Amcor Ltd. Annual Report 2023

Plain-text annual report

A strong foundation for long-term growth Annual Report 2023 Contents 1 Amcor Annual Report 2023Contents 1 Contents 2 A strong foundation for long-term growth We continue to deliver value through a combination of differentiated capabilities, innovative solutions and global reach, all of which is powered by top talent around the world. This solid framework, along with effective capital management and a focus on meeting the needs of our customers, is what enables us to consistently deliver for our stakeholders and remain committed to our long-term growth. Contents Message from the Chairman of the Board and the CEO Amcor at a glance Our strategy Sustainability and innovation Amcor fiscal 2023 operating review Form 10-K Other information 3 5 7 9 11 15-131 133 Reconciliation of non-GAAP measures 136 Contact 139 Amcor Annual Report 2023Welcome message 3 Message from the Chairman of the Board and the CEO Dear shareholders, Fiscal 2023 was a challenging year; it tested the resilience and adaptability that define Amcor and highlighted the dedication of our teams to our winning aspiration to be THE leading global packaging company. The hallmark of a strong company lies in its ability to navigate uncertainty while continuing to deliver value. Our fiscal 2023 year largely reflected the global economy, with strong first half performance offset by a challenging second half as market conditions softened considerably. Across the organization, we maintained our focus on delivering innovative packaging solutions while taking actions to navigate persistent headwinds caused by inflation, softening and more volatile consumer demand and destocking through the supply chain. Our efforts of course went well beyond the short-term performance as we continued building a stronger company with a bright future for our people and our stakeholders. Let us share some of our many accomplishments: - Safety has long been a core value at Amcor. From a statistical perspective, fiscal 2023 was our safest on record, with a 31% reduction in injuries globally and 69% of our sites remaining injury-free for at least 12 months. While we are pleased with these results, ultimately, it’s not just the number of injuries we’re focused on but also the severity of the injuries that do occur. Tragically, in June a contractor’s employee lost his life at our Pondicherry site in India after falling from a roof. We immediately initiated a detailed investigation and are deploying the learnings across all Amcor sites with the goal of eliminating the risk of similar accidents in the future. We are relentlessly focused on safety globally and this tragic incident is a stark reminder of the importance of those efforts. - Financially, organic sales were in-line with last year, reflecting the challenging market dynamics faced by the consumer and packaging industries broadly. However, our proactive and decisive cost and price actions to effectively manage the areas under our control resulted in a modest increase in profit for the year, as adjusted EBIT grew by 1% on a comparable constant currency basis, and we delivered solid adjusted free cash flow of $848 million. Through the year, we stepped up the intensity of our cost reduction efforts to drive productivity benefits, while investing in structural initiatives that we expect will increase operating leverage and deliver meaningful cost savings in fiscal 2024 and 2025. - We remained resolute in our commitment to shareholder returns, increasing our industry-leading dividend and repurchasing more than $400 million in Amcor shares – about 3% of total shares outstanding – resulting in a total return of $1.2 billion in cash to shareholders in fiscal 2023. Since 2020, we’ve repurchased approximately 11% of our outstanding shares while maintaining our investment grade balance sheet. - Throughout fiscal 2023, we continued investing in future growth, including in high value healthcare, protein, pet care, premium coffee and hot fill beverage categories and we further strengthened our leading and diversified emerging market portfolio. Our organic investment was complemented by an active M&A and corporate venturing agenda. During the fiscal year, we acquired a world-class scalable flexible packaging plant in the Czech Republic and strengthened our leadership position in the Asia Pacific healthcare category with the acquisition of Shanghai-based MDK. And we secured Amcor’s position as a leading provider of equipment, films and technical service for the high value fresh and processed meat category with the addition of Moda Systems. Amcor Annual Report 2023 Welcome message 4 Graeme Liebelt Chairman Ron Delia CEO “The hallmark of a strong company lies in its ability to navigate uncertainty while continuing to deliver value.” Our accomplishments this past year speak to the drive, creativity and talent of our teams and underscore the importance of swift and decisive action to stay competitive in an evolving market. We believe we can consistently deliver long-term success and value by staying focused on building our business while investing in our growth and innovation strategies, pursuing value creating M&A and returning cash to shareholders through share repurchases and a compelling and growing dividend. As we step into fiscal 2024, we do so with a sense of optimism and purpose and we thank you, our shareholders, for your continued support. - While navigating challenges, our innovation capabilities remain an important differentiator for Amcor. We continued to invest strategically in R&D to help ensure we deliver sustainable solutions that meet the rigorous packaging requirements of our customers. We expanded our offerings in fiber, and several global brands have adopted or are piloting AmFiber™ performance paper for confectionary and other products. Additionally, our Lift-Off program launched partnerships with innovative start-ups in artificial intelligence, biomaterials, nanotechnology and smart packaging. Our commitment to innovation reflects our confidence in Amcor’s ability to lead, even in the most uncertain times. - Sustainability is fundamental to everything we do and is deeply embedded in Amcor’s strategy and risk management framework. In fiscal 2023 we released our first TCFD report highlighting the important work we’re doing to help ensure we make the right decisions on climate and packaging sustainability. We continue to expand our designed- to-be- recycled offerings and recycle-ready alternatives. Today, well over 80% of our global portfolio has options to meet this criterion, providing our customers with the ability to accelerate conversion of their packaging portfolios to meet increasing consumer demand for more sustainable solutions. We also increased our targeted use of recycled material across the Amcor portfolio to 30% by 2030 and are taking action to meet that goal through a partnership with ExxonMobil and an investment in Licella, both of which will provide access to recycled material that can be used in healthcare and food grade packaging solutions. Amcor Annual Report 2023 At a glance 5 Amcor at a glance - fiscal year 2023 Global sales USD ~14.7 billion 76% Flexibles 24% Rigid packaging Employees ~41,000 41 Countries 218 Sites Global sales by region¹ 49% North America 23% Western Europe 25% Emerging markets 3% Australia & New Zealand Flexibles Amcor’s Flexibles business has a global presence and is one of the world’s largest developers and suppliers of flexible packaging and specialty folding cartons. Overview 2023 Sales USD11.2 billion • Number of plants 1662 Countries 37 • Employees ~36,0002 End markets The business develops and produces flexible packaging for food, beverage, pharmaceutical, medical, home and personal care, and other products. (1) Excludes disposed Russian operations (2) Includes sites and employees in corporate functions Rigid packaging Amcor’s Rigid Packaging business is one of the world’s largest suppliers of plastic containers and closures. Overview 2023 Sales USD3.5 billion • Number of plants 52 Countries 11 • Employees ~5,000 End markets The business develops and produces rigid containers and closures for food, beverage, spirits, home and personal care, and healthcare products. Note: All amounts referenced throughout this document are in US dollars unless otherwise indicated and numbers may not add up precisely to the totals provided due to rounding. Amcor Annual Report 2023 At a glance 6 Amcor winning strategy Winning aspiration To be THE leading global packaging company Focused portfolio Flexible packaging Rigid packaging Specialty cartons Closures The Amcor Way Differentiated capabilities that enable us to win: Talent Commercial Excellence Operational Leadership Innovation Cash and Capital Discipline Strong foundation for growth & value creation Global leader in primary packaging for consumer staples and healthcare with a strong track record Consistent growth from priority categories, emerging markets and innovation Strong cash flow and balance sheet provide ongoing capacity to invest Increasing investment for growth and building momentum Compelling and growing dividend with current yield ~5% EPS growth + Dividend yield = 10-15% per year Amcor Annual Report 2023 Flexible packagingFlexible packagingFlexible packagingFlexible packagingOur strategy 7 Our Strategy Amcor Annual Report 2023Our strategy 7 Our strategy 8 Amcor is a global leader in developing and producing responsible packaging solutions for food, beverage, pharmaceutical, medical, home and personal care, and other products. People are what drives our success, and we are winning when our people are safe, engaged and developing as part of a high-performing team. As a global organization, our different perspectives deliver differentiated solutions that enable us to win for all of our stakeholders. Amcor works with leading companies around the world to protect their products and the people who rely on them, differentiate brands, and improve supply chains through a range of flexible and rigid packaging, specialty cartons, closures, and services. The company is focused on making packaging that is increasingly lighter weight, recyclable and reusable, and made using an increasing amount of recycled content across a variety of materials. In fiscal year 2023, 41,000 Amcor people generated $14.7 billion in annual sales from operations that span 218 sites in 41 countries. Strategy Our business strategy consists of three components: a focused portfolio, differentiated capabilities, and our aspiration to be THE leading global packaging company. To fulfil our aspiration, we are determined to win for our people, our customers, our investors and the environment. Focused portfolio Summary Amcor has maintained a consistent strategy and business model. We have a unique combination of talented people, differentiated capabilities, scale and global reach. Our innovation excellence and packaging expertise enables us to solve packaging challenges around the world every day, producing packaging that is more functional, appealing, and cost effective. These powerful competitive advantages enable us to better serve our customers and their consumers, and importantly, to develop and deliver packaging that best protects the environment. By remaining focused on our strategy and our unique value proposition for customers, the company expects to continue to grow and drive strong returns for shareholders and other stakeholders. “Infiscalyear2023, 41,000Amcorpeople generated $14.7 billion in annual sales from operations that span 218 sites in 41 countries.” Our business portfolio shares certain important characteristics: - A focus on primary packaging for fast-moving consumer goods. - Good industry structure. - Attractive relative growth. - Multiple paths for us to win through our leadership position, scale and ability to differentiate our product offering through innovation. These criteria have led us to the focused portfolio of strong businesses we have today across: flexible and rigid packaging, specialty cartons and closures. Differentiated capabilities ‘The Amcor Way’ describes the capabilities deployed consistently across Amcor that enable us to get leverage across our portfolio: Talent, Commercial Excellence, Operational Leadership, Innovation, and Cash and Capital Discipline. Our values of Safety, Integrity, Collaboration, Accountability, and Results and Outperformance guide our behavior, driving our winning aspiration to be THE leading global packaging company. Shareholder value creation Through our portfolio of focused businesses and differentiated capabilities, we generate strong cash flow and redeploy cash to consistently create superior value for shareholders. The nature of our consumer and healthcare end markets mean that year-to-year volatility should be relatively low, measured on a constant currency basis. Over time, value creation has been strong and consistent and has reflected a combination of dividends, organic growth in the base business, and using free cash flow to pursue targeted acquisitions and/ or returning cash to shareholders via share buybacks. Amcor Annual Report 2023Sustainability and innovation 9 Sustainability & Innovation Amcor Annual Report 2023Sustainability and innovation 9 Sustainability and innovation 10 Latin America and North America, and an expansion beyond Snacks and Confectionary to include Dry Mixes, Culinary and Beverages. There have been several successful market launches in fiscal 2023, and more are anticipated in the coming year. Investment in innovation Every year, we invest approximately $100 million in research and development to bring new products and materials to market. We also identify and invest in innovative businesses and packaging solutions to drive long-term growth and value creation. In fiscal 2023, we expanded our global network of innovation centers with our newest facility in Jiangyin, China, and enhanced our offerings in fiber-based packaging through an investment in PulPac and in digital printing with ePac. Through our Amcor Lift-Off program, which supports leading-edge packaging start-ups, we launched partnerships with the next generation of innovators in the artificial intelligence, biomaterials, nanotechnology and smart packaging space. As a leading global packaging company, we recognize our responsibility to both people and planet. We are committed to delivering more sustainable packaging solutions across various materials that address the needs of our customers, consumers and the environment, while driving value for our stakeholders. Infiscal2023,weleveragedouruniquepositioninthe industry by engaging with key partners to strengthen Amcor’s packaging recyclability while working toward a circular economy. We also increased our use of recycledcontent,expandedourproductofferingand invested in research and development to further our sustainabilityefforts. Shared commitment We partner with the Alliance to End Plastic Waste, the Consumer Goods Forum and the Business Coalition to End Plastic Pollution, among others, to set voluntary industry commitments on circularity, share insights with peers and provide input on perspectives driving global treaties and regulation on plastic. Additionally, in partnership with Delterra, Mars and P&G, we are jointly investing over the next five years to scale upstream and downstream solutions for a circular plastics economy in the Global South. Together, we plan to work to stem plastic pollution at the source by designing waste out of the system, capturing recyclable and compostable materials for reuse, and creating new material traceability solutions to provide transparency on material source, quality and ethical practices along the value chain. Industry leadership Our key partnerships span the value chain, as we work to advance more sustainable product design, improve how used packaging is collected and managed, and promote a circular economy. In fiscal 2023, we increased our target on recycled content to reach 30% across all our products by 2030 and continue to make significant progress on meeting that goal. We partnered with Licella and Mondelez International, to invest in one of Australia’s first advanced recycling facilities to recycle end-of-life plastic in the region that would otherwise be sent to landfill. We also extended our relationship with ExxonMobil to leverage its production of advanced recycling material across our global portfolio, with a particular focus on the healthcare and food industries. Sustainable solutions As a packaging company with deep expertise in a variety of materials, we deliver differentiated solutions for customers seeking more sustainable options. This past fiscal year, we delivered a number of products to help our customers achieve their sustainability goals, including supporting an iconic chocolate brand to transition to 30% food-grade recycled packaging in Australia. We also substantially broadened our AmFiber™ product offering with a new state-of-the-art production line in Europe, the launch of AmFiber™ Performance Paper packaging in Asia, Amcor Annual Report 2023Amcorfiscal2023 operating review 11 Amcor fiscal 2023 operating review Highlights - - - Net sales of $14,694 million, in line with the prior year on a comparable constant currency basis; GAAP Net Income of $1,048 million; GAAP diluted earnings per share (EPS) of 70.5 cps; Adjusted EPS of 73.3 cps and Adjusted Free Cash Flow of $848 million, Adjusted EBIT of $1,608 million; - - Strong total cash returns to shareholders of $1.2 billion: annual dividend increased to 49.0 cents per share; $431 million of shares repurchased (approximately 3% of outstanding shares); and Fiscal 2024 outlook: Adjusted EPS of 67-71 cents per share. Adjusted Free Cash Flow of $850-950 million. Key Financials1 GAAP results Net sales Net income EPS (diluted US cents) Twelve months ended June 30 2022 $ million 14,544 805 52.9 2023 $ million 14,694 1,048 70.5 Adjusted non-GAAP results 2022 $ million 2023 $ million Reported ∆% Comparable constant currency ∆% Twelve months ended June 30 Net sales EBITDA EBIT Net income EPS (diluted US cents) Free Cash Flow 14,544 14,694 2,117 1,701 1,224 80.5 1,066 2,018 1,608 1,089 73.3 848 1 (5) (5) (11) (9) – 1 1 (4) (2) (1) Adjusted non-GAAP results exclude items which are not considered representative of ongoing operations. Comparable constant currency ∆% excludes the impact of movements in foreign exchange rates and items affecting comparability. Further details related to non-GAAP measures and reconciliations to GAAP measures can be found under “Presentation of non-GAAP information” in this report. Amcor Annual Report 2023Amcorfiscal2023 operating review 12 Cash returns to shareholders Share repurchases Amcor repurchased approximately 41 million shares (approximately 3% of total shares issued and outstanding) during fiscal 2023 for a total cost of $431 million. Amcor expects to allocate approximately $70 million of cash towards share repurchases in fiscal 2024, as part of the program previously announced in fiscal 2023. Amcor generates significant annual cash flow, maintains strong credit metrics, and is committed to an investment grade credit rating. The Company’s strong annual cash flow and balance sheet provide substantial capacity to reinvest in the business for organic growth, pursue acquisitions, and return cash to shareholders through a compelling and growing dividend as well as regular share repurchases. During fiscal 2023, the Company returned approximately $1.2 billion to shareholders through cash dividends and share repurchases in addition to completing three bolt-on acquisitions. 2023 Financial Results Segment Information Twelve months ended June 30, 2022 Twelve months ended June 30, 2023 Adjusted non-GAAP results Net sales $ million EBIT $ million EBIT / Sales % EBIT / Average funds employed %1 Net sales $ million EBIT $ million EBIT / Sales % EBIT / Average funds employed %1 Flexibles Rigid Packaging Other2 11,151 3,393 – Total Amcor 14,544 1,517 289 (105) 1,701 13.6 8.5 11.7 11,154 1,429 3,540 – 265 (86) 12.8 7.5 16.3 14,694 1,608 10.9 15.4 (1) Return on average funds employed includes shareholders’ equity and net debt, calculated using a four quarter average and Last Twelve Months adjusted EBIT. (2) Represents corporate expenses. Twelve months ended June 30, 2023 Net sales for the Amcor Group increased by 1% on a reported basis, which includes an unfavorable impact of approximately 3% related to movements in foreign exchange rates, an unfavorable impact of approximately 1% related to items affecting comparability, and price increases of approximately $775 million (representing 5% growth) related to the pass through of higher raw material costs. Net sales on a comparable constant currency basis were in line with the prior year, largely reflecting price/mix benefits of approximately 3%. Full year volumes were approximately 3% lower than last year. GAAP Net Income was $1,048 million and includes a $215 million gain on the sale of Amcor’s business in Russia on December 23, 2022. Adjusted EBIT of $1,608 million was 1% higher than last year on a comparable constant currency basis. Adjusted EBIT margin of 10.9% includes an adverse impact of approximately 90 basis points related to increased sales dollars associated with passing through higher raw material costs and general inflation. Amcor Annual Report 2023Amcorfiscal2023 operating review 13 Flexibles Net sales Adjusted EBIT Adjusted EBIT / Sales % Twelve months ended June 30 2022 $ million 2023 $ million Reported ∆% Comparable constant currency ∆% 11,151 1,517 13.6 11,154 1,429 12.8 – (6) 1 1 Twelve months ended June 30, 2023 Net sales of $11,154 million were in line with last year on a reported basis, including an unfavorable impact of approximately 4% related to movements in foreign exchange rates, an unfavorable impact of approximately 2% related to items affecting comparability, and price increases of approximately $515 million (representing 5% growth) related to the pass through of higher raw material costs. On a comparable constant currency basis, net sales were approximately 1% higher than last year reflecting price/mix benefits of 4%, partly offset by approximately 3% lower volumes. In North America, net sales were marginally lower than the prior year driven by lower volumes, partly offset by price/ mix benefits. Volumes were higher in the healthcare, pet care, cheese, and home and personal care categories, and this was more than offset by lower volumes in categories including condiments, meat, and ready meals. In Europe, net sales grew in the low single digit range driven by price/mix benefits, partly offset by lower volumes. Volumes were lower in the coffee, home and personal care, yogurt and confectionary categories. This was partly offset by higher volumes in the pet care and pharmaceutical categories. Net sales were in line with the prior year across the Asia Pacific region, with price/mix benefits offset by lower volumes. Volumes were lower in China where demand was unfavorably impacted by COVID-19 related lockdowns. Sales growth remained strong in India, Australia, and the pan-Asian healthcare and meat end markets. In Latin America, net sales declined in the low single digit range driven by lower volumes, partly offset by price/mix benefits. Adjusted EBIT of $1,429 million was 1% higher than in the prior period on a comparable constant currency basis, reflecting favorable operating cost performance, partly offset by the impact of lower volumes and unfavorable mix trends. Adjusted EBIT margin of 12.8% includes an adverse impact of approximately 100 basis points related to the increased sales dollars associated with passing through higher raw material costs and general inflation. Amcor Annual Report 2023Amcorfiscal2023 operating review 13 Amcorfiscal2023 operating review 14 Rigid Packaging Net sales Adjusted EBIT Adjusted EBIT / Sales % Twelve months ended June 30 2022 $ million 2023 $ million Reported ∆% Comparable constant currency ∆% 3,393 289 8.5 3,540 265 7.5 4 (8) (3) (7) Twelve months ended June 30, 2023 Net sales of $3,540 million were 4% higher than last year on a reported basis, including an unfavorable impact of approximately 1% related to movements in foreign exchange rates and price increases of approximately $260 million (representing 8% growth) related to the pass through of higher raw material costs. On a comparable constant currency basis, net sales were approximately 3% lower than last year, reflecting price/mix benefits of approximately 1% offset by approximately 4% lower volumes. In North America, overall beverage volumes were 6% lower than last year. Hot fill beverage container volumes were in line with the prior year as new business wins in key categories offset unfavorable consumer demand and customer destocking. Combined preform and cold fill container volumes were lower than the prior year. Overall specialty container volumes were lower than the prior year with growth in the healthcare, dairy and nutrition categories offset by weaker volumes in the food and home and personal care categories. In Latin America, volumes declined at low single digit rates which reflects challenging economic conditions across the region. Adjusted EBIT of $265 million was lower than the prior year on a comparable constant currency basis, reflecting lower volumes and unfavorable mix trends, partly offset by favorable operating cost performance. Adjusted EBIT margin of 7.5% includes an adverse impact of approximately 80 basis points related to the increased sales dollars associated with passing through higher raw material costs and general inflation. Amcor Annual Report 2023FINAL Form10-K 15 UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION Washington, D.C. 20549 FORM 10-K ☒ ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 For the fiscal year ended June 30, 2023 or ☐ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 For the transition period from __________ to __________ Commission File Number 001-38932 AMCOR PLC (Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter) (State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.) Jersey 98-1455367 83 Tower Road North Warmley, Bristol United Kingdom (Address of principal executive offices) BS30 8XP (Zip Code) Registrant’s telephone number, including area code: +44 117 9753200 Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act: Title of each class Trading symbol(s) Ordinary Shares, par value $0.01 per share 1.125% Guaranteed Senior Notes Due 2027 AMCR AUKF/27 Name of each exchange on which registered New York Stock Exchange New York Stock Exchange Securities registered pursuant to section 12(g) of the Act: None Indicate by check mark if the Registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yes ☒ No ☐ FINAL Indicate by check mark if the Registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act. Yes ☐ No ☒ Indicate by check mark whether the registrant: (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒ No ☐ Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☒ No ☐ Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of "large accelerated filer," "accelerated filer," "smaller reporting company," and "emerging growth company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one): Large Accelerated Filer Accelerated Filer Non-Accelerated Filer ☒ ☐ ☐ Smaller Reporting Company Emerging Growth Company ☐ ☐ If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐ Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has filed a report on and attestation to its management’s assessment of the effectiveness of its internal control over financial reporting under Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (15 U.S.C. 7262(b)) by the registered public accounting firm that prepared or issued its audit report. ☒ If securities are registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act, indicate by check mark whether the financial statements of the registrant included in the filing reflect the correction of an error to previously issued financial statements. ☐ Indicate by check mark whether any of those error corrections are restatements that required a recovery analysis of incentive-based compensation received by any of the registrant’s executive officers during the relevant recovery period pursuant to §240.10D-1(b). ☐ Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes The aggregate market value of the ordinary shares held by non-affiliates of the registrant, computed by reference to the closing price of such shares as of the last business day of the registrant’s most recently completed second quarter, was ☐ No ☒ $17.3 billion. As of August 15, 2023, the Registrant had 1,448,493,870 shares issued and outstanding. DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE Certain information required for Part III of this Annual Report on Form 10-K is incorporated by reference to the Amcor plc definitive Proxy Statement for its 2023 Annual Shareholder Meeting, which will be filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission pursuant to Regulation 14A of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, within 120 days of Amcor plc’s fiscal year end. Amcor Annual Report 2023 Form10-K 15 Form10-K 16 FINAL UNITED STATES Washington, D.C. 20549 FORM 10-K For the fiscal year ended June 30, 2023 or SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION ☒ ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 ☐ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 For the transition period from __________ to __________ Commission File Number 001-38932 AMCOR PLC (Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter) Jersey 98-1455367 (State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.) 83 Tower Road North Warmley, Bristol United Kingdom (Address of principal executive offices) BS30 8XP (Zip Code) Registrant’s telephone number, including area code: +44 117 9753200 Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act: Title of each class Trading symbol(s) Ordinary Shares, par value $0.01 per share 1.125% Guaranteed Senior Notes Due 2027 AMCR AUKF/27 Name of each exchange on which registered New York Stock Exchange New York Stock Exchange Securities registered pursuant to section 12(g) of the Act: None Indicate by check mark if the Registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yes ☒ No ☐ FINAL Indicate by check mark if the Registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act. Yes ☐ No ☒ Indicate by check mark whether the registrant: (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒ No ☐ Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☒ No ☐ Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of "large accelerated filer," "accelerated filer," "smaller reporting company," and "emerging growth company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one): Large Accelerated Filer Accelerated Filer Non-Accelerated Filer ☒ ☐ ☐ Smaller Reporting Company Emerging Growth Company ☐ ☐ If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐ Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has filed a report on and attestation to its management’s assessment of the effectiveness of its internal control over financial reporting under Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (15 U.S.C. 7262(b)) by the registered public accounting firm that prepared or issued its audit report. ☒ If securities are registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act, indicate by check mark whether the financial statements of the registrant included in the filing reflect the correction of an error to previously issued financial statements. ☐ Indicate by check mark whether any of those error corrections are restatements that required a recovery analysis of incentive-based compensation received by any of the registrant’s executive officers during the relevant recovery period pursuant to §240.10D-1(b). ☐ Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No ☒ The aggregate market value of the ordinary shares held by non-affiliates of the registrant, computed by reference to the closing price of such shares as of the last business day of the registrant’s most recently completed second quarter, was $17.3 billion. As of August 15, 2023, the Registrant had 1,448,493,870 shares issued and outstanding. DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE Certain information required for Part III of this Annual Report on Form 10-K is incorporated by reference to the Amcor plc definitive Proxy Statement for its 2023 Annual Shareholder Meeting, which will be filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission pursuant to Regulation 14A of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, within 120 days of Amcor plc’s fiscal year end. Amcor Annual Report 2023 Form10-K 17 FINAL Amcor plc Annual Report on Form 10-K Table of Contents Part I Item 1. Item 1A. Item 1B. Item 2. Item 3. Item 4. Business ....................................................................................................................................................... Risk Factors ................................................................................................................................................. Unresolved Staff Comments ........................................................................................................................ Properties ..................................................................................................................................................... Legal Proceedings ........................................................................................................................................ Mine Safety Disclosures .............................................................................................................................. 5 14 25 25 25 25 Part II Item 5. Item 6. Item 7. Item 7A. Item 8. Item 9. Item 9A. Item 9B. Item 9C. Part III 26 Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Shareholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities ...................................................................................................................................................... Removed and Reserved ............................................................................................................................... 29 Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations ...................... 46 Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk ..................................................................... 48 Financial Statements and Supplementary Data ........................................................................................... 48 Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm (PCAOB ID 1358) ......................................... 50 Consolidated Statements of Income ............................................................................................................ 51 Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income .................................................................................. 52 Consolidated Balance Sheets ....................................................................................................................... 53 Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows ...................................................................................................... 54 Consolidated Statements of Equity .............................................................................................................. 55 Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements ............................................................................................... Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure ...................... 110 Controls and Procedures .............................................................................................................................. 110 Other Information ........................................................................................................................................ 110 Disclosure Regarding Foreign Jurisdictions that Prevent Inspections ......................................................... 110 Item 10. Item 11. Item 12. Item 13. Item 14. Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance .......................................................................... 111 Executive Compensation ............................................................................................................................. 112 Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Shareholder Matters ... 112 Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence ............................................ 112 Principal Accountant Fees and Services ...................................................................................................... 112 Part IV Item 15. Item 16. Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules ............................................................................................... 113 Exhibit Index ................................................................................................................................................ 113 Form 10-K Summary ................................................................................................................................... 115 Signatures ..................................................................................................................................................... 116 Forward-Looking Statements FINAL Unless otherwise indicated, references to "Amcor," the "Company," "we," "our," and "us" in this Annual Report on Form 10-K refer to Amcor plc and its consolidated subsidiaries. This Annual Report on Form 10-K contains certain statements that are "forward-looking statements" within the meaning of the safe harbor provisions of the U.S. Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Forward-looking statements are generally identified with words like "believe," "expect," "target," "project," "may," "could," "would," "approximately," "possible," "will," "should," "intend," "plan," "anticipate," "commit," "estimate," "potential," "ambitions," "outlook," or "continue," the negative of these words, other terms of similar meaning, or the use of future dates. Such statements are based on the current expectations of the management of Amcor and are qualified by the inherent risks and uncertainties surrounding future expectations generally. Actual results could differ materially from those currently anticipated due to a number of risks and uncertainties. None of Amcor or any of its respective directors, executive officers, or advisors, provide any representation, assurance, or guarantee that the occurrence of the events expressed or implied in any forward-looking statements will actually occur. Risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ from expectations include, but are not limited to: • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • Changes in consumer demand patterns and customer requirements in numerous industries; the loss of key customers, a reduction in their production requirements, or consolidation among key customers; significant competition in the industries and regions in which we operate; an inability to expand our current business effectively through either organic growth, including product innovation, challenging current and future global economic conditions, including the Russia-Ukraine conflict and inflation; price fluctuations or shortages in the availability of raw materials, energy and other inputs, which could adversely investments, or acquisitions; impacts of operating internationally; affect our business; of economic volatility; production, supply, and other commercial risks, including counterparty credit risks, which may be exacerbated in times pandemics, epidemics, or other disease outbreaks; an inability to attract and retain our global executive management team and our skilled workforce; costs and liabilities related to environment, health, and safety ("EHS") laws and regulations, as well as changes in the global climate; risks related to climate change; labor disputes and an inability to renew collective bargaining agreements at acceptable terms; cybersecurity risks, which could disrupt our operations or risk of loss of our sensitive business information; failures or disruptions in our information technology systems which could disrupt our operations, compromise customer, employee, supplier, and other data; rising interest rates that increase our borrowing costs on our variable rate indebtedness and could have other negative impacts; a significant increase in our indebtedness or a downgrade in our credit rating could reduce our operating flexibility and increase our borrowing costs and negatively affect our financial condition and results of operations; foreign exchange rate risk; a significant write-down of goodwill and/or other intangible assets; failure to maintain an effective system of internal control over financial reporting; an inability of our insurance policies, including our use of a captive insurance company, to provide adequate protection against all of the risks we face; an inability to defend our intellectual property rights or intellectual property infringement claims against us; litigation, including product liability claims, or regulatory developments; increasing scrutiny and changing expectations from investors, customers, and governments with respect to our Environmental, Social, and Governance ("ESG") practices and commitments resulting in additional costs or exposure to additional risks; changing government regulations in environmental, health, and safety matters, including climate change; and changes in tax laws or changes in our geographic mix of earnings. Additional factors that could cause actual results to differ from those expected are discussed in this Annual Report on Form 10-K, including in the sections entitled "Item 1A. - Risk Factors" and "Item 7. - Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations," and in Amcor’s subsequent filings with the Securities and Exchange Forward-looking statements made in this Annual Report on Form 10-K relate only to events as of the date on which the statements are made. Amcor assumes no obligation, and disclaims any obligation, to update the information contained in this report. All forward-looking statements in this Annual Report on Form 10-K are qualified in their entirety by this cautionary Commission. statement. 3 4 Amcor Annual Report 2023 Form10-K 17 Form10-K 18 FINAL Amcor plc Annual Report on Form 10-K Table of Contents Part I Part II Item 2. Item 3. Item 4. Item 5. Item 6. Item 7. Part III Item 9B. Item 9C. Item 10. Item 11. Item 12. Item 13. Item 14. Part IV Item 1. Business ....................................................................................................................................................... Item 1A. Risk Factors ................................................................................................................................................. Item 1B. Unresolved Staff Comments ........................................................................................................................ Properties ..................................................................................................................................................... Legal Proceedings ........................................................................................................................................ Mine Safety Disclosures .............................................................................................................................. Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Shareholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities ...................................................................................................................................................... Removed and Reserved ............................................................................................................................... Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations ...................... Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk ..................................................................... Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data ........................................................................................... Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm (PCAOB ID 1358) ......................................... Consolidated Statements of Income ............................................................................................................ Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income .................................................................................. Consolidated Balance Sheets ....................................................................................................................... Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows ...................................................................................................... Consolidated Statements of Equity .............................................................................................................. Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements ............................................................................................... Item 9. Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure ...................... 110 Item 9A. Controls and Procedures .............................................................................................................................. 110 Other Information ........................................................................................................................................ 110 Disclosure Regarding Foreign Jurisdictions that Prevent Inspections ......................................................... 110 5 14 25 25 25 25 26 29 46 48 48 50 51 52 53 54 55 Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance .......................................................................... 111 Executive Compensation ............................................................................................................................. 112 Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Shareholder Matters ... 112 Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence ............................................ 112 Principal Accountant Fees and Services ...................................................................................................... 112 Item 15. Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules ............................................................................................... 113 Exhibit Index ................................................................................................................................................ 113 Item 16. Form 10-K Summary ................................................................................................................................... 115 Signatures ..................................................................................................................................................... 116 Forward-Looking Statements FINAL Unless otherwise indicated, references to "Amcor," the "Company," "we," "our," and "us" in this Annual Report on Form 10-K refer to Amcor plc and its consolidated subsidiaries. This Annual Report on Form 10-K contains certain statements that are "forward-looking statements" within the meaning of the safe harbor provisions of the U.S. Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Forward-looking statements are generally identified with words like "believe," "expect," "target," "project," "may," "could," "would," "approximately," "possible," "will," "should," "intend," "plan," "anticipate," "commit," "estimate," "potential," "ambitions," "outlook," or "continue," the negative of these words, other terms of similar meaning, or the use of future dates. Such statements are based on the current expectations of the management of Amcor and are qualified by the inherent risks and uncertainties surrounding future expectations generally. Actual results could differ materially from those currently anticipated due to a number of risks and uncertainties. None of Amcor or any of its respective directors, executive officers, or advisors, provide any representation, assurance, or guarantee that the occurrence of the events expressed or implied in any forward-looking statements will actually occur. Risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ from expectations include, but are not limited to: • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • Changes in consumer demand patterns and customer requirements in numerous industries; the loss of key customers, a reduction in their production requirements, or consolidation among key customers; significant competition in the industries and regions in which we operate; an inability to expand our current business effectively through either organic growth, including product innovation, investments, or acquisitions; challenging current and future global economic conditions, including the Russia-Ukraine conflict and inflation; impacts of operating internationally; price fluctuations or shortages in the availability of raw materials, energy and other inputs, which could adversely affect our business; production, supply, and other commercial risks, including counterparty credit risks, which may be exacerbated in times of economic volatility; pandemics, epidemics, or other disease outbreaks; an inability to attract and retain our global executive management team and our skilled workforce; costs and liabilities related to environment, health, and safety ("EHS") laws and regulations, as well as changes in the global climate; labor disputes and an inability to renew collective bargaining agreements at acceptable terms; risks related to climate change; cybersecurity risks, which could disrupt our operations or risk of loss of our sensitive business information; failures or disruptions in our information technology systems which could disrupt our operations, compromise customer, employee, supplier, and other data; rising interest rates that increase our borrowing costs on our variable rate indebtedness and could have other negative impacts; a significant increase in our indebtedness or a downgrade in our credit rating could reduce our operating flexibility and increase our borrowing costs and negatively affect our financial condition and results of operations; foreign exchange rate risk; a significant write-down of goodwill and/or other intangible assets; failure to maintain an effective system of internal control over financial reporting; an inability of our insurance policies, including our use of a captive insurance company, to provide adequate protection against all of the risks we face; an inability to defend our intellectual property rights or intellectual property infringement claims against us; litigation, including product liability claims, or regulatory developments; increasing scrutiny and changing expectations from investors, customers, and governments with respect to our Environmental, Social, and Governance ("ESG") practices and commitments resulting in additional costs or exposure to additional risks; changing government regulations in environmental, health, and safety matters, including climate change; and changes in tax laws or changes in our geographic mix of earnings. Additional factors that could cause actual results to differ from those expected are discussed in this Annual Report on Form 10-K, including in the sections entitled "Item 1A. - Risk Factors" and "Item 7. - Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations," and in Amcor’s subsequent filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission. Forward-looking statements made in this Annual Report on Form 10-K relate only to events as of the date on which the statements are made. Amcor assumes no obligation, and disclaims any obligation, to update the information contained in this report. All forward-looking statements in this Annual Report on Form 10-K are qualified in their entirety by this cautionary statement. 3 4 Amcor Annual Report 2023 FINAL FINAL Form10-K 19 PART I Item 1. - Business The Company Amcor plc (ARBN 630 385 278) is a public limited company incorporated under the Laws of the Bailiwick of Jersey. Our history dates back more than 150 years, with origins in both Australia and the USA. Today, we are a global leader in developing and producing responsible packaging for food, beverage, pharmaceutical, medical, home and personal-care, and other products. Our innovation excellence and global packaging expertise enables us to solve packaging challenges around the world every day, producing packaging that is more functional, appealing, and cost effective for our customers and their consumers and importantly, more sustainable for the environment. Sustainability Sustainability is central to our business and one of our most exciting opportunities for growth. Working daily to embed flow to pursue targeted acquisitions and/or returning cash to shareholders via share buybacks. These criteria have led us to the focused portfolio of strong businesses we have today across: flexible and rigid packaging, specialty cartons, and closures. Differentiated capabilities "The Amcor Way" describes the capabilities deployed consistently across Amcor that enable us to get leverage across our portfolio: Talent, Commercial Excellence, Operational Leadership, Innovation, and Cash and Capital Discipline. Our values of Safety, Integrity, Collaboration, Accountability, and Results and Outperformance guide our behavior, driving our winning aspiration to be THE leading global packaging company. Shareholder value creation Through our portfolio of focused businesses and differentiated capabilities, we generate strong cash flow and redeploy cash to consistently create superior value for shareholders. The nature of our consumer and healthcare end markets means that year-to-year volatility should be relatively low, measured on a constant currency basis. Over time, value creation has been strong and consistent and has reflected a combination of dividends, organic growth in the base business, and using free cash sustainability deeper into everything we do, Amcor has been a leader in the industry in promoting sustainability. We aspire to improve the quality of lives, protect ecosystems, and preserve natural resources for future generations by offering a unique range of responsible packaging solutions, leveraging our global scale, reach, and expertise to meet our customers’ growing sustainability expectations. In January 2018, we became the world’s first packaging company to pledge that all our packaging would be designed to be recycled, compostable, or reusable by 2025 and also committed to increasing the amount of recycled content we use. We are delivering against these commitments and continue to lead in the development of a responsible packaging value chain through our innovations and partnerships. We have identified a clear path to meeting our sustainability ambitions and those of our customers by focusing on the three elements of responsible packaging – product innovation, consumer participation, and infrastructure development. Differentiated Solutions Our product portfolio is diverse and dynamic due to our constant innovation and close partnerships with our customers. Behind every one of our products stands a unique combination of technical know-how, business experience, and expertise. We work closely with our customers to identify feasible, high-performance, responsible packaging solutions based on their unique needs. Where solutions do not currently exist, we work to innovate new ones. We invest approximately $100 million every year in our industry-leading research and development capabilities, bringing together the best in packaging design, science, manufacturing, and people. Expertise across Packaging Materials We believe that we are uniquely positioned to offer a variety of packaging solutions with a wide, differentiated portfolio of products. Our packaging expertise covers all main packaging materials including paper, metal, plastic, recycled, and bio-based materials and the sustainable use of recyclable plastics. Our expertise and track record translate across many innovative solutions that customers can explore with ease and convenience to meet their growing packaging needs, while improving environmental impact. Business Strategy Strategy Our business strategy consists of three components: a focused portfolio, differentiated capabilities, and our aspiration to be THE leading global packaging company. To fulfill our aspiration, we are determined to win for our customers, employees, shareholders, and the environment. Focused portfolio Our portfolio of businesses share certain important characteristics: • A focus on primary packaging for fast-moving consumer goods, • • • multiple paths for us to win through our leadership position, scale, and ability to differentiate our product offering good industry structure, attractive relative growth, and through innovation. 5 6 Amcor Annual Report 2023 FINAL FINAL Form10-K 19 Form10-K 20 These criteria have led us to the focused portfolio of strong businesses we have today across: flexible and rigid packaging, specialty cartons, and closures. Differentiated capabilities "The Amcor Way" describes the capabilities deployed consistently across Amcor that enable us to get leverage across our portfolio: Talent, Commercial Excellence, Operational Leadership, Innovation, and Cash and Capital Discipline. Our values of Safety, Integrity, Collaboration, Accountability, and Results and Outperformance guide our behavior, driving our winning aspiration to be THE leading global packaging company. other products. Our innovation excellence and global packaging expertise enables us to solve packaging challenges around the Shareholder value creation Through our portfolio of focused businesses and differentiated capabilities, we generate strong cash flow and redeploy cash to consistently create superior value for shareholders. The nature of our consumer and healthcare end markets means that year-to-year volatility should be relatively low, measured on a constant currency basis. Over time, value creation has been strong and consistent and has reflected a combination of dividends, organic growth in the base business, and using free cash flow to pursue targeted acquisitions and/or returning cash to shareholders via share buybacks. PART I Item 1. - Business The Company Amcor plc (ARBN 630 385 278) is a public limited company incorporated under the Laws of the Bailiwick of Jersey. Our history dates back more than 150 years, with origins in both Australia and the USA. Today, we are a global leader in developing and producing responsible packaging for food, beverage, pharmaceutical, medical, home and personal-care, and world every day, producing packaging that is more functional, appealing, and cost effective for our customers and their consumers and importantly, more sustainable for the environment. Sustainability Sustainability is central to our business and one of our most exciting opportunities for growth. Working daily to embed sustainability deeper into everything we do, Amcor has been a leader in the industry in promoting sustainability. We aspire to improve the quality of lives, protect ecosystems, and preserve natural resources for future generations by offering a unique range of responsible packaging solutions, leveraging our global scale, reach, and expertise to meet our customers’ growing sustainability expectations. In January 2018, we became the world’s first packaging company to pledge that all our packaging would be designed to be recycled, compostable, or reusable by 2025 and also committed to increasing the amount of recycled content we use. We are delivering against these commitments and continue to lead in the development of a responsible packaging value chain through our innovations and partnerships. We have identified a clear path to meeting our sustainability ambitions and those of our customers by focusing on the three elements of responsible packaging – product innovation, consumer participation, and infrastructure development. Differentiated Solutions Our product portfolio is diverse and dynamic due to our constant innovation and close partnerships with our customers. Behind every one of our products stands a unique combination of technical know-how, business experience, and expertise. We work closely with our customers to identify feasible, high-performance, responsible packaging solutions based on their unique needs. Where solutions do not currently exist, we work to innovate new ones. We invest approximately $100 million every year in our industry-leading research and development capabilities, bringing together the best in packaging design, science, manufacturing, and people. Expertise across Packaging Materials We believe that we are uniquely positioned to offer a variety of packaging solutions with a wide, differentiated portfolio of products. Our packaging expertise covers all main packaging materials including paper, metal, plastic, recycled, and bio-based materials and the sustainable use of recyclable plastics. Our expertise and track record translate across many innovative solutions that customers can explore with ease and convenience to meet their growing packaging needs, while improving environmental impact. Business Strategy Strategy shareholders, and the environment. Focused portfolio Our business strategy consists of three components: a focused portfolio, differentiated capabilities, and our aspiration to be THE leading global packaging company. To fulfill our aspiration, we are determined to win for our customers, employees, Our portfolio of businesses share certain important characteristics: • A focus on primary packaging for fast-moving consumer goods, • • good industry structure, attractive relative growth, and through innovation. • multiple paths for us to win through our leadership position, scale, and ability to differentiate our product offering 5 6 Amcor Annual Report 2023 FINAL FINAL Form10-K 21 Segment Information - Raw Materials — Price fluctuations or shortages in the availability of raw materials, energy and other inputs could adversely affect our business.” Accounting Standards Codification ("ASC") 280, "Segment Reporting," establishes the standards for reporting information about segments in financial statements. In applying the criteria set forth in ASC 280, we have determined we have two reportable segments, Flexibles and Rigid Packaging. The reportable segments produce flexible packaging, rigid packaging, specialty cartons, and closure products, which are sold to customers participating in a range of attractive end use areas throughout Europe, North America, Latin America, Africa, and the Asia Pacific regions. Refer to Note 21, "Segments," of the notes to consolidated financial statements for financial information about reportable segments. Flexibles Segment Our Flexibles Segment develops and supplies flexible packaging globally. With approximately 35,000 employees at 166 significant manufacturing and support facilities in 37 countries as of June 30, 2023, the Flexibles Segment is one of the world's largest suppliers of plastic, aluminum, and fiber based flexible packaging. In fiscal year 2023, Flexibles accounted for approximately 76% of consolidated net sales. Rigid Packaging Segment Our Rigid Packaging Segment manufactures rigid packaging containers and related products in the Americas. As of June 30, 2023, the Rigid Packaging Segment employed approximately 5,000 employees at 52 significant manufacturing and support facilities in 11 countries. In fiscal year 2023, Rigid Packaging accounted for approximately 24% of consolidated net sales. Marketing, Distribution, and Competition Our sales are made through a variety of distribution channels, but primarily through our direct sales force. Sales offices and plants are located throughout Europe, North America, Latin America, Africa, and Asia-Pacific regions to provide prompt and economical service to thousands of customers. Our technically trained sales force is supported by product development engineers, design technicians, field service technicians, and customer service teams. We did not have sales to a single customer that exceeded 10% of consolidated net sales in the last three fiscal years. The major markets in which we sell our products historically have been, and continue to be, highly competitive. Areas of competition include service, sustainability, innovation, quality, and price. Competitors include AptarGroup, Inc., Ball Corporation, Berry Global Group, Inc, CCL Industries Inc., Crown Holdings, Inc., Graphic Packaging Holding Company, Huhtamaki Oyj, International Paper Company, Mayr-Melnhof Karton AG, O-I Glass, Inc., Sealed Air Corporation, Silgan Holdings Inc., Sonoco Products Company, and WestRock Company, and a variety of privately held companies. We consider ourselves to be a significant participant in the markets in which we operate; however, due to the diversity of our business, our precise competitive position in these markets is not reasonably determinable. Backlog Working capital fluctuates throughout the year in relation to business volume and other marketplace conditions. We maintain inventory levels that provide a reasonable balance between obtaining raw materials at favorable prices and maintaining adequate inventory levels to enable us to fulfill our commitment to promptly fill customer orders. Manufacturing backlogs are not a significant factor in the markets in which we operate. Raw Materials Polymer resins and films, paper, inks, solvents, adhesives, aluminum, and chemicals constitute the major raw materials we use. These are purchased from a variety of global industry sources, and we are not significantly dependent on any one supplier for our raw materials. While we have experienced industry-wide shortages of certain raw materials in the past, we have been able to manage supply disruptions by working closely with our suppliers and customers. Supply shortages, along with other factors, can lead and have in the past led to increased raw material price volatility. Increases in the price of raw materials are generally able to be passed on to customers through contractual price mechanisms over time and other means. We manage the risks associated with our supply chain and have generally been able to maintain adequate raw materials through relationship management, inventory management and evaluation of alternative sources when practical. For more information, see "Item 1A. 7 8 Amcor Annual Report 2023 FINAL FINAL Form10-K 21 Form10-K 22 - Raw Materials — Price fluctuations or shortages in the availability of raw materials, energy and other inputs could adversely affect our business.” Segment Information Flexibles Segment Accounting Standards Codification ("ASC") 280, "Segment Reporting," establishes the standards for reporting information about segments in financial statements. In applying the criteria set forth in ASC 280, we have determined we have two reportable segments, Flexibles and Rigid Packaging. The reportable segments produce flexible packaging, rigid packaging, specialty cartons, and closure products, which are sold to customers participating in a range of attractive end use areas throughout Europe, North America, Latin America, Africa, and the Asia Pacific regions. Refer to Note 21, "Segments," of the notes to consolidated financial statements for financial information about reportable segments. Our Flexibles Segment develops and supplies flexible packaging globally. With approximately 35,000 employees at 166 significant manufacturing and support facilities in 37 countries as of June 30, 2023, the Flexibles Segment is one of the world's largest suppliers of plastic, aluminum, and fiber based flexible packaging. In fiscal year 2023, Flexibles accounted for approximately 76% of consolidated net sales. Rigid Packaging Segment sales. Marketing, Distribution, and Competition Our Rigid Packaging Segment manufactures rigid packaging containers and related products in the Americas. As of June 30, 2023, the Rigid Packaging Segment employed approximately 5,000 employees at 52 significant manufacturing and support facilities in 11 countries. In fiscal year 2023, Rigid Packaging accounted for approximately 24% of consolidated net Our sales are made through a variety of distribution channels, but primarily through our direct sales force. Sales offices and plants are located throughout Europe, North America, Latin America, Africa, and Asia-Pacific regions to provide prompt and economical service to thousands of customers. Our technically trained sales force is supported by product development engineers, design technicians, field service technicians, and customer service teams. We did not have sales to a single customer that exceeded 10% of consolidated net sales in the last three fiscal years. The major markets in which we sell our products historically have been, and continue to be, highly competitive. Areas of competition include service, sustainability, innovation, quality, and price. Competitors include AptarGroup, Inc., Ball Corporation, Berry Global Group, Inc, CCL Industries Inc., Crown Holdings, Inc., Graphic Packaging Holding Company, Huhtamaki Oyj, International Paper Company, Mayr-Melnhof Karton AG, O-I Glass, Inc., Sealed Air Corporation, Silgan Holdings Inc., Sonoco Products Company, and WestRock Company, and a variety of privately held companies. We consider ourselves to be a significant participant in the markets in which we operate; however, due to the diversity of our business, our precise competitive position in these markets is not reasonably determinable. Backlog Raw Materials Working capital fluctuates throughout the year in relation to business volume and other marketplace conditions. We maintain inventory levels that provide a reasonable balance between obtaining raw materials at favorable prices and maintaining adequate inventory levels to enable us to fulfill our commitment to promptly fill customer orders. Manufacturing backlogs are not a significant factor in the markets in which we operate. Polymer resins and films, paper, inks, solvents, adhesives, aluminum, and chemicals constitute the major raw materials we use. These are purchased from a variety of global industry sources, and we are not significantly dependent on any one supplier for our raw materials. While we have experienced industry-wide shortages of certain raw materials in the past, we have been able to manage supply disruptions by working closely with our suppliers and customers. Supply shortages, along with other factors, can lead and have in the past led to increased raw material price volatility. Increases in the price of raw materials are generally able to be passed on to customers through contractual price mechanisms over time and other means. We manage the risks associated with our supply chain and have generally been able to maintain adequate raw materials through relationship management, inventory management and evaluation of alternative sources when practical. For more information, see "Item 1A. 7 8 Amcor Annual Report 2023 and safety, the discharge of certain materials into the environment, handling and disposition of waste, cleanup of contaminated soil and ground water, other rules to control pollution and manage natural resources, and other government regulations. We on the execution of our Environmental, Health, and Safety Management System and regular audits of those processes and systems. However, we cannot predict with certainty that we will not, in the future, incur liability with respect to noncompliance with health and safety laws, environmental laws and regulations due to contamination of sites formerly or currently owned or operated by us (including contamination caused by prior owners and operators of such sites) or the off-site disposal of regulated materials, or other broad government regulations which could be significant. In addition, these laws and regulations are constantly changing, and we cannot always anticipate these changes. Refer to Note 20, "Contingencies and Legal Proceedings," of the notes to consolidated financial statements for information about legal proceedings. For a more detailed description of the various laws and regulations that affect our business, see "Item 1A. - Risk Factors." Our business and operations of each of the reportable segments is not seasonal to any material extent. Historically, cash flow from operations has been lower in the first half of the fiscal year, and higher in the second half of the fiscal year, due to working capital management and the timing of certain cash payments made in the first half of the year, including incentive compensation. Research and Development Refer to section "Sustainability and Innovation" within "Item 1. - Business" of this Annual Report on Form 10-K, and to Note 2, "Significant Accounting Policies," of the notes to consolidated financial statements, for further information about our research and development activities, expenditures, and policies. FINAL FINAL Form10-K 23 Intellectual Property We are the owner or licensee of more than a thousand United States and other country patents and patent applications believe that we are in substantial compliance with applicable health and safety laws, environmental laws and regulations based that relate to our products, manufacturing processes, and equipment. We have a number of trademarks and trademark registrations in the United States and in other countries. We also keep certain technology and processes as trade secrets. Our patents, licenses, and trademarks collectively provide a competitive advantage. However, the loss of any single patent or license alone would not have a material adverse effect on our results of operations as a whole or those of our reportable segments. Patents, patent applications, and license agreements will expire or terminate over time by operation of law, in accordance with their terms, or otherwise. Sustainability and Innovation Sustainability is comprehensively embedded across our business, from the investments we are making in packaging innovation and design, to our global collaboration strategy, to the work we undertake within our own operations and with our upstream and downstream partners to develop a more responsible packaging value chain. Seasonal Factors We believe there will always be a role for the primary packaging we produce to preserve food, beverages, and healthcare products, protect consumers, and promote brands. Consumers also want cost effective, convenient, and easy to use packaging with a reduced environmental footprint and a responsible end of life solution. We have identified a clear path to provide food, beverages, and healthcare products to people around the world in a more sustainable way and meet our sustainability ambitions and those of our customers, by focusing on three key elements of responsible packaging: product innovation, consumer participation, and waste management infrastructure. We believe our commitment to responsible packaging is integral to our success. Our responsible packaging solutions address both how the product is made, as well as what happens after the consumer uses it, offering a wide variety of options to advance sustainability while meeting our customers’ specific packaging needs. Innovation is central to Amcor’s approach to sustainability and we spend approximately $100 million a year on research and development ("R&D"), not including ongoing investment in incremental continuous improvements. We are highly regarded for our innovation capabilities and have more than 1,000 active patents, as well as a global network of Innovation Centers focused on bringing advanced packaging technologies and more sustainable material science to our markets around the world. We solve packaging challenges, developing differentiated products, services, and processes to protect our customers' products and fulfil the needs of the consumers who rely on them. Drawing on unrivaled heritage in design, science, and manufacturing, our more than 1,000 R&D professionals and engineers are constantly innovating across new materials, formats, functions, and technologies. We collaborate with like-minded partners, including customers and suppliers, in pursuit of innovative solutions to address some of the world’s most urgent challenges, including increasing recycling and reuse and reducing our environmental impacts. We also partner with non-governmental organizations, promising startups, and cross-industry initiatives and bodies. These partnerships enable us to learn, experience other perspectives, share our expertise, and expand our innovation. With our partners, we advocate for sound global design standards, better waste management infrastructure, and higher levels of consumer participation in recycling that will be required to develop a true circular economy for packaging. We believe that our environmental footprint goes well beyond the products we create. We also strive to continuously reduce the environmental impacts of our operations. For more than a decade, our EnviroAction program has helped us significantly improve how we manage energy, water, and waste in every one of our manufacturing locations. In January 2022, we further increased our efforts by committing to set science-based targets to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and achieve net zero emissions by 2050. These new commitments have been recognized by the Science Based Targets initiative (SBTi) and build on years of progress under our EnviroAction program. In June 2023, we took the next step forward in our science-based targets journey by submitting our proposed targets to the SBTi for review. With our global scale, deep industry experience, and strong capabilities, we believe that we are uniquely positioned to lead the way in the design and development of more sustainable packaging, and this is one of the most important growth opportunities for Amcor. Governmental Laws and Regulations Our operations and the real property we own, or lease, are subject to broad governmental laws and regulations, including environmental laws and regulations by multiple jurisdictions. These laws and regulations pertain to employee health 9 10 Amcor Annual Report 2023 FINAL FINAL Form10-K 23 Form10-K 24 We are the owner or licensee of more than a thousand United States and other country patents and patent applications that relate to our products, manufacturing processes, and equipment. We have a number of trademarks and trademark registrations in the United States and in other countries. We also keep certain technology and processes as trade secrets. Our patents, licenses, and trademarks collectively provide a competitive advantage. However, the loss of any single patent or license alone would not have a material adverse effect on our results of operations as a whole or those of our reportable segments. Patents, patent applications, and license agreements will expire or terminate over time by operation of law, in accordance with Intellectual Property their terms, or otherwise. Sustainability and Innovation and safety, the discharge of certain materials into the environment, handling and disposition of waste, cleanup of contaminated soil and ground water, other rules to control pollution and manage natural resources, and other government regulations. We believe that we are in substantial compliance with applicable health and safety laws, environmental laws and regulations based on the execution of our Environmental, Health, and Safety Management System and regular audits of those processes and systems. However, we cannot predict with certainty that we will not, in the future, incur liability with respect to noncompliance with health and safety laws, environmental laws and regulations due to contamination of sites formerly or currently owned or operated by us (including contamination caused by prior owners and operators of such sites) or the off-site disposal of regulated materials, or other broad government regulations which could be significant. In addition, these laws and regulations are constantly changing, and we cannot always anticipate these changes. Refer to Note 20, "Contingencies and Legal Proceedings," of the notes to consolidated financial statements for information about legal proceedings. For a more detailed description of the various laws and regulations that affect our business, see "Item 1A. - Risk Factors." Sustainability is comprehensively embedded across our business, from the investments we are making in packaging Seasonal Factors Our business and operations of each of the reportable segments is not seasonal to any material extent. Historically, cash flow from operations has been lower in the first half of the fiscal year, and higher in the second half of the fiscal year, due to working capital management and the timing of certain cash payments made in the first half of the year, including incentive compensation. Research and Development Refer to section "Sustainability and Innovation" within "Item 1. - Business" of this Annual Report on Form 10-K, and to Note 2, "Significant Accounting Policies," of the notes to consolidated financial statements, for further information about our research and development activities, expenditures, and policies. innovation and design, to our global collaboration strategy, to the work we undertake within our own operations and with our upstream and downstream partners to develop a more responsible packaging value chain. We believe there will always be a role for the primary packaging we produce to preserve food, beverages, and healthcare products, protect consumers, and promote brands. Consumers also want cost effective, convenient, and easy to use packaging with a reduced environmental footprint and a responsible end of life solution. We have identified a clear path to provide food, beverages, and healthcare products to people around the world in a more sustainable way and meet our sustainability ambitions and those of our customers, by focusing on three key elements of responsible packaging: product innovation, consumer participation, and waste management infrastructure. We believe our commitment to responsible packaging is integral to our success. Our responsible packaging solutions address both how the product is made, as well as what happens after the consumer uses it, offering a wide variety of options to advance sustainability while meeting our customers’ specific packaging needs. Innovation is central to Amcor’s approach to sustainability and we spend approximately $100 million a year on research and development ("R&D"), not including ongoing investment in incremental continuous improvements. We are highly regarded for our innovation capabilities and have more than 1,000 active patents, as well as a global network of Innovation Centers focused on bringing advanced packaging technologies and more sustainable material science to our markets around the world. We solve packaging challenges, developing differentiated products, services, and processes to protect our customers' products and fulfil the needs of the consumers who rely on them. Drawing on unrivaled heritage in design, science, and manufacturing, our more than 1,000 R&D professionals and engineers are constantly innovating across new materials, formats, functions, and technologies. We collaborate with like-minded partners, including customers and suppliers, in pursuit of innovative solutions to address some of the world’s most urgent challenges, including increasing recycling and reuse and reducing our environmental impacts. We also partner with non-governmental organizations, promising startups, and cross-industry initiatives and bodies. These partnerships enable us to learn, experience other perspectives, share our expertise, and expand our innovation. With our partners, we advocate for sound global design standards, better waste management infrastructure, and higher levels of consumer participation in recycling that will be required to develop a true circular economy for packaging. We believe that our environmental footprint goes well beyond the products we create. We also strive to continuously reduce the environmental impacts of our operations. For more than a decade, our EnviroAction program has helped us significantly improve how we manage energy, water, and waste in every one of our manufacturing locations. In January 2022, we further increased our efforts by committing to set science-based targets to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and achieve net zero emissions by 2050. These new commitments have been recognized by the Science Based Targets initiative (SBTi) and build on years of progress under our EnviroAction program. In June 2023, we took the next step forward in our science-based targets journey by submitting our proposed targets to the SBTi for review. With our global scale, deep industry experience, and strong capabilities, we believe that we are uniquely positioned to lead the way in the design and development of more sustainable packaging, and this is one of the most important growth opportunities for Amcor. Governmental Laws and Regulations Our operations and the real property we own, or lease, are subject to broad governmental laws and regulations, including environmental laws and regulations by multiple jurisdictions. These laws and regulations pertain to employee health 9 10 Amcor Annual Report 2023 FINAL FINAL Form10-K 25 this year has been on Accelerating Growth with showcase presentations from Marketing, R&D, Product Branding, and Innovation Leaders. Diversity, Equity & Inclusion At Amcor, we’re committed to providing an inclusive environment that empowers us to achieve our full potential. Becoming THE leading global packaging company requires us to create a culture in which everyone feels encouraged to speak and compelled to listen. Amcor values the diverse experience, strengths, styles, nationalities, and cultures of all our people. Our diversity, equity and inclusion strategy is focused on three main areas: (1) building awareness through training and education to help our leaders be more inclusive, (2) diversifying our global talent pool by removing bias from talent attraction and development, and (3) by sharing best practices and learning across the organization. Amcor believes that with different perspectives come different solutions that enable us to win for our stakeholders. We are one global team in which everyone has a voice and can make a difference. With this in mind, we work to create a team environment that develops inclusive leaders, where we learn from our people, and where listening, trust, and respect are key behaviors that form the foundation of our interactions and foster mutual understanding. We focus on strengthening 'talent through diversity' and progress is reported to our Board annually. We continually review opportunities to strengthen our diversity transparency practices while adhering to privacy legislation in certain regions where we operate. The Board receives an annual report on our progress towards its diversity, equity, and inclusion efforts. At Amcor, we believe strongly in Engagement being a key driver of performance and so we track the engagement of our employees in every region and across multiple dimensions, including against other global manufacturing companies through engagement surveys. Our engagement surveys provide employees with an opportunity to share anonymous and confidential feedback on a variety of topics and provide management with insight on areas we can focus on to improve our employees' experience and effect positive change. Engagement Ethics Good corporate governance and transparency are fundamental to achieving our aspirations. Our employees are expected to act with integrity and objectivity and to always strive to enhance our reputation and performance. We maintain a Code of Business Conduct and Ethics Policy which is signed by every Amcor employee and provides our framework for making ethical business decisions. We provide targeted training across the globe to reinforce our commitment to ethics and drive adherence to the national laws in each country in which we operate. Human Capital Management Overview Amcor’s aspiration is to be ‘THE leading global packaging company'. Our people are core to the achievement of our aspiration. We believe we are winning for our people when they feel safe, engaged, and are developing as part of a high- performing, global team. We strive to build an outperformance culture in which we consistently deliver results and strive to surpass expectations. At Amcor, we are stronger because of the diverse strengths, styles, cultures, and experiences of our people. We aim to create inclusive working environments to ensure each colleague feels valued, treated with respect, encouraged to speak, and empowered to be their best. As of June 30, 2023, we had approximately 41,000 employees, including part-time and temporary workers, worldwide, with approximately 30% located in North America, 30% located in Europe, 20% located in Latin America, and 20% located in the Asia Pacific region. Collective bargaining agreements cover approximately 45% of our workforce. As of June 30, 2023, approximately 3% of our employees were working under expired contracts and approximately 17% were covered under collective bargaining agreements that expire within one year. Health and Safety Safety is a core value at Amcor. We take care of ourselves and each other, so everyone returns home safely every day. Across every level of our organization, we role model and recognize safe and responsible behavior as we strive to achieve an injury-free Amcor. All our facilities abide by global Environment, Health, and Safety ("EHS") standards for safety and environmental management. Our Board of Directors receives monthly reports on safety performance and compliance with our global EHS standards. During fiscal year 2023, we reduced the number of injuries by 31% and 69% of our sites were injury free. Developing Talent At Amcor, we are dedicated to attracting, developing, engaging, and retaining the best talent to deliver our 'Winning Aspiration' and ensure a strong succession pipeline for the future. Our fiscal years 2023-2027 Human Capital Strategy is focused on ensuring that we have the right people in the right jobs at the right time to drive our growth agenda. Our approach to talent is guided by the understanding that by creating a truly differentiated, industry-leading pool of talent which can be deployed consistently across our business, we will better enable Amcor’s success. Amcor is dedicated to attracting, developing, engaging, and retaining the best talent and strengthening our succession pipeline for the future. We have a range of executive development, leadership training, education, and awareness programs to help employees progress across all functions and experience levels. We deploy systems and processes to ensure our people have clear goals and are empowered to achieve them. Through performance management, we align these goals to business targets, providing line of sight so each employee understands how they contribute to our success. Through formal reviews, performance coaching, and feedback, our leaders implement a rigorous cycle to foster talent. Learning & Development We have implemented training and education programs to help our employees progress across functions and experience levels. Examples of these programs include a Leading to Outperform program ("LTO") to further advance high- potential talent, a Senior Leader Development program ("SLDP") focusing on developing strategic management skills and inclusive leadership. In fiscal year 2023, we introduced a new aspect to our Executive Development program ("EDP"). This annual program targets our most senior leaders and provides them an immersive experience in Strategy Development and leading Talent. For fiscal year 2023, we selected a handful of the organization's most high potential leaders and kicked off our EDP 2.0 experience where we seek to expand the participants' capabilities. In each of these programs, we partner with leading academic and executive education institutions from around the world. Recognizing the importance of the learning journey, our employees can also access our "Masterclass" program which delivers an annual series of executive education briefings on topics of functional excellence and business initiatives. Our focus 11 12 Amcor Annual Report 2023 FINAL FINAL Form10-K 25 Form10-K 26 this year has been on Accelerating Growth with showcase presentations from Marketing, R&D, Product Branding, and Innovation Leaders. Diversity, Equity & Inclusion At Amcor, we’re committed to providing an inclusive environment that empowers us to achieve our full potential. Becoming THE leading global packaging company requires us to create a culture in which everyone feels encouraged to speak and compelled to listen. Amcor values the diverse experience, strengths, styles, nationalities, and cultures of all our people. Our diversity, equity and inclusion strategy is focused on three main areas: (1) building awareness through training and education to help our leaders be more inclusive, (2) diversifying our global talent pool by removing bias from talent attraction and development, and (3) by sharing best practices and learning across the organization. Amcor believes that with different perspectives come different solutions that enable us to win for our stakeholders. We are one global team in which everyone has a voice and can make a difference. With this in mind, we work to create a team environment that develops inclusive leaders, where we learn from our people, and where listening, trust, and respect are key behaviors that form the foundation of our interactions and foster mutual understanding. We focus on strengthening 'talent through diversity' and progress is reported to our Board annually. We continually review opportunities to strengthen our diversity transparency practices while adhering to privacy legislation in certain regions where we operate. The Board receives an annual report on our progress towards its diversity, equity, and inclusion efforts. Engagement At Amcor, we believe strongly in Engagement being a key driver of performance and so we track the engagement of our employees in every region and across multiple dimensions, including against other global manufacturing companies through engagement surveys. Our engagement surveys provide employees with an opportunity to share anonymous and confidential feedback on a variety of topics and provide management with insight on areas we can focus on to improve our employees' experience and effect positive change. Ethics Good corporate governance and transparency are fundamental to achieving our aspirations. Our employees are expected to act with integrity and objectivity and to always strive to enhance our reputation and performance. We maintain a Code of Business Conduct and Ethics Policy which is signed by every Amcor employee and provides our framework for making ethical business decisions. We provide targeted training across the globe to reinforce our commitment to ethics and drive adherence to the national laws in each country in which we operate. Human Capital Management Overview Amcor’s aspiration is to be ‘THE leading global packaging company'. Our people are core to the achievement of our aspiration. We believe we are winning for our people when they feel safe, engaged, and are developing as part of a high- performing, global team. We strive to build an outperformance culture in which we consistently deliver results and strive to surpass expectations. At Amcor, we are stronger because of the diverse strengths, styles, cultures, and experiences of our people. We aim to create inclusive working environments to ensure each colleague feels valued, treated with respect, encouraged to speak, and empowered to be their best. As of June 30, 2023, we had approximately 41,000 employees, including part-time and temporary workers, worldwide, with approximately 30% located in North America, 30% located in Europe, 20% located in Latin America, and 20% located in the Asia Pacific region. Collective bargaining agreements cover approximately 45% of our workforce. As of June 30, 2023, approximately 3% of our employees were working under expired contracts and approximately 17% were covered under collective bargaining agreements that expire within one year. Safety is a core value at Amcor. We take care of ourselves and each other, so everyone returns home safely every day. Across every level of our organization, we role model and recognize safe and responsible behavior as we strive to achieve an injury-free Amcor. All our facilities abide by global Environment, Health, and Safety ("EHS") standards for safety and environmental management. Our Board of Directors receives monthly reports on safety performance and compliance with our global EHS standards. During fiscal year 2023, we reduced the number of injuries by 31% and 69% of our sites were injury Health and Safety free. Developing Talent At Amcor, we are dedicated to attracting, developing, engaging, and retaining the best talent to deliver our 'Winning Aspiration' and ensure a strong succession pipeline for the future. Our fiscal years 2023-2027 Human Capital Strategy is focused on ensuring that we have the right people in the right jobs at the right time to drive our growth agenda. Our approach to talent is guided by the understanding that by creating a truly differentiated, industry-leading pool of talent which can be deployed consistently across our business, we will better enable Amcor’s success. Amcor is dedicated to attracting, developing, engaging, and retaining the best talent and strengthening our succession pipeline for the future. We have a range of executive development, leadership training, education, and awareness programs to help employees progress across all functions and experience levels. We deploy systems and processes to ensure our people have clear goals and are empowered to achieve them. Through performance management, we align these goals to business targets, providing line of sight so each employee understands how they contribute to our success. Through formal reviews, performance coaching, and feedback, our leaders implement a rigorous cycle to foster talent. Learning & Development We have implemented training and education programs to help our employees progress across functions and experience levels. Examples of these programs include a Leading to Outperform program ("LTO") to further advance high- potential talent, a Senior Leader Development program ("SLDP") focusing on developing strategic management skills and inclusive leadership. In fiscal year 2023, we introduced a new aspect to our Executive Development program ("EDP"). This annual program targets our most senior leaders and provides them an immersive experience in Strategy Development and leading Talent. For fiscal year 2023, we selected a handful of the organization's most high potential leaders and kicked off our EDP 2.0 experience where we seek to expand the participants' capabilities. In each of these programs, we partner with leading academic and executive education institutions from around the world. Recognizing the importance of the learning journey, our employees can also access our "Masterclass" program which delivers an annual series of executive education briefings on topics of functional excellence and business initiatives. Our focus 11 12 Amcor Annual Report 2023 FINAL FINAL Form10-K 27 Information about our Executive Officers Item 1A. - Risk Factors The following sets forth the name, age, and business experience for at least the last five years of our executive officers. The following factors, as well as factors described elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K, or in other filings Unless otherwise indicated, positions shown are with Amcor. Name (Age) Positions Held Ronald Delia (52) Managing Director and Chief Executive Officer Executive VP, Finance and Chief Financial Officer VP and General Manager, Amcor Rigid Packaging Latin America Michael Casamento (52) Executive VP, Finance and Chief Financial Officer VP, Corporate Finance Susana Suarez Gonzalez (54) Executive VP and Chief Human Resources Officer Deborah Rasin (56) Executive VP, Chief Human Resources and Diversity & Inclusion Officer, International Flavors and Fragrances Executive VP and General Counsel Senior VP, Chief Legal Officer and Secretary, Hill-Rom Holdings Eric Roegner (53) President, Amcor Rigid Packaging Period the Position was Held 2015 to present 2011 to 2015 2008 to 2011 2015 to present 2014 to 2015 2022 to present 2016 to 2022 2022 to present 2016 to 2022 2018 to present Executive Leadership Roles, Arconic, Inc. (f/k/a Alcoa Inc.) 2006 to 2018 Fred Stephan (58) President, Amcor Flexibles North America President, Bemis North America Senior VP and General Manager of the Insulation Systems - Johns Manville Ian Wilson (65) Executive VP, Strategy and Development Michael Zacka (56) Available Information President, Amcor Flexibles Europe, Middle East and Africa President, Amcor Flexibles Asia Pacific and Chief Commercial Officer Tetra Pak Global Leadership Team 2019 to present 2017 to 2019 2011 to 2017 2000 to present 2021 to present 2017 to 2021 1996 to 2017 We are a large accelerated filer (as defined in the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”) Rule 12b-2) and we are also an electronic filer. Electronically filed reports (Forms 4, 8-K, 10-K, 10-Q, S-3, S-8, etc.) can be accessed at the SEC's website (http://www.sec.gov). We make available free of charge (other than an investor’s own Internet access charges) through the Investor Relations section of our website (http://www.amcor.com/investors), under "Financial Information" and then "SEC Filings," our Annual Report on Form 10-K, Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q, Current Reports on Form 8-K, and if applicable, amendments to those reports filed or furnished pursuant to Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Exchange Act as soon as reasonably practicable after we electronically file such material with, or furnish it to, the SEC. You may also obtain these reports by writing to us, Attention: Investor Relations, Amcor plc, Level 11, 60 City Road, Southbank, VIC, 3006, Australia. We are not including the information contained on our website as part of, or incorporating it by reference into, this Annual Report on Form 10-K. 13 14 by us with the Securities and Exchange Commission, could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations, or cash flows. Other factors not presently known to us or that we presently believe are not material could also affect our business operations and financial results. Strategic Risks numerous industries. Changes in Consumer Demand — We are exposed to changes in consumer demand patterns and customer requirements in Sales of our products and services depend heavily on the volume of sales made by our customers to consumers. Alternative consumer preferences for products in the industries that we serve or the packaging formats in which such products are delivered, whether as a result of changes in cost, economic environments, regulatory developments (including end user taxes), convenience or health, environmental, and social concerns, and perceptions, such as pressure to reduce packaging waste and the use of petrochemical components, may result in a decline in the demand for certain of our products or the obsolescence of some of our existing products. Any new products we produce may fail to meet sales or margin expectations due to various factors, including our or our customers' inability to accurately predict customer demand, end user preferences or movements in industry standards, or to develop products that meet consumer demand in a timely and cost-effective manner. Changing preferences for products and packaging formats may result in increased demand for other products we produce. However, if changing preferences are not offset by demand for new or alternative products, changes in consumer preferences could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations, or cash flows. Key Customers and Customer Consolidation — The loss of key customers, a reduction in their production requirements or consolidation among key customers could have a significant adverse impact on our sales revenue and profitability. Relationships with our customers are fundamental to our success, particularly given the nature of the packaging industry and other supply choices available to customers. While we do not have a single customer accounting for more than 10% of our net sales, customer concentration can be more pronounced within certain businesses. Consequently, the loss of any of our key customers or any significant reduction in their production requirements, or an adverse change in the terms of our supply agreements with them, could reduce our sales revenue and net profit. In addition, acts of war and terrorism can impact local demand for our products. Although we have been largely successful in retaining customer relationships in the past, there is no assurance that existing customer relationships will be renewed at existing volume, product mix, or price levels, or at all. Customers with operations subject to physical risks, including those caused by climate change, may relocate production to less affected areas, which could be beyond the range of Amcor's production sites. Supplying such relocated facilities may lead to additional costs. New regulations can also affect our relationships with customers. Any loss, change, or other adverse event related to our key customer relationships could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations, or cash flows. Furthermore, in recent years, some of our customers have acquired companies with similar or complementary product lines. This consolidation has increased the concentration of our business with these customers. Such consolidation may be accompanied by pressure from customers for lower prices, reflecting the increase in the total volume of products purchased or the elimination of a price differential between the acquiring customer and the acquired company. While we have generally been successful in managing customer consolidations, increased pricing pressures from our customers could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations. affect our business. Competition — We face significant competition in the industries and regions in which we operate, which could adversely We operate in highly competitive geographies and end use areas, each with varying barriers to entry, industry structures, and competitive behavior. We regularly bid for new and continuing business in the industries and regions in which we operate, and we continually adapt to changes in consumer demand. While we cannot predict with certainty the changes that may impact our competitiveness, the main methods of competition in the general packaging industry include price, innovation, sustainability, service, and quality. Amcor Annual Report 2023 Information about our Executive Officers Item 1A. - Risk Factors FINAL FINAL Form10-K 27 Form10-K 28 The following sets forth the name, age, and business experience for at least the last five years of our executive officers. Unless otherwise indicated, positions shown are with Amcor. Period the Position was Held 2015 to present 2011 to 2015 2008 to 2011 2015 to present 2014 to 2015 2022 to present 2016 to 2022 2022 to present 2016 to 2022 2018 to present 2019 to present 2017 to 2019 2011 to 2017 Name (Age) Positions Held Ronald Delia (52) Managing Director and Chief Executive Officer Executive VP, Finance and Chief Financial Officer VP and General Manager, Amcor Rigid Packaging Latin America Michael Casamento (52) Executive VP, Finance and Chief Financial Officer VP, Corporate Finance Susana Suarez Gonzalez (54) Executive VP and Chief Human Resources Officer Deborah Rasin (56) Executive VP and General Counsel Executive VP, Chief Human Resources and Diversity & Inclusion Officer, International Flavors and Fragrances Senior VP, Chief Legal Officer and Secretary, Hill-Rom Holdings Eric Roegner (53) President, Amcor Rigid Packaging Executive Leadership Roles, Arconic, Inc. (f/k/a Alcoa Inc.) 2006 to 2018 Fred Stephan (58) President, Amcor Flexibles North America President, Bemis North America Senior VP and General Manager of the Insulation Systems - Johns Manville Ian Wilson (65) Executive VP, Strategy and Development 2000 to present Michael Zacka (56) President, Amcor Flexibles Europe, Middle East and Africa 2021 to present President, Amcor Flexibles Asia Pacific and Chief Commercial 2017 to 2021 Officer Tetra Pak Global Leadership Team 1996 to 2017 Available Information We are a large accelerated filer (as defined in the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”) Rule 12b-2) and we are also an electronic filer. Electronically filed reports (Forms 4, 8-K, 10-K, 10-Q, S-3, S-8, etc.) can be accessed at the SEC's website (http://www.sec.gov). We make available free of charge (other than an investor’s own Internet access charges) through the Investor Relations section of our website (http://www.amcor.com/investors), under "Financial Information" and then "SEC Filings," our Annual Report on Form 10-K, Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q, Current Reports on Form 8-K, and if applicable, amendments to those reports filed or furnished pursuant to Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Exchange Act as soon as reasonably practicable after we electronically file such material with, or furnish it to, the SEC. You may also obtain these reports by writing to us, Attention: Investor Relations, Amcor plc, Level 11, 60 City Road, Southbank, VIC, 3006, Australia. We are not including the information contained on our website as part of, or incorporating it by reference into, this Annual Report on Form 10-K. The following factors, as well as factors described elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K, or in other filings by us with the Securities and Exchange Commission, could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations, or cash flows. Other factors not presently known to us or that we presently believe are not material could also affect our business operations and financial results. Strategic Risks Changes in Consumer Demand — We are exposed to changes in consumer demand patterns and customer requirements in numerous industries. Sales of our products and services depend heavily on the volume of sales made by our customers to consumers. Alternative consumer preferences for products in the industries that we serve or the packaging formats in which such products are delivered, whether as a result of changes in cost, economic environments, regulatory developments (including end user taxes), convenience or health, environmental, and social concerns, and perceptions, such as pressure to reduce packaging waste and the use of petrochemical components, may result in a decline in the demand for certain of our products or the obsolescence of some of our existing products. Any new products we produce may fail to meet sales or margin expectations due to various factors, including our or our customers' inability to accurately predict customer demand, end user preferences or movements in industry standards, or to develop products that meet consumer demand in a timely and cost-effective manner. Changing preferences for products and packaging formats may result in increased demand for other products we produce. However, if changing preferences are not offset by demand for new or alternative products, changes in consumer preferences could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations, or cash flows. Key Customers and Customer Consolidation — The loss of key customers, a reduction in their production requirements or consolidation among key customers could have a significant adverse impact on our sales revenue and profitability. Relationships with our customers are fundamental to our success, particularly given the nature of the packaging industry and other supply choices available to customers. While we do not have a single customer accounting for more than 10% of our net sales, customer concentration can be more pronounced within certain businesses. Consequently, the loss of any of our key customers or any significant reduction in their production requirements, or an adverse change in the terms of our supply agreements with them, could reduce our sales revenue and net profit. In addition, acts of war and terrorism can impact local demand for our products. Although we have been largely successful in retaining customer relationships in the past, there is no assurance that existing customer relationships will be renewed at existing volume, product mix, or price levels, or at all. Customers with operations subject to physical risks, including those caused by climate change, may relocate production to less affected areas, which could be beyond the range of Amcor's production sites. Supplying such relocated facilities may lead to additional costs. New regulations can also affect our relationships with customers. Any loss, change, or other adverse event related to our key customer relationships could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations, or cash flows. Furthermore, in recent years, some of our customers have acquired companies with similar or complementary product lines. This consolidation has increased the concentration of our business with these customers. Such consolidation may be accompanied by pressure from customers for lower prices, reflecting the increase in the total volume of products purchased or the elimination of a price differential between the acquiring customer and the acquired company. While we have generally been successful in managing customer consolidations, increased pricing pressures from our customers could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations. Competition — We face significant competition in the industries and regions in which we operate, which could adversely affect our business. We operate in highly competitive geographies and end use areas, each with varying barriers to entry, industry structures, and competitive behavior. We regularly bid for new and continuing business in the industries and regions in which we operate, and we continually adapt to changes in consumer demand. While we cannot predict with certainty the changes that may impact our competitiveness, the main methods of competition in the general packaging industry include price, innovation, sustainability, service, and quality. 13 14 Amcor Annual Report 2023 FINAL FINAL Form10-K 29 The loss of business from our larger customers, or the renewal of business on less favorable terms, may have a significant impact on our operating results. Additionally, our competitors may develop disruptive technologies or other technological innovations that could increase their ability to compete for our current or potential customers. We cannot guarantee that the actions of established or potential competitors will not materially adversely affect our ability to implement our plans and our business, financial condition, results of operations, or cash flows. Expanding Our Current Business — We may be unable to expand our current business effectively through either organic growth, including product innovation, investments, or acquisitions. Our business strategy includes both organic expansion of our existing operations, particularly through efforts to strengthen and expand relationships with customers in emerging markets, product innovation (including to address changes in the industry or regulatory environments) and expansion through investments and acquisitions. However, we may not be able to execute our strategy effectively for reasons within and outside our control. Our ability to grow organically may be limited by, among other things, extensive saturation in the locations in which we operate or a change or reduction in our customers’ growth plans due to changing economic conditions, strategic priorities, or otherwise. For many of our businesses, organic growth depends on product innovation, new product development, and timely responses to changing consumer demands and preferences. Consequently, failure to develop new or improved products in response to changing consumer preferences in a timely manner may hinder our growth potential, impact our competitive position, and adversely affect our business and results of operations. Additionally, over the past decade, we have pursued growth through acquisitions, and there can be no assurance that and subject to change. we will be able to identify suitable acquisition targets in the right geographic regions and with the right participation strategy in the future, or to complete such acquisitions on acceptable terms or at all. If we are unable to identify acquisition targets that meet our investment criteria and close such transactions on acceptable terms, our potential for growth by way of acquisition may be restricted, which could have a material adverse effect on the achievement of our strategy and the resulting expected financial benefits. We have also invested in companies which we do not control through our corporate venturing function. Our investment partners or other parties that hold the remaining ownership interests in companies we do not control may not have interests that are aligned with our goals. We have recognized impairment losses in the past in connection with our investments and we may be required to do so again in the future. We also may face challenges in integrating acquisitions with our existing operations. These challenges could include difficulties in integrating or consolidating business processes and systems, as well as challenges in integrating business cultures, which may result in synergies from acquisitions not being fully realized or taking longer to realize than expected or incurring additional costs to do so. Further, in pursuing growth through acquisitions, we face additional risks common with an acquisition strategy, including failure to identify significant contingencies or legal liabilities in the due diligence process, diversion of management's attention from existing business, and interruptions to normal business operations resulting from the process of integrating operations. Operational Risks Global Economic Conditions — Challenging current and future global economic conditions, including the Russia-Ukraine conflict and inflation, have had, and may continue to have, a negative impact on our business operations and financial results. Demand for our products and services depends on consumer demand for our packaging products, including packaged food, beverages, healthcare, personal care, agribusiness, industrial, and other consumer goods. Geopolitical events, such as increased trade barriers or restrictions on global trade, political, financial, or social instability, wars, civil or social unrest, natural disasters, or health crises, could result in general economic downturns, such as a recession or economic slowdown, and could adversely affect our business operations and financial results. Current global economic challenges, including the Russia-Ukraine conflict and relatively high inflation, may continue to put pressure on our business. For example, in advance of the Russia-Ukraine conflict, we proactively suspended operations at our small manufacturing site in Ukraine. We also operated three manufacturing facilities in Russia ("Russian business") until their sale on December 23, 2022. We are investing $110 million to $130 million of the sale proceeds from the Russian business in various cost saving initiatives to partially offset divested earnings from the Russian business. Future unrest in other regions where we operate, and political developments could have a material impact on our financial condition. When challenging economic conditions exist, our customers may delay, decrease, or cancel purchases from us, and may also delay payment or fail to pay us altogether. Suppliers may have difficulty filling our orders and we may have difficulty getting our products to customers, which may affect our ability to meet customer demands and result in a loss of business. Weakened global economic conditions may also result in unfavorable changes in our product prices and product mix and lower profit margins. Although we take measures to mitigate the impact of inflation, including through pricing actions and productivity programs, if these actions are not effective, our cash flow, financial condition, and results of operations could be materially and adversely impacted. In addition, there could be a time lag between recognizing the benefit of our mitigating actions and the impact of inflation and there is no guarantee that our mitigating measures will fully offset the impact of inflation. operations and financial results. International Operations — Our international operations subject us to various risks that could adversely affect our business We have operations throughout the world, including facilities in emerging markets. In fiscal year 2023, approximately 74% of our sales revenue came from developed markets and 26% came from emerging markets. We expect to continue to expand our operations in the future, including in the emerging markets. Managing global operations is complex, particularly due to substantial differences in the cultural, political, and regulatory environments of the countries where we operate. In addition, many countries where we have operations, including Argentina, Brazil, China, Colombia, India, and Peru, have developing legal, regulatory, or political systems, that are dynamic The profitability of our operations may be adversely impacted by, among other things: changes in applicable fiscal or regulatory regimes; changes in, or difficulties in interpreting and complying with, local laws, sanctions, and regulations, including tax, labor, foreign investment, and foreign exchange control laws; nullification, modification, or renegotiation of, or difficulties or delays in enforcing contracts with clients or joint venture partners that are subject to local law; reversal of current political, judicial, or administrative policies encouraging foreign investment or foreign trade, or related to the use of local agents, representatives, or partners in relevant jurisdictions; trade restrictions, and quotas; wars, acts of terrorism, social and ethnic unrest, and geopolitical events; pandemics and other health crises impacting different regions of the world unequally; difficulties associated with expatriating or repatriating cash generated or held abroad; and changes in exchange rates and inflation, including hyperinflation. • • • • • • • • • Furthermore, prolonged periods of economic, legal, regulatory, or political instability in the emerging markets where we operate could have a material adverse effect on our business, cash flow, financial condition, and results of operations. The conflict between Russia and Ukraine has negatively impacted the global economy and led to various economic sanctions being imposed by the U.S., the European Union, the United Kingdom, and other countries against Russia. It is not possible to predict the broader or longer-term consequences of this conflict. Continued escalation of geopolitical tensions related to the conflict could result in the loss of property, supply chain disruptions, significant inflationary pressure on raw material prices and cost and supply of other resources (such as energy and natural gas), fluctuations in our customers’ buying patterns given regional shortages of food ingredients and other factors, credit and capital market disruption which could impact our ability to obtain financing, increase in interest rates, and adverse foreign exchange impacts. These broader consequences could have a material adverse effect on our business, cash flow, financial condition, and results of operations. Our international operations involve limited sales to entities located in countries subject to economic sanctions administered by the U.S. Office of Foreign Assets Control, the U.S. Department of State, and Trade and other applicable national and supranational organizations (collectively, "Sanctions"). We also operate in certain countries that are occasionally subject to Sanctions, which require us to maintain internal processes and control procedures. Failure to do so could result in breach by our employees of various laws and regulations, including those relating to money laundering, corruption, export control, fraud, bribery, insider trading, antitrust, competition, and economic sanctions, whether due to a lack of integrity or awareness or otherwise. Any such breach could result in sanctions (including fines and penalties) and could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and reputation. 15 16 Amcor Annual Report 2023 FINAL FINAL Form10-K 29 Form10-K 30 When challenging economic conditions exist, our customers may delay, decrease, or cancel purchases from us, and may also delay payment or fail to pay us altogether. Suppliers may have difficulty filling our orders and we may have difficulty getting our products to customers, which may affect our ability to meet customer demands and result in a loss of business. Weakened global economic conditions may also result in unfavorable changes in our product prices and product mix and lower profit margins. Although we take measures to mitigate the impact of inflation, including through pricing actions and productivity programs, if these actions are not effective, our cash flow, financial condition, and results of operations could be materially and adversely impacted. In addition, there could be a time lag between recognizing the benefit of our mitigating actions and the impact of inflation and there is no guarantee that our mitigating measures will fully offset the impact of inflation. International Operations — Our international operations subject us to various risks that could adversely affect our business operations and financial results. We have operations throughout the world, including facilities in emerging markets. In fiscal year 2023, approximately 74% of our sales revenue came from developed markets and 26% came from emerging markets. We expect to continue to expand our operations in the future, including in the emerging markets. Managing global operations is complex, particularly due to substantial differences in the cultural, political, and regulatory environments of the countries where we operate. In addition, many countries where we have operations, including Argentina, Brazil, China, Colombia, India, and Peru, have developing legal, regulatory, or political systems, that are dynamic and subject to change. the future, or to complete such acquisitions on acceptable terms or at all. If we are unable to identify acquisition targets that The profitability of our operations may be adversely impacted by, among other things: management's attention from existing business, and interruptions to normal business operations resulting from the process of we operate could have a material adverse effect on our business, cash flow, financial condition, and results of operations. • • • • • • • • • changes in applicable fiscal or regulatory regimes; changes in, or difficulties in interpreting and complying with, local laws, sanctions, and regulations, including tax, labor, foreign investment, and foreign exchange control laws; nullification, modification, or renegotiation of, or difficulties or delays in enforcing contracts with clients or joint venture partners that are subject to local law; reversal of current political, judicial, or administrative policies encouraging foreign investment or foreign trade, or related to the use of local agents, representatives, or partners in relevant jurisdictions; trade restrictions, and quotas; wars, acts of terrorism, social and ethnic unrest, and geopolitical events; pandemics and other health crises impacting different regions of the world unequally; difficulties associated with expatriating or repatriating cash generated or held abroad; and changes in exchange rates and inflation, including hyperinflation. Furthermore, prolonged periods of economic, legal, regulatory, or political instability in the emerging markets where The conflict between Russia and Ukraine has negatively impacted the global economy and led to various economic sanctions being imposed by the U.S., the European Union, the United Kingdom, and other countries against Russia. It is not possible to predict the broader or longer-term consequences of this conflict. Continued escalation of geopolitical tensions related to the conflict could result in the loss of property, supply chain disruptions, significant inflationary pressure on raw material prices and cost and supply of other resources (such as energy and natural gas), fluctuations in our customers’ buying patterns given regional shortages of food ingredients and other factors, credit and capital market disruption which could impact our ability to obtain financing, increase in interest rates, and adverse foreign exchange impacts. These broader consequences could have a material adverse effect on our business, cash flow, financial condition, and results of operations. Our international operations involve limited sales to entities located in countries subject to economic sanctions administered by the U.S. Office of Foreign Assets Control, the U.S. Department of State, and Trade and other applicable national and supranational organizations (collectively, "Sanctions"). We also operate in certain countries that are occasionally subject to Sanctions, which require us to maintain internal processes and control procedures. Failure to do so could result in breach by our employees of various laws and regulations, including those relating to money laundering, corruption, export control, fraud, bribery, insider trading, antitrust, competition, and economic sanctions, whether due to a lack of integrity or awareness or otherwise. Any such breach could result in sanctions (including fines and penalties) and could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and reputation. 15 16 The loss of business from our larger customers, or the renewal of business on less favorable terms, may have a significant impact on our operating results. Additionally, our competitors may develop disruptive technologies or other technological innovations that could increase their ability to compete for our current or potential customers. We cannot guarantee that the actions of established or potential competitors will not materially adversely affect our ability to implement our plans and our business, financial condition, results of operations, or cash flows. Expanding Our Current Business — We may be unable to expand our current business effectively through either organic growth, including product innovation, investments, or acquisitions. Our business strategy includes both organic expansion of our existing operations, particularly through efforts to strengthen and expand relationships with customers in emerging markets, product innovation (including to address changes in the industry or regulatory environments) and expansion through investments and acquisitions. However, we may not be able to execute our strategy effectively for reasons within and outside our control. Our ability to grow organically may be limited by, among other things, extensive saturation in the locations in which we operate or a change or reduction in our customers’ growth plans due to changing economic conditions, strategic priorities, or otherwise. For many of our businesses, organic growth depends on product innovation, new product development, and timely responses to changing consumer demands and preferences. Consequently, failure to develop new or improved products in response to changing consumer preferences in a timely manner may hinder our growth potential, impact our competitive position, and adversely affect our business and results of operations. Additionally, over the past decade, we have pursued growth through acquisitions, and there can be no assurance that we will be able to identify suitable acquisition targets in the right geographic regions and with the right participation strategy in meet our investment criteria and close such transactions on acceptable terms, our potential for growth by way of acquisition may be restricted, which could have a material adverse effect on the achievement of our strategy and the resulting expected financial benefits. We have also invested in companies which we do not control through our corporate venturing function. Our investment partners or other parties that hold the remaining ownership interests in companies we do not control may not have interests that are aligned with our goals. We have recognized impairment losses in the past in connection with our investments and we may be required to do so again in the future. We also may face challenges in integrating acquisitions with our existing operations. These challenges could include difficulties in integrating or consolidating business processes and systems, as well as challenges in integrating business cultures, which may result in synergies from acquisitions not being fully realized or taking longer to realize than expected or incurring additional costs to do so. Further, in pursuing growth through acquisitions, we face additional risks common with an acquisition strategy, including failure to identify significant contingencies or legal liabilities in the due diligence process, diversion of integrating operations. Operational Risks results. Global Economic Conditions — Challenging current and future global economic conditions, including the Russia-Ukraine conflict and inflation, have had, and may continue to have, a negative impact on our business operations and financial Demand for our products and services depends on consumer demand for our packaging products, including packaged food, beverages, healthcare, personal care, agribusiness, industrial, and other consumer goods. Geopolitical events, such as increased trade barriers or restrictions on global trade, political, financial, or social instability, wars, civil or social unrest, natural disasters, or health crises, could result in general economic downturns, such as a recession or economic slowdown, and could adversely affect our business operations and financial results. Current global economic challenges, including the Russia-Ukraine conflict and relatively high inflation, may continue to put pressure on our business. For example, in advance of the Russia-Ukraine conflict, we proactively suspended operations at our small manufacturing site in Ukraine. We also operated three manufacturing facilities in Russia ("Russian business") until their sale on December 23, 2022. We are investing $110 million to $130 million of the sale proceeds from the Russian business in various cost saving initiatives to partially offset divested earnings from the Russian business. Future unrest in other regions where we operate, and political developments could have a material impact on our financial condition. Amcor Annual Report 2023 FINAL FINAL Form10-K 31 Raw Materials — Price fluctuations or shortages in the availability of raw materials, energy and other inputs could adversely affect our business. likely to be more expensive. The occurrence of any of these risks could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations, or cash flows, which may result in a competitive disadvantage. As a manufacturer of packaging products, our sales and profitability are dependent on the availability and cost of raw Health Crises — Our business and operations may be adversely affected by pandemics, epidemics, or other disease materials, labor, and other inputs, including energy. All of the raw materials we use are purchased from third parties, and our primary inputs include polymer resins and films, paper, inks, solvents, adhesive, aluminum, and chemicals. Prices for these raw materials are subject to substantial fluctuations that are beyond our control due to factors such as changing economic conditions (including inflation), currency and commodity price fluctuations, resource availability and other supply chain challenges, transportation costs, geopolitical risks (including war such as the Russia-Ukraine conflict), pandemics and other health crises, an increase in the demand for products manufactured from recycled materials, weather conditions and natural disasters, greenhouse gas emissions and other sustainability related regulations, and other factors impacting supply and demand pressures. For example, in fiscal year 2023, energy prices for oil and natural gas have been volatile in Europe (mainly due to the Russia- Ukraine conflict) and may continue to fluctuate in the future. Additionally, changes in international trade policy in the countries in which we operate could materially impact the cost and supply of raw materials as duties are assessed on raw materials used in our production process and the global supply of key raw materials is disrupted. For example, in 2018, the U.S. government imposed a 10% tariff on all aluminum imports into the United States from China and in March 2023, the U.S. Department of Commerce preliminarily determined that imports of aluminum from Thailand and South Korea are circumventing the duties on aluminum from China which could result in retroactive duties on purchases for which we are the importer of record which could have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations, or cash flows. While we have largely been able to successfully manage through these supply disruptions and related price volatility, there is no assurance that we will be able to successfully navigate ongoing and future disruptions. Increases in costs and disruptions in supply can have a material adverse effect on our business and financial results. We seek to mitigate these risks through various strategies, including entering into contracts with certain customers that permit price adjustments to reflect increased raw material and other costs or by otherwise seeking to increase our prices to offset increases in raw material and other costs and seeking alternative sources of supply for key raw materials. However, there is no guarantee that we will be able to anticipate or mitigate commodity and input price movements or supply disruptions. In addition, there may be delays in adjusting prices to correspond with underlying raw material costs and corresponding impacts on our working capital and level of indebtedness and any failure to anticipate or mitigate against such movements could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations, or cash flows. Commercial Risks — We are subject to production, supply, and other commercial risks, including counterparty credit risks, which may be exacerbated in times of economic volatility. We face a number of commercial risks, including (i) operational disruption, such as mechanical or technological failures or forced closures due to war (such as the Russia-Ukraine conflict) or health crises, each of which could lead to production loss and/or increased costs, (ii) shortages in manufacturing inputs due to the loss of key suppliers or their inability to supply inputs, and (iii) risks associated with development projects (such as cost overruns and delays). Supply or workforce shortages, fluctuations in freight costs, limitations on shipping capacity, or other disruptions in our supply chain, including sourcing materials from a single supplier or those that may occur related to war, natural disasters, or health crises, could affect our ability to obtain timely delivery of raw materials, equipment, and other supplies, and in turn, adversely impact our ability to supply products to our customers. Additionally, climate change could have negative effects on agricultural productivity, leading customers to face both availability and price challenges with agricultural commodities, which may impact the demand for our products. For example, in fiscal year 2023, adverse weather conditions in the United States reduced cattle herds, leading to a rise in meat prices, which ultimately contributed to lower meat packaging sales volumes. We cannot predict the potential magnitude of these commercial risks on our business, financial condition, results of operations, or cash flows. Additionally, the insolvency of, or contractual default by, any of our customers, suppliers, and financial institutions, such as banks and insurance providers, may have a material adverse effect on our operations and financial condition. Such risks are exacerbated in times of economic volatility (such as economic volatility caused by the Russia-Ukraine conflict), either globally or in the geographies and industries in which our customers operate. If a counterparty defaults on a payment obligation to us, we may be unable to collect the amounts owed, and some or all of these outstanding amounts may need to be written off. If a counterparty becomes insolvent or is otherwise unable to meet its obligations in connection with a particular project, we may need to find a replacement to fulfill that party’s obligations or, alternatively, fulfill those obligations ourselves, which is outbreaks. Our business and financial results may be negatively impacted by outbreaks of contagious diseases, including COVID-19. Health crises have in the past and could in the future result in supply chain disruptions due to the temporary closure of our facilities, the facilities of our suppliers, or other suppliers in our supply chain, the shut-down of customers’ operations, volatility in raw material costs, and labor shortages and may have broader global economic or geopolitical implications. For example, the Chinese government imposed sporadic COVID-19 related lockdowns in the first half of fiscal year 2023, which resulted in lower demand for our products and also impacted global supply chains. While we have established protocols to manage these potential impacts, the extent to which health crises may impact our business and operations is unknown and the effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations, or cash flows could be material. Attracting and Retaining Skilled Workforce — If we are unable to attract and retain our global executive management team and our skilled workforce, we may be adversely affected. Our continued success depends on our ability to identify, attract, develop, and retain skilled and diverse personnel in our global executive management team and our operations. We focus on our talent acquisition processes, as well as our onboarding and talent and leadership programs, to ensure that our key new hires and skilled personnel’s efficiency and effectiveness align with Amcor’s values and ways of working. However, any failure to successfully transition key new hires and retain our skilled personnel in our global executive management team and in any of our operations could impact our ability to execute on our strategic plans, make it difficult to meet our performance objectives, and be disruptive to our business. We are also impacted by regional labor shortages, inflationary pressures on wages, a competitive labor market, and changing demographics. While we have been successful to date in responding to regional labor shortages and maintaining plans for continuity of succession, there can be no assurance that we will be able to manage future labor shortages or recruit, develop, assimilate, motivate, and retain employees in the future who actively promote and meet the standards of our culture. Operational EHS Risks — We are subject to costs and liabilities related to environment, health and safety ("EHS") laws and regulations, as well as changes in the global climate, that could adversely affect our business. We are required to comply with EHS laws, rules, and regulations in each of the countries in which we operate and do business. Additionally, many of our products come into contact with healthcare products and food and beverages they package and therefore, we are also subject to certain local and international standards related to such products. Compliance with these laws and regulations can require a significant expenditure of financial and employee resources. Federal, state, provincial, and local laws and requirements pertaining to workplace health and safety conditions are significant factors in our business to assure our people at all locations are able to go home safely every day. Changes to these laws and requirements may result in additional costs and actions across the affected country and/or region. Various government agencies may promulgate new or modified legislation and implement special emphasis programs and enforcement actions that could impact specific Amcor operations covered by the respective program. Federal, state, provincial, foreign, and local environmental requirements relating to air, soil, and water quality, handling, discharge, storage, and disposal of a variety of substances, and climate change are also significant factors in our business, and changes to such requirements generally result in an increase to our costs of operations. We may be found to have environmental liability for the costs of remediating soil or water that is, or was, contaminated by us or a third-party at various facilities we own, used, or operate (including facilities that may be acquired by us in the future). Legal proceedings may result in the imposition of fines or penalties, as well as mandated remediation programs, that require substantial, and in some instances, unplanned capital expenditure. We have incurred in the past and may incur in the future, fines, penalties, and legal costs relating to environmental matters, and costs relating to the damage of natural resources, lost property values, and toxic tort claims. Provisions are raised when it is considered probable that we have some liability, and the amount can be reasonably estimated. However, because the extent of potential environmental damage and the extent of our liability for such damage, is usually difficult to assess and may only be ascertained over a long period of time, our actual liability in such cases may end up being substantially higher than the 17 18 Amcor Annual Report 2023 FINAL FINAL Form10-K 31 Form10-K 32 Raw Materials — Price fluctuations or shortages in the availability of raw materials, energy and other inputs could adversely affect our business. likely to be more expensive. The occurrence of any of these risks could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations, or cash flows, which may result in a competitive disadvantage. As a manufacturer of packaging products, our sales and profitability are dependent on the availability and cost of raw materials, labor, and other inputs, including energy. All of the raw materials we use are purchased from third parties, and our primary inputs include polymer resins and films, paper, inks, solvents, adhesive, aluminum, and chemicals. Prices for these raw materials are subject to substantial fluctuations that are beyond our control due to factors such as changing economic conditions (including inflation), currency and commodity price fluctuations, resource availability and other supply chain challenges, transportation costs, geopolitical risks (including war such as the Russia-Ukraine conflict), pandemics and other health crises, an increase in the demand for products manufactured from recycled materials, weather conditions and natural disasters, greenhouse gas emissions and other sustainability related regulations, and other factors impacting supply and demand pressures. For example, in fiscal year 2023, energy prices for oil and natural gas have been volatile in Europe (mainly due to the Russia- Ukraine conflict) and may continue to fluctuate in the future. Additionally, changes in international trade policy in the countries in which we operate could materially impact the cost and supply of raw materials as duties are assessed on raw materials used in our production process and the global supply of key raw materials is disrupted. For example, in 2018, the U.S. government imposed a 10% tariff on all aluminum imports into the United States from China and in March 2023, the U.S. Department of Commerce preliminarily determined that imports of aluminum from Thailand and South Korea are circumventing the duties on aluminum from China which could result in retroactive duties on purchases for which we are the importer of record which could have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations, or cash flows. While we have largely been able to successfully manage through these supply disruptions and related price volatility, there is no assurance that we will be able to successfully navigate ongoing and future disruptions. Increases in costs and disruptions in supply can have a material adverse effect on our business and financial results. We seek to mitigate these risks through various strategies, including entering into contracts with certain customers that permit price adjustments to reflect increased raw material and other costs or by otherwise seeking to increase our prices to offset increases in raw material and other costs and seeking alternative sources of supply for key raw materials. However, there is no guarantee that we will be able to anticipate or mitigate commodity and input price movements or supply disruptions. In addition, there may be delays in adjusting prices to correspond with underlying raw material costs and corresponding impacts on our working capital and level of indebtedness and any failure to anticipate or mitigate against such movements could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations, or cash flows. Commercial Risks — We are subject to production, supply, and other commercial risks, including counterparty credit risks, which may be exacerbated in times of economic volatility. We face a number of commercial risks, including (i) operational disruption, such as mechanical or technological failures or forced closures due to war (such as the Russia-Ukraine conflict) or health crises, each of which could lead to production loss and/or increased costs, (ii) shortages in manufacturing inputs due to the loss of key suppliers or their inability to supply inputs, and (iii) risks associated with development projects (such as cost overruns and delays). Supply or workforce shortages, fluctuations in freight costs, limitations on shipping capacity, or other disruptions in our supply chain, including sourcing materials from a single supplier or those that may occur related to war, natural disasters, or health crises, could affect our ability to obtain timely delivery of raw materials, equipment, and other supplies, and in turn, adversely impact our ability to supply products to our customers. Additionally, climate change could have negative effects on agricultural productivity, leading customers to face both availability and price challenges with agricultural commodities, which may impact the demand for our products. For example, in fiscal year 2023, adverse weather conditions in the United States reduced cattle herds, leading to a rise in meat prices, which ultimately contributed to lower meat packaging sales volumes. We cannot predict the potential magnitude of these commercial risks on our business, financial condition, results of operations, or cash flows. Additionally, the insolvency of, or contractual default by, any of our customers, suppliers, and financial institutions, such as banks and insurance providers, may have a material adverse effect on our operations and financial condition. Such risks are exacerbated in times of economic volatility (such as economic volatility caused by the Russia-Ukraine conflict), either globally or in the geographies and industries in which our customers operate. If a counterparty defaults on a payment obligation to us, we may be unable to collect the amounts owed, and some or all of these outstanding amounts may need to be written off. If a counterparty becomes insolvent or is otherwise unable to meet its obligations in connection with a particular project, we may need to find a replacement to fulfill that party’s obligations or, alternatively, fulfill those obligations ourselves, which is Health Crises — Our business and operations may be adversely affected by pandemics, epidemics, or other disease outbreaks. Our business and financial results may be negatively impacted by outbreaks of contagious diseases, including COVID-19. Health crises have in the past and could in the future result in supply chain disruptions due to the temporary closure of our facilities, the facilities of our suppliers, or other suppliers in our supply chain, the shut-down of customers’ operations, volatility in raw material costs, and labor shortages and may have broader global economic or geopolitical implications. For example, the Chinese government imposed sporadic COVID-19 related lockdowns in the first half of fiscal year 2023, which resulted in lower demand for our products and also impacted global supply chains. While we have established protocols to manage these potential impacts, the extent to which health crises may impact our business and operations is unknown and the effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations, or cash flows could be material. Attracting and Retaining Skilled Workforce — If we are unable to attract and retain our global executive management team and our skilled workforce, we may be adversely affected. Our continued success depends on our ability to identify, attract, develop, and retain skilled and diverse personnel in our global executive management team and our operations. We focus on our talent acquisition processes, as well as our onboarding and talent and leadership programs, to ensure that our key new hires and skilled personnel’s efficiency and effectiveness align with Amcor’s values and ways of working. However, any failure to successfully transition key new hires and retain our skilled personnel in our global executive management team and in any of our operations could impact our ability to execute on our strategic plans, make it difficult to meet our performance objectives, and be disruptive to our business. We are also impacted by regional labor shortages, inflationary pressures on wages, a competitive labor market, and changing demographics. While we have been successful to date in responding to regional labor shortages and maintaining plans for continuity of succession, there can be no assurance that we will be able to manage future labor shortages or recruit, develop, assimilate, motivate, and retain employees in the future who actively promote and meet the standards of our culture. Operational EHS Risks — We are subject to costs and liabilities related to environment, health and safety ("EHS") laws and regulations, as well as changes in the global climate, that could adversely affect our business. We are required to comply with EHS laws, rules, and regulations in each of the countries in which we operate and do business. Additionally, many of our products come into contact with healthcare products and food and beverages they package and therefore, we are also subject to certain local and international standards related to such products. Compliance with these laws and regulations can require a significant expenditure of financial and employee resources. Federal, state, provincial, and local laws and requirements pertaining to workplace health and safety conditions are significant factors in our business to assure our people at all locations are able to go home safely every day. Changes to these laws and requirements may result in additional costs and actions across the affected country and/or region. Various government agencies may promulgate new or modified legislation and implement special emphasis programs and enforcement actions that could impact specific Amcor operations covered by the respective program. Federal, state, provincial, foreign, and local environmental requirements relating to air, soil, and water quality, handling, discharge, storage, and disposal of a variety of substances, and climate change are also significant factors in our business, and changes to such requirements generally result in an increase to our costs of operations. We may be found to have environmental liability for the costs of remediating soil or water that is, or was, contaminated by us or a third-party at various facilities we own, used, or operate (including facilities that may be acquired by us in the future). Legal proceedings may result in the imposition of fines or penalties, as well as mandated remediation programs, that require substantial, and in some instances, unplanned capital expenditure. We have incurred in the past and may incur in the future, fines, penalties, and legal costs relating to environmental matters, and costs relating to the damage of natural resources, lost property values, and toxic tort claims. Provisions are raised when it is considered probable that we have some liability, and the amount can be reasonably estimated. However, because the extent of potential environmental damage and the extent of our liability for such damage, is usually difficult to assess and may only be ascertained over a long period of time, our actual liability in such cases may end up being substantially higher than the 17 18 Amcor Annual Report 2023 FINAL FINAL Form10-K 33 currently provisioned amount. Accordingly, additional charges could be incurred that would have an adverse effect on our operating results and financial position, which may be material. The effects of climate change and greenhouse gas effects may adversely affect our business. A number of governmental bodies have introduced, or are contemplating introducing, regulatory changes to address the impacts of climate change, which, where implemented, may have material adverse impacts on our operations or financial results. Labor Disputes — Our business could be adversely affected by labor disputes and an inability to renew collective bargaining agreements at acceptable terms. Approximately 45% of our employees are covered by collective bargaining agreements. Although we have not experienced any significant labor disputes in recent years, we have experienced isolated work stoppages from time to time. We may experience labor disputes in the future, including protests and strikes, which could disrupt our business operations and have an adverse effect on our business and results of operation. We may also be unable to renegotiate collective bargaining agreements at acceptable terms. Although we consider our relations with our employees to be good, we may be unable to maintain a satisfactory working relationship with our employees in the future. We may also be adversely affected by strikes and other labor disputes by the employees of our suppliers, customers, and other parties. Climate Change - Our business is subject to risks related to climate change which could negatively impact our business operations and financial results. Climate change may have a progressively adverse impact on our business and those of our customers, suppliers, and partners. Many of the geographic areas where our production is located and where we conduct business may be affected by natural disasters, including snowstorms, extreme heat, hurricanes, flooding, forest fires, deforestation, loss of biodiversity, earthquakes, and drought. Such events may have a physical impact on our facilities, workforce, inventory, suppliers, and equipment and any unplanned downtime at any of our facilities could result in unabsorbed costs that could negatively impact our results of operations. Additionally, climate change may result in higher insurance premiums or the inability to insure certain risks. Longer-term climate change patterns could significantly alter customer demand which is especially true for customers who rely on supply chains routinely impacted by weather. For example, agricultural supply chains would be impacted by increased levels of drought or flooding and customers in coastal regions would be impacted by frequent flooding. Information Technology and Cybersecurity Risks Cybersecurity Risk — The disruption of our operations or risk of loss of our sensitive business information could negatively impact our financial condition and results of operations. Increased cyber-attacks, including computer viruses, ransomware, unauthorized access attempts, phishing, hacking, and other types of attacks pose a risk to the security and availability of our information technology systems, including those provided by third parties. In addition to those traditional attacks, we face threats from sophisticated nation-state and nation- state-supported actors who engage in attacks, including advanced persistent threat intrusions. We have experienced and expect to continue to experience actual and attempted cyber-attacks on our information technology systems by threat parties of all types (including nation-states, criminal enterprises, individuals, or advanced persistent threat groups). Geopolitical turmoil, including as a result of the Russia-Ukraine conflict, evolution, scope, and sophistication of cyber-attacks, accessibility of our data by third parties through interconnected networks, and an increase in work-from-home arrangements heighten the risk of cyber-attacks. We have operational safeguards in place to detect and prevent cyber-attacks, such as employee training, monitoring of our networks and systems, ensuring strong data protection standards, and maintaining and upgrading security systems but it is virtually impossible to entirely eliminate this risk. To date, we have not experienced any significant impacts. However, our safeguards may not always be able to prevent a cyber-attack from impacting our systems or successfully execute our business recovery protocol, which could have a material impact on our business, financial condition, results of operations, or cash flows. In addition, our customers, suppliers, and third-party service providers are susceptible to cyber-attacks and disruption to their information technology systems, which could result in reduced demand for our products or limit our ability to supply our products. We also maintain and have access to sensitive, confidential, or personal data or information that is subject to privacy and security laws, regulations, and customer controls. Data privacy laws and regulations continue to evolve and impose more complex and stringent requirements especially in the U.S., Europe, and China, which increases the complexity of our processes and associated costs. Despite our efforts to protect such information and to comply with privacy and data protection laws and regulations, our facilities and systems and those of our customers and third-party service providers may be vulnerable to security breaches, cyber-attacks, misplaced or lost data, and programming and/or user errors that could lead to the compromising of sensitive, confidential, or personal data or information, the improper use of our systems and networks, and the manipulation and destruction of data. Information system damages, disruptions, shutdowns, or compromises could result in production downtimes and operational disruptions, transaction errors, loss of customers and business opportunities, violation of privacy laws and legal liability, regulatory fines, penalties or intervention, negative publicity resulting in reputational damage, reimbursement or compensatory payments, and other costs, any of which could have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations, or cash flows, which affect may be material and result in a competitive disadvantage. Although we attempt to mitigate these risks by employing a number of measures, our systems, networks, products, and services remain potentially vulnerable to advanced and persistent threats. Information Technology — A failure or disruption in our information technology systems could disrupt our operations, compromise customer, employee, supplier, and other data, and could negatively affect our business. We rely on the successful and uninterrupted functioning of our information technology and control systems to securely manage operations and various business functions, and on various technologies to process, store, and report information about our business, and to interact with customers, suppliers, and employees around the world. In addition, our information systems rely on internal information technology systems and third-party systems, including cloud solutions, which require different security measures. These measures cover technical changes to our network security, organization, and governance changes as well as alignment of third-party suppliers on market standards. As with all information technology systems, our systems may be susceptible to damage, disruption, information loss, or shutdown due to a variety of factors including power outages, failures during the process of upgrading or replacing software, hardware failures, cyber-attacks (e.g., phishing, ransomware, computer viruses), natural disasters, telecommunications failures, user errors, unauthorized access, and malicious or accidental destruction, or catastrophic events. While we have established and regularly test our business disaster recovery plan, there is no guarantee that it will resolve issues resulting from those disruptions in a timely manner. We may suffer material adverse effects on our business, financial condition, results of operations, and cash flows. Financial Risks negative impacts. Interest Rates — Rising interest rates increase our borrowing costs on our variable rate indebtedness and could have other As of June 30, 2023, approximately 30% of our indebtedness was subject to variable interest rates. When interest rates increase, our debt service obligations on our variable rate indebtedness increase even when the amount borrowed remains the same. Higher inflation, especially in Europe and the United States, has led central banks to rapidly raise interest rates throughout fiscal year 2023 to dampen inflation. These increases in interest rates will directly impact the amount of interest we pay on our variable rate obligations and continued or sustained increases in interest rates could negatively impact our business, financial condition, results of operations, or cash flow. Furthermore, sustained or continued increases in interest rates could increase the costs of obtaining new debt and refinancing existing fixed rate as well as variable rate indebtedness. We manage exposure to interest rates by maintaining a mixture of fixed-rate and variable-rate debt, monitoring global interest rates, and, where appropriate, entering into various derivative instruments. However, if our derivative instruments are not effective in mitigating our interest rate risk, if we are under-hedged, or if a hedge provider defaults on their obligations under hedging arrangements, it could have a material adverse impact on our business, financial condition, results of operations, or cash flow. In addition, continued increases in rising interest rates could reduce the attractiveness of cash management programs we use, such as customer and supply chain finance programs, which could negatively impact our cash and working capital and increase our borrowings. Refer to Note 14, "Debt," of the notes to consolidated financial statements for information about our variable rate borrowings. Also refer to "Item 7A. - Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk," including interest rate risk, in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. Indebtedness and Credit Rating — A significant increase in our indebtedness or a downgrade in our credit rating could reduce our operating flexibility and increase our borrowing costs and negatively affect our financial condition and results of operations. As of June 30, 2023, we had $6.7 billion of debt outstanding and a $1.3 billion of a $3.8 billion revolving credit facility undrawn and we are not restricted in incurring, and may incur, additional indebtedness in the future. Our ability to pay interest and repay the principal of our indebtedness is dependent on our ability to generate sufficient cash flows, which is 19 20 Amcor Annual Report 2023 FINAL FINAL Form10-K 33 Form10-K 34 currently provisioned amount. Accordingly, additional charges could be incurred that would have an adverse effect on our operating results and financial position, which may be material. The effects of climate change and greenhouse gas effects may adversely affect our business. A number of governmental bodies have introduced, or are contemplating introducing, regulatory changes to address the impacts of climate change, which, where implemented, may have material adverse impacts on our operations or financial results. Labor Disputes — Our business could be adversely affected by labor disputes and an inability to renew collective bargaining agreements at acceptable terms. Approximately 45% of our employees are covered by collective bargaining agreements. Although we have not experienced any significant labor disputes in recent years, we have experienced isolated work stoppages from time to time. We may experience labor disputes in the future, including protests and strikes, which could disrupt our business operations and have an adverse effect on our business and results of operation. We may also be unable to renegotiate collective bargaining agreements at acceptable terms. Although we consider our relations with our employees to be good, we may be unable to maintain a satisfactory working relationship with our employees in the future. We may also be adversely affected by strikes and other labor disputes by the employees of our suppliers, customers, and other parties. Climate Change - Our business is subject to risks related to climate change which could negatively impact our business operations and financial results. Climate change may have a progressively adverse impact on our business and those of our customers, suppliers, and partners. Many of the geographic areas where our production is located and where we conduct business may be affected by natural disasters, including snowstorms, extreme heat, hurricanes, flooding, forest fires, deforestation, loss of biodiversity, earthquakes, and drought. Such events may have a physical impact on our facilities, workforce, inventory, suppliers, and equipment and any unplanned downtime at any of our facilities could result in unabsorbed costs that could negatively impact our results of operations. Additionally, climate change may result in higher insurance premiums or the inability to insure certain risks. Longer-term climate change patterns could significantly alter customer demand which is especially true for customers who rely on supply chains routinely impacted by weather. For example, agricultural supply chains would be impacted by increased levels of drought or flooding and customers in coastal regions would be impacted by frequent flooding. Information Technology and Cybersecurity Risks Cybersecurity Risk — The disruption of our operations or risk of loss of our sensitive business information could negatively impact our financial condition and results of operations. Increased cyber-attacks, including computer viruses, ransomware, unauthorized access attempts, phishing, hacking, and other types of attacks pose a risk to the security and availability of our information technology systems, including those provided by third parties. In addition to those traditional attacks, we face threats from sophisticated nation-state and nation- state-supported actors who engage in attacks, including advanced persistent threat intrusions. We have experienced and expect to continue to experience actual and attempted cyber-attacks on our information technology systems by threat parties of all types (including nation-states, criminal enterprises, individuals, or advanced persistent threat groups). Geopolitical turmoil, including as a result of the Russia-Ukraine conflict, evolution, scope, and sophistication of cyber-attacks, accessibility of our data by third parties through interconnected networks, and an increase in work-from-home arrangements heighten the risk of cyber-attacks. We have operational safeguards in place to detect and prevent cyber-attacks, such as employee training, monitoring of our networks and systems, ensuring strong data protection standards, and maintaining and upgrading security systems but it is virtually impossible to entirely eliminate this risk. To date, we have not experienced any significant impacts. However, our safeguards may not always be able to prevent a cyber-attack from impacting our systems or successfully execute our business recovery protocol, which could have a material impact on our business, financial condition, results of operations, or cash flows. In addition, our customers, suppliers, and third-party service providers are susceptible to cyber-attacks and disruption to their information technology systems, which could result in reduced demand for our products or limit our ability to supply our products. We also maintain and have access to sensitive, confidential, or personal data or information that is subject to privacy and security laws, regulations, and customer controls. Data privacy laws and regulations continue to evolve and impose more complex and stringent requirements especially in the U.S., Europe, and China, which increases the complexity of our processes and associated costs. Despite our efforts to protect such information and to comply with privacy and data protection laws and regulations, our facilities and systems and those of our customers and third-party service providers may be vulnerable to security breaches, cyber-attacks, misplaced or lost data, and programming and/or user errors that could lead to the compromising of sensitive, confidential, or personal data or information, the improper use of our systems and networks, and the manipulation and destruction of data. Information system damages, disruptions, shutdowns, or compromises could result in production downtimes and operational disruptions, transaction errors, loss of customers and business opportunities, violation of privacy laws and legal liability, regulatory fines, penalties or intervention, negative publicity resulting in reputational damage, reimbursement or compensatory payments, and other costs, any of which could have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations, or cash flows, which affect may be material and result in a competitive disadvantage. Although we attempt to mitigate these risks by employing a number of measures, our systems, networks, products, and services remain potentially vulnerable to advanced and persistent threats. Information Technology — A failure or disruption in our information technology systems could disrupt our operations, compromise customer, employee, supplier, and other data, and could negatively affect our business. We rely on the successful and uninterrupted functioning of our information technology and control systems to securely manage operations and various business functions, and on various technologies to process, store, and report information about our business, and to interact with customers, suppliers, and employees around the world. In addition, our information systems rely on internal information technology systems and third-party systems, including cloud solutions, which require different security measures. These measures cover technical changes to our network security, organization, and governance changes as well as alignment of third-party suppliers on market standards. As with all information technology systems, our systems may be susceptible to damage, disruption, information loss, or shutdown due to a variety of factors including power outages, failures during the process of upgrading or replacing software, hardware failures, cyber-attacks (e.g., phishing, ransomware, computer viruses), natural disasters, telecommunications failures, user errors, unauthorized access, and malicious or accidental destruction, or catastrophic events. While we have established and regularly test our business disaster recovery plan, there is no guarantee that it will resolve issues resulting from those disruptions in a timely manner. We may suffer material adverse effects on our business, financial condition, results of operations, and cash flows. Financial Risks Interest Rates — Rising interest rates increase our borrowing costs on our variable rate indebtedness and could have other negative impacts. As of June 30, 2023, approximately 30% of our indebtedness was subject to variable interest rates. When interest rates increase, our debt service obligations on our variable rate indebtedness increase even when the amount borrowed remains the same. Higher inflation, especially in Europe and the United States, has led central banks to rapidly raise interest rates throughout fiscal year 2023 to dampen inflation. These increases in interest rates will directly impact the amount of interest we pay on our variable rate obligations and continued or sustained increases in interest rates could negatively impact our business, financial condition, results of operations, or cash flow. Furthermore, sustained or continued increases in interest rates could increase the costs of obtaining new debt and refinancing existing fixed rate as well as variable rate indebtedness. We manage exposure to interest rates by maintaining a mixture of fixed-rate and variable-rate debt, monitoring global interest rates, and, where appropriate, entering into various derivative instruments. However, if our derivative instruments are not effective in mitigating our interest rate risk, if we are under-hedged, or if a hedge provider defaults on their obligations under hedging arrangements, it could have a material adverse impact on our business, financial condition, results of operations, or cash flow. In addition, continued increases in rising interest rates could reduce the attractiveness of cash management programs we use, such as customer and supply chain finance programs, which could negatively impact our cash and working capital and increase our borrowings. Refer to Note 14, "Debt," of the notes to consolidated financial statements for information about our variable rate borrowings. Also refer to "Item 7A. - Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk," including interest rate risk, in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. Indebtedness and Credit Rating — A significant increase in our indebtedness or a downgrade in our credit rating could reduce our operating flexibility and increase our borrowing costs and negatively affect our financial condition and results of operations. As of June 30, 2023, we had $6.7 billion of debt outstanding and a $1.3 billion of a $3.8 billion revolving credit facility undrawn and we are not restricted in incurring, and may incur, additional indebtedness in the future. Our ability to pay interest and repay the principal of our indebtedness is dependent on our ability to generate sufficient cash flows, which is 19 20 Amcor Annual Report 2023 FINAL FINAL Form10-K 35 dependent, in part, on prevailing economic and competitive conditions and certain legislative, regulatory, and other factors beyond our control. If we are unable to maintain sufficient cash flows from operations to meet our debt commitments, our financial condition and results of operations are likely to be materially adversely impacted. We use cash provided by operations, commercial paper issuances, bank term loans, committed and uncommitted revolving credit facilities, debt issuances, and equity issuances to meet our funding needs. Credit rating agencies rate our debt securities on many factors, including our financial results, their view of the general outlook for our industry, and their view of the general outlook for the global economy. Any significant additional indebtedness would likely negatively affect the credit ratings of our debt. Actions taken by the rating agencies include maintaining, upgrading, or downgrading the current rating or placing us on a watch list for a possible future downgrade. If rating agencies downgrade our credit rating, place us on a watch list, or if there are adverse market conditions, including disruptions in the commercial paper market, the impacts could include reduced access to commercial paper, credit, and capital markets, an increase in the cost of our borrowings or the fees associated with our bank credit facility, or an increase in the credit spread incurred when issuing debt in the capital markets. Refer to Item 7. "Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations," "Liquidity and Capital Resources," of this Annual Report on Form 10-K for more information on our credit rating profile. In addition, a significant number of our operating subsidiaries are not guarantors of our indebtedness. In the event that any non-guarantor subsidiary becomes insolvent, liquidates, reorganizes, dissolves, or otherwise winds up, the assets of such subsidiary will be used to satisfy the claims of its creditors. The non-guarantor subsidiaries have no direct obligations in respect of our indebtedness, and therefore, a direct claim against any non-guarantor subsidiary and any claims to enforce payment on our indebtedness will be structurally subordinated to all of the claims of the creditors of our non-guarantor subsidiaries. Exchange Rates — We are exposed to foreign exchange rate risk. We are subject to foreign exchange rate risk, both transactional and translational, which may negatively affect our reported cash flow, financial condition, and results of operations. Transactional foreign exchange exposures are associated with transactions in currencies other than the entity's functional currency. Translational foreign exchange exposures result from exchange rate fluctuations in the conversion of entity functional currencies to U.S. dollars, our reporting currency, and may affect the reported value of our assets and liabilities and our income and expenses. In particular, our translational exposure may be impacted by movements in the exchange rate between the Euro, the United Kingdom Pound Sterling, the Swiss Franc, the Australian Dollar, the Chinese Yuan, and the Brazilian Real against the U.S. dollar. Refer to "Item 7A. - Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk," including foreign exchange risk, in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. Exchange rates between transactional currencies may change rapidly due to a variety of factors. In addition, we have recognized foreign exchange losses related to the currency devaluation in Argentina and its designation as a highly inflationary economy under U.S. GAAP. Refer to Note 2, "Significant Accounting Policies," of the notes to consolidated financial statements in this Annual Report on Form 10-K for further information regarding highly inflationary accounting. To the extent currency devaluation occurs across our business, we are likely to experience a lag in the timing to pass through U.S. dollar-denominated input costs across our business, which would adversely impact our margins and profitability. As such, we may be exposed to future exchange rate fluctuations, and such fluctuations could have a material adverse effect on our reported cash flow, financial condition, and results of operations. Our Board of Directors has approved a hedging policy to limit and manage the risk of such foreign exchange fluctuations, however, if our hedges are not effective in mitigating our foreign currency risks, if we are under-hedged, or if a hedge provider defaults on their obligations under hedging arrangements, it could have a material adverse impact on our reported cash flow, financial condition, and results of operations. Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets — A significant write-down of goodwill and/or other intangible assets would have a material adverse effect on our reported results of operations and financial position. As of June 30, 2023, we had $6.9 billion of goodwill and other intangible assets. We review our goodwill balance for impairment at least once a year and whenever events or a change in circumstances indicate that an impairment may have occurred using the appropriate business valuation methods in accordance with current accounting standards. Future changes in the cost of capital, market multiples, market growth, expected cash flows, or other factors may cause our goodwill and/or other intangible assets to be impaired, resulting in a non-cash charge in our results of operations to reduce the value of these assets to their fair value. Furthermore, if we make changes to our business strategy or if external conditions, such as the interest rates due to higher inflation, adversely affect our business operations, we could be required to record an impairment charge for goodwill and/or intangible assets, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, and results of operations. We have identified the valuation of goodwill and other intangible assets as a critical accounting estimate. Refer to "Item 7. - Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations," "Critical Accounting Estimates and Judgments," of this Annual Report on Form 10-K. Internal Controls — If we fail to maintain an effective system of internal control over financial reporting, we may not be able to accurately report our financial results which may adversely affect investor confidence and adversely impact our stock price. We have been subject to the requirements of Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act ("SOX") since fiscal year 2020. Management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal controls over financial reporting and while they meet the standards set forth in SOX, our internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements, as any controls or procedures, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable assurance against misstatement. If we fail to maintain the adequacy of our internal controls, we could be subject to regulatory scrutiny, civil or criminal penalties, or litigation. In addition, failure to maintain adequate internal controls could result in financial statements that do not accurately reflect our financial condition, and we may be required to restate previously published financial information, which could lead to adverse effect on our operations, loss of investor confidence, and a negative impact on the trading price of our common stock. Insurance — Our insurance policies, including our use of a captive insurance company, may not provide adequate protection against all of the risks we face. We seek protection from a number of our key operational risk exposures through the purchase of insurance. A significant portion of our insurance is placed in the insurance market with third-party reinsurers. Our policies with such third- party reinsurers cover a variety of risk exposures, including property damage and business interruption. Although we believe the coverage provided by such policies is consistent with industry practice, the insurance coverage does not insure us against all risks in our operations or all claims we may receive and there is no guarantee that any claims made under such policies will ultimately be paid or that we will be able to maintain such insurance at acceptable premium cost levels in the future. Additionally, we retain a portion of our insurable risk through a captive insurance company, Amcor Insurances Pte Ltd, which is located in Singapore. Our captive insurance company collects annual premiums from our business groups and assumes specific risks relating to various risk exposures, including property damage. The captive insurance company may be required to make payments for insurance claims that exceed the captive's reserves, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations, or cash flows. Legal and Compliance Risks Intellectual Property — Our inability to defend our intellectual property rights or intellectual property infringement claims against us could have an adverse impact on our ability to compete effectively. Our ability to compete effectively depends, in part, on our ability to protect and maintain the proprietary nature of our owned and licensed intellectual property. We own a number of patents on our products, aspects of our products, methods of use and/or methods of manufacturing, and we own, or have licenses to use, the material trademark and trade name rights used in connection with the packaging, marketing and distribution of our major products. We also rely on trade secrets, know-how, and other unpatented proprietary technology. If we are unable to detect the infringement of our intellectual property or to enforce our intellectual property rights, our competitive position may suffer. The unauthorized use of our intellectual property by someone else could reduce certain of our competitive advantages, cause us to lose sales, or otherwise harm our business. We attempt to protect and restrict access to our intellectual property and proprietary information by relying on the patent, trademark, copyright, and trade secret laws of the countries in which we operate, as well as non-disclosure agreements. However, it may be possible for a third-party to obtain our information without authorization, independently develop similar technologies, or breach a non-disclosure agreement entered into with us. Our pending patent applications and our pending trademark registration applications may not be allowed, or competitors may challenge the validity or scope of our patents or trademarks. Our competitors might avoid infringement by designing around our intellectual property rights or by developing non-infringing competing technologies. In addition, our patents, trademarks, and other intellectual property rights may not provide us with a significant competitive advantage. Furthermore, many of the countries in which we operate, particularly emerging markets, do not have intellectual property laws that protect proprietary rights as fully as the laws of more developed jurisdictions, such as the United States and the European Union. The costs associated with protecting our intellectual property rights could also adversely impact our business. 21 22 Amcor Annual Report 2023 FINAL FINAL Form10-K 35 Form10-K 36 dependent, in part, on prevailing economic and competitive conditions and certain legislative, regulatory, and other factors beyond our control. If we are unable to maintain sufficient cash flows from operations to meet our debt commitments, our "Item 7. - Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations," "Critical Accounting Estimates and Judgments," of this Annual Report on Form 10-K. financial condition and results of operations are likely to be materially adversely impacted. We use cash provided by operations, commercial paper issuances, bank term loans, committed and uncommitted revolving credit facilities, debt issuances, and equity issuances to meet our funding needs. Credit rating agencies rate our debt securities on many factors, including our financial results, their view of the general outlook for our industry, and their view of the general outlook for the global economy. Any significant additional indebtedness would likely negatively affect the credit ratings of our debt. Actions taken by the rating agencies include maintaining, upgrading, or downgrading the current rating or placing us on a watch list for a possible future downgrade. If rating agencies downgrade our credit rating, place us on a watch list, or if there are adverse market conditions, including disruptions in the commercial paper market, the impacts could include reduced access to commercial paper, credit, and capital markets, an increase in the cost of our borrowings or the fees associated with our bank credit facility, or an increase in the credit spread incurred when issuing debt in the capital markets. Refer to Item 7. "Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations," "Liquidity and Capital Resources," of this Annual Report on Form 10-K for more information on our credit rating profile. In addition, a significant number of our operating subsidiaries are not guarantors of our indebtedness. In the event that any non-guarantor subsidiary becomes insolvent, liquidates, reorganizes, dissolves, or otherwise winds up, the assets of such subsidiary will be used to satisfy the claims of its creditors. The non-guarantor subsidiaries have no direct obligations in respect of our indebtedness, and therefore, a direct claim against any non-guarantor subsidiary and any claims to enforce payment on our indebtedness will be structurally subordinated to all of the claims of the creditors of our non-guarantor subsidiaries. Exchange Rates — We are exposed to foreign exchange rate risk. We are subject to foreign exchange rate risk, both transactional and translational, which may negatively affect our reported cash flow, financial condition, and results of operations. Transactional foreign exchange exposures are associated with transactions in currencies other than the entity's functional currency. Translational foreign exchange exposures result from exchange rate fluctuations in the conversion of entity functional currencies to U.S. dollars, our reporting currency, and may affect the reported value of our assets and liabilities and our income and expenses. In particular, our translational exposure may be impacted by movements in the exchange rate between the Euro, the United Kingdom Pound Sterling, the Swiss Franc, the Australian Dollar, the Chinese Yuan, and the Brazilian Real against the U.S. dollar. Refer to "Item 7A. - Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk," including foreign exchange risk, in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. Exchange rates between transactional currencies may change rapidly due to a variety of factors. In addition, we have recognized foreign exchange losses related to the currency devaluation in Argentina and its designation as a highly inflationary economy under U.S. GAAP. Refer to Note 2, "Significant Accounting Policies," of the notes to consolidated financial statements in this Annual Report on Form 10-K for further information regarding highly inflationary accounting. To the extent currency devaluation occurs across our business, we are likely to experience a lag in the timing to pass through U.S. dollar-denominated input costs across our business, which would adversely impact our margins and profitability. As such, we may be exposed to future exchange rate fluctuations, and such fluctuations could have a material adverse effect on our reported cash flow, financial condition, and results of operations. Our Board of Directors has approved a hedging policy to limit and manage the risk of such foreign exchange fluctuations, however, if our hedges are not effective in mitigating our foreign currency risks, if we are under-hedged, or if a hedge provider defaults on their obligations under hedging arrangements, it could have a material adverse impact on our reported cash flow, financial condition, and results of operations. Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets — A significant write-down of goodwill and/or other intangible assets would have a material adverse effect on our reported results of operations and financial position. As of June 30, 2023, we had $6.9 billion of goodwill and other intangible assets. We review our goodwill balance for impairment at least once a year and whenever events or a change in circumstances indicate that an impairment may have occurred using the appropriate business valuation methods in accordance with current accounting standards. Future changes in the cost of capital, market multiples, market growth, expected cash flows, or other factors may cause our goodwill and/or other intangible assets to be impaired, resulting in a non-cash charge in our results of operations to reduce the value of these assets to their fair value. Furthermore, if we make changes to our business strategy or if external conditions, such as the interest rates due to higher inflation, adversely affect our business operations, we could be required to record an impairment charge for goodwill and/or intangible assets, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, and results of operations. We have identified the valuation of goodwill and other intangible assets as a critical accounting estimate. Refer to Internal Controls — If we fail to maintain an effective system of internal control over financial reporting, we may not be able to accurately report our financial results which may adversely affect investor confidence and adversely impact our stock price. We have been subject to the requirements of Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act ("SOX") since fiscal year 2020. Management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal controls over financial reporting and while they meet the standards set forth in SOX, our internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements, as any controls or procedures, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable assurance against misstatement. If we fail to maintain the adequacy of our internal controls, we could be subject to regulatory scrutiny, civil or criminal penalties, or litigation. In addition, failure to maintain adequate internal controls could result in financial statements that do not accurately reflect our financial condition, and we may be required to restate previously published financial information, which could lead to adverse effect on our operations, loss of investor confidence, and a negative impact on the trading price of our common stock. Insurance — Our insurance policies, including our use of a captive insurance company, may not provide adequate protection against all of the risks we face. We seek protection from a number of our key operational risk exposures through the purchase of insurance. A significant portion of our insurance is placed in the insurance market with third-party reinsurers. Our policies with such third- party reinsurers cover a variety of risk exposures, including property damage and business interruption. Although we believe the coverage provided by such policies is consistent with industry practice, the insurance coverage does not insure us against all risks in our operations or all claims we may receive and there is no guarantee that any claims made under such policies will ultimately be paid or that we will be able to maintain such insurance at acceptable premium cost levels in the future. Additionally, we retain a portion of our insurable risk through a captive insurance company, Amcor Insurances Pte Ltd, which is located in Singapore. Our captive insurance company collects annual premiums from our business groups and assumes specific risks relating to various risk exposures, including property damage. The captive insurance company may be required to make payments for insurance claims that exceed the captive's reserves, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations, or cash flows. Legal and Compliance Risks Intellectual Property — Our inability to defend our intellectual property rights or intellectual property infringement claims against us could have an adverse impact on our ability to compete effectively. Our ability to compete effectively depends, in part, on our ability to protect and maintain the proprietary nature of our owned and licensed intellectual property. We own a number of patents on our products, aspects of our products, methods of use and/or methods of manufacturing, and we own, or have licenses to use, the material trademark and trade name rights used in connection with the packaging, marketing and distribution of our major products. We also rely on trade secrets, know-how, and other unpatented proprietary technology. If we are unable to detect the infringement of our intellectual property or to enforce our intellectual property rights, our competitive position may suffer. The unauthorized use of our intellectual property by someone else could reduce certain of our competitive advantages, cause us to lose sales, or otherwise harm our business. We attempt to protect and restrict access to our intellectual property and proprietary information by relying on the patent, trademark, copyright, and trade secret laws of the countries in which we operate, as well as non-disclosure agreements. However, it may be possible for a third-party to obtain our information without authorization, independently develop similar technologies, or breach a non-disclosure agreement entered into with us. Our pending patent applications and our pending trademark registration applications may not be allowed, or competitors may challenge the validity or scope of our patents or trademarks. Our competitors might avoid infringement by designing around our intellectual property rights or by developing non-infringing competing technologies. In addition, our patents, trademarks, and other intellectual property rights may not provide us with a significant competitive advantage. Furthermore, many of the countries in which we operate, particularly emerging markets, do not have intellectual property laws that protect proprietary rights as fully as the laws of more developed jurisdictions, such as the United States and the European Union. The costs associated with protecting our intellectual property rights could also adversely impact our business. 21 22 Amcor Annual Report 2023 FINAL FINAL Form10-K 37 Similarly, while we have not received any significant claims from third parties suggesting that we may be infringing Additionally, increased regulation of emissions linked to climate change, including greenhouse gas emissions and on their intellectual property rights, there can be no assurance that we will not receive such claims in the future. If we were held liable for a claim of infringement, we could be required to pay damages, obtain licenses, or cease making or selling certain products. Intellectual property litigation, which could result in substantial costs to us and divert the attention of management, may be necessary to protect our trade secrets or proprietary technology or for us to defend against claimed infringement of the rights of others and to determine the scope and validity of others’ proprietary rights. We may not prevail in any such litigation, and if we are unsuccessful, we may not be able to obtain any necessary licenses on reasonable terms or at all. Failure to protect our patents, trademarks, and other intellectual property rights could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations, or cash flows. Litigation — Litigation, including product liability claims, or regulatory developments could adversely affect our business operations, and financial performance. other climate-related regulations, could potentially increase the cost of our operations due to increased costs of compliance (which may not be recoverable through adjustment of prices), increased cost of fossil fuel-based inputs and increased cost of energy intensive raw material inputs. However, any such changes are uncertain, and we cannot predict the amount of additional capital expenses or operating expenses that would be necessary for compliance. Mandates to use certain types of materials, such as post-consumer recycled ("PCR") content, may lead to supply shortages and higher prices for those materials as current recycling rates may be insufficient to meet increased demand for PCR within and beyond the packaging industry. We could also incur additional compliance costs for monitoring and reporting emissions and for maintaining permits. Additionally, a sizable portion of our business comes from healthcare packaging and food and beverage packaging, both highly regulated markets. If we fail to comply with these regulatory requirements, our results of operations could be adversely impacted. We are, and in the future will likely become, involved in lawsuits, regulatory inquiries, and governmental and other Tax Law Changes —Changes in tax laws or changes in our geographic mix of earnings could have a material impact on legal proceedings that arise in the ordinary course of our business, including product liability claims, which may lead to financial or reputational damages. Given our global footprint, we are exposed to more uncertainty regarding the regulatory environment. The timing of the final resolutions to lawsuits, regulatory inquiries, and governmental and other legal proceedings is typically uncertain. Additionally, the possible outcomes of, or resolutions to, these proceedings could include adverse judgments or settlements, either of which could require substantial payments. In addition, actions or decisions we have taken or may take, as a consequence of the Russia-Ukraine conflict, may result in legal claims or litigation against us. See "Item 3. - Legal Proceedings" of this Annual Report on Form 10-K. Environmental, Social and Governance ("ESG") Practices — Increasing scrutiny and changing expectations from investors, customers, and governments with respect to our ESG practices and commitments may impose additional costs on us or expose us to additional risks. There is an increased scrutiny from shareholders, customers, and governments on corporate ESG practices. Our commitment to sustainability and ESG practices remains at the core of our business, and we have established related goals and targets. For example, we have announced our commitment to science-based targets initiative (“SBTi”) and to achieve net zero GHG emissions by 2050. We are working with the SBTi to formalize our science-based targets as part of our plan to achieve net zero. However, our ESG practices may not meet the standards of all of our stakeholders, and advocacy groups may campaign for further changes. Many of our large, global customers are also committing to long-term targets to reduce greenhouse gas emissions within their supply chains. If we are unable to support our customers in achieving these reductions, customers may seek out competitors who are better able to support such reductions. A failure, or perceived failure, to respond to expectations of all parties, including with meeting our own climate-related and other ESG target ambitions, could cause harm to our business and reputation and have a negative impact on the trading price of our common stock. our financial condition and results of operation. We are subject to income and other taxes in the many jurisdictions in which we operate. Tax laws and regulations are complex and the determination of our global provision for income taxes and current and deferred tax assets and liabilities requires judgment and estimation. We are subject to routine examinations of our income tax returns, and tax authorities may disagree with our tax positions and assess additional tax. Our future income taxes could also be negatively impacted by our mix of earnings in the jurisdictions in which we operate being different than anticipated given differences in statutory tax rates in the countries in which we operate. In addition, certain tax policy efforts, including any tax law changes resulting from the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development ("OECD") and the G20's inclusive framework on Base Erosion and Profit Shifting ("BEPS"), could adversely impact our tax rate and subsequent tax expense. Risks Relating to Being a Jersey, Channel Islands Company Listing Ordinary Shares Our ordinary shares are issued under the laws of Jersey, Channel Islands, which may not provide the level of legal certainty and transparency afforded by incorporation in a U.S. jurisdiction and which differ in some respects to the laws applicable to other U.S. corporations. We are organized under the laws of Jersey, Channel Islands, a British crown dependency that is an island located off the coast of Normandy, France. Jersey is not a member of the European Union. Jersey, Channel Islands legislation regarding companies is largely based on English corporate law principles. The rights of holders of our ordinary shares are governed by Jersey law, including the Companies (Jersey) Law 1991, as amended, and by the Amcor Articles of Association, as may be amended from time to time. These rights differ in some respects from the rights of other shareholders in corporations incorporated in the United States. Further, there can be no assurance that the laws of Jersey, Channel Islands, will not change in New government regulations could also result in new or more stringent forms of ESG oversight and disclosures which the future or that they will serve to protect investors in a similar fashion afforded under corporate law principles in the U.S., may result in increased expenditures for environmental controls, new taxes on the products we produce and significantly increase our compliance costs to meet new disclosure requirements, especially if they are inconsistent or fragmented across different jurisdictions. For example, the Corporate Sustainability Reporting Directive in the European Union and proposed SEC rules on climate-change disclosures may significantly increase our compliance costs. which could adversely affect the rights of investors. U.S. shareholders may not be able to enforce civil liabilities against us. Environmental, Health, and Safety regulations — Changing government regulations in environmental, health, and safety matters, including climate change, may adversely affect our company. Numerous legislative and regulatory initiatives have been passed and anticipated in response to concerns about greenhouse gas emissions and climate change. We are a manufacturing entity that utilizes petrochemical-based raw materials to produce many of our products. Increased environmental legislation or regulation, including regulations related to extended producer responsibility ("EPR"), could result in higher costs for us in the form of higher raw material cost, increased energy and freight costs, and new taxes on packaging products or result in reduced demand. It is possible that certain materials might cease to be permitted to be used in our processes. Government bans of, or restrictions on, certain materials or packaging formats may close off markets to Amcor's business. In addition, changes to environmental, health and safety laws, regulations and standards are made or proposed regularly, and some of the proposals, if adopted, might, directly or indirectly, result in a material reduction in the operating results of one or more of our operating units. For instance, an increase in legislation with respect to litter related to plastic packaging or related recycling programs may cause legislators in some countries and regions in which our products are sold to consider banning or limiting certain packaging formats or materials, or applying taxes or fees on some types of our products. A significant portion of our assets is located outside of the United States and several of our directors and officers are citizens or residents of jurisdictions outside of the United States. As a result, it may be difficult for investors to successfully serve a claim within the United States upon those non-U.S. directors and officers, or to enforce judgments realized in the United States. Judgments of U.S. courts may not be directly enforceable outside of the U.S. and the enforcement of judgments of U.S. courts outside of the U.S., including those in Australia and Jersey, may be subject to limitations. Investors may also have difficulties pursuing an original action brought in a court in a jurisdiction outside the U.S., including Australia and Jersey, for liabilities under the securities laws of the U.S. Additionally, our Articles of Association provide that while the Royal Court of Jersey will have non-exclusive jurisdiction over actions brought against us, the Royal Court of Jersey will be the sole and exclusive forum for derivative shareholder actions, actions for breach of fiduciary duty by our directors and officers, actions arising out of Companies (Jersey) Law 1991, as amended, or actions asserting a claim against our directors or officers governed by the internal affairs doctrine. The exclusive forum provision would not prevent derivative shareholder actions based on claims arising under U.S. federal securities laws from being raised in a U.S. court and would not prevent a U.S. court from asserting jurisdiction over such claims. However, there is uncertainty whether a U.S. or Jersey court would enforce the exclusive forum provision for actions claiming breach of fiduciary duty and other claims. 23 24 Amcor Annual Report 2023 FINAL FINAL Form10-K 37 Form10-K 38 Additionally, increased regulation of emissions linked to climate change, including greenhouse gas emissions and other climate-related regulations, could potentially increase the cost of our operations due to increased costs of compliance (which may not be recoverable through adjustment of prices), increased cost of fossil fuel-based inputs and increased cost of energy intensive raw material inputs. However, any such changes are uncertain, and we cannot predict the amount of additional capital expenses or operating expenses that would be necessary for compliance. Mandates to use certain types of materials, such as post-consumer recycled ("PCR") content, may lead to supply shortages and higher prices for those materials as current recycling rates may be insufficient to meet increased demand for PCR within and beyond the packaging industry. We could also incur additional compliance costs for monitoring and reporting emissions and for maintaining permits. Additionally, a sizable portion of our business comes from healthcare packaging and food and beverage packaging, both highly regulated markets. If we fail to comply with these regulatory requirements, our results of operations could be adversely impacted. Tax Law Changes —Changes in tax laws or changes in our geographic mix of earnings could have a material impact on our financial condition and results of operation. environment. The timing of the final resolutions to lawsuits, regulatory inquiries, and governmental and other legal proceedings We are subject to income and other taxes in the many jurisdictions in which we operate. Tax laws and regulations are complex and the determination of our global provision for income taxes and current and deferred tax assets and liabilities requires judgment and estimation. We are subject to routine examinations of our income tax returns, and tax authorities may disagree with our tax positions and assess additional tax. Our future income taxes could also be negatively impacted by our mix of earnings in the jurisdictions in which we operate being different than anticipated given differences in statutory tax rates in the countries in which we operate. In addition, certain tax policy efforts, including any tax law changes resulting from the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development ("OECD") and the G20's inclusive framework on Base Erosion and Profit Shifting ("BEPS"), could adversely impact our tax rate and subsequent tax expense. Risks Relating to Being a Jersey, Channel Islands Company Listing Ordinary Shares Our ordinary shares are issued under the laws of Jersey, Channel Islands, which may not provide the level of legal certainty and transparency afforded by incorporation in a U.S. jurisdiction and which differ in some respects to the laws applicable to other U.S. corporations. We are organized under the laws of Jersey, Channel Islands, a British crown dependency that is an island located off the coast of Normandy, France. Jersey is not a member of the European Union. Jersey, Channel Islands legislation regarding companies is largely based on English corporate law principles. The rights of holders of our ordinary shares are governed by Jersey law, including the Companies (Jersey) Law 1991, as amended, and by the Amcor Articles of Association, as may be amended from time to time. These rights differ in some respects from the rights of other shareholders in corporations incorporated in the United States. Further, there can be no assurance that the laws of Jersey, Channel Islands, will not change in the future or that they will serve to protect investors in a similar fashion afforded under corporate law principles in the U.S., which could adversely affect the rights of investors. different jurisdictions. For example, the Corporate Sustainability Reporting Directive in the European Union and proposed SEC U.S. shareholders may not be able to enforce civil liabilities against us. rules on climate-change disclosures may significantly increase our compliance costs. A significant portion of our assets is located outside of the United States and several of our directors and officers are citizens or residents of jurisdictions outside of the United States. As a result, it may be difficult for investors to successfully serve a claim within the United States upon those non-U.S. directors and officers, or to enforce judgments realized in the United States. greenhouse gas emissions and climate change. We are a manufacturing entity that utilizes petrochemical-based raw materials to Judgments of U.S. courts may not be directly enforceable outside of the U.S. and the enforcement of judgments of U.S. courts outside of the U.S., including those in Australia and Jersey, may be subject to limitations. Investors may also have difficulties pursuing an original action brought in a court in a jurisdiction outside the U.S., including Australia and Jersey, for liabilities under the securities laws of the U.S. Additionally, our Articles of Association provide that while the Royal Court of Jersey will have non-exclusive jurisdiction over actions brought against us, the Royal Court of Jersey will be the sole and exclusive forum for derivative shareholder actions, actions for breach of fiduciary duty by our directors and officers, actions arising out of Companies (Jersey) Law 1991, as amended, or actions asserting a claim against our directors or officers governed by the internal affairs doctrine. The exclusive forum provision would not prevent derivative shareholder actions based on claims arising under U.S. federal securities laws from being raised in a U.S. court and would not prevent a U.S. court from asserting jurisdiction over such claims. However, there is uncertainty whether a U.S. or Jersey court would enforce the exclusive forum provision for actions claiming breach of fiduciary duty and other claims. 23 24 Similarly, while we have not received any significant claims from third parties suggesting that we may be infringing on their intellectual property rights, there can be no assurance that we will not receive such claims in the future. If we were held liable for a claim of infringement, we could be required to pay damages, obtain licenses, or cease making or selling certain products. Intellectual property litigation, which could result in substantial costs to us and divert the attention of management, may be necessary to protect our trade secrets or proprietary technology or for us to defend against claimed infringement of the rights of others and to determine the scope and validity of others’ proprietary rights. We may not prevail in any such litigation, and if we are unsuccessful, we may not be able to obtain any necessary licenses on reasonable terms or at all. Failure to protect our patents, trademarks, and other intellectual property rights could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations, or cash flows. Litigation — Litigation, including product liability claims, or regulatory developments could adversely affect our business operations, and financial performance. We are, and in the future will likely become, involved in lawsuits, regulatory inquiries, and governmental and other legal proceedings that arise in the ordinary course of our business, including product liability claims, which may lead to financial or reputational damages. Given our global footprint, we are exposed to more uncertainty regarding the regulatory is typically uncertain. Additionally, the possible outcomes of, or resolutions to, these proceedings could include adverse judgments or settlements, either of which could require substantial payments. In addition, actions or decisions we have taken or may take, as a consequence of the Russia-Ukraine conflict, may result in legal claims or litigation against us. See "Item 3. - Legal Proceedings" of this Annual Report on Form 10-K. Environmental, Social and Governance ("ESG") Practices — Increasing scrutiny and changing expectations from investors, customers, and governments with respect to our ESG practices and commitments may impose additional costs on us or expose us to additional risks. There is an increased scrutiny from shareholders, customers, and governments on corporate ESG practices. Our commitment to sustainability and ESG practices remains at the core of our business, and we have established related goals and targets. For example, we have announced our commitment to science-based targets initiative (“SBTi”) and to achieve net zero GHG emissions by 2050. We are working with the SBTi to formalize our science-based targets as part of our plan to achieve net zero. However, our ESG practices may not meet the standards of all of our stakeholders, and advocacy groups may campaign for further changes. Many of our large, global customers are also committing to long-term targets to reduce greenhouse gas emissions within their supply chains. If we are unable to support our customers in achieving these reductions, customers may seek out competitors who are better able to support such reductions. A failure, or perceived failure, to respond to expectations of all parties, including with meeting our own climate-related and other ESG target ambitions, could cause harm to our business and reputation and have a negative impact on the trading price of our common stock. New government regulations could also result in new or more stringent forms of ESG oversight and disclosures which may result in increased expenditures for environmental controls, new taxes on the products we produce and significantly increase our compliance costs to meet new disclosure requirements, especially if they are inconsistent or fragmented across Environmental, Health, and Safety regulations — Changing government regulations in environmental, health, and safety matters, including climate change, may adversely affect our company. Numerous legislative and regulatory initiatives have been passed and anticipated in response to concerns about produce many of our products. Increased environmental legislation or regulation, including regulations related to extended producer responsibility ("EPR"), could result in higher costs for us in the form of higher raw material cost, increased energy and freight costs, and new taxes on packaging products or result in reduced demand. It is possible that certain materials might cease to be permitted to be used in our processes. Government bans of, or restrictions on, certain materials or packaging formats may close off markets to Amcor's business. In addition, changes to environmental, health and safety laws, regulations and standards are made or proposed regularly, and some of the proposals, if adopted, might, directly or indirectly, result in a material reduction in the operating results of one or more of our operating units. For instance, an increase in legislation with respect to litter related to plastic packaging or related recycling programs may cause legislators in some countries and regions in which our products are sold to consider banning or limiting certain packaging formats or materials, or applying taxes or fees on some types of our products. Amcor Annual Report 2023 FINAL FINAL Form10-K 39 Item 1B. - Unresolved Staff Comments PART II None. Item 2. - Properties Item 5. - Market for Registrant's Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities Our ordinary shares are traded on the New York Stock Exchange (the "NYSE") under the symbol AMCR, and our CHESS Depositary Instruments ("CDIs") are traded on the Australian Securities Exchange (the "ASX") under the symbol We consider our plants and other physical properties, whether owned or leased, to be suitable, adequate, and of AMC. As of June 30, 2023, there were 104,752 registered holders of record of our ordinary shares and CDIs. sufficient productive capacity to meet the requirements of our business. Our manufacturing plants operate at varying levels of utilization depending on the type of operation and market conditions. The breakdown of our significant manufacturing and support facilities at June 30, 2023, were as follows: Share Repurchases Flexibles Segment This segment has 166 significant manufacturing and support facilities located in 37 countries, of which 114 are owned directly by us and 52 are leased from outside parties. Initial building lease terms typically provide for minimum terms in a range of two to 36 years and have one or more renewal options. Rigid Packaging Segment This segment has 52 significant manufacturing and support facilities located in 11 countries, of which 12 are owned directly by us and 40 are leased from outside parties. Initial building lease terms typically provide for minimum terms in a range of two to 20 years and have one or more renewal options. Corporate and General Our primary executive offices are located in Zurich, Switzerland. Item 3. - Legal Proceedings Refer to Note 20, "Contingencies and Legal Proceedings," of the notes to consolidated financial statements for information about legal proceedings. Item 4. - Mine Safety Disclosures Not applicable. Share repurchase activity during the three months ended June 30, 2023, was as follows (in millions, except number of shares, which are reflected in thousands, and per share amounts, which are expressed in U.S. dollars): Total Number of Shares Purchased (1) Average Price Paid Per Share (1)(2) Total Number of Shares Purchased as Part of Publicly Approximate Dollar Value of Shares That May Yet Be Announced Plans or Purchased Under the Programs Programs (3) — $ 13,356 9,641 22,997 $ — 10.21 9.89 10.08 — $ 13,356 9,594 22,950 300 164 69 Period April 1 - 30, 2023 May 1 - 31, 2023 June 1 - 30, 2023 Total (1) Includes shares purchased on the open market to satisfy the vesting and exercises of share-based compensation awards. (2) Average price paid per share excludes costs associated with the repurchases. (3) On August 17, 2022, our Board of Directors approved a buyback of $400 million of ordinary shares and/or CHESS Depositary Instruments ("CDIs") during the following twelve months. Further, on February 7, 2023, our Board of Directors approved an additional buyback of up to $100 million of ordinary shares and CDIs during the next twelve months. The timing, volume, and nature of share repurchases may be amended, suspended, or discontinued at any time. 25 26 Amcor Annual Report 2023 Item 1B. - Unresolved Staff Comments PART II FINAL FINAL Form10-K 39 Form10-K 40 We consider our plants and other physical properties, whether owned or leased, to be suitable, adequate, and of sufficient productive capacity to meet the requirements of our business. Our manufacturing plants operate at varying levels of utilization depending on the type of operation and market conditions. The breakdown of our significant manufacturing and support facilities at June 30, 2023, were as follows: This segment has 166 significant manufacturing and support facilities located in 37 countries, of which 114 are owned directly by us and 52 are leased from outside parties. Initial building lease terms typically provide for minimum terms in a range of two to 36 years and have one or more renewal options. This segment has 52 significant manufacturing and support facilities located in 11 countries, of which 12 are owned directly by us and 40 are leased from outside parties. Initial building lease terms typically provide for minimum terms in a range of two to 20 years and have one or more renewal options. Our primary executive offices are located in Zurich, Switzerland. Refer to Note 20, "Contingencies and Legal Proceedings," of the notes to consolidated financial statements for None. Item 2. - Properties Flexibles Segment Rigid Packaging Segment Corporate and General Item 3. - Legal Proceedings information about legal proceedings. Item 4. - Mine Safety Disclosures Not applicable. Item 5. - Market for Registrant's Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities Our ordinary shares are traded on the New York Stock Exchange (the "NYSE") under the symbol AMCR, and our CHESS Depositary Instruments ("CDIs") are traded on the Australian Securities Exchange (the "ASX") under the symbol AMC. As of June 30, 2023, there were 104,752 registered holders of record of our ordinary shares and CDIs. Share Repurchases Share repurchase activity during the three months ended June 30, 2023, was as follows (in millions, except number of shares, which are reflected in thousands, and per share amounts, which are expressed in U.S. dollars): Total Number of Shares Purchased (1) Average Price Paid Per Share (1)(2) Total Number of Shares Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Plans or Programs Approximate Dollar Value of Shares That May Yet Be Purchased Under the Programs (3) — $ 13,356 9,641 22,997 $ — 10.21 9.89 10.08 — $ 13,356 9,594 22,950 300 164 69 Period April 1 - 30, 2023 May 1 - 31, 2023 June 1 - 30, 2023 Total Includes shares purchased on the open market to satisfy the vesting and exercises of share-based compensation awards. (1) (2) Average price paid per share excludes costs associated with the repurchases. (3) On August 17, 2022, our Board of Directors approved a buyback of $400 million of ordinary shares and/or CHESS Depositary Instruments ("CDIs") during the following twelve months. Further, on February 7, 2023, our Board of Directors approved an additional buyback of up to $100 million of ordinary shares and CDIs during the next twelve months. The timing, volume, and nature of share repurchases may be amended, suspended, or discontinued at any time. 25 26 Amcor Annual Report 2023 FINAL FINAL Form10-K 41 Shareholder Return Performance The information under this caption "Shareholder Return Performance" in this Item 5 of this Annual Report on Form Mills Inc., Graphic Packaging Holding Co, Huhtamaki Oyj, International Paper Company, Johnson & Johnson, The Kraft Heinz 10-K is not deemed to be "soliciting material" or to be "filed" with the SEC or subject to Regulation 14A or 14C under the Exchange Act, or to the liabilities of Section 18 of the Exchange Act and will not be deemed to be incorporated by reference into any filing under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the Exchange Act, except to the extent we specifically incorporate it by reference into such a filing. The line graph below illustrates our cumulative total shareholder return on our ordinary shares as compared with the cumulative total return of our Peer Group, the S&P 500 Index, the S&P 500 Materials Index, and the ASX 200 Index for the period beginning June 11, 2019. The graph assumes $100 was invested on June 11, 2019, and that all dividends were reinvested. The Peer Group consists of Ansell Limited, AptarGroup, Inc., Avery Dennison Corporation, Ball Corporation, Berry Global Group, Inc., Brambles Limited, Coles Group Limited, Conagra Brands Inc., Crown Holdings, Inc., Danone SA, General Company, Mondelez International, Inc., Nestlé S.A., O-I Glass, Inc., Orora Limited, Pepsico, Inc., The Procter & Gamble Company, Sealed Air Corporation, Silgan Holdings Inc., Sonoco Products Company, Treasury Wine Estates Limited, Unilever PLC, Wesfarmers Limited, WestRock Company, and Woolworths Group Limited. Amcor plc S&P 500 S&P 500 Materials S&P/ASX 200 Peer Group June 11, 2019 June 30, 2019 June 30, 2020 June 30, 2021 June 30, 2022 June 30, 2023 $ $ $ $ $ 100.00 $ 102.77 $ 95.68 $ 111.82 $ 126.13 $ 105.72 100.00 $ 107.05 $ 115.08 $ 162.03 $ 144.83 $ 173.21 100.00 $ 111.71 $ 110.47 $ 164.06 $ 149.75 $ 172.39 100.00 $ 102.08 $ 93.59 $ 131.41 $ 114.86 $ 129.24 100.00 $ 100.12 $ 104.54 $ 124.79 $ 126.34 $ 133.70 27 28 Amcor Annual Report 2023 FINAL FINAL Form10-K 41 Form10-K 42 The Peer Group consists of Ansell Limited, AptarGroup, Inc., Avery Dennison Corporation, Ball Corporation, Berry Global Group, Inc., Brambles Limited, Coles Group Limited, Conagra Brands Inc., Crown Holdings, Inc., Danone SA, General Mills Inc., Graphic Packaging Holding Co, Huhtamaki Oyj, International Paper Company, Johnson & Johnson, The Kraft Heinz Company, Mondelez International, Inc., Nestlé S.A., O-I Glass, Inc., Orora Limited, Pepsico, Inc., The Procter & Gamble Company, Sealed Air Corporation, Silgan Holdings Inc., Sonoco Products Company, Treasury Wine Estates Limited, Unilever PLC, Wesfarmers Limited, WestRock Company, and Woolworths Group Limited. Shareholder Return Performance The information under this caption "Shareholder Return Performance" in this Item 5 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K is not deemed to be "soliciting material" or to be "filed" with the SEC or subject to Regulation 14A or 14C under the Exchange Act, or to the liabilities of Section 18 of the Exchange Act and will not be deemed to be incorporated by reference into any filing under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the Exchange Act, except to the extent we specifically incorporate it by reference into such a filing. The line graph below illustrates our cumulative total shareholder return on our ordinary shares as compared with the cumulative total return of our Peer Group, the S&P 500 Index, the S&P 500 Materials Index, and the ASX 200 Index for the period beginning June 11, 2019. The graph assumes $100 was invested on June 11, 2019, and that all dividends were reinvested. Amcor plc S&P 500 S&P 500 Materials S&P/ASX 200 Peer Group June 11, 2019 June 30, 2019 June 30, 2020 June 30, 2021 June 30, 2022 June 30, 2023 $ $ $ $ $ 100.00 $ 102.77 $ 95.68 $ 111.82 $ 126.13 $ 105.72 100.00 $ 107.05 $ 115.08 $ 162.03 $ 144.83 $ 173.21 100.00 $ 111.71 $ 110.47 $ 164.06 $ 149.75 $ 172.39 100.00 $ 102.08 $ 93.59 $ 131.41 $ 114.86 $ 129.24 100.00 $ 100.12 $ 104.54 $ 124.79 $ 126.34 $ 133.70 27 28 Amcor Annual Report 2023 FINAL FINAL Form10-K 43 Item 7. - Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations Overview Management’s Discussion and Analysis should be read in conjunction with the Consolidated Financial Statements and related Notes included in Item 8 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K. The following is a discussion and analysis of changes in the results of operations for fiscal year 2023 compared to fiscal year 2022. A discussion and analysis regarding our results of operations for fiscal year 2022, compared to fiscal year 2021 that are not included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K can be found in Part II, Item 7 of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended June 30, 2022, filed with the SEC on August 18, 2022 and incorporated by reference. Amcor is a global leader in developing and producing responsible packaging for food, beverage, pharmaceutical, medical, home and personal-care, and other products. We work with leading companies around the world to protect their products and the people who rely on them, differentiate brands, and improve supply chains through a range of flexible and rigid packaging, specialty cartons, closures, and services. We are focused on making packaging that is increasingly light-weighted, recyclable and reusable, and made using an increasing amount of recycled content. During fiscal year 2023, Amcor generated $14.7 billion in sales from operations that spanned 218 locations in over 40 countries. Two Year Review of Results (in millions) Net sales Cost of sales Gross profit Operating expenses: Selling, general, and administrative expenses Research and development expenses Restructuring, impairment, and other related activities, net Other income, net Operating income Interest income Interest expense Other non-operating income, net 2023 2022 $ 14,694 100.0 % $ 14,544 100.0 % (11,969) (81.5) (11,724) (80.6) 2,725 18.5 2,820 19.4 (1,246) (101) 104 26 (8.5) (0.7) 0.7 0.2 (1,284) (96) (234) 33 (8.8) (0.7) (1.6) 0.2 1,508 10.3 1,239 8.5 31 (290) 2 0.2 (2.0) — 24 (159) 11 0.2 (1.1) 0.1 Income before income taxes 1,251 8.5 1,115 7.7 Income tax expense Net income (193) (1.3) (300) (2.1) $ 1,058 7.2 % $ 815 5.6 % Net income attributable to non-controlling interests (10) (0.1) (10) (0.1) Net income attributable to Amcor plc $ 1,048 7.1 % $ 805 5.5 % the remainder was used to reduce debt. Significant Developments Affecting the Periods Presented Economic and Market Conditions During fiscal year 2023, we have continued to experience intermittent supply shortages and price volatility of certain resins and raw materials as a result of market dynamics, especially in the first half of fiscal year 2023, and higher rates of inflation impacting energy, fuel, and labor costs. In addition, higher inflation, especially in Europe and the United States, has led central banks to rapidly raise interest rates to dampen inflation which results in higher interest expense on our variable rate debt particularly U.S. dollar and Euro denominated debt. The underlying causes for the continued volatility can be attributed to a variety of factors, such as the Russia-Ukraine conflict and higher inflation in many economies, which has resulted in increased volatility in energy and food markets and impacted global economies. This has led to reduced consumer demand for certain of our products and customer destocking in fiscal year 2023. We will continue to work closely with our suppliers and customers, leveraging our global capabilities and expertise to work through supply chain disruptions and other resulting issues. In addition, we are focused on driving costs out of our business in this challenging environment and recovering higher raw material costs to help mitigate inflation. However, there could be a time lag between recognizing the benefit of our mitigating actions and when the inflation occurs, and there is no assurance that measures taken will be able to fully mitigate the impact of ongoing inflation. While we expect customer destocking to abate in the short-term and consumer demand to improve incrementally throughout fiscal year 2024, there is no assurance that demand will rebound. Russia-Ukraine Conflict / 2023 Restructuring Plan Russia's invasion of Ukraine that began in February 2022 continues as of the date of the filing of this annual report. In advance of the invasion, we proactively suspended operations at our small manufacturing site in Ukraine. We also operated three manufacturing facilities in Russia ("Russian business") until their sale on December 23, 2022, for net cash proceeds of $365 million. In addition, we repatriated approximately $65 million in cash held in Russia as part of the transaction. We recorded a pre-tax net gain on sale of $215 million. The carrying value of the Russian business had previously been impaired by $90 million in the quarter ended June 30, 2022. On February 7, 2023, we announced that we expect to invest $110 million to $130 million of the sale proceeds from the Russian business in various cost savings initiatives to partly offset divested earnings from the Russian business (the "2023 Restructuring Plan" or the "Plan"). We expect total Plan cash and non-cash net expenses of $200 million to $220 million. Of the remaining cash received from the sale of the Russian business, we allocated $100 million to repurchase additional shares and In connection with the 2023 Restructuring Plan, we initiated in fiscal year 2023 restructuring and related projects with an expected net cost of approximately $150 million, of which approximately $80 million is expected to result in net cash expenditures. As of June 30, 2023, we have incurred $65 million in employee related expenses, $13 million in fixed asset related expenses, $10 million in other restructuring expenses, and $6 million in restructuring related expenses. To date, the Plan has resulted in approximately $25 million of cash outflows. Management initiated other restructuring actions in the fourth quarter of fiscal year 2022 to help mitigate the impact of the Russian sale. Management expects to realize an annualized pre-tax benefit of approximately $50 million from structural cost reduction actions taken as a result of all Russia related restructuring by the end of fiscal year 2025. For further information, refer to Note 4, "Restructuring, Impairment, and Other Related Activities, Net," Note 6, "Held for Sale," and Note 7, "Restructuring" of "Part II, Item 8, Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements." 29 30 Amcor Annual Report 2023 FINAL FINAL Form10-K 43 Form10-K 44 Item 7. - Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations Overview Management’s Discussion and Analysis should be read in conjunction with the Consolidated Financial Statements and related Notes included in Item 8 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K. The following is a discussion and analysis of changes in the results of operations for fiscal year 2023 compared to fiscal year 2022. A discussion and analysis regarding our results of operations for fiscal year 2022, compared to fiscal year 2021 that are not included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K can be found in Part II, Item 7 of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended June 30, 2022, filed with the SEC on August 18, 2022 and incorporated by reference. Amcor is a global leader in developing and producing responsible packaging for food, beverage, pharmaceutical, medical, home and personal-care, and other products. We work with leading companies around the world to protect their products and the people who rely on them, differentiate brands, and improve supply chains through a range of flexible and rigid packaging, specialty cartons, closures, and services. We are focused on making packaging that is increasingly light-weighted, recyclable and reusable, and made using an increasing amount of recycled content. During fiscal year 2023, Amcor generated $14.7 billion in sales from operations that spanned 218 locations in over 40 countries. Operating expenses: Selling, general, and administrative expenses Research and development expenses Restructuring, impairment, and other related activities, net Two Year Review of Results (in millions) Net sales Cost of sales Gross profit Other income, net Operating income Interest income Interest expense Other non-operating income, net Income tax expense Net income 2023 2022 $ 14,694 100.0 % $ 14,544 100.0 % (11,969) (81.5) (11,724) (80.6) 2,725 18.5 2,820 19.4 (1,246) (101) 104 26 (8.5) (0.7) 0.7 0.2 (1,284) (96) (234) 33 (8.8) (0.7) (1.6) 0.2 1,508 10.3 1,239 8.5 31 (290) 2 0.2 (2.0) — 24 (159) 11 0.2 (1.1) 0.1 (193) (1.3) (300) (2.1) $ 1,058 7.2 % $ 815 5.6 % Income before income taxes 1,251 8.5 1,115 7.7 Net income attributable to non-controlling interests (10) (0.1) (10) (0.1) Net income attributable to Amcor plc $ 1,048 7.1 % $ 805 5.5 % Significant Developments Affecting the Periods Presented Economic and Market Conditions During fiscal year 2023, we have continued to experience intermittent supply shortages and price volatility of certain resins and raw materials as a result of market dynamics, especially in the first half of fiscal year 2023, and higher rates of inflation impacting energy, fuel, and labor costs. In addition, higher inflation, especially in Europe and the United States, has led central banks to rapidly raise interest rates to dampen inflation which results in higher interest expense on our variable rate debt particularly U.S. dollar and Euro denominated debt. The underlying causes for the continued volatility can be attributed to a variety of factors, such as the Russia-Ukraine conflict and higher inflation in many economies, which has resulted in increased volatility in energy and food markets and impacted global economies. This has led to reduced consumer demand for certain of our products and customer destocking in fiscal year 2023. We will continue to work closely with our suppliers and customers, leveraging our global capabilities and expertise to work through supply chain disruptions and other resulting issues. In addition, we are focused on driving costs out of our business in this challenging environment and recovering higher raw material costs to help mitigate inflation. However, there could be a time lag between recognizing the benefit of our mitigating actions and when the inflation occurs, and there is no assurance that measures taken will be able to fully mitigate the impact of ongoing inflation. While we expect customer destocking to abate in the short-term and consumer demand to improve incrementally throughout fiscal year 2024, there is no assurance that demand will rebound. Russia-Ukraine Conflict / 2023 Restructuring Plan Russia's invasion of Ukraine that began in February 2022 continues as of the date of the filing of this annual report. In advance of the invasion, we proactively suspended operations at our small manufacturing site in Ukraine. We also operated three manufacturing facilities in Russia ("Russian business") until their sale on December 23, 2022, for net cash proceeds of $365 million. In addition, we repatriated approximately $65 million in cash held in Russia as part of the transaction. We recorded a pre-tax net gain on sale of $215 million. The carrying value of the Russian business had previously been impaired by $90 million in the quarter ended June 30, 2022. On February 7, 2023, we announced that we expect to invest $110 million to $130 million of the sale proceeds from the Russian business in various cost savings initiatives to partly offset divested earnings from the Russian business (the "2023 Restructuring Plan" or the "Plan"). We expect total Plan cash and non-cash net expenses of $200 million to $220 million. Of the remaining cash received from the sale of the Russian business, we allocated $100 million to repurchase additional shares and the remainder was used to reduce debt. In connection with the 2023 Restructuring Plan, we initiated in fiscal year 2023 restructuring and related projects with an expected net cost of approximately $150 million, of which approximately $80 million is expected to result in net cash expenditures. As of June 30, 2023, we have incurred $65 million in employee related expenses, $13 million in fixed asset related expenses, $10 million in other restructuring expenses, and $6 million in restructuring related expenses. To date, the Plan has resulted in approximately $25 million of cash outflows. Management initiated other restructuring actions in the fourth quarter of fiscal year 2022 to help mitigate the impact of the Russian sale. Management expects to realize an annualized pre-tax benefit of approximately $50 million from structural cost reduction actions taken as a result of all Russia related restructuring by the end of fiscal year 2025. For further information, refer to Note 4, "Restructuring, Impairment, and Other Related Activities, Net," Note 6, "Held for Sale," and Note 7, "Restructuring" of "Part II, Item 8, Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements." 29 30 Amcor Annual Report 2023 FINAL FINAL Form10-K 45 Impact of COVID-19 Results of Operations There are currently no significant COVID-19 related restrictions on our business, with China relaxing controls and Consolidated Results of Operations eliminating lockdowns in December 2022. Lockdowns and related impacts, including the unwinding of lockdowns, impacted demand for our products in China in fiscal year 2023. Throughout the COVID-19 pandemic, our facilities were largely exempt from government mandated closure orders. The impact of any future pandemics or regional health crises on our business will depend on the extent and nature of any future disruptions across the supply chain, the implementation of social distancing measures and other government-imposed restrictions, as well as the nature and pace of macroeconomic recovery in key global economies. South Africa Fire On July 13, 2021, our Durban, South Africa, manufacturing facility was destroyed by fire associated with general civil unrest. The facility employed 350 individuals and no employees were injured as the facility had been closed in advance of the disturbance. In fiscal years 2023 and 2022, we recorded total expenses of $55 million before insurance settlements, primarily related to inventory, property, and equipment losses from the fire and other expenses related to the fire and closure of our South African business. We had insurance for the majority of property and other losses resulting from the fire and received total gross insurance settlements of $46 million in fiscal years 2023 and 2022. 2019 Bemis Integration Plan In connection with the acquisition of Bemis Company, Inc. ("Bemis"), we initiated restructuring activities in the fourth quarter of 2019 aimed at integrating and optimizing the combined organization. We have exceeded the targeted pre-tax synergies of $180 million by approximately 10% driven by procurement, supply chain, and general and administrative savings as of June 30, 2022. The 2019 Bemis Integration Plan was completed by June 30, 2022, with final pre-tax integration cost amounting to $253 million. The total 2019 Bemis Integration Plan cost included $213 million of restructuring and related expenses, net, and $40 million of general integration expenses. The net cash expenditures for the plan, including disposal proceeds, were $170 million, of which $40 million related to general integration expenses. As part of this Plan, we incurred $144 million in employee related expenses, $36 million in fixed asset related expenses, $39 million in other restructuring and $45 million in restructuring related expenses, partially offset by a gain on disposal of a business of $51 million. In fiscal year 2022, the Plan resulted in net cash outflows of $49 million, of which $47 million were payments related to restructuring and related expenditures. The remaining cash outflow was primarily incurred in fiscal year 2023. Highly Inflationary Accounting We have subsidiaries in Argentina that historically had a functional currency of the Argentine Peso. As of June 30, 2018, the Argentine economy was designated as highly inflationary for accounting purposes. Accordingly, beginning July 1, 2018, we began reporting the financial results of our Argentine subsidiaries with a functional currency of the Argentine Peso at the functional currency of the parent, which is the U.S. dollar. Highly inflationary accounting resulted in a negative impact of $24 million and $16 million in foreign currency transaction losses that were reflected in the consolidated statements of income for the fiscal years ended June 30, 2023, and 2022, respectively. ($ in millions, except per share data) Net sales Operating income Operating income as a percentage of net sales Net income attributable to Amcor plc Diluted Earnings Per Share 2023 2022 $ 14,694 $ 14,544 1,508 10.3 % 1,239 8.5 % $ $ 1,048 0.705 $ $ 805 0.529 Net sales increased by $150 million, or 1%, in fiscal year 2023, compared to fiscal year 2022. Excluding the pass- through of raw material costs of $776 million, negative currency impacts of $426 million, and the negative impact of disposed and ceased operations of $207 million, the remaining variation in net sales for the fiscal year 2023 was an increase of $7 million, or 0%, reflecting price/mix benefits of 3% and unfavorable volumes of (3%). Net income attributable to Amcor plc increased by $243 million, or 30%, in fiscal year 2023, compared to fiscal year 2022, mainly as a result of a pre-tax net gain of $215 million on the disposal of the Russian business in fiscal year 2023, decreased restructuring, impairment, and other related activities, net of $123 million, and a decrease in income tax expense of $107 million, partially offset by a decrease in gross profit of $95 million and an increase in net interest expense of $124 million. Diluted earnings per share ("Diluted EPS") increased by $0.176, or 33%, in fiscal year 2023, compared to fiscal year 2022, with net income attributable to ordinary shareholders increasing by 30% and the diluted weighted-average number of shares outstanding decreasing by 3%. The decrease in the diluted weighted-average number of shares outstanding was due to the repurchase of shares under announced share buyback programs. Segment Results of Operations Flexibles Segment ($ in millions) Net sales Adjusted EBIT Adjusted EBIT as a percentage of net sales 2023 2022 $ 11,154 $ 11,151 1,429 12.8 % 1,517 13.6 % Net sales increased by $3 million, or 0%, in fiscal year 2023, compared to fiscal year 2022. Excluding the pass- through of higher raw material costs of $516 million, negative currency impacts of $404 million, and the negative impact of disposed and ceased operations of $207 million, the remaining variation in net sales for the fiscal year 2023 was an increase of $98 million, or 1%, reflecting favorable price/mix of 4%, and unfavorable volumes of (3%). Adjusted earnings before interest and tax ("Adjusted EBIT") decreased by $88 million, or 6% in fiscal year 2023, compared to fiscal year 2022. Excluding negative currency impacts of $41 million and the negative impact of disposed and ceased operations of $63 million, the remaining variation in adjusted EBIT for the fiscal year 2023 was an increase of $16 million, or 1%, reflecting favorable price/mix of 17%, offset by unfavorable volumes of (7%), unfavorable plant costs of (5%), and unfavorable SG&A and other costs of (4%), all largely impacted by inflationary pressures. Rigid Packaging Segment ($ in millions) Net sales Adjusted EBIT Adjusted EBIT as a percentage of net sales 2023 $ 3,540 $ 265 7.5 % 2022 3,393 289 8.5 % Net sales increased by $147 million, or 4%, in fiscal year 2023, compared to fiscal year 2022. Excluding the pass- through of raw material costs of $260 million and negative currency impacts of $22 million, the remaining variation in net sales 31 32 Amcor Annual Report 2023 FINAL FINAL Form10-K 45 Form10-K 46 Impact of COVID-19 Results of Operations There are currently no significant COVID-19 related restrictions on our business, with China relaxing controls and Consolidated Results of Operations eliminating lockdowns in December 2022. Lockdowns and related impacts, including the unwinding of lockdowns, impacted demand for our products in China in fiscal year 2023. Throughout the COVID-19 pandemic, our facilities were largely exempt from government mandated closure orders. The impact of any future pandemics or regional health crises on our business will depend on the extent and nature of any future disruptions across the supply chain, the implementation of social distancing measures and other government-imposed restrictions, as well as the nature and pace of macroeconomic recovery in key global economies. South Africa Fire On July 13, 2021, our Durban, South Africa, manufacturing facility was destroyed by fire associated with general civil unrest. The facility employed 350 individuals and no employees were injured as the facility had been closed in advance of the disturbance. In fiscal years 2023 and 2022, we recorded total expenses of $55 million before insurance settlements, primarily related to inventory, property, and equipment losses from the fire and other expenses related to the fire and closure of our South African business. We had insurance for the majority of property and other losses resulting from the fire and received total gross insurance settlements of $46 million in fiscal years 2023 and 2022. 2019 Bemis Integration Plan In connection with the acquisition of Bemis Company, Inc. ("Bemis"), we initiated restructuring activities in the fourth quarter of 2019 aimed at integrating and optimizing the combined organization. We have exceeded the targeted pre-tax synergies of $180 million by approximately 10% driven by procurement, supply chain, and general and administrative savings as of June 30, 2022. The 2019 Bemis Integration Plan was completed by June 30, 2022, with final pre-tax integration cost amounting to $253 million. The total 2019 Bemis Integration Plan cost included $213 million of restructuring and related expenses, net, and $40 million of general integration expenses. The net cash expenditures for the plan, including disposal proceeds, were $170 million, of which $40 million related to general integration expenses. As part of this Plan, we incurred $144 million in employee related expenses, $36 million in fixed asset related expenses, $39 million in other restructuring and $45 million in restructuring related expenses, partially offset by a gain on disposal of a business of $51 million. In fiscal year 2022, the Plan resulted in net cash outflows of $49 million, of which $47 million were payments related to restructuring and related expenditures. The remaining cash outflow was primarily incurred in fiscal year 2023. Highly Inflationary Accounting We have subsidiaries in Argentina that historically had a functional currency of the Argentine Peso. As of June 30, 2018, the Argentine economy was designated as highly inflationary for accounting purposes. Accordingly, beginning July 1, 2018, we began reporting the financial results of our Argentine subsidiaries with a functional currency of the Argentine Peso at the functional currency of the parent, which is the U.S. dollar. Highly inflationary accounting resulted in a negative impact of $24 million and $16 million in foreign currency transaction losses that were reflected in the consolidated statements of income for the fiscal years ended June 30, 2023, and 2022, respectively. ($ in millions, except per share data) Net sales Operating income Operating income as a percentage of net sales Net income attributable to Amcor plc Diluted Earnings Per Share 2023 2022 $ 14,694 $ 14,544 1,508 10.3 % 1,239 8.5 % $ $ 1,048 0.705 $ $ 805 0.529 Net sales increased by $150 million, or 1%, in fiscal year 2023, compared to fiscal year 2022. Excluding the pass- through of raw material costs of $776 million, negative currency impacts of $426 million, and the negative impact of disposed and ceased operations of $207 million, the remaining variation in net sales for the fiscal year 2023 was an increase of $7 million, or 0%, reflecting price/mix benefits of 3% and unfavorable volumes of (3%). Net income attributable to Amcor plc increased by $243 million, or 30%, in fiscal year 2023, compared to fiscal year 2022, mainly as a result of a pre-tax net gain of $215 million on the disposal of the Russian business in fiscal year 2023, decreased restructuring, impairment, and other related activities, net of $123 million, and a decrease in income tax expense of $107 million, partially offset by a decrease in gross profit of $95 million and an increase in net interest expense of $124 million. Diluted earnings per share ("Diluted EPS") increased by $0.176, or 33%, in fiscal year 2023, compared to fiscal year 2022, with net income attributable to ordinary shareholders increasing by 30% and the diluted weighted-average number of shares outstanding decreasing by 3%. The decrease in the diluted weighted-average number of shares outstanding was due to the repurchase of shares under announced share buyback programs. Segment Results of Operations Flexibles Segment ($ in millions) Net sales Adjusted EBIT Adjusted EBIT as a percentage of net sales 2023 2022 $ 11,154 $ 11,151 1,429 12.8 % 1,517 13.6 % Net sales increased by $3 million, or 0%, in fiscal year 2023, compared to fiscal year 2022. Excluding the pass- through of higher raw material costs of $516 million, negative currency impacts of $404 million, and the negative impact of disposed and ceased operations of $207 million, the remaining variation in net sales for the fiscal year 2023 was an increase of $98 million, or 1%, reflecting favorable price/mix of 4%, and unfavorable volumes of (3%). Adjusted earnings before interest and tax ("Adjusted EBIT") decreased by $88 million, or 6% in fiscal year 2023, compared to fiscal year 2022. Excluding negative currency impacts of $41 million and the negative impact of disposed and ceased operations of $63 million, the remaining variation in adjusted EBIT for the fiscal year 2023 was an increase of $16 million, or 1%, reflecting favorable price/mix of 17%, offset by unfavorable volumes of (7%), unfavorable plant costs of (5%), and unfavorable SG&A and other costs of (4%), all largely impacted by inflationary pressures. Rigid Packaging Segment ($ in millions) Net sales Adjusted EBIT Adjusted EBIT as a percentage of net sales 2023 $ 3,540 $ 265 7.5 % 2022 3,393 289 8.5 % Net sales increased by $147 million, or 4%, in fiscal year 2023, compared to fiscal year 2022. Excluding the pass- through of raw material costs of $260 million and negative currency impacts of $22 million, the remaining variation in net sales 31 32 Amcor Annual Report 2023 FINAL FINAL Form10-K 47 for the fiscal year 2023 was a decrease of $91 million, or (3%), reflecting price/mix benefits of approximately 1%, offset by unfavorable volumes (4%). Adjusted EBIT decreased by $24 million, or 8%, in fiscal year 2023, compared to fiscal year 2022. Excluding negative currency impacts of $2 million, the remaining variation in adjusted EBIT for the fiscal year 2023 was a decrease of $22 million, or 8%, with favorable price/mix of 20%, more than offset by unfavorable volumes of (12%), unfavorable plant costs of (11%) and unfavorable SG&A and other costs of (5%), all largely impacted by inflationary pressures. Consolidated Income Tax Expense ($ in millions) Income tax expense Effective tax rate 2023 2022 $ (193) $ 15.4 % (300) 26.9 % Income tax expense decreased by $107 million, or 36%, in fiscal year 2023, compared to fiscal year 2022. The decrease was predominantly attributable to a decrease in tax provisions for uncertain tax positions and a non-taxable capital gain on the sale of the Russian business. Consolidated Gross Profit ($ in millions) Gross profit Gross profit as a percentage of net sales 2023 2022 $ 2,725 $ 2,820 18.5 % 19.4 % Gross profit decreased by $95 million, or 3%, in fiscal year 2023, compared to fiscal year 2022. Excluding negative currency impacts of $78 million, the negative impact from disposed and ceased operations of $73 million, the remaining variation in gross profit for fiscal year 2023 was an increase of $56 million, reflecting favorable operating cost performance. Gross profit as a percentage of sales decreased to 18.5% in fiscal year 2023, mainly from the impact on the calculation from the pass-through of higher raw material costs during the current fiscal period and the impact of disposed operations. Consolidated Selling, General, and Administrative ("SG&A") Expenses ($ in millions) SG&A expenses SG&A expenses as a percentage of net sales 2023 2022 $ (1,246) $ (1,284) (8.5) % (8.8) % SG&A decreased by $38 million, or 3%, in fiscal year 2023, compared to fiscal year 2022. The decrease was primarily driven by exchange rate movements. Consolidated Restructuring, Impairment and Other Related Activities, Net ($ in millions) Restructuring, impairment, and other related activities, net Restructuring, impairment, and other related activities, net, as a percentage of net sales 2023 2022 $ 104 $ 0.7 % (234) (1.6) % Restructuring, impairment, and other related activities, net decreased by $338 million, or 144%, in fiscal year 2023, compared to fiscal year 2022. The decrease in net expense was mainly a result of a pre-tax net gain of $215 million on the disposal of the Russian business in fiscal year 2023, and the non-recurrence of impairment expenses of $138 million related to the Russia-Ukraine conflict in fiscal year 2022, partially offset by an increase in restructuring and related costs of $15 million. Consolidated Interest Income ($ in millions) Interest income Interest income as a percentage of net sales 2023 2022 $ 31 $ 0.2 % 24 0.2 % Interest income increased by $7 million, or 29%, in fiscal year 2023, compared to fiscal year 2022, driven by increased interest rates on cash balances. Consolidated Interest Expense ($ in millions) Interest expense Interest expense as a percentage of net sales 2023 2022 $ (290) $ (2.0) % (159) (1.1) % Interest expense increased by $131 million, or 82%, in fiscal year 2023, compared to fiscal year 2022, primarily driven by increased interest rates on U.S. dollar and Euro denominated variable rate debt. 33 34 Amcor Annual Report 2023 FINAL FINAL Form10-K 47 Form10-K 48 for the fiscal year 2023 was a decrease of $91 million, or (3%), reflecting price/mix benefits of approximately 1%, offset by unfavorable volumes (4%). Adjusted EBIT decreased by $24 million, or 8%, in fiscal year 2023, compared to fiscal year 2022. Excluding negative currency impacts of $2 million, the remaining variation in adjusted EBIT for the fiscal year 2023 was a decrease of $22 million, or 8%, with favorable price/mix of 20%, more than offset by unfavorable volumes of (12%), unfavorable plant costs of (11%) and unfavorable SG&A and other costs of (5%), all largely impacted by inflationary pressures. Consolidated Income Tax Expense ($ in millions) Income tax expense Effective tax rate 2023 2022 $ (193) $ 15.4 % (300) 26.9 % Income tax expense decreased by $107 million, or 36%, in fiscal year 2023, compared to fiscal year 2022. The decrease was predominantly attributable to a decrease in tax provisions for uncertain tax positions and a non-taxable capital gain on the sale of the Russian business. Consolidated Gross Profit ($ in millions) Gross profit Gross profit as a percentage of net sales 2023 2022 $ 2,725 $ 2,820 18.5 % 19.4 % Gross profit decreased by $95 million, or 3%, in fiscal year 2023, compared to fiscal year 2022. Excluding negative currency impacts of $78 million, the negative impact from disposed and ceased operations of $73 million, the remaining variation in gross profit for fiscal year 2023 was an increase of $56 million, reflecting favorable operating cost performance. Gross profit as a percentage of sales decreased to 18.5% in fiscal year 2023, mainly from the impact on the calculation from the pass-through of higher raw material costs during the current fiscal period and the impact of disposed operations. Consolidated Selling, General, and Administrative ("SG&A") Expenses ($ in millions) SG&A expenses SG&A expenses as a percentage of net sales 2023 2022 $ (1,246) $ (1,284) (8.5) % (8.8) % SG&A decreased by $38 million, or 3%, in fiscal year 2023, compared to fiscal year 2022. The decrease was primarily driven by exchange rate movements. Consolidated Restructuring, Impairment and Other Related Activities, Net ($ in millions) Restructuring, impairment, and other related activities, net Restructuring, impairment, and other related activities, net, as a percentage of net sales 2023 2022 $ 104 $ 0.7 % (234) (1.6) % Restructuring, impairment, and other related activities, net decreased by $338 million, or 144%, in fiscal year 2023, compared to fiscal year 2022. The decrease in net expense was mainly a result of a pre-tax net gain of $215 million on the disposal of the Russian business in fiscal year 2023, and the non-recurrence of impairment expenses of $138 million related to the Russia-Ukraine conflict in fiscal year 2022, partially offset by an increase in restructuring and related costs of $15 million. Consolidated Interest Income ($ in millions) Interest income Interest income as a percentage of net sales interest rates on cash balances. Consolidated Interest Expense ($ in millions) Interest expense Interest expense as a percentage of net sales 2023 2022 $ 31 $ 0.2 % 24 0.2 % 2023 2022 $ (290) $ (2.0) % (159) (1.1) % Interest income increased by $7 million, or 29%, in fiscal year 2023, compared to fiscal year 2022, driven by increased Interest expense increased by $131 million, or 82%, in fiscal year 2023, compared to fiscal year 2022, primarily driven by increased interest rates on U.S. dollar and Euro denominated variable rate debt. 33 34 Amcor Annual Report 2023 (2) Amortization of acquired intangible assets from business combinations includes amortization expenses related to all acquired (3) Impact of hyperinflation includes the adverse impact of highly inflationary accounting for subsidiaries in Argentina where the intangible assets from past acquisitions. functional currency was the Argentine Peso. Plans," for more information. (4) Pension settlements in fiscal year 2023 primarily includes the settlement of a small European plan and in fiscal year 2022 the purchase of group annuity contracts and transfer of pension plan assets and related benefit obligations. Refer to Note 13, "Pension (5) Net (gain)/loss on disposals, excluding the disposal of our Russian business, includes an expense of $10 million from the disposal of non-core assets in fiscal year 2022. Refer to Note 11, "Fair Value Measurements," for more information. Fiscal year 2021 includes the gain realized upon the disposal of AMVIG and the loss upon disposal of other non-core businesses not part of material restructuring programs. Refer to Note 8, "Equity Method and Other Investments," for further information on the disposal of AMVIG and Note 5, "Acquisitions and Divestitures," for more information regarding the other disposals. (6) Property and other losses, net in fiscal year 2023 includes property claims and losses of $5 million and $3 million of net insurance recovery related to the closure of our South African business. Fiscal year 2022 includes business losses primarily associated with the destruction of our Durban, South Africa facility during general civil unrest in July 2021, net of insurance recovery. (7) Russia-Ukraine conflict impacts in fiscal year 2023 includes a pre-tax net gain on the sale of our Russian business of $215 million, incremental costs of $18 million, and restructuring and related expenses of $107 million incurred in connection with the conflict. Fiscal year 2022 includes $138 million of impairment charges, $57 million of restructuring and related expenses, and $5 million of other expenses. Refer to Note 4, "Restructuring, Impairment, and Other Related Activities, Net," and Note 7, "Restructuring," for further information. (8) Other in fiscal year 2023 includes other restructuring, acquisition, litigation, and integration expenses of $13 million and fair value gains of $16 million on economic hedges. Fiscal years 2022 and 2021 include costs associated with the Bemis transaction and fiscal year 2021 also includes a $19 million benefit related to Brazil indirect taxes resulting from a May 2021 Brazil Supreme Court decision. (9) Net tax impact on items (1) through (8) above. Reconciliation of Net Debt ($ in millions) Short-term debt Current portion of long-term debt Long-term debt, less current portion Total debt Net debt Less cash and cash equivalents June 30, 2023 June 30, 2022 $ $ 13 $ 80 6,653 6,746 689 6,057 $ 14 136 6,340 6,490 775 5,715 FINAL FINAL Form10-K 49 Presentation of Non-GAAP Information This Annual Report on Form 10-K refers to non-GAAP financial measures: adjusted earnings before interest and taxes ("Adjusted EBIT"), earnings before interest and tax ("EBIT"), adjusted net income, and net debt. Such measures have not been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America ("U.S. GAAP"). These non-GAAP financial measures adjust for factors that are unusual or unpredictable. These measures exclude the impact of certain amounts related to the effect of changes in currency exchange rates, acquisitions, and restructuring, including employee related costs, equipment relocation costs, accelerated depreciation, and the write-down of equipment. These measures also exclude gains or losses on sales of significant property and divestitures, significant property and other impairments, net of insurance recovery, certain regulatory and litigation matters, significant pension settlements, impairments in goodwill and equity method investments, and certain acquisition-related expenses, including transaction and integration expenses, due diligence expenses, professional and legal fees, purchase accounting adjustments for inventory, order backlog, intangible amortization, changes in the fair value of deferred acquisition payments and economic hedging instruments on commercial paper, and impacts related to the Russia-Ukraine conflict. Note that while amortization of acquired intangible assets is excluded from non-GAAP adjusted financial measures, the revenue of the acquired entities and all other expenses unless otherwise stated, are reflected in Adjusted EBIT and adjusted net income and the acquired assets contribute to revenue generation. This adjusted information should not be construed as an alternative to results determined in accordance with U.S. GAAP. We use the non-GAAP measures to evaluate operating performance and believe that these non-GAAP measures are useful to enable investors and other external parties to perform comparisons of our current and historical performance. A reconciliation of reported net income attributable to Amcor plc to Adjusted EBIT and adjusted net income for fiscal years 2023, 2022, and 2021 is as follows: ($ in millions) Years ended June 30, 2023 2022 2021 A reconciliation of total debt to net debt at June 30, 2023 and 2022 is as follows: Net income attributable to Amcor plc, as reported $ 1,048 $ 805 $ Add: Net income attributable to non-controlling interests Net income Add: Income tax expense Add: Interest expense Less: Interest income EBIT Add: 2018/2019 Restructuring programs (1) Add: Amortization of acquired intangible assets from business combinations (2) Add: Impact of hyperinflation (3) Add: Pension settlements (4) Add/(Less): Net (gain)/loss on disposals (5) Add: Property and other losses, net (6) Add/(Less): Russia-Ukraine conflict impacts (7) Add/(Less): Other (8) Adjusted EBIT Less: Income tax expense Less: Adjustments to income tax expense (9) Less: Interest expense Add: Interest income Less: Net income attributable to non-controlling interests 10 1,058 193 290 10 815 300 159 (31) (24) 1,510 — 160 24 5 — 2 (90) (3) 1,608 (193) (57) (290) 31 (10) 1,250 37 163 16 8 10 13 200 4 1,701 (300) (32) (159) 24 (10) 939 12 951 261 153 (14) 1,351 88 165 19 — (9) — — 7 1,621 (261) (51) (153) 14 (12) Adjusted net income $ 1,089 $ 1,224 $ 1,158 (1) 2018/2019 Restructuring programs include restructuring and related expenses for the 2019 Bemis Integration Plan for fiscal year 2022, and 2018 Rigid Packaging Restructuring Plan and the 2019 Bemis Integration Plan for fiscal year 2021. Refer to Note 7, "Restructuring," for more information. 35 36 Amcor Annual Report 2023 FINAL FINAL Form10-K 49 Form10-K 50 (2) Amortization of acquired intangible assets from business combinations includes amortization expenses related to all acquired (3) intangible assets from past acquisitions. Impact of hyperinflation includes the adverse impact of highly inflationary accounting for subsidiaries in Argentina where the functional currency was the Argentine Peso. (4) Pension settlements in fiscal year 2023 primarily includes the settlement of a small European plan and in fiscal year 2022 the purchase of group annuity contracts and transfer of pension plan assets and related benefit obligations. Refer to Note 13, "Pension Plans," for more information. (5) Net (gain)/loss on disposals, excluding the disposal of our Russian business, includes an expense of $10 million from the disposal of non-core assets in fiscal year 2022. Refer to Note 11, "Fair Value Measurements," for more information. Fiscal year 2021 includes the gain realized upon the disposal of AMVIG and the loss upon disposal of other non-core businesses not part of material restructuring programs. Refer to Note 8, "Equity Method and Other Investments," for further information on the disposal of AMVIG and Note 5, "Acquisitions and Divestitures," for more information regarding the other disposals. (6) Property and other losses, net in fiscal year 2023 includes property claims and losses of $5 million and $3 million of net insurance recovery related to the closure of our South African business. Fiscal year 2022 includes business losses primarily associated with the destruction of our Durban, South Africa facility during general civil unrest in July 2021, net of insurance recovery. (7) Russia-Ukraine conflict impacts in fiscal year 2023 includes a pre-tax net gain on the sale of our Russian business of $215 million, incremental costs of $18 million, and restructuring and related expenses of $107 million incurred in connection with the conflict. Fiscal year 2022 includes $138 million of impairment charges, $57 million of restructuring and related expenses, and $5 million of other expenses. Refer to Note 4, "Restructuring, Impairment, and Other Related Activities, Net," and Note 7, "Restructuring," for further information. (8) Other in fiscal year 2023 includes other restructuring, acquisition, litigation, and integration expenses of $13 million and fair value gains of $16 million on economic hedges. Fiscal years 2022 and 2021 include costs associated with the Bemis transaction and fiscal year 2021 also includes a $19 million benefit related to Brazil indirect taxes resulting from a May 2021 Brazil Supreme Court decision. A reconciliation of reported net income attributable to Amcor plc to Adjusted EBIT and adjusted net income for fiscal (9) Net tax impact on items (1) through (8) above. Reconciliation of Net Debt A reconciliation of total debt to net debt at June 30, 2023 and 2022 is as follows: ($ in millions) Current portion of long-term debt Short-term debt Long-term debt, less current portion Total debt Less cash and cash equivalents Net debt June 30, 2023 June 30, 2022 $ $ 13 $ 80 6,653 6,746 689 6,057 $ 14 136 6,340 6,490 775 5,715 Presentation of Non-GAAP Information This Annual Report on Form 10-K refers to non-GAAP financial measures: adjusted earnings before interest and taxes ("Adjusted EBIT"), earnings before interest and tax ("EBIT"), adjusted net income, and net debt. Such measures have not been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America ("U.S. GAAP"). These non-GAAP financial measures adjust for factors that are unusual or unpredictable. These measures exclude the impact of certain amounts related to the effect of changes in currency exchange rates, acquisitions, and restructuring, including employee related costs, equipment relocation costs, accelerated depreciation, and the write-down of equipment. These measures also exclude gains or losses on sales of significant property and divestitures, significant property and other impairments, net of insurance recovery, certain regulatory and litigation matters, significant pension settlements, impairments in goodwill and equity method investments, and certain acquisition-related expenses, including transaction and integration expenses, due diligence expenses, professional and legal fees, purchase accounting adjustments for inventory, order backlog, intangible amortization, changes in the fair value of deferred acquisition payments and economic hedging instruments on commercial paper, and impacts related to the Russia-Ukraine conflict. Note that while amortization of acquired intangible assets is excluded from non-GAAP adjusted financial measures, the revenue of the acquired entities and all other expenses unless otherwise stated, are reflected in Adjusted EBIT and adjusted net income and the acquired assets contribute to revenue generation. This adjusted information should not be construed as an alternative to results determined in accordance with U.S. GAAP. We use the non-GAAP measures to evaluate operating performance and believe that these non-GAAP measures are useful to enable investors and other external parties to perform comparisons of our current and historical performance. Add: 2018/2019 Restructuring programs (1) Add: Amortization of acquired intangible assets from business combinations (2) years 2023, 2022, and 2021 is as follows: ($ in millions) Net income attributable to Amcor plc, as reported Add: Net income attributable to non-controlling interests Net income Add: Income tax expense Add: Interest expense Less: Interest income EBIT Add: Impact of hyperinflation (3) Add: Pension settlements (4) Add/(Less): Net (gain)/loss on disposals (5) Add: Property and other losses, net (6) Add/(Less): Russia-Ukraine conflict impacts (7) Less: Adjustments to income tax expense (9) Add/(Less): Other (8) Adjusted EBIT Less: Income tax expense Less: Interest expense Add: Interest income Adjusted net income Less: Net income attributable to non-controlling interests Years ended June 30, 2023 2022 2021 $ 1,048 $ 805 $ (31) (24) 10 1,058 193 290 1,510 — 160 24 5 — 2 (90) (3) 1,608 (193) (57) (290) 31 (10) 10 815 300 159 1,250 37 163 16 8 10 13 200 4 1,701 (300) (32) (159) 24 (10) 939 12 951 261 153 (14) 1,351 88 165 19 — (9) — — 7 1,621 (261) (51) (153) 14 (12) $ 1,089 $ 1,224 $ 1,158 (1) 2018/2019 Restructuring programs include restructuring and related expenses for the 2019 Bemis Integration Plan for fiscal year 2022, and 2018 Rigid Packaging Restructuring Plan and the 2019 Bemis Integration Plan for fiscal year 2021. Refer to Note 7, "Restructuring," for more information. 35 36 Amcor Annual Report 2023 FINAL FINAL Form10-K 51 Supplemental Guarantor Information Basis of Preparation Amcor plc, along with certain wholly owned subsidiary guarantors, guarantee the following senior notes issued by the wholly owned subsidiaries, Amcor Flexibles North America, Inc., Amcor UK Finance plc, and Amcor Finance (USA), Inc. • • • • • • • • $500 million, 4.000% Guaranteed Senior Notes due 2025 of Amcor Flexibles North America, Inc. $300 million, 3.100% Guaranteed Senior Notes due 2026 of Amcor Flexibles North America, Inc. $600 million, 3.625% Guaranteed Senior Notes due 2026 of Amcor Flexibles North America, Inc. $500 million, 4.500% Guaranteed Senior Notes due 2028 of Amcor Flexibles North America, Inc. $500 million, 2.630% Guaranteed Senior Notes due 2030 of Amcor Flexibles North America, Inc. $800 million, 2.690% Guaranteed Senior Notes due 2031 of Amcor Flexibles North America, Inc. €500 million, 1.125% Guaranteed Senior Notes due 2027 of Amcor UK Finance plc $500 million, 5.625% Guaranteed Senior Notes due 2033 of Amcor Finance (USA), Inc. The six notes issued by Amcor Flexibles North America, Inc. are guaranteed by its parent entity, Amcor plc, and the subsidiary guarantors Amcor Pty Ltd, Amcor Finance (USA), Inc., and Amcor UK Finance plc. The note issued by Amcor UK Finance plc is guaranteed by its parent entity, Amcor plc, and the subsidiary guarantors Amcor Pty Ltd, Amcor Flexibles North America, Inc., and Amcor Finance (USA), Inc. The note issued by Amcor Finance (USA), Inc. is guaranteed by its ultimate parent entity, Amcor plc, and the subsidiary guarantors Amcor Pty Ltd, Amcor Flexibles North America, Inc., and Amcor UK Finance plc. All guarantors fully, unconditionally, and irrevocably guarantee, on a joint and several basis, to each holder of the notes, the due and punctual payment of the principal of, and any premium and interest on, such note and all other amounts payable, when and as the same shall become due and payable, whether at stated maturity, by declaration of acceleration, call for redemption or otherwise, in accordance with the terms of the notes and related indenture. The obligations of the applicable guarantors under their guarantees will be limited as necessary to recognize certain defenses generally available to guarantors (including those that relate to fraudulent conveyance or transfer, voidable preference, financial assistance, corporate purpose, or similar laws) under applicable law. The guarantees will be unsecured and unsubordinated obligations of the guarantors and will rank equally with all existing and future unsecured and unsubordinated debt of each guarantor. None of our other subsidiaries guarantee such notes. The issuers and guarantors conduct large parts of their operations through other subsidiaries of Amcor plc. Amcor Flexibles North America, Inc. is incorporated in Missouri in the United States, Amcor UK Finance plc is incorporated in England and Wales, United Kingdom, Amcor Finance (USA), Inc. is incorporated in Delaware in the United States, and the guarantors are incorporated under the laws of Jersey, Australia, the United States, and England and Wales and, therefore, insolvency proceedings with respect to the issuers and guarantors could proceed under, and be governed by, among others, Jersey, Australian, United States, or English insolvency law, as the case may be, if either issuer or any guarantor defaults on its obligations under the applicable Notes or Guarantees, respectively. Set forth below is the summarized financial information of the combined Obligor Group made up of Amcor plc (as parent guarantor), Amcor Flexibles North America, Inc., Amcor UK Finance plc, and Amcor Finance (USA), Inc. (as subsidiary issuers of the notes and guarantors of each other’s notes), and Amcor Pty Ltd (as the remaining subsidiary guarantor). The following summarized financial information is presented for the parent, issuer, and guarantor subsidiaries ("Obligor Group") on a combined basis after elimination of intercompany transactions between entities in the combined group and amounts related to investments in any subsidiary that is a non-guarantor. This information is not intended to present the financial position or results of operations of the combined group of companies in accordance with U.S. GAAP. Statement of Income for Obligor Group (in millions) (1) Includes $1,993 million net intercompany income from Amcor entities from outside the Obligor Group, mainly attributable to intercompany dividends and intercompany interest income. Balance Sheet for Obligor Group (in millions) For the year ended June 30, Net sales - external Net sales - to subsidiaries outside the Obligor Group Total net sales Gross profit Net income (1) Net income attributable to non-controlling interests Net income attributable to Obligor Group Current assets - due from subsidiaries outside the Obligor Group Non-current assets - due from subsidiaries outside the Obligor Group Assets Liabilities As of June 30, Current assets - external Total current assets Non-current assets - external Total non-current assets Total assets Current liabilities - external Total current liabilities Non-current liabilities - external Total non-current liabilities Total liabilities Current liabilities - due to subsidiaries outside the Obligor Group Non-current liabilities - due to subsidiaries outside the Obligor Group $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ 2023 2023 1,065 6 1,071 187 1,583 — 1,583 1,184 190 1,374 1,415 10,992 12,407 13,781 1,912 37 1,949 6,801 9,917 16,718 18,667 37 38 Amcor Annual Report 2023 Supplemental Guarantor Information Basis of Preparation FINAL FINAL Form10-K 51 Form10-K 52 Amcor plc, along with certain wholly owned subsidiary guarantors, guarantee the following senior notes issued by the wholly owned subsidiaries, Amcor Flexibles North America, Inc., Amcor UK Finance plc, and Amcor Finance (USA), Inc. • • • • • • • • $500 million, 4.000% Guaranteed Senior Notes due 2025 of Amcor Flexibles North America, Inc. $300 million, 3.100% Guaranteed Senior Notes due 2026 of Amcor Flexibles North America, Inc. $600 million, 3.625% Guaranteed Senior Notes due 2026 of Amcor Flexibles North America, Inc. $500 million, 4.500% Guaranteed Senior Notes due 2028 of Amcor Flexibles North America, Inc. $500 million, 2.630% Guaranteed Senior Notes due 2030 of Amcor Flexibles North America, Inc. $800 million, 2.690% Guaranteed Senior Notes due 2031 of Amcor Flexibles North America, Inc. €500 million, 1.125% Guaranteed Senior Notes due 2027 of Amcor UK Finance plc $500 million, 5.625% Guaranteed Senior Notes due 2033 of Amcor Finance (USA), Inc. The six notes issued by Amcor Flexibles North America, Inc. are guaranteed by its parent entity, Amcor plc, and the subsidiary guarantors Amcor Pty Ltd, Amcor Finance (USA), Inc., and Amcor UK Finance plc. The note issued by Amcor UK Finance plc is guaranteed by its parent entity, Amcor plc, and the subsidiary guarantors Amcor Pty Ltd, Amcor Flexibles North America, Inc., and Amcor Finance (USA), Inc. The note issued by Amcor Finance (USA), Inc. is guaranteed by its ultimate parent entity, Amcor plc, and the subsidiary guarantors Amcor Pty Ltd, Amcor Flexibles North America, Inc., and Amcor UK Finance plc. All guarantors fully, unconditionally, and irrevocably guarantee, on a joint and several basis, to each holder of the notes, the due and punctual payment of the principal of, and any premium and interest on, such note and all other amounts payable, when and as the same shall become due and payable, whether at stated maturity, by declaration of acceleration, call for redemption or otherwise, in accordance with the terms of the notes and related indenture. The obligations of the applicable guarantors under their guarantees will be limited as necessary to recognize certain defenses generally available to guarantors (including those that relate to fraudulent conveyance or transfer, voidable preference, financial assistance, corporate purpose, or similar laws) under applicable law. The guarantees will be unsecured and unsubordinated obligations of the guarantors and will rank equally with all existing and future unsecured and unsubordinated debt of each guarantor. None of our other subsidiaries guarantee such notes. The issuers and guarantors conduct large parts of their operations through other subsidiaries of Amcor plc. Amcor Flexibles North America, Inc. is incorporated in Missouri in the United States, Amcor UK Finance plc is incorporated in England and Wales, United Kingdom, Amcor Finance (USA), Inc. is incorporated in Delaware in the United States, and the guarantors are incorporated under the laws of Jersey, Australia, the United States, and England and Wales and, therefore, insolvency proceedings with respect to the issuers and guarantors could proceed under, and be governed by, among others, Jersey, Australian, United States, or English insolvency law, as the case may be, if either issuer or any guarantor defaults on its obligations under the applicable Notes or Guarantees, respectively. Set forth below is the summarized financial information of the combined Obligor Group made up of Amcor plc (as parent guarantor), Amcor Flexibles North America, Inc., Amcor UK Finance plc, and Amcor Finance (USA), Inc. (as subsidiary issuers of the notes and guarantors of each other’s notes), and Amcor Pty Ltd (as the remaining subsidiary guarantor). The following summarized financial information is presented for the parent, issuer, and guarantor subsidiaries ("Obligor Group") on a combined basis after elimination of intercompany transactions between entities in the combined group and amounts related to investments in any subsidiary that is a non-guarantor. This information is not intended to present the financial position or results of operations of the combined group of companies in accordance with U.S. GAAP. Statement of Income for Obligor Group (in millions) For the year ended June 30, Net sales - external Net sales - to subsidiaries outside the Obligor Group Total net sales Gross profit Net income (1) Net income attributable to non-controlling interests Net income attributable to Obligor Group 2023 $ $ $ $ (1) Includes $1,993 million net intercompany income from Amcor entities from outside the Obligor Group, mainly attributable to intercompany dividends and intercompany interest income. Balance Sheet for Obligor Group (in millions) As of June 30, Current assets - external Assets Current assets - due from subsidiaries outside the Obligor Group Total current assets Non-current assets - external Non-current assets - due from subsidiaries outside the Obligor Group Total non-current assets Total assets Current liabilities - external Liabilities Current liabilities - due to subsidiaries outside the Obligor Group Total current liabilities Non-current liabilities - external Non-current liabilities - due to subsidiaries outside the Obligor Group Total non-current liabilities Total liabilities 2023 $ $ $ $ 1,065 6 1,071 187 1,583 — 1,583 1,184 190 1,374 1,415 10,992 12,407 13,781 1,912 37 1,949 6,801 9,917 16,718 18,667 37 38 Amcor Annual Report 2023 FINAL FINAL Form10-K 53 Liquidity and Capital Resources extend the debt beyond 12 months. The current portion of long-term debt consists of debt amounts repayable within a year after We finance our business primarily through cash flows provided by operating activities, borrowings from banks, and proceeds from issuances of debt and equity. We periodically review our capital structure and liquidity position in light of market conditions, expected future cash flows, potential funding requirements for debt refinancing, capital expenditures and acquisitions, the cost of capital, sensitivity analyses reflecting downside scenarios, the impact on our financial metrics and credit ratings, and our ease of access to funding sources. We believe that our cash flows provided by operating activities, together with borrowings available under our credit facilities and access to the commercial paper market, backstopped by our bank debt facilities, will continue to provide sufficient liquidity to fund our operations, capital expenditures, and other commitments, including dividends and purchases of our ordinary shares and CHESS Depositary Instruments under authorized share repurchase programs, into the foreseeable future. Overview ($ in millions) Net cash provided by operating activities Net cash used in investing activities Net cash used in financing activities Cash Flow Overview Net Cash Provided by Operating Activities Year Ended June 30, 2023 2022 $ 1,261 $ (309) (1,025) 1,526 (527) (891) Net cash provided by operating activities decreased by $265 million in fiscal year 2023, compared to fiscal year 2022. The decrease in cash flow reflects lower accounts payable balances resulting from moderated purchasing activities due to inventory reduction initiatives, higher interest payments, and lower sales volumes in fiscal year 2023. Net Cash Used in Investing Activities Dividend Payments Net cash used in investing activities decreased by $218 million in fiscal year 2023, compared to fiscal year 2022. The decrease is mainly driven by the disposal proceeds collected from the sale of the Russian business in the current period, partially offset by business acquisitions and equity method and other investments. In fiscal years 2023, 2022, and 2021, we paid $723 million, $732 million, and $742 million, respectively, in dividends. The dividend per share has increased in each of the years, with the total amount paid declining due to repurchase of shares Net Cash Used in Financing Activities Net cash used in financing activities increased by $134 million in fiscal year 2023, compared to fiscal year 2022. The change is primarily due to lower net debt drawdowns, partially offset by lower share buybacks in the current period as compared to the prior period. Net Debt We borrow from financial institutions and debt investors in the form of bank overdrafts, bank loans, corporate bonds, unsecured notes, and commercial paper. We have a mixture of fixed and floating interest rates and use interest rate swaps to provide further flexibility in managing the interest cost of borrowings. At the end of October 2022, we entered into two interest rate swap contracts for a total notional amount of $1.25 billion. Under the terms of the contracts, we paid a weighted average fixed rate of interest of 4.53% and received a variable rate of interest, based on compound overnight SOFR, from November 1, 2022, through June 30, 2023, settled monthly. In March 2023, we entered into two additional interest rate swap contracts for a total notional amount of $1.2 billion. Under the terms of the contracts, we will pay a weighted average fixed rate of interest of 3.88% and receive a variable rate of interest based on 1- month Term SOFR. The swaps are effective as of July 1, 2023, and mature on June 30, 2024. The interest rate swap contracts economically hedge the SOFR component of our forecasted commercial paper issuances. Short-term debt consists of bank debt with a duration of less than 12 months and bank overdrafts which are classified as current due to the short-term nature of the borrowings, except where we have the ability and intent to refinance and as such 39 40 the balance sheet date. Our primary bank debt facilities and notes are unsecured and subject to negative pledge arrangements limiting the amount of secured indebtedness we can incur to 10.0% of our total tangible assets, subject to some exceptions and variations by facility. In addition, the covenants of the bank debt facilities require us to maintain a leverage ratio not higher than 3.9 times. The negative pledge arrangements and the financial covenants are defined in the related debt agreements. As of June 30, 2023, we were in compliance with all applicable covenants under our bank debt facilities. Our net debt as of June 30, 2023, and June 30, 2022 was $6.1 billion and $5.7 billion, respectively. Debt Facilities and Refinancing As of June 30, 2023, we had undrawn credit facilities available in the amount of $1.3 billion. Our senior facilities are available to fund working capital, growth capital expenditures, and refinancing obligations and are provided to us by two bank syndicates. These facilities mature in April 2025 and April 2027, respectively, and the revolving tranches have two 12-month options available to extend the maturity date. As of June 30, 2023, the revolving senior bank debt facilities had an aggregate limit of $3.8 billion, of which $2.5 billion had been drawn (inclusive of amounts drawn under commercial paper programs reducing the overall balance of available senior facilities). Subject to certain conditions, we can request the total commitment level under each agreement to be increased by up to $500 million. For further information, refer to Note 14, "Debt." On May 26, 2023, we issued U.S. dollar notes with a principal amount of $500 million and a contractual maturity in May 2033. The notes pay a coupon of 5.63% per annum, payable semi-annually in arrears. The proceeds of the issuance were used to refinance a portion of our U.S. dollar commercial paper outstanding. On March 22, 2023, we redeemed Euro bonds of €300 million (equivalent to $322 million) at maturity. The redemption was funded with commercial paper. The notes carried an interest rate of 2.75%. under announced share buyback programs. Credit Rating Our capital structure and financial practices have earned us investment grade credit ratings from two internationally recognized credit rating agencies. These investment grade credit ratings are important to our ability to issue debt at favorable rates of interest, for various terms, and from a diverse range of markets that are highly liquid, including European and U.S. debt capital markets and from global financial institutions. Share Repurchases On August 17, 2022, our Board of Directors approved a $400 million buyback of ordinary shares and/or CHESS Depositary Instruments ("CDIs") and this program has been completed in fiscal year 2023. Further, on February 7, 2023, our Board of Directors approved an additional buyback of up to $100 million of ordinary shares and/or CDIs in the following twelve months. During the fiscal year ended June 30, 2023, we repurchased approximately $431 million, excluding transaction costs, or 41 million shares. The shares repurchased were canceled upon repurchase. We had cash outflows of $221 million, $143 million, and $8 million for the purchase of our shares in the open market during fiscal years 2023, 2022, and 2021, respectively, as treasury shares to satisfy the vesting and exercises of share-based compensation awards. As of June 30, 2023, 2022, and 2021, we held treasury shares at cost of $12 million, $18 million, and $29 million, representing 1 million, 2 million, and 3 million shares, respectively. Amcor Annual Report 2023 FINAL FINAL Form10-K 53 Form10-K 54 Liquidity and Capital Resources We finance our business primarily through cash flows provided by operating activities, borrowings from banks, and proceeds from issuances of debt and equity. We periodically review our capital structure and liquidity position in light of market conditions, expected future cash flows, potential funding requirements for debt refinancing, capital expenditures and acquisitions, the cost of capital, sensitivity analyses reflecting downside scenarios, the impact on our financial metrics and credit ratings, and our ease of access to funding sources. We believe that our cash flows provided by operating activities, together with borrowings available under our credit extend the debt beyond 12 months. The current portion of long-term debt consists of debt amounts repayable within a year after the balance sheet date. Our primary bank debt facilities and notes are unsecured and subject to negative pledge arrangements limiting the amount of secured indebtedness we can incur to 10.0% of our total tangible assets, subject to some exceptions and variations by facility. In addition, the covenants of the bank debt facilities require us to maintain a leverage ratio not higher than 3.9 times. The negative pledge arrangements and the financial covenants are defined in the related debt agreements. As of June 30, 2023, we were in compliance with all applicable covenants under our bank debt facilities. facilities and access to the commercial paper market, backstopped by our bank debt facilities, will continue to provide sufficient Our net debt as of June 30, 2023, and June 30, 2022 was $6.1 billion and $5.7 billion, respectively. liquidity to fund our operations, capital expenditures, and other commitments, including dividends and purchases of our ordinary shares and CHESS Depositary Instruments under authorized share repurchase programs, into the foreseeable future. Debt Facilities and Refinancing Overview ($ in millions) Net cash provided by operating activities Net cash used in investing activities Net cash used in financing activities Cash Flow Overview Net Cash Provided by Operating Activities Year Ended June 30, 2023 2022 $ 1,261 $ (309) (1,025) 1,526 (527) (891) Net cash provided by operating activities decreased by $265 million in fiscal year 2023, compared to fiscal year 2022. The decrease in cash flow reflects lower accounts payable balances resulting from moderated purchasing activities due to inventory reduction initiatives, higher interest payments, and lower sales volumes in fiscal year 2023. As of June 30, 2023, we had undrawn credit facilities available in the amount of $1.3 billion. Our senior facilities are available to fund working capital, growth capital expenditures, and refinancing obligations and are provided to us by two bank syndicates. These facilities mature in April 2025 and April 2027, respectively, and the revolving tranches have two 12-month options available to extend the maturity date. As of June 30, 2023, the revolving senior bank debt facilities had an aggregate limit of $3.8 billion, of which $2.5 billion had been drawn (inclusive of amounts drawn under commercial paper programs reducing the overall balance of available senior facilities). Subject to certain conditions, we can request the total commitment level under each agreement to be increased by up to $500 million. For further information, refer to Note 14, "Debt." On May 26, 2023, we issued U.S. dollar notes with a principal amount of $500 million and a contractual maturity in May 2033. The notes pay a coupon of 5.63% per annum, payable semi-annually in arrears. The proceeds of the issuance were used to refinance a portion of our U.S. dollar commercial paper outstanding. On March 22, 2023, we redeemed Euro bonds of €300 million (equivalent to $322 million) at maturity. The redemption was funded with commercial paper. The notes carried an interest rate of 2.75%. Net Cash Used in Investing Activities Dividend Payments Net cash used in investing activities decreased by $218 million in fiscal year 2023, compared to fiscal year 2022. The decrease is mainly driven by the disposal proceeds collected from the sale of the Russian business in the current period, partially offset by business acquisitions and equity method and other investments. In fiscal years 2023, 2022, and 2021, we paid $723 million, $732 million, and $742 million, respectively, in dividends. The dividend per share has increased in each of the years, with the total amount paid declining due to repurchase of shares under announced share buyback programs. Net Cash Used in Financing Activities Credit Rating Net cash used in financing activities increased by $134 million in fiscal year 2023, compared to fiscal year 2022. The change is primarily due to lower net debt drawdowns, partially offset by lower share buybacks in the current period as compared to the prior period. Net Debt We borrow from financial institutions and debt investors in the form of bank overdrafts, bank loans, corporate bonds, unsecured notes, and commercial paper. We have a mixture of fixed and floating interest rates and use interest rate swaps to provide further flexibility in managing the interest cost of borrowings. At the end of October 2022, we entered into two interest rate swap contracts for a total notional amount of $1.25 billion. Under the terms of the contracts, we paid a weighted average fixed rate of interest of 4.53% and received a variable rate of interest, based on compound overnight SOFR, from November 1, 2022, through June 30, 2023, settled monthly. In March 2023, we entered into two additional interest rate swap contracts for a total notional amount of $1.2 billion. Under the terms of the contracts, we will pay a weighted average fixed rate of interest of 3.88% and receive a variable rate of interest based on 1- month Term SOFR. The swaps are effective as of July 1, 2023, and mature on June 30, 2024. The interest rate swap contracts economically hedge the SOFR component of our forecasted commercial paper issuances. Short-term debt consists of bank debt with a duration of less than 12 months and bank overdrafts which are classified as current due to the short-term nature of the borrowings, except where we have the ability and intent to refinance and as such Our capital structure and financial practices have earned us investment grade credit ratings from two internationally recognized credit rating agencies. These investment grade credit ratings are important to our ability to issue debt at favorable rates of interest, for various terms, and from a diverse range of markets that are highly liquid, including European and U.S. debt capital markets and from global financial institutions. Share Repurchases On August 17, 2022, our Board of Directors approved a $400 million buyback of ordinary shares and/or CHESS Depositary Instruments ("CDIs") and this program has been completed in fiscal year 2023. Further, on February 7, 2023, our Board of Directors approved an additional buyback of up to $100 million of ordinary shares and/or CDIs in the following twelve months. During the fiscal year ended June 30, 2023, we repurchased approximately $431 million, excluding transaction costs, or 41 million shares. The shares repurchased were canceled upon repurchase. We had cash outflows of $221 million, $143 million, and $8 million for the purchase of our shares in the open market during fiscal years 2023, 2022, and 2021, respectively, as treasury shares to satisfy the vesting and exercises of share-based compensation awards. As of June 30, 2023, 2022, and 2021, we held treasury shares at cost of $12 million, $18 million, and $29 million, representing 1 million, 2 million, and 3 million shares, respectively. 39 40 Amcor Annual Report 2023 We expect long-term future funding needs to primarily relate to refinancing and servicing our outstanding financial liabilities maturing as outlined above and to finance our capital expenditure and payments for acquisitions that may be the cash flow provided by operating activities available to the business and management of the capital of the business, in particular through issuance of commercial paper and debt securities on a regular basis. We decide on discretionary growth capital expenditures and acquisitions individually based on, among other factors, the return on investment after related financing costs and the payback period of required upfront cash investments in light of our mid-term liquidity planning covering a period of four years post the current fiscal year. Our long-term access to liquidity depends on both our results of operations and on the availability of funding in financial markets. FINAL FINAL Form10-K 55 Material Cash Requirements Our material cash requirements for future periods from known contractual obligations are included below. We expect completed. We expect to continue to fund our long-term business needs on the same basis as in the past, i.e., partially through to fund these cash requirements primarily through cash flows provided by operating activities, borrowings from banks, and proceeds from issuances of debt and equity. These amounts reflect material cash requirements for which we are contractually committed. • • • • • • Debt obligations: Refer to Note 14, “Debt” of the notes to consolidated financial statements for additional information about our debt obligations and the related timing of these expected payments. Interest payments: Refer to Note 14, “Debt” of the notes to consolidated financial statements for additional information about our interest payments and the related timing of the expected payments. Operating and finance leases: Refer to Note 15, “Leases” of the notes to consolidated financial statements for information about our lease obligations and the related timing of the expected payments. Employee benefit plan obligations: Refer to Note 13, “Pension Plans” of the notes to consolidated financial statements for additional information about our employee benefit plan obligations and the related timing of the expected payments. Capital expenditures: As of June 30, 2023, we have $249 million in committed capital expenditures for the fiscal year 2024. Other purchase obligations: Amcor has other purchase obligations, including commitments to purchase a specified minimum amount of goods, inclusive of raw materials, utilities, and other. These obligations are legally binding and non-cancellable. Where we are unable to determine the periods in which these obligations could be payable under these contracts, we present the cash requirement in the earliest period in which the minimum obligation could be payable. The estimated future cash outlays are approximately $1.1 billion, $450 million, $250 million, $100 million, and $100 million in fiscal years 2024, 2025, 2026, 2027, and 2028, respectively. Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements Other than as described under "Material Cash Requirements" as of June 30, 2023, we had no significant off-balance sheet contractual obligations or other commitments. Liquidity Risk and Outlook Liquidity risk arises from the possibility that we might encounter difficulty in settling our debts or otherwise meeting our obligations related to financial liabilities. We manage liquidity risk centrally and such management involves maintaining available funding and ensuring that we have access to an adequate amount of committed credit facilities. Due to the dynamic nature of our business, the aim is to maintain flexibility within our funding structure through the use of bank overdrafts, bank loans, corporate bonds, unsecured notes, and commercial paper. The following guidelines are used to manage our liquidity risk: • maintaining minimum undrawn committed liquidity of at least $200 million that can be drawn at short notice; • regularly performing a comprehensive analysis of all cash inflows and outflows in relation to operational, investing, and financing activities; generally using tradable instruments only in highly liquid markets; • • maintaining a senior credit investment grade rating with a reputable independent rating agency; • managing credit risk related to financial assets; • monitoring the duration of long-term debt; • • only investing surplus cash with major financial institutions or well diversified money market funds; and to the extent practicable, spreading the maturity dates of long-term debt facilities. Our three- and five-year syndicated facility agreements each provide a revolving credit facility of $1.9 billion, $3.8 billion in total. The facilities are unsecured and have contractual maturities in April 2025 and April 2027, respectively. The agreements include customary terms and conditions for a syndicated facility of this nature, and the revolving tranches have two 12-month options available to extend the maturity date. As of June 30, 2023, and 2022, an aggregate principal amount of $2.5 billion and $2.4 billion, respectively, was drawn under commercial paper programs. However, such programs are backstopped by committed bank syndicated loan facilities with maturities in April 2025 ($1.9 billion), and April 2027 ($1.9 billion), with an option to extend, under which we had $1.3 billion in unused capacity remaining as of June 30, 2023. 41 42 Amcor Annual Report 2023 FINAL FINAL Form10-K 55 Form10-K 56 We expect long-term future funding needs to primarily relate to refinancing and servicing our outstanding financial liabilities maturing as outlined above and to finance our capital expenditure and payments for acquisitions that may be completed. We expect to continue to fund our long-term business needs on the same basis as in the past, i.e., partially through the cash flow provided by operating activities available to the business and management of the capital of the business, in particular through issuance of commercial paper and debt securities on a regular basis. We decide on discretionary growth capital expenditures and acquisitions individually based on, among other factors, the return on investment after related financing costs and the payback period of required upfront cash investments in light of our mid-term liquidity planning covering a period of four years post the current fiscal year. Our long-term access to liquidity depends on both our results of operations and on the availability of funding in financial markets. Material Cash Requirements Our material cash requirements for future periods from known contractual obligations are included below. We expect to fund these cash requirements primarily through cash flows provided by operating activities, borrowings from banks, and proceeds from issuances of debt and equity. These amounts reflect material cash requirements for which we are contractually committed. • • • • • • • • • • Debt obligations: Refer to Note 14, “Debt” of the notes to consolidated financial statements for additional information about our debt obligations and the related timing of these expected payments. Interest payments: Refer to Note 14, “Debt” of the notes to consolidated financial statements for additional information about our interest payments and the related timing of the expected payments. Operating and finance leases: Refer to Note 15, “Leases” of the notes to consolidated financial statements for information about our lease obligations and the related timing of the expected payments. Employee benefit plan obligations: Refer to Note 13, “Pension Plans” of the notes to consolidated financial statements for additional information about our employee benefit plan obligations and the related timing of the expected Capital expenditures: As of June 30, 2023, we have $249 million in committed capital expenditures for the fiscal year payments. 2024. Other purchase obligations: Amcor has other purchase obligations, including commitments to purchase a specified minimum amount of goods, inclusive of raw materials, utilities, and other. These obligations are legally binding and non-cancellable. Where we are unable to determine the periods in which these obligations could be payable under these contracts, we present the cash requirement in the earliest period in which the minimum obligation could be payable. The estimated future cash outlays are approximately $1.1 billion, $450 million, $250 million, $100 million, and $100 million in fiscal years 2024, 2025, 2026, 2027, and 2028, respectively. Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements sheet contractual obligations or other commitments. Liquidity Risk and Outlook Other than as described under "Material Cash Requirements" as of June 30, 2023, we had no significant off-balance Liquidity risk arises from the possibility that we might encounter difficulty in settling our debts or otherwise meeting our obligations related to financial liabilities. We manage liquidity risk centrally and such management involves maintaining available funding and ensuring that we have access to an adequate amount of committed credit facilities. Due to the dynamic nature of our business, the aim is to maintain flexibility within our funding structure through the use of bank overdrafts, bank loans, corporate bonds, unsecured notes, and commercial paper. The following guidelines are used to manage our liquidity risk: • maintaining minimum undrawn committed liquidity of at least $200 million that can be drawn at short notice; regularly performing a comprehensive analysis of all cash inflows and outflows in relation to operational, investing, and financing activities; generally using tradable instruments only in highly liquid markets; • maintaining a senior credit investment grade rating with a reputable independent rating agency; • managing credit risk related to financial assets; • monitoring the duration of long-term debt; only investing surplus cash with major financial institutions or well diversified money market funds; and to the extent practicable, spreading the maturity dates of long-term debt facilities. Our three- and five-year syndicated facility agreements each provide a revolving credit facility of $1.9 billion, $3.8 billion in total. The facilities are unsecured and have contractual maturities in April 2025 and April 2027, respectively. The agreements include customary terms and conditions for a syndicated facility of this nature, and the revolving tranches have two 12-month options available to extend the maturity date. As of June 30, 2023, and 2022, an aggregate principal amount of $2.5 billion and $2.4 billion, respectively, was drawn under commercial paper programs. However, such programs are backstopped by committed bank syndicated loan facilities with maturities in April 2025 ($1.9 billion), and April 2027 ($1.9 billion), with an option to extend, under which we had $1.3 billion in unused capacity remaining as of June 30, 2023. 41 42 Amcor Annual Report 2023 FINAL FINAL Form10-K 57 Critical Accounting Estimates and Judgments Our discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations is based on our consolidated financial statements, which have been prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP. The preparation of these financial statements requires us to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of expenses during the reporting period. On an ongoing basis, we evaluate our estimates and judgments, including those related to retirement benefits, intangible assets, goodwill, and expected future performance of operations. Our estimates and judgments are based on historical experience and various other factors that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances. Actual results may differ from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions. We believe the following are critical accounting estimates used in the preparation of our consolidated financial statements. The critical accounting estimates discussed below should be read together with our significant accounting policies in Note 2, “Significant Accounting Policies,” of the notes to our consolidated financial statements. Pensions The majority of our principal defined benefit plans are closed to new entrants and future accruals. The accounting for defined benefit pension plans requires us to recognize the overfunded or underfunded status of the pension plans on our balance sheet. A significant portion of our pension amounts relates to our defined benefit plans in the United States, Switzerland, United Kingdom, and Germany. The net periodic pension cost recorded in fiscal year 2023 was $11 million, compared to net periodic pension cost of $12 million in fiscal year 2022 and $15 million in fiscal year 2021. We expect net periodic pension cost before the effect of income taxes for fiscal year 2024 to be approximately $11 million. For our sponsored plans, the relevant accounting guidance requires management to make certain assumptions relating to the long-term rate of return on plan assets, discount rates used to determine the present value of future obligations and expenses, salary inflation rates, mortality rates, and other assumptions. We believe the accounting estimates related to our pension plans are critical accounting estimates because they are highly susceptible to change from period to period based on the performance of plan assets, actuarial valuations, market conditions, and contracted benefit changes. The selection of assumptions is based on historical trends, known economic and market conditions at the time of valuation, and independent studies of trends performed by our actuaries. However, actual results may differ substantially from the estimates that were based on the critical assumptions. The difference between the fair value of plan assets and the projected benefit obligation of a pension plan must be recorded on the consolidated balance sheets as an asset, in the case of an overfunded plan, or as a liability, in the case of an underfunded plan. Gains or losses and prior service costs or credits that arise but are not recognized as components of pension cost are recorded as a component of other comprehensive income/(loss). Pension plan liabilities are revalued annually, or when an event occurs that requires remeasurement, based on updated assumptions and information about the individuals covered by the plan. Accumulated actuarial gains and losses in excess of a 10 percent corridor and the prior service cost are amortized on a straight-line basis from the date recognized over the average remaining service period of active participants or over the average life expectancy for plans with significant inactive participants. We review annually the discount rates used to calculate the present value of pension plan liabilities. The discount rates used at each measurement date is determined based on a high-quality corporate bond yield curve, derived based on bond universe information sourced from reputable third-party indexes, data providers, and rating agencies. In countries where there is not a deep market for corporate bonds, we generally use a government bond approach to set the discount rate. Additionally, the expected long-term rates of return on plan assets is derived for each benefit plan by considering the expected future long-term return assumption for each individual asset class. A single long-term return assumption is then derived for each plan based on the plan's target asset allocation. Pension Assumptions Sensitivity Analysis The following chart depicts the sensitivity of estimated fiscal year 2024 pension expense to incremental changes in the weighted average discount rate and expected long-term rate of return on assets. Total Increase/ (Decrease) to Pension Expense from Current Assumption Total Increase/ (Decrease) to Pension Expense from Current Assumption (3) — 3 (in $ millions) Rate of Return on Plan Assets (in $ millions) 4.26 percent (current assumption) — 5.47 percent (current assumption) 1 +25 basis points (1) -25 basis points Discount Rate +25 basis points -25 basis points Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets Goodwill represents the excess of the aggregate purchase price over the fair value of net assets acquired, including intangible assets. Goodwill is not amortized but is instead tested for impairment annually in the fourth quarter of each fiscal year, or when events and circumstances indicate an impairment may have occurred. Our reporting units each contain goodwill that is assessed for potential impairment. All goodwill is assigned to a reporting unit, which we have defined as an operating segment, based on the relative fair value of the reporting unit at the time of each acquisition. We have six reporting units, of which five are included in our Flexibles reportable segment. The other reporting unit, Rigid Packaging, is also a reportable segment. In our impairment analysis, we may elect to first assess qualitative factors to determine whether a quantitative test is necessary. If we determine that a quantitative test is necessary or elect to perform a quantitative test instead of the qualitative test, we derive an estimate of fair values for each of our reporting units using income approaches. The most significant assumptions used in the determination of the estimated fair value of the reporting units are revenue growth, projected operating income growth, market multiples, terminal values, and discount rates. When the carrying value of a reporting unit exceeds its fair value, we recognize an impairment loss equal to the difference between the carrying value and estimated fair value of the reporting unit, adjusted for any tax benefits, limited to the amount of the carrying value of goodwill. Our estimates associated with the goodwill impairment tests are considered critical due to the amount of goodwill recorded on our consolidated balance sheets and the judgment required in determining fair value amounts, including projected future cash flows. Judgment is also used in assessing whether goodwill should be tested more frequently for impairment than annually. Factors such as a significant decrease in expected net earnings, adverse equity market conditions, and other external events, such as significant inflation and rising interest rates, may result in the need for more frequent assessments. Intangible assets consist primarily of purchased customer relationships, technology, trademarks, and software and are amortized using the straight-line method over their estimated useful lives, ranging from one to twenty years. We review these intangible assets for impairment when changes in circumstances or the occurrence of events suggest that the remaining value is not recoverable. The impairment test requires us to make estimates about fair value, most of which are based on projected future cash flows and discount rates. These estimates and projections require judgments about future events, conditions, and amounts of future cash flows. Deferred Taxes and Uncertain Tax Positions Significant judgments and estimates are required in determining our deferred tax assets and liabilities and uncertain tax positions as tax laws are often complex and may be subject to differing interpretations by the taxpayer and the relevant taxing authorities. Determining uncertain tax positions involves evaluating whether the weight of available positive and negative evidence indicates that it is more likely than not that the position taken or expected to be taken in the tax return will be sustained upon tax audit, including resolution of related appeals or litigation processes, if any. The recognized tax benefits are measured as the largest benefit of having a more likely than not likelihood of being sustained upon settlement. Additionally, we are required to assess the likelihood of recovering deferred tax assets against future sources of taxable income which may result in the need for a valuation allowance on deferred tax assets, including operating loss, capital loss, and tax credit carryforwards if we do not reach the more likely than not threshold based on all available evidence. Examples of factors considered in determining deferred tax asset realizability include the expected future performance of operations and taxable earnings, the expected timing of the reversal of temporary differences, as well as the feasibility of tax planning strategies. If actual results differ from these estimates or if there are future changes in tax laws or statutory tax rates, we may need to adjust valuation allowances, or deferred tax liabilities, which could have a material impact on our consolidated financial position and results of operations. 43 44 Amcor Annual Report 2023 FINAL FINAL Form10-K 57 Form10-K 58 Critical Accounting Estimates and Judgments Our discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations is based on our consolidated financial statements, which have been prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP. The preparation of these financial statements requires us to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of expenses during the reporting period. On an ongoing basis, we evaluate our estimates and judgments, including those related to retirement benefits, intangible assets, goodwill, and expected future performance of operations. Our estimates and judgments are based on historical experience and various other factors that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances. Actual results may differ from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions. We believe the following are critical accounting estimates used in the preparation of our consolidated financial statements. The critical accounting estimates discussed below should be read together with our significant accounting policies in Note 2, “Significant Accounting Policies,” of the notes to our consolidated financial statements. Pensions The majority of our principal defined benefit plans are closed to new entrants and future accruals. The accounting for defined benefit pension plans requires us to recognize the overfunded or underfunded status of the pension plans on our balance sheet. A significant portion of our pension amounts relates to our defined benefit plans in the United States, Switzerland, United Kingdom, and Germany. The net periodic pension cost recorded in fiscal year 2023 was $11 million, compared to net periodic pension cost of $12 million in fiscal year 2022 and $15 million in fiscal year 2021. We expect net periodic pension cost before the effect of income taxes for fiscal year 2024 to be approximately $11 million. For our sponsored plans, the relevant accounting guidance requires management to make certain assumptions relating to the long-term rate of return on plan assets, discount rates used to determine the present value of future obligations and expenses, salary inflation rates, mortality rates, and other assumptions. We believe the accounting estimates related to our pension plans are critical accounting estimates because they are highly susceptible to change from period to period based on the performance of plan assets, actuarial valuations, market conditions, and contracted benefit changes. The selection of assumptions is based on historical trends, known economic and market conditions at the time of valuation, and independent studies of trends performed by our actuaries. However, actual results may differ substantially from the estimates that were based on the critical assumptions. The difference between the fair value of plan assets and the projected benefit obligation of a pension plan must be recorded on the consolidated balance sheets as an asset, in the case of an overfunded plan, or as a liability, in the case of an underfunded plan. Gains or losses and prior service costs or credits that arise but are not recognized as components of pension cost are recorded as a component of other comprehensive income/(loss). Pension plan liabilities are revalued annually, or when an event occurs that requires remeasurement, based on updated assumptions and information about the individuals covered by the plan. Accumulated actuarial gains and losses in excess of a 10 percent corridor and the prior service cost are amortized on a straight-line basis from the date recognized over the average remaining service period of active participants or over the average life expectancy for plans with significant inactive participants. We review annually the discount rates used to calculate the present value of pension plan liabilities. The discount rates used at each measurement date is determined based on a high-quality corporate bond yield curve, derived based on bond universe information sourced from reputable third-party indexes, data providers, and rating agencies. In countries where there is not a deep market for corporate bonds, we generally use a government bond approach to set the discount rate. Additionally, the expected long-term rates of return on plan assets is derived for each benefit plan by considering the expected future long-term return assumption for each individual asset class. A single long-term return assumption is then derived for each plan based on the plan's target asset allocation. Pension Assumptions Sensitivity Analysis The following chart depicts the sensitivity of estimated fiscal year 2024 pension expense to incremental changes in the weighted average discount rate and expected long-term rate of return on assets. Total Increase/ (Decrease) to Pension Expense from Current Assumption Total Increase/ (Decrease) to Pension Expense from Current Assumption Discount Rate +25 basis points (in $ millions) Rate of Return on Plan Assets (in $ millions) 1 +25 basis points 4.26 percent (current assumption) — 5.47 percent (current assumption) -25 basis points (1) -25 basis points (3) — 3 Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets Goodwill represents the excess of the aggregate purchase price over the fair value of net assets acquired, including intangible assets. Goodwill is not amortized but is instead tested for impairment annually in the fourth quarter of each fiscal year, or when events and circumstances indicate an impairment may have occurred. Our reporting units each contain goodwill that is assessed for potential impairment. All goodwill is assigned to a reporting unit, which we have defined as an operating segment, based on the relative fair value of the reporting unit at the time of each acquisition. We have six reporting units, of which five are included in our Flexibles reportable segment. The other reporting unit, Rigid Packaging, is also a reportable segment. In our impairment analysis, we may elect to first assess qualitative factors to determine whether a quantitative test is necessary. If we determine that a quantitative test is necessary or elect to perform a quantitative test instead of the qualitative test, we derive an estimate of fair values for each of our reporting units using income approaches. The most significant assumptions used in the determination of the estimated fair value of the reporting units are revenue growth, projected operating income growth, market multiples, terminal values, and discount rates. When the carrying value of a reporting unit exceeds its fair value, we recognize an impairment loss equal to the difference between the carrying value and estimated fair value of the reporting unit, adjusted for any tax benefits, limited to the amount of the carrying value of goodwill. Our estimates associated with the goodwill impairment tests are considered critical due to the amount of goodwill recorded on our consolidated balance sheets and the judgment required in determining fair value amounts, including projected future cash flows. Judgment is also used in assessing whether goodwill should be tested more frequently for impairment than annually. Factors such as a significant decrease in expected net earnings, adverse equity market conditions, and other external events, such as significant inflation and rising interest rates, may result in the need for more frequent assessments. Intangible assets consist primarily of purchased customer relationships, technology, trademarks, and software and are amortized using the straight-line method over their estimated useful lives, ranging from one to twenty years. We review these intangible assets for impairment when changes in circumstances or the occurrence of events suggest that the remaining value is not recoverable. The impairment test requires us to make estimates about fair value, most of which are based on projected future cash flows and discount rates. These estimates and projections require judgments about future events, conditions, and amounts of future cash flows. Deferred Taxes and Uncertain Tax Positions Significant judgments and estimates are required in determining our deferred tax assets and liabilities and uncertain tax positions as tax laws are often complex and may be subject to differing interpretations by the taxpayer and the relevant taxing authorities. Determining uncertain tax positions involves evaluating whether the weight of available positive and negative evidence indicates that it is more likely than not that the position taken or expected to be taken in the tax return will be sustained upon tax audit, including resolution of related appeals or litigation processes, if any. The recognized tax benefits are measured as the largest benefit of having a more likely than not likelihood of being sustained upon settlement. Additionally, we are required to assess the likelihood of recovering deferred tax assets against future sources of taxable income which may result in the need for a valuation allowance on deferred tax assets, including operating loss, capital loss, and tax credit carryforwards if we do not reach the more likely than not threshold based on all available evidence. Examples of factors considered in determining deferred tax asset realizability include the expected future performance of operations and taxable earnings, the expected timing of the reversal of temporary differences, as well as the feasibility of tax planning strategies. If actual results differ from these estimates or if there are future changes in tax laws or statutory tax rates, we may need to adjust valuation allowances, or deferred tax liabilities, which could have a material impact on our consolidated financial position and results of operations. 43 44 Amcor Annual Report 2023 FINAL FINAL Form10-K 59 Valuation of Assets and Liabilities Held for Sale Disposal groups held for sale are assessed for impairment by comparing their fair values, less cost to sell, to their carrying values. The fair values of disposal groups held for sale are estimated using accepted valuation techniques, including earnings multiples, discounted cash flows, and indicative bids. Several significant estimates and assumptions are involved in the application of these techniques, including forecasting sales, expenses, and various other factors. We consider historical experience, guidance received from third parties, and all information available at the time the estimates are made to derive fair value. However, the fair value that is ultimately realized upon the divestiture of a business may significantly differ from the estimated fair value recognized in our consolidated financial statements, especially for disposal groups located in conflict regions. Refer to Note 5, "Acquisitions and Divestitures," and Note 6, "Held for Sale." New Accounting Pronouncements Refer to Note 3, "New Accounting Guidance," of the notes to consolidated financial statements for information about instruments for speculative purposes. In addition, we may enter into loan agreements in currencies other than the respective new accounting pronouncements. Item 7A. - Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk Overview Our activities expose us to a variety of market risks and financial risks. Our overall risk management program seeks to minimize potential adverse effects of these risks on Amcor's financial performance. From time to time, we enter into various derivative financial instruments, such as foreign exchange contracts, commodity fixed price swaps (on behalf of customers), and interest rate swaps to manage these risks. Our hedging activities are conducted on a centralized basis through standard operating procedures and delegated authorities, which provide guidelines for control, counterparty risk, and ongoing reporting. These derivative instruments are designed to reduce the economic risk associated with movements in foreign exchange rates, raw material prices, and to fixed and variable interest rates, but may not have been designated or qualify for hedge accounting under U.S. GAAP and hence may increase income statement volatility. However, we do not trade in derivative financial legal entity's functional currency to economically hedge foreign exchange risk in net investments in our non-U.S. subsidiaries, which do not qualify for hedge accounting under U.S. GAAP and hence may increase income statement volatility. There have been no material changes in the risks described below, other than increased volatility in connection with the Russia-Ukraine conflict and the COVID-19 pandemic, for fiscal years 2023 and 2022, related to interest rate risk, foreign exchange risk, raw material and commodity price risk, and credit risk. Interest Rate Risk Our policy is to manage exposure to interest rate risk by maintaining a mixture of fixed-rate and variable-rate debt, monitoring global interest rates and, where appropriate, hedging floating interest rate exposure or debt at fixed interest rates through the use of various interest rate derivative instruments including, but not limited to, interest rate swaps, cross-currency interest rate swaps, and interest rate locks. An increase of 1% in the floating rate on the relevant interest rate yield curve applicable to both derivative and non- derivative instruments denominated in U.S. dollars and Euros, the currencies with the largest interest rate sensitivity, outstanding as of June 30, 2023, would have resulted in an adverse impact on income before income taxes and equity in income of affiliated companies of $20 million expense for the fiscal year ended June 30, 2023. Foreign Exchange Risk exchange rates. We operate in over 40 countries across the world and, as a result, we are exposed to movements in foreign currency For the year ended June 30, 2023, a hypothetical but reasonably possible adverse change of 1% in the underlying average foreign currency exchange rate for the Euro would have resulted in an adverse impact on our net sales of $26 million. During fiscal years 2023 and 2022, 52% and 49% of our net sales, respectively, were effectively generated in U.S. dollar functional currency entities. During fiscal year 2023 and 2022, 18% and 17%, respectively, of net sales were generated in Euro functional currency entities with the remaining 30% and 34% of net sales, respectively, being generated in entities with functional currencies other than U.S. dollars and Euros. The impact of translating Euro and other non-U.S. dollar net sales and operating expenses into U.S. dollar for reporting purposes will vary depending on the movement of those currencies from period to period. Raw Material and Commodity Price Risk The primary raw materials for our products are resins, film, chemicals, and aluminum. We have market risk primarily in connection with the pricing of our products and are exposed to commodity price risk from a number of commodities and certain other raw materials and energy price risk. Changes in prices of our primary raw materials may result in a temporary or permanent reduction in income before income taxes and equity in income of affiliated companies depending on the level of recovery by material type. The level of recovery depends both on the type of material and the market in which we operate. Across our business, we have a number of contractual provisions that allow for passing on of raw material price fluctuations to customers within predefined periods. 45 46 Amcor Annual Report 2023 FINAL FINAL Valuation of Assets and Liabilities Held for Sale Disposal groups held for sale are assessed for impairment by comparing their fair values, less cost to sell, to their carrying values. The fair values of disposal groups held for sale are estimated using accepted valuation techniques, including Overview Item 7A. - Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk Form10-K 59 Form10-K 60 earnings multiples, discounted cash flows, and indicative bids. Several significant estimates and assumptions are involved in the application of these techniques, including forecasting sales, expenses, and various other factors. We consider historical experience, guidance received from third parties, and all information available at the time the estimates are made to derive fair value. However, the fair value that is ultimately realized upon the divestiture of a business may significantly differ from the estimated fair value recognized in our consolidated financial statements, especially for disposal groups located in conflict regions. Refer to Note 5, "Acquisitions and Divestitures," and Note 6, "Held for Sale." New Accounting Pronouncements new accounting pronouncements. Refer to Note 3, "New Accounting Guidance," of the notes to consolidated financial statements for information about Our activities expose us to a variety of market risks and financial risks. Our overall risk management program seeks to minimize potential adverse effects of these risks on Amcor's financial performance. From time to time, we enter into various derivative financial instruments, such as foreign exchange contracts, commodity fixed price swaps (on behalf of customers), and interest rate swaps to manage these risks. Our hedging activities are conducted on a centralized basis through standard operating procedures and delegated authorities, which provide guidelines for control, counterparty risk, and ongoing reporting. These derivative instruments are designed to reduce the economic risk associated with movements in foreign exchange rates, raw material prices, and to fixed and variable interest rates, but may not have been designated or qualify for hedge accounting under U.S. GAAP and hence may increase income statement volatility. However, we do not trade in derivative financial instruments for speculative purposes. In addition, we may enter into loan agreements in currencies other than the respective legal entity's functional currency to economically hedge foreign exchange risk in net investments in our non-U.S. subsidiaries, which do not qualify for hedge accounting under U.S. GAAP and hence may increase income statement volatility. There have been no material changes in the risks described below, other than increased volatility in connection with the Russia-Ukraine conflict and the COVID-19 pandemic, for fiscal years 2023 and 2022, related to interest rate risk, foreign exchange risk, raw material and commodity price risk, and credit risk. Interest Rate Risk Our policy is to manage exposure to interest rate risk by maintaining a mixture of fixed-rate and variable-rate debt, monitoring global interest rates and, where appropriate, hedging floating interest rate exposure or debt at fixed interest rates through the use of various interest rate derivative instruments including, but not limited to, interest rate swaps, cross-currency interest rate swaps, and interest rate locks. An increase of 1% in the floating rate on the relevant interest rate yield curve applicable to both derivative and non- derivative instruments denominated in U.S. dollars and Euros, the currencies with the largest interest rate sensitivity, outstanding as of June 30, 2023, would have resulted in an adverse impact on income before income taxes and equity in income of affiliated companies of $20 million expense for the fiscal year ended June 30, 2023. Foreign Exchange Risk We operate in over 40 countries across the world and, as a result, we are exposed to movements in foreign currency exchange rates. For the year ended June 30, 2023, a hypothetical but reasonably possible adverse change of 1% in the underlying average foreign currency exchange rate for the Euro would have resulted in an adverse impact on our net sales of $26 million. During fiscal years 2023 and 2022, 52% and 49% of our net sales, respectively, were effectively generated in U.S. dollar functional currency entities. During fiscal year 2023 and 2022, 18% and 17%, respectively, of net sales were generated in Euro functional currency entities with the remaining 30% and 34% of net sales, respectively, being generated in entities with functional currencies other than U.S. dollars and Euros. The impact of translating Euro and other non-U.S. dollar net sales and operating expenses into U.S. dollar for reporting purposes will vary depending on the movement of those currencies from period to period. Raw Material and Commodity Price Risk The primary raw materials for our products are resins, film, chemicals, and aluminum. We have market risk primarily in connection with the pricing of our products and are exposed to commodity price risk from a number of commodities and certain other raw materials and energy price risk. Changes in prices of our primary raw materials may result in a temporary or permanent reduction in income before income taxes and equity in income of affiliated companies depending on the level of recovery by material type. The level of recovery depends both on the type of material and the market in which we operate. Across our business, we have a number of contractual provisions that allow for passing on of raw material price fluctuations to customers within predefined periods. 45 46 Amcor Annual Report 2023 FINAL FINAL Form10-K 61 A 1% increase on average prices for resins, film, chemicals, and aluminum, not passed on to the customer by way of a Item 8. - Financial Statements and Supplementary Data price adjustment, would have resulted in an increase in cost of sales and hence an adverse impact on income before income taxes and equity in income of affiliated companies of $67 million for fiscal year 2023. Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm Credit Risk To the Board of Directors and Shareholders of Amcor plc Credit risk refers to the risk that a counterparty will default on its contractual obligations, resulting in financial loss. Opinions on the Financial Statements and Internal Control over Financial Reporting We are exposed to credit risk arising from financing activities including deposits with banks and financial institutions, foreign exchange transactions and other financial instruments, as well as from over-the-counter raw material and commodity related derivative instruments. We manage our credit risk from balances with financial institutions through our counterparty risk policy, which provides guidelines on setting limits to minimize the concentration of risks and therefore mitigating financial loss through potential counterparty failure and on dealing and settlement procedures. The investment of surplus funds is made only with approved counterparties and within credit limits assigned to each specific counterparty. Financial derivative instruments can only be entered into with high credit quality approved financial institutions. As of June 30, 2023, and 2022, we did not have a significant concentration of credit risk in relation to derivatives entered into in accordance with our hedging and risk management activities. We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Amcor plc and its subsidiaries (the “Company”) as of June 30, 2023 and 2022, and the related consolidated statements of income, comprehensive income, equity and cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended June 30, 2023, including the related notes and schedule of valuation and qualifying accounts and reserves for each of the three years in the period ended June 30, 2023 appearing under Item 15(a)(2) (collectively referred to as the “consolidated financial statements”). We also have audited the Company's internal control over financial reporting as of June 30, 2023, based on criteria established in Internal Control - Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO). In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of June 30, 2023 and 2022, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended June 30, 2023 in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. Also in our opinion, the Company maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of June 30, 2023, based on criteria established in Internal Control - Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the COSO. Basis for Opinions The Company's management is responsible for these consolidated financial statements, for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting, and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting, included in Management’s Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting appearing under Item 9A. Our responsibility is to express opinions on the Company’s consolidated financial statements and on the Company's internal control over financial reporting based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB) and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB. We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audits to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the consolidated financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud, and whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects. Our audits of the consolidated financial statements included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the consolidated financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the consolidated financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the consolidated financial statements. Our audit of internal control over financial reporting included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, and testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk. Our audits also included performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinions. Definition and Limitations of Internal Control over Financial Reporting A company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A company’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (i) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (ii) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (iii) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements. 47 48 Amcor Annual Report 2023 Credit Risk derivative instruments. We are exposed to credit risk arising from financing activities including deposits with banks and financial institutions, foreign exchange transactions and other financial instruments, as well as from over-the-counter raw material and commodity related We manage our credit risk from balances with financial institutions through our counterparty risk policy, which provides guidelines on setting limits to minimize the concentration of risks and therefore mitigating financial loss through potential counterparty failure and on dealing and settlement procedures. The investment of surplus funds is made only with approved counterparties and within credit limits assigned to each specific counterparty. Financial derivative instruments can only be entered into with high credit quality approved financial institutions. As of June 30, 2023, and 2022, we did not have a significant concentration of credit risk in relation to derivatives entered into in accordance with our hedging and risk management activities. FINAL FINAL Form10-K 61 Form10-K 62 A 1% increase on average prices for resins, film, chemicals, and aluminum, not passed on to the customer by way of a Item 8. - Financial Statements and Supplementary Data price adjustment, would have resulted in an increase in cost of sales and hence an adverse impact on income before income taxes and equity in income of affiliated companies of $67 million for fiscal year 2023. Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm Credit risk refers to the risk that a counterparty will default on its contractual obligations, resulting in financial loss. Opinions on the Financial Statements and Internal Control over Financial Reporting To the Board of Directors and Shareholders of Amcor plc We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Amcor plc and its subsidiaries (the “Company”) as of June 30, 2023 and 2022, and the related consolidated statements of income, comprehensive income, equity and cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended June 30, 2023, including the related notes and schedule of valuation and qualifying accounts and reserves for each of the three years in the period ended June 30, 2023 appearing under Item 15(a)(2) (collectively referred to as the “consolidated financial statements”). We also have audited the Company's internal control over financial reporting as of June 30, 2023, based on criteria established in Internal Control - Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO). In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of June 30, 2023 and 2022, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended June 30, 2023 in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. Also in our opinion, the Company maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of June 30, 2023, based on criteria established in Internal Control - Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the COSO. Basis for Opinions The Company's management is responsible for these consolidated financial statements, for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting, and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting, included in Management’s Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting appearing under Item 9A. Our responsibility is to express opinions on the Company’s consolidated financial statements and on the Company's internal control over financial reporting based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB) and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB. We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audits to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the consolidated financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud, and whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects. Our audits of the consolidated financial statements included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the consolidated financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the consolidated financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the consolidated financial statements. Our audit of internal control over financial reporting included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, and testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk. Our audits also included performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinions. Definition and Limitations of Internal Control over Financial Reporting A company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A company’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (i) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (ii) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (iii) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements. 47 48 Amcor Annual Report 2023 FINAL FINAL Form10-K 63 Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate. Amcor plc and Subsidiaries Consolidated Statements of Income ($ in millions, except per share data) Critical Audit Matters The critical audit matter communicated below is a matter arising from the current period audit of the consolidated financial statements that was communicated or required to be communicated to the audit committee and that (i) relates to accounts or disclosures that are material to the consolidated financial statements and (ii) involved our especially challenging, subjective, or complex judgments. The communication of critical audit matters does not alter in any way our opinion on the consolidated financial statements, taken as a whole, and we are not, by communicating the critical audit matter below, providing a separate opinion on the critical audit matter or on the accounts or disclosures to which it relates. Goodwill Impairment Assessment – Flexibles Latin America Reporting Unit within the Flexibles Segment As described in Notes 2 and 10 to the consolidated financial statements, the Company’s consolidated goodwill balance was $5,366 million as of June 30, 2023, and the goodwill associated with the Flexibles Segment was $4,391 million, which includes goodwill associated with the Flexibles Latin America reporting unit. Management conducts an impairment analysis in the fourth quarter of each year, or whenever events and circumstances indicate an impairment may have occurred during the year. Management’s quantitative assessment utilizes discounted cash flow models to determine the fair value of the reporting unit. As disclosed by management, if the carrying value of a reporting unit exceeds its fair value, management would recognize an impairment loss equal to the difference between the carrying value and estimated fair value of the reporting unit, adjusted for any tax benefits, limited to the amount of the carrying value of goodwill. Management’s projected future cash flows for the Flexibles Latin America reporting unit included key assumptions relating to revenue growth, projected operating income growth, market multiples, terminal values, and the discount rate. The principal considerations for our determination that performing procedures relating to the goodwill impairment assessment of the Flexibles Latin America reporting unit within the Flexibles Segment is a critical audit matter are (i) the significant judgment by management when developing the fair value of the reporting unit; (ii) a high degree of auditor judgment, subjectivity, and effort in performing procedures and evaluating management’s significant assumptions related to revenue growth, projected operating income growth, terminal values and the discount rate; and (iii) the audit effort involved the use of professionals with specialized skill and knowledge. Addressing the matter involved performing procedures and evaluating audit evidence in connection with forming our overall opinion on the consolidated financial statements. These procedures included testing the effectiveness of controls relating to management’s goodwill impairment assessment, including controls over the valuation of the Flexibles Latin America reporting unit. These procedures also included, among others, (i) testing management’s process for developing the fair value estimate of the reporting unit; (ii) evaluating the appropriateness of the discounted cash flow models; (iii) testing the completeness and accuracy of underlying data used in the models; and (iv) evaluating the reasonableness of the significant assumptions used by management related to revenue growth, projected operating income growth, terminal values and the discount rate. Evaluating management’s assumptions related to revenue growth, projected operating income growth, terminal values and the discount rate involved evaluating whether the assumptions used by management were reasonable considering (i) the current and past performance of the reporting unit; (ii) the consistency with external market and industry data; and (iii) whether these assumptions were consistent with evidence obtained in other areas of the audit. Professionals with specialized skill and knowledge were used to assist in the evaluation of the Company’s discounted cash flow models, terminal values, and the discount rate. /s/ PricewaterhouseCoopers AG Zurich, Switzerland August 17, 2023 We have served as the Company's auditor since 2019. Selling, general, and administrative expenses Research and development expenses Restructuring, impairment, and other related activities, net For the years ended June 30, Net sales Cost of sales Gross profit Other income, net Operating income Interest income Interest expense Other non-operating income, net Income tax expense Equity in income of affiliated companies, net of tax 2023 2022 2021 $ 14,694 $ 14,544 $ (11,969) (11,724) 12,861 (10,129) 2,725 2,820 2,732 (1,246) (101) 104 26 (1,284) (96) (234) 33 (1,292) (100) (94) 75 1,508 1,239 1,321 31 (290) 2 (193) — 24 (159) 11 (300) — 14 (153) 11 (261) 19 Income before income taxes and equity in income of affiliated companies 1,251 1,115 1,193 Net income $ 1,058 $ 815 $ 951 Net income attributable to non-controlling interests (10) (10) (12) Net income attributable to Amcor plc 1,048 $ 805 $ 939 Basic earnings per share: Basic earnings per share Diluted earnings per share See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements. $ $ $ 0.709 $ 0.705 $ 0.532 $ 0.529 $ 0.604 0.602 49 50 Amcor Annual Report 2023 FINAL FINAL Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate. Amcor plc and Subsidiaries Consolidated Statements of Income ($ in millions, except per share data) Form10-K 63 Form10-K 64 Critical Audit Matters The critical audit matter communicated below is a matter arising from the current period audit of the consolidated financial statements that was communicated or required to be communicated to the audit committee and that (i) relates to accounts or disclosures that are material to the consolidated financial statements and (ii) involved our especially challenging, subjective, or complex judgments. The communication of critical audit matters does not alter in any way our opinion on the consolidated financial statements, taken as a whole, and we are not, by communicating the critical audit matter below, providing a separate opinion on the critical audit matter or on the accounts or disclosures to which it relates. Goodwill Impairment Assessment – Flexibles Latin America Reporting Unit within the Flexibles Segment As described in Notes 2 and 10 to the consolidated financial statements, the Company’s consolidated goodwill balance was $5,366 million as of June 30, 2023, and the goodwill associated with the Flexibles Segment was $4,391 million, which includes goodwill associated with the Flexibles Latin America reporting unit. Management conducts an impairment analysis in the fourth quarter of each year, or whenever events and circumstances indicate an impairment may have occurred during the year. Management’s quantitative assessment utilizes discounted cash flow models to determine the fair value of the reporting unit. As disclosed by management, if the carrying value of a reporting unit exceeds its fair value, management would recognize an impairment loss equal to the difference between the carrying value and estimated fair value of the reporting unit, adjusted for any tax benefits, limited to the amount of the carrying value of goodwill. Management’s projected future cash flows for the Flexibles Latin America reporting unit included key assumptions relating to revenue growth, projected operating income growth, market multiples, terminal values, and the discount rate. The principal considerations for our determination that performing procedures relating to the goodwill impairment assessment of the Flexibles Latin America reporting unit within the Flexibles Segment is a critical audit matter are (i) the significant judgment by management when developing the fair value of the reporting unit; (ii) a high degree of auditor judgment, subjectivity, and effort in performing procedures and evaluating management’s significant assumptions related to revenue growth, projected operating income growth, terminal values and the discount rate; and (iii) the audit effort involved the use of professionals with specialized skill and knowledge. Addressing the matter involved performing procedures and evaluating audit evidence in connection with forming our overall opinion on the consolidated financial statements. These procedures included testing the effectiveness of controls relating to management’s goodwill impairment assessment, including controls over the valuation of the Flexibles Latin America reporting unit. These procedures also included, among others, (i) testing management’s process for developing the fair value estimate of the reporting unit; (ii) evaluating the appropriateness of the discounted cash flow models; (iii) testing the completeness and accuracy of underlying data used in the models; and (iv) evaluating the reasonableness of the significant assumptions used by management related to revenue growth, projected operating income growth, terminal values and the discount rate. Evaluating management’s assumptions related to revenue growth, projected operating income growth, terminal values and the discount rate involved evaluating whether the assumptions used by management were reasonable considering (i) the current and past performance of the reporting unit; (ii) the consistency with external market and industry data; and (iii) whether these assumptions were consistent with evidence obtained in other areas of the audit. Professionals with specialized skill and knowledge were used to assist in the evaluation of the Company’s discounted cash flow models, terminal values, and the discount rate. /s/ PricewaterhouseCoopers AG Zurich, Switzerland August 17, 2023 We have served as the Company's auditor since 2019. For the years ended June 30, Net sales Cost of sales Gross profit Selling, general, and administrative expenses Research and development expenses Restructuring, impairment, and other related activities, net Other income, net Operating income Interest income Interest expense Other non-operating income, net 2023 2022 2021 $ 14,694 $ 14,544 $ (11,969) (11,724) 12,861 (10,129) 2,725 2,820 2,732 (1,246) (101) 104 26 (1,284) (96) (234) 33 (1,292) (100) (94) 75 1,508 1,239 1,321 31 (290) 2 24 (159) 11 14 (153) 11 Income before income taxes and equity in income of affiliated companies 1,251 1,115 1,193 Income tax expense Equity in income of affiliated companies, net of tax (193) — (300) — (261) 19 Net income $ 1,058 $ 815 $ 951 Net income attributable to non-controlling interests (10) (10) (12) Net income attributable to Amcor plc Basic earnings per share: Basic earnings per share Diluted earnings per share See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements. $ $ $ 1,048 $ 805 $ 939 0.709 $ 0.705 $ 0.532 $ 0.529 $ 0.604 0.602 49 50 Amcor Annual Report 2023 FINAL FINAL Form10-K 65 Amcor plc and Subsidiaries Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income ($ in millions) For the years ended June 30, Net income Other comprehensive income/(loss): Net gains/(losses) on cash flow hedges, net of tax (a) Foreign currency translation adjustments, net of tax (b) Pension, net of tax (c) Other comprehensive income/(loss) Total comprehensive income Comprehensive income attributable to non-controlling interests Comprehensive income attributable to Amcor plc (a) Tax benefit related to cash flow hedges (b) Tax benefit/(expense) related to foreign currency translation adjustments (c) Tax benefit/(expense) related to pension adjustments See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements. 2023 2022 2021 As of June 30, $ 1,058 $ 815 $ (1) 69 (50) 18 1,076 (10) (7) (201) 94 (114) 701 (10) $ $ $ $ 1,066 $ 691 $ 1 $ (1) $ 11 $ 2 $ (5) $ (21) $ 951 26 205 52 283 1,234 (12) 1,222 — 7 (14) Amcor plc and Subsidiaries Consolidated Balance Sheets ($ in millions, except share and per share data) Assets 2023 2022 $ 689 $ 1,875 Trade receivables, net of allowance for credit losses of $21 and $25, respectively Liabilities 11,695 17,003 $ 11,573 17,426 $ $ 13 $ Current assets: Cash and cash equivalents Inventories, net Raw materials and supplies Work in process and finished goods Prepaid expenses and other current assets Assets held for sale, net Total current assets Non-current assets: Property, plant, and equipment, net Operating lease assets Deferred tax assets Other intangible assets, net Goodwill Employee benefit assets Other non-current assets Total non-current assets Total assets Current liabilities: Current portion of long-term debt Short-term debt Trade payables Accrued employee costs Other current liabilities Liabilities held for sale Total current liabilities Non-current liabilities: Long-term debt, less current portion Operating lease liabilities Deferred tax liabilities Employee benefit obligations Other non-current liabilities Total non-current liabilities Total liabilities Issued (1,448 and 1,489 million shares, respectively) $ 14 $ Commitments and contingencies (See Note 20) Shareholders' Equity Amcor plc shareholders’ equity: Ordinary shares ($0.01 par value): Authorized (9,000 million shares) Additional paid-in capital Retained earnings Accumulated other comprehensive loss Treasury shares (1 and 2 million shares, respectively) Total Amcor plc shareholders' equity Non-controlling interests Total shareholders' equity Total liabilities and shareholders' equity See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements. 51 52 775 1,935 1,114 1,325 512 192 5,853 3,646 560 130 1,657 5,285 89 206 14 136 3,073 471 1,344 65 5,103 6,340 493 677 201 471 8,182 13,285 15 4,431 534 (880) (18) 4,082 59 4,141 17,426 992 1,221 531 — 5,308 3,762 533 134 1,524 5,366 67 309 80 2,690 396 1,297 — 4,476 6,653 463 616 224 481 8,437 4,021 865 (862) (12) 4,026 64 4,090 $ 12,913 $ $ 17,003 $ Amcor Annual Report 2023 For the years ended June 30, Net income Other comprehensive income/(loss): Net gains/(losses) on cash flow hedges, net of tax (a) Foreign currency translation adjustments, net of tax (b) Pension, net of tax (c) Other comprehensive income/(loss) Total comprehensive income Comprehensive income attributable to non-controlling interests (a) Tax benefit related to cash flow hedges (b) Tax benefit/(expense) related to foreign currency translation adjustments (c) Tax benefit/(expense) related to pension adjustments See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements. 2023 2022 2021 $ 1,058 $ 815 $ (1) 69 (50) 18 1,076 (10) (7) (201) 94 (114) 701 (10) 1 $ (1) $ 11 $ 2 $ (5) $ (21) $ $ $ $ $ 951 26 205 52 283 1,234 (12) 1,222 — 7 (14) Comprehensive income attributable to Amcor plc 1,066 $ 691 $ Form10-K 65 Form10-K 66 FINAL FINAL Amcor plc and Subsidiaries Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income ($ in millions) Amcor plc and Subsidiaries Consolidated Balance Sheets ($ in millions, except share and per share data) As of June 30, 2023 2022 Assets Current assets: Cash and cash equivalents Trade receivables, net of allowance for credit losses of $21 and $25, respectively Inventories, net $ 689 $ 1,875 Raw materials and supplies Work in process and finished goods Prepaid expenses and other current assets Assets held for sale, net Total current assets Non-current assets: Property, plant, and equipment, net Operating lease assets Deferred tax assets Other intangible assets, net Goodwill Employee benefit assets Other non-current assets Total non-current assets Total assets Current liabilities: Current portion of long-term debt Short-term debt Trade payables Accrued employee costs Other current liabilities Liabilities held for sale Total current liabilities Non-current liabilities: Long-term debt, less current portion Operating lease liabilities Deferred tax liabilities Employee benefit obligations Other non-current liabilities Total non-current liabilities Total liabilities Liabilities $ $ 992 1,221 531 — 5,308 3,762 533 134 1,524 5,366 67 309 11,695 17,003 $ 13 $ 80 2,690 396 1,297 — 4,476 6,653 463 616 224 481 8,437 775 1,935 1,114 1,325 512 192 5,853 3,646 560 130 1,657 5,285 89 206 11,573 17,426 14 136 3,073 471 1,344 65 5,103 6,340 493 677 201 471 8,182 13,285 15 4,431 534 (880) (18) 4,082 59 4,141 17,426 $ 12,913 $ $ 14 $ 4,021 865 (862) (12) 4,026 64 4,090 $ 17,003 $ Commitments and contingencies (See Note 20) Shareholders' Equity Amcor plc shareholders’ equity: Ordinary shares ($0.01 par value): Authorized (9,000 million shares) Issued (1,448 and 1,489 million shares, respectively) Additional paid-in capital Retained earnings Accumulated other comprehensive loss Treasury shares (1 and 2 million shares, respectively) Total Amcor plc shareholders' equity Non-controlling interests Total shareholders' equity Total liabilities and shareholders' equity See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements. 51 52 Amcor Annual Report 2023 Form10-K 67 FINAL FINAL Amcor plc and Subsidiaries Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows ($ in millions) Amcor plc and Subsidiaries Consolidated Statements of Equity ($ in millions, except per share data) 2023 2022 2021 For the years ended June 30, Cash flows from operating activities: Net income Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities: Depreciation, amortization, and impairment Russia and Ukraine impairment Net periodic benefit cost Amortization of debt discount and deferred financing costs Net gain on disposal of property, plant, and equipment Net gain on disposal of businesses Equity in income of affiliated companies Net foreign exchange (gain)/loss Share-based compensation Other, net Loss from hyperinflationary accounting for Argentine subsidiaries Deferred income taxes, net Dividends received from affiliated companies Changes in operating assets and liabilities, excluding effect of acquisitions, divestitures, and currency: Trade receivables Inventories Prepaid expenses and other current assets Trade payables Other current liabilities Accrued employee costs Employee benefit obligations Other, net Net cash provided by operating activities Cash flows from investing activities: Issuance of loans to affiliated companies Investments in affiliated companies and other Business acquisitions Purchase of property, plant, and equipment, and other intangible assets (Payments)/proceeds from divestitures Proceeds from sales of property, plant, and equipment, and other intangible assets Net cash used in investing activities Cash flows from financing activities: Proceeds from issuance of shares Purchase of treasury shares Purchase of non-controlling interest Proceeds from issuance of long-term debt Repayment of long-term debt Net borrowing/(repayment) of commercial paper Net borrowing/(repayment) of short-term debt Repayment of lease liabilities Share buyback/cancellations Dividends paid Net cash used in financing activities Effect of exchange rates on cash and cash equivalents Cash and cash equivalents classified as held for sale Net increase/(decrease) in cash and cash equivalents Cash and cash equivalents balance at beginning of the fiscal year $ 1,058 $ 815 $ 586 — 11 4 (5) (220) — 28 54 5 62 (57) — 93 248 (54) (429) 21 (84) (25) (35) 1,261 (1) (56) (121) (526) 365 30 (309) 134 (221) — 522 (330) 94 (58) (11) (432) (723) (1,025) (88) — (161) 850 625 138 12 2 (3) — — (14) 63 106 22 (33) — (272) (626) (67) 711 123 (20) (35) (21) 1,526 (5) (12) — (527) (1) 18 (527) 114 (143) — 1,066 (1,243) 638 15 (5) (601) (732) (891) (108) (75) (75) 850 951 574 — 15 10 (10) (44) (19) 21 58 (83) 27 4 4 (189) (112) (90) 342 11 29 (40) 2 1,461 — (5) — (468) 214 26 (233) 30 (8) (8) 790 (530) (235) (123) (2) (351) (742) (1,179) 58 — 107 743 850 Cash and cash equivalents balance at end of the fiscal year $ 689 $ 775 $ See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements, including Note 23, "Supplemental Cash Flow Information." Cash and cash equivalents at the beginning of the year include cash and cash equivalents classified as held for sale. 53 Balance as of June 30, 2020 $ 16 $ 5,480 $ 246 $ (1,049) $ (67) $ 61 $ 4,687 Additional Accumulated Other Non- Ordinary Shares Paid-In Capital Retained Earnings Comprehensive Treasury controlling Loss Shares Interest Total (1) (350) 283 Net income Other comprehensive income Share buyback/cancellations Dividends declared ($0.4675 per share) Options exercised and shares vested Net settlement of forward contracts to purchase own equity for share-based incentive plans, net of tax Purchase of treasury shares Share-based compensation expense Change in non-controlling interest Cumulative adjustment related to the adoption of ASC 326 Net income Other comprehensive loss Share buyback/cancellations Dividends declared ($0.4775 per share) Options exercised and shares vested Net settlement of forward contracts to purchase own equity for share-based incentive plans, net of tax Purchase of treasury shares Share-based compensation expense Change in non-controlling interest Net income Other comprehensive income Share buyback/cancellations Dividends declared ($0.4875 per share) Options exercised and shares vested Net settlement of forward contracts to purchase own equity for share-based incentive plans, net of tax Purchase of treasury shares Share-based compensation expense Change in non-controlling interest Balance as of June 30, 2021 15 5,092 (766) (29) — (601) (114) Balance as of June 30, 2022 15 4,431 (880) (18) (1) (431) 18 12 — (14) (2) 57 10 — (9) 1 59 10 — (6) 1 951 283 (351) (742) 30 (72) (8) 58 (10) (5) 4,821 815 (114) (601) (732) 114 (83) (143) 63 1 4,141 1,058 18 (432) (723) 134 60 (221) 54 1 46 (8) 154 (143) 227 (221) Balance as of June 30, 2023 $ 14 $ 4,021 $ 865 $ (862) $ (12) $ 64 $ 4,090 See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements. 939 (728) — (5) 452 805 (723) — 534 1,048 (717) (16) (72) 58 (8) (40) (83) 63 (93) 60 54 54 Amcor Annual Report 2023 Form10-K 67 Form10-K 68 FINAL FINAL Amcor plc and Subsidiaries Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows ($ in millions) Amcor plc and Subsidiaries Consolidated Statements of Equity ($ in millions, except per share data) For the years ended June 30, Cash flows from operating activities: Net income Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities: 2023 2022 2021 $ 1,058 $ 815 $ Balance as of June 30, 2020 $ 16 $ 5,480 $ 246 $ (1,049) $ (67) $ 61 $ 4,687 Ordinary Shares Additional Paid-In Capital Retained Earnings Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss Treasury Shares Non- controlling Interest Total Net income Other comprehensive income Share buyback/cancellations Dividends declared ($0.4675 per share) Options exercised and shares vested Net settlement of forward contracts to purchase own equity for share-based incentive plans, net of tax Purchase of treasury shares Share-based compensation expense Change in non-controlling interest Cumulative adjustment related to the adoption of ASC 326 (1) (350) (16) (72) 58 (8) Balance as of June 30, 2021 15 5,092 Net income Other comprehensive loss Share buyback/cancellations Dividends declared ($0.4775 per share) Options exercised and shares vested Net settlement of forward contracts to purchase own equity for share-based incentive plans, net of tax Purchase of treasury shares Share-based compensation expense Change in non-controlling interest — (601) (40) (83) 63 Balance as of June 30, 2022 15 4,431 Net income Other comprehensive income Share buyback/cancellations Dividends declared ($0.4875 per share) Options exercised and shares vested Net settlement of forward contracts to purchase own equity for share-based incentive plans, net of tax Purchase of treasury shares Share-based compensation expense Change in non-controlling interest (1) (431) (93) 60 54 939 (728) — (5) 452 805 (723) — 534 1,048 (717) 283 46 (8) (766) (29) (114) 154 (143) (880) (18) 18 227 (221) 12 — (14) (2) 57 10 — (9) 1 59 10 — (6) 1 951 283 (351) (742) 30 (72) (8) 58 (10) (5) 4,821 815 (114) (601) (732) 114 (83) (143) 63 1 4,141 1,058 18 (432) (723) 134 60 (221) 54 1 Balance as of June 30, 2023 $ 14 $ 4,021 $ 865 $ (862) $ (12) $ 64 $ 4,090 See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements. 53 54 Depreciation, amortization, and impairment Russia and Ukraine impairment Net periodic benefit cost Amortization of debt discount and deferred financing costs Net gain on disposal of property, plant, and equipment Net gain on disposal of businesses Equity in income of affiliated companies Net foreign exchange (gain)/loss Share-based compensation Other, net Loss from hyperinflationary accounting for Argentine subsidiaries Deferred income taxes, net Dividends received from affiliated companies Changes in operating assets and liabilities, excluding effect of acquisitions, divestitures, and currency: Trade receivables Inventories Prepaid expenses and other current assets Trade payables Other current liabilities Accrued employee costs Employee benefit obligations Other, net Net cash provided by operating activities Cash flows from investing activities: Issuance of loans to affiliated companies Investments in affiliated companies and other Business acquisitions Net cash used in investing activities Cash flows from financing activities: Proceeds from issuance of shares Purchase of treasury shares Purchase of non-controlling interest Proceeds from issuance of long-term debt Repayment of long-term debt Net borrowing/(repayment) of commercial paper Net borrowing/(repayment) of short-term debt Repayment of lease liabilities Share buyback/cancellations Dividends paid Net cash used in financing activities Purchase of property, plant, and equipment, and other intangible assets (Payments)/proceeds from divestitures Proceeds from sales of property, plant, and equipment, and other intangible assets 1,261 1,526 1,461 586 — 11 4 (5) (220) — 28 54 5 62 (57) — 93 248 (54) (429) 21 (84) (25) (35) (1) (56) (121) (526) 365 30 (309) 134 (221) — 522 (330) 94 (58) (11) (432) (723) (88) — (161) 850 625 138 12 2 (3) — — (14) 63 106 22 (33) — (272) (626) (67) 711 123 (20) (35) (21) (5) (12) — (527) (1) 18 (527) 114 (143) — 1,066 (1,243) 638 15 (5) (601) (732) (891) (108) (75) (75) 850 951 574 — 15 10 (10) (44) (19) 21 58 (83) 27 4 4 (189) (112) (90) 342 11 29 (40) 2 — (5) — (468) 214 26 (233) 30 (8) (8) 790 (530) (235) (123) (2) (351) (742) 58 — 107 743 850 (1,025) (1,179) Effect of exchange rates on cash and cash equivalents Cash and cash equivalents classified as held for sale Net increase/(decrease) in cash and cash equivalents Cash and cash equivalents balance at beginning of the fiscal year Cash and cash equivalents balance at end of the fiscal year $ 689 $ 775 $ See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements, including Note 23, "Supplemental Cash Flow Information." Cash and cash equivalents at the beginning of the year include cash and cash equivalents classified as held for sale. Amcor Annual Report 2023 Form10-K 69 FINAL FINAL Amcor plc and Subsidiaries Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements Note 2 - Significant Accounting Policies Note 1 - Business Description Amcor plc ("Amcor" or the "Company") is a public limited company incorporated under the Laws of the Bailiwick of Jersey. The Company's history dates back more than 150 years, with origins in both Australia and the United States of America. Today, Amcor is a global leader in developing and producing responsible packaging for food, beverage, pharmaceutical, medical, home and personal-care, and other consumer goods end markets. The Company's innovation excellence and global packaging expertise enables the Company to solve packaging challenges around the world every day, producing packaging that is more functional, appealing, and cost effective for its customers and their consumers and importantly, more sustainable for the environment. Basis of Presentation and Principles of Consolidation: The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its subsidiaries, for which the Company has a controlling financial interest. All significant intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated. The consolidated financial statements are prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America ("U.S. GAAP"). The Company reclassified prior year inventory comparatives in the condensed consolidated balance sheets to conform to the current year's presentation which provides the breakdown of inventory. This change in presentation did not have an impact on the Company’s financial condition or operating results. Certain amounts in the Company's notes to consolidated financial statements may not add up or recalculate due to rounding. Business Combinations: The Company uses the acquisition method of accounting, which requires separate recognition of The Company's business activities are organized around two reportable segments, Flexibles and Rigid Packaging. The assets acquired and liabilities assumed from goodwill, at the acquisition date fair values. Goodwill as of the acquisition date is Company has a globally diverse operating footprint, selling to customers in Europe, North America, Latin America, and the Asia Pacific regions. The Company develops and produces a broad range of packaging products including flexible packaging, rigid packaging containers, specialty cartons, and closures. The Company's sales are widely diversified, with the majority of sales made to the food, beverage, pharmaceutical, medical device, home and personal care, and other consumer goods end markets. All markets are considered to be highly competitive as to price, innovation, quality, and service. measured as the excess of consideration transferred and the fair value of any non-controlling interests in the acquiree over the net of the acquisition date fair values of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed. During the measurement period, which may be up to one year from the acquisition date, the Company has the ability to record adjustments to the assets acquired and liabilities assumed with the corresponding offset to goodwill. After the measurement period or final determination of the values of assets acquired or liabilities assumed, whichever comes first, any subsequent adjustments are recorded in the consolidated statements of income. Held for Sale and Discontinued Operations: The Company classifies assets and liabilities (the "disposal group") as held for sale in the period when all of the relevant criteria to be classified as held for sale are met. These criteria include management's commitment to sell the disposal group in its present condition and the sale being deemed probable of being completed within one year. Assets held for sale are reported at the lower of their carrying value or fair value less cost to sell. Fair value is determined based on management’s assessment of indicative bids, a market multiples model in which a market multiple is applied to forecasted earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation, and amortization (“EBITDA”), discounted cash flows, appraised values, or management's estimates, depending on the specific situation. Any loss resulting from the measurement is recognized in the period when the held for sale criteria are met. If the disposal group meets the definition of a business, the goodwill within the reporting unit is allocated to the disposal group based on its relative fair value. The Company assesses the fair value of a disposal group, less any costs to sell, each reporting period it remains classified as held for sale and reports any subsequent changes as an adjustment to the carrying value of the disposal group, as long as the new carrying value does not exceed the initial carrying value of the disposal group. Assets held for sale are not amortized or depreciated. The Company recorded an impairment charge on assets held for sale of $90 million for the fiscal year ended June 30, 2022. See Note 6, "Held for Sale," for more information on assets held for sale. A disposal group that represents a strategic shift to the Company or is acquired with the intention to sell is reflected as a discontinued operation on the consolidated statements of income and prior periods are recast to reflect the earnings or losses as income from discontinued operations. Estimates and Assumptions Required: The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities at the date of the consolidated financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting periods. These estimates are based on historical experience and various assumptions believed to be reasonable under the circumstances. Management evaluates these estimates on an ongoing basis and adjusts or revises them as circumstances change. As future events and their impacts cannot be determined with precision, actual results may differ from these estimates. In the opinion of management, the consolidated financial statements reflect all adjustments necessary to fairly present the results of the periods presented. Translation of Foreign Currencies: The reporting currency of the Company is the U.S. dollar. The functional currency of the Company’s subsidiaries is generally the local currency of each entity. Transactions in currencies other than the functional currency of the entity are recorded at the exchange rates prevailing at the transaction date. Monetary assets and liabilities in currencies other than the entity’s functional currency are remeasured at the exchange rates as of the balance sheet date to the entity’s functional currency. Foreign currency transaction gains and losses related to short-term and long-term debt are recorded in other non-operating income, net, in the consolidated statements of income and the net gains or net losses are not material in any of the periods presented. All other foreign currency transaction gains and losses are recorded in other income, net in the consolidated statements of income. These foreign currency transaction net gains or net losses amounted to a net loss of 55 56 Amcor Annual Report 2023 Note 1 - Business Description Amcor plc ("Amcor" or the "Company") is a public limited company incorporated under the Laws of the Bailiwick of Jersey. The Company's history dates back more than 150 years, with origins in both Australia and the United States of America. Today, Amcor is a global leader in developing and producing responsible packaging for food, beverage, pharmaceutical, medical, home and personal-care, and other consumer goods end markets. The Company's innovation excellence and global packaging expertise enables the Company to solve packaging challenges around the world every day, producing packaging that is more functional, appealing, and cost effective for its customers and their consumers and importantly, more sustainable for the environment. The Company's business activities are organized around two reportable segments, Flexibles and Rigid Packaging. The Company has a globally diverse operating footprint, selling to customers in Europe, North America, Latin America, and the Asia Pacific regions. The Company develops and produces a broad range of packaging products including flexible packaging, rigid packaging containers, specialty cartons, and closures. The Company's sales are widely diversified, with the majority of sales made to the food, beverage, pharmaceutical, medical device, home and personal care, and other consumer goods end markets. All markets are considered to be highly competitive as to price, innovation, quality, and service. Form10-K 69 Form10-K 70 FINAL FINAL Amcor plc and Subsidiaries Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements Note 2 - Significant Accounting Policies Basis of Presentation and Principles of Consolidation: The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its subsidiaries, for which the Company has a controlling financial interest. All significant intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated. The consolidated financial statements are prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America ("U.S. GAAP"). The Company reclassified prior year inventory comparatives in the condensed consolidated balance sheets to conform to the current year's presentation which provides the breakdown of inventory. This change in presentation did not have an impact on the Company’s financial condition or operating results. Certain amounts in the Company's notes to consolidated financial statements may not add up or recalculate due to rounding. Business Combinations: The Company uses the acquisition method of accounting, which requires separate recognition of assets acquired and liabilities assumed from goodwill, at the acquisition date fair values. Goodwill as of the acquisition date is measured as the excess of consideration transferred and the fair value of any non-controlling interests in the acquiree over the net of the acquisition date fair values of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed. During the measurement period, which may be up to one year from the acquisition date, the Company has the ability to record adjustments to the assets acquired and liabilities assumed with the corresponding offset to goodwill. After the measurement period or final determination of the values of assets acquired or liabilities assumed, whichever comes first, any subsequent adjustments are recorded in the consolidated statements of income. Held for Sale and Discontinued Operations: The Company classifies assets and liabilities (the "disposal group") as held for sale in the period when all of the relevant criteria to be classified as held for sale are met. These criteria include management's commitment to sell the disposal group in its present condition and the sale being deemed probable of being completed within one year. Assets held for sale are reported at the lower of their carrying value or fair value less cost to sell. Fair value is determined based on management’s assessment of indicative bids, a market multiples model in which a market multiple is applied to forecasted earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation, and amortization (“EBITDA”), discounted cash flows, appraised values, or management's estimates, depending on the specific situation. Any loss resulting from the measurement is recognized in the period when the held for sale criteria are met. If the disposal group meets the definition of a business, the goodwill within the reporting unit is allocated to the disposal group based on its relative fair value. The Company assesses the fair value of a disposal group, less any costs to sell, each reporting period it remains classified as held for sale and reports any subsequent changes as an adjustment to the carrying value of the disposal group, as long as the new carrying value does not exceed the initial carrying value of the disposal group. Assets held for sale are not amortized or depreciated. The Company recorded an impairment charge on assets held for sale of $90 million for the fiscal year ended June 30, 2022. See Note 6, "Held for Sale," for more information on assets held for sale. A disposal group that represents a strategic shift to the Company or is acquired with the intention to sell is reflected as a discontinued operation on the consolidated statements of income and prior periods are recast to reflect the earnings or losses as income from discontinued operations. Estimates and Assumptions Required: The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities at the date of the consolidated financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting periods. These estimates are based on historical experience and various assumptions believed to be reasonable under the circumstances. Management evaluates these estimates on an ongoing basis and adjusts or revises them as circumstances change. As future events and their impacts cannot be determined with precision, actual results may differ from these estimates. In the opinion of management, the consolidated financial statements reflect all adjustments necessary to fairly present the results of the periods presented. Translation of Foreign Currencies: The reporting currency of the Company is the U.S. dollar. The functional currency of the Company’s subsidiaries is generally the local currency of each entity. Transactions in currencies other than the functional currency of the entity are recorded at the exchange rates prevailing at the transaction date. Monetary assets and liabilities in currencies other than the entity’s functional currency are remeasured at the exchange rates as of the balance sheet date to the entity’s functional currency. Foreign currency transaction gains and losses related to short-term and long-term debt are recorded in other non-operating income, net, in the consolidated statements of income and the net gains or net losses are not material in any of the periods presented. All other foreign currency transaction gains and losses are recorded in other income, net in the consolidated statements of income. These foreign currency transaction net gains or net losses amounted to a net loss of 55 56 Amcor Annual Report 2023 FINAL FINAL Form10-K 71 $17 million, a net gain of $19 million, and a net loss of $4 million during the fiscal years ended June 30, 2023, 2022, and 2021, respectively. Upon consolidation, the results of operations of subsidiaries with functional currencies other than the reporting currency of the Company are translated using average exchange rates during each year. Assets and liabilities of operations with a functional currency other than the U.S. dollar are translated at the exchange rates as of the balance sheet date, while equity balances are translated at historical rates. Translation gains and losses are reported in accumulated other comprehensive loss as a component of shareholders’ equity. Highly Inflationary Accounting: A highly inflationary economy is defined as an economy with a cumulative inflation rate of approximately 100 percent or more over a three-year period. As of July 1, 2018, the Argentine economy was designated as highly inflationary for accounting purposes. Accordingly, the U.S. dollar replaced the Argentine peso as the functional currency for the Company's subsidiaries in Argentina. The impact of highly inflationary accounting on monetary balances was a loss of $24 million, $16 million, and $19 million for the fiscal years ended June 30, 2023, 2022, and 2021, respectively, in the consolidated statements of income. Revenue Recognition: The Company generates revenue by providing its customers with flexible and rigid packaging, serving a variety of markets including food, consumer products, and healthcare end markets. The Company enters into a variety of agreements with customers, including quality agreements, pricing agreements, and master supply agreements, which outline the terms under which the Company does business with a specific customer. The Company also sells to some customers solely based on purchase orders. The Company has concluded for the vast majority of its revenues, that its contracts with customers are either a purchase order or the combination of a purchase order with a master supply agreement. All revenue recognized in the consolidated statements of income is considered to be revenue from contracts with customers. The Company typically satisfies the obligation to provide packaging to customers at a point in time upon shipment when control is transferred to customers. Revenue is recognized net of allowances for returns and customer claims and any taxes collected from customers, which are subsequently remitted to governmental authorities. The Company does not have any material contract assets or contract liabilities. The Company disaggregates revenue based on geography. Disaggregation of revenue is presented in Note 21, "Segments." Significant Judgments Determining whether products and services should be accounted for as distinct performance obligations or as combined performance obligations may require significant judgment. The Company has identified potential performance obligations in its customer master supply agreements and determined that none of them are capable of being distinct as the customer can only benefit from the supplied packaging. Therefore, the Company has concluded that it has one performance obligation, which is to supply packaging to customers. The Company may provide variable consideration in several forms, which are determined through its agreements with customers. The Company can offer prompt payment discounts, sales rebates, or other incentive payments to customers. Sales rebates and other incentive payments are typically awarded upon achievement of certain performance metrics, including volume. The Company accounts for variable consideration using the most likely amount method. The Company utilizes forecasted sales data and rebate percentages specific to each customer agreement and updates its judgment of the amounts to which the customer is entitled each period. The Company enters into long-term agreements with certain customers, under which it is obligated to make various up-front payments for which it expects to receive a benefit in excess of the cost over the term of the contract. These up-front payments are deferred and reflected in prepaid expenses and other current assets or other non-current assets on its consolidated balance sheets. Contract incentives are typically recognized as a reduction to revenue over the term of the customer agreement. Practical Expedients The Company sells primarily through its direct sales force. Any external sales commissions are expensed when incurred because the amortization period would be one year or less. External sales commission expense is included in selling, general, and administrative expenses in the consolidated statements of income. The Company accounts for shipping and handling activities as fulfillment costs. Accordingly, shipping and handling costs are classified as a component of cost of sales while amounts billed to customers are classified as a component of net sales. The Company excludes from the measurement of the transaction price all taxes assessed by a government authority that are both imposed on and concurrent with a specific revenue producing transaction and collected from the customer, including sales taxes, value added taxes, excise taxes, and use taxes. Accordingly, the tax amounts are not included in net sales. The Company does not adjust the promised consideration for the time value of money for contracts where the difference between the time of payment and performance is one year or less. Research and Development: Research and development expenses are expensed as incurred. Restructuring Costs: Restructuring costs are recognized when the liability is incurred. The Company calculates severance obligations based on its standard customary practices. Accordingly, the Company records provisions for severance when payments are probable and estimable and when the Company has committed to the restructuring plan. In the absence of a standard customary practice or established local practice, liabilities for severance are recognized when incurred. If fixed assets become impaired as a result of the Company’s restructuring efforts, these assets are written down to their fair value less costs to sell, as the Company commits to dispose of them, and they are no longer in use. Depreciation is accelerated on fixed assets for the period of time the asset continues to be used until the asset ceases to be used. Other restructuring costs, including costs to relocate equipment, are generally recorded as the cost is incurred or the service is provided. See Note 7, "Restructuring," for more information on the Company’s restructuring plans. Cash, Cash Equivalents, and Restricted Cash: The Company considers all highly liquid investments, with a maturity of three months or less when purchased, to be cash equivalents. Cash equivalents include demand deposits that can be readily liquidated without penalty at the Company’s option. Cash equivalents are carried at cost which approximates fair market value. The Company had restricted cash of $8 million as of June 30, 2022, which was held in a share trust associated with Company share- based payment obligations. The Company had an immaterial amount of restricted cash as of June 30, 2023. Trade Receivables, net of allowance for credit losses ("Trade accounts receivable, net"): Trade accounts receivable, net, are stated at the amount the Company expects to collect, which is net of an allowance for sales returns and the estimated losses resulting from the inability of its customers to make required payments. The allowance for doubtful accounts is estimated based on the current expected credit loss model ("CECL") and it incorporates information about past events, current conditions, and reasonable and supportable forecasts of future economic conditions. When determining the collectability of specific customer accounts, several factors are evaluated, including customer creditworthiness, past transaction history with the customer, and changes in customer payment terms or practices. In addition, overall historical collection experience, current economic industry trends, and a review of the current status of trade accounts receivable are considered when determining the required allowance for credit losses. Changes in allowance for doubtful accounts were not material for fiscal years ended June 30, 2023, 2022, and 2021. The Company enters into customer-based supply-chain financing programs from time to time to sell trade receivables to third-party financial institutions. Agreements which result in true sales of the transferred receivables, which occur when receivables are transferred without recourse to the Company, are reflected as a reduction of trade receivables, net on the consolidated balance sheets and the proceeds are included in the cash flows from operating activities in the consolidated statements of cash flows. Agreements that allow the Company to maintain effective control over the transferred receivables and which do not qualify as a true sale are accounted for as secured borrowings and recorded on the consolidated balance sheets within trade receivables, net and short-term debt. The expenses associated with receivables factoring are recorded in the consolidated statements of income primarily as a reduction of net sales. The Company did not factor any trade receivables in fiscal years 2023 and 2022 which did not qualify as true sales of the receivables. Inventories, net: Inventories are stated at the lower of cost and net realizable value. The cost of inventories is based upon the first-in, first-out ("FIFO") method or average cost method. Costs related to inventories include raw materials, direct labor, and manufacturing overhead. Inventory reserves were $130 million and $111 million as of June 30, 2023, and 2022, respectively. Property, Plant, and Equipment, Net ("PP&E"): PP&E is carried at cost less accumulated depreciation and impairment and includes expenditures for new facilities and equipment, as well as costs that substantially increase the useful lives or capacity of existing PP&E. Cost of constructed assets includes capitalized interest incurred during the construction period. Maintenance and repairs that do not improve efficiency or extend economic life are expensed as incurred. PP&E, including assets held under finance leases, is depreciated using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the assets or, in the case of leasehold improvements and finance leases, over the period of the lease or useful life of the asset as described below. The Company periodically reviews these estimated useful lives and, when appropriate, changes are made prospectively. 57 58 Amcor Annual Report 2023 FINAL FINAL Form10-K 71 Form10-K 72 $17 million, a net gain of $19 million, and a net loss of $4 million during the fiscal years ended June 30, 2023, 2022, and 2021, The Company excludes from the measurement of the transaction price all taxes assessed by a government authority respectively. that are both imposed on and concurrent with a specific revenue producing transaction and collected from the customer, including sales taxes, value added taxes, excise taxes, and use taxes. Accordingly, the tax amounts are not included in net sales. Upon consolidation, the results of operations of subsidiaries with functional currencies other than the reporting currency of the Company are translated using average exchange rates during each year. Assets and liabilities of operations with The Company does not adjust the promised consideration for the time value of money for contracts where the a functional currency other than the U.S. dollar are translated at the exchange rates as of the balance sheet date, while equity difference between the time of payment and performance is one year or less. balances are translated at historical rates. Translation gains and losses are reported in accumulated other comprehensive loss as a component of shareholders’ equity. Research and Development: Research and development expenses are expensed as incurred. Highly Inflationary Accounting: A highly inflationary economy is defined as an economy with a cumulative inflation rate of approximately 100 percent or more over a three-year period. As of July 1, 2018, the Argentine economy was designated as highly inflationary for accounting purposes. Accordingly, the U.S. dollar replaced the Argentine peso as the functional currency for the Company's subsidiaries in Argentina. The impact of highly inflationary accounting on monetary balances was a loss of $24 million, $16 million, and $19 million for the fiscal years ended June 30, 2023, 2022, and 2021, respectively, in the consolidated statements of income. Revenue Recognition: The Company generates revenue by providing its customers with flexible and rigid packaging, serving a variety of markets including food, consumer products, and healthcare end markets. The Company enters into a variety of agreements with customers, including quality agreements, pricing agreements, and master supply agreements, which outline the terms under which the Company does business with a specific customer. The Company also sells to some customers solely based on purchase orders. The Company has concluded for the vast majority of its revenues, that its contracts with customers are either a purchase order or the combination of a purchase order with a master supply agreement. All revenue recognized in the consolidated statements of income is considered to be revenue from contracts with customers. The Company typically satisfies the obligation to provide packaging to customers at a point in time upon shipment when control is transferred to customers. Revenue is recognized net of allowances for returns and customer claims and any taxes collected from customers, which are subsequently remitted to governmental authorities. The Company does not have any material contract assets or contract liabilities. The Company disaggregates revenue based on geography. Disaggregation of revenue is presented in Note 21, "Segments." Significant Judgments Determining whether products and services should be accounted for as distinct performance obligations or as combined performance obligations may require significant judgment. The Company has identified potential performance obligations in its customer master supply agreements and determined that none of them are capable of being distinct as the customer can only benefit from the supplied packaging. Therefore, the Company has concluded that it has one performance obligation, which is to supply packaging to customers. The Company may provide variable consideration in several forms, which are determined through its agreements with customers. The Company can offer prompt payment discounts, sales rebates, or other incentive payments to customers. Sales rebates and other incentive payments are typically awarded upon achievement of certain performance metrics, including volume. The Company accounts for variable consideration using the most likely amount method. The Company utilizes forecasted sales data and rebate percentages specific to each customer agreement and updates its judgment of the amounts to which the customer is entitled each period. The Company enters into long-term agreements with certain customers, under which it is obligated to make various up-front payments for which it expects to receive a benefit in excess of the cost over the term of the contract. These up-front payments are deferred and reflected in prepaid expenses and other current assets or other non-current assets on its consolidated balance sheets. Contract incentives are typically recognized as a reduction to revenue over the term of the customer agreement. Practical Expedients The Company sells primarily through its direct sales force. Any external sales commissions are expensed when incurred because the amortization period would be one year or less. External sales commission expense is included in selling, general, and administrative expenses in the consolidated statements of income. The Company accounts for shipping and handling activities as fulfillment costs. Accordingly, shipping and handling costs are classified as a component of cost of sales while amounts billed to customers are classified as a component of net sales. Restructuring Costs: Restructuring costs are recognized when the liability is incurred. The Company calculates severance obligations based on its standard customary practices. Accordingly, the Company records provisions for severance when payments are probable and estimable and when the Company has committed to the restructuring plan. In the absence of a standard customary practice or established local practice, liabilities for severance are recognized when incurred. If fixed assets become impaired as a result of the Company’s restructuring efforts, these assets are written down to their fair value less costs to sell, as the Company commits to dispose of them, and they are no longer in use. Depreciation is accelerated on fixed assets for the period of time the asset continues to be used until the asset ceases to be used. Other restructuring costs, including costs to relocate equipment, are generally recorded as the cost is incurred or the service is provided. See Note 7, "Restructuring," for more information on the Company’s restructuring plans. Cash, Cash Equivalents, and Restricted Cash: The Company considers all highly liquid investments, with a maturity of three months or less when purchased, to be cash equivalents. Cash equivalents include demand deposits that can be readily liquidated without penalty at the Company’s option. Cash equivalents are carried at cost which approximates fair market value. The Company had restricted cash of $8 million as of June 30, 2022, which was held in a share trust associated with Company share- based payment obligations. The Company had an immaterial amount of restricted cash as of June 30, 2023. Trade Receivables, net of allowance for credit losses ("Trade accounts receivable, net"): Trade accounts receivable, net, are stated at the amount the Company expects to collect, which is net of an allowance for sales returns and the estimated losses resulting from the inability of its customers to make required payments. The allowance for doubtful accounts is estimated based on the current expected credit loss model ("CECL") and it incorporates information about past events, current conditions, and reasonable and supportable forecasts of future economic conditions. When determining the collectability of specific customer accounts, several factors are evaluated, including customer creditworthiness, past transaction history with the customer, and changes in customer payment terms or practices. In addition, overall historical collection experience, current economic industry trends, and a review of the current status of trade accounts receivable are considered when determining the required allowance for credit losses. Changes in allowance for doubtful accounts were not material for fiscal years ended June 30, 2023, 2022, and 2021. The Company enters into customer-based supply-chain financing programs from time to time to sell trade receivables to third-party financial institutions. Agreements which result in true sales of the transferred receivables, which occur when receivables are transferred without recourse to the Company, are reflected as a reduction of trade receivables, net on the consolidated balance sheets and the proceeds are included in the cash flows from operating activities in the consolidated statements of cash flows. Agreements that allow the Company to maintain effective control over the transferred receivables and which do not qualify as a true sale are accounted for as secured borrowings and recorded on the consolidated balance sheets within trade receivables, net and short-term debt. The expenses associated with receivables factoring are recorded in the consolidated statements of income primarily as a reduction of net sales. The Company did not factor any trade receivables in fiscal years 2023 and 2022 which did not qualify as true sales of the receivables. Inventories, net: Inventories are stated at the lower of cost and net realizable value. The cost of inventories is based upon the first-in, first-out ("FIFO") method or average cost method. Costs related to inventories include raw materials, direct labor, and manufacturing overhead. Inventory reserves were $130 million and $111 million as of June 30, 2023, and 2022, respectively. Property, Plant, and Equipment, Net ("PP&E"): PP&E is carried at cost less accumulated depreciation and impairment and includes expenditures for new facilities and equipment, as well as costs that substantially increase the useful lives or capacity of existing PP&E. Cost of constructed assets includes capitalized interest incurred during the construction period. Maintenance and repairs that do not improve efficiency or extend economic life are expensed as incurred. PP&E, including assets held under finance leases, is depreciated using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the assets or, in the case of leasehold improvements and finance leases, over the period of the lease or useful life of the asset as described below. The Company periodically reviews these estimated useful lives and, when appropriate, changes are made prospectively. 57 58 Amcor Annual Report 2023 FINAL FINAL Form10-K 73 Leasehold land Land improvements Buildings Machinery and equipment Finance leases Over lease term Up to 30 years Up to 45 years Up to 25 years Lease term or 5 - 25 years Impairment of Long-lived Assets: The Company reviews long-lived assets, primarily PP&E and certain identifiable intangible assets with finite lives, for impairment when facts or circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset or asset group may not be recoverable. If impairment indicators are present and the estimated future undiscounted cash flows are less than the carrying value of the assets, the carrying values are reduced to the estimated fair value. Fair values are determined based on quoted market values, discounted cash flows, or external appraisals, as applicable. Impairment of long-lived assets recognized in the consolidated statements of income, excluding assets held for sale, were as follows: ($ in millions) Selling, general, and administrative expenses Restructuring, impairment, and other related activities, net Total impairment losses recognized in the consolidated statements of income Years ended June 30, 2022 2021 2023 $ $ — $ 18 18 $ 1 $ 42 43 $ 1 9 10 Leases: The Company enters into leasing arrangements for certain manufacturing sites, offices, warehouses, land, vehicles, and equipment. The Company determines at the inception of the contract whether the contract is or contains a lease. A contract is a lease if it conveys the right to control an identified asset for a period of time in exchange for consideration. For leases with an original term of more than twelve months, the Company recognizes a right-of-use (“ROU”) asset and a lease liability. Short-term leases with a term of twelve months or less are not recorded on the consolidated balance sheets and the related expense is recognized on a straight-line basis over the term of the lease. Lease liabilities are recognized at the commencement date based on the present value of the remaining lease payments over the lease terms, which include any noncancellable lease terms and any renewal periods that the Company is reasonably certain to exercise. A significant portion of the Company's leases includes an option or options to extend the lease term. The Company re-evaluates its leases on a regular basis to consider the economic and strategic incentives of exercising lease renewal options. As the implicit rates in the Company's leases generally cannot be readily determined, the Company uses estimates of its incremental borrowing rate as the discount rates to determine the lease liabilities. multiples, terminal values, and discount rates. Sensitivity analyses are performed around certain of these assumptions to assess the reasonableness of the assumptions and the resulting estimated fair values. If current expectations of future growth rates and margins are not met, or if market factors beyond the Company’s control, such as factors impacting the applicable discount rate or economic or political conditions in key markets change significantly, then goodwill allocated to one or more reporting units may be impaired. carrying values. In fiscal year 2023, the Company performed quantitative impairment tests for all of its reporting units and the Company concluded that goodwill was not impaired as the fair values of the reporting units substantially exceeded their Other Intangible Assets, Net: Contractual or separable intangible assets that have finite useful lives are amortized against income using the straight-line method over their estimated useful lives, which range from 1 to 20 years. The straight-line method of amortization reflects an appropriate allocation of the costs of the intangible assets to earnings in proportion to the amount of economic benefits obtained by the Company in each reporting period. Costs incurred to develop software programs to be used solely to meet the Company's internal needs have been capitalized as computer software within other intangible assets. Fair Value Measurements: The fair values of the Company's financial assets and financial liabilities reflect the amounts that would be received to sell the assets or paid to transfer the liabilities in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date (exit price). The Company determines fair value based on a three-tiered fair value hierarchy. The hierarchy consists of: • • • Level 1: fair value measurements represent exchange-traded securities, which are valued at quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets or liabilities that the Company has the ability to access as of the reporting date; Level 2: fair value measurements are determined using input prices that are directly observable for the asset or liability or indirectly observable through corroboration with observable market data; and Level 3: fair value measurements are determined using unobservable inputs, such as internally developed pricing models for the asset or liability due to little or no market activity for the asset or liability. Derivative Instruments: The Company recognizes all derivative instruments on the consolidated balance sheets at fair value. The impact on earnings from recognizing the fair values of these instruments depends on their intended use, their hedge designation and their effectiveness in offsetting changes in the fair values of the exposures they are hedging. Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments are adjusted to fair value through income. Depending on the nature of derivatives designated as hedging instruments, changes in the fair value are either offset against the change in fair value of the hedged assets, liabilities, or firm commitments through earnings or recognized in shareholders’ equity through other comprehensive income/ (loss) until the hedged item is recognized. Gains or losses, if any, related to the ineffective portion of any hedge are recognized through earnings over the life of the hedging relationship. Certain leases require variable payments that are dependent on usage, output, or other factors. Variable lease payments that do not depend on an index or rate are excluded from lease payments in the measurement of the ROU lease asset and lease liability and recognized as an expense in the period in which the obligation for the payments occur. See Note 12, "Derivative Instruments," for more information regarding specific derivative instruments included on the Company’s consolidated balance sheets, such as forward foreign currency exchange contracts, currency swap contracts, and interest rate swap arrangements, among other derivative instruments. Goodwill: Goodwill represents the excess of cost over the fair value of net assets acquired in a business combination. Goodwill is not amortized but is instead tested annually for impairment by the Company in the fourth quarter of each fiscal year or whenever events and circumstances indicate an impairment may have occurred during the fiscal year. Factors that could trigger an impairment review include a significant decline in a reporting unit’s operating results compared to its operating plan or historical performance, and competitive pressures and changes in the general markets in which it operates. All goodwill is assigned to a reporting unit, which is defined as the operating segment. The Company has six reporting units with goodwill that are assessed for potential impairment. When performing the required impairment tests, the Company has the option to first assess qualitative factors to determine if a quantitative assessment for goodwill impairment is necessary. If the qualitative assessment concludes that it is more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying value, the Company performs a quantitative assessment. The Company's quantitative assessment utilizes a discounted cash flow model to determine the fair value of the reporting units. Deriving fair value using discounted cash flows requires judgment and is sensitive to changes in underlying assumptions and market factors. Key assumptions include revenue growth, projected operating income growth, market Employee Benefit Plans: The Company sponsors various defined contribution plans to which it makes contributions on behalf of employees. The expense under such plans was $87 million, $79 million, and $68 million for the fiscal years ended June 30, 2023, 2022, and 2021, respectively. The Company also sponsors a number of defined benefit plans that provide benefits to current and former employees. For the Company-sponsored plans, the relevant accounting guidance requires management to make certain assumptions relating to the long-term rate of return on plan assets, discount rates used to determine the present value of future obligations and expenses, salary inflation rates, mortality rates, and other assumptions. The Company believes that the accounting estimates related to its pension plans are critical accounting estimates because they are highly susceptible to change from period to period based on the performance of plan assets, actuarial valuations, market conditions, and contracted benefit changes. The selection of assumptions is based on historical trends, known economic and market conditions at the time of valuation, and independent studies of trends performed by the Company’s actuaries. However, actual results may differ substantially from the estimates that were based on the critical assumptions. 59 60 Amcor Annual Report 2023 FINAL FINAL Form10-K 73 Form10-K 74 Leasehold land Land improvements Buildings Machinery and equipment Finance leases Over lease term Up to 30 years Up to 45 years Up to 25 years Lease term or 5 - 25 years Impairment of Long-lived Assets: The Company reviews long-lived assets, primarily PP&E and certain identifiable intangible assets with finite lives, for impairment when facts or circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset or asset group may not be recoverable. If impairment indicators are present and the estimated future undiscounted cash flows are less than the carrying value of the assets, the carrying values are reduced to the estimated fair value. Fair values are determined based on quoted market values, discounted cash flows, or external appraisals, as applicable. Impairment of long-lived assets recognized in the consolidated statements of income, excluding assets held for sale, were as follows: ($ in millions) Selling, general, and administrative expenses Restructuring, impairment, and other related activities, net Total impairment losses recognized in the consolidated statements of income Years ended June 30, 2023 2022 2021 $ $ — $ 18 18 $ 1 $ 42 43 $ 1 9 10 Leases: The Company enters into leasing arrangements for certain manufacturing sites, offices, warehouses, land, vehicles, and equipment. The Company determines at the inception of the contract whether the contract is or contains a lease. A contract is a lease if it conveys the right to control an identified asset for a period of time in exchange for consideration. For leases with an original term of more than twelve months, the Company recognizes a right-of-use (“ROU”) asset and a lease liability. Short-term leases with a term of twelve months or less are not recorded on the consolidated balance sheets and the related expense is recognized on a straight-line basis over the term of the lease. Lease liabilities are recognized at the commencement date based on the present value of the remaining lease payments over the lease terms, which include any noncancellable lease terms and any renewal periods that the Company is reasonably certain to exercise. A significant portion of the Company's leases includes an option or options to extend the lease term. The Company re-evaluates its leases on a regular basis to consider the economic and strategic incentives of exercising lease renewal options. As the implicit rates in the Company's leases generally cannot be readily determined, the Company uses estimates of its incremental borrowing rate as the discount rates to determine the lease liabilities. multiples, terminal values, and discount rates. Sensitivity analyses are performed around certain of these assumptions to assess the reasonableness of the assumptions and the resulting estimated fair values. If current expectations of future growth rates and margins are not met, or if market factors beyond the Company’s control, such as factors impacting the applicable discount rate or economic or political conditions in key markets change significantly, then goodwill allocated to one or more reporting units may be impaired. In fiscal year 2023, the Company performed quantitative impairment tests for all of its reporting units and the Company concluded that goodwill was not impaired as the fair values of the reporting units substantially exceeded their carrying values. Other Intangible Assets, Net: Contractual or separable intangible assets that have finite useful lives are amortized against income using the straight-line method over their estimated useful lives, which range from 1 to 20 years. The straight-line method of amortization reflects an appropriate allocation of the costs of the intangible assets to earnings in proportion to the amount of economic benefits obtained by the Company in each reporting period. Costs incurred to develop software programs to be used solely to meet the Company's internal needs have been capitalized as computer software within other intangible assets. Fair Value Measurements: The fair values of the Company's financial assets and financial liabilities reflect the amounts that would be received to sell the assets or paid to transfer the liabilities in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date (exit price). The Company determines fair value based on a three-tiered fair value hierarchy. The hierarchy consists of: • • • Level 1: fair value measurements represent exchange-traded securities, which are valued at quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets or liabilities that the Company has the ability to access as of the reporting date; Level 2: fair value measurements are determined using input prices that are directly observable for the asset or liability or indirectly observable through corroboration with observable market data; and Level 3: fair value measurements are determined using unobservable inputs, such as internally developed pricing models for the asset or liability due to little or no market activity for the asset or liability. Derivative Instruments: The Company recognizes all derivative instruments on the consolidated balance sheets at fair value. The impact on earnings from recognizing the fair values of these instruments depends on their intended use, their hedge designation and their effectiveness in offsetting changes in the fair values of the exposures they are hedging. Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments are adjusted to fair value through income. Depending on the nature of derivatives designated as hedging instruments, changes in the fair value are either offset against the change in fair value of the hedged assets, liabilities, or firm commitments through earnings or recognized in shareholders’ equity through other comprehensive income/ (loss) until the hedged item is recognized. Gains or losses, if any, related to the ineffective portion of any hedge are recognized through earnings over the life of the hedging relationship. Certain leases require variable payments that are dependent on usage, output, or other factors. Variable lease payments that do not depend on an index or rate are excluded from lease payments in the measurement of the ROU lease asset and lease liability and recognized as an expense in the period in which the obligation for the payments occur. See Note 12, "Derivative Instruments," for more information regarding specific derivative instruments included on the Company’s consolidated balance sheets, such as forward foreign currency exchange contracts, currency swap contracts, and interest rate swap arrangements, among other derivative instruments. Goodwill: Goodwill represents the excess of cost over the fair value of net assets acquired in a business combination. Goodwill is not amortized but is instead tested annually for impairment by the Company in the fourth quarter of each fiscal year or whenever events and circumstances indicate an impairment may have occurred during the fiscal year. Factors that could trigger an impairment review include a significant decline in a reporting unit’s operating results compared to its operating plan or historical performance, and competitive pressures and changes in the general markets in which it operates. All goodwill is assigned to a reporting unit, which is defined as the operating segment. The Company has six reporting units with goodwill that are assessed for potential impairment. When performing the required impairment tests, the Company has the option to first assess qualitative factors to determine if a quantitative assessment for goodwill impairment is necessary. If the qualitative assessment concludes that it is more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying value, the Company performs a quantitative assessment. The Company's quantitative assessment utilizes a discounted cash flow model to determine the fair value of the reporting units. Deriving fair value using discounted cash flows requires judgment and is sensitive to changes in underlying assumptions and market factors. Key assumptions include revenue growth, projected operating income growth, market Employee Benefit Plans: The Company sponsors various defined contribution plans to which it makes contributions on behalf of employees. The expense under such plans was $87 million, $79 million, and $68 million for the fiscal years ended June 30, 2023, 2022, and 2021, respectively. The Company also sponsors a number of defined benefit plans that provide benefits to current and former employees. For the Company-sponsored plans, the relevant accounting guidance requires management to make certain assumptions relating to the long-term rate of return on plan assets, discount rates used to determine the present value of future obligations and expenses, salary inflation rates, mortality rates, and other assumptions. The Company believes that the accounting estimates related to its pension plans are critical accounting estimates because they are highly susceptible to change from period to period based on the performance of plan assets, actuarial valuations, market conditions, and contracted benefit changes. The selection of assumptions is based on historical trends, known economic and market conditions at the time of valuation, and independent studies of trends performed by the Company’s actuaries. However, actual results may differ substantially from the estimates that were based on the critical assumptions. 59 60 Amcor Annual Report 2023 Recently Adopted Accounting Standards In November 2021, the FASB issued an Accounting Standards Update ("ASU") 2021-10, Government Assistance, (Topic 832) that adds certain disclosure requirements for entities that receive government assistance. The standard is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2021, with early application permitted. The Company adopted ASU 2021-10 on July 1, 2022. The Company analyzed amounts received from government assistance programs and determined the program amounts received are individually, and in the aggregate, not material. ASU 2021-10 may have an impact on the Company’s disclosures in the future, if government assistance provided to the Company were to become material. Accounting Standards Not Yet Adopted In September 2022, the FASB issued ASU 2022-04 that adds certain disclosure requirements for entities that use supplier finance programs in connection with the purchase of goods and services. The new standard's requirement to disclose the key terms of supplier finance programs is effective for all interim and annual periods beginning with the Company's fiscal year ending June 30, 2024. The new standard does not affect the recognition, measurement, or financial statement presentation of supplier finance program obligations. Early adoption is permitted. The Company adopted this new disclosure guidance on July 1, 2023, except for the amendment on roll forward information which is not effective until July 1, 2024. The Company considers the applicability and impact of all ASUs issued by the FASB. The Company determined at this time that all other ASUs not yet adopted are either not applicable or are expected to have minimal impact on the Company's consolidated financial statements. FINAL FINAL Form10-K 75 The Company recognizes the funded status of each defined benefit pension plan in the consolidated balance sheets. Note 3 - New Accounting Guidance Each overfunded plan is recognized as an asset in employee benefit assets and each underfunded plan is recognized as a liability in employee benefit obligations. Pension plan liabilities are revalued annually, or when an event occurs that requires remeasurement, based on updated assumptions and information about the individuals covered by the plan. Accumulated actuarial gains and losses in excess of a 10 percent corridor and the prior service cost are amortized on a straight-line basis from the date recognized over the average remaining service period of active participants or over the average life expectancy for plans with significant inactive participants. The service costs related to defined benefits are included in operating income. The other components of net benefit cost other than service cost are recorded within other non-operating income, net in the consolidated statements of income. Equity Method and Other Investments: Investments in ordinary shares of companies, in which the Company believes it exercises significant influence over operating and financial policies, are accounted for using the equity method of accounting. Investments in limited partnerships or limited liability companies that maintain separate ownership accounts are also accounted for under the equity method unless the Company's interest is so minor that it has virtually no influence over the investee's operating and financial policies. Under this method, the investment is carried at cost and is adjusted to recognize the investor’s share of earnings or losses of the investee after the date of acquisition and is adjusted for impairment whenever it is determined that a decline in the fair value below the cost basis is other than temporary. The fair value of the investment then becomes the new cost basis of the investment, and it is not adjusted for subsequent recoveries in fair value. The Company reviews its investments accounted for under the equity method for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate the carrying amount may not be recoverable. All equity investments that do not result in consolidation and are not accounted for under the equity method are measured at fair value with unrealized gains and losses related to mark-to-market adjustments included in net income. The Company utilizes the measurement alternative for equity investments that do not have readily determinable fair values and measures these investments at cost adjusted for impairments and observable price changes in orderly transactions. See Note 8, "Equity Method and Other Investments," for more information on the Company's equity method and other investments. Contingencies: The Company is subject to numerous contingencies arising in the ordinary course of business, such as legal and administrative proceedings, environmental claims and proceedings, workers' compensation, and other claims. Accruals for estimated losses are recorded by the Company at the time information becomes available indicating that losses are probable, and the amounts can be reasonably estimated. When management can reasonably estimate a range of losses it may incur, it records an accrual for the amount within the range that constitutes its best estimate. If no amount within a range appears to be a better estimate than any other, the low end of the range is accrued. The Company records anticipated recoveries under existing insurance contracts when recovery is probable. Share-based Compensation: The Company has a variety of equity incentive plans. For employee awards with a service or market condition, compensation expense is recognized over the vesting period on a straight-line basis using the grant date fair value of the award and the estimated number of awards that are expected to vest. For awards with a performance condition, the Company reassesses the probability of vesting at each reporting period and adjusts compensation cost based on its probability assessment. The Company also has immaterial cash-settled share-based compensation plans which are accounted for as liabilities. Such share-based awards are remeasured to fair value at each reporting date. The Company estimates forfeitures based on employee level, time remaining to vest, and historical forfeiture experience. Income Taxes: The Company uses the asset and liability method to account for income taxes. Deferred income taxes reflect the future tax consequences of temporary differences between the tax bases of assets and liabilities and their financial reporting amounts at each balance sheet date, based upon enacted income tax laws and tax rates. Income tax expense or benefit is provided based on earnings reported in the consolidated financial statements. The provision for income tax expense or benefit differs from the amounts of income taxes currently payable because certain items of income and expense included in the consolidated financial statements are recognized in different time periods by taxing authorities. Deferred tax assets, including operating losses, capital losses, and tax credit carryforwards, are reduced by a valuation allowance when it is more likely than not that any portion of these tax attributes will not be realized. In addition, from time to time, management assesses the need to accrue or disclose uncertain tax positions. In making these assessments, management must often analyze complex tax laws of multiple jurisdictions. Accounting guidance prescribes a recognition threshold and measurement attribute for the financial statement recognition and measurement of a tax position taken or expected to be taken in a tax return. The Company records the related interest expense and penalties, if any, as tax expense in the tax provision. See Note 17, "Income Taxes," for more information on the Company's income taxes. 61 62 Amcor Annual Report 2023 FINAL FINAL Form10-K 75 Form10-K 76 The Company recognizes the funded status of each defined benefit pension plan in the consolidated balance sheets. Note 3 - New Accounting Guidance Each overfunded plan is recognized as an asset in employee benefit assets and each underfunded plan is recognized as a liability in employee benefit obligations. Pension plan liabilities are revalued annually, or when an event occurs that requires remeasurement, based on updated assumptions and information about the individuals covered by the plan. Accumulated Recently Adopted Accounting Standards actuarial gains and losses in excess of a 10 percent corridor and the prior service cost are amortized on a straight-line basis from In November 2021, the FASB issued an Accounting Standards Update ("ASU") 2021-10, Government Assistance, the date recognized over the average remaining service period of active participants or over the average life expectancy for plans with significant inactive participants. The service costs related to defined benefits are included in operating income. The other components of net benefit cost other than service cost are recorded within other non-operating income, net in the consolidated statements of income. (Topic 832) that adds certain disclosure requirements for entities that receive government assistance. The standard is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2021, with early application permitted. The Company adopted ASU 2021-10 on July 1, 2022. The Company analyzed amounts received from government assistance programs and determined the program amounts received are individually, and in the aggregate, not material. ASU 2021-10 may have an impact on the Company’s disclosures in the future, if government assistance provided to the Company were to become material. Equity Method and Other Investments: Investments in ordinary shares of companies, in which the Company believes it exercises significant influence over operating and financial policies, are accounted for using the equity method of accounting. Accounting Standards Not Yet Adopted In September 2022, the FASB issued ASU 2022-04 that adds certain disclosure requirements for entities that use supplier finance programs in connection with the purchase of goods and services. The new standard's requirement to disclose the key terms of supplier finance programs is effective for all interim and annual periods beginning with the Company's fiscal year ending June 30, 2024. The new standard does not affect the recognition, measurement, or financial statement presentation of supplier finance program obligations. Early adoption is permitted. The Company adopted this new disclosure guidance on July 1, 2023, except for the amendment on roll forward information which is not effective until July 1, 2024. The Company considers the applicability and impact of all ASUs issued by the FASB. The Company determined at this time that all other ASUs not yet adopted are either not applicable or are expected to have minimal impact on the Company's consolidated financial statements. Investments in limited partnerships or limited liability companies that maintain separate ownership accounts are also accounted for under the equity method unless the Company's interest is so minor that it has virtually no influence over the investee's operating and financial policies. Under this method, the investment is carried at cost and is adjusted to recognize the investor’s share of earnings or losses of the investee after the date of acquisition and is adjusted for impairment whenever it is determined that a decline in the fair value below the cost basis is other than temporary. The fair value of the investment then becomes the new cost basis of the investment, and it is not adjusted for subsequent recoveries in fair value. The Company reviews its investments accounted for under the equity method for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate the carrying amount may not be recoverable. All equity investments that do not result in consolidation and are not accounted for under the equity method are measured at fair value with unrealized gains and losses related to mark-to-market adjustments included in net income. The Company utilizes the measurement alternative for equity investments that do not have readily determinable fair values and measures these investments at cost adjusted for impairments and observable price changes in orderly transactions. See Note 8, "Equity Method and Other Investments," for more information on the Company's equity method and other investments. Contingencies: The Company is subject to numerous contingencies arising in the ordinary course of business, such as legal and administrative proceedings, environmental claims and proceedings, workers' compensation, and other claims. Accruals for estimated losses are recorded by the Company at the time information becomes available indicating that losses are probable, and the amounts can be reasonably estimated. When management can reasonably estimate a range of losses it may incur, it records an accrual for the amount within the range that constitutes its best estimate. If no amount within a range appears to be a better estimate than any other, the low end of the range is accrued. The Company records anticipated recoveries under existing insurance contracts when recovery is probable. Share-based Compensation: The Company has a variety of equity incentive plans. For employee awards with a service or market condition, compensation expense is recognized over the vesting period on a straight-line basis using the grant date fair value of the award and the estimated number of awards that are expected to vest. For awards with a performance condition, the Company reassesses the probability of vesting at each reporting period and adjusts compensation cost based on its probability assessment. The Company also has immaterial cash-settled share-based compensation plans which are accounted for as liabilities. Such share-based awards are remeasured to fair value at each reporting date. The Company estimates forfeitures based on employee level, time remaining to vest, and historical forfeiture experience. Income Taxes: The Company uses the asset and liability method to account for income taxes. Deferred income taxes reflect the future tax consequences of temporary differences between the tax bases of assets and liabilities and their financial reporting amounts at each balance sheet date, based upon enacted income tax laws and tax rates. Income tax expense or benefit is provided based on earnings reported in the consolidated financial statements. The provision for income tax expense or benefit differs from the amounts of income taxes currently payable because certain items of income and expense included in the consolidated financial statements are recognized in different time periods by taxing authorities. Deferred tax assets, including operating losses, capital losses, and tax credit carryforwards, are reduced by a valuation allowance when it is more likely than not that any portion of these tax attributes will not be realized. In addition, from time to time, management assesses the need to accrue or disclose uncertain tax positions. In making these assessments, management must often analyze complex tax laws of multiple jurisdictions. Accounting guidance prescribes a recognition threshold and measurement attribute for the financial statement recognition and measurement of a tax position taken or expected to be taken in a tax return. The Company records the related interest expense and penalties, if any, as tax expense in the tax provision. See Note 17, "Income Taxes," for more information on the Company's income taxes. 61 62 Amcor Annual Report 2023 FINAL FINAL Form10-K 77 Note 4 - Restructuring, Impairment, and Other Related Activities, Net Note 5 - Acquisitions and Divestitures Restructuring, impairment, and other related activities, net as reported on the consolidated statements of income are Year ended June 30, 2023 summarized as follows: Acquisitions ($ in millions) Gain on disposal of Russian business, net Restructuring and related expenses, net Russia-Ukraine impairment expenses Restructuring, impairment, and other related activities, net Years ended June 30, 2022 2021 2023 $ $ 215 $ (111) — 104 $ — $ (96) (138) (234) $ — (94) — (94) A pre-tax net gain on disposal of the Company's three manufacturing facilities in Russia ("Russian business") of $215 million was recognized during fiscal year 2023. The carrying value of the Russian business had previously been impaired by $90 million in the fourth quarter of fiscal year 2022, following the Company's approved plan to sell its Russian operations. For further information, refer to Note 5, "Acquisitions and Divestitures," and Note 6, "Held for Sale." Impairment expenses of $138 million were incurred in the fourth quarter of fiscal year 2022 as a result of the Russia- Ukraine Conflict. In addition to the impairment charge on Russian business mentioned above, the Company recognized other expenses of $48 million, given the expectation that certain assets not held for sale in the conflict region will not be recoverable. The Company's manufacturing plant in Ukraine ceased operations in February 2022 and has not resumed operations given the ongoing conflict in the region has displaced the Company's employees, destroyed nearby manufacturing facilities, and impaired the region's supporting infrastructure. Other asset impairment expenses in the last three fiscal years were not material and were primarily reported in restructuring and related expenses, net. Refer to Note 7, "Restructuring," for information on restructuring and related expenses, net. On August 1, 2022, the Company completed the acquisition of 100% equity interest in a Czech Republic company that operates a world-class flexible packaging manufacturing plant. The purchase consideration of $59 million included a deferred portion of $5 million that was paid in the first quarter of fiscal year 2024. The acquisition is part of the Company's Flexibles reportable segment and resulted in the recognition of acquired identifiable net assets of $36 million and goodwill of $23 million. Goodwill is not deductible for tax purposes. The fair values of the identifiable net assets acquired and goodwill are based on the Company's best estimate as of June 30, 2023. On March 17, 2023, the Company completed the acquisition of 100% equity interest in a medical device packaging manufacturing site in Shanghai, China. The purchase consideration of $60 million is subject to customary post-closing adjustments. The consideration includes contingent consideration of $20 million, to be earned and paid in cash over the three years following the acquisition date, subject to meeting certain performance targets. The acquisition is part of the Company's Flexibles reportable segment and resulted in the recognition of acquired identifiable net assets of $21 million and goodwill of $39 million. Goodwill is not deductible for tax purposes. The fair values of the contingent consideration, identifiable net assets acquired, and goodwill are based on the Company's best estimate as of June 30, 2023, and are considered preliminary. The Company aims to complete the purchase price allocation as soon as practicable but no later than one year from the date of the acquisition. acquisition. On May 31, 2023, the Company completed the acquisition of a New Zealand based leading manufacturer of state-of- the-art, automated protein packaging machines. The purchase consideration of $45 million is subject to customary post-closing adjustments. The consideration includes contingent consideration of $13 million, to be earned and paid in cash over the two years following the acquisition date, subject to meeting certain performance targets. The acquisition is part of the Company's Flexibles reportable segment and resulted in the recognition of acquired identifiable net assets of $9 million and goodwill of $36 million. Goodwill is deductible for tax purposes. The fair values of the contingent consideration, identifiable net assets acquired, and goodwill are based on the Company's best estimate as of June 30, 2023, and are considered preliminary. The Company aims to complete the purchase price allocation as soon as practicable but no later than one year from the date of the The fair value estimates for all three acquisitions were based on income, market, and cost valuation methods. Pro forma information related to these acquisitions has not been presented, as the effect of the acquisitions on the Company's consolidated financial statements was not material. Disposal of Russian business On December 23, 2022, the Company completed the sale of its Russian business after receiving all necessary regulatory approvals and cash proceeds, including receipt of closing cash balances. The sale follows the Company’s previously announced plan to pursue the orderly sale of its Russian business. The total net cash consideration received, excluding disposed cash and items settled net, was $365 million and resulted in a pre-tax net gain of $215 million. The carrying value of the Russian business had previously been impaired by $90 million in the quarter ended June 30, 2022. The impairment charge was based on the Company's best estimate of the fair value of its Russian business, which considered the wide range of indicative bids received and uncertain regulatory environment. The net pre-tax gain on disposal of the Russian business has been recorded as restructuring, impairment, and other related activities, net within the consolidated statements of income. The Russian business had a net carrying value of $252 million, including allocated goodwill of $46 million and accumulated other comprehensive losses of $73 million, primarily attributed to foreign currency translation adjustments. Year ended June 30, 2022 During the third quarter of fiscal year 2022, the Company completed the disposal of non-core assets in the Flexibles reporting segment. The Company recorded an expense of $10 million during the fiscal year ended June 30, 2022, to adjust the long-lived assets to their fair value less cost to sell. 63 64 Amcor Annual Report 2023 FINAL FINAL Form10-K 77 Form10-K 78 Note 4 - Restructuring, Impairment, and Other Related Activities, Net Note 5 - Acquisitions and Divestitures Restructuring, impairment, and other related activities, net as reported on the consolidated statements of income are Year ended June 30, 2023 summarized as follows: ($ in millions) Gain on disposal of Russian business, net $ Restructuring and related expenses, net Russia-Ukraine impairment expenses Restructuring, impairment, and other related activities, net $ 104 $ Years ended June 30, 2023 2022 2021 215 $ (111) — — $ (96) (138) (234) $ — (94) — (94) A pre-tax net gain on disposal of the Company's three manufacturing facilities in Russia ("Russian business") of $215 million was recognized during fiscal year 2023. The carrying value of the Russian business had previously been impaired by $90 million in the fourth quarter of fiscal year 2022, following the Company's approved plan to sell its Russian operations. For further information, refer to Note 5, "Acquisitions and Divestitures," and Note 6, "Held for Sale." Impairment expenses of $138 million were incurred in the fourth quarter of fiscal year 2022 as a result of the Russia- Ukraine Conflict. In addition to the impairment charge on Russian business mentioned above, the Company recognized other expenses of $48 million, given the expectation that certain assets not held for sale in the conflict region will not be recoverable. The Company's manufacturing plant in Ukraine ceased operations in February 2022 and has not resumed operations given the ongoing conflict in the region has displaced the Company's employees, destroyed nearby manufacturing facilities, and impaired the region's supporting infrastructure. Other asset impairment expenses in the last three fiscal years were not material and were primarily reported in restructuring and related expenses, net. Refer to Note 7, "Restructuring," for information on restructuring and related expenses, net. Acquisitions On August 1, 2022, the Company completed the acquisition of 100% equity interest in a Czech Republic company that operates a world-class flexible packaging manufacturing plant. The purchase consideration of $59 million included a deferred portion of $5 million that was paid in the first quarter of fiscal year 2024. The acquisition is part of the Company's Flexibles reportable segment and resulted in the recognition of acquired identifiable net assets of $36 million and goodwill of $23 million. Goodwill is not deductible for tax purposes. The fair values of the identifiable net assets acquired and goodwill are based on the Company's best estimate as of June 30, 2023. On March 17, 2023, the Company completed the acquisition of 100% equity interest in a medical device packaging manufacturing site in Shanghai, China. The purchase consideration of $60 million is subject to customary post-closing adjustments. The consideration includes contingent consideration of $20 million, to be earned and paid in cash over the three years following the acquisition date, subject to meeting certain performance targets. The acquisition is part of the Company's Flexibles reportable segment and resulted in the recognition of acquired identifiable net assets of $21 million and goodwill of $39 million. Goodwill is not deductible for tax purposes. The fair values of the contingent consideration, identifiable net assets acquired, and goodwill are based on the Company's best estimate as of June 30, 2023, and are considered preliminary. The Company aims to complete the purchase price allocation as soon as practicable but no later than one year from the date of the acquisition. On May 31, 2023, the Company completed the acquisition of a New Zealand based leading manufacturer of state-of- the-art, automated protein packaging machines. The purchase consideration of $45 million is subject to customary post-closing adjustments. The consideration includes contingent consideration of $13 million, to be earned and paid in cash over the two years following the acquisition date, subject to meeting certain performance targets. The acquisition is part of the Company's Flexibles reportable segment and resulted in the recognition of acquired identifiable net assets of $9 million and goodwill of $36 million. Goodwill is deductible for tax purposes. The fair values of the contingent consideration, identifiable net assets acquired, and goodwill are based on the Company's best estimate as of June 30, 2023, and are considered preliminary. The Company aims to complete the purchase price allocation as soon as practicable but no later than one year from the date of the acquisition. The fair value estimates for all three acquisitions were based on income, market, and cost valuation methods. Pro forma information related to these acquisitions has not been presented, as the effect of the acquisitions on the Company's consolidated financial statements was not material. Disposal of Russian business On December 23, 2022, the Company completed the sale of its Russian business after receiving all necessary regulatory approvals and cash proceeds, including receipt of closing cash balances. The sale follows the Company’s previously announced plan to pursue the orderly sale of its Russian business. The total net cash consideration received, excluding disposed cash and items settled net, was $365 million and resulted in a pre-tax net gain of $215 million. The carrying value of the Russian business had previously been impaired by $90 million in the quarter ended June 30, 2022. The impairment charge was based on the Company's best estimate of the fair value of its Russian business, which considered the wide range of indicative bids received and uncertain regulatory environment. The net pre-tax gain on disposal of the Russian business has been recorded as restructuring, impairment, and other related activities, net within the consolidated statements of income. The Russian business had a net carrying value of $252 million, including allocated goodwill of $46 million and accumulated other comprehensive losses of $73 million, primarily attributed to foreign currency translation adjustments. Year ended June 30, 2022 During the third quarter of fiscal year 2022, the Company completed the disposal of non-core assets in the Flexibles reporting segment. The Company recorded an expense of $10 million during the fiscal year ended June 30, 2022, to adjust the long-lived assets to their fair value less cost to sell. 63 64 Amcor Annual Report 2023 FINAL FINAL Form10-K 79 Year ended June 30, 2021 Note 6 - Held for Sale As part of optimizing its portfolio under the 2019 Bemis Integration Plan, the Company completed the disposal of a During the fourth quarter of fiscal year 2022, the Company classified the assets and liabilities of its Russian operations non-core European hospital supplies business, which was part of the Flexibles reportable segment. The resulting gain from the sale has been recorded in the line restructuring, impairment, and other related activities, net, in the consolidated statements of income. Refer to Note 7, "Restructuring." The Company also completed the disposal of two non-core businesses in India and Argentina in the Flexibles reportable segment during the first quarter of fiscal year 2021, recording a loss on sale of $6 million recorded in the line other income, net, in the consolidated statements of income, which was primarily driven by the reclassification of cumulative translation adjustments through the income statements that had previously been recorded in other comprehensive income/(loss). The Company sold its equity investment in AMVIG Holdings Limited ("AMVIG") in the first quarter of fiscal year 2021. Refer to Note 8, "Equity Method and Other Investments." as held for sale as a result of the Company's decision to sell its Russian business and recorded an impairment of $90 million. On December 23, 2022, the Company completed the sale of the Russian business and derecognized the assets and liabilities previously classified as held for sale. The disposal did not represent a strategic shift that had a major effect on the Company's operations and financial results, and therefore did not qualify for reporting as a discontinued operation. The Russian business was part of the Company’s Flexibles reportable segment. For further information, refer to Note 5, "Acquisitions and Divestitures." Major classes of assets and liabilities of the Russian business classified as held for sale were as follows: ($ in millions) Cash and cash equivalents Trade receivables, net Inventories, net Prepaid expenses and other current assets Property, plant, and equipment, net Goodwill Total assets held for sale Less accumulated impairment (1) Total assets held for sale, net Trade payables Total current liabilities held for sale June 30, 2023 June 30, 2022 $ — $ — — — — — — — — $ — — $ 75 66 40 36 49 16 282 (90) 192 65 65 $ $ (1) Inclusive of accumulated other comprehensive loss related to the Russian business. This table excludes other non-material assets and liabilities that are held for sale but not part of the Russian business. 65 66 Amcor Annual Report 2023 Year ended June 30, 2021 Note 6 - Held for Sale FINAL FINAL Form10-K 79 Form10-K 80 As part of optimizing its portfolio under the 2019 Bemis Integration Plan, the Company completed the disposal of a non-core European hospital supplies business, which was part of the Flexibles reportable segment. The resulting gain from the sale has been recorded in the line restructuring, impairment, and other related activities, net, in the consolidated statements of income. Refer to Note 7, "Restructuring." The Company also completed the disposal of two non-core businesses in India and Argentina in the Flexibles reportable segment during the first quarter of fiscal year 2021, recording a loss on sale of $6 million recorded in the line other income, net, in the consolidated statements of income, which was primarily driven by the reclassification of cumulative translation adjustments through the income statements that had previously been recorded in other comprehensive income/(loss). The Company sold its equity investment in AMVIG Holdings Limited ("AMVIG") in the first quarter of fiscal year 2021. Refer to Note 8, "Equity Method and Other Investments." During the fourth quarter of fiscal year 2022, the Company classified the assets and liabilities of its Russian operations as held for sale as a result of the Company's decision to sell its Russian business and recorded an impairment of $90 million. On December 23, 2022, the Company completed the sale of the Russian business and derecognized the assets and liabilities previously classified as held for sale. The disposal did not represent a strategic shift that had a major effect on the Company's operations and financial results, and therefore did not qualify for reporting as a discontinued operation. The Russian business was part of the Company’s Flexibles reportable segment. For further information, refer to Note 5, "Acquisitions and Divestitures." Major classes of assets and liabilities of the Russian business classified as held for sale were as follows: ($ in millions) Cash and cash equivalents Trade receivables, net Inventories, net Prepaid expenses and other current assets Property, plant, and equipment, net Goodwill Total assets held for sale Less accumulated impairment (1) Total assets held for sale, net Trade payables Total current liabilities held for sale June 30, 2023 June 30, 2022 $ — $ — — — — — — — — $ — — $ $ $ 75 66 40 36 49 16 282 (90) 192 65 65 (1) Inclusive of accumulated other comprehensive loss related to the Russian business. This table excludes other non-material assets and liabilities that are held for sale but not part of the Russian business. 65 66 Amcor Annual Report 2023 FINAL FINAL Form10-K 81 Note 7 - Restructuring The 2018 Rigid Packaging Restructuring Plan was completed by June 30, 2021, with total pre-tax restructuring costs of $121 million, of which $78 million resulted in cash expenditures, with the main component being the cost to exit Restructuring and related expenses, net were $111 million, $96 million, and $94 million for the fiscal years ended June manufacturing facilities and employee related costs. 30, 2023, 2022, and 2021 respectively. The net expenses related to restructuring activities have been presented on the consolidated statements of income as part of restructuring, impairment, and other related activities, net. The Company's restructuring activities for the fiscal year ended June 30, 2023, primarily comprised of restructuring activities related to the 2023 Restructuring Plan (as defined below). The Company's restructuring activities for the fiscal year ended June 30, 2022, included expenses triggered by the Russia-Ukraine conflict to help mitigate the impact of the Russian sale and expenses related to the Company's 2019 plan from the integration of the acquired Bemis operations ("2019 Bemis Integration Plan"), which was substantially completed at the end of fiscal year 2022. The Company's restructuring activities for the fiscal year ended June 30, 2021, were mainly comprised of expenses related to the 2019 Bemis Integration Plan. Other Restructuring Plans The Company has entered into other restructuring plans ("Other Restructuring Plans"). The Company's restructuring charges related to these plans were $17 million, $59 million, and $6 million for the fiscal years ended June 30, 2023, 2022, and 2021, respectively. During fiscal year 2023, the Company recorded $17 million in restructuring and related expenses classified within Other Restructuring Plans of which $3 million relate to employee related expenses, $5 million to fixed asset related expenses, $5 million to other restructuring expenses, and $4 million to restructuring related expenses. During fiscal year 2022, the Company recorded $57 million in restructuring and related expenses classified within Other Restructuring Plans triggered Restructuring related expenses are directly attributable to restructuring activities; however, they do not qualify for by the Russia-Ukraine conflict to help mitigate the impact of disposed earnings from the Russian sale. special accounting treatment as exit or disposal activities. The Company believes the disclosure of restructuring related costs provides more information on its restructuring activities. Consolidated Amcor Restructuring Plans 2023 Restructuring Plan The total expenses incurred from the beginning of the Company's material restructuring plans are as follows: On February 7, 2023, the Company announced that it will allocate approximately $110 million to $130 million of the sale proceeds from the Russian business to various cost saving initiatives to partly help offset divested earnings from the Russian business (the "2023 Restructuring Plan" or the "Plan"). The Company expects the total Plan cash and non-cash net expenses to total $200 million to $220 million. The Company has initiated by the end of fiscal year 2023 projects with an expected net cost of approximately $150 million, of which $65 million relates to employee related expenses, $15 million to fixed asset related expenses (net of expected gains on asset disposals), $55 million to other restructuring expenses, and $15 million to restructuring related expenses. The projects initiated in fiscal year 2023 are expected to result in $80 million of net cash expenditures. The Plan includes both the Flexibles and Rigid Packaging reportable segments and is expected to be largely completed by the end of fiscal year 2024. During fiscal year 2023, the Company has incurred $65 million in employee related expenses, $13 million in fixed asset related expenses, $10 million in other restructuring, and $6 million in restructuring related expenses, with $86 million incurred in the Flexibles reportable segment and $8 million incurred in the Rigid Packaging reportable segment related to this Plan. In fiscal year 2023, the Plan resulted in net cash outflows of approximately $25 million. The restructuring related costs relate primarily to the closure of facilities and include startup and training costs after Integration Plan. relocation of equipment, and other costs incidental to the Plan. 2019 Bemis Integration Plan In connection with the acquisition of Bemis Company, Inc. ("Bemis"), the Company initiated restructuring activities in ($ in millions) the fourth quarter of 2019 aimed at integrating and optimizing the combined organization. The 2019 Bemis Integration Plan was completed by June 30, 2022, with a final pre-tax integration cost amounting to $253 million. The total 2019 Bemis Integration Plan cost included $213 million of restructuring and related expenses, net, and $40 million of general integration expenses. The net cash expenditures for the plan, including disposal proceeds, were $170 million, of which $40 million related to general integration expenses. As part of this Plan, the Company incurred $144 million in employee related expenses, $36 million in fixed asset related expenses, $39 million in other restructuring and $45 million in restructuring related expenses, partially offset by a gain on disposal of a business of $51 million. The restructuring related costs relate primarily to the closure of facilities and include costs to replace graphics, train new employees on relocated equipment, and losses on sale of closed facilities. 2018 Rigid Packaging Restructuring Plan On August 21, 2018, the Company announced a restructuring plan in Amcor Rigid Packaging ("2018 Rigid Packaging Restructuring Plan") aimed at reducing structural costs and optimizing the footprint. The Plan included the closures of manufacturing facilities and headcount reductions to achieve manufacturing footprint optimization and productivity improvements as well as overhead cost reductions. ($ in millions) Fiscal year 2019 Fiscal year 2020 Fiscal year 2021 Fiscal year 2022 Fiscal year 2023 2018 Rigid Packaging 2019 Bemis Plan (3) 2023 Plan (1) Other Plans (2) Total Restructuring and Related Expenses, Net Restructuring Integration Plan Restructuring Restructuring $ 64 $ 48 $ — $ 19 $ 37 20 — — 60 68 37 — — — — 94 18 6 59 17 131 115 94 96 111 547 Net expenses incurred $ 121 $ 213 $ 94 $ 119 $ (1) Fiscal year 2023 includes restructuring related costs from the 2023 Restructuring Plan of $6 million. (2) Fiscal year 2023 includes restructuring related costs of $4 million that pertain to "Other Restructuring Plans." Fiscal year 2022 includes $55 million in restructuring expenses and $2 million of restructuring related expenses that pertain to the Russia-Ukraine conflict as discussed above in section "Other Restructuring Plans." (3) Fiscal years 2022 and 2021 include $17 million and $13 million, respectively, of restructuring related costs from the 2019 Bemis An analysis of the restructuring expenses by type incurred follows: Employee related expenses Fixed asset related expenses Other expenses Gain on sale of business Total restructuring expenses, net 101 $ 77 $ Years ended June 30, 2023 2022 2021 68 $ 58 $ 18 15 — 4 15 — 76 23 34 (51) 82 $ $ 67 68 Amcor Annual Report 2023 FINAL FINAL Form10-K 81 Form10-K 82 Note 7 - Restructuring Restructuring and related expenses, net were $111 million, $96 million, and $94 million for the fiscal years ended June 30, 2023, 2022, and 2021 respectively. The net expenses related to restructuring activities have been presented on the consolidated statements of income as part of restructuring, impairment, and other related activities, net. The Company's restructuring activities for the fiscal year ended June 30, 2023, primarily comprised of restructuring activities related to the 2023 Restructuring Plan (as defined below). The Company's restructuring activities for the fiscal year ended June 30, 2022, included expenses triggered by the Russia-Ukraine conflict to help mitigate the impact of the Russian sale and expenses related to the Company's 2019 plan from the integration of the acquired Bemis operations ("2019 Bemis Integration Plan"), which was substantially completed at the end of fiscal year 2022. The Company's restructuring activities for the fiscal year ended June 30, 2021, were mainly comprised of expenses related to the 2019 Bemis Integration Plan. Restructuring related expenses are directly attributable to restructuring activities; however, they do not qualify for special accounting treatment as exit or disposal activities. The Company believes the disclosure of restructuring related costs provides more information on its restructuring activities. 2023 Restructuring Plan On February 7, 2023, the Company announced that it will allocate approximately $110 million to $130 million of the sale proceeds from the Russian business to various cost saving initiatives to partly help offset divested earnings from the Russian business (the "2023 Restructuring Plan" or the "Plan"). The Company expects the total Plan cash and non-cash net expenses to total $200 million to $220 million. The Company has initiated by the end of fiscal year 2023 projects with an expected net cost of approximately $150 million, of which $65 million relates to employee related expenses, $15 million to fixed asset related expenses (net of expected gains on asset disposals), $55 million to other restructuring expenses, and $15 million to restructuring related expenses. The projects initiated in fiscal year 2023 are expected to result in $80 million of net cash expenditures. The Plan includes both the Flexibles and Rigid Packaging reportable segments and is expected to be largely completed by the end of fiscal year 2024. During fiscal year 2023, the Company has incurred $65 million in employee related expenses, $13 million in fixed asset related expenses, $10 million in other restructuring, and $6 million in restructuring related expenses, with $86 million incurred in the Flexibles reportable segment and $8 million incurred in the Rigid Packaging reportable segment related to this Plan. In fiscal year 2023, the Plan resulted in net cash outflows of approximately $25 million. The 2018 Rigid Packaging Restructuring Plan was completed by June 30, 2021, with total pre-tax restructuring costs of $121 million, of which $78 million resulted in cash expenditures, with the main component being the cost to exit manufacturing facilities and employee related costs. Other Restructuring Plans The Company has entered into other restructuring plans ("Other Restructuring Plans"). The Company's restructuring charges related to these plans were $17 million, $59 million, and $6 million for the fiscal years ended June 30, 2023, 2022, and 2021, respectively. During fiscal year 2023, the Company recorded $17 million in restructuring and related expenses classified within Other Restructuring Plans of which $3 million relate to employee related expenses, $5 million to fixed asset related expenses, $5 million to other restructuring expenses, and $4 million to restructuring related expenses. During fiscal year 2022, the Company recorded $57 million in restructuring and related expenses classified within Other Restructuring Plans triggered by the Russia-Ukraine conflict to help mitigate the impact of disposed earnings from the Russian sale. Consolidated Amcor Restructuring Plans The total expenses incurred from the beginning of the Company's material restructuring plans are as follows: ($ in millions) Fiscal year 2019 Fiscal year 2020 Fiscal year 2021 Fiscal year 2022 Fiscal year 2023 Net expenses incurred 2018 Rigid Packaging Restructuring Plan 2019 Bemis Integration Plan (3) 2023 Restructuring Plan (1) Other Restructuring Plans (2) Total Restructuring and Related Expenses, Net $ $ 64 $ 48 $ — $ 19 $ 37 20 — — 121 $ 60 68 37 — 213 $ — — — 94 94 $ 18 6 59 17 119 $ 131 115 94 96 111 547 (1) Fiscal year 2023 includes restructuring related costs from the 2023 Restructuring Plan of $6 million. (2) Fiscal year 2023 includes restructuring related costs of $4 million that pertain to "Other Restructuring Plans." Fiscal year 2022 includes $55 million in restructuring expenses and $2 million of restructuring related expenses that pertain to the Russia-Ukraine conflict as discussed above in section "Other Restructuring Plans." (3) Fiscal years 2022 and 2021 include $17 million and $13 million, respectively, of restructuring related costs from the 2019 Bemis The restructuring related costs relate primarily to the closure of facilities and include startup and training costs after Integration Plan. An analysis of the restructuring expenses by type incurred follows: relocation of equipment, and other costs incidental to the Plan. 2019 Bemis Integration Plan In connection with the acquisition of Bemis Company, Inc. ("Bemis"), the Company initiated restructuring activities in ($ in millions) the fourth quarter of 2019 aimed at integrating and optimizing the combined organization. The 2019 Bemis Integration Plan was completed by June 30, 2022, with a final pre-tax integration cost amounting to $253 million. The total 2019 Bemis Integration Plan cost included $213 million of restructuring and related expenses, net, and $40 million of general integration expenses. The net cash expenditures for the plan, including disposal proceeds, were $170 million, of which $40 million related to general integration expenses. As part of this Plan, the Company incurred $144 million in employee related expenses, $36 million in fixed asset related expenses, $39 million in other restructuring and $45 million in restructuring related expenses, partially offset by a gain on disposal of a business of $51 million. The restructuring related costs relate primarily to the closure of facilities and include costs to replace graphics, train new employees on relocated equipment, and losses on sale of closed facilities. 2018 Rigid Packaging Restructuring Plan On August 21, 2018, the Company announced a restructuring plan in Amcor Rigid Packaging ("2018 Rigid Packaging Restructuring Plan") aimed at reducing structural costs and optimizing the footprint. The Plan included the closures of manufacturing facilities and headcount reductions to achieve manufacturing footprint optimization and productivity improvements as well as overhead cost reductions. Employee related expenses Fixed asset related expenses Other expenses Gain on sale of business Total restructuring expenses, net 67 68 Years ended June 30, 2022 2021 2023 68 $ 58 $ 18 15 — 101 $ 4 15 — 77 $ 76 23 34 (51) 82 $ $ Amcor Annual Report 2023 FINAL FINAL Form10-K 83 An analysis of the Company's restructuring plan liability, not including restructuring related liabilities, is as follows: Note 8 - Equity Method and Other Investments ($ in millions) Liability balance at June 30, 2020 $ Net charges to earnings Cash paid Non-cash and other Foreign currency translation Liability balance at June 30, 2021 Net charges to earnings Cash (paid)/received, net Non-cash and other Foreign currency translation Liability balance at June 30, 2022 Net charges to earnings Cash paid Non-cash and other Foreign currency translation Employee Costs Fixed Asset Related Costs Other Costs Total Restructuring Costs 70 $ 76 (61) (9) 2 78 58 (27) (3) (9) 97 68 (42) — 3 3 $ 23 (5) (23) 2 — 4 4 (5) — 3 18 — (18) — 3 $ 12 $ 34 (30) — 1 17 15 (14) — — 18 15 (13) — 1 21 $ 85 133 (96) (32) 5 95 77 (37) (8) (9) 118 101 (55) (18) 4 150 Liability balance at June 30, 2023 $ 126 $ As of June 30, 2023, and 2022, the Company has invested $89 million and $22 million, respectively, in multiple equity and other investments. All of the investments are individually immaterial, with the Company's largest equity investment of $33 million in ePac Holdings, LLC ("ePac") representing an ownership of 18.9%. The Company's investment in ePac is accounted for under the equity method. All investments are included in other non-current assets in the Company's consolidated balance sheets. While immaterial in fiscal year 2023, the Company accounts for its share in ePac's net income in equity in income of affiliated companies, net of tax in the consolidated statements of income, with a three month lag due to the availability of financial information. The Company received no dividends from its equity method investments in the fiscal years ended June 30, 2023, and 2022. In fiscal year 2021, the Company received dividends of $4 million from its equity method investments. The Company sold its equity method investment in AMVIG Holdings Limited ("AMVIG"), where it had held a 47.6% interest, on September 30, 2020, realizing a net gain of $15 million, which was recorded in equity in income of affiliated companies, net of tax in the consolidated statements of income. The Company expects the majority of the liability for employee, fixed assets related, and other costs as of June 30, 2023, to be paid within the next twelve months. The accruals related to restructuring activities have been recorded on the consolidated balance sheets under other current liabilities and other non-current liabilities. 69 70 Amcor Annual Report 2023 An analysis of the Company's restructuring plan liability, not including restructuring related liabilities, is as follows: Note 8 - Equity Method and Other Investments FINAL FINAL Form10-K 83 Form10-K 84 As of June 30, 2023, and 2022, the Company has invested $89 million and $22 million, respectively, in multiple equity and other investments. All of the investments are individually immaterial, with the Company's largest equity investment of $33 million in ePac Holdings, LLC ("ePac") representing an ownership of 18.9%. The Company's investment in ePac is accounted for under the equity method. All investments are included in other non-current assets in the Company's consolidated balance sheets. While immaterial in fiscal year 2023, the Company accounts for its share in ePac's net income in equity in income of affiliated companies, net of tax in the consolidated statements of income, with a three month lag due to the availability of financial information. The Company received no dividends from its equity method investments in the fiscal years ended June 30, 2023, and 2022. In fiscal year 2021, the Company received dividends of $4 million from its equity method investments. The Company sold its equity method investment in AMVIG Holdings Limited ("AMVIG"), where it had held a 47.6% interest, on September 30, 2020, realizing a net gain of $15 million, which was recorded in equity in income of affiliated companies, net of tax in the consolidated statements of income. Liability balance at June 30, 2020 $ 3 $ 12 $ Employee Costs Fixed Asset Related Costs Other Costs Restructuring Total Costs ($ in millions) Net charges to earnings Cash paid Non-cash and other Foreign currency translation Liability balance at June 30, 2021 Net charges to earnings Cash (paid)/received, net Non-cash and other Foreign currency translation Liability balance at June 30, 2022 Net charges to earnings Cash paid Non-cash and other Foreign currency translation 70 $ 76 (61) (9) 2 78 58 97 68 — 3 (27) (3) (9) (42) 23 (5) (23) (5) 2 — 4 4 — 3 18 — — (18) (30) 34 — 1 17 15 — — 18 15 — 1 (14) (13) 85 133 (96) (32) 5 95 77 (37) (8) (9) 118 101 (55) (18) 4 150 Liability balance at June 30, 2023 $ 126 $ 3 $ 21 $ The Company expects the majority of the liability for employee, fixed assets related, and other costs as of June 30, 2023, to be paid within the next twelve months. The accruals related to restructuring activities have been recorded on the consolidated balance sheets under other current liabilities and other non-current liabilities. 69 70 Amcor Annual Report 2023 FINAL FINAL Form10-K 85 Note 9 - Property, Plant, and Equipment, Net Note 10 - Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets The components of property, plant, and equipment, net, were as follows: Changes in the carrying amount of goodwill attributable to each reportable segment were as follows: ($ in millions) Land and land improvements Buildings and improvements Plant and equipment Total property, plant, and equipment Accumulated depreciation Accumulated impairment June 30, 2023 June 30, 2022 $ 203 $ 1,483 6,084 7,770 (3,963) (45) 201 1,323 5,797 7,321 (3,617) (58) Total property, plant, and equipment, net $ 3,762 $ 3,646 Depreciation expense amounted to $395 million, $398 million, and $389 million for fiscal years 2023, 2022, and 2021, respectively. Amortization of assets under finance leases is included in depreciation expense. ($ in millions) Balance as of June 30, 2021 Held for sale reclassification (1) Foreign currency translation Balance as of June 30, 2022 Disposals (1) Foreign currency translation Balance as of June 30, 2023 Acquisitions and acquisition adjustments (2) Flexibles Segment $ 4,437 $ Rigid Packaging Segment Total (16) (114) 4,307 98 (30) 16 $ 4,391 $ 982 $ — (4) 978 — — (3) 975 $ 5,419 (16) (118) 5,285 98 (30) 13 5,366 (1) As of June 30, 2022, $16 million of goodwill attributable to the Russian business was classified as assets held for sale, net. When the business was disposed on December 23, 2022, an additional $30 million of goodwill was allocated and disposed of. For further information, refer to Note 5, "Acquisitions and Divestitures," and Note 6, "Held for Sale." (2) Acquisitions and acquisition adjustments are detailed in Note 5, "Acquisitions and Divestitures." Other Intangible Assets, Net Other intangible assets, net is comprised of the following: ($ in millions) Customer relationships Computer software Other (2) Total other intangible assets ($ in millions) Customer relationships Computer software Other (2) Total other intangible assets Gross Carrying Amount Net Carrying Amount June 30, 2023 Accumulated Amortization and Impairment (1) $ $ $ $ Gross Carrying Amount Net Carrying Amount June 30, 2022 Accumulated Amortization and Impairment (1) 1,987 $ 261 327 2,575 $ 1,970 $ 235 323 2,528 $ (660) $ (185) (206) (1,051) $ (529) $ (162) (180) (871) $ 1,327 76 121 1,524 1,441 73 143 1,657 (1) Accumulated amortization and impairment included $34 million and $33 million for June 30, 2023, and 2022, respectively, of accumulated impairment in the Other category. (2) Other included $17 million and $16 million for June 30, 2023, and 2022, respectively, of acquired intellectual property assets not yet being amortized as the related research and development projects have not yet been completed. Amortization expense for intangible assets during the fiscal years 2023, 2022, and 2021 was $174 million, $180 million, and $182 million, respectively. During the last three fiscal years, there were no impairment charges recorded on intangible assets. 71 72 Amcor Annual Report 2023 FINAL FINAL Form10-K 85 Form10-K 86 Note 9 - Property, Plant, and Equipment, Net Note 10 - Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets The components of property, plant, and equipment, net, were as follows: Changes in the carrying amount of goodwill attributable to each reportable segment were as follows: ($ in millions) Land and land improvements Buildings and improvements Plant and equipment Total property, plant, and equipment Accumulated depreciation Accumulated impairment June 30, 2023 June 30, 2022 $ 203 $ 1,483 6,084 7,770 (3,963) (45) 201 1,323 5,797 7,321 (3,617) (58) Total property, plant, and equipment, net $ 3,762 $ 3,646 Depreciation expense amounted to $395 million, $398 million, and $389 million for fiscal years 2023, 2022, and 2021, respectively. Amortization of assets under finance leases is included in depreciation expense. ($ in millions) Balance as of June 30, 2021 Held for sale reclassification (1) Foreign currency translation Balance as of June 30, 2022 Acquisitions and acquisition adjustments (2) Disposals (1) Foreign currency translation Balance as of June 30, 2023 Flexibles Segment $ 4,437 $ (16) (114) 4,307 98 (30) 16 4,391 $ $ Rigid Packaging Segment Total 982 $ — (4) 978 — — (3) 975 $ 5,419 (16) (118) 5,285 98 (30) 13 5,366 (1) As of June 30, 2022, $16 million of goodwill attributable to the Russian business was classified as assets held for sale, net. When the business was disposed on December 23, 2022, an additional $30 million of goodwill was allocated and disposed of. For further information, refer to Note 5, "Acquisitions and Divestitures," and Note 6, "Held for Sale." (2) Acquisitions and acquisition adjustments are detailed in Note 5, "Acquisitions and Divestitures." Other Intangible Assets, Net Other intangible assets, net is comprised of the following: ($ in millions) Customer relationships Computer software Other (2) Total other intangible assets ($ in millions) Customer relationships Computer software Other (2) Total other intangible assets Gross Carrying Amount June 30, 2023 Accumulated Amortization and Impairment (1) Net Carrying Amount 1,987 $ 261 327 2,575 $ (660) $ (185) (206) (1,051) $ 1,327 76 121 1,524 Gross Carrying Amount June 30, 2022 Accumulated Amortization and Impairment (1) Net Carrying Amount 1,970 $ 235 323 2,528 $ (529) $ (162) (180) (871) $ 1,441 73 143 1,657 $ $ $ $ (1) Accumulated amortization and impairment included $34 million and $33 million for June 30, 2023, and 2022, respectively, of accumulated impairment in the Other category. (2) Other included $17 million and $16 million for June 30, 2023, and 2022, respectively, of acquired intellectual property assets not yet being amortized as the related research and development projects have not yet been completed. Amortization expense for intangible assets during the fiscal years 2023, 2022, and 2021 was $174 million, $180 million, and $182 million, respectively. During the last three fiscal years, there were no impairment charges recorded on intangible assets. 71 72 Amcor Annual Report 2023 FINAL FINAL Form10-K 87 Estimated future amortization expense for intangible assets is as follows: Note 11 - Fair Value Measurements ($ in millions) Fiscal year 2024 Fiscal year 2025 Fiscal year 2026 Fiscal year 2027 Fiscal year 2028 Amortization $ 173 159 156 141 141 The fair values of the Company's financial assets and financial liabilities listed below reflect the amounts that would be received to sell the assets or paid to transfer the liabilities in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date (exit price). The Company's non-derivative financial instruments primarily include cash and cash equivalents, trade receivables, trade payables, short-term debt, and long-term debt. At June 30, 2023, and 2022, the carrying value of these financial instruments, excluding long-term debt, approximated fair value because of the short-term nature of these instruments. Fair value disclosures are classified based on the fair value hierarchy. See Note 2, "Significant Accounting Policies," for information about the Company's fair value hierarchy. The carrying value of long-term debt with variable interest rates approximates its fair value. The fair value of the Company's long-term debt with fixed interest rates is based on market prices, if available, or expected future cash flows discounted at the current interest rate for financial liabilities with similar risk profiles. The carrying values and estimated fair values of long-term debt with fixed interest rates (excluding the fair value of designated receive-fixed/pay variable rate swaps) were as follows: ($ in millions) Total long-term debt with fixed interest rates (excluding commercial paper (1) and finance leases) June 30, 2023 June 30, 2022 Carrying Value Fair Value (Level 2) Carrying Value Fair Value (Level 2) $ 4,123 $ 3,844 $ 3,952 $ 3,694 (1) As of June 30, 2023, and 2022, the Company has entered into interest rate swap contracts for a total notional amount of commercial paper equal to $1.2 billion and nil, respectively. These contracts are considered to be economic hedges and the related $1.2 billion notional amount of commercial paper is also excluded from the total long-term debt with fixed interest rates. Assets and Liabilities Measured and Recorded at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis Additionally, the Company measures and records certain assets and liabilities, including derivative instruments and contingent purchase consideration liabilities, at fair value. The following table summarizes the fair value of these instruments, which are measured at fair value on a recurring basis, by level, within the fair value hierarchy: ($ in millions) Assets Forward exchange contracts Interest rate swaps Liabilities Commodity contracts Forward exchange contracts Interest rate swaps Total assets measured at fair value — $ 19 $ — $ Contingent purchase consideration liabilities — $ — $ 46 $ Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Total June 30, 2023 — — — — — $ $ $ 3 16 2 5 96 — — — — — 3 16 19 46 2 5 96 149 Total liabilities measured at fair value — $ 103 $ 46 $ 73 74 Amcor Annual Report 2023 Estimated future amortization expense for intangible assets is as follows: Note 11 - Fair Value Measurements FINAL FINAL Form10-K 87 Form10-K 88 ($ in millions) Fiscal year 2024 Fiscal year 2025 Fiscal year 2026 Fiscal year 2027 Fiscal year 2028 Amortization $ 173 159 156 141 141 The fair values of the Company's financial assets and financial liabilities listed below reflect the amounts that would be received to sell the assets or paid to transfer the liabilities in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date (exit price). The Company's non-derivative financial instruments primarily include cash and cash equivalents, trade receivables, trade payables, short-term debt, and long-term debt. At June 30, 2023, and 2022, the carrying value of these financial instruments, excluding long-term debt, approximated fair value because of the short-term nature of these instruments. Fair value disclosures are classified based on the fair value hierarchy. See Note 2, "Significant Accounting Policies," for information about the Company's fair value hierarchy. The carrying value of long-term debt with variable interest rates approximates its fair value. The fair value of the Company's long-term debt with fixed interest rates is based on market prices, if available, or expected future cash flows discounted at the current interest rate for financial liabilities with similar risk profiles. The carrying values and estimated fair values of long-term debt with fixed interest rates (excluding the fair value of designated receive-fixed/pay variable rate swaps) were as follows: ($ in millions) Total long-term debt with fixed interest rates (excluding commercial paper (1) and finance leases) June 30, 2023 June 30, 2022 Carrying Value Fair Value (Level 2) Carrying Value Fair Value (Level 2) $ 4,123 $ 3,844 $ 3,952 $ 3,694 (1) As of June 30, 2023, and 2022, the Company has entered into interest rate swap contracts for a total notional amount of commercial paper equal to $1.2 billion and nil, respectively. These contracts are considered to be economic hedges and the related $1.2 billion notional amount of commercial paper is also excluded from the total long-term debt with fixed interest rates. Assets and Liabilities Measured and Recorded at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis Additionally, the Company measures and records certain assets and liabilities, including derivative instruments and contingent purchase consideration liabilities, at fair value. The following table summarizes the fair value of these instruments, which are measured at fair value on a recurring basis, by level, within the fair value hierarchy: ($ in millions) Assets Forward exchange contracts Interest rate swaps Total assets measured at fair value Liabilities Contingent purchase consideration liabilities Commodity contracts Forward exchange contracts Interest rate swaps Total liabilities measured at fair value $ $ $ Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Total June 30, 2023 — — 3 16 — — — $ 19 $ — $ — $ — $ 46 $ — — — 2 5 96 — — — — $ 103 $ 46 $ 3 16 19 46 2 5 96 149 73 74 Amcor Annual Report 2023 FINAL FINAL Form10-K 89 ($ in millions) Assets Commodity contracts Forward exchange contracts Total assets measured at fair value Liabilities Contingent purchase consideration liabilities Commodity contracts Forward exchange contracts Interest rate swaps Total liabilities measured at fair value $ $ $ $ Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Total June 30, 2022 available, and may include quoted market prices, market comparables, and discounted cash flow projections. These nonrecurring fair value measurements are considered to be Level 3 in the fair value hierarchy. — $ — — $ 6 $ 7 13 $ — $ — — $ — $ — $ 16 $ — — — 3 17 69 — — — — $ 89 $ 16 $ 6 7 13 16 3 17 69 105 As further discussed in Note 6, “Held for Sale,” during the fourth quarter of fiscal year 2022, the Company met the criteria to recognize the related assets and liabilities of its Russian operations as held for sale which resulted in the Company remeasuring the disposal group at its fair value, less cost to sell, which is considered a Level 3 fair value measurement. In addition, resulting from the effective disposal of non-core businesses during the fiscal year ended June 30, 2022, the Company recorded a total loss of $34 million, predominantly to adjust the long-lived assets to their fair value less cost to sell. Of these losses, $24 million are included within restructuring, impairment, and other related activities, net as relating to the Russia-Ukraine conflict with the balance recorded in other income, net in the consolidated statements of income. During the fiscal year ended June 30, 2022, further long-lived assets with a carrying value of $12 million were written down to a fair value of zero as the Company's Durban, South Africa, manufacturing facility was destroyed in a fire as the result of general civil unrest. In addition, during the fiscal year ended June 30, 2022, other long-lived assets in South Africa, with a carrying amount of $8 million, were written down to their estimated fair value of $4 million using level 3 inputs. These expenses are included within other income, net in the consolidated statements of income. The fair value of the commodity contracts was determined using a discounted cash flow analysis based on the terms of the contracts and observed market forward prices discounted at a currency specific rate. Forward exchange contract fair values were determined based on quoted prices for similar assets and liabilities in active markets using inputs such as currency rates and forward points. The fair value of the interest rate swaps was determined using a discounted cash flow method based on market-based swap yield curves, taking into account current interest rates. Contingent purchase consideration liabilities arise from business acquisitions and other investments. As of June 30, 2023, the Company has contingent purchase consideration liabilities of $46 million, mainly consisting of $33 million of contingent consideration relating to current period acquisitions (refer to Note 5, "Acquisitions and Divestitures") and a $10 million liability that is contingent on future royalty income generated by Discma AG, a subsidiary acquired in March 2017. The fair value of the contingent purchase consideration liabilities was determined for each arrangement individually. The fair value was determined using an income approach with significant inputs that are not observable in the market. Key assumptions include the selection of discount rates consistent with the level of risk of achievement and probability adjusted financial projections. The expected outcomes are recorded at net present value, which require adjustment over the life for changes in risks and probabilities. Changes arising from modifications in forecasts related to contingent consideration are expected to be immaterial. The fair value of contingent purchase consideration liabilities is included in other current liabilities and other non- current liabilities in the consolidated balance sheets. The change in fair value of the contingent purchase consideration liabilities, which was included in other income, net is due to the passage of time and changes in the probability of achievement used to develop the estimate. The following table sets forth a summary of changes in the value of the Company's Level 3 financial liabilities: ($ in millions) Fair value at the beginning of the year Additions due to acquisitions Change in fair value of Level 3 liabilities Payments Foreign currency translation Fair value at the end of the year June 30, 2023 2022 $ $ 16 $ 33 (2) — (1) 46 $ 18 — — (1) (1) 16 Assets and Liabilities Measured and Recorded at Fair Value on a Nonrecurring Basis In addition to assets and liabilities that are recorded at fair value on a recurring basis, the Company records certain assets at fair value on a nonrecurring basis, generally when events or changes in circumstances indicate the carrying value may not be recoverable, or when they are deemed to be other than temporarily impaired. These assets include goodwill and other intangible assets, equity method and other investments, long-lived assets and disposal groups held for sale, and other long-lived assets. The fair values of these assets are determined, when applicable, based on valuation techniques using the best information 75 76 Amcor Annual Report 2023 FINAL FINAL Form10-K 89 Form10-K 90 ($ in millions) Assets Commodity contracts Forward exchange contracts Total assets measured at fair value Liabilities Commodity contracts Forward exchange contracts Interest rate swaps Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Total June 30, 2022 available, and may include quoted market prices, market comparables, and discounted cash flow projections. These nonrecurring fair value measurements are considered to be Level 3 in the fair value hierarchy. $ $ $ $ — $ — — $ 6 $ 7 13 $ — $ — — $ — — — 3 17 69 — — — 6 7 13 16 3 17 69 105 As further discussed in Note 6, “Held for Sale,” during the fourth quarter of fiscal year 2022, the Company met the criteria to recognize the related assets and liabilities of its Russian operations as held for sale which resulted in the Company remeasuring the disposal group at its fair value, less cost to sell, which is considered a Level 3 fair value measurement. In addition, resulting from the effective disposal of non-core businesses during the fiscal year ended June 30, 2022, the Company recorded a total loss of $34 million, predominantly to adjust the long-lived assets to their fair value less cost to sell. Of these losses, $24 million are included within restructuring, impairment, and other related activities, net as relating to the Russia-Ukraine conflict with the balance recorded in other income, net in the consolidated statements of income. During the fiscal year ended June 30, 2022, further long-lived assets with a carrying value of $12 million were written down to a fair value of zero as the Company's Durban, South Africa, manufacturing facility was destroyed in a fire as the result of general civil unrest. In addition, during the fiscal year ended June 30, 2022, other long-lived assets in South Africa, with a carrying amount of $8 million, were written down to their estimated fair value of $4 million using level 3 inputs. These expenses are included within other income, net in the consolidated statements of income. Contingent purchase consideration liabilities — $ — $ 16 $ Total liabilities measured at fair value — $ 89 $ 16 $ The fair value of the commodity contracts was determined using a discounted cash flow analysis based on the terms of the contracts and observed market forward prices discounted at a currency specific rate. Forward exchange contract fair values were determined based on quoted prices for similar assets and liabilities in active markets using inputs such as currency rates and forward points. The fair value of the interest rate swaps was determined using a discounted cash flow method based on market-based swap yield curves, taking into account current interest rates. Contingent purchase consideration liabilities arise from business acquisitions and other investments. As of June 30, 2023, the Company has contingent purchase consideration liabilities of $46 million, mainly consisting of $33 million of contingent consideration relating to current period acquisitions (refer to Note 5, "Acquisitions and Divestitures") and a $10 million liability that is contingent on future royalty income generated by Discma AG, a subsidiary acquired in March 2017. The fair value of the contingent purchase consideration liabilities was determined for each arrangement individually. The fair value was determined using an income approach with significant inputs that are not observable in the market. Key assumptions include the selection of discount rates consistent with the level of risk of achievement and probability adjusted financial projections. The expected outcomes are recorded at net present value, which require adjustment over the life for changes in risks and probabilities. Changes arising from modifications in forecasts related to contingent consideration are expected to be immaterial. The fair value of contingent purchase consideration liabilities is included in other current liabilities and other non- current liabilities in the consolidated balance sheets. The change in fair value of the contingent purchase consideration liabilities, which was included in other income, net is due to the passage of time and changes in the probability of achievement used to develop the estimate. The following table sets forth a summary of changes in the value of the Company's Level 3 financial liabilities: ($ in millions) Fair value at the beginning of the year Additions due to acquisitions Change in fair value of Level 3 liabilities Payments Foreign currency translation Fair value at the end of the year June 30, 2023 2022 $ $ 16 $ 33 (2) — (1) 46 $ 18 — — (1) (1) 16 Assets and Liabilities Measured and Recorded at Fair Value on a Nonrecurring Basis In addition to assets and liabilities that are recorded at fair value on a recurring basis, the Company records certain assets at fair value on a nonrecurring basis, generally when events or changes in circumstances indicate the carrying value may not be recoverable, or when they are deemed to be other than temporarily impaired. These assets include goodwill and other intangible assets, equity method and other investments, long-lived assets and disposal groups held for sale, and other long-lived assets. The fair values of these assets are determined, when applicable, based on valuation techniques using the best information 75 76 Amcor Annual Report 2023 FINAL FINAL Form10-K 91 Note 12 - Derivative Instruments The Company periodically uses derivatives and other financial instruments to hedge exposures to interest rate, benefit is passed through to customers. Information about commodity price exposure is derived from supply forecasts submitted commodity price, and currency risks. The Company does not hold or issue derivative instruments for speculative or trading purposes. For hedges that meet the hedge accounting criteria, the Company, at inception, formally designates and documents the instruments as a fair value hedge or a cash flow hedge of a specific underlying exposure. On an ongoing basis, the Company assesses and documents that its hedges have been and are expected to continue to be highly effective. Interest Rate Risk The Company's policy is to manage exposure to interest rate risk by maintaining a mixture of fixed-rate and variable- rate debt, monitoring global interest rates, and, where appropriate, hedging floating interest rate exposure or debt at fixed interest rates through various interest rate derivative instruments, including, but not limited to, interest rate swaps, cross- currency interest rate swaps, and interest rate locks. For interest rate swaps that are accounted for as fair value hedges, the gains and losses related to the changes in the fair value of the interest rate swaps are included in interest expense and offset changes in the fair value of the hedged portion of the underlying debt that are attributable to the changes in market interest rates. Changes in the fair value of interest rate swaps that have not been designated as hedging instruments are reported in the accompanying consolidated statements of income in other income, net. In October 2022, the Company entered into interest rate swap contracts for a total notional amount of $1.25 billion. Under the terms of the contracts, the Company paid a weighted-average fixed rate of interest of 4.53% and received a variable rate of interest, based on compound overnight SOFR, for the period from November 2022 through June 2023, settled monthly. In March 2023, the Company entered into interest rate swap contracts for a total notional amount of $1.2 billion. Under the terms of the contracts, the Company will pay a weighted-average fixed interest rate of 3.88% and receives a variable rate of interest, based on 1-month Term SOFR, from July 2023 through June 2024, settled monthly. As of June 30, 2023, the Company had no other receive-variable/pay-fixed interest rate swaps than those listed above. As of June 30, 2022, the Company had no receive-variable/pay-fixed interest rate swaps. Although the Company is not applying hedge accounting, the Company believes that these economic hedging instruments are effective in protecting the Company against the risks of changes in the variable interest rate on a portion of its forecasted commercial paper issuances. As of June 30, 2023, and 2022, the total notional amount of the Company's receive-fixed/pay-variable interest rate swaps was $650 million. Foreign Currency Risk The Company manufactures and sells its products and finances operations in a number of countries throughout the world and, as a result, is exposed to movements in foreign currency exchange rates. The purpose of the Company's foreign currency hedging program is to manage the volatility associated with the changes in exchange rates. To manage this exchange rate risk, the Company utilizes forward contracts. Contracts that qualify for hedge accounting are designated as cash flow hedges of certain forecasted transactions denominated in foreign currencies. The effective portion of the changes in fair value of these instruments is reported in accumulated other comprehensive loss ("AOCI") and reclassified into earnings in the same financial statement line item and in the same period or periods during which the related hedged transactions affect earnings. The ineffective portion is recognized in earnings over the life of the hedging relationship in the same consolidated statements of income line item as the underlying hedged item. Changes in the fair value of forward contracts that have not been designated as hedging instruments are reported in the accompanying consolidated statements of income. As of June 30, 2023, and 2022, the notional amount of the outstanding forward contracts was $0.5 billion and $1.0 billion, respectively. Commodity Risk Certain raw materials used in the Company's production processes are subject to price volatility caused by weather, supply conditions, political and economic variables, and other unpredictable factors. The Company's policy is to minimize exposure to price volatility by passing through the commodity price risk to customers, including through the use of fixed price swaps. 77 78 In some cases, the Company purchases, on behalf of customers, fixed price commodity swaps to offset the exposure of price volatility on the underlying sales contracts. These instruments are cash closed out on maturity and the related cost or by customers and these exposures are hedged by central treasury units. Changes in the fair value of commodity hedges are recognized in AOCI. The cumulative amount of the hedge is recognized in the consolidated statements of income when the forecasted transaction is realized. The Company had the following outstanding commodity contracts to hedge forecasted purchases: June 30, 2023 June 30, 2022 Volume Volume 14,325 tons 17,040 tons 0 lbs. 16,886,520 lbs. The following table provides the location of derivative instruments in the consolidated balance sheets: Balance Sheet Location June 30, 2023 June 30, 2022 Commodity Aluminum PET resin ($ in millions) Assets Derivatives in cash flow hedging relationships: Commodity contracts Forward exchange contracts Forward exchange contracts Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments: Forward exchange contracts Interest rate swaps Total current derivative contracts Total non-current derivative contracts Total derivative asset contracts Liabilities Derivatives in cash flow hedging relationships: Commodity contracts Forward exchange contracts Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments: Forward exchange contracts Total current derivative contracts Derivatives in cash flow hedging relationships: Other current assets $ — $ Other current assets Assets held for sale, net Other current assets Other current assets $ 19 $ Other current liabilities $ 2 $ Other current liabilities Other current liabilities 2 — 1 16 19 — 3 1 6 1 96 97 6 3 3 1 — 13 — 13 3 5 11 19 1 69 70 89 Forward exchange contracts Other non-current liabilities Derivatives in fair value hedging relationships: Interest rate swaps Other non-current liabilities Total non-current derivative contracts Total derivative liability contracts $ 103 $ Certain derivative financial instruments are subject to netting arrangements and are eligible for offset. The Company has made an accounting policy election not to offset the fair values of these instruments within the consolidated balance sheets. Amcor Annual Report 2023 Note 12 - Derivative Instruments The Company periodically uses derivatives and other financial instruments to hedge exposures to interest rate, commodity price, and currency risks. The Company does not hold or issue derivative instruments for speculative or trading purposes. For hedges that meet the hedge accounting criteria, the Company, at inception, formally designates and documents the instruments as a fair value hedge or a cash flow hedge of a specific underlying exposure. On an ongoing basis, the Company assesses and documents that its hedges have been and are expected to continue to be highly effective. Interest Rate Risk The Company's policy is to manage exposure to interest rate risk by maintaining a mixture of fixed-rate and variable- rate debt, monitoring global interest rates, and, where appropriate, hedging floating interest rate exposure or debt at fixed interest rates through various interest rate derivative instruments, including, but not limited to, interest rate swaps, cross- currency interest rate swaps, and interest rate locks. For interest rate swaps that are accounted for as fair value hedges, the gains and losses related to the changes in the fair value of the interest rate swaps are included in interest expense and offset changes in the fair value of the hedged portion of the underlying debt that are attributable to the changes in market interest rates. Changes in the fair value of interest rate swaps that have not been designated as hedging instruments are reported in the accompanying consolidated statements of income in other income, net. In October 2022, the Company entered into interest rate swap contracts for a total notional amount of $1.25 billion. Under the terms of the contracts, the Company paid a weighted-average fixed rate of interest of 4.53% and received a variable rate of interest, based on compound overnight SOFR, for the period from November 2022 through June 2023, settled monthly. In March 2023, the Company entered into interest rate swap contracts for a total notional amount of $1.2 billion. Under the terms of the contracts, the Company will pay a weighted-average fixed interest rate of 3.88% and receives a variable rate of interest, based on 1-month Term SOFR, from July 2023 through June 2024, settled monthly. As of June 30, 2023, the Company had no other receive-variable/pay-fixed interest rate swaps than those listed above. As of June 30, 2022, the Company had no receive-variable/pay-fixed interest rate swaps. Although the Company is not applying hedge accounting, the Company believes that these economic hedging instruments are effective in protecting the Company against the risks of changes in the variable interest rate on a portion of its forecasted commercial paper issuances. As of June 30, 2023, and 2022, the total notional amount of the Company's receive-fixed/pay-variable interest rate swaps was $650 million. Foreign Currency Risk The Company manufactures and sells its products and finances operations in a number of countries throughout the world and, as a result, is exposed to movements in foreign currency exchange rates. The purpose of the Company's foreign currency hedging program is to manage the volatility associated with the changes in exchange rates. To manage this exchange rate risk, the Company utilizes forward contracts. Contracts that qualify for hedge accounting are designated as cash flow hedges of certain forecasted transactions denominated in foreign currencies. The effective portion of the changes in fair value of these instruments is reported in accumulated other comprehensive loss ("AOCI") and reclassified into earnings in the same financial statement line item and in the same period or periods during which the related hedged transactions affect earnings. The ineffective portion is recognized in earnings over the life of the hedging relationship in the same consolidated statements of income line item as the underlying hedged item. Changes in the fair value of forward contracts that have not been designated as hedging instruments are reported in the accompanying consolidated As of June 30, 2023, and 2022, the notional amount of the outstanding forward contracts was $0.5 billion and $1.0 Certain raw materials used in the Company's production processes are subject to price volatility caused by weather, supply conditions, political and economic variables, and other unpredictable factors. The Company's policy is to minimize exposure to price volatility by passing through the commodity price risk to customers, including through the use of fixed price statements of income. billion, respectively. Commodity Risk swaps. FINAL FINAL Form10-K 91 Form10-K 92 In some cases, the Company purchases, on behalf of customers, fixed price commodity swaps to offset the exposure of price volatility on the underlying sales contracts. These instruments are cash closed out on maturity and the related cost or benefit is passed through to customers. Information about commodity price exposure is derived from supply forecasts submitted by customers and these exposures are hedged by central treasury units. Changes in the fair value of commodity hedges are recognized in AOCI. The cumulative amount of the hedge is recognized in the consolidated statements of income when the forecasted transaction is realized. The Company had the following outstanding commodity contracts to hedge forecasted purchases: Commodity Aluminum PET resin June 30, 2023 Volume June 30, 2022 Volume 14,325 tons 17,040 tons 0 lbs. 16,886,520 lbs. The following table provides the location of derivative instruments in the consolidated balance sheets: Balance Sheet Location June 30, 2023 June 30, 2022 ($ in millions) Assets Derivatives in cash flow hedging relationships: Commodity contracts Forward exchange contracts Forward exchange contracts Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments: Forward exchange contracts Interest rate swaps Total current derivative contracts Total non-current derivative contracts Total derivative asset contracts Liabilities Derivatives in cash flow hedging relationships: Commodity contracts Forward exchange contracts Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments: Forward exchange contracts Total current derivative contracts Derivatives in cash flow hedging relationships: Other current assets Other current assets Assets held for sale, net Other current assets Other current assets $ — $ 2 — 1 16 19 — $ 19 $ Other current liabilities $ 2 $ Other current liabilities Other current liabilities 3 1 6 1 96 97 $ 103 $ 6 3 3 1 — 13 — 13 3 5 11 19 1 69 70 89 Forward exchange contracts Other non-current liabilities Derivatives in fair value hedging relationships: Interest rate swaps Other non-current liabilities Total non-current derivative contracts Total derivative liability contracts Certain derivative financial instruments are subject to netting arrangements and are eligible for offset. The Company has made an accounting policy election not to offset the fair values of these instruments within the consolidated balance sheets. 77 78 Amcor Annual Report 2023 The Company sponsors both funded and unfunded defined benefit pension plans that include a statutory and mandated benefit provision in various countries as well as voluntary plans (generally closed to new joiners). During fiscal year 2023, the Company maintained approximately 20 statutory and mandated defined benefit arrangements and approximately 50 voluntary defined benefit plans. The Company’s principal defined benefit plans are in the United States, Switzerland, United Kingdom, and Germany. The majority of the principal defined benefit plans are closed to new entrants and future accruals, and the majority of these plans are funded. During the fourth quarter of fiscal year 2023, Amcor announced a plan termination date of July 31, 2023, for one of the Company's closed principal defined benefit plans in the United States (the "U.S. Plan"). Benefit obligations related to the U.S. Plan of $265 million are expected to be distributed through a combination of lump sum payments to eligible plan participants who elect such payments, and through the purchase of group annuity contracts for the remaining participants. The U.S. Plan's benefit obligations as of June 30, 2023 were determined on a plan termination basis, assuming that a portion of eligible active and deferred vested participants will elect lump sum payments. The U.S. Plan is expected to have sufficient plan assets to satisfy the majority of the transaction obligations. Distributions are expected to begin in fiscal year 2025, which will likely trigger settlement accounting. During the second quarter of fiscal year 2022, the Company contracted with Pacific Life Insurance Company to purchase a group annuity contract and transfer $186 million of its pension plan assets and related benefit obligations related to three principal defined benefit plans in the United States. This transaction required a remeasurement of the pension plan assets and obligations and resulted in the recognition of a $3 million non-cash pension settlement loss in fiscal year 2022. Net periodic benefit cost for benefit plans includes the following components: ($ in millions) Service cost Interest cost Expected return on plan assets Amortization of net loss Amortization of prior service credit Curtailment credit Settlement costs Net periodic benefit cost Years ended June 30, 2023 2022 2021 $ 13 $ 24 $ 49 (55) 2 (3) — 5 39 (61) 5 (3) — 8 $ 11 $ 12 $ 27 40 (60) 8 (2) (1) 3 15 FINAL FINAL Form10-K 93 The following tables provide the effects of derivative instruments on AOCI and in the consolidated statements of Note 13 - Pension Plans income: ($ in millions) Derivatives in cash flow hedging relationships Commodity contracts Forward exchange contracts Treasury locks Total ($ in millions) Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments Forward exchange contracts Interest rate swaps Cross currency interest rate swaps Total Location of Gain / (Loss) Reclassified from AOCI into Income (Effective Portion) Cost of sales Net sales Interest expense Location of Gain / (Loss) Recognized in the Consolidated Income Statements Gain / (Loss) Reclassified from AOCI into Income (Effective Portion) Years ended June 30, 2022 2023 2021 $ $ 2 $ (2) (3) (3) $ 20 $ — (3) 17 $ 1 — (2) (1) Gain / (Loss) Recognized in Income for Derivatives not Designated as Hedging Instruments Years ended June 30, 2022 2023 2021 Other income, net $ (7) $ (45) $ Other income, net Other income, net 16 — — — $ 9 $ (45) $ 11 — (4) 7 ($ in millions) Derivatives in fair value hedging relationships Interest rate swaps Forward exchange contracts Total Location of Loss Recognized in the Consolidated Income Statements Interest expense Other income, net The changes in AOCI for effective derivatives were as follows: ($ in millions) Amounts reclassified into earnings Commodity contracts Forward exchange contracts Treasury locks Change in fair value Commodity contracts Forward exchange contracts Tax effect Total Loss Recognized in Income for Derivatives in Fair Value Hedging Relationships Years ended June 30, 2022 2023 2021 $ $ (27) $ — (27) $ (75) $ (11) (86) $ (14) — (14) Years ended June 30, 2022 2021 2023 $ (2) $ (20) $ 2 3 (2) (3) 1 (1) $ — 3 9 (1) 2 (7) $ $ (1) — 2 22 3 — 26 79 80 Amcor Annual Report 2023 FINAL FINAL Form10-K 93 Form10-K 94 The following tables provide the effects of derivative instruments on AOCI and in the consolidated statements of Note 13 - Pension Plans income: The Company sponsors both funded and unfunded defined benefit pension plans that include a statutory and mandated benefit provision in various countries as well as voluntary plans (generally closed to new joiners). During fiscal year 2023, the Company maintained approximately 20 statutory and mandated defined benefit arrangements and approximately 50 voluntary defined benefit plans. The Company’s principal defined benefit plans are in the United States, Switzerland, United Kingdom, and Germany. The majority of the principal defined benefit plans are closed to new entrants and future accruals, and the majority of these plans are funded. During the fourth quarter of fiscal year 2023, Amcor announced a plan termination date of July 31, 2023, for one of the Company's closed principal defined benefit plans in the United States (the "U.S. Plan"). Benefit obligations related to the U.S. Plan of $265 million are expected to be distributed through a combination of lump sum payments to eligible plan participants who elect such payments, and through the purchase of group annuity contracts for the remaining participants. The U.S. Plan's benefit obligations as of June 30, 2023 were determined on a plan termination basis, assuming that a portion of eligible active and deferred vested participants will elect lump sum payments. The U.S. Plan is expected to have sufficient plan assets to satisfy the majority of the transaction obligations. Distributions are expected to begin in fiscal year 2025, which will likely trigger settlement accounting. During the second quarter of fiscal year 2022, the Company contracted with Pacific Life Insurance Company to purchase a group annuity contract and transfer $186 million of its pension plan assets and related benefit obligations related to three principal defined benefit plans in the United States. This transaction required a remeasurement of the pension plan assets and obligations and resulted in the recognition of a $3 million non-cash pension settlement loss in fiscal year 2022. Net periodic benefit cost for benefit plans includes the following components: ($ in millions) Service cost Interest cost Expected return on plan assets Amortization of net loss Amortization of prior service credit Curtailment credit Settlement costs Net periodic benefit cost Years ended June 30, 2022 2021 2023 $ 13 $ 24 $ 49 (55) 2 (3) — 5 39 (61) 5 (3) — 8 $ 11 $ 12 $ 27 40 (60) 8 (2) (1) 3 15 ($ in millions) Derivatives in cash flow hedging relationships Commodity contracts Forward exchange contracts Treasury locks Total ($ in millions) Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments Forward exchange contracts Interest rate swaps Cross currency interest rate swaps Total ($ in millions) Derivatives in fair value hedging relationships Interest rate swaps Forward exchange contracts Total The changes in AOCI for effective derivatives were as follows: ($ in millions) Amounts reclassified into earnings Commodity contracts Forward exchange contracts Treasury locks Change in fair value Commodity contracts Forward exchange contracts Tax effect Total Location of Gain / (Loss) Reclassified from AOCI into Income (Effective Portion) Gain / (Loss) Reclassified from AOCI into Income (Effective Portion) Years ended June 30, 2023 2022 2021 Cost of sales Net sales Interest expense $ $ 2 $ (2) (3) (3) $ 20 $ — (3) 17 $ 1 — (2) (1) Location of Gain / (Loss) Recognized in the Consolidated Income Statements Gain / (Loss) Recognized in Income for Derivatives not Designated as Hedging Instruments Years ended June 30, 2023 2022 2021 Other income, net $ (7) $ (45) $ Other income, net Other income, net 16 — — — $ 9 $ (45) $ 11 — (4) 7 Location of Loss Recognized in the Consolidated Income Statements Interest expense Other income, net Loss Recognized in Income for Derivatives in Fair Value Hedging Relationships Years ended June 30, 2023 2022 2021 $ $ (27) $ — (27) $ (75) $ (11) (86) $ (14) — (14) Years ended June 30, 2023 2022 2021 $ (2) $ (20) $ 2 3 (2) (3) 1 (1) $ — 3 (1) 9 2 (7) $ $ (1) — 2 22 3 — 26 79 80 Amcor Annual Report 2023 FINAL FINAL Form10-K 95 Changes in benefit obligations and plan assets were as follows: ($ in millions) Change in benefit obligation: June 30, 2023 June 30, 2022 The following table provides information as to how the funded status is recognized in the consolidated balance sheets: Benefit obligation at the beginning of the year $ 1,314 $ 2,022 Service cost Interest cost Participant contributions Actuarial gain Settlements Benefits paid Administrative expenses Plan amendments Divestitures Other Foreign currency translation Benefit obligation at the end of the year Accumulated benefit obligation at the end of the year Change in plan assets: Fair value of plan assets at the beginning of the year Actual return on plan assets Employer contributions Participant contributions Benefits paid Settlements Administrative expenses Foreign currency translation 13 49 6 (90) (27) (62) (4) (4) — (2) 31 1,224 $ 1,186 $ 1,195 $ (100) 26 6 (62) (27) (4) 27 $ $ $ Fair value of plan assets at the end of the year Funded status at the end of the year $ $ 1,061 $ (163) $ 24 39 6 (341) (244) (70) (6) 1 (4) — (113) 1,314 1,269 1,759 (189) 35 6 (70) (244) (6) (96) 1,195 (119) Actuarial gains resulting in a decrease of the benefit obligation were primarily due to a weighted average increase in discount rates for the Company's pension plans of 0.5% and 1.7% for the fiscal years ended June 30, 2023, and June 30, 2022, respectively. Settlement impact for the fiscal year ended June 30, 2022, is attributed to group annuity contracts, primarily a $186 million contract with Pacific Life Insurance Company, and other lump sum transfers and payments. The following table provides information for defined benefit plans with a projected benefit obligation in excess of plan assets: ($ in millions) Projected benefit obligation Fair value of plan assets June 30, 2023 June 30, 2022 $ 832 $ 601 398 189 Weighted-average assumptions used to determine net periodic benefit cost for the fiscal years ended were: The following table provides information for defined benefit plans with an accumulated benefit obligation in excess of plan assets: ($ in millions) Accumulated benefit obligation Fair value of plan assets June 30, 2023 June 30, 2022 $ 799 $ 589 357 177 81 82 ($ in millions) Non-current assets - Employee benefit assets Current liabilities - Other current liabilities Non-current liabilities - Employee benefit obligations Funded status June 30, 2023 June 30, 2022 $ $ 67 $ (6) (224) (163) $ 89 (7) (201) (119) Amounts recognized in other comprehensive (income)/loss for the fiscal years ended are as follows: ($ in millions) Changes in plan assets and benefit obligations recognized in other comprehensive (income)/loss: Net actuarial loss/(gain) occurring during the year Net prior service loss/(gain) occurring during the year Amortization of actuarial loss Gain recognized due to settlement/curtailment Amortization of prior service credit Acquisition/disposal loss Foreign currency translation Tax effect Total recognized in other comprehensive (income)/loss (94) $ (52) Amounts in AOCI that have not yet been recognized as net periodic benefit cost, as of fiscal year-ends, are as follows: ($ in millions) Net prior service credit Net actuarial loss Accumulated other comprehensive loss at the end of the year Weighted-average assumptions used to determine benefit obligations at fiscal year-ends were: $ $ $ Years ended June 30, 2023 2022 2021 $ 65 $ (91) $ (4) (2) (4) 3 — 3 (11) 50 $ 1 (5) (8) 3 (1) (14) 21 (58) (16) (8) (2) 2 — 16 14 2023 2021 June 30, 2022 (17) $ 128 111 $ (15) $ 65 50 $ (20) 185 165 2023 4.3 % 1.9 % June 30, 2022 3.8 % 2.3 % 2021 2.1 % 1.7 % 2023 3.8 % 2.3 % 4.4 % June 30, 2022 2.1 % 1.7 % 3.8 % 2021 2.0 % 1.9 % 3.5 % Discount rate Rate of compensation increase Discount rate Rate of compensation increase Expected long-term rate of return on plan assets Where funded, the Company and, in some countries, the employees make cash contributions into the pension fund. In the case of unfunded plans, the Company is responsible for benefit payments as they fall due. Plan funding requirements are generally determined by local regulation and/or best practice and differ between countries. The local statutory funding positions are not necessarily consistent with the funded status disclosed on the consolidated balance sheets. For any funded plans in deficit (as measured under local country guidelines), the Company agrees with the trustees and plan fiduciaries to undertake Amcor Annual Report 2023 FINAL FINAL Form10-K 95 Form10-K 96 Changes in benefit obligations and plan assets were as follows: June 30, 2023 June 30, 2022 The following table provides information as to how the funded status is recognized in the consolidated balance sheets: 13 49 6 (90) (27) (62) (4) (4) — (2) 31 1,224 $ 1,186 $ 1,195 $ (100) 26 6 (62) (27) (4) 27 24 39 6 (341) (244) (70) (6) 1 (4) — (113) 1,314 1,269 1,759 (189) 35 6 (70) (244) (6) (96) 1,195 (119) June 30, 2023 June 30, 2022 832 $ 601 398 189 June 30, 2023 June 30, 2022 799 $ 589 357 177 $ $ $ $ $ ($ in millions) Non-current assets - Employee benefit assets Current liabilities - Other current liabilities Non-current liabilities - Employee benefit obligations Funded status June 30, 2023 June 30, 2022 $ $ 67 $ (6) (224) (163) $ 89 (7) (201) (119) Amounts recognized in other comprehensive (income)/loss for the fiscal years ended are as follows: ($ in millions) Changes in plan assets and benefit obligations recognized in other comprehensive (income)/loss: Net actuarial loss/(gain) occurring during the year Net prior service loss/(gain) occurring during the year Amortization of actuarial loss Gain recognized due to settlement/curtailment Amortization of prior service credit Acquisition/disposal loss Foreign currency translation Tax effect Total recognized in other comprehensive (income)/loss Years ended June 30, 2022 2021 2023 $ 65 $ (91) $ (4) (2) (4) 3 — 3 (11) 50 $ $ 1 (5) (8) 3 (1) (14) 21 (94) $ (58) (16) (8) (2) 2 — 16 14 (52) Amounts in AOCI that have not yet been recognized as net periodic benefit cost, as of fiscal year-ends, are as follows: ($ in millions) Net prior service credit Net actuarial loss Accumulated other comprehensive loss at the end of the year 2023 $ $ (17) $ 128 111 $ June 30, 2022 2021 (15) $ 65 50 $ (20) 185 165 Weighted-average assumptions used to determine benefit obligations at fiscal year-ends were: Discount rate Rate of compensation increase 2023 4.3 % 1.9 % June 30, 2022 3.8 % 2.3 % 2021 2.1 % 1.7 % Weighted-average assumptions used to determine net periodic benefit cost for the fiscal years ended were: Discount rate Rate of compensation increase Expected long-term rate of return on plan assets 2023 3.8 % 2.3 % 4.4 % June 30, 2022 2.1 % 1.7 % 3.8 % 2021 2.0 % 1.9 % 3.5 % Where funded, the Company and, in some countries, the employees make cash contributions into the pension fund. In the case of unfunded plans, the Company is responsible for benefit payments as they fall due. Plan funding requirements are generally determined by local regulation and/or best practice and differ between countries. The local statutory funding positions are not necessarily consistent with the funded status disclosed on the consolidated balance sheets. For any funded plans in deficit (as measured under local country guidelines), the Company agrees with the trustees and plan fiduciaries to undertake 81 82 Benefit obligation at the beginning of the year $ 1,314 $ 2,022 Foreign currency translation Benefit obligation at the end of the year Accumulated benefit obligation at the end of the year Change in plan assets: Fair value of plan assets at the beginning of the year ($ in millions) Change in benefit obligation: Participant contributions Service cost Interest cost Actuarial gain Settlements Benefits paid Administrative expenses Plan amendments Divestitures Other Actual return on plan assets Employer contributions Participant contributions Benefits paid Settlements Administrative expenses Foreign currency translation assets: ($ in millions) Projected benefit obligation Fair value of plan assets plan assets: ($ in millions) Accumulated benefit obligation Fair value of plan assets Fair value of plan assets at the end of the year Funded status at the end of the year $ $ 1,061 $ (163) $ Actuarial gains resulting in a decrease of the benefit obligation were primarily due to a weighted average increase in discount rates for the Company's pension plans of 0.5% and 1.7% for the fiscal years ended June 30, 2023, and June 30, 2022, respectively. Settlement impact for the fiscal year ended June 30, 2022, is attributed to group annuity contracts, primarily a $186 million contract with Pacific Life Insurance Company, and other lump sum transfers and payments. The following table provides information for defined benefit plans with a projected benefit obligation in excess of plan The following table provides information for defined benefit plans with an accumulated benefit obligation in excess of Amcor Annual Report 2023 FINAL FINAL Form10-K 97 suitable funding programs to provide additional contributions over time in accordance with local country requirements. Contributions to the Company's defined benefit pension plans, not including unfunded plans, are expected to be $29 million over the next fiscal year. Debt securities: Consists of government and corporate debt securities. Valued at the closing prices reported in the active market in which the individual securities are traded (Level 1); or based on observable inputs such as fund values provided by independent fund administrators, pricing of similar agency issues, reported trades, broker/dealer quotes, issuer spread, live trading feeds from several vendors, and benchmark yields (Level 2). Inputs may be prioritized differently at certain times based The following benefit payments for the succeeding five fiscal years and thereafter, which reflect expected future on market conditions. service, as appropriate, are expected to be paid: ($ in millions) 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028 2029-2033 Real estate: Valued at the closing prices reported in the active market in which the individual securities are traded (Level 1); or based on observable inputs such as fund values provided by independent fund administrators (Level 2). Insurance contracts: Valued based on the present value of the underlying insured liabilities (Level 3). Cash and cash equivalents: Consist of cash on deposit with brokers and short-term money market funds and are shown net of receivables and payables for securities traded at period end but not yet settled (Level 1) and cash indirectly held across investment funds (Level 2). All cash and cash equivalents are stated at cost, which approximates fair value. $ 72 320 56 56 58 308 Other: The fiscal year 2025 benefit payments include the expected distributions associated with the plan termination announced for the U.S. Plan. Level 1: Derivatives valued as closing prices reported in the active market. The ERISA Benefit Plan Committee in the United States, the Pension Plan Committee in Switzerland, and the Trustees of the pension plans in UK establish investment policies, investment strategies, allocation strategies, and investment risk profiles for the Company's pension plan assets and are required to consult with the Company on changes to their investment policy. In developing the expected long-term rate of return on plan assets at each measurement date, the Company considers the plan assets' historical returns, asset allocations, and the anticipated future economic environment and long-term performance of the asset classes. While appropriate consideration is given to recent and historical investment performance, the assumption represents management's best estimate of the long-term prospective return. The pension plan assets measured at fair value were as follows: Level 2: Assets held in diversified growth funds, pooled funds, financing funds, and derivatives, where the values of the assets are determined by the investment managers or other independent third parties, based on observable inputs. Level 3: Indemnified plan assets and pooled funds (equity, credit, macro-orientated, multi-strategy, cash, and other). The values of indemnified plan assets are determined based on the value of the liabilities that the assets cover. The value of the pooled funds is calculated by the investment managers based on the net asset values of the underlying portfolios. The following table sets forth a summary of changes in the value of the Company's Level 3 assets: ($ in millions) Balance as of June 30, 2022 Actual return on plan assets Purchases, sales, and settlements Transfer out of Level 3 (1) Foreign currency translation Balance as of June 30, 2023 $ $ 352 (51) (8) (93) 1 201 (1) In preparation for a buy-in policy contract that was executed in July 2023, the Company transferred certain Level 3 assets into Level 1 assets and Level 2 assets in fiscal year 2023. Refer to Note 24, "Subsequent Events," for further information. ($ in millions) Equity securities Debt securities Real estate Insurance contracts Cash and cash equivalents Other Total ($ in millions) Equity securities Debt securities (1) Real estate Insurance contracts Cash and cash equivalents Other Total June 30, 2023 Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Total $ 114 $ 54 $ — $ 77 7 — 58 5 405 105 — 13 22 — — 192 — 9 168 482 112 192 71 36 $ $ 261 $ 599 $ 201 $ 1,061 June 30, 2022 Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Total 111 $ 98 $ — $ 73 7 — 21 5 378 121 — 3 26 — 2 216 — 134 209 451 130 216 24 165 $ 217 $ 626 $ 352 $ 1,195 (1) Certain prior year amounts were reclassified to conform to current year presentation. Equity securities: Valued primarily at the closing prices reported in the active market in which the individual securities are traded (Level 1); or based on significant observable inputs such as fund values provided by the independent fund administrators (Level 2). 83 84 Amcor Annual Report 2023 FINAL FINAL Form10-K 97 Form10-K 98 suitable funding programs to provide additional contributions over time in accordance with local country requirements. Contributions to the Company's defined benefit pension plans, not including unfunded plans, are expected to be $29 million over the next fiscal year. The following benefit payments for the succeeding five fiscal years and thereafter, which reflect expected future service, as appropriate, are expected to be paid: Debt securities: Consists of government and corporate debt securities. Valued at the closing prices reported in the active market in which the individual securities are traded (Level 1); or based on observable inputs such as fund values provided by independent fund administrators, pricing of similar agency issues, reported trades, broker/dealer quotes, issuer spread, live trading feeds from several vendors, and benchmark yields (Level 2). Inputs may be prioritized differently at certain times based on market conditions. Real estate: Valued at the closing prices reported in the active market in which the individual securities are traded (Level 1); or based on observable inputs such as fund values provided by independent fund administrators (Level 2). Insurance contracts: Valued based on the present value of the underlying insured liabilities (Level 3). Cash and cash equivalents: Consist of cash on deposit with brokers and short-term money market funds and are shown net of receivables and payables for securities traded at period end but not yet settled (Level 1) and cash indirectly held across investment funds (Level 2). All cash and cash equivalents are stated at cost, which approximates fair value. Other: $ 72 320 56 56 58 308 The fiscal year 2025 benefit payments include the expected distributions associated with the plan termination announced for the U.S. Plan. Level 1: Derivatives valued as closing prices reported in the active market. The ERISA Benefit Plan Committee in the United States, the Pension Plan Committee in Switzerland, and the Trustees of the pension plans in UK establish investment policies, investment strategies, allocation strategies, and investment risk profiles for the Company's pension plan assets and are required to consult with the Company on changes to their investment policy. In developing the expected long-term rate of return on plan assets at each measurement date, the Company considers the plan assets' historical returns, asset allocations, and the anticipated future economic environment and long-term performance of the asset classes. While appropriate consideration is given to recent and historical investment performance, the assumption represents management's best estimate of the long-term prospective return. The pension plan assets measured at fair value were as follows: Level 2: Assets held in diversified growth funds, pooled funds, financing funds, and derivatives, where the values of the assets are determined by the investment managers or other independent third parties, based on observable inputs. Level 3: Indemnified plan assets and pooled funds (equity, credit, macro-orientated, multi-strategy, cash, and other). The values of indemnified plan assets are determined based on the value of the liabilities that the assets cover. The value of the pooled funds is calculated by the investment managers based on the net asset values of the underlying portfolios. The following table sets forth a summary of changes in the value of the Company's Level 3 assets: ($ in millions) Balance as of June 30, 2022 Actual return on plan assets Purchases, sales, and settlements Transfer out of Level 3 (1) Foreign currency translation Balance as of June 30, 2023 $ $ 352 (51) (8) (93) 1 201 (1) In preparation for a buy-in policy contract that was executed in July 2023, the Company transferred certain Level 3 assets into Level 1 assets and Level 2 assets in fiscal year 2023. Refer to Note 24, "Subsequent Events," for further information. ($ in millions) 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028 2029-2033 ($ in millions) Equity securities Debt securities Real estate Insurance contracts Cash and cash equivalents Other Total ($ in millions) Equity securities Debt securities (1) Real estate Insurance contracts Cash and cash equivalents Other Total (Level 2). June 30, 2023 Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Total $ 114 $ 54 $ — $ $ $ 261 $ 599 $ 201 $ 1,061 June 30, 2022 Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Total 111 $ 98 $ — $ 77 7 — 58 5 73 7 — 21 5 405 105 — 13 22 378 121 — 3 26 — — 192 — 9 — 2 216 — 134 168 482 112 192 71 36 209 451 130 216 24 165 (1) Certain prior year amounts were reclassified to conform to current year presentation. $ 217 $ 626 $ 352 $ 1,195 Equity securities: Valued primarily at the closing prices reported in the active market in which the individual securities are traded (Level 1); or based on significant observable inputs such as fund values provided by the independent fund administrators 83 84 Amcor Annual Report 2023 FINAL FINAL Form10-K 99 Note 14 - Debt Long-Term Debt The following table summarizes the carrying value of long-term debt as of June 30, 2023, and 2022, respectively: June 30, Maturities Interest rates 2023 2022 and the revolving tranches have two 12-month options available to extend the maturity date. ($ in millions) Term debt Euro bonds, €300 million (1)(3) U.S. dollar notes, $500 million U.S. dollar notes, $600 million U.S. dollar notes, $300 million Euro bonds, €500 million U.S. dollar notes, $500 million U.S. dollar notes, $500 million U.S. dollar notes, $800 million U.S. dollar notes, $500 million (4) Total term debt Bank loans Commercial paper (1) Other loans (2) Finance lease obligations Mar 2023 May 2025 Apr 2026 Sep 2026 Jun 2027 May 2028 Jun 2030 May 2031 May 2033 2.75 % $ — $ 4.00 % 3.63 % 3.10 % 1.13 % 4.50 % 2.63 % 2.69 % 5.63 % 500 600 300 543 500 500 800 500 4,243 22 2,445 33 50 Fair value hedge accounting adjustments (5) Unamortized discounts and debt issuance costs Total debt Less: current portion Total long-term debt (96) (31) 6,666 (13) 6,653 $ $ 313 500 600 300 522 500 500 800 — 4,035 22 2,310 18 62 (69) (24) 6,354 (14) 6,340 (1) (2) Indicates debt which has been classified as long-term liabilities in accordance with the Company’s ability and intent to refinance such obligations on a long-term basis. Includes other loans of $12 million and nil for June 30, 2023, and 2022, respectively, which have been classified as long-term liabilities in accordance with the Company’s ability and intent to refinance such obligations on a long-term basis. (3) On March 22, 2023, the Company redeemed Euro bonds of €300 million at maturity. The redemption was funded with commercial paper. (4) On May 26, 2023, the Company issued U.S. dollar notes with an aggregate principal amount of $500 million and a contractual maturity in May 2033. The notes pay a coupon of 5.63% per annum, payable semi-annually in arrears. The notes are unsecured senior obligations of the Company and are fully and unconditionally guaranteed by the Company and certain of its subsidiaries. (5) Relates to fair value hedge basis adjustments relating to interest rate hedging. The following table summarizes the contractual maturities of the Company's long-term debt, including current maturities (excluding payments for finance leases) as of June 30, 2023, for the succeeding five fiscal years: ($ in millions) 2024 2025 (1) 2026 2027 (2) 2028 $ 3 1,933 600 1,867 504 (1) Commercial paper denominated in U.S. dollars is classified as maturing in 2025, supported by the 3-year syndicated facility, with a 1-year option to extend. (2) Commercial paper denominated in Euros is classified as maturing in 2027, supported by the 5-year syndicated facility, with a 1-year option to extend. 85 86 Bank and other loans The Company has entered into syndicated and bilateral multi-currency credit facilities with financial institutions. On April 26, 2022, the Company entered into three- and five-year syndicated facility agreements that each provide a revolving credit facility of $1.9 billion or $3.8 billion in total. The facilities are unsecured and have contractual maturities in April 2025 and April 2027, respectively. The agreements include customary terms and conditions for a syndicated facility of this nature, Interest charged on borrowings under the credit facilities is based on the applicable market rate plus the applicable margin. As of June 30, 2023, and 2022, the Company's credit facilities amounted to $3.8 billion. As of June 30, 2023, and 2022, the Company has $1.3 billion and $1.4 billion of undrawn commitments, respectively. The Company incurs facility fees of 0.125% on the undrawn commitments. Such facility fees incurred were immaterial in the fiscal years ended June 30, 2023, 2022, and 2021, respectively. As of June 30, 2023, and 2022, land and buildings with a carrying value of $38 million have been pledged as security for bank and other loans. Redemption of term debt The Company may redeem its long-term debt, in whole or in part, at any time or from time to time prior to its maturity. The redemption prices typically represent 100% of the principal amount of the relevant debt plus any accrued and unpaid interest. In addition, for notes that are redeemed by the Company before their stated permitted redemption date, a make-whole premium is payable. On March 22, 2023, the Company redeemed Euro bonds of €300 million (equivalent to $322 million) at maturity. The redemption was funded with commercial paper. The notes carried an interest rate of 2.75%. Priority, Guarantees, and Financial Covenants All the notes are general unsecured senior obligations of the Company and are fully and unconditionally guaranteed on a joint and several basis by certain existing subsidiaries that guarantee its other indebtedness. The Company's primary bank debt facilities and notes are unsecured and subject to negative pledge arrangements limiting the amount of secured indebtedness the Company can incur to 10.0% of total tangible assets, subject to some exceptions and variations by facility. The Company is required to satisfy certain financial covenants pursuant to its bank debt facilities, which are tested as of the last day of each quarterly and annual financial period. The covenants require the Company to maintain a leverage ratio of not higher than 3.9 times, which is calculated as total net debt divided by Adjusted EBITDA. As of June 30, 2023, and 2022, the Company was in compliance with all debt covenants. Amcor Annual Report 2023 FINAL FINAL Form10-K 99 Form10-K 100 The following table summarizes the carrying value of long-term debt as of June 30, 2023, and 2022, respectively: Maturities Interest rates 2023 2022 June 30, Bank and other loans The Company has entered into syndicated and bilateral multi-currency credit facilities with financial institutions. On April 26, 2022, the Company entered into three- and five-year syndicated facility agreements that each provide a revolving credit facility of $1.9 billion or $3.8 billion in total. The facilities are unsecured and have contractual maturities in April 2025 and April 2027, respectively. The agreements include customary terms and conditions for a syndicated facility of this nature, and the revolving tranches have two 12-month options available to extend the maturity date. 2.75 % $ — $ Interest charged on borrowings under the credit facilities is based on the applicable market rate plus the applicable margin. As of June 30, 2023, and 2022, the Company's credit facilities amounted to $3.8 billion. As of June 30, 2023, and 2022, the Company has $1.3 billion and $1.4 billion of undrawn commitments, respectively. The Company incurs facility fees of 0.125% on the undrawn commitments. Such facility fees incurred were immaterial in the fiscal years ended June 30, 2023, 2022, and 2021, respectively. As of June 30, 2023, and 2022, land and buildings with a carrying value of $38 million have been pledged as security for bank and other loans. Redemption of term debt The Company may redeem its long-term debt, in whole or in part, at any time or from time to time prior to its maturity. The redemption prices typically represent 100% of the principal amount of the relevant debt plus any accrued and unpaid interest. In addition, for notes that are redeemed by the Company before their stated permitted redemption date, a make-whole premium is payable. On March 22, 2023, the Company redeemed Euro bonds of €300 million (equivalent to $322 million) at maturity. The redemption was funded with commercial paper. The notes carried an interest rate of 2.75%. Priority, Guarantees, and Financial Covenants All the notes are general unsecured senior obligations of the Company and are fully and unconditionally guaranteed on a joint and several basis by certain existing subsidiaries that guarantee its other indebtedness. The Company's primary bank debt facilities and notes are unsecured and subject to negative pledge arrangements limiting the amount of secured indebtedness the Company can incur to 10.0% of total tangible assets, subject to some exceptions and variations by facility. The Company is required to satisfy certain financial covenants pursuant to its bank debt facilities, which are tested as of the last day of each quarterly and annual financial period. The covenants require the Company to maintain a leverage ratio of not higher than 3.9 times, which is calculated as total net debt divided by Adjusted EBITDA. As of June 30, 2023, and 2022, the Company was in compliance with all debt covenants. Note 14 - Debt Long-Term Debt ($ in millions) Term debt Euro bonds, €300 million (1)(3) U.S. dollar notes, $500 million U.S. dollar notes, $600 million U.S. dollar notes, $300 million Euro bonds, €500 million U.S. dollar notes, $500 million U.S. dollar notes, $500 million U.S. dollar notes, $800 million U.S. dollar notes, $500 million (4) Total term debt Bank loans Commercial paper (1) Other loans (2) Finance lease obligations Total debt Less: current portion Total long-term debt Fair value hedge accounting adjustments (5) Unamortized discounts and debt issuance costs Mar 2023 May 2025 Apr 2026 Sep 2026 Jun 2027 May 2028 Jun 2030 May 2031 May 2033 4.00 % 3.63 % 3.10 % 1.13 % 4.50 % 2.63 % 2.69 % 5.63 % 500 600 300 543 500 500 800 500 4,243 22 2,445 33 50 (96) (31) 6,666 (13) 6,653 $ $ 313 500 600 300 522 500 500 800 — 4,035 22 2,310 18 62 (69) (24) 6,354 (14) 6,340 (1) Indicates debt which has been classified as long-term liabilities in accordance with the Company’s ability and intent to refinance such obligations on a long-term basis. (2) Includes other loans of $12 million and nil for June 30, 2023, and 2022, respectively, which have been classified as long-term liabilities in accordance with the Company’s ability and intent to refinance such obligations on a long-term basis. (3) On March 22, 2023, the Company redeemed Euro bonds of €300 million at maturity. The redemption was funded with commercial paper. (4) On May 26, 2023, the Company issued U.S. dollar notes with an aggregate principal amount of $500 million and a contractual maturity in May 2033. The notes pay a coupon of 5.63% per annum, payable semi-annually in arrears. The notes are unsecured senior obligations of the Company and are fully and unconditionally guaranteed by the Company and certain of its subsidiaries. (5) Relates to fair value hedge basis adjustments relating to interest rate hedging. The following table summarizes the contractual maturities of the Company's long-term debt, including current maturities (excluding payments for finance leases) as of June 30, 2023, for the succeeding five fiscal years: ($ in millions) 2024 2025 (1) 2026 2027 (2) 2028 $ 3 1,933 600 1,867 504 (1) Commercial paper denominated in U.S. dollars is classified as maturing in 2025, supported by the 3-year syndicated facility, with a (2) Commercial paper denominated in Euros is classified as maturing in 2027, supported by the 5-year syndicated facility, with a 1-year 1-year option to extend. option to extend. 85 86 Amcor Annual Report 2023 FINAL FINAL Form10-K 101 Short-Term Debt Note 15 - Leases Short-term debt is generally used to fund working capital requirements. The Company has classified commercial paper as long-term as of June 30, 2023, in accordance with the Company’s ability and intent to refinance such obligations on a long- term basis. The following table summarizes the carrying value of short-term debt as of June 30, 2023, and 2022, respectively: ($ in millions) Bank loans Bank overdrafts Total short-term debt June 30, 2023 2022 $ $ 13 $ 67 80 $ 32 104 136 As of June 30, 2023, the Company paid a weighted-average interest rate of 3.98% per annum on short-term debt, payable at maturity. As of June 30, 2022, the Company paid a weighted-average interest rate of 1.40% per annum, payable at maturity. The components of lease expense are as follows: ($ in millions) Operating lease expense (1) Short-term and variable lease expense (2) Finance lease expense Amortization of right-of-use assets (2) Interest on lease liabilities (3) Years ended June 30, 2023 2022 2021 $ 127 $ 21 130 $ 17 4 2 2 1 Total lease expense $ 154 $ 150 $ 136 Included in both cost of sales and selling, general, and administrative expenses (1) (2) (3) Included primarily in cost of sales Included in interest expense The Company's leases do not contain any material residual value guarantees or material restrictive covenants. As of June 30, 2023, the Company does not have material lease commitments that have not commenced. Supplemental balance sheet information related to leases: Balance Sheet Location 2023 2022 June 30, Operating lease right-of-use assets, net Operating lease assets Property, plant, and equipment, net Current operating lease liabilities Other current liabilities Non-current operating lease liabilities Operating lease liabilities Current finance lease liabilities Current portion of long-term debt Non-current finance lease liabilities Long-term debt, less current portion (1) Finance lease assets are recorded net of accumulated amortization of $12 million and $9 million as of June 30, 2023 and 2022, $ $ $ $ 533 $ 57 590 $ 101 $ 463 10 40 614 $ ($ in millions) Assets Finance lease assets (1) Total lease assets Liabilities Operating leases: Finance leases: Total lease liabilities respectively. 113 20 2 1 560 62 622 101 493 10 52 656 87 88 Amcor Annual Report 2023 Short-Term Debt term basis. ($ in millions) Bank loans Bank overdrafts Total short-term debt maturity. As of June 30, 2023, the Company paid a weighted-average interest rate of 3.98% per annum on short-term debt, payable at maturity. As of June 30, 2022, the Company paid a weighted-average interest rate of 1.40% per annum, payable at Form10-K 101 Form10-K 102 FINAL FINAL Short-term debt is generally used to fund working capital requirements. The Company has classified commercial paper as long-term as of June 30, 2023, in accordance with the Company’s ability and intent to refinance such obligations on a long- The components of lease expense are as follows: Note 15 - Leases The following table summarizes the carrying value of short-term debt as of June 30, 2023, and 2022, respectively: June 30, 2023 2022 $ $ 13 $ 67 80 $ 32 104 136 ($ in millions) Operating lease expense (1) Short-term and variable lease expense (2) Finance lease expense Amortization of right-of-use assets (2) Interest on lease liabilities (3) 2023 $ Years ended June 30, 2022 2021 127 $ 21 130 $ 17 4 2 2 1 113 20 2 1 Total lease expense $ 154 $ 150 $ 136 (1) (2) (3) Included in both cost of sales and selling, general, and administrative expenses Included primarily in cost of sales Included in interest expense The Company's leases do not contain any material residual value guarantees or material restrictive covenants. As of June 30, 2023, the Company does not have material lease commitments that have not commenced. Supplemental balance sheet information related to leases: ($ in millions) Assets Balance Sheet Location 2023 2022 June 30, Operating lease right-of-use assets, net Operating lease assets Finance lease assets (1) Total lease assets Liabilities Operating leases: Property, plant, and equipment, net Current operating lease liabilities Other current liabilities Non-current operating lease liabilities Operating lease liabilities Finance leases: Current finance lease liabilities Current portion of long-term debt Non-current finance lease liabilities Long-term debt, less current portion Total lease liabilities $ $ $ $ 533 $ 57 590 $ 101 $ 463 10 40 614 $ 560 62 622 101 493 10 52 656 (1) Finance lease assets are recorded net of accumulated amortization of $12 million and $9 million as of June 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively. 87 88 Amcor Annual Report 2023 FINAL FINAL Form10-K 103 Supplemental cash flow information related to leases: Note 16 - Shareholders' Equity ($ in millions) Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities: Years ended June 30, 2022 2021 2023 Operating cash flows from operating leases Operating cash flows from finance leases Financing cash flows from finance leases $ 118 $ 122 $ 2 11 1 5 Lease assets obtained in exchange for new lease obligations: Operating leases Finance leases Other non-cash modifications to lease assets: Operating leases $ 26 $ 55 $ — 33 34 88 111 1 2 55 1 56 The following table presents the maturities of the Company's lease liabilities recorded on the consolidated balance The changes in ordinary and treasury shares during fiscal years 2023, 2022, and 2021, were as follows: (shares and $ in millions) Balance as of June 30, 2020 Share buyback/cancellations Options exercised and shares vested Purchase of treasury shares Balance as of June 30, 2021 Share buyback/cancellations Options exercised and shares vested Purchase of treasury shares Balance as of June 30, 2022 Share buyback/cancellations Options exercised and shares vested Purchase of treasury shares Balance as of June 30, 2023 Ordinary Shares Treasury Shares Number of Shares Amount Number of Shares Amount 1,569 $ (31) 16 (1) 1,538 (49) 1,489 (41) — — — — — — 1,448 $ — — 15 — — — 15 — — 14 (1) 7 $ — (5) (13) 1 3 — 12 2 — 18 (19) 1 $ (67) — 46 (8) (29) — 154 (143) (18) — 227 (221) (12) Operating Leases Finance Leases sheets as of June 30, 2023: ($ in millions) Fiscal year 2024 Fiscal year 2025 Fiscal year 2026 Fiscal year 2027 Fiscal year 2028 Thereafter Total lease payments Less: imputed interest Total lease liabilities $ 115 $ 99 89 74 63 218 658 (94) 564 $ $ 11 11 6 2 2 26 58 (8) 50 9.0 10.1 3.3 % 2.9 % The weighted-average remaining lease term and discount rate are as follows: June 30, 2023 2022 Weighted-average remaining lease term (in years): Operating leases Finance leases Weighted-average discount rate: Operating Leases Finance leases 8.0 10.3 3.6 % 3.0 % 89 90 Amcor Annual Report 2023 FINAL FINAL Form10-K 103 Form10-K 104 Supplemental cash flow information related to leases: Note 16 - Shareholders' Equity The changes in ordinary and treasury shares during fiscal years 2023, 2022, and 2021, were as follows: (shares and $ in millions) Balance as of June 30, 2020 Share buyback/cancellations Options exercised and shares vested Purchase of treasury shares Balance as of June 30, 2021 Share buyback/cancellations Options exercised and shares vested Purchase of treasury shares Balance as of June 30, 2022 Share buyback/cancellations Options exercised and shares vested Purchase of treasury shares Balance as of June 30, 2023 Ordinary Shares Treasury Shares Number of Shares Amount Number of Shares Amount 1,569 $ (31) — — 1,538 (49) — — 1,489 (41) — — 1,448 $ 16 (1) — — 15 — — — 15 (1) — — 14 7 $ — (5) 1 3 — (13) 12 2 — (19) 18 1 $ (67) — 46 (8) (29) — 154 (143) (18) — 227 (221) (12) Years ended June 30, 2023 2022 2021 $ 118 $ 122 $ ($ in millions) Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities: Operating cash flows from operating leases Operating cash flows from finance leases Financing cash flows from finance leases Lease assets obtained in exchange for new lease obligations: Operating leases Finance leases Operating leases Other non-cash modifications to lease assets: 2 11 — 33 $ 26 $ 55 $ The following table presents the maturities of the Company's lease liabilities recorded on the consolidated balance Operating Leases Finance Leases $ 115 $ sheets as of June 30, 2023: ($ in millions) Fiscal year 2024 Fiscal year 2025 Fiscal year 2026 Fiscal year 2027 Fiscal year 2028 Thereafter Total lease payments Less: imputed interest Total lease liabilities The weighted-average remaining lease term and discount rate are as follows: Weighted-average remaining lease term (in years): Operating leases Finance leases Weighted-average discount rate: Operating Leases Finance leases $ June 30, 2023 2022 8.0 10.3 3.6 % 3.0 % 1 5 34 88 99 89 74 63 218 658 (94) 564 $ 111 1 2 55 1 56 11 11 6 2 2 26 58 (8) 50 9.0 10.1 3.3 % 2.9 % 89 90 Amcor Annual Report 2023 FINAL FINAL Form10-K 105 The changes in the components of accumulated other comprehensive loss during the fiscal years ended June 30, 2023, The following tables provide details of amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss: 2022, and 2021 were as follows: ($ in millions) Balance as of June 30, 2020 Other comprehensive income before reclassifications Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss Net current period other comprehensive income Balance as of June 30, 2021 Other comprehensive income / (loss) before reclassifications Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss Net current period other comprehensive income / (loss) Balance as of June 30, 2022 Other comprehensive loss before reclassifications Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss Net current period other comprehensive income/(loss) Balance as of June 30, 2023 Foreign Currency Translation (Net of Tax) $ 179 26 205 (691) (220) 19 (201) (892) (9) 78 69 (823) $ $ Net Investment Hedge (Net of Tax) Pension (Net of Tax) Effective Derivatives (Net of Tax) Total Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss (896) $ (13) $ (106) $ (34) $ (1,049) ($ in millions) Amortization of pension: Amortization of prior service credit Amortization of actuarial loss Acquisition/disposal loss Effect of pension settlement/curtailment Total before tax effect Tax effect on amounts reclassified into earnings Total net of tax (Gains)/losses on cash flow hedges: Commodity contracts Forward exchange contracts Treasury locks Total before tax effect Tax effect on amounts reclassified into earnings Total net of tax Losses on foreign currency translation: Foreign currency translation adjustment (1) Total before tax effect Tax effect on amounts reclassified into earnings Total net of tax For the years ended June 30, 2023 2022 2021 $ (3) $ (3) $ 2 — 4 3 — 2 3 3 — 78 — 5 1 8 11 (2) 9 $ — 3 4 (17) 19 — 3 $ (2) $ (20) $ 3 $ (13) $ 78 $ 19 $ 78 $ 19 $ $ $ $ $ $ (2) 8 — 2 8 — 8 (1) — 2 1 — 1 26 26 — 26 (1) During the fiscal year ended June 30, 2023, the Company disposed of its Russian business and certain non-core operations and transferred $73 million and $5 million, respectively, of accumulated foreign currency translation from accumulated other comprehensive loss to earnings. During the fiscal year ended June 30, 2022, the Company effectively disposed of a non-core business and transferred $19 million of accumulated foreign currency translation from accumulated other comprehensive loss to earnings. During the fiscal year ended June 30, 2021, the Company recorded a gain on disposal of AMVIG and other non-core businesses. Upon completion of the transactions, $26 million of accumulated foreign currency translation was transferred from accumulated other comprehensive loss to earnings. Refer to Note 5, "Acquisitions and Divestitures," and Note 8, "Equity Method and Other Investments," for further information. Forward contracts to purchase own shares The Company's employee share plans require the delivery of shares to employees in the future when rights vest or vested options are exercised. The Company currently acquires shares on the open market to deliver shares to employees to satisfy vesting or exercising commitments. This exposes the Company to market price risk. To manage the market price risk, the Company has entered into forward contracts for the purchase of its ordinary shares. As of June 30, 2023, the Company has entered into forward contracts that mature between September 2023 and November 2023 to purchase 9 million shares at a weighted average price of $12.39. As of June 30, 2022, the Company had outstanding forward contracts for 14 million shares at a weighted average price of $12.67 that matured between November 2022 and June 2023. The forward contracts to purchase the Company's own shares are classified as a current liability. Equity is reduced by an amount equal to the fair value of the shares at inception. The carrying value of the forward contracts at each reporting period was determined based on the present value of the cost required to settle the contracts. — — 44 8 — (13) 52 (54) 85 9 94 40 (53) — — — (13) — — 25 1 26 (8) 6 (13) (7) (15) (4) 3 3 — (13) $ (50) (10) $ (1) (16) $ 248 35 283 (766) (129) 15 (114) (880) (66) 84 18 (862) 91 92 Amcor Annual Report 2023 FINAL FINAL Form10-K 105 Form10-K 106 The changes in the components of accumulated other comprehensive loss during the fiscal years ended June 30, 2023, The following tables provide details of amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss: 2022, and 2021 were as follows: ($ in millions) (Net of Tax) (Net of Tax) (Net of Tax) (Net of Tax) Balance as of June 30, 2020 $ (896) $ (13) $ (106) $ (34) $ (1,049) Foreign Currency Translation Net Investment Hedge Pension Effective Derivatives Total Accumulated Comprehensive Other Loss Other comprehensive income before reclassifications Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss Net current period other comprehensive income Balance as of June 30, 2021 Other comprehensive income / (loss) before reclassifications Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss Net current period other comprehensive income / (loss) Balance as of June 30, 2022 Other comprehensive loss before reclassifications Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss Net current period other comprehensive income/(loss) 179 26 205 (691) (220) 19 (201) (892) (9) 78 69 44 8 52 85 9 94 40 (13) (54) (13) (53) — — — — — — — — — 25 1 26 (8) 6 (13) (7) (15) (4) 3 3 (50) (10) $ (1) (16) $ 248 35 283 (766) (129) 15 (114) (880) (66) 84 18 (862) Balance as of June 30, 2023 $ (823) $ (13) $ ($ in millions) Amortization of pension: Amortization of prior service credit Amortization of actuarial loss Acquisition/disposal loss Effect of pension settlement/curtailment Total before tax effect Tax effect on amounts reclassified into earnings Total net of tax (Gains)/losses on cash flow hedges: Commodity contracts Forward exchange contracts Treasury locks Total before tax effect Tax effect on amounts reclassified into earnings Total net of tax Losses on foreign currency translation: Foreign currency translation adjustment (1) Total before tax effect Tax effect on amounts reclassified into earnings Total net of tax For the years ended June 30, 2022 2021 2023 $ (3) $ (3) $ 2 — 4 3 — 3 $ 5 1 8 11 (2) 9 $ (2) $ (20) $ 2 3 3 — 3 $ — 3 (17) 4 (13) $ 78 $ 19 $ 78 — 19 — 78 $ 19 $ $ $ $ $ $ (2) 8 — 2 8 — 8 (1) — 2 1 — 1 26 26 — 26 (1) During the fiscal year ended June 30, 2023, the Company disposed of its Russian business and certain non-core operations and transferred $73 million and $5 million, respectively, of accumulated foreign currency translation from accumulated other comprehensive loss to earnings. During the fiscal year ended June 30, 2022, the Company effectively disposed of a non-core business and transferred $19 million of accumulated foreign currency translation from accumulated other comprehensive loss to earnings. During the fiscal year ended June 30, 2021, the Company recorded a gain on disposal of AMVIG and other non-core businesses. Upon completion of the transactions, $26 million of accumulated foreign currency translation was transferred from accumulated other comprehensive loss to earnings. Refer to Note 5, "Acquisitions and Divestitures," and Note 8, "Equity Method and Other Investments," for further information. Forward contracts to purchase own shares The Company's employee share plans require the delivery of shares to employees in the future when rights vest or vested options are exercised. The Company currently acquires shares on the open market to deliver shares to employees to satisfy vesting or exercising commitments. This exposes the Company to market price risk. To manage the market price risk, the Company has entered into forward contracts for the purchase of its ordinary shares. As of June 30, 2023, the Company has entered into forward contracts that mature between September 2023 and November 2023 to purchase 9 million shares at a weighted average price of $12.39. As of June 30, 2022, the Company had outstanding forward contracts for 14 million shares at a weighted average price of $12.67 that matured between November 2022 and June 2023. The forward contracts to purchase the Company's own shares are classified as a current liability. Equity is reduced by an amount equal to the fair value of the shares at inception. The carrying value of the forward contracts at each reporting period was determined based on the present value of the cost required to settle the contracts. 91 92 Amcor Annual Report 2023 FINAL FINAL Form10-K 107 Note 17 - Income Taxes Amcor plc is a tax resident of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland ("UK"). The components of income before income taxes and equity in income of affiliated companies were as follows: Significant components of deferred tax assets and liabilities are as follows: ($ in millions) Domestic (UK) Foreign Total income before income taxes and equity in income of affiliated companies Income tax expense consisted of the following: ($ in millions) Current tax Domestic (UK) Foreign Total current tax Deferred tax Domestic (UK) Foreign Total deferred tax Income tax expense Years ended June 30, 2022 2021 2023 $ 82 $ (58) $ 1,169 1,173 (25) 1,218 $ 1,251 $ 1,115 $ 1,193 Years ended June 30, 2022 2021 2023 $ 3 $ 2 $ 247 250 (6) (51) (57) 331 333 (10) (23) (33) 11 246 257 (1) 5 4 $ 193 $ 300 $ 261 The following is a reconciliation of income tax computed at the UK statutory tax rate of 20.5%, 19.0%, and 19.0% for fiscal years 2023, 2022, and 2021, respectively, to income tax expense. ($ in millions) Income tax expense at statutory rate Foreign tax rate differential Capital gain on the sale of the Russian business Non-deductible expenses, non-taxable items, net Change in valuation allowance Uncertain tax positions, net Other (1) Income tax expense Years ended June 30, 2022 2021 2023 $ 256 $ 212 $ 227 54 (63) 16 (7) (39) (24) $ 193 $ 43 — (2) 4 62 (19) 300 $ 18 — 2 40 32 (58) 261 (1) In fiscal year 2023, Other is comprised of effects of foreign currency exchange of $25 million, adjustments to prior year, movement in deferred tax positions, changes in tax rate, and other individually immaterial items. In fiscal year 2022, Other is comprised of adjustments to prior year, movements in deferred tax positions of $13 million, changes in tax rates, and other individually immaterial items. In fiscal year 2021, Other is comprised of adjustments to prior fiscal year, including one related to the crystallization of benefits from business restructuring of $45 million, changes in tax rate, and other individually immaterial items. Amcor operates in over forty different jurisdictions with a wide range of statutory tax rates. The tax expense from operating in non-UK jurisdictions in excess of the UK statutory tax rate is included in the line "Foreign tax rate differential" in the above tax rate reconciliation table. For fiscal year 2023, the Company's effective tax rate was 15.4% as compared to the effective tax rates of 26.9% and 21.9% for fiscal years 2022 and 2021, respectively. The lower effective tax rate for fiscal year 2023 is largely attributable to the non-taxable gain on the disposal of the Russian business and the release of provisions for uncertain tax positions related to the disposed Russian business. The increase in fiscal year 2022 compared to fiscal year 2021 was predominantly attributable to an increase in tax provisions for uncertain tax positions. 93 94 ($ in millions) Deferred tax assets Inventories Accrued employee benefits Provisions Net operating loss carryforwards Tax credit carryforwards Accruals and other Total deferred tax assets Valuation allowance Net deferred tax assets Deferred tax liabilities Property, plant, and equipment Other intangible assets Derivatives and other financial instruments Undistributed foreign earnings Total deferred tax liabilities Net deferred tax liability Balance sheet location: Deferred tax assets Deferred tax liabilities Net deferred tax liability June 30, 2023 2022 $ 20 $ 70 4 332 37 46 509 (400) 109 (294) (259) (25) (13) (591) (482) 134 (616) (482) $ $ 15 62 18 325 39 48 507 (407) 100 (319) (304) (4) (20) (647) (547) 130 (677) (547) The Company maintains a valuation allowance on net operating losses and other deferred tax assets in jurisdictions for which it does not believe it is more likely than not to realize those deferred tax assets based upon all available positive and negative evidence, including historical operating performance, carry-back periods, reversal of taxable temporary differences, tax planning strategies, and earnings expectations. The Company's valuation allowance decreased by $7 million, increased by $4 million, and increased by $40 million for fiscal years 2023, 2022, and 2021, respectively. As of June 30, 2023, and 2022, the Company had total net operating loss carry forwards, including capital losses, in the amount of $1.3 billion and $1.2 billion, respectively, and tax credits of $37 million and $39 million, respectively. The vast majority of the losses and tax credits do not expire. The Company considers the following factors, among others, in evaluating its plans for indefinite reinvestment of its subsidiaries' earnings: (i) the forecasts, budgets, and financial requirements of the Company and its subsidiaries, both for the long-term and for the short-term; and (ii) the tax consequences of any decision to repatriate or reinvest earnings of any subsidiary. As of June 30, 2023, the Company has not provided deferred taxes on approximately $1.3 billion of earnings in certain foreign subsidiaries because such earnings are indefinitely reinvested in its international operations. Upon distribution of such earnings in the form of dividends or otherwise, the Company may be subject to incremental foreign tax. It is not practicable to estimate the amount of foreign tax that might be payable. As of June 30, 2023, a cumulative deferred tax liability of $13 million has been recorded attributable to undistributed earnings that the Company has deemed are not indefinitely reinvested. The remaining undistributed earnings of the Company's subsidiaries are not deemed to be indefinitely reinvested and can be repatriated at no tax cost. Accordingly, there is no provision for income or withholding taxes on these earnings. The Company accounts for its uncertain tax positions in accordance with ASC 740, "Income Taxes." At June 30, 2023, and 2022, unrecognized tax benefits totaled $155 million and $195 million, respectively, all of which would favorably impact the effective tax rate if recognized. The Company recognizes interest and penalties accrued related to unrecognized tax benefits in income tax expense. As of June 30, 2023, 2022, and 2021, the Company's accrual for interest and penalties for these uncertain tax positions was $13 Amcor Annual Report 2023 Amcor plc is a tax resident of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland ("UK"). The components of income before income taxes and equity in income of affiliated companies were as follows: Total income before income taxes and equity in income of affiliated Income tax expense consisted of the following: Note 17 - Income Taxes ($ in millions) Domestic (UK) Foreign companies ($ in millions) Current tax Domestic (UK) Foreign Total current tax Deferred tax Domestic (UK) Foreign Total deferred tax Income tax expense ($ in millions) Income tax expense at statutory rate Foreign tax rate differential Capital gain on the sale of the Russian business Non-deductible expenses, non-taxable items, net Change in valuation allowance Uncertain tax positions, net Other (1) Income tax expense Years ended June 30, 2023 2022 2021 $ 82 $ (58) $ 1,169 1,173 (25) 1,218 $ 1,251 $ 1,115 $ 1,193 Years ended June 30, 2023 2022 2021 $ 3 $ 2 $ 247 250 (6) (51) (57) 331 333 (10) (23) (33) $ 193 $ 300 $ 261 Years ended June 30, 2023 2022 2021 $ 256 $ 212 $ 227 (63) 54 16 (7) (39) (24) 43 — 4 62 (2) (19) 300 $ $ 193 $ 11 246 257 (1) 5 4 18 — 2 40 32 (58) 261 The following is a reconciliation of income tax computed at the UK statutory tax rate of 20.5%, 19.0%, and 19.0% for fiscal years 2023, 2022, and 2021, respectively, to income tax expense. (1) In fiscal year 2023, Other is comprised of effects of foreign currency exchange of $25 million, adjustments to prior year, movement in deferred tax positions, changes in tax rate, and other individually immaterial items. In fiscal year 2022, Other is comprised of adjustments to prior year, movements in deferred tax positions of $13 million, changes in tax rates, and other individually immaterial items. In fiscal year 2021, Other is comprised of adjustments to prior fiscal year, including one related to the crystallization of benefits from business restructuring of $45 million, changes in tax rate, and other individually immaterial items. Amcor operates in over forty different jurisdictions with a wide range of statutory tax rates. The tax expense from operating in non-UK jurisdictions in excess of the UK statutory tax rate is included in the line "Foreign tax rate differential" in the above tax rate reconciliation table. For fiscal year 2023, the Company's effective tax rate was 15.4% as compared to the effective tax rates of 26.9% and 21.9% for fiscal years 2022 and 2021, respectively. The lower effective tax rate for fiscal year 2023 is largely attributable to the non-taxable gain on the disposal of the Russian business and the release of provisions for uncertain tax positions related to the disposed Russian business. The increase in fiscal year 2022 compared to fiscal year 2021 was predominantly attributable to an increase in tax provisions for uncertain tax positions. FINAL FINAL Form10-K 107 Form10-K 108 Significant components of deferred tax assets and liabilities are as follows: ($ in millions) Deferred tax assets Inventories Accrued employee benefits Provisions Net operating loss carryforwards Tax credit carryforwards Accruals and other Total deferred tax assets Valuation allowance Net deferred tax assets Deferred tax liabilities Property, plant, and equipment Other intangible assets Derivatives and other financial instruments Undistributed foreign earnings Total deferred tax liabilities Net deferred tax liability Balance sheet location: Deferred tax assets Deferred tax liabilities Net deferred tax liability June 30, 2023 2022 $ 20 $ 70 4 332 37 46 509 (400) 109 (294) (259) (25) (13) (591) (482) 134 (616) (482) $ $ 15 62 18 325 39 48 507 (407) 100 (319) (304) (4) (20) (647) (547) 130 (677) (547) The Company maintains a valuation allowance on net operating losses and other deferred tax assets in jurisdictions for which it does not believe it is more likely than not to realize those deferred tax assets based upon all available positive and negative evidence, including historical operating performance, carry-back periods, reversal of taxable temporary differences, tax planning strategies, and earnings expectations. The Company's valuation allowance decreased by $7 million, increased by $4 million, and increased by $40 million for fiscal years 2023, 2022, and 2021, respectively. As of June 30, 2023, and 2022, the Company had total net operating loss carry forwards, including capital losses, in the amount of $1.3 billion and $1.2 billion, respectively, and tax credits of $37 million and $39 million, respectively. The vast majority of the losses and tax credits do not expire. The Company considers the following factors, among others, in evaluating its plans for indefinite reinvestment of its subsidiaries' earnings: (i) the forecasts, budgets, and financial requirements of the Company and its subsidiaries, both for the long-term and for the short-term; and (ii) the tax consequences of any decision to repatriate or reinvest earnings of any subsidiary. As of June 30, 2023, the Company has not provided deferred taxes on approximately $1.3 billion of earnings in certain foreign subsidiaries because such earnings are indefinitely reinvested in its international operations. Upon distribution of such earnings in the form of dividends or otherwise, the Company may be subject to incremental foreign tax. It is not practicable to estimate the amount of foreign tax that might be payable. As of June 30, 2023, a cumulative deferred tax liability of $13 million has been recorded attributable to undistributed earnings that the Company has deemed are not indefinitely reinvested. The remaining undistributed earnings of the Company's subsidiaries are not deemed to be indefinitely reinvested and can be repatriated at no tax cost. Accordingly, there is no provision for income or withholding taxes on these earnings. The Company accounts for its uncertain tax positions in accordance with ASC 740, "Income Taxes." At June 30, 2023, and 2022, unrecognized tax benefits totaled $155 million and $195 million, respectively, all of which would favorably impact the effective tax rate if recognized. The Company recognizes interest and penalties accrued related to unrecognized tax benefits in income tax expense. As of June 30, 2023, 2022, and 2021, the Company's accrual for interest and penalties for these uncertain tax positions was $13 93 94 Amcor Annual Report 2023 FINAL FINAL Form10-K 109 million, $12 million, and $12 million, respectively. The Company does not currently anticipate that the total amount of unrecognized tax benefits will result in material changes to its financial position within the next 12 months. Note 18 - Share-based Compensation A reconciliation of the beginning and ending amount of unrecognized tax benefits for the fiscal years presented is as performance rights, and share rights. The Company's equity incentive plans include grants of share options, restricted share units, performance shares, follows: ($ in millions) 2023 June 30, 2022 2021 Balance at the beginning of the year $ 195 $ 133 $ Additions based on tax positions related to the current year Additions for tax positions of prior years Reductions for tax positions from prior years Reductions for settlements Reductions due to lapse of statute of limitations Balance at the end of the year 12 24 (69) (5) (2) 50 19 (6) — (1) $ 155 $ 195 $ 101 39 7 (12) — (2) 133 The Company conducts business in a number of tax jurisdictions and, as such, is required to file income tax returns in multiple jurisdictions globally. The fiscal years 2017 through 2022 remain open for examination by the United States Internal Revenue Service ("IRS"), the fiscal year 2021 remains open for examination by His Majesty’s Revenue & Customs ("HMRC"), and the fiscal years 2011 through 2022 are currently subject to audit or remain open for examination in various tax jurisdictions. The Company believes that its income tax reserves are adequately maintained taking into consideration both the technical merits of its tax return positions and ongoing developments in its income tax audits. However, the final determination of the Company's tax return positions, if audited, is uncertain and therefore there is a possibility that final resolution of these matters could have a material impact on the Company's results of operations or cash flows. In fiscal years 2023, 2022, and 2021, share options and performance rights or performance shares (awarded to U.S. participants in place of performance rights) were granted to officers and employees. The exercise price for share options was set at the time of grant. The requisite service period for outstanding share options, performance rights, or performance shares ranges from two to three years. The awards are also subject to performance and market conditions. At vesting, share options can be exercised and converted to ordinary shares on a one-for-one basis, subject to payment of the exercise price. The contractual term of the share options ranges from five to six years from the grant date. At vesting, performance rights can be exercised and converted to ordinary shares on a one-for-one basis. Performance shares vest automatically and convert to ordinary shares on a one-for-one basis. date. Restricted share units may be granted to directors, officers, and employees of the Company and vest on terms as described in the award. The restrictions prevent the participant from disposing of the restricted share units during the vesting period. The fair value of restricted share units is determined based on the closing price of the Company's shares on the grant Share rights may be granted to directors, officers, and employees of the Company and vest on terms as described in the award. The restrictions prevent the participant from disposing of the share rights during the vesting period. The fair value of share rights is determined based on the closing price of the Company's shares on the grant date, adjusted for dividend yield. As of June 30, 2023, 41 million shares were reserved for future grants. The Company uses treasury shares to settle share-based compensation obligations. Treasury shares are acquired through market purchases throughout the fiscal year for the required number of shares. Share-based compensation expense was primarily recorded in selling, general, and administrative expenses in the consolidated statements of income. The total share-based compensation expense in fiscal years 2023, 2022, and 2021 amounted to $54 million, $63 million, and $58 million, As of June 30, 2023, there was $71 million of total unrecognized compensation cost related to all unvested share options and other equity incentive plans. That cost is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of 1.8 years. The weighted-average grant date fair values by type of equity incentive plan for awards granted in fiscal years 2023, 2022, and 2021 were as follows: (in $ per unit of award) Share options (1) Restricted share units Performance rights/shares (2) Share rights For the years ended June 30, 2023 2022 2021 1.66 11.91 8.18 10.90 1.29 11.62 9.40 11.44 1.08 11.06 7.22 10.22 (1) The fair value of share options was determined using Black-Scholes option pricing model with the following key assumptions for the fiscal years ended June 30, 2023, 2022, and 2021, respectively: risk-free interest rate of 3.4% (2022: 1.0%, 2021: 0.2%), expected share-price volatility of 23.0% (2022: 22.0%, 2021: 25.0%), expected dividend yield of 4.0% (2022: 4.1%, 2021: 4.7%), and expected life of options of 6.1 years (2022: 6.1 years, 2021: 6.1 years). (2) The fair value of performance rights/shares was determined using a combination of Black-Scholes option pricing model and Monte Carlo simulation. The key assumptions for the fiscal years ended June 30, 2023, 2022, and 2021, respectively, were: risk-free interest rate of 3.5% (2022: 0.4%, 2021: 0.2%), expected share-price volatility of 23.0% (2022: 22.0%, 2021: 25.0%), and expected dividend yield of 4.0% (2022: 4.1%, 2021: 4.7%). 95 96 Amcor Annual Report 2023 FINAL FINAL Form10-K 109 Form10-K 110 million, $12 million, and $12 million, respectively. The Company does not currently anticipate that the total amount of Note 18 - Share-based Compensation unrecognized tax benefits will result in material changes to its financial position within the next 12 months. A reconciliation of the beginning and ending amount of unrecognized tax benefits for the fiscal years presented is as performance rights, and share rights. The Company's equity incentive plans include grants of share options, restricted share units, performance shares, follows: ($ in millions) Balance at the beginning of the year Additions based on tax positions related to the current year Additions for tax positions of prior years Reductions for tax positions from prior years Reductions for settlements Reductions due to lapse of statute of limitations Balance at the end of the year 2023 2021 June 30, 2022 $ 195 $ 133 $ 12 24 (69) (5) (2) 50 19 (6) — (1) $ 155 $ 195 $ 101 39 7 (12) — (2) 133 The Company conducts business in a number of tax jurisdictions and, as such, is required to file income tax returns in multiple jurisdictions globally. The fiscal years 2017 through 2022 remain open for examination by the United States Internal Revenue Service ("IRS"), the fiscal year 2021 remains open for examination by His Majesty’s Revenue & Customs ("HMRC"), and the fiscal years 2011 through 2022 are currently subject to audit or remain open for examination in various tax jurisdictions. The Company believes that its income tax reserves are adequately maintained taking into consideration both the technical merits of its tax return positions and ongoing developments in its income tax audits. However, the final determination of the Company's tax return positions, if audited, is uncertain and therefore there is a possibility that final resolution of these matters could have a material impact on the Company's results of operations or cash flows. In fiscal years 2023, 2022, and 2021, share options and performance rights or performance shares (awarded to U.S. participants in place of performance rights) were granted to officers and employees. The exercise price for share options was set at the time of grant. The requisite service period for outstanding share options, performance rights, or performance shares ranges from two to three years. The awards are also subject to performance and market conditions. At vesting, share options can be exercised and converted to ordinary shares on a one-for-one basis, subject to payment of the exercise price. The contractual term of the share options ranges from five to six years from the grant date. At vesting, performance rights can be exercised and converted to ordinary shares on a one-for-one basis. Performance shares vest automatically and convert to ordinary shares on a one-for-one basis. Restricted share units may be granted to directors, officers, and employees of the Company and vest on terms as described in the award. The restrictions prevent the participant from disposing of the restricted share units during the vesting period. The fair value of restricted share units is determined based on the closing price of the Company's shares on the grant date. Share rights may be granted to directors, officers, and employees of the Company and vest on terms as described in the award. The restrictions prevent the participant from disposing of the share rights during the vesting period. The fair value of share rights is determined based on the closing price of the Company's shares on the grant date, adjusted for dividend yield. As of June 30, 2023, 41 million shares were reserved for future grants. The Company uses treasury shares to settle share-based compensation obligations. Treasury shares are acquired through market purchases throughout the fiscal year for the required number of shares. Share-based compensation expense was primarily recorded in selling, general, and administrative expenses in the consolidated statements of income. The total share-based compensation expense in fiscal years 2023, 2022, and 2021 amounted to $54 million, $63 million, and $58 million, As of June 30, 2023, there was $71 million of total unrecognized compensation cost related to all unvested share options and other equity incentive plans. That cost is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of 1.8 years. The weighted-average grant date fair values by type of equity incentive plan for awards granted in fiscal years 2023, 2022, and 2021 were as follows: (in $ per unit of award) Share options (1) Restricted share units Performance rights/shares (2) Share rights For the years ended June 30, 2022 2021 2023 1.66 11.91 8.18 10.90 1.29 11.62 9.40 11.44 1.08 11.06 7.22 10.22 (1) The fair value of share options was determined using Black-Scholes option pricing model with the following key assumptions for the fiscal years ended June 30, 2023, 2022, and 2021, respectively: risk-free interest rate of 3.4% (2022: 1.0%, 2021: 0.2%), expected share-price volatility of 23.0% (2022: 22.0%, 2021: 25.0%), expected dividend yield of 4.0% (2022: 4.1%, 2021: 4.7%), and expected life of options of 6.1 years (2022: 6.1 years, 2021: 6.1 years). (2) The fair value of performance rights/shares was determined using a combination of Black-Scholes option pricing model and Monte Carlo simulation. The key assumptions for the fiscal years ended June 30, 2023, 2022, and 2021, respectively, were: risk-free interest rate of 3.5% (2022: 0.4%, 2021: 0.2%), expected share-price volatility of 23.0% (2022: 22.0%, 2021: 25.0%), and expected dividend yield of 4.0% (2022: 4.1%, 2021: 4.7%). 95 96 Amcor Annual Report 2023 FINAL FINAL Form10-K 111 Changes in outstanding share options were as follows: Share options outstanding at June 30, 2022 Granted Exercised Forfeited Share options outstanding at June 30, 2023 Vested and exercisable at June 30, 2023 Share options Number (in millions) Weighted- average Exercise Price 45 $ 7 (13) (6) 33 9 $ 10.66 11.79 9.88 10.24 11.29 10.06 As of June 30, 2023, the share options outstanding have an intrinsic value of $1 million and a remaining weighted average contractual life of 3.7 years. As of June 30, 2023, the share options that have vested and are exercisable have an intrinsic value of $1 million and a remaining weighted average contractual life of 2.1 years. The Company received $134 million, $114 million, and $30 million on the exercise of stock options during the fiscal years ended June 30, 2023, 2022, and 2021, respectively. During the fiscal years ended June 30, 2023, 2022, and 2021, the intrinsic value associated with the exercise of share options was $31 million, $15 million, and $6 million, respectively. The grant date fair value of share options vested was $15 million, $13 million, and $2 million for fiscal years ended June 30, 2023, 2022, and 2021, respectively. Changes in outstanding other equity incentive plans and the fair values vested are presented below: Restricted share units Performance rights/shares Share rights Number (in millions) Weighted- average Grant Date Fair Value Number (in millions) Weighted- average Grant Date Fair Value Number (in millions) Weighted- average Grant Date Fair Value Outstanding at June 30, 2022 Granted Exercised Forfeited 1 $ 1 (1) — 11.41 11.91 11.16 — Outstanding at June 30, 2023 1 $ 11.67 11 $ 4 (3) (1) 11 $ 7.79 8.18 6.65 7.46 8.20 4 $ 2 (2) — 10.90 10.90 10.26 — 4 $ 11.22 Fair value vested ($ in millions) Restricted share units Performance rights/shares Share rights Year Ended June 30, 2023 $ Year Ended June 30, 2022 Year Ended June 30, 2021 2 3 3 $ 16 8 3 $ 20 7 5 Note 19 - Earnings Per Share Computations The Company applies the two-class method when computing its earnings per share ("EPS"), which requires that net income per share for each class of share be calculated assuming all of the Company's net income is distributed as dividends to each class of share based on their contractual rights. Basic EPS is computed by dividing net income available to ordinary shareholders by the weighted-average number of ordinary shares outstanding after excluding the ordinary shares to be repurchased using forward contracts. Diluted EPS includes the effects of share options, restricted share units, performance rights, performance shares, and share rights, if dilutive. ($ in millions, except per share amounts) Numerator Net income attributable to Amcor plc Distributed and undistributed earnings attributable to shares to be repurchased Net income available to ordinary shareholders of Amcor plc—basic and diluted Years ended June 30, 2023 2022 2021 $ $ 1,048 $ 805 $ (7) (3) 1,041 $ 802 $ 939 (2) 937 Denominator Weighted-average ordinary shares outstanding Weighted-average ordinary shares to be repurchased by Amcor plc Weighted-average ordinary shares outstanding for EPS—basic Effect of dilutive shares Weighted-average ordinary shares outstanding for EPS—diluted Per ordinary share income Basic earnings per ordinary share Diluted earnings per ordinary share 1,478 1,514 (10) (5) 1,468 8 1,476 1,509 6 1,516 1,553 (2) 1,551 5 1,556 $ $ 0.709 $ 0.705 $ 0.532 $ 0.529 $ 0.604 0.602 Certain stock awards outstanding were not included in the computation of diluted earnings per share above because they would not have had a dilutive effect. The excluded stock awards represented an aggregate of 16 million, 7 million, and 6 million shares at June 30, 2023, 2022, and 2021, respectively. Basic and diluted weighted average ordinary shares outstanding have decreased in fiscal years 2023, 2022, and 2021 due to share repurchases. 97 98 Amcor Annual Report 2023 FINAL FINAL Form10-K 111 Form10-K 112 Note 19 - Earnings Per Share Computations The Company applies the two-class method when computing its earnings per share ("EPS"), which requires that net income per share for each class of share be calculated assuming all of the Company's net income is distributed as dividends to each class of share based on their contractual rights. Basic EPS is computed by dividing net income available to ordinary shareholders by the weighted-average number of ordinary shares outstanding after excluding the ordinary shares to be repurchased using forward contracts. Diluted EPS includes the effects of share options, restricted share units, performance rights, performance shares, and share rights, if dilutive. As of June 30, 2023, the share options outstanding have an intrinsic value of $1 million and a remaining weighted Distributed and undistributed earnings attributable to shares to be repurchased average contractual life of 3.7 years. As of June 30, 2023, the share options that have vested and are exercisable have an Net income available to ordinary shareholders of Amcor plc—basic and diluted intrinsic value of $1 million and a remaining weighted average contractual life of 2.1 years. ($ in millions, except per share amounts) Numerator Net income attributable to Amcor plc Denominator Weighted-average ordinary shares outstanding Weighted-average ordinary shares to be repurchased by Amcor plc Weighted-average ordinary shares outstanding for EPS—basic Effect of dilutive shares Weighted-average ordinary shares outstanding for EPS—diluted Per ordinary share income Basic earnings per ordinary share Diluted earnings per ordinary share Years ended June 30, 2022 2021 2023 $ $ 1,048 $ 805 $ (7) (3) 1,041 $ 802 $ 939 (2) 937 1,478 1,514 (10) (5) 1,468 8 1,476 1,509 6 1,516 1,553 (2) 1,551 5 1,556 $ $ 0.709 $ 0.705 $ 0.532 $ 0.529 $ 0.604 0.602 Certain stock awards outstanding were not included in the computation of diluted earnings per share above because they would not have had a dilutive effect. The excluded stock awards represented an aggregate of 16 million, 7 million, and 6 million shares at June 30, 2023, 2022, and 2021, respectively. Basic and diluted weighted average ordinary shares outstanding have decreased in fiscal years 2023, 2022, and 2021 due to share repurchases. Changes in outstanding share options were as follows: Share options outstanding at June 30, 2022 Granted Exercised Forfeited Share options outstanding at June 30, 2023 Vested and exercisable at June 30, 2023 Share options Number Weighted- average (in millions) Exercise Price 45 $ 7 (13) (6) 33 9 $ 10.66 11.79 9.88 10.24 11.29 10.06 The Company received $134 million, $114 million, and $30 million on the exercise of stock options during the fiscal years ended June 30, 2023, 2022, and 2021, respectively. During the fiscal years ended June 30, 2023, 2022, and 2021, the intrinsic value associated with the exercise of share options was $31 million, $15 million, and $6 million, respectively. The grant date fair value of share options vested was $15 million, $13 million, and $2 million for fiscal years ended June 30, 2023, 2022, and 2021, respectively. Changes in outstanding other equity incentive plans and the fair values vested are presented below: Restricted share units Performance rights/shares Share rights Number (in millions) Weighted- average Grant Date Fair Value Number (in millions) Weighted- average Grant Date Fair Value Number (in millions) Weighted- average Grant Date Fair Value Outstanding at June 30, 2022 Granted Exercised Forfeited 1 $ 1 (1) — 11.41 11.91 11.16 — Outstanding at June 30, 2023 1 $ 11.67 7.79 8.18 6.65 7.46 8.20 4 $ 2 (2) — 10.90 10.90 10.26 — 4 $ 11.22 Year Ended June 30, 2023 $ $ $ Restricted share units Performance rights/shares Share rights Fair value vested ($ in millions) Year Ended June 30, 2022 Year Ended June 30, 2021 2 3 3 20 7 5 11 $ 4 (3) (1) 11 $ 16 8 3 97 98 Amcor Annual Report 2023 FINAL FINAL Form10-K 113 Note 20 - Contingencies and Legal Proceedings Contingencies - Brazil Note 21 - Segments The Company's business is organized and presented in the two reportable segments outlined below: The Company's operations in Brazil are involved in various governmental assessments and litigation, principally Flexibles: Consists of operations that manufacture flexible and film packaging in the food and beverage, medical and related to claims for excise and income taxes. The Company vigorously defends its positions and believes it will prevail on most, if not all, of these matters. The Company does not believe that the ultimate resolution of these matters will materially impact the Company's consolidated results of operations, financial position, or cash flows. Under customary local regulations, the Company's Brazilian subsidiaries may need to post cash or other collateral if a challenge to any administrative assessment proceeds to the Brazilian court system; however, the level of cash or collateral already pledged or potentially required to be pledged would not significantly impact the Company's liquidity. At June 30, 2023, the Company has recorded accruals of $14 million, included in other non-current liabilities in the consolidated balance sheets. The Company has estimated a reasonably possible loss exposure in excess of the accrual of $26 million as of June 30, 2023. The litigation process is subject to many uncertainties and the outcome of individual matters cannot be accurately predicted. The Company routinely assesses these matters as to the probability of ultimately incurring a liability and records the best estimate of the ultimate loss in situations where the likelihood of an ultimate loss is probable. The Company's assessments are based on its knowledge and experience, but the ultimate outcome of any of these matters may differ from the Company's estimates. As of June 30, 2023, the Company provided letters of credit of $16 million, judicial insurance of $2 million, and similarity in economic characteristics and future prospects, similarity in the products they offer, their production technologies, deposited cash of $14 million with the courts to continue to defend the cases referenced above. the customers they serve, the nature of their service delivery models, and their regulatory environments. Contingencies - Environmental Matters The Company, along with others, has been identified as a potentially responsible party ("PRP") at several waste that the Company does not consider indicative of its ongoing operating performance and to include equity in income of disposal sites under U.S. federal and related state environmental statutes and regulations and may face potentially material environmental remediation obligations. While the Company benefits from various forms of insurance policies, actual coverage may not, or only partially, cover the total potential exposures. As of June 30, 2023, the Company has recorded aggregate accruals of $9 million for its share of estimated future remediation costs at these sites. In addition to the matters described above, as of June 30, 2023, the Company has also recorded aggregate accruals of $54 million for potential liabilities for remediation obligations at various worldwide locations that are owned or operated by the Company or were formerly owned or operated. The SEC requires the Company to disclose certain information about proceedings arising under federal, state, or local environmental provisions if the Company reasonably believes that such proceeding may result in monetary sanctions above a stated threshold. Pursuant to SEC regulations, the Company uses a threshold of $1 million or more for purposes of determining whether disclosure of any such proceedings is required. Applying this threshold, there are no environmental matters required to be disclosed for the fiscal year ended June 30, 2023. While the Company believes that its accruals are adequate to cover its future obligations, there can be no assurance that the ultimate payments will not exceed the accrued amounts. Nevertheless, based on the available information, the Company does not believe that its potential environmental obligations will have a material adverse effect upon its liquidity, results of operations, or financial condition. Other Matters In the normal course of business, the Company is subject to legal proceedings, lawsuits, and other claims. While the potential financial impact with respect to these ordinary course matters is subject to many factors and uncertainties, management believes that any financial impact to the Company from these matters, individually and in the aggregate, would not have a material adverse effect on the Company's financial position or results of operation. pharmaceutical, fresh produce, snack food, personal care, and other industries. The Russian business results through the date of disposal are included in the Flexibles reportable segment. Rigid Packaging: Consists of operations that manufacture rigid containers for a broad range of predominantly beverage and food products, including carbonated soft drinks, water, juices, sports drinks, milk-based beverages, spirits and beer, sauces, dressings, spreads and personal care items, and plastic caps for a wide variety of applications. Other consists of the Company's undistributed corporate expenses including executive and functional compensation costs, equity method and other investments, intercompany eliminations, and other business activities. Operating segments are organized along the Company's product lines and geographical areas. The Company's five Flexibles operating segments (Flexibles Europe, Middle East and Africa; Flexibles North America; Flexibles Latin America; Flexibles Asia Pacific; and Specialty Cartons) have been aggregated in the Flexibles reportable segment as they exhibit The Company evaluates performance and allocates resources based on adjusted earnings before interest and taxes ("Adjusted EBIT"). The Company defines Adjusted EBIT as operating income adjusted to eliminate the impact of certain items affiliated companies, net of tax. The accounting policies of the reportable segments are the same as those in the consolidated financial statements. 99 100 Amcor Annual Report 2023 FINAL FINAL Form10-K 113 Form10-K 114 Note 21 - Segments The Company's business is organized and presented in the two reportable segments outlined below: Flexibles: Consists of operations that manufacture flexible and film packaging in the food and beverage, medical and pharmaceutical, fresh produce, snack food, personal care, and other industries. The Russian business results through the date of disposal are included in the Flexibles reportable segment. Rigid Packaging: Consists of operations that manufacture rigid containers for a broad range of predominantly beverage and food products, including carbonated soft drinks, water, juices, sports drinks, milk-based beverages, spirits and beer, sauces, dressings, spreads and personal care items, and plastic caps for a wide variety of applications. Other consists of the Company's undistributed corporate expenses including executive and functional compensation costs, equity method and other investments, intercompany eliminations, and other business activities. Operating segments are organized along the Company's product lines and geographical areas. The Company's five Flexibles operating segments (Flexibles Europe, Middle East and Africa; Flexibles North America; Flexibles Latin America; Flexibles Asia Pacific; and Specialty Cartons) have been aggregated in the Flexibles reportable segment as they exhibit similarity in economic characteristics and future prospects, similarity in the products they offer, their production technologies, the customers they serve, the nature of their service delivery models, and their regulatory environments. The Company evaluates performance and allocates resources based on adjusted earnings before interest and taxes ("Adjusted EBIT"). The Company defines Adjusted EBIT as operating income adjusted to eliminate the impact of certain items that the Company does not consider indicative of its ongoing operating performance and to include equity in income of affiliated companies, net of tax. The accounting policies of the reportable segments are the same as those in the consolidated financial statements. Note 20 - Contingencies and Legal Proceedings Contingencies - Brazil The Company's operations in Brazil are involved in various governmental assessments and litigation, principally related to claims for excise and income taxes. The Company vigorously defends its positions and believes it will prevail on most, if not all, of these matters. The Company does not believe that the ultimate resolution of these matters will materially impact the Company's consolidated results of operations, financial position, or cash flows. Under customary local regulations, the Company's Brazilian subsidiaries may need to post cash or other collateral if a challenge to any administrative assessment proceeds to the Brazilian court system; however, the level of cash or collateral already pledged or potentially required to be pledged would not significantly impact the Company's liquidity. At June 30, 2023, the Company has recorded accruals of $14 million, included in other non-current liabilities in the consolidated balance sheets. The Company has estimated a reasonably possible loss exposure in excess of the accrual of $26 million as of June 30, 2023. The litigation process is subject to many uncertainties and the outcome of individual matters cannot be accurately predicted. The Company routinely assesses these matters as to the probability of ultimately incurring a liability and records the best estimate of the ultimate loss in situations where the likelihood of an ultimate loss is probable. The Company's assessments are based on its knowledge and experience, but the ultimate outcome of any of these matters may differ from the Company's estimates. As of June 30, 2023, the Company provided letters of credit of $16 million, judicial insurance of $2 million, and deposited cash of $14 million with the courts to continue to defend the cases referenced above. Contingencies - Environmental Matters The Company, along with others, has been identified as a potentially responsible party ("PRP") at several waste disposal sites under U.S. federal and related state environmental statutes and regulations and may face potentially material environmental remediation obligations. While the Company benefits from various forms of insurance policies, actual coverage may not, or only partially, cover the total potential exposures. As of June 30, 2023, the Company has recorded aggregate accruals of $9 million for its share of estimated future remediation costs at these sites. In addition to the matters described above, as of June 30, 2023, the Company has also recorded aggregate accruals of $54 million for potential liabilities for remediation obligations at various worldwide locations that are owned or operated by the Company or were formerly owned or operated. The SEC requires the Company to disclose certain information about proceedings arising under federal, state, or local environmental provisions if the Company reasonably believes that such proceeding may result in monetary sanctions above a stated threshold. Pursuant to SEC regulations, the Company uses a threshold of $1 million or more for purposes of determining whether disclosure of any such proceedings is required. Applying this threshold, there are no environmental matters required to be disclosed for the fiscal year ended June 30, 2023. While the Company believes that its accruals are adequate to cover its future obligations, there can be no assurance that the ultimate payments will not exceed the accrued amounts. Nevertheless, based on the available information, the Company does not believe that its potential environmental obligations will have a material adverse effect upon its liquidity, results of operations, or financial condition. Other Matters In the normal course of business, the Company is subject to legal proceedings, lawsuits, and other claims. While the potential financial impact with respect to these ordinary course matters is subject to many factors and uncertainties, management believes that any financial impact to the Company from these matters, individually and in the aggregate, would not have a material adverse effect on the Company's financial position or results of operation. 99 100 Amcor Annual Report 2023 FINAL FINAL Form10-K 115 The following table presents information about reportable segments. Intersegment sales are not material and therefore The tables below present additional financial information by reportable segments: are not presented in the table below. ($ in millions) Flexibles Rigid Packaging Other Net sales Adjusted earnings before interest and taxes ("Adjusted EBIT") Flexibles Rigid Packaging Other Adjusted EBIT Less: 2018/2019 Restructuring programs (1) Less: Amortization of acquired intangible assets from business combinations (2) Less: Impact of hyperinflation (3) Less: Pension settlements (4) Add/(Less): Net gain/(loss) on disposals (5) Less: Property and other losses, net (6) Add/(Less): Russia-Ukraine conflict impacts (7) Add/(Less): Other (8) Interest income Interest expense Years ended June 30, 2022 2021 2023 $ 11,154 $ 11,151 $ 10,038 3,540 — 3,393 — 2,823 — $ 14,694 $ 14,544 $ 12,861 1,429 265 1,517 289 (86) (105) 1,608 — 1,701 (37) (160) (163) (24) (5) — (2) 90 3 31 (16) (8) (10) (13) (200) (4) 24 1,427 299 (105) 1,621 (88) (165) (19) — 9 — — (7) 14 (290) — 1,251 $ (159) — 1,115 $ (153) (19) 1,193 Equity in income of affiliated companies, net of tax Income before income taxes and equity in income of affiliated companies $ (1) 2018/2019 Restructuring programs includes restructuring and related expenses for the 2019 Bemis Integration Plan for fiscal year 2022, and 2018 Rigid Packaging Restructuring Plan and the 2019 Bemis Integration Plan for fiscal year 2021. Refer to Note 7, "Restructuring," for more information. (2) Amortization of acquired intangible assets from business combinations includes amortization expenses related to all acquired (3) intangible assets from past acquisitions. Impact of hyperinflation includes the adverse impact of highly inflationary accounting for subsidiaries in Argentina where the functional currency was the Argentine Peso. (4) Pension settlements in fiscal year 2023 primarily includes the settlement of a small European plan and in fiscal year 2022 the purchase of group annuity contracts and transfer of pension plan assets and related benefit obligations. Refer to Note 13, "Pension Plans," for more information. (5) Net gain/(loss) on disposals, excluding the disposal of the Company's Russian business, includes an expense of $10 million from the disposal of non-core assets in fiscal year 2022. Refer to Note 11, "Fair Value Measurements," for more information. Fiscal year 2021 includes the gain realized upon the disposal of AMVIG and the loss upon disposal of other non-core businesses not part of material restructuring programs. Refer to Note 8, "Equity Method and Other Investments," for further information on the disposal of AMVIG and Note 5, "Acquisitions and Divestitures," for more information regarding the other disposals. (6) Property and other losses, net in fiscal year 2023 includes property claims and losses of $5 million and $3 million of net insurance recovery related to the closure of the Company's South African business. Fiscal year 2022 includes business losses primarily associated with the destruction of the Company's Durban, South Africa facility during general civil unrest in July 2021, net of insurance recovery. (7) Russia-Ukraine conflict impacts in fiscal year 2023 includes a pre-tax net gain on the sale of the Company's Russian business of $215 million, incremental costs of $18 million, and restructuring and related expenses of $107 million incurred in connection with the conflict. Fiscal year 2022 includes $138 million of impairment charges, $57 million of restructuring and related expenses, and $5 million of other expenses. Refer to Note 4, "Restructuring, Impairment, and Other Related Activities, Net, " and Note 7, "Restructuring," for further information. (8) Other in fiscal year 2023 includes restructuring, acquisition, litigation, and integration expenses of $13 million and fair value gains of $16 million on economic hedges. Fiscal years 2022 and 2021 include costs associated with the Bemis transaction and fiscal year 2021 also includes a $19 million benefit related to Brazil indirect taxes resulting from a May 2021 Brazil Supreme Court decision. 101 102 Capital expenditures for the acquisition of long-lived assets by reportable segment were: Total capital expenditures for the acquisition of long-lived assets 526 $ 527 $ Depreciation and amortization by reportable segment were: Years ended June 30, 2023 2022 2021 384 $ 376 $ 133 9 136 15 Years ended June 30, 2023 2022 2021 436 $ 450 $ 125 8 120 9 569 $ 579 $ 336 127 5 468 447 115 10 572 $ $ $ $ ($ in millions) Flexibles Rigid Packaging Other ($ in millions) Flexibles Rigid Packaging Other Total depreciation and amortization Total assets by segment is not disclosed as the Company's Chief Operating Decision Maker does not use total assets by segment to evaluate segment performance or allocate resources and capital. The Company did not have sales to a single customer that exceeded 10% of consolidated net sales for the fiscal years ended June 30, 2023, 2022, and 2021, respectively. Sales by major product were: ($ in millions) Films and other flexible products Specialty flexible folding cartons Containers, preforms, and closures Net sales Segment Flexibles Flexibles Rigid Packaging Years ended June 30, 2023 2022 2021 $ 10,061 $ 10,033 $ 1,093 3,540 1,118 3,393 8,934 1,104 2,823 $ 14,694 $ 14,544 $ 12,861 The following table provides long-lived asset information for the major countries in which the Company operates. Long-lived assets include property, plant, and equipment, net of accumulated depreciation and impairments. ($ in millions) United States of America Other countries (1) Long-lived assets June 30, 2023 2022 $ $ 1,710 $ 2,052 3,762 $ 1,720 1,926 3,646 (1) Includes the Company's country of domicile, Jersey. The Company had no long-lived assets in Jersey in any period shown. No individual country represented more than 10% of the respective totals. The following tables disaggregate net sales information by geography in which the Company operates based on manufacturing or selling operations: Amcor Annual Report 2023 FINAL FINAL Form10-K 115 Form10-K 116 The following table presents information about reportable segments. Intersegment sales are not material and therefore The tables below present additional financial information by reportable segments: are not presented in the table below. Capital expenditures for the acquisition of long-lived assets by reportable segment were: Adjusted earnings before interest and taxes ("Adjusted EBIT") Total capital expenditures for the acquisition of long-lived assets ($ in millions) Flexibles Rigid Packaging Other Depreciation and amortization by reportable segment were: ($ in millions) Flexibles Rigid Packaging Other Total depreciation and amortization Years ended June 30, 2022 2021 2023 384 $ 376 $ 133 9 136 15 526 $ 527 $ 336 127 5 468 Years ended June 30, 2022 2021 2023 436 $ 450 $ 125 8 120 9 569 $ 579 $ 447 115 10 572 $ $ $ $ Total assets by segment is not disclosed as the Company's Chief Operating Decision Maker does not use total assets by segment to evaluate segment performance or allocate resources and capital. The Company did not have sales to a single customer that exceeded 10% of consolidated net sales for the fiscal years ended June 30, 2023, 2022, and 2021, respectively. (290) (159) Sales by major product were: ($ in millions) Films and other flexible products Specialty flexible folding cartons Containers, preforms, and closures Net sales Segment Flexibles Flexibles Rigid Packaging Years ended June 30, 2022 2021 2023 $ 10,061 $ 10,033 $ 1,093 1,118 3,540 14,694 $ 3,393 14,544 $ $ 8,934 1,104 2,823 12,861 (4) Pension settlements in fiscal year 2023 primarily includes the settlement of a small European plan and in fiscal year 2022 the purchase of group annuity contracts and transfer of pension plan assets and related benefit obligations. Refer to Note 13, "Pension The following table provides long-lived asset information for the major countries in which the Company operates. Long-lived assets include property, plant, and equipment, net of accumulated depreciation and impairments. ($ in millions) United States of America Other countries (1) Long-lived assets June 30, 2023 2022 $ $ 1,710 $ 2,052 3,762 $ 1,720 1,926 3,646 (1) Includes the Company's country of domicile, Jersey. The Company had no long-lived assets in Jersey in any period shown. No individual country represented more than 10% of the respective totals. The following tables disaggregate net sales information by geography in which the Company operates based on manufacturing or selling operations: ($ in millions) Flexibles Rigid Packaging Other Net sales Flexibles Rigid Packaging Other Adjusted EBIT Less: 2018/2019 Restructuring programs (1) Less: Amortization of acquired intangible assets from business combinations (2) Less: Impact of hyperinflation (3) Less: Pension settlements (4) Add/(Less): Net gain/(loss) on disposals (5) Less: Property and other losses, net (6) Add/(Less): Russia-Ukraine conflict impacts (7) Add/(Less): Other (8) Interest income Interest expense Years ended June 30, 2023 2022 2021 $ 11,154 $ 11,151 $ 10,038 $ 14,694 $ 14,544 $ 12,861 (86) (105) (160) (163) 3,540 — 1,429 265 1,608 — (24) (5) — (2) 90 3 31 — 3,393 — 1,517 289 1,701 (37) (16) (8) (10) (13) (200) (4) 24 — 2,823 — 1,427 299 (105) 1,621 (88) (165) (19) — 9 — — (7) 14 (153) (19) Equity in income of affiliated companies, net of tax Income before income taxes and equity in income of affiliated companies $ 1,251 $ 1,115 $ 1,193 (1) 2018/2019 Restructuring programs includes restructuring and related expenses for the 2019 Bemis Integration Plan for fiscal year 2022, and 2018 Rigid Packaging Restructuring Plan and the 2019 Bemis Integration Plan for fiscal year 2021. Refer to Note 7, (2) Amortization of acquired intangible assets from business combinations includes amortization expenses related to all acquired (3) Impact of hyperinflation includes the adverse impact of highly inflationary accounting for subsidiaries in Argentina where the "Restructuring," for more information. intangible assets from past acquisitions. functional currency was the Argentine Peso. Plans," for more information. (5) Net gain/(loss) on disposals, excluding the disposal of the Company's Russian business, includes an expense of $10 million from the disposal of non-core assets in fiscal year 2022. Refer to Note 11, "Fair Value Measurements," for more information. Fiscal year 2021 includes the gain realized upon the disposal of AMVIG and the loss upon disposal of other non-core businesses not part of material restructuring programs. Refer to Note 8, "Equity Method and Other Investments," for further information on the disposal of AMVIG and Note 5, "Acquisitions and Divestitures," for more information regarding the other disposals. (6) Property and other losses, net in fiscal year 2023 includes property claims and losses of $5 million and $3 million of net insurance recovery related to the closure of the Company's South African business. Fiscal year 2022 includes business losses primarily associated with the destruction of the Company's Durban, South Africa facility during general civil unrest in July 2021, net of insurance recovery. (7) Russia-Ukraine conflict impacts in fiscal year 2023 includes a pre-tax net gain on the sale of the Company's Russian business of $215 million, incremental costs of $18 million, and restructuring and related expenses of $107 million incurred in connection with the conflict. Fiscal year 2022 includes $138 million of impairment charges, $57 million of restructuring and related expenses, and $5 million of other expenses. Refer to Note 4, "Restructuring, Impairment, and Other Related Activities, Net, " and Note 7, "Restructuring," for further information. (8) Other in fiscal year 2023 includes restructuring, acquisition, litigation, and integration expenses of $13 million and fair value gains of $16 million on economic hedges. Fiscal years 2022 and 2021 include costs associated with the Bemis transaction and fiscal year 2021 also includes a $19 million benefit related to Brazil indirect taxes resulting from a May 2021 Brazil Supreme Court decision. 101 102 Amcor Annual Report 2023 FINAL FINAL Form10-K 117 Year Ended June 30, 2023 Rigid Packaging Total Flexibles $ 4,411 $ 2,745 $ 1,114 3,952 1,677 795 — — 7,156 1,909 3,952 1,677 $ 11,154 $ 3,540 $ 14,694 Amcor Finance Australia Pty Ltd Amcor Flexibles (Port Melbourne) Pty Ltd Year Ended June 30, 2022 Rigid Packaging Total Flexibles $ 4,296 $ 2,656 $ 1,060 4,062 1,733 737 — — 6,952 1,797 4,062 1,733 $ 11,151 $ 3,393 $ 14,544 Year Ended June 30, 2021 Rigid Packaging Total Flexibles $ 3,719 $ 2,319 $ 914 3,828 1,577 504 — — 6,038 1,418 3,828 1,577 $ 10,038 $ 2,823 $ 12,861 Note 22 - Deed of Cross Guarantee The parent entity, Amcor plc, and its wholly owned subsidiaries listed below are subject to a Deed of Cross Guarantee dated June 24, 2019 (the "Deed") under which each company guarantees the debts of the others: Amcor Pty Ltd Amcor Services Pty Ltd Amcor Investments Pty Ltd Amcor Holdings (Australia) Pty Ltd Amcor Flexibles Group Pty Ltd Amcor Flexibles (Australia) Pty Ltd Amcor European Holdings Pty Ltd Amcor Packaging (Asia) Pty Ltd ARP North America Holdco Ltd ARP LATAM Holdco Ltd The entities above were the only parties to the Deed as of June 30, 2023, and comprise the closed group for the purposes of the Deed (and also the extended closed group). ARP North America Holdco Ltd and ARP LATAM Holdco Ltd were newly incorporated entities and were added to the deed on September 25, 2019. By a Revocation Deed, dated September 9, 2021, the Deed was revoked in respect of Amcor Flexibles (Dandenong) Pty Ltd, Packsys Pty Ltd, Packsys Holdings (Aus) Pty Ltd, and Techni-Chem Australia Pty Ltd. No other parties have been added, removed or the subject to a notice of disposal since September 9, 2021. By entering into the Deed, the wholly owned subsidiaries have been relieved from the requirement to prepare a financial report and directors’ report under ASIC Corporations (Wholly-owned Companies) Instrument 2016/785. The following consolidated financial statements are additional disclosure items specifically required by ASIC and represent the consolidated results of the entities subject to the Deed. ($ in millions) North America Latin America Europe (1) Asia Pacific Net sales ($ in millions) North America Latin America Europe (1) Asia Pacific Net sales ($ in millions) North America Latin America Europe (1) Asia Pacific Net sales (1) Includes the Company's country of domicile, Jersey. The Company had no sales in Jersey in the periods shown. 103 104 Amcor Annual Report 2023 FINAL FINAL Form10-K 117 Form10-K 118 Note 22 - Deed of Cross Guarantee The parent entity, Amcor plc, and its wholly owned subsidiaries listed below are subject to a Deed of Cross Guarantee dated June 24, 2019 (the "Deed") under which each company guarantees the debts of the others: Amcor Pty Ltd Amcor Services Pty Ltd Amcor Investments Pty Ltd Amcor Holdings (Australia) Pty Ltd Amcor Flexibles Group Pty Ltd Amcor Flexibles (Australia) Pty Ltd $ 11,154 $ 3,540 $ 14,694 Amcor Finance Australia Pty Ltd Amcor Flexibles (Port Melbourne) Pty Ltd Amcor European Holdings Pty Ltd Amcor Packaging (Asia) Pty Ltd ARP North America Holdco Ltd ARP LATAM Holdco Ltd The entities above were the only parties to the Deed as of June 30, 2023, and comprise the closed group for the purposes of the Deed (and also the extended closed group). ARP North America Holdco Ltd and ARP LATAM Holdco Ltd were newly incorporated entities and were added to the deed on September 25, 2019. By a Revocation Deed, dated September 9, 2021, the Deed was revoked in respect of Amcor Flexibles (Dandenong) Pty Ltd, Packsys Pty Ltd, Packsys Holdings (Aus) Pty Ltd, and Techni-Chem Australia Pty Ltd. No other parties have been added, removed or the subject to a notice of disposal since September 9, 2021. By entering into the Deed, the wholly owned subsidiaries have been relieved from the requirement to prepare a financial report and directors’ report under ASIC Corporations (Wholly-owned Companies) Instrument 2016/785. The following consolidated financial statements are additional disclosure items specifically required by ASIC and represent the consolidated results of the entities subject to the Deed. Year Ended June 30, 2023 Flexibles Rigid Packaging Total $ 4,411 $ 2,745 $ 1,114 3,952 1,677 1,060 4,062 1,733 914 3,828 1,577 Year Ended June 30, 2022 Flexibles Rigid Packaging Total $ 4,296 $ 2,656 $ $ 11,151 $ 3,393 $ 14,544 Year Ended June 30, 2021 Flexibles Rigid Packaging Total $ 3,719 $ 2,319 $ $ 10,038 $ 2,823 $ 12,861 795 — — 737 — — 504 — — 7,156 1,909 3,952 1,677 6,952 1,797 4,062 1,733 6,038 1,418 3,828 1,577 ($ in millions) North America Latin America Europe (1) Asia Pacific Net sales ($ in millions) North America Latin America Europe (1) Asia Pacific Net sales ($ in millions) North America Latin America Europe (1) Asia Pacific Net sales (1) Includes the Company's country of domicile, Jersey. The Company had no sales in Jersey in the periods shown. 103 104 Amcor Annual Report 2023 FINAL FINAL Form10-K 119 Deed of Cross Guarantee Consolidated Statements of Income ($ in millions) Deed of Cross Guarantee Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income ($ in millions) For the years ended June 30, 2023 2022 For the years ended June 30, Net sales Cost of sales Gross profit Operating expenses Other income, net Operating income Interest income Interest expense Other non-operating income, net Income before income taxes Income tax expense Net income $ 377 $ (319) 58 (1,125) 1,599 391 (337) 54 (1,251) 2,355 532 1,158 15 (38) — 12 (14) 1 509 1,157 (22) (4) $ 487 $ 1,153 Dividends recognized during the financial period (717) (723) Retained earnings at the end of the financial period $ 6,937 $ 7,167 Net income Other comprehensive income/(loss) (1): Foreign currency translation adjustments, net of tax Other comprehensive income/(loss) Comprehensive income/(loss) attributable to non-controlling interests Total comprehensive income 2023 2022 487 $ 1,153 (10) (10) — (30) (30) — 477 $ 1,123 $ $ (1) All of the items in other comprehensive income/(loss) may be reclassified subsequently to profit or loss. Consolidated Statements of Income and Accumulated Losses Deed of Cross Guarantee ($ in millions) For the years ended June 30, Retained earnings, beginning balance Net income Retained earnings before distribution 2023 2022 $ 7,167 $ 487 7,654 6,737 1,153 7,890 105 106 Amcor Annual Report 2023 Form10-K 119 Form10-K 120 FINAL FINAL Deed of Cross Guarantee Consolidated Statements of Income ($ in millions) Deed of Cross Guarantee Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income ($ in millions) For the years ended June 30, 2023 2022 For the years ended June 30, $ Net income Other comprehensive income/(loss) (1): Foreign currency translation adjustments, net of tax Other comprehensive income/(loss) Comprehensive income/(loss) attributable to non-controlling interests Total comprehensive income 2023 2022 487 $ 1,153 (10) (10) — (30) (30) — 477 $ 1,123 $ $ (1) All of the items in other comprehensive income/(loss) may be reclassified subsequently to profit or loss. Deed of Cross Guarantee Consolidated Statements of Income and Accumulated Losses ($ in millions) For the years ended June 30, Retained earnings, beginning balance Net income Retained earnings before distribution 2023 2022 $ 7,167 $ 487 7,654 6,737 1,153 7,890 Dividends recognized during the financial period (717) (723) Retained earnings at the end of the financial period $ 6,937 $ 7,167 Net sales Cost of sales Gross profit Operating expenses Other income, net Operating income Interest income Interest expense Other non-operating income, net Income before income taxes Income tax expense Net income 377 $ (319) 58 (1,125) 1,599 (38) 15 — 391 (337) 54 (1,251) 2,355 12 (14) 1 532 1,158 509 1,157 (22) (4) $ 487 $ 1,153 105 106 Amcor Annual Report 2023 ($ in millions) Supplemental Cash Flow Information: Interest paid, net of amounts capitalized Income taxes paid Non-Cash Investing Activities: Purchase of property, plant, and equipment accrued, but not paid 71 $ 110 $ Contingent and deferred liabilities incurred related to acquired businesses, but not paid 41 — For the years ended June 30, 2023 2022 2021 276 $ 225 155 $ 256 $ $ 146 321 76 — Form10-K 121 FINAL Deed of Cross Guarantee Consolidated Balance Sheets ($ in millions) FINAL Note 23 - Supplemental Cash Flow Information Supplemental cash flow information and non-cash investing activities are as follows: As of June 30, 2023 2022 Assets Current assets: Cash and cash equivalents Receivables, net Inventories Prepaid expenses and other current assets Total current assets Non-current assets: Property, plant, and equipment, net Deferred tax assets Other intangible assets, net Goodwill Other non-current assets Total non-current assets Total assets Liabilities Current liabilities: Short-term debt Payables Accrued employee costs Other current liabilities Total current liabilities Non-current liabilities: Long-term debt, less current portion Other non-current liabilities Total liabilities Shareholders' Equity Issued capital Additional paid-in capital Retained earnings Accumulated other comprehensive income Total shareholders' equity Total liabilities and shareholders' equity $ $ $ $ 54 $ 342 60 21 477 60 6 13 88 13,308 13,475 13,952 $ 826 $ 153 23 143 1,145 — 2 1,147 14 4,829 6,937 1,025 12,805 13,952 $ 68 662 71 19 820 63 26 12 91 14,039 14,231 15,051 901 162 21 191 1,275 319 2 1,596 15 5,239 7,167 1,034 13,455 15,051 107 108 Amcor Annual Report 2023 Form10-K 121 Form10-K 122 FINAL Note 23 - Supplemental Cash Flow Information Supplemental cash flow information and non-cash investing activities are as follows: ($ in millions) Supplemental Cash Flow Information: Interest paid, net of amounts capitalized Income taxes paid Non-Cash Investing Activities: Purchase of property, plant, and equipment accrued, but not paid Contingent and deferred liabilities incurred related to acquired businesses, but not paid For the years ended June 30, 2023 2022 2021 $ $ 276 $ 225 155 $ 256 71 $ 110 $ 41 — 146 321 76 — FINAL Deed of Cross Guarantee Consolidated Balance Sheets ($ in millions) Assets As of June 30, Current assets: Cash and cash equivalents Receivables, net Inventories Prepaid expenses and other current assets Total current assets Non-current assets: Property, plant, and equipment, net Deferred tax assets Other intangible assets, net Goodwill Other non-current assets Total non-current assets Total assets Current liabilities: Short-term debt Payables Accrued employee costs Other current liabilities Total current liabilities Non-current liabilities: Liabilities Long-term debt, less current portion Other non-current liabilities Total liabilities Issued capital Additional paid-in capital Retained earnings Accumulated other comprehensive income Total shareholders' equity Total liabilities and shareholders' equity Shareholders' Equity 2023 2022 $ 54 $ 13,308 13,475 13,952 $ 14,039 14,231 15,051 $ $ 342 60 21 477 60 6 13 88 826 $ 153 23 143 1,145 — 2 1,147 14 4,829 6,937 1,025 12,805 68 662 71 19 820 63 26 12 91 901 162 21 191 1,275 319 2 1,596 15 5,239 7,167 1,034 13,455 15,051 $ 13,952 $ 107 108 Amcor Annual Report 2023 FINAL FINAL Form10-K 123 Note 24 - Subsequent Events Item 9. - Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure In July 2023, the Company executed a buy-in policy contract with a third-party insurance company for a portion of one None. of its closed principal defined benefit plans in the United Kingdom. As of June 30, 2023, the plan assets and corresponding benefit obligations that were part of the buy-in transaction were approximately $60 million. On August 10, 2023, the Company signed an agreement to acquire a small manufacturer of flexible packaging for food, home care and personal care applications in India. This acquisition will complement the Company’s existing flexible packaging footprint in India and enable local production of a broader range of sustainable packaging solutions. On August 16, 2023, the Company's Board of Directors declared a quarterly cash dividend of $0.1225 per share to be paid on September 27, 2023, to shareholders of record as of September 7, 2023. Amcor has received a waiver from the Australian Securities Exchange ("ASX") settlement operating rules, which will allow Amcor to defer processing conversions between its ordinary share and CHESS Depositary Instrument ("CDI") registers from September 6, 2023, to September 7, 2023, inclusive. Item 9A. - Controls and Procedures Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures Our management, with the participation of our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, has evaluated the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures as of June 30, 2023. The term "disclosure controls and procedures," as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), means controls and other procedures of a company that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by a company in the reports that it files or submits under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized, and reported, within the time periods specified in the SEC's rules and forms. Disclosure controls and procedures include, without limitation, controls and procedures designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by a company in the reports that it files or submits under the Exchange Act is accumulated and communicated to our management, including its principal executive and financial officers, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. Management recognizes that any controls and procedures, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable assurance of achieving their objectives and management necessarily applies its judgment in evaluating the cost- benefit relationship of possible controls and procedures. Based on this evaluation, the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer have concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of June 30, 2023. Management's Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting Our management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting. Internal control over financial reporting is defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Exchange Act. Our internal control over financial reporting is designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. Our management evaluated the design and operating effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting based on the criteria established in the Internal Control-Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (the "COSO framework" (2013)). All internal control systems, no matter how well designed, have inherent limitations. Accordingly, even effective internal controls and procedures can provide only reasonable assurance with respect to financial statement preparation and presentation. Under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, we conducted an evaluation of the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting as of June 30, 2023. Based on this evaluation, our management concluded that we maintained effective internal control over financial reporting as of June 30, 2023. The effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting as of June 30, 2023, has been audited by PricewaterhouseCoopers AG, an independent registered public accounting firm, as stated in their report, which appears on "Item 8. - Financial Statements and Supplementary Data" of this Annual Report on Form 10-K. Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting There were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Exchange Act) that occurred during the fourth quarter of fiscal year 2023 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting. During the three months ended June 30, 2023, no director or Section 16 officer of the Company adopted or terminated a “Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement” or “non-Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement,” as each term is defined in Item 408(a) of Item 9C. - Disclosure Regarding Foreign Jurisdictions that Prevent Inspections Item 9B. - Other Information Regulation S-K. Not applicable. 109 110 Amcor Annual Report 2023 FINAL FINAL Form10-K 123 Form10-K 124 Note 24 - Subsequent Events Item 9. - Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure In July 2023, the Company executed a buy-in policy contract with a third-party insurance company for a portion of one None. of its closed principal defined benefit plans in the United Kingdom. As of June 30, 2023, the plan assets and corresponding benefit obligations that were part of the buy-in transaction were approximately $60 million. Item 9A. - Controls and Procedures On August 10, 2023, the Company signed an agreement to acquire a small manufacturer of flexible packaging for Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures food, home care and personal care applications in India. This acquisition will complement the Company’s existing flexible packaging footprint in India and enable local production of a broader range of sustainable packaging solutions. On August 16, 2023, the Company's Board of Directors declared a quarterly cash dividend of $0.1225 per share to be paid on September 27, 2023, to shareholders of record as of September 7, 2023. Amcor has received a waiver from the Australian Securities Exchange ("ASX") settlement operating rules, which will allow Amcor to defer processing conversions between its ordinary share and CHESS Depositary Instrument ("CDI") registers from September 6, 2023, to September 7, 2023, inclusive. Our management, with the participation of our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, has evaluated the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures as of June 30, 2023. The term "disclosure controls and procedures," as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), means controls and other procedures of a company that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by a company in the reports that it files or submits under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized, and reported, within the time periods specified in the SEC's rules and forms. Disclosure controls and procedures include, without limitation, controls and procedures designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by a company in the reports that it files or submits under the Exchange Act is accumulated and communicated to our management, including its principal executive and financial officers, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. Management recognizes that any controls and procedures, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable assurance of achieving their objectives and management necessarily applies its judgment in evaluating the cost- benefit relationship of possible controls and procedures. Based on this evaluation, the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer have concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of June 30, 2023. Management's Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting Our management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting. Internal control over financial reporting is defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Exchange Act. Our internal control over financial reporting is designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. Our management evaluated the design and operating effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting based on the criteria established in the Internal Control-Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (the "COSO framework" (2013)). All internal control systems, no matter how well designed, have inherent limitations. Accordingly, even effective internal controls and procedures can provide only reasonable assurance with respect to financial statement preparation and presentation. Under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, we conducted an evaluation of the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting as of June 30, 2023. Based on this evaluation, our management concluded that we maintained effective internal control over financial reporting as of June 30, 2023. The effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting as of June 30, 2023, has been audited by PricewaterhouseCoopers AG, an independent registered public accounting firm, as stated in their report, which appears on "Item 8. - Financial Statements and Supplementary Data" of this Annual Report on Form 10-K. Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting There were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Exchange Act) that occurred during the fourth quarter of fiscal year 2023 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting. Item 9B. - Other Information During the three months ended June 30, 2023, no director or Section 16 officer of the Company adopted or terminated a “Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement” or “non-Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement,” as each term is defined in Item 408(a) of Regulation S-K. Item 9C. - Disclosure Regarding Foreign Jurisdictions that Prevent Inspections Not applicable. 109 110 Amcor Annual Report 2023 FINAL FINAL Form10-K 125 PART III Item 10. - Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance The information required to be submitted in response to this item is omitted because a definitive proxy statement containing such information will be filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission pursuant to Regulation 14A within 120 days after June 30, 2023, and such information is expressly incorporated herein by reference. Information with respect to our executive officers appears in Part I of this Annual Report on Form 10-K. Our Board Committee Charters, Corporate Governance Guidelines, and our Code of Conduct & Ethics Policy can be electronically accessed at our website (http://www.amcor.com/investors) under "Corporate Governance" or, free of charge, by writing directly to us, Attention: Corporate Secretary. Our Board of Directors has adopted a Code of Conduct that applies to our principal executive officer, principal financial officer, principal accounting officer, and other persons performing similar functions. We intend to satisfy the disclosure requirements under Item 5.05 of Form 8-K regarding amendments to or waivers from our Code of Conduct by posting such information on the Investor Relations section of our website promptly following the date of such amendment or waiver. We are not including the information contained on our website as part of, or incorporating it by reference into, this report. Plan Category Equity compensation plans approved by security holders Equity compensation plans not approved by security holders Total Item 11. - Executive Compensation Information required to be submitted in response to this item is omitted because a definitive proxy statement containing such information will be filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission pursuant to Regulation 14A within 120 days after June 30, 2023, and such information is expressly incorporated herein by reference. Item 12. - Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Shareholder Matters Equity compensation plans as of June 30, 2023, were as follows: Number of securities to be issued upon exercise of outstanding options, warrants, and rights (a) Weighted-average exercise price of outstanding options, warrants, and rights (b) Number of securities remaining available for future issuance under equity compensation plans (excluding securities reflected in column (a)) (c) 48,930,014 (1) $ 11.29 (2) 41,225,174 (3) — 48,930,014 (1) $ — 11.29 (2) — 41,225,174 (3) (1) Includes outstanding option awards of 32,764,410, which have a weighted-average exercise price of $11.29, 11,391,222 awards of ordinary shares issuable upon vesting of performance shares/rights, 3,734,538 awards of ordinary shares issuable upon vesting of share rights, and 1,039,845 restricted shares issued under the share retention plan. (2) Performance shares/rights, share rights, restricted share units, and non-executive director share plans are excluded when determining the weighted-average exercise price of outstanding options. (3) May be issued as options, performance shares/rights, share rights, or restricted share units. The additional information required to be submitted in response to this item is omitted because a definitive proxy statement containing such information will be filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission pursuant to Regulation 14A within 120 days after June 30, 2023, and such information is expressly incorporated herein by reference. Item 13. - Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence The information required to be submitted in response to this item is omitted because a definitive proxy statement containing such information will be filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission pursuant to Regulation 14A within 120 days after June 30, 2023, and such information is expressly incorporated herein by reference. Item 14. - Principal Accountant Fees and Services The information required to be submitted in response to this item is omitted because a definitive proxy statement containing such information will be filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission pursuant to Regulation 14A within 120 days after June 30, 2023, and such information is expressly incorporated herein by reference. 111 112 Amcor Annual Report 2023 PART III Item 10. - Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance The information required to be submitted in response to this item is omitted because a definitive proxy statement containing such information will be filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission pursuant to Regulation 14A within 120 days after June 30, 2023, and such information is expressly incorporated herein by reference. Information with respect to our executive officers appears in Part I of this Annual Report on Form 10-K. Our Board Committee Charters, Corporate Governance Guidelines, and our Code of Conduct & Ethics Policy can be electronically accessed at our website (http://www.amcor.com/investors) under "Corporate Governance" or, free of charge, by writing directly to us, Attention: Corporate Secretary. Our Board of Directors has adopted a Code of Conduct that applies to our principal executive officer, principal financial officer, principal accounting officer, and other persons performing similar functions. We intend to satisfy the disclosure requirements under Item 5.05 of Form 8-K regarding amendments to or waivers from our Code of Conduct by posting such information on the Investor Relations section of our website promptly following the date of such amendment or waiver. We are not including the information contained on our website as part of, or incorporating it by reference into, this report. FINAL FINAL Form10-K 125 Form10-K 126 Item 11. - Executive Compensation Information required to be submitted in response to this item is omitted because a definitive proxy statement containing such information will be filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission pursuant to Regulation 14A within 120 days after June 30, 2023, and such information is expressly incorporated herein by reference. Item 12. - Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Shareholder Matters Equity compensation plans as of June 30, 2023, were as follows: Number of securities to be issued upon exercise of outstanding options, warrants, and rights (a) Weighted-average exercise price of outstanding options, warrants, and rights (b) Number of securities remaining available for future issuance under equity compensation plans (excluding securities reflected in column (a)) (c) 48,930,014 (1) $ 11.29 (2) 41,225,174 (3) — 48,930,014 (1) $ — 11.29 (2) — 41,225,174 (3) Plan Category Equity compensation plans approved by security holders Equity compensation plans not approved by security holders Total (1) Includes outstanding option awards of 32,764,410, which have a weighted-average exercise price of $11.29, 11,391,222 awards of ordinary shares issuable upon vesting of performance shares/rights, 3,734,538 awards of ordinary shares issuable upon vesting of share rights, and 1,039,845 restricted shares issued under the share retention plan. (2) Performance shares/rights, share rights, restricted share units, and non-executive director share plans are excluded when determining the weighted-average exercise price of outstanding options. (3) May be issued as options, performance shares/rights, share rights, or restricted share units. The additional information required to be submitted in response to this item is omitted because a definitive proxy statement containing such information will be filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission pursuant to Regulation 14A within 120 days after June 30, 2023, and such information is expressly incorporated herein by reference. Item 13. - Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence The information required to be submitted in response to this item is omitted because a definitive proxy statement containing such information will be filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission pursuant to Regulation 14A within 120 days after June 30, 2023, and such information is expressly incorporated herein by reference. Item 14. - Principal Accountant Fees and Services The information required to be submitted in response to this item is omitted because a definitive proxy statement containing such information will be filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission pursuant to Regulation 14A within 120 days after June 30, 2023, and such information is expressly incorporated herein by reference. 111 112 Amcor Annual Report 2023 FINAL FINAL Form10-K 127 PART IV Item 15. - Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules (a) Financial Statements, Financial Statement Schedule, and Exhibits (1) Financial Statements Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm (PCAOB ID 1358) Consolidated Statements of Income Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income Consolidated Balance Sheets Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows Consolidated Statements of Equity Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (2) Financial Statement Schedule Schedule II - Valuation and Qualifying Accounts and Reserves All other schedules are omitted because they are not applicable, or the required information is shown in the financial statements or notes thereto. Pages in Form 10-K 48 50 51 52 53 54 55 117 (3) Exhibits Exhibit 2 .1 3 .1 3 .2 4 .1 4 .2 4 .3 4 .4 4 .5 4 .6 4 .7 4 .8 4 .9 Description Transaction Agreement, dated as of August 6, 2018, by and among the Amcor plc, Amcor Limited, Arctic Corp. and Bemis Company, Inc. (“Bemis”) (incorporated by reference to Annex A to Amcor plc's Registration Statement on Form S-4 filed on March 12, 2019). Articles of Association of Amcor plc (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to Amcor plc’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on June 13, 2019). Memorandum of Association of Amcor plc (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to Amcor plc’s Registration Statement on Form S-4 filed on March 12, 2019). Form of 5.625% Guaranteed Senior Note due 2033 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.3 on Amcor plc's Current Report on Form 8-K filed on May 26, 2023. Indenture, dated as of May 26, 2023, among Amcor Finance (USA), Inc., Amcor plc, Amcor UK Finance plc, Amcor Pty Ltd and Amcor Flexibles North America, Inc. and Deutsche Bank Trust Company Americas, as trustee (including the guarantees) (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 on Amcor plc's Current Report on Form 8-K filed on May 26, 2023). Form of 3.625% Notes due 2026 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.8 to Amcor plc’s Registration Statement on Form S-4 filed on March 12, 2019). Form of 4.500% Notes due 2028 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.9 to Amcor plc’s Registration Statement on Form S-4 filed on March 12, 2019). Form of 3.100% Notes due 2026 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.13 to Amcor plc’s Registration Statement on Form S-4 filed on March 12, 2019). Form of 2.630% Guaranteed Senior Note Due 2030 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.2 on Amcor plc’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on June 19, 2020). Form of 1.125% Guaranteed Senior Note Due 2027 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.2 on Amcor plc’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on June 23, 2020). Indenture, dated as of June 13, 2019, by and among AFUI, as issuer, Amcor plc, Amcor Limited, Bemis, Amcor UK Finance plc and Deutsche Bank Trust Company Americas, as trustee (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.4 on Amcor plc’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on June 17, 2019). Indenture, dated as of June 19, 2020, by and among Bemis, as issuer, Amcor plc, Amcor Finance (USA), Inc., Amcor UK Finance plc, Amcor Pty Ltd and Deutsche Bank Trust Company Americas, the trustee (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 on Amcor plc’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on June 19, 2020). Form of Filing Incorporated by Reference Incorporated by Reference Incorporated by Reference Incorporated by Reference Incorporated by Reference Incorporated by Reference Incorporated by Reference Incorporated by Reference Incorporated by Reference Incorporated by Reference 10 .6 May 22, 2014 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.5 to Amcor plc’s Incorporated by Reference Incorporated by Reference Incorporated by Reference 113 114 Description Form of Filing Exhibit 4 .10 Indenture, dated as of June 23, 2020, by and among Amcor UK Finance plc, as issuer, Amcor plc, Amcor Finance (USA), Inc., Amcor Pty Ltd, Bemis Company, Inc. and Deutsche Bank Trust Company Americas, the trustee (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 on Amcor plc’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on June 23, 2020). 4 .11 Registration Rights Agreement, dated as of June 13, 2019, by and among Bemis, Amcor plc, Amcor Limited, AFUI, Amcor UK Finance plc and the Dealer Managers, relating to the Bemis’ 3.100% 2026 Notes (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.6 on Amcor plc’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on June 17, 2019). Registration Rights Agreement, dated as of June 13, 2019, by and among AFUI, Amcor plc, Amcor Limited, Bemis, Amcor UK Finance plc and the Dealer Incorporated by Reference Incorporated by Reference 4 .12 Managers, relating to the Amcor’s 3.625% 2026 Notes (incorporated by reference Incorporated by Reference to Exhibit 10.7 on Amcor plc’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on June 17, Registration Rights Agreement, dated as of June 13, 2019, by and among AFUI, Amcor plc, Amcor Limited, Bemis, Amcor UK Finance plc and the Dealer Managers, relating to the Amcor’s 4.500% 2028 Notes (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.8 on Amcor plc’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on June 17, Incorporated by Reference 4 .14 Description of Securities of the Registrant. Filed Herewith Form of 2.690% Guaranteed Senior Note Due 2031 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.3 on Amcor plc's Current Report on Form 8-K filed on May 25, 2021). Incorporated by Reference Form of 4.000% Guaranteed Senior Note due 2025 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.3 on Amcor plc's Current Report on Form 8-K filed on May 17, 2022). Incorporated by Reference First Supplemental Indenture, dated as of June 30, 2022, among Amcor Finance (USA), Inc., Amcor Flexibles North America, Inc. and Deutsche Bank Trust Company Americas (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.7 on Amcor plc's Current Report on Form 8-K filed on July 1, 2022). Second Supplemental Indenture, dated as of June 30, 2022, among Amcor Finance (USA), Inc., Amcor Flexibles North America, Inc. and Deutsche Bank Trust Company Americas (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.6 on Amcor plc's Current Report on Form 8-K filed on July 1, 2022). Incorporated by Reference Incorporated by Reference Amcor plc 2019 Omnibus Incentive Share Plan (incorporated by reference to 10 .1 Exhibit 99.1 to Amcor plc’s Registration Statement on Form S-8 filed on July 22, Incorporated by Reference 10 .2 Amcor Limited 2017/18 Long Term Incentive Plan (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 99.4 to Amcor plc’s Registration Statement on Form S-8 filed on July 22, Incorporated by Reference 2019). 2019). 2019).* 2019).* Amcor Rigid Plastics Deferred Compensation Plan, as amended by that certain First Amendment, dated December 11, 2014, that certain Second Amendment, dated December 10, 2018 and that certain Third Amendment, dated December 16, 2019 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.8 to Amcor plc's Form 10-K filed on August 27, 2020).* Employment Agreement between Amcor Limited and Ronald Delia, dated as of January 21, 2015 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 to Amcor plc’s Registration Statement on Form S-4 filed on March 12, 2019).* Employment Agreement between Amcor Limited and Michael Casamento, dated as of September 23, 2015 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.4 to Amcor plc’s Registration Statement on Form S-4 filed on March 12, 2019).* Employment Agreement between Amcor Limited and Ian Wilson, dated as of Registration Statement on Form S-4 filed on March 12, 2019).* Employment Agreement between Amcor Limited and Peter Konieczny, dated as of September 17, 2009 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.6 to Amcor plc’s Registration Statement on Form S-4 filed on March 12, 2019).* Employment Agreement between Amcor Limited and Eric Roegner, dated as of August 28, 2018 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.7 to Amcor plc’s Registration Statement on Form S-4 filed on March 12, 2019).* Incorporated by Reference Incorporated by Reference Incorporated by Reference Incorporated by Reference Incorporated by Reference Form of Deed of Appointment (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.8 to Amcor plc’s Registration Statement on Form S-4 filed on March 12, 2019).* Incorporated by Reference 4 .13 4 .15 4 .16 4 .17 4 .18 10 .3 10 .4 10 .5 10 .7 10 .8 10 .9 Amcor Annual Report 2023 FINAL FINAL Form10-K 127 Form10-K 128 Pages in Form 10-K 48 50 51 52 53 54 55 117 PART IV Item 15. - Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules (a) Financial Statements, Financial Statement Schedule, and Exhibits (1) Financial Statements Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm (PCAOB ID 1358) Consolidated Statements of Income Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income Consolidated Balance Sheets Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows Consolidated Statements of Equity Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (2) Financial Statement Schedule Schedule II - Valuation and Qualifying Accounts and Reserves All other schedules are omitted because they are not applicable, or the required information is shown in the financial statements or notes thereto. (3) Exhibits Exhibit 2 .1 Description Form of Filing Transaction Agreement, dated as of August 6, 2018, by and among the Amcor plc, Amcor Limited, Arctic Corp. and Bemis Company, Inc. (“Bemis”) (incorporated by reference to Annex A to Amcor plc's Registration Statement on Form S-4 filed on March 12, 2019). Incorporated by Reference Articles of Association of Amcor plc (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to Amcor plc’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on June 13, 2019). Incorporated by Reference Memorandum of Association of Amcor plc (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to Amcor plc’s Registration Statement on Form S-4 filed on March 12, 2019). Incorporated by Reference Form of 5.625% Guaranteed Senior Note due 2033 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.3 on Amcor plc's Current Report on Form 8-K filed on May 26, 2023. Indenture, dated as of May 26, 2023, among Amcor Finance (USA), Inc., Amcor plc, Amcor UK Finance plc, Amcor Pty Ltd and Amcor Flexibles North America, Inc. and Deutsche Bank Trust Company Americas, as trustee (including the guarantees) (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 on Amcor plc's Current Report on Form 8-K filed on May 26, 2023). Form of 3.625% Notes due 2026 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.8 to Amcor plc’s Registration Statement on Form S-4 filed on March 12, 2019). Form of 4.500% Notes due 2028 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.9 to Amcor plc’s Registration Statement on Form S-4 filed on March 12, 2019). Form of 3.100% Notes due 2026 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.13 to Amcor plc’s Registration Statement on Form S-4 filed on March 12, 2019). Incorporated by Reference Incorporated by Reference Incorporated by Reference Incorporated by Reference Incorporated by Reference Form of 2.630% Guaranteed Senior Note Due 2030 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.2 on Amcor plc’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on June 19, 2020). Incorporated by Reference Form of 1.125% Guaranteed Senior Note Due 2027 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.2 on Amcor plc’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on June 23, 2020). Incorporated by Reference Indenture, dated as of June 13, 2019, by and among AFUI, as issuer, Amcor plc, Amcor Limited, Bemis, Amcor UK Finance plc and Deutsche Bank Trust Company Americas, as trustee (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.4 on Amcor plc’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on June 17, 2019). Indenture, dated as of June 19, 2020, by and among Bemis, as issuer, Amcor plc, Amcor Finance (USA), Inc., Amcor UK Finance plc, Amcor Pty Ltd and Deutsche Bank Trust Company Americas, the trustee (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 on Amcor plc’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on June 19, 2020). Incorporated by Reference Incorporated by Reference 3 .1 3 .2 4 .1 4 .2 4 .3 4 .4 4 .5 4 .6 4 .7 4 .8 4 .9 Exhibit 4 .10 4 .11 4 .12 4 .13 4 .14 4 .15 4 .16 4 .17 4 .18 10 .1 10 .2 10 .3 10 .4 10 .5 10 .6 10 .7 10 .8 10 .9 Description Form of Filing Indenture, dated as of June 23, 2020, by and among Amcor UK Finance plc, as issuer, Amcor plc, Amcor Finance (USA), Inc., Amcor Pty Ltd, Bemis Company, Inc. and Deutsche Bank Trust Company Americas, the trustee (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 on Amcor plc’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on June 23, 2020). Registration Rights Agreement, dated as of June 13, 2019, by and among Bemis, Amcor plc, Amcor Limited, AFUI, Amcor UK Finance plc and the Dealer Managers, relating to the Bemis’ 3.100% 2026 Notes (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.6 on Amcor plc’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on June 17, 2019). Registration Rights Agreement, dated as of June 13, 2019, by and among AFUI, Amcor plc, Amcor Limited, Bemis, Amcor UK Finance plc and the Dealer Managers, relating to the Amcor’s 3.625% 2026 Notes (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.7 on Amcor plc’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on June 17, 2019). Registration Rights Agreement, dated as of June 13, 2019, by and among AFUI, Amcor plc, Amcor Limited, Bemis, Amcor UK Finance plc and the Dealer Managers, relating to the Amcor’s 4.500% 2028 Notes (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.8 on Amcor plc’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on June 17, 2019). Description of Securities of the Registrant. Form of 2.690% Guaranteed Senior Note Due 2031 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.3 on Amcor plc's Current Report on Form 8-K filed on May 25, 2021). Form of 4.000% Guaranteed Senior Note due 2025 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.3 on Amcor plc's Current Report on Form 8-K filed on May 17, 2022). First Supplemental Indenture, dated as of June 30, 2022, among Amcor Finance (USA), Inc., Amcor Flexibles North America, Inc. and Deutsche Bank Trust Company Americas (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.7 on Amcor plc's Current Report on Form 8-K filed on July 1, 2022). Second Supplemental Indenture, dated as of June 30, 2022, among Amcor Finance (USA), Inc., Amcor Flexibles North America, Inc. and Deutsche Bank Trust Company Americas (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.6 on Amcor plc's Current Report on Form 8-K filed on July 1, 2022). Amcor plc 2019 Omnibus Incentive Share Plan (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 99.1 to Amcor plc’s Registration Statement on Form S-8 filed on July 22, 2019).* Amcor Limited 2017/18 Long Term Incentive Plan (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 99.4 to Amcor plc’s Registration Statement on Form S-8 filed on July 22, 2019).* Amcor Rigid Plastics Deferred Compensation Plan, as amended by that certain First Amendment, dated December 11, 2014, that certain Second Amendment, dated December 10, 2018 and that certain Third Amendment, dated December 16, 2019 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.8 to Amcor plc's Form 10-K filed on August 27, 2020).* Employment Agreement between Amcor Limited and Ronald Delia, dated as of January 21, 2015 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 to Amcor plc’s Registration Statement on Form S-4 filed on March 12, 2019).* Employment Agreement between Amcor Limited and Michael Casamento, dated as of September 23, 2015 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.4 to Amcor plc’s Registration Statement on Form S-4 filed on March 12, 2019).* Employment Agreement between Amcor Limited and Ian Wilson, dated as of May 22, 2014 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.5 to Amcor plc’s Registration Statement on Form S-4 filed on March 12, 2019).* Employment Agreement between Amcor Limited and Peter Konieczny, dated as of September 17, 2009 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.6 to Amcor plc’s Registration Statement on Form S-4 filed on March 12, 2019).* Employment Agreement between Amcor Limited and Eric Roegner, dated as of August 28, 2018 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.7 to Amcor plc’s Registration Statement on Form S-4 filed on March 12, 2019).* Incorporated by Reference Incorporated by Reference Incorporated by Reference Incorporated by Reference Filed Herewith Incorporated by Reference Incorporated by Reference Incorporated by Reference Incorporated by Reference Incorporated by Reference Incorporated by Reference Incorporated by Reference Incorporated by Reference Incorporated by Reference Incorporated by Reference Incorporated by Reference Incorporated by Reference Form of Deed of Appointment (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.8 to Amcor plc’s Registration Statement on Form S-4 filed on March 12, 2019).* Incorporated by Reference 113 114 Amcor Annual Report 2023 FINAL Form10-K 129 Exhibit 10 .10 10 .11 10 .12 Description Employment Agreement between Amcor Limited and Michael Zacka, dated as of February 24, 2017 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.24 to Amcor plc's Form 10-K filed on August 24, 2021).* Three-Year Syndicated Facility Agreement, dated as of April 26, 2022, by and among, Amcor plc, Amcor Pty Ltd, Amcor Finance (USA), Inc., Amcor UK Finance plc and Amcor Flexibles North America, Inc., the lenders party thereto and JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., as administrative agent and foreign administrative agent (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to Amcor plc's Current Report on Form 8-K filed on April 28, 2022). Five-Year Syndicated Facility Agreement, dated as of April 26, 2022, by and among, Amcor plc, Amcor Pty Ltd, Amcor Finance (USA), Inc., Amcor UK Finance plc and Amcor Flexibles North America, Inc., the lenders party thereto and JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., as administrative agent and foreign administrative agent (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to Amcor plc's Current Report on Form 8-K filed on April 28, 2022). 21 .1 Subsidiaries of Amcor plc. 22 23 31 .1 31 .2 32 101 104 Subsidiary Guarantors and Issuers of Guaranteed Securities. Consent of PricewaterhouseCoopers AG as auditors for the financial statements of Amcor plc. Chief Executive Officer Certification required by Rules 13a-14 and 15d-14 under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. Chief Financial Officer Certification required by Rules 13a-14 and 15d-14 under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. Certification of Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of Sarbanes Oxley Act of 2002. Inline XBRL Interactive data files – The XBRL Instance Document does not appear in the Interactive Data File because its XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document. Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted as Inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101). Form of Filing Incorporated by Reference Incorporated by Reference Incorporated by Reference Filed Herewith Filed Herewith Filed Herewith Filed Herewith Filed Herewith Furnished Herewith Filed Electronically Filed Electronically * This exhibit is a management contract or compensatory plan or arrangement. Graeme Liebelt, Director and Chairman Item 16. - Form 10-K Summary None. FINAL Signatures Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized. AMCOR PLC By /s/ Michael Casamento By /s/ Julie Sorrells Michael Casamento, Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer (Principal Financial Officer) Julie Sorrells, Vice President & Corporate Controller (Principal Accounting Officer) August 17, 2023 August 17, 2023 Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the Registrant and in the capacities and on the dates indicated. /s/ Michael Casamento /s/ Julie Sorrells Michael Casamento, Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer (Principal Financial Officer) Julie Sorrells, Vice President & Corporate Controller (Principal Accounting Officer) Ronald Delia, Managing Director and Chief Armin Meyer, Director and Deputy Chairman August 17, 2023 /s/ Ronald Delia Executive Officer August 17, 2023 /s/ Graeme Liebelt August 17, 2023 /s/ Nicholas (Tom) Long Nicholas (Tom) Long, Director August 17, 2023 /s/ Arun Nayar Arun Nayar, Director August 17, 2023 /s/ Achal Agarwal Achal Agarwal, Director August 17, 2023 August 17, 2023 /s/ Armin Meyer August 17, 2023 /s/ Andrea Bertone Andrea Bertone, Director August 17, 2023 /s/ Karen Guerra Karen Guerra, Director August 17, 2023 /s/ Susan Carter Susan Carter, Director August 17, 2023 /s/ David Szczupak David Szczupak, Director August 17, 2023 115 116 Amcor Annual Report 2023 FINAL Exhibit Description Form of Filing Employment Agreement between Amcor Limited and Michael Zacka, dated as of 10 .10 February 24, 2017 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.24 to Amcor plc's Incorporated by Reference Form 10-K filed on August 24, 2021).* Three-Year Syndicated Facility Agreement, dated as of April 26, 2022, by and among, Amcor plc, Amcor Pty Ltd, Amcor Finance (USA), Inc., Amcor UK Finance plc and Amcor Flexibles North America, Inc., the lenders party thereto and JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., as administrative agent and foreign administrative agent (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to Amcor plc's Current Report on Form 8-K filed on April 28, 2022). Five-Year Syndicated Facility Agreement, dated as of April 26, 2022, by and among, Amcor plc, Amcor Pty Ltd, Amcor Finance (USA), Inc., Amcor UK Finance plc and Amcor Flexibles North America, Inc., the lenders party thereto and JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., as administrative agent and foreign administrative agent (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to Amcor plc's Current Report on Form 8-K filed on April 28, 2022). 21 .1 Subsidiaries of Amcor plc. Subsidiary Guarantors and Issuers of Guaranteed Securities. Consent of PricewaterhouseCoopers AG as auditors for the financial statements of Amcor plc. Chief Executive Officer Certification required by Rules 13a-14 and 15d-14 under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. Chief Financial Officer Certification required by Rules 13a-14 and 15d-14 under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. Incorporated by Reference Filed Herewith Filed Herewith Filed Herewith Filed Herewith Filed Herewith Certification of Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of Sarbanes Oxley Act of Furnished Herewith 2002. Inline XBRL document. Exhibit 101). Inline XBRL Interactive data files – The XBRL Instance Document does not appear in the Interactive Data File because its XBRL tags are embedded within the Filed Electronically Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted as Inline XBRL and contained in Filed Electronically 10 .11 10 .12 22 23 31 .1 31 .2 32 101 104 * This exhibit is a management contract or compensatory plan or arrangement. Item 16. - Form 10-K Summary None. Form10-K 129 Form10-K 130 Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized. Incorporated by Reference AMCOR PLC FINAL Signatures By /s/ Michael Casamento By /s/ Julie Sorrells Michael Casamento, Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer (Principal Financial Officer) Julie Sorrells, Vice President & Corporate Controller (Principal Accounting Officer) August 17, 2023 August 17, 2023 Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the Registrant and in the capacities and on the dates indicated. /s/ Michael Casamento Michael Casamento, Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer (Principal Financial Officer) /s/ Julie Sorrells Julie Sorrells, Vice President & Corporate Controller (Principal Accounting Officer) August 17, 2023 August 17, 2023 /s/ Ronald Delia Ronald Delia, Managing Director and Chief Executive Officer August 17, 2023 /s/ Graeme Liebelt Graeme Liebelt, Director and Chairman August 17, 2023 /s/ Nicholas (Tom) Long Nicholas (Tom) Long, Director August 17, 2023 /s/ Arun Nayar Arun Nayar, Director August 17, 2023 /s/ Achal Agarwal Achal Agarwal, Director August 17, 2023 /s/ Armin Meyer Armin Meyer, Director and Deputy Chairman August 17, 2023 /s/ Andrea Bertone Andrea Bertone, Director August 17, 2023 /s/ Karen Guerra Karen Guerra, Director August 17, 2023 /s/ Susan Carter Susan Carter, Director August 17, 2023 /s/ David Szczupak David Szczupak, Director August 17, 2023 115 116 Amcor Annual Report 2023 FINAL Form10-K 131 Schedule II - Valuation and Qualifying Accounts and Reserves (in millions) Reserves for Credit Losses, Sales Returns, Discounts, and Allowances: Year ended June 30, Balance at Beginning of the Year (1) Additions Charged to Profit and Loss Write-offs Foreign Currency Impact and Other (2) Balance at End of the Year 2023 2022 2021 $ 25 $ 28 42 3 $ 2 (4) (8) $ (3) (11) 1 $ (2) 1 21 25 28 (1) Beginning balance for fiscal year 2021 includes $7 million addition due to the adoption of ASC 326 ("CECL"). (2) Foreign Currency Impact and Other includes reserve accruals related to acquisitions. 117 Amcor Annual Report 2023 Form10-K 131 Form10-K 132 Schedule II - Valuation and Qualifying Accounts and Reserves FINAL (in millions) Reserves for Credit Losses, Sales Returns, Discounts, and Allowances: Balance at Beginning of the Additions Charged to Year ended June 30, Year (1) Profit and Loss Write-offs 2023 2022 2021 $ 25 $ 28 42 3 $ 2 (4) (8) $ (3) (11) Foreign Currency Impact and Other (2) Balance at End of the Year 1 $ (2) 1 21 25 28 (1) Beginning balance for fiscal year 2021 includes $7 million addition due to the adoption of ASC 326 ("CECL"). (2) Foreign Currency Impact and Other includes reserve accruals related to acquisitions. 117 Amcor Annual Report 2023 Other information 133 Other Information Amcor Annual Report 2023Other information 133 Other information 134 of operating internationally; price fluctuations or shortages in the availability of raw materials, energy, and other inputs; disruptions to production, supply, and commercial risks, including counterparty credit risks, which may be exacerbated in times of economic volatility; pandemics, epidemics, or other disease outbreaks; an inability to attract and retain our global executive management team and our skilled workforce; costs and liabilities related to environment, health, and safety (“EHS”) laws and regulations as well as changes in the global climate; labor disputes and an inability to renew collective bargaining agreements at acceptable terms; risks related to climate change; cybersecurity risks; failures or disruptions in information technology systems; rising interest rates; a significant increase in indebtedness or a downgrade in the credit rating; foreign exchange rate risk; a significant write-down of goodwill and/or other intangible assets; failure to maintain an effective system of internal control over financial reporting; inability of Amcor’s insurance policies to provide adequate protections; challenges to or the loss of intellectual property rights; litigation, including product liability claims or regulatory developments; increasing scrutiny and changing expectations from investors, customers, and governments with respect to Amcor’s Environmental, Social and Governance practices and commitments resulting in increased costs; changing government regulations in environmental, health, and safety matters; changes in tax laws or changes in our geographic mix of earnings; and other risks and uncertainties identified from time to time in Amcor’s filings with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”), including without limitation, those described under Item 1A. “Risk Factors” of Amcor’s annual report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended June 30, 2023 and any subsequent quarterly reports on Form 10-Q. You can obtain copies of Amcor’s filings with the SEC for free at the SEC’s website (www.sec.gov). Forward-looking statements included herein are made only as of the date hereof and Amcor does not undertake any obligation to update any forward-looking statements, or any other information in this communication, as a result of new information, future developments or otherwise, or to correct any inaccuracies or omissions in them which become apparent, except as expressly required by law. All forward-looking statements in this communication are qualified in their entirety by this cautionary statement. Cautionary statement regarding forward-looking statements This document contains certain statements that are “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of the safe harbor provisions of the U.S. Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Forward-looking statements are generally identified with words like “believe,” “expect,” “target,” “project,” “may,” “could,” “would,” “approximately,” “possible,” “will,” “should,” “intend,” “plan,” “anticipate,” “commit,” “estimate,” “potential,” “ambitions,” “outlook,” or “continue,” the negative of these words, other terms of similar meaning, or the use of future dates. Such statements are based on the current expectations of the management of Amcor and are qualified by the inherent risks and uncertainties surrounding future expectations generally. Actual results could differ materially from those currently anticipated due to a number of risks and uncertainties. None of Amcor or any of its respective directors, executive officers, or advisors provide any representation, assurance, or guarantee that the occurrence of the events expressed or implied in any forward-looking statements will actually occur. Risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ from expectations include, but are not limited to: changes in consumer demand patterns and customer requirements; the loss of key customers, a reduction in production requirements of key customers; significant competition in the industries and regions in which Amcor operates; failure by Amcor to expand its business; challenging current and future global economic conditions, including the Russia- Ukraine conflict and inflation; impact Amcor Annual Report 2023Other information 135 Presentation of non-GAAP information Included in this release are measures of financial performance that are not calculated in accordance with U.S. GAAP. These measures include adjusted EBITDA and EBITDA (calculated as earnings before interest and tax and depreciation and amortization), adjusted EBIT and EBIT (calculated as earnings before interest and tax), adjusted net income, adjusted earnings per share, adjusted free cash flow and net debt. In arriving at these non-GAAP measures, we exclude items that either have a non-recurring impact on the income statement or which, in the judgment of our management, are items that, either as a result of their nature or size, could, were they not singled out, potentially cause investors to extrapolate future performance from an improper base. Note that while amortization of acquired intangible assets is excluded from non-GAAP adjusted financial measures, the revenue of the acquired entities and all other expenses unless otherwise stated, are reflected in our non-GAAP financial performance earnings measures. While not all inclusive, examples of these items include: - - - - - - - - - - material restructuring programs, including associated costs such as employee severance, pension and related benefits, impairment of property and equipment and other assets, accelerated depreciation, termination payments for contracts and leases, contractual obligations, and any other qualifying costs related to restructuring plans; material sales and earnings from disposed or ceased operations and any associated profit or loss on sale of businesses or subsidiaries; changes in the fair value of economic hedging instruments on commercial paper; significant pension settlements; impairments in goodwill and equity method investments; material acquisition compensation and transaction costs such as due diligence expenses, professional and legal fees, and integration costs; material purchase accounting adjustments for inventory; amortization of acquired intangible assets from business combination; gains or losses on significant property and divestitures and significant property and other impairments, net of insurance recovery; certain regulatory and legal matters; - - impacts from hyperinflation accounting; and impacts related to the Russia-Ukraine conflict. Amcor also evaluates performance on a comparable constant currency basis, which measures financial results assuming constant foreign currency exchange rates used for translation based on the average rates in effect for the comparable prior year period. In order to compute comparable constant currency results, we multiply or divide, as appropriate, current-year U.S. dollar results by the current year average foreign exchange rates and then multiply or divide, as appropriate, those amounts by the prior-year average foreign exchange rates. We then adjust for other items affecting comparability. While not all inclusive, examples of items affecting comparability include the difference between sales or earnings in the current period and the prior period related to acquired, disposed, or ceased operations. Comparable constant currency net sales performance also excludes the impact from passing through movements in raw material costs. Management has used and uses these measures internally for planning, forecasting and evaluating the performance of the Company’s reporting segments and certain of the measures are used as a component of Amcor’s Board of Directors’ measurement of Amcor’s performance for incentive compensation purposes. Amcor believes that these non-GAAP measures are useful to enable investors to perform comparisons of current and historical performance of the Company. For each of these non-GAAP financial measures, a reconciliation to the most directly comparable U.S. GAAP financial measure has been provided herein. These non-GAAP financial measures should not be construed as an alternative to results determined in accordance with U.S. GAAP. The Company provides guidance on a non-GAAP basis as we are unable to predict with reasonable certainty the ultimate outcome and timing of certain significant forward-looking items without unreasonable effort. These items include but are not limited to the impact of foreign exchange translation, restructuring program costs, asset impairments, possible gains and losses on the sale of assets, and certain tax related events. These items are uncertain, depend on various factors, and could have a material impact on U.S. GAAP earnings and cash flow measures for the guidance period. Amcor Annual Report 2023Other information 135 Reconciliationofnon-GAAPmeasures 136 Reconciliation of non-GAAP measures Reconciliation of adjusted Earnings before interest, tax, depreciation and amortization (EBITDA), Earnings before interest and tax (EBIT), Net income, Earnings per share (EPS) and Free Cash Flow Twelve months ended June 30, 2022 Twelve months ended June 30, 2023 ($ million) Net income attributable to Amcor Net income attributable to non-controlling interests Tax expense Interest expense, net Depreciation and amortization EBIT 805 10 300 135 EBITDA 805 10 300 135 579 Net Income EPS (Diluted US cents)1 EBITDA EBIT Net Income EPS (Diluted US cents)1 805 52.9 1,048 1,048 1,048 70.5 10 193 259 10 193 259 569 EBITDA, EBIT, Net income and EPS 1,829 1,250 805 52.9 2,080 1,510 1,048 70.5 2019 Bemis Integration Plan Net loss on disposals2 Impact of hyperinflation Property and other losses, net3 37 10 16 13 37 10 16 13 37 10 16 13 2.5 0.7 1.0 0.8 – – 24 2 – – 24 2 – – 24 2 Russia-Ukraine conflict impacts4 200 200 200 13.2 (90) (90) (90) Pension settlements Other Amortization of acquired intangibles5 Tax effect of above items 8 4 8 4 163 8 4 163 (32) Adjusted EBITDA, EBIT, Net income and EPS 2,117 1,701 1,224 0.5 0.3 10.7 (2.1) 80.5 5 (3) 5 (3) 160 5 (3) 160 (57) 2,018 1,608 1,089 Reconciliation of adjusted growth to comparable constant currency growth % growth - Adjusted EBITDA, EBIT, Net income, and EPS (5) (5) (11) % items affecting comparability6 % currency impact % comparable constant currency growth Adjusted EBITDA Interest paid, net Income tax paid Purchase of property, plant and equipment and other intangible assets Proceeds from sales of property, plant and equipment and other intangible assets Movement in working capital Other Adjusted Free Cash Flow 2,117 (119) (256) (527) 18 (154) (13) 1,066 4 2 1 4 3 (4) 3 3 1 2,018 (248) (225) (526) 30 (229) 28 848 – – 1.9 0.1 (6.0) 0.3 (0.3) 10.8 (4.0) 73.3 (9) 4 3 (2) (1) Calculation of diluted EPS for the twelve months ended June 30, 2023 excludes net income attributable to shares to be repurchased under forward contracts of $7 million, and $3 million for the twelve months ended June 30, 2022. (2) Includes losses on disposal of non-core businesses in fiscal year 2022. (3) Property and other losses, net for fiscal year 2023 includes property claims and losses, net of insurance recovery related to the closure of our business in South Africa. Fiscal year 2022 includes business losses primarily associated with the destruction of our Durban, South Africa facility during general civil unrest in July 2021, net of insurance recovery. (4) Includes the net gain on disposal of the Russian business in December 2022 and incremental restructuring and other costs attributable to group wide initiatives to offset divested earnings from the Russian business. Fiscal year 2022 includes impairment charges and restructuring and related expenses. (5) Amortization of acquired intangible assets from business combinations. (6) Reflects the impact of acquired, disposed, and ceased operations. Amcor Annual Report 2023Reconciliationofnon-GAAPmeasures 137 Reconciliation of adjusted EBIT by reporting segment ($ million) Net income attributable to Amcor Net income attributable to non-controlling interests Tax expense Interest expense, net EBIT 2019 Bemis Integration Plan Net loss on disposals1 Impact of hyperinflation Property and other losses, net2 Russia-Ukraine conflict impacts3 Pension settlements Other Amortization of acquired intangibles4 Adjusted EBIT Adjusted EBIT / sales % Twelve months ended June 30, 2022 Twelve months ended June 30, 2023 Flexibles Rigid Packaging Other Total Flexibles Rigid Packaging Other Total 805 10 300 135 1,048 10 193 259 1,101 265 (116) 1,250 1,357 225 (72) 1,510 38 10 – 9 200 – 2 158 1,517 – – 16 – – 3 – 5 (1) – – 4 – 5 2 – 37 10 16 13 – – – – 200 (100) 8 4 3 14 163 155 – – 24 – 8 2 1 5 – – – 2 2 – (18) – – 24 2 (90) 5 (3) – 160 289 (105) 1,701 1,429 265 (86) 1,608 13.6% 8.5% 11.7% 12.8% 7.5% 10.9% Reconciliation of adjusted growth to comparable constant currency growth % growth - Adjusted EBIT % items affecting comparability5 % currency impact % comparable constant currency growth (6) (8) 4 3 1 – 1 (7) (5) 4 2 1 (1) Includes losses on disposal of non-core businesses in fiscal year 2022. (2) Property and other (gains)/losses, net for fiscal year 2023 includes property claims and losses, net of insurance recovery related to the closure of our business in South Africa. Fiscal year 2022 includes business losses primarily associated with the destruction of our Durban, South Africa facility during general civil unrest in July 2021, net of insurance recovery. (3) Includes the net gain on the sale of the Russian business and incremental restructuring and other costs attributable to group wide initiatives to offset divested earnings from the Russian business. Fiscal year 2022 includes impairment charges and restructuring and related expenses. (4) Amortization of acquired intangible assets from business combinations. (5) Reflects the impact of acquired, disposed, and ceased operations. Amcor Annual Report 2023Reconciliationofnon-GAAPmeasures 137 Reconciliationofnon-GAAPmeasures 138 Reconciliation of net debt ($ million) Cash and cash equivalents Short-term debt Current portion of long-term debt Long-term debt excluding current portion Net debt June 30, 2022 June 30, 2023 (775) 136 14 6,340 5,715 (689) 80 13 6,653 6,057 Amcor Annual Report 2023Contact Amcor plc UK Establishment Address: 83 Tower Road North, Warmley, Bristol, England, BS308XP,UnitedKingdom UKOverseasCompany Number:BR020803 Registered Office: 3rd Floor, 44 Esplanade, StHelier,JE49WG,Jersey, Channel Islands Jersey Registered Company Number: 126984, Australian Registered Body Number (ARBN): 630385278 www.amcor.com Contact 139 Amcor Annual Report 2023 Amcor Annual Report 2023

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