent of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm.

Certification of Chief Executive Officer, pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) promulgated under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as 
amended.

Certification of Chief Financial Officer, pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) promulgated under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as 
amended.

Certification of Chief Executive Officer, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to section 906 of the 
Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.

Certification of Chief Financial Officer, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to section 906 of the 
Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.

The following financial information from the Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2017, 
formatted in XBRL (Extensible Business Reporting Language) and filed electronically herewith: (i) the Consolidated Statements 
of Net Income; (ii) the Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income; (iii) the Consolidated Balance Sheets; (iv) the 
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows; (v) the Consolidated Statements of Total Equity; and (vi) the Notes to the 
Consolidated Financial Statements.

*

+

†

Filed herewith.

Management contract or compensatory plan.

Confidential treatment requested as to portions of the exhibit. Confidential materials omitted and filed separately with the Securities 
and Exchange Commission.

107

SIGNATURES

Pursuant  to the requirements  of Section  13 or 15(d) of the Securities  Exchange  Act of 1934, the registrant  has duly caused this report 
to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned,  thereunto duly authorized, as of February 22, 2018.

AUTOLIV,  INC.
(Registrant)

By /s/ Mats Backman
Mats Backman
Group Vice President and Chief Financial Officer

Pursuant  to the  requirements  of the  Securities  Exchange  Act  of 1934,  this  report  has  been  signed  below  by  the  following  persons  on 
behalf of the registrant and in the capacities indicated, as of February 22, 2018.

Title

Name

Chairman of the Board of Directors,
Chief Executive Officer and President (Principal Executive Officer)

/s/ Jan Carlson
Jan Carlson

Group Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
(Principal Financial and Principal Accounting  Officer)

/s/ Mats Backman
Mats Backman

Director 

Director 

Director 

Director 

Director 

Director 

Director 

Director 

/s/ Robert W. Alspaugh
Robert W. Alspaugh

/s/ Leif Johansson
Leif Johansson

/s/ David E. Kepler
David E. Kepler

/s/ Franz-Josef Kortüm
Franz-Josef  Kortüm

/s/ Xiaozhi Liu
Xiaozhi Liu

/s/ James M. Ringler
James M. Ringler

/s/ Kazuhiko Sakamoto
Kazuhiko Sakamoto

/s/ Wolfgang Ziebart
Wolfgang Ziebart

108

Glossary and Definitions

In this report, the following company or industry specific terms and abbreviations are used:

BCC

Best Cost Country

CAPITAL EMPLOYED

Total equity and net debt (net cash).

CAPITAL EXPENDITURES

Investments in property, plant and equipment.

CAPITAL TURN-OVER RATE

Annual sales in relation to average capital employed.

CPV

Content Per Vehicle, i.e. value of the safety products in a vehicle.

DAYS INVENTORY OUTSTANDING

Outstanding inventory relative to average daily sales.

DAYS RECEIVABLES OUTSTANDING

Outstanding receivables relative to average daily sales.

EARNINGS PER SHARE

Net income attributable to controlling interest relative to weighted average number of shares (net of treasury shares) assuming dilution 
and basic, respectively.

EBIT

Earnings before interest and taxes.

FREE CASH FLOW, NET

Cash flows from operating activities less capital expenditures, net.

GROSS MARGIN

Gross profit relative to sales.

HCC

High Cost Country

HEADCOUNT

Employees plus temporary, hourly personnel.

LEVERAGE RATIO

Debt per the Policy in relation to EBITDA per the Policy (Earnings Before Interest, Taxes, Depreciation and Amortization), see Non-U.S. 
GAAP Performance Measures in Item 7 for calculation of this non-U.S. GAAP measure.

LMPU

Labor minutes per produced unit.

109

LVP

Light vehicle production of light motor vehicles with a gross weight of up to 3.5 metric tons.

NET DEBT (CASH)

Short and long-term debt including debt-related derivatives less cash and cash equivalents, see Non-U.S. GAAP Performance Measures 
in Item 7 for reconciliation of this non-U.S. GAAP measure.

NET DEBT TO CAPITALIZATION

Net debt in relation to total equity (including non-controlling interest) and net debt.

NUMBER OF EMPLOYEES

Employees with a continuous employment agreement, recalculated to full time equivalent heads.

OEM

Original Equipment Manufacturer referring to customers assembling new vehicles.

OPERATING MARGIN

Operating income relative to sales.

OPERATING WORKING CAPITAL

Current assets excluding cash and cash equivalents less current liabilities excluding short-term debt. Any current derivatives reported in 
current assets and current liabilities related to net debt are excluded from operating working capital. See Non-U.S. GAAP Performance 
Measures in Item 7 for reconciliation of this non-U.S. GAAP measure.

OUR MARKET

Passive  Safety  and  Electronics.  Passive  safety  products  include  seatbelts,  airbags,  and  steering  wheels.  Electronics  provide  advanced 
active  safety  sensors  and  software  used  for  both  Advanced  Driver  Assistance  Systems  (“ADAS”)  and  Autonomous  Driving  (“AD”) 
solutions, Restraint Control Systems for deployment of airbags and seatbelt pretensioners, and Brake Control Systems.

PRETAX MARGIN

Income before taxes relative to sales.

RETURN ON CAPITAL EMPLOYED

Operating income and equity in earnings of affiliates, relative to average capital employed.

RETURN ON TOTAL EQUITY

Net income relative to average total equity.

ROA

Rest of Asia includes all Asian countries except China and Japan.

TOTAL EQUITY RATIO

Total equity relative to total assets.

110

Each year, Autoliv’s  
products save over  
30,000 lives

autoliv.com