Anglo American Annual Report 2006

Plain-text annual report

A n g l o A m e r i c a n p l c A n n u a l R e p o r t 2 0 0 6 Annual Report 2006 Anglo American: Delivering our strategic goals Anglo American plc 20 Carlton House Terrace London SW1Y 5AN England Telephone +44 (0)20 7968 8888 Fax +44 (0)20 7968 8500 Registered number 3564138 www.angloamerican.co.uk ANGLO AMERICAN plc ANNUAL REPORT 2006 Anglo American – a global leader in mining Our products are essential parts of modern life Anglo American is committed to operating in a proﬁ table, sustainable and responsible way Contents Highlights of 2006 Anglo American at a glance Chairman’s statement Chief executive’s statement Operating and ﬁ nancial review The Company – overview and strategy Financial performance during the year Resources Principal risks and uncertainties Directors’ report Corporate governance Remuneration report Financial statements Independent auditors’ report Principal statements Notes to ﬁ nancial statements Ore reserves and mineral resources Production statistics Exchange rates and commodity prices Key ﬁ nancial data Summary by business segment Shareholder information Other Anglo American publications 01 02 04 06 09 10 33 49 52 56 59 66 86 88 92 128 150 155 156 157 159 160 Highlights of 2006 (cid:36)(cid:41)(cid:54)(cid:41)(cid:36)(cid:37)(cid:46)(cid:36)(cid:51)(cid:0)(cid:48)(cid:37)(cid:50)(cid:0)(cid:51)(cid:40)(cid:33)(cid:50)(cid:37) (cid:53)(cid:51)(cid:0)(cid:67)(cid:69)(cid:78)(cid:84)(cid:83) (cid:53)(cid:46)(cid:36)(cid:37)(cid:50)(cid:44)(cid:57)(cid:41)(cid:46)(cid:39)(cid:0)(cid:37)(cid:48)(cid:51) (cid:53)(cid:51)(cid:4) (cid:37)(cid:34)(cid:41)(cid:52)(cid:36)(cid:33) (cid:53)(cid:51)(cid:4)(cid:77) 15 36 15 39 19 51 28 33 62 67 75 33 1.25 1.20 1.87 2.58 3.73 4,792 4,785 7,031 8,959 12,197 •(cid:0) (cid:38)(cid:73)(cid:78)(cid:65)(cid:76) •(cid:0) (cid:51)(cid:80)(cid:69)(cid:67)(cid:73)(cid:65)(cid:76) •(cid:0) (cid:41)(cid:78)(cid:84)(cid:69)(cid:82)(cid:73)(cid:77) (cid:16)(cid:18) (cid:16)(cid:19) (cid:16)(cid:20) (cid:16)(cid:21) (cid:16)(cid:22) (cid:16)(cid:18)(cid:17) (cid:16)(cid:19)(cid:17) (cid:16)(cid:20) (cid:16)(cid:21) (cid:16)(cid:22) (cid:16)(cid:18)(cid:17) (cid:16)(cid:19)(cid:17) (cid:16)(cid:20) (cid:16)(cid:21) (cid:16)(cid:22) 1 UK GAAP • Record underlying earnings* of $5.5 billion, a 46% increase over 2005 • Operating proﬁ t* increased to $9.8 billion, up 54%, with record production levels for platinum group metals, zinc, coal and iron ore; highest ever proﬁ t contributions from Base Metals, Platinum and ongoing Ferrous Metals business • Cost savings of $583 million achieved, despite ongoing industry cost pressures • Cash generation at a record level: EBITDA* of $12.2 billion, up $3.2 billion. Net debt down 33% to $3.3 billion • $6.9 billion approved project pipeline, includes the following major projects: • Coal: Dawson ($426 million), Lake Lindsay ($361 million) • Platinum: Potgietersrust ($692 million), Amandelbult ($224 million) • Diamonds: Snap Lake ($395 million), Victor ($375 million) • Ferrous Metals: Sishen Expansion (SEP) ($754 million) • Base Metals: Barro Alto ($1.2 billion) • Normal dividends up 20% to 108 US cents per share Special dividend up 103% to 67 US cents per share • Additional buyback of $3 billion announced in early 2007, following $7.5 billion announced in 2006, totalling $10.5 billion * Basis of calculation of underlying earnings is set out in note 11 to the ﬁ nancial statements. Operating proﬁ t includes share of associates’ operating proﬁ t (before share of associates’ tax and ﬁ nance charges) and is before special items and remeasurements unless otherwise stated. EBITDA is operating proﬁ t before special items, remeasurements, depreciation and amortisation in subsidiaries and joint ventures and share of EBITDA of associates. EBITDA is reconciled to cash inﬂ ows from operations in the ﬁ nancial statements below the consolidated statement of recognised income and expense. Throughout this report 2002 and 2003 are presented under UK GAAP. 2004, 2005 and 2006 results are presented under IFRS. Unless otherwise stated, throughout this report ‘$’ and ‘dollar’ denote US dollars. Anglo American plc Annual Report 2006 | 01 ANGLO AMERICAN plc ANNUAL REPORT 2006 ANGLO AMERICAN AT A GLANCE Anglo American is a global leader in mining, focused on adding value for shareholders, customers, employees and the communities in which it operates The Group has a range of high quality, core mining businesses covering platinum, diamonds, coal, base and ferrous metals and industrial minerals OUR BUSINESSES Platinum Diamonds Base Metals Ferrous Metals Business proﬁ le • The world’s largest primary producer of platinum, accounting for around 40% of the world’s newly mined platinum output. Products and uses • Primarily used in autocatalysts and jewellery. • Also used in chemical, electrical, electronic, glass and petroleum industries and medical applications. Business proﬁ le • De Beers accounts for about 40% by value of global rough diamond production. • The world’s largest supplier and marketer of gem diamonds. Products and uses • The majority of cuttable diamonds are used in jewellery. • Some natural stones are used for industrial purposes such as cutting, drilling and other applications. Business proﬁ le • Comprises primarily copper, nickel, zinc and mineral sands operations. • Operates in South America, southern Africa and Ireland. Products and uses • Copper is used mainly in wire and cable, as well as in brass, tubing and pipes. • Zinc is chieﬂ y used for galvanising. • Nickel is mostly used in the production of stainless steel. Business proﬁ le • Operations are mainly in southern Africa, South America, Canada and Australia. • Businesses produce iron ore, manganese and steel products for the mining sector. Products and uses • Iron ore is the basic raw material used in steel production. • Manganese and vanadium are key components in steelmaking. 02 | Anglo American plc Annual Report 2006 KEY Geographical locations • Platinum • Diamonds • Base Metals • Ferrous Metals • Coal • Industrial Minerals • Gold • Paper and Packaging ■ Indicates countries in which exploration is currently under way Coal Industrial Minerals Exploration Gold EXPLORATION OTHER BUSINESSES Business proﬁ le • Anglo Coal is one of the world’s largest private sector coal producers and exporters. • Its operations are in South Africa, Australia, Colombia and Venezuela. Products and uses • About 40% of all electricity generated globally is powered by coal. • Around 66% of the world’s steel industry uses coal and it is an important fuel for other industries. Business proﬁ le • Tarmac is the No. 1 UK producer of aggregates and asphalt and a leading producer of ready-mixed concrete. • Its operations are primarily in the UK, continental Europe and the Middle East. Products and uses • Tarmac is involved in the production of crushed rock, sand, gravel, concrete and mortar, lime, cement and concrete products. • Copebrás is a Brazilian producer of phosphate fertilisers. As one of the major diversiﬁ ed mining groups, Anglo American’s exploration activities cover many parts of the globe. In its constant search for minerals, Anglo American is currently prospecting in more than 30 countries. In addition to its focus on areas surrounding its existing mining operations, Anglo American is now looking at relatively unexplored new frontiers, including in the Arctic region through an arc stretching from Alaska to the Russian far east. During 2006, over $250 million was spent on exploration – $53 million on base metals, $30 million on platinum, $24 million on coal, $9 million on ferrous metals and $140 million by De Beers. Business proﬁ le • AngloGold Ashanti is a major world gold producer. • It has 22 operations in ten countries. Products and uses • Fabricated gold is used in jewellery, electronics, dentistry, decorations, medals and coins. Paper and Packaging Business proﬁ le • Mondi is an integrated paper and packaging group. • Its operations and interests are worldwide. Products and uses • Mondi makes packaging and ofﬁ ce papers, board, converted packaging and newsprint. Anglo American plc Annual Report 2006 | 03 ANGLO AMERICAN plc ANNUAL REPORT 2006 CHAIRMAN’S STATEMENT ‘Another strong year for the Group with record proﬁ ts and laying the foundation for signiﬁ cant future growth.’ 2006 was another strong year for Anglo American. The Group returned record proﬁ ts and laid the foundations for further growth. A number of major projects were initiated, adding to the strength of the pipeline and a $7.5 billion return of capital was announced in 2006, underlining the Group’s strong balance sheet Progress was made in delivering on our strategy of becoming a more focused mining group. A number of the steps required to complete the restructuring involve complex regulatory issues but I am conﬁ dent that these will be successfully managed and substantive further progress made by the middle of 2007. An important development will be the appointment of Cynthia Carroll, who will succeed Tony Trahar as chief executive on 1 March 2007. The Board was seeking a candidate with experience in a capital intensive industry with long investment horizons. It identiﬁ ed three critical factors: a track record of operational excellence and of growing a global business; an ability to give new momentum to our work in transforming the culture of the Group, within South Africa and beyond; and an ability to work well with governments and other stakeholders. Cynthia Carroll met these criteria admirably. She was the unanimous choice of the Board after a very rigorous process. Tony Trahar has made a pivotal contribution to Anglo American’s growth and development at a crucial time in its history. Over the last seven years he has presided over a major streamlining of the Group’s interests, including through a signiﬁ cant programme of acquisitions and disposals. Moreover, through some shrewd acquisitions, organic growth opportunities and improved cost control, shareholder returns have been signiﬁ cantly improved. He leaves the Company in good health and poised for a new phase in its development. The Board is grateful to him for his contribution over many years with the Group. The ﬁ rst three quarters of 2006 saw a signiﬁ cant improvement in our safety performance but the record once again deteriorated in the ﬁ nal quarter. Despite the strong focus on safety during the year only a small improvement in the number of fatalities was achieved and much remains to be done. The Board expects 04 | Anglo American plc Annual Report 2006 that the intensive training drive undertaken at all management and supervisory levels during the year to embed the Anglo Safety Way will yield results in 2007. Some 20 sites have undertaken safety peer reviews. The lessons emerging from these will be acted upon across the Group. Perceptions of the need for a more energetic response to climate change grew signiﬁ cantly during 2006 amongst policy makers and the public. Business must play its part in driving more efﬁ cient energy use and in the adoption of new technologies. However, this involves substantial long term investment and greater certainty about the post Kyoto policy framework is urgently needed. In the interim, Anglo American is continuing to improve its At a glance • The Group achieved record proﬁ ts and laid the foundations for further growth • Progress was made in delivering on our strategy of becoming a more focused mining group • Cynthia Carroll appointed as successor to Tony Trahar • Evolving strategies to combat climate change IN DETAIL Our performance Anglo American’s share price outperforms the FTSE 100 during 2006 Anglo American vs FTSE 100 2006 (Indexed) • Anglo American • FTSE 100 130 120 110 100 90 31/12/05 31/12/06 Anglo American’s lost time and fatal injury frequency rates LTIFR and FIFR • LTIFR 2.5 2.0 1.5 1.0 0.5 0 • FIFR 0.04 0.03 0.02 0.01 0 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 – with major programmes in South Africa and Chile – and implementation of our Socio- Economic Assessment Toolbox (SEAT) process, which has taken place at over 50 sites in 15 countries. At an international level, we were the ﬁ rst private sector investor in the Investment Climate Facility for Africa, have played a leading role in the mining sector in the Extractive Industries Transparency Initiative and participated in programmes on business and development through the International Council on Mining & Metals and the World Business Council for Sustainable Development. We see action to improve the management of our impacts and to contribute to good governance as fundamental to our licence to operate and access to resources. Many commentators expect to see some softening of commodity prices, and especially of base metals, in 2007 compared with the highs achieved in 2006. Nonetheless, prices are likely to continue to be relatively high for the immediate future, underpinned by demand from the BRIC economies and the anticipated strength of the world economy. (cid:1) Sir Mark Moody-Stuart Chairman Anglo American plc Annual Report 2006 | 05 energy efﬁ ciency with hundreds of site level initiatives. We have established two methane capture and use projects in Australia which between them are achieving greenhouse gas savings equivalent to removing 375,000 cars from the roads. Also in Australia, we are pursuing the Monash Energy project through a new joint venture with Shell. If it proves feasible, Monash would produce a signiﬁ cant amount of Australia’s diesel requirements as well as a major investment in carbon capture and storage. We are also participating in the FutureGen project to achieve near zero emissions power generation from coal. We have continued to work on projects designed to improve our ability to contribute to sustainable development. At a local level this involves, for example, business development ANGLO AMERICAN plc ANNUAL REPORT 2006 CHIEF EXECUTIVE’S STATEMENT ‘ We achieved operating proﬁ t of $9.8 billion, the highest ever recorded for Anglo American, on the back of increased production and higher commodity prices.’ 2006 was an important year for Anglo American. We made good progress in executing our restructuring initiatives to become a more focused mining group. We reported our strongest ever operating results, announced a $7.5 billion capital return in 2006 and a further $3 billion in 2007, while also investing in signiﬁ cant growth opportunities and progressing our $6.9 billion of projects across our portfolio. In addition, we were very pleased to announce that Cynthia Carroll will succeed me as chief executive on 1 March 2007. Cynthia brings a wealth of highly relevant experience and an excellent operational track record and is ideally suited to take Anglo American to the next phase of its development. Record ﬁ nancial results We achieved operating proﬁ t for the year of $9.8 billion – Tony Trahar Chief Executive 06 | Anglo American plc Annual Report 2006 During 2006 • Good progress was made in our restructuring initiatives to become a more focused mining group • Strongest ever operating results • A record $7.5 billion returned to our shareholders • Signiﬁ cant investment in our project pipeline our highest ever recorded – on the back of increased production and higher commodity prices. While cost pressures persist in the sector, Anglo American successfully continued to limit the impact. Underlying earnings were $5.5 billion with record EBITDA of $12.2 billion. The strong cash generation from our operations, as well as proceeds from non-core disposals, resulted in 2006 in the announcement of a $7.5 billion return of capital in the form of share buybacks and special dividends – one of the highest levels of capital return in the industry – in addition to $1.4 billion in ordinary dividends paid in 2006 and a further $1.1 billion ﬁ nal dividend recommended in 2007. Focus on core mining portfolio Our strategic focus is clear: (1) to further focus the Group on its core mining portfolio and in the process simplify our structure and enhance proﬁ tability; (2) to deliver on our signiﬁ cant $6.9 billion project pipeline; and (3) to return any excess capital to our shareholders. In 2006, we made signiﬁ cant progress restructuring our portfolio. In April, we sold $1 billion worth of AngloGold Ashanti, reducing our shareholding from 51% to 42%. The decision to reduce and ultimately exit our gold holding relates to the higher relative valuations attributable to pure- play gold companies, rather than as part of a diversiﬁ ed mining group. We will continue to explore all available options to exit AngloGold Ashanti in an orderly manner. Regarding Mondi, plans for a full demerger are progressing. Approval in principle has been received from the regulatory authorities in South Africa for a Dual Listed Company Structure with primary listings in Johannesburg and London. Arrangements are being ﬁ nalised to enable a smooth and efﬁ cient transition to a fully independent company. The senior management team is in place and a new board of directors is being established. The listing of Mondi is targeted for mid-2007. Good progress was made in restructuring our Ferrous Metals and Industries business. In July 2006, we disposed of the majority of our stake in Highveld Steel, with Russia’s Evraz group and Credit Suisse each acquiring 24.9% of Highveld’s share capital for an aggregate consideration of $412 million. Evraz has an option to increase its stake in Highveld, once regulatory approvals are received, entitling Evraz to purchase our remaining 29.2% shareholding. On implementation of the option arrangement, the aggregate amount that will have been realised by Anglo American for its 79% interest in Highveld will be $678 million. In November 2006, we completed the restructuring of Kumba Resources with the listings on the Johannesburg Stock Exchange of Kumba Iron Ore as a pure- play iron ore company in which Anglo American holds 64%, and Exxaro, which became South Africa’s largest black economic empowered (BEE) natural resources company. The unbundling of Tongaat- Hulett’s aluminium business to shareholders and simultaneous introduction of broad based BEE into both Tongaat Hulett and Hulett Aluminium will occur during the second quarter of 2007. This will reduce Anglo American’s interest in Tongaat Hulett to 38% and in Hulett Aluminium to 39%. Tarmac’s strategic review, completed in early 2006, clearly deﬁ nes the scope of its business as aggregates, together with three routes to market (asphalt, concrete and concrete products) and integration of cement where appropriate. The disposals announced in February 2006 have been largely completed and good progress is being made on delivering structural operational improvements. A proﬁ table growth platform over the next decade During 2006, we made excellent progress in developing our pipeline of growth opportunities across numerous territories. We currently have $6.9 billion of projects under development and are assessing a further $10 billion to $15 billion of unapproved opportunities that will provide us with a proﬁ table growth platform over the next decade. Anglo Platinum expects reﬁ ned platinum production to be between 2.8 and 2.9 million ounces in 2007 in line with its long term growth target of 5% per annum. During 2006 the company approved several major projects, including the $692 million Potgietersrust Project, the $224 million Amandelbult expansion and the $316 million Paardekraal 2 shaft replacement project. These projects will contribute 456,000 platinum ounces to Anglo Platinum’s production. The Townlands Ore Replacement project, at a capital cost of $139 million, was approved in February 2007. This will replace 70,000 ounces of reﬁ ned platinum per annum by 2014 with production from new Merensky and UG2 areas at the Rustenburg Townlands shaft. Anglo Coal has one of the most extensive near term portfolios of growth options in the coal industry and is currently developing four major projects across three operating regions. IN DETAIL Strong performance in second half (cid:47)(cid:80)(cid:69)(cid:82)(cid:65)(cid:84)(cid:73)(cid:78)(cid:71)(cid:0)(cid:80)(cid:82)(cid:79)(cid:70)(cid:73)(cid:84) (cid:53)(cid:51)(cid:4)(cid:77) (cid:18)(cid:16)(cid:16)(cid:22)(cid:0)(cid:40)(cid:18)(cid:0)(cid:48)(cid:82)(cid:79)(cid:68)(cid:85)(cid:67)(cid:84)(cid:73)(cid:79)(cid:78)(cid:0)(cid:41)(cid:78)(cid:67)(cid:82)(cid:69)(cid:65)(cid:83)(cid:69) •(cid:0) (cid:18)(cid:16)(cid:16)(cid:22) 5,269 4,563 (cid:40)(cid:17) (cid:40)(cid:18) •(cid:0) (cid:41)(cid:82)(cid:79)(cid:78)(cid:0)(cid:79)(cid:82)(cid:69) •(cid:0) (cid:39)(cid:79)(cid:76)(cid:68) •(cid:0) (cid:48)(cid:76)(cid:65)(cid:84)(cid:73)(cid:78)(cid:85)(cid:77) •(cid:0) (cid:35)(cid:79)(cid:80)(cid:80)(cid:69)(cid:82) •(cid:0) (cid:35)(cid:79)(cid:65)(cid:76) 9% 5% 3% 15% 15% (cid:5) (cid:0) (cid:41) (cid:78) (cid:67) (cid:82) (cid:69) (cid:65) (cid:83) (cid:69) (cid:0) (cid:8) (cid:40) (cid:18) (cid:0) (cid:86) (cid:0) (cid:40) (cid:17) (cid:9) Anglo American plc Annual Report 2006 | 07 ANGLO AMERICAN plc ANNUAL REPORT 2006 CHIEF EXECUTIVE’S STATEMENT ‘Relatively strong global growth will provide a supportive climate for commodities in the coming year.’ In Australia, work is continuing on the $835 million Dawson project, which is planned to reach full production in 2007, producing 12.7 million tonnes per annum (Mtpa) for export markets. We also began construction of the $516 million Lake Lindsay greenﬁ eld project at the German Creek mine which will produce 3.7 Mtpa of metallurgical coal and 0.3 Mtpa of thermal coal by 2008, most of it for the Paciﬁ c Rim markets. In South Africa, we started development of the Mafube mine following the granting of prospecting rights, while the Isibonelo project, which supplies 5 Mtpa to Sasol, reached full production in 2006. In Colombia, the ﬁ rst phase of the expansion to 28 Mtpa at the Cerrejón mine reached completion and a second expansion to 32 Mtpa is already under way. In February 2007, Anglo Coal announced the creation of Anglo Inyosi Coal, an empowered coal company housing key current and future domestic and export focused coal operations. Anglo Coal has signed a Heads of Agreement with Inyosi, a newly formed broad based BEE company. Inyosi will acquire 27% of Anglo Inyosi Coal, creating a company valued at $1 billion and incorporating several key Anglo Coal assets; namely Kriel Colliery (an existing mine) and the Elders, Zondagsfontein, New Largo and Heidelberg projects. Anglo Base Metals is currently assessing a number of major projects, which will drive signiﬁ cant production growth well into the next decade. In December, we approved the $1.2 billion Barro Alto project in Brazil which will produce an average of 36,000 tonnes of nickel per year in the form of ferronickel over a minimum 26 year mine life. Construction of the Barro Alto facilities is scheduled to begin in 2007, with production commencing in 2010 and ramping up to full capacity during 2011. In addition, Anglo Base Metals is continuing work on feasibility and debottlenecking studies at the two major Chilean copper operations, Los Bronces and Collahuasi, and a decision to proceed with these expansions is expected in 2007. Kumba Iron Ore is well advanced on the $754 million Sishen expansion project in South Africa’s Northern Cape, with ﬁ rst output due in 2007 and full ramp up to 13 Mtpa targeted for 2009. This will take Kumba Iron Ore to 45 Mtpa of iron ore production, of which 36 Mtpa will be exported. Further brownﬁ eld and greenﬁ eld projects offer the potential to increase Kumba Iron Ore’s annual production to over 70 Mtpa by 2015. Other iron ore growth opportunities are being pursued. Scaw produced a record operating proﬁ t for the year of $160 million, up $39 million on 2005, driven by strong demand for its range of products and the acquisition of AltaSteel, a manufacturer of value added steel products in Canada. Progress continues on De Beers’ Canadian projects at Snap Lake and Victor. Despite project costs rising, owing to higher energy costs, technological challenges and the impact of the early closure of the winter road to the sites, both developments remain on track to open in the ﬁ nal quarters of 2007 and 2008 respectively. In 2006, De Beers also approved two projects in South Africa: the re-opening of the dormant Voorspoed mine and the South African Sea Areas marine mining project for a total capital expenditure of $315 million. Safety The most signiﬁ cant challenge remains our safety performance. After several years of steady safety improvement, the last quarter of 2006 was marred by a signiﬁ cantly higher incidence of fatal accidents. During the year, 44 employees and contractors lost their lives. All loss of life at the workplace is totally unacceptable and we continue to strive through a variety of measures for the elimination of any loss of life and injury. During 2006, we introduced a comprehensive new framework of safety policies – the Anglo Safety Way – and guidelines which are based on the principles of achieving zero harm, of identifying key learnings from each incident and of using these to prevent repeat incidents and of ensuring that there is uniform adherence at site level to a set of clear rules. Sustainable development In terms of sustainable development, Anglo American continues to be amongst the leading companies in the extractive sector, including through a big improvement in the proportion of employees coming forward for voluntary counselling and testing for HIV/AIDS, continued success in improving our local development impacts through our Socio-Economic Assessment Toolbox (SEAT) process and through our position as the ﬁ rst private sector investor to commit to fund the Investment Climate Facility for Africa. We have continued to be actively involved in the development and promotion of the Extractive Industries Transparency Initiative (EITI), including through representing the mining sector on the EITI’s governing body. The EITI supports improved governance in resource rich countries. Outlook Global economic growth was especially rapid in the ﬁ rst half of 2006, with all the major regions of the world growing rapidly over this period. Commodity prices reacted positively to this environment, with new highs being recorded for a number of products. In the second half, global growth began to moderate, particularly in the US. European markets are now improving and emerging markets generally, and China and India in particular, are growing strongly. Continued growth in these regions in 2007 is likely to largely offset weaker US growth and thus the decline in global economic activity from the strong level achieved in 2006 should be fairly modest. The Group continues to progress its strong project pipeline and drive its operational excellence to meet ongoing demand for its commodities. Relatively strong global growth will provide a supportive climate for commodities in the coming year. I retire from Anglo American in the knowledge that the Group is today one of the largest and strongest mining companies in the world. Its people and assets are second to none and I have every conﬁ dence that my successor, Cynthia Carroll, will continue to serve all our stakeholders in a successful and proﬁ table way. I would like to thank the Board of directors, management and all employees for their support during my tenure as chief executive.(cid:1) 08 | Anglo American plc Annual Report 2006 Operating and ﬁ nancial review Basis of disclosure This Operating and ﬁ nancial review (OFR) describes the main trends and factors underlying the development, performance and position of Anglo American plc during the year ended 31 December 2006, as well as those likely to affect our future development, performance and position. It has been prepared in line with the guidance provided in the Reporting statement on the Operating and ﬁ nancial review issued by the UK Accounting Standards Board in January 2006. Forward looking statements This OFR contains certain forward looking statements with respect to the ﬁ nancial condition, results, operations and businesses of Anglo American. These statements and forecasts involve risk and uncertainty because they relate to events and depend on circumstances that occur in the future. There are a number of factors that could cause actual results or developments to differ materially from those expressed or implied by these forward looking statements. Section contents The Company – overview and strategy The businesses Business focus Strategic focus Key performance indicators Project pipeline and major projects Sustainable development Safety Energy use and reducing CO2 emissions Community social investment Key challenges Financial performance during the year Financial review of the Group’s results Financial review of the businesses Resources Our people Our knowledge and expertise Exploration Ore reserves and mineral resources estimates Principal risks and uncertainties Page 10 10 25 25 27 28 30 30 30 31 31 33 33 37 49 49 50 51 51 52 Anglo American plc Annual Report 2006 | 09 ANGLO AMERICAN plc ANNUAL REPORT 2006 OPERATING AND FINANCIAL REVIEW The Company – overview and strategy The businesses Anglo American is one of the world’s largest mining and natural resource groups. With its subsidiaries, joint ventures and associates, it is a global leader in platinum, gold and diamonds, with signiﬁ cant interests in coal, base and ferrous metals, industrial minerals and paper and packaging. The Group is geographically diverse with operations in Africa, Europe, South and North America, Australia and Asia. The performance of the businesses is reported according to the commodity group around which they focus. The businesses are described below. Detail of their ﬁ nancial performance in 2006 is found on pages 37 to 48. Platinum • World’s No. 1 primary producer of platinum • One of the biggest capital expenditure programmes in world mining • Long term outlook is favourable for platinum and other platinum group metals Business overview Anglo American’s managed subsidiary, Anglo Platinum Limited, located in South Africa, is the world’s leading primary producer of platinum accounting for about 40% of the world’s newly mined production. Anglo Platinum mines, processes, reﬁ nes and markets the entire range of platinum group metals (PGMs) (platinum, palladium, rhodium, ruthenium, iridium and osmium). Anglo Platinum wholly owns four mining operations, three smelters, a base metals reﬁ nery and a precious metals reﬁ nery, all of which are located in the Limpopo and north west provinces of South Africa. Each of Anglo Platinum’s mines operates its own concentrator facilities, with smelting and reﬁ ning of the output being undertaken at the Rustenburg Platinum Mines’ metallurgical facilities and the Polokwane smelter. The group’s four wholly owned mining operations include Rustenburg Platinum Mines’ Rustenburg and Amandelbult Sections, as well as Potgietersrust Platinums Limited (PPRust) and Lebowa Platinum Mines Limited. Anglo Platinum’s Union Section is 85% held following the recently concluded transaction with a black economic empowerment (BEE) consortium, the Bakgatla-Ba-Kgafela traditional community, in terms of which the community acquired a 15% interest in Union Section’s mining and concentrating business. In addition, the group has a 50:50 joint venture with a historically disadvantaged South African (HDSA) consortium, led by African Rainbow Minerals, over the Modikwa platinum mine; a joint venture with Royal Bafokeng Resources, a HDSA partner, over the combined Bafokeng-Rasimone platinum mine and Styldrift properties; and a joint venture with Xstrata over the Mototolo mine. Anglo Platinum also has pooling and sharing agreements with Aquarius Platinum covering the shallow reserves of the Kroondal and Marikana mines and portions of the reserves at Anglo Platinum’s Rustenburg Section. The operations are situated in the world’s richest reserve of PGMs known as the Bushveld Complex, with 2006 production exceeding 2.8 million ounces of reﬁ ned platinum, primarily from the Merensky, UG2 and Platreef ores. Although PGMs are the primary products of Anglo Platinum’s operations, base metals such as nickel, copper and cobalt sulphate are important secondary products and are signiﬁ cant contributors to the group’s earnings. The group holds a 22.5% share in Northam Platinum Limited, acquired as a consequence of a mineral rights swap. In Zimbabwe, the group is developing a mine, Unki, on the south chamber of the Great Dyke Platinum deposit. In addition to its current operations, Anglo Platinum has access to an excellent portfolio of ore reserves to ensure that the company is well placed to strengthen its position as the world’s leading platinum producer for many generations to come. 10 | Anglo American plc Annual Report 2006 Industry overview and demand drivers PGMs have a wide range of industrial and high technology applications. Demand for platinum is driven by its use in jewellery and in autocatalysts, for both petrol and diesel engine vehicles. These uses are responsible for 75% of net total platinum consumption. However, platinum also has an enormous range of lesser- known applications, predominantly in the chemical, electrical, medical, glass and petroleum industries. The platinum jewellery market requires constant promotion and development to ensure that platinum maintains its position as one of the most desirable metals for jewellery. Anglo Platinum is the major supporter of the Platinum Guild International, which since its inception in 1975 has played a key role in encouraging demand for platinum and establishing new platinum jewellery markets. Currently, the three largest platinum jewellery markets are China, Japan and North America. Industrial applications for platinum are driven by technology and, especially in the case of autocatalysts, by legislation. Technological development continues to drive industrial demand and ongoing research into new applications will create further growth in this sector. With the rapid spread of exhaust emissions legislation, over 91% of new vehicles sold in the world now have autocatalysts ﬁ tted. The intensifying stringency of emissions legislation will drive growth in PGM demand for autocatalysts as new legislation is applied to trucks and off-road vehicles in the US. The increasing popularity of diesel powered vehicles in Europe continues. This has also intensiﬁ ed the demand for platinum, as diesel powered cars can only use autocatalysts that are predominantly platinum based. Interest in fuel cell technology has accelerated dramatically over the past decade, largely on the back of rising concerns about environmental degradation and energy costs. At present demand is small, but gradual medium to long term growth, ﬁ rst in small battery replacement applications and stationary fuel cells and later with the commercialisation of fuel cell vehicles, is envisaged. Palladium’s principal application is in autocatalysts (around 48% of net production). Palladium is also used in electronic components, including multi-layer ceramic capacitators, in dental alloys and more recently as an emerging jewellery metal. Palladium demand is expected to ﬂ atten out against a backdrop of increasing supply expected from South African expansions. Rhodium is an important metal in autocatalysts. Nearly 85% of rhodium produced is used in catalytic converters for the auto industry. Amounts are also consumed in industrial applications such as glass-making for ﬂ at panel display units. In the short to medium term the market supply/demand balance is expected to remain tight, supported by autocatalyst growth and glass demand for ﬂ at screen televisions. Thrifting (using less metal, typically in thinner coatings to achieve the same catalytic effect) and increased supply from UG2 expansions may ease the market balance in the longer term. The other three PGMs produced are ruthenium, iridium and osmium. Ruthenium and iridium have been mainly used in chemical and electronic applications and osmium is used as a catalyst in the pharmaceutical industrial sector and to stain specimens for microscopic analysis. Recently, ruthenium has found an application in magnetic memory storage devices, which has accelerated demand substantially. Current high US dollar PGM market prices partly reﬂ ect the up-cycle being enjoyed by most commodities, but are supported by strong market fundamentals, in particular for platinum where metal supply has been in deﬁ cit for seven years and long term demand is robust, based on growth in existing applications and emerging fuel cell technology. Supplies of and demand for platinum are expected to grow and the market is expected to remain balanced over the short to medium term. Palladium demand is also expected to grow but, against a backdrop of increasing supply from South African expansions, remains adequately supplied. The increased supply of rhodium from expansionary activity should place pressure on current prices in the longer term. As a result of the current expansionary activity in the mining industry a key challenge that faces platinum producers is the ability to manage and deliver capital projects as well as retaining and attracting skilled staff. Anglo Platinum has focused on skills recruitment and retention and securing contractor capacity to ensure its projects remain on time and within budget. This has placed increased pressure on costs and organisational efﬁ ciency. The company continues to focus on cost containment and savings so as to limit the increase in unit costs. Anglo American plc Annual Report 2006 | 11 ANGLO AMERICAN plc ANNUAL REPORT 2006 OPERATING AND FINANCIAL REVIEW | THE BUSINESSES Strategy and business development Anglo Platinum’s strategy is to develop the market for PGMs, expand production into that growth opportunity and conduct its business safely, cost-effectively and competitively. Growing demand is achieved by substantial investment in research and development into new uses for PGMs, through customers including Johnson Matthey plc, and global promotional campaigns for jewellery through the Platinum Guild International. These investments enable Anglo Platinum to meet its objective of growing the market. In order to meet the increased demand, Anglo Platinum is targeting expanding operations at an average compound growth target of 5% per annum. Much of this expansion will come from the development of Anglo Platinum’s extensive resources. Anglo Platinum expects to meet its long term growth proﬁ le of 5% per annum by exploiting its own reserves through direct investment in projects as well as with joint venture partners. This growth proﬁ le requires projects that will create additional new production as well as maintain existing production levels owing to reserve depletion from current mining activities. Overall mining production (as measured in equivalent reﬁ ned platinum production) and purchase of concentrate increased in 2006 by 5.4%, or 135,000 equivalent reﬁ ned platinum ounces, in line with Anglo Platinum’s strategy. The implementation of Anglo Platinum’s extensive suite of mining and processing projects to expand and maintain production continues on schedule. Projects that have increased production include Modikwa, Kroondal and for the ﬁ rst time in 2006, the Marikana and Mototolo ventures which have each added 12,800 equivalent reﬁ ned platinum ounces for 2006. Marikana, approved in 2005, will produce 74,000 equivalent reﬁ ned platinum ounces a year by 2009. Mototolo is set to reach steady state production by the end of 2007, producing equivalent reﬁ ned platinum production of 130,000 ounces per annum at steady state. In 2006 the company approved capital expenditure totalling $1.6 billion, which included the PPRust North expansion project. Work on this project, which aims to mill an additional 600,000 tonnes of ore per month, producing an additional 230,000 reﬁ ned platinum ounces per annum from 2009, has commenced. Projects that contribute towards maintaining production levels include the Amandelbult 1 shaft optimisation project which was successfully completed during the year, with the 75,000 tonnes per month (tpm) UG2 concentrator being fully commissioned and running at capacity. This concentrator processes UG2 ore as Merensky production declines owing to the depletion of Merensky ore reserves. The Amandelbult East Upper UG2 project which was approved in 2006 will conventionally mine the UG2 reef, using existing mining infrastructure previously employed to extract Merensky reef, at the vertical number 2 shaft and at three decline shafts. The 75,000 tpm UG2 concentrator will be expanded to 210,000 tpm and by 2012 the project will contribute an additional 106,000 ounces of reﬁ ned platinum per annum. The Rustenburg Paardekraal 2 shaft replacement project will access deeper Merensky reserves at a rate of 100,000 tpm. The project is expected to produce 120,000 ounces of reﬁ ned platinum per annum by 2015 replacing decreasing production as a result of reserve depletion. The Townlands Ore Replacement project at a capital cost of $139 million was approved in February 2007 and will replace 70,000 ounces of reﬁ ned platinum per annum by 2014 with production from new Merensky and UG2 areas at the Rustenburg Townlands shaft. Anglo Platinum’s announced expansion programme and ore replacement projects underpin a sustained high level of exploration activities. Exploration is mainly directed at accumulating geological data in areas where PGM orebodies are known to occur and is thus primarily focused on quantifying ore reserves and mineral resources in the Bushveld Complex, as opposed to seeking out unknown mineralisation. Anglo Platinum is involved in exploring for PGMs on the Great Dyke of Zimbabwe. The Great Dyke is the second largest known repository of platinum after the Bushveld Complex. Exploration work is focused on new projects in the area, including the Unki mine, as well as establishing extensions to the resource base for future projects. In addition, Anglo Platinum is involved in exploration activities in Canada, Russia, Brazil and China. 12 | Anglo American plc Annual Report 2006 • De Beers is a global leader in the world diamond industry • Global retail sales continue to rise • De Beers group diamond production surpasses 50 million carats • Upcoming projects will add 3.3 million carats to De Beers’ annual production capacity Diamonds Business overview De Beers is the world’s leading diamond exploration, mining and marketing company. Its expertise extends to all aspects of the diamond pipeline, including prospecting, mining and recovery and, through its marketing arm, the London based Diamond Trading Company (DTC), the sorting, valuing and sale of rough gem diamonds. De Beers produces around 40% by value of total annual global diamond production from its mines in South Africa and through its partnerships with the governments of Botswana, Namibia and Tanzania. Through the DTC, De Beers markets around 45% of the world’s diamonds and has conducted a renowned diamond advertising campaign based on its famous advertising promise, A diamond is forever, for over half a century. De Beers and Moët Hennessy Louis Vuitton have established a high-end retail jewellery joint venture, through De Beers Diamond Jewellers, with stores in the leading malls around the world. Anglo American’s diamond interests are represented by its 45% shareholding in De Beers Investments (DBI). The other shareholders are Central Holdings Limited, an Oppenheimer family holding company (40%), and the Botswana government (15%). DBI is the 100% owner of De Beers sa. De Beers sa has a 50% interest in each of Debswana Diamond Company (Proprietary) Limited and Namdeb Diamond Corporation (Proprietary) Limited, owned jointly with the governments of Botswana and Namibia respectively; a 75% interest in Williamson Diamonds (Tanzania), a 74% interest in De Beers Consolidated Mines Limited (Ponahalo Investments acquired a 26% indirect interest in De Beers Consolidated Mines in April 2006) and owns 100% of the non-South African elements of the DTC. Industry overview and demand drivers The diamond industry can broadly be separated into two markets; one dealing in gem quality rough diamonds, by far the more important of the two, and the other dealing with industrial quality diamonds. Gem grade diamonds are sold for use in jewellery and valued for their size, shape, colour and clarity. Some natural stones are used for industrial purposes such as cutting, drilling and other applications. 95% of diamond material used in industrial applications is synthetic. Roughly 65% of the world’s diamonds by value originate from southern and central Africa, although signiﬁ cant sources of the mineral have been discovered in Canada, Russia and Australia. Approximately 130 million carats of diamonds are mined each year and while the vast majority of natural diamond production by value is gem quality, approximately 70% of mined diamonds by weight are unsuitable for use in jewellery and are destined for industrial use. Strategy and business development From being regarded as the custodian of the diamond industry, De Beers now aims to be the partner of choice. Upstream, the company is developing two new mines in Canada, Snap Lake and Victor, which will enter production in late 2007 and at the end of 2008 respectively, while it is re-opening the long-dormant Voorspoed mine in South Africa and increasing its marine mining operations off that country’s Atlantic coast. Downstream in the pipeline, the DTC continues to successfully address the challenges of driving consumer demand through its sales and marketing strategy; Supplier of Choice. This strategy has effectively restimulated growth in the industry following the stagnation of the mid-late 1990s, resulting in both volume and value gains in diamond demand. Global retail sales are estimated to have exceeded $68 billion in 2006 and were bolstered by an increase in advertising programmes by the DTC’s clients and its downstream trade partners as well as the DTC’s own marketing initiatives. To sustain the success of driving retail demand the DTC continues to develop further consumer understanding on a market-by-market basis. With a global spend of more than $8 million each year on research, it is continuously developing and researching new opportunities that have the potential to stimulate retail growth for diamonds. While developing these new programmes, the DTC executes existing scale marketing programmes which are at present the primary vehicles for stimulating the diamond market to achieve its ambitious growth targets. Increasing industry marketing remains a vital goal if the DTC is to achieve these targets and, while it has been very successful to date, it continues to aim to increase marketing spend at approximately twice the rate of diamond jewellery market growth over the next ﬁ ve year period. Anglo American plc Annual Report 2006 | 13 ANGLO AMERICAN plc ANNUAL REPORT 2006 OPERATING AND FINANCIAL REVIEW | THE BUSINESSES The launch of Value Added Services for clients marks the second phase of Supplier of Choice, focusing on generating proﬁ table value growth for clients in an increasingly competitive environment. The services are based on DTC expertise in selling and marketing gem diamonds, and are designed to enable sightholders to maximise the effectiveness of their businesses. De Beers is conducting exploration activities in Canada within the Northwest Territories, Nunavut, Saskatchewan, Manitoba, Ontario and Quebec. In South America a presence is maintained in Brazil, with an indicator mineral laboratory in Brasilia and a small team to manage existing joint venture agreements and assess other opportunities. Exploration continues in South Africa, Botswana and Zimbabwe. Botswana continues to yield interesting results, particularly in the area surrounding the Orapa mine. Elsewhere in Africa, exploration is taking place in highly prospective parts of Angola, the Democratic Republic of Congo and the Central African Republic. The Partner of Choice strategy has been successful in the region, resulting in a number of joint venture agreements with parastatal agencies and other privately and publicly owned exploration and mining entities. De Beers is steadily increasing its exploration activities within Russia and Ukraine and has signed a Memorandum of Understanding with Alrosa, Russia’s leading diamond producer, which is expected to lead to joint diamond prospecting and exploration activities in Russia. In India, exploration is under way in Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh, Orissa, Madhya Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh and Chattisgarh, with encouraging results. In China, the representative ofﬁ ce in Beijing continues to seek opportunities for partnership and some co-operative activities. Base Metals Business overview Anglo Base Metals has interests in 13 operations in six countries: • six copper operations in Chile – the wholly owned Los Bronces, El Soldado, Mantos Blancos and Mantoverde mines, Chagres smelter and a 44% interest in the Collahuasi mine, producing copper and associated by-products such as molybdenum and silver; the Codemin nickel and Catalão niobium mines in Brazil and the Loma de Níquel mine in Venezuela; the Namakwa mineral sands mine and plants in South Africa produce titanium dioxide, zircon and rutile, together with associated by-products; the Lisheen (in Ireland), Black Mountain and Skorpion (both in southern Africa) zinc mines, producing zinc and associated by-products such as lead, copper and silver. • • • The $1.2 billion 36,000 tonnes per annum (tpa) Barro Alto nickel project in Brazil was approved in December 2006 and will enter production in 2010. Industry overview and demand drivers Annual changes in demand for base metals are reasonably well correlated with changes in industrial production. In general, however, the long term trend is for the intensity of use (consumption of metal per unit of industrial production) to decline. With the exception of nickel, base metals industry ownership is relatively fragmented. The global market shares of the four largest copper, nickel and zinc metal producers are approximately 21%, 50% and 25% respectively. Producers are price takers and there are relatively few opportunities for product differentiation. The industry is highly capital intensive and is likely to become more so as high grade surface deposits are exhausted and deeper and/or lower grade deposits, requiring greater economies of scale in order to be commercially viable, are developed. Real prices of copper, nickel and zinc have declined over the long term, although there have been material and sustained deviations from this trend, most recently and notably in the present uptrend which began in 2004. The decline in prices over a lengthy period reﬂ ects the long term reduction in costs as a result of improvements in technology and lower input costs. Average margins, therefore, have tended to be maintained. In recent years one of the dominant features has been the increased demand for a range of commodities as a result of industrialisation and urbanisation in China and other developing countries. China now comprises an estimated 22%, 18% and 28% of global demand for copper, nickel and zinc respectively and these markets have all beneﬁ ted materially, with several of these commodities reaching their highest price levels for many years in 2006. The inﬂ ow of fund money from both speculative and longer term portfolio investors has served to further exaggerate the upward movement in metal prices. Use of base metals Copper’s principal application is in the wire and cable markets (60%-65%), followed by brass. End users rely on copper’s electrical conductivity, corrosion resistance and thermal conductivity. Applications making use of copper’s electrical conductivity, such as wires, cables and electrical connectors, account for over • One of the world’s leading copper producers, with important nickel and zinc assets • $1.2 billion Barro Alto nickel project gets go-ahead • Signiﬁ cant expansion potential in copper 14 | Anglo American plc Annual Report 2006 50% of total offtake. Corrosion resistance makes up around 20% of demand, with applications in the construction industry including plumbing pipe and roof sheeting. The metal’s thermal conductivity also makes it suitable for use in heat transfer applications such as air conditioning and refrigeration, which make up some 10% of total demand. Remaining applications include structural and aesthetic uses. Around 60% of all refined nickel goes into stainless steel. Other uses include high corrosion-resistant alloys for use in chemical plants, superalloys that can withstand elevated temperatures and which are predominantly used in aviation, high tech electronic uses and as a substitute for chromium plating. Zinc is used predominantly in galvanising and alloys. The electrochemistry of zinc is such that steel coated with zinc (galvanised steel) exhibits high levels of corrosion resistance. This application is responsible for around 60% of total refined demand. Zinc based alloys in die casting, ranging from automotive components to toys and models, account for around 14% of refined demand, with copper based zinc alloys (brass) accounting for 9%. Zinc semis are used as roofing products and in dry cell batteries. Chemical and other applications make up the remainder of refined demand (approximately 10%), where zinc is used in a diverse range of products and applications, including tyres, paints, pharmaceuticals and chemical processing. Mineral sands sale In January 2007 it was announced that black economic empowerment company Exxaro Resources Limited had exercised an option in terms of which it had, subject to satisfaction of conditions precedent and contractual price adjustments, agreed to acquire 100% of Namakwa Sands for $0.3 billion (R2.0 billion) and 26% of each of Black Mountain and Gamsberg for a combined $26 million (R180 million). Black Mountain and Gamsberg will remain subsidiaries of and continue to be managed and operated by Anglo Base Metals. Strategy and business development Anglo Base Metals’ strategy is to find or acquire, develop and operate long life, low cost mines in a socially and environmentally responsible manner, with a strong focus on efficient resource allocation, continuous improvement and capital and operating excellence. Options for growth are constantly being developed and evaluated from a combination of sources, including greenfield and brownfield projects, acquisitions, exploration and technology development. The ability to grow through acquisitions in a value additive manner at this point in the cycle is challenging. However, a combination of exploration success, which has seen the division’s exploration and research and development budgets materially increased, and a strong project pipeline provide material scope for organic growth, including but not limited to: the recently approved $1.2 billion Barro Alto nickel project which will enter production in 2010 and increase existing nickel production by 36,000 tpa by 2011; the Los Bronces expansion project feasibility study, which envisages increasing copper production by 170,000 tpa at a capital cost of approximately $1.2 billion, will be completed during 2007; • • • Collahuasi has the potential to increase sulphide mill throughput from 130,000 tonnes per day (tpd) to 160,000 to 180,000 tpd through a debottlenecking programme, the conceptual study of which will be completed in 2007; the revised feasibility study on the Quellaveco project in Peru, which contemplates an operation producing approximately 200,000 tpa of copper in concentrate at a capital cost of approximately $1.2 billion, will be completed in 2008. • In 2006, Anglo Base Metals spent $53 million on exploration and has increased its exploration around its Chilean copper mines, adding significant resources at Los Bronces. Exploration to the south of Los Bronces continues to report significant intervals of copper mineralisation. In Brazil, further drilling at the Jacaré nickel discovery has indicated the potential for a major new nickel asset for the company, while work continues in the Philippines to complete a pre-feasibility study at Boyongan by the end of 2007. At Gamsberg, South Africa, initial drilling of several key zinc targets has provided encouraging results. Copper exploration is being undertaken in Brazil, Chile, Indonesia, Mexico, Peru and the US. Nickel sulphide mineralisation is being sought in Arctic Canada, Russia and Scandinavia (through alliances) and zinc programmes continue in Australia, South Africa and Namibia. Anglo American plc Annual Report 2006 | 15 Anglo AmericAn plc AnnuAl RePORT 2006 operAting And finAnciAl review | THe BuSIneSSeS • Further progress in optimising the asset base: formation of Kumba Iron Ore as a pure-play iron ore company • Kumba Iron Ore has a $754 million expansion programme to boost production by 40% by 2009 • Record iron ore production • Scaw makes record operating profit of $160 million Ferrous Metals and Industries Anglo Ferrous Metals and Industries principally comprises iron ore, carbon steel, manganese and vanadium operations in South Africa, manganese operations in Australia and grinding media operations in north America, South America and Australia. In Canada, steel and value added steel products are manufactured. Business overview Kumba iron ore – 64% holding Kumba Iron Ore was born from the unbundling of Kumba Resources, through which exxaro, South Africa’s largest empowered mining group, was also created. Kumba Iron Ore, which listed on the Johannesburg Stock exchange on 20 november 2006, offers investors exposure to a pure-play iron ore company. Kumba Iron Ore is the world’s fourth largest supplier of seaborne iron ore, and exported over 70% of its 31 million tonnes per annum (Mtpa) production in 2006. Kumba Iron Ore supplies approximately 30 global customers, mainly in europe and Asia. The group, through its subsidiary Sishen Iron Ore Company (Pty) ltd (SIOC), currently operates two mines in South Africa – Sishen in the northern Cape, which achieved a record production of 29 Mtpa in 2006, and Thabazimbi, in limpopo, which produced 2 Mtpa in 2006. Kumba Iron Ore consolidates 80% of SIOC and, as a result of its 64% shareholding in Kumba Iron Ore, Anglo American consolidates an effective 51% in SIOC. Scaw – 100% holding Scaw Metals is an international group, manufacturing a diverse range of steel products. Its principal operations are located in South Africa as well as north and South America. Scaw produces rolled steel products (bar, wire rod and sections), steel and high chromium white iron castings, cast high chromium and forged steel grinding media, plain carbon and low alloy steel chain and fittings, steel wire rope, synthetic and natural fibre rope and pre-stressed concrete wire and strand. Scaw products serve the construction, railway, power generation, mining, cement, marine and offshore oil industries worldwide. Most of the South African operations are based in or close to Germiston, 20 kilometres east of Johannesburg. Scaw’s international grinding media business, Moly-Cop, is headquartered in Chile, with operations in Mexico, the Philippines, Australia, Canada, Italy, Zambia and Zimbabwe. AltaSteel, a manufacturer of steel and value- added steel products in Canada, was acquired by Scaw in February 2006. Samancor – 40% holding Samancor is the world’s largest integrated producer by sales of manganese ore and alloys. Anglo American has a 40% shareholding in Samancor, with BHP Billiton holding the remaining 60% and having management control. Samancor’s business encompasses the production of manganese ores and alloys. The company supplies its worldwide customer base with commodities produced by its various mines and plants, which are situated in South Africa and Australia. Samancor owns Australian manganese operations consisting of Groote eylandt Mining Company Proprietary limited and Tasmanian electro Metallurgical Company Proprietary limited. Highveld Steel and vanadium – 29% holding Highveld is a Johannesburg Stock exchange listed company producing vanadium products, steel, ferroalloys and carbonaceous products, with its main operations situated in Witbank, South Africa. It is the largest vanadium producer in the world. In addition, its steelworks have a current annual rated capacity of 1 Mtpa, consisting of billets, blocks and slabs. Ore for the steelworks and Vanchem, Highveld’s main vanadium operation, is sourced from Highveld’s Mapochs mine near Roossenekal in Mpumalanga, South Africa. Hochvanadium is a wholly owned subsidiary, based in Austria, which processes and sells vanadium products. Transalloys and Highveld’s Rand Carbide operate as divisions of Highveld, producing manganese alloys and carbonaceous products respectively. tongaat-Hulett – 50% holding Tongaat-Hulett is listed on the Johannesburg Stock exchange. It comprises Hulett Aluminium (Hulamin) and the Tongaat-Hulett agri-processing business which includes the essentially integrated components of land management, agriculture and property development. Tongaat-Hulett is the second largest cane sugar producer in southern Africa, with operations in South Africa, Zimbabwe, Mozambique and Swaziland. The starch and glucose operations, based in Gauteng and Cape Town, South Africa, are the largest in southern Africa. Moreland, which converts Tongaat-Hulett’s agricultural land to property developments at the appropriate time, is the premier land developer on the prime coastal strip north of Durban, South Africa. Hulamin, based in KwaZulu-natal, South Africa, is an independent niche producer of aluminium rolled, extruded and other semi-fabricated and finished products. 16 | Anglo American plc Annual Report 2006 Industry overview and demand drivers Steel The most widely used of all metals, steel is used in the construction of buildings, bridges, machinery, vehicles and many household appliances. World crude steel production increased by 9% in 2006, to reach a total of 1.2 billion tonnes. China accounted for most of the increase, with its share of world total production rising to 34% in 2006. The coming year again promises to be a year of strong steel production growth with global world output in 2007 forecast to rise by over 6%. Further out, global steel growth rates are forecast to average 4.4% between 2007 and 2010, with world steel production set to increase by almost 300 million tonnes between 2005 and 2010, to reach a total of 1.4 billion tonnes. Global steel prices peaked in mid-2006 but tailed off by the end of 2006 largely due to a US stock overhang. Iron ore Global demand for iron ore in 2006 increased year on year by 15% to 1.7 billion tonnes. It is expected to remain strong over the next two decades, with steady growth projected to 2020, particularly in the seaborne market. This growth will be fuelled by the continuing development of the steel industry in China, which is expected to exceed 50% of total iron ore demand by 2007 (up from 42% in 2005). Further steel growth in the former Soviet Union and South America, in the short term, and India and other developing markets in the longer term, contributes to this positive picture. Short to medium term scrap shortages should ensure that iron ore demand growth is higher than steel production growth for at least the next ten years. Iron ore supply is continuing to ramp up as major global producers bring capacity on line. A further benchmark annual price increase of 9.5% has been achieved by major producers, effective 1 April 2007, after increases of 71.5% in 2005 and 19% in 2006. Unit cost containment remains a major issue for commodity producers and Kumba Iron Ore has been no exception, experiencing signiﬁ cant cost pressures in 2006, with higher fuel, labour and project-linked operating costs as well as increases in stripping and maintenance related activities. Manganese Manganese ore is smelted to produce manganese ferroalloys (such as ferromanganese and silicomanganese). Manganese is not recycled and, since only very small amounts are present in ﬁ nished steel, steel scrap recycling does not signiﬁ cantly impact on manganese demand. World consumption of manganese ore rose by 10% in 2006, having dropped marginally in 2005. As around 91% of ore is consumed in ferroalloy production, the performance of the manganese alloy industry is the key determinant for ore demand. Demand for manganese ore is generally robust, driven by steel production increases in China and strong steel production in other market areas. While generally the market remains oversupplied, the situation has improved from 2005 with some marginal suppliers pulling out of the market. Ore prices are expected to show gradual improvements from those seen in 2006. The manganese alloy market remains regionally different, but in general the global market remains well balanced for the ﬁ rst half of 2007. The outlook for prices remains unclear owing to a combination of factors such as anti-dumping cases in Europe, a further rise in Chinese duties and general capacity availability, although the effect of these changes plus strong steel demand and increasing energy costs are expected to be generally positive for alloy prices. Vanadium Most vanadium produced is consumed in alloy form in the production of carbon and alloyed steel. Other uses for vanadium are as an alloying agent in titanium-aluminium alloys, principally used in the aerospace industry, and as a chemical for catalysts and pigments. Demand for vanadium depends largely on world steel production. Important vanadium suppliers include South Africa, China and Russia. Vanadium prices in 2006 were off the record levels seen in 2005, with Highveld achieving an average ferrovanadium price of $39/kgV in 2006, compared with the 2005 average of $66/kgV. The vanadium market in 2007 is expected to remain similar to that seen in 2006. Strategy and business development The core strategy of the business remains that of growing Anglo American’s position in iron ore with a view to consolidating it as the cornerstone of the reconﬁ gured Ferrous Metals portfolio. Kumba Iron Ore has extensive brownﬁ eld and greenﬁ eld opportunities to expand its iron ore production to 45 Mtpa by 2009 and to over 70 Mtpa by 2015. After completion of the detailed feasibility study for the 10 Mtpa Sishen Expansion Project in late 2004, an investment decision on this project was made in February 2005. In August 2006, this project was expanded to 13 Mtpa. Production is anticipated to commence by mid-2007, ramping up to full capacity by the beginning of 2009. 8297_AA_Rep_1-51_280207.indd Sec1:17 8297_AA_Rep_1-51_280207.indd Sec1:17 13/3/07 20:34:29 13/3/07 20:34:29 Anglo American plc Annual Report 2006 | 17 Anglo AmericAn plc AnnuAl RePORT 2006 operAting And finAnciAl review | THe BuSIneSSeS A pre-feasibility study on a further expansion at Sishen mine of between 10 and 20 Mtpa is currently under way and will be completed by mid-2007. This study evaluates the potential to increase utilisation of the lower grade resources at Sishen mine. Depending on the outcome of the pre-feasibility study, a commitment towards the execution of a detailed feasibility study is expected in 2007. The Sishen South Project involves the development of a new opencast operation near the town of Postmasburg, approximately 70 kilometres south of Sishen mine. The 9 Mtpa Sishen South Project will produce a range of products similar to the Sishen expansion Project. An investment decision on this project is expected to be made during 2007. Tongaat-Hulett is proceeding with a $158 million expansion of its sugar production and cane growing activities in Mozambique at its Xinavane and Mafambisse sugar mills. Hulamin is currently undertaking a $120 million expansion to increase its rolled products capacity by 20% to 250,000 tpa, focusing on high margin products. In line with the strategy of optimising the division’s asset base, further progress was made during 2006. In July, Anglo American announced the sale of its 79% shareholding in Highveld Steel to evraz, an international steel producer, and Credit Suisse, for a total aggregate consideration of $678 million. Following the disposal of the initial 49.8%, for which Anglo American received $412 million, evraz has an option to acquire Anglo American’s remaining 29.2% stake in Highveld Steel for $266 million once regulatory approvals are received. This amount will be reduced by any dividends paid by Highveld Steel prior to Anglo American selling its remaining shares. The deal represents a substantial foreign direct investment in South Africa. In november, the Kumba empowerment transaction was completed. This resulted in the listings on the Johannesburg Stock exchange of Kumba Iron Ore, as a pure-play iron ore company in which Anglo American holds 64%, and exxaro, which became South Africa’s largest black economic empowered natural resources company. In December, Tongaat-Hulett announced the proposed unbundling and listing of Hulamin, and simultaneous introduction of broad based black economic empowerment (BBBee) into both companies. This transaction, which is anticipated to take place by mid-2007, will result in BBBee groups acquiring 25% and 15% interests in Tongaat-Hulett and Hulamin respectively. Anglo American’s shareholding in Tongaat-Hulett will reduce from 50% to 38% and its shareholding in Hulamin will reduce from an effective 45% to 39%. In line with Anglo American’s objective of consolidating its agri-processing businesses within Tongaat-Hulett, it was announced in December that Tongaat-Hulett had acquired Anglo American’s 50% shareholding in the Zimbabwe Stock exchange listed sugar producer, Hippo Valley estates, for $36 million. Coal Business overview Anglo Coal is the world’s sixth largest private sector coal producer and a major exporter. In 2006, Anglo Coal produced 96 million tonnes (mt) from three geographic regions: South Africa, Australia and South America. In South Africa, Anglo Coal owns and operates eight mines and has a 50% interest in Mafube mine, a joint venture with eyesizwe. Four mines are trade mines in the Witbank coalfield which supply approximately 20 million tonnes per annum (Mtpa) of low ash metallurgical and thermal coals to the export and local markets. Coal is exported through Richards Bay Coal Terminal, in which Anglo Coal has a 27% interest. Anglo Coal’s new Vaal, new Denmark and Kriel mines supply around 35 Mpta of thermal coal to eskom, the South African state owned electric power utility. Its coal supply contracts with eskom cover the delivery of tonnages and qualities, generally for the expected life of the relevant power station. The eskom power stations are mine mouth facilities, and coal is transported a short distance from the mine by conveyor to the power station’s stockpiles. Anglo Coal’s Isibonelo mine produces some 5 Mtpa for Sasol Synthetic Fuels under a 21 year supply contract. In Australia, Anglo Coal has one wholly owned mine and has controlling interest in another four. The mines are located in Queensland and new South Wales and produce approximately 25 Mtpa. Anglo Coal also owns an effective 23% interest in the Jellinbah mine in Queensland. The mines produce high quality coking • New capital expenditure projects in Australia: Dawson project ($835 million) set to come on stream in late 2007 and Lake Lindsay ($516 million) in 2008 • Cerrejón is ramping up to 32 Mtpa, with full production scheduled for 2008 • Market remains strong for thermal coal 18 | Anglo American plc Annual Report 2006 coal used for steel production, and export and domestic thermal coal used for power generation and industrial applications. The company is the fourth largest producer of coal in Australia and also has signiﬁ cant undeveloped coal reserves. At Dawson mine, expansion of the mine to increase attributable production by 5.7 Mtpa is under way with completion expected in 2007, while at Capcoal, the Lake Lindsay development is progressing with estimated completion during the second half of 2008. The additional production from both Dawson and Lake Lindsay will increase Anglo Coal’s metallurgical coal production to approximately 16 Mtpa. Key future development prospects are Grosvenor and Moranbah South in Queensland and Dartbrook and Saddlers Creek in New South Wales. In South America, Anglo Coal has a 33% shareholding in Cerrejón Coal, which produces approximately 28 Mtpa, with approved expansion plans to increase production to 32 Mtpa. Cerrejón primarily produces thermal coal which is exported to Europe and the Americas. In addition, Anglo Coal has a 25% interest in Carbones del Guasare (CDG) which owns and operates the Paso Diablo mine in the state of Zulia, in northern Venezuela. CDG produces around 6.2 Mtpa. Industry overview and demand drivers Coal is the most abundant source of fossil fuel energy in the world, considerably exceeding known reserves of oil and gas. The bulk of coal produced worldwide is thermal coal used for power generation where it competes with oil, gas, nuclear and hydro generation. Thermal coal is also supplied as a fuel to other industries such as the cement sector. Metallurgical coal is a key raw material for 70% of the world’s steel industry. Approximately 5 billion tonnes of hard coal is produced globally each year and the majority of this is used in the country of production. A small volume is traded across land borders such as those between the US and Canada or between the former Soviet Union countries. The international seaborne coal market comprises some 0.7 billion tonnes. The thermal coal component in this sector comprises some 0.5 billion tonnes and the metallurgical component some 0.2 billion tonnes. Metallurgical coal is primarily used in the steelmaking industry and includes hard coking coal, semi-soft coking coal and pulverised coal injection (PCI) coal. Metallurgical coal is produced in a relatively limited number of countries. The chemical composition of the coal is fundamental to the steel producers’ raw material mix and product quality. The market for this coal is generally characterised by large volume, longer term, annually priced contracts. Demand in this sector is fundamentally driven by economic, industrial and steel demand growth, but the Med-Atlantic and Indo-Paciﬁ c markets have their own particular supply and demand proﬁ les. Price negotiations between Australian suppliers and Japanese steel producers generally, but not always, set the trend that inﬂ uences settlements throughout the market. Anglo Coal is a signiﬁ cant supplier to virtually all the major steel producing groups in the world. Thermal coal is primarily used for power generation, although the cement industry is an important secondary source of demand. The thermal coal market is supplied by a larger number of countries and producers than the metallurgical coal market, spread across the world. Production companies vary in size and operate in a highly competitive market. Demand for thermal coal is driven by demand for electricity and is also affected by the availability and price of competing fuels such as oil and gas, as well as nuclear power. Driven by the deregulation of the electricity markets, customers focus increasingly on securing the lowest cost fuel supply at any particular point in time. This has resulted in a move away from longer term contracts towards short term contracts, spot pricing, the development of various price indices, hedging and derivative instruments. Anglo Coal exports thermal coal from South Africa, South America and Australia to customers throughout the Med-Atlantic and Indo-Paciﬁ c markets. The balance of Anglo Coal’s production is sold domestically in Australia and South Africa. In South Africa a large portion of domestic sales are made to the domestic power utility, Eskom, on long term (i.e. life of mine) cost-plus contracts. Sales also take place to domestic industrial sector consumers. In Australia, domestic sales are predominantly to power utilities under long and shorter term contractual arrangements. Anglo American plc Annual Report 2006 | 19 ANGLO AMERICAN plc ANNUAL REPORT 2006 OPERATING AND FINANCIAL REVIEW | THE BUSINESSES Strategy and business development Anglo Coal’s strategy is focused on globalisation to secure a balanced and proﬁ table mix of metallurgical and thermal coal assets, supplying international markets in the Med-Atlantic and Indo-Paciﬁ c basins and, where appropriate, selected customers in the country in which the production takes place. This will be achieved via the expansion of existing assets, acquisition of new assets and by strategic alliances that facilitate, protect and augment the above strategy. While Anglo Coal continues to grow and expand its operations in its existing geographies, it is looking at potential opportunities in new regions, such as China, Indonesia, the US and Canada. In South Africa, Anglo American has approved the $132 million development of the Mafube mine. The Mafube mine will supply coal to Eskom, the local power utility, and to the export market. It is anticipated that the mine will increase thermal coal production by a total of 5 Mtpa, atributable share being 2.5 Mtpa. The current and forecast growth rates in the South African economy present numerous opportunities for the coal industry, especially in connection with the supply and demand of electricity. Anglo Coal is evaluating a number of opportunities in order to continue to participate in the domestic electricity supply sector and is currently reviewing these opportunities with potential historically disadvantaged South African partners and Eskom. In Australia, the focus is on delivery of the expansion of Dawson Complex in 2007 and the development of Lake Lindsay in 2008. In addition to the current developments, Anglo Coal is reviewing a number of studies for Moranbah South, Grosvenor, Dartbrook and Saddlers Creek. In Colombia, the approved expansion at Cerrejón from 28 to 32 Mtpa is on schedule and should be achieved in 2008. Feasibility studies are currently under way reviewing possibilities of expanding the Cerrejón operation beyond 32 Mtpa. Anglo Coal has recently established a 60% interest in Peace River Coal, consisting of one operating metallurgical coal mine and signiﬁ cant coal resources in western Canada. Peace River Coal is expected to produce approximately 2.0 Mtpa in 2007. In China, Anglo Coal has a 60% interest in the Xiwan open cut coal lease area mine where the feasibility of developing the mine with downstream partners is under evaluation. The impact of climate change continues to be a focus area and Anglo Coal’s strategy is to participate where appropriate to help address the issue of carbon emissions and climate change as the demand for energy continues to grow. To this end, Anglo Coal formed an alliance with Shell to further advance the Monash Energy clean coal-to-liquids project in the state of Victoria, Australia. The Monash Energy project will involve the gasiﬁ cation – via Shell’s proprietary coal gasiﬁ cation process – of Anglo Coal’s brown coal from Victoria’s Latrobe Valley for further conversion into clean transportation fuels, including virtually zero sulphur, synthetic diesel using Shell’s proprietary gas-to-liquids technology. In addition to the Monash Energy project, Anglo Coal is also a member of The FutureGen Industrial Alliance, a body consisting of major energy and mining companies, who will partner with the US Department of Energy to design, construct, and operate the world’s ﬁ rst ‘near zero’ emissions coal-fuelled power generation plant. Anglo Coal is a member of the World Coal Institute and in this capacity contributes to promoting the interests and addressing the concerns of the wider coal industry. Anglo Coal has spent $24 million in continuing to investigate resources for thermal and coking coal, coal bed methane and oil sands, mainly looking in southern Africa, China and Australia. It has conducted advanced resource evaluations of the Xiwan project in China and projects in Canada and Australia. In February 2007, Anglo Coal announced the creation of Anglo Inyosi Coal, an empowered coal company housing key current and future domestic and export focused coal operations. Anglo Coal has signed a Heads of Agreement with Inyosi, a newly formed broad based black economic empowerment company. Inyosi will acquire 27% of Anglo Inyosi Coal, creating a company valued at R7 billion and incorporating several key Anglo Coal assets; namely Kriel Colliery an existing mine, and Elders, Zondagsfontein, New Largo and Heidelberg projects. 20 | Anglo American plc Annual Report 2006 • Completion of strategic review facilitates continuous improvement both operationally and commercially • Tarmac acquires assets in Turkey and Romania for ﬁ rst time • Work under way on Tarmac’s largest ever contract – resurfacing a stretch of England’s M1 motorway Industrial Minerals Business overview Anglo Industrial Minerals (AIM) has two businesses – Tarmac and Copebrás. Tarmac is a leader in the construction materials business in the UK and also has operations in continental Europe and the Middle East. It is principally involved in the production of crushed rock, sand and gravel, asphalt, concrete and mortar, concrete products, lime and cement. Copebrás is a leading Brazilian producer of phosphate fertilisers, phosphoric acid and sodium tripolyphosphate (STPP). Tarmac Tarmac accounts for around 90% of AIM’s business and is well positioned with a long life asset and reserve base. It is the UK market leader in aggregates, asphalt and mortar and is the second largest in ready-mixed concrete. Tarmac’s UK organisation comprises two business units: Aggregate Products and Building Products. These units are supported by a shared service centre based in Wolverhampton, in central England. Aggregate Products comprises aggregates, asphalt, contracting, recycling and ready-mixed concrete. The organisation is based on seven geographical areas, enabling greater local customer focus. Building Products comprises those businesses that have essentially national markets. These include cement, lime, mortar and concrete products. Tarmac’s International Business is a combination of seven different businesses operating in 11 countries, with a centralised management team in Frankfurt. Tarmac is a leading producer of hard rock, sand and gravel and concrete products in the countries in which it operates in central Europe, and of ready-mixed concrete in the Madrid and Alicante areas of Spain. In France and Poland, it has important and growing shares of the concrete products markets. Tarmac has recently entered Turkey and acquired a developing business in Romania, involving interests in quarries and ready-mixed concrete. Products Sand and gravel Used mostly in the production of ready-mixed concrete, sand and gravel are also used for ﬁ lls and drainage. Extracted from pits and dredged from coastal waters, materials are washed and graded prior to use. Crushed rock Crushed rock is predominantly used for road construction (where it is used both as a foundation and, when heated and mixed with bitumen, as a surfacing material), other foundations, drainage, railway ballast and concrete products. Extraction is generally from open pits, by drilling and blasting followed by various crushing and screening processes to achieve speciﬁ cations appropriate to the ultimate end use. Crushed rock may also be used in ready-mixed concrete. Ready-mixed concrete Manufactured at production units located close to its market, ready-mixed concrete consists of sand, gravel, crushed rock, water, cement, cement replacements and other components dependent upon the performance required from the resultant mix. Ready-mixed concrete is transported to site in specialist truck mixers designed to thoroughly mix the material during transit. Mortar and screeds Mortar and screeds consist of sand, cement, and various admixtures dependent on application and performance requirements. Mortar is predominantly used for masonry applications such as bricklaying and will often contain lime to improve working properties. Levelling screeds and self-smoothing ﬂ owing screeds are generally used to prepare ﬂ oors to receive ﬁ nal surfaces. Asphalt Manufactured by coating graded, crushed rock with bitumen, asphalt is the main product used for surfacing roads. Applied hot or cold to road foundations, asphalt is either supplied to site or collected by contractors from strategically located plants. Anglo American plc Annual Report 2006 | 21 ANGLO AMERICAN plc ANNUAL REPORT 2006 OPERATING AND FINANCIAL REVIEW | THE BUSINESSES Concrete products Utilising extracted materials, the concrete products sector provides the construction industry with a variety of prefabricated products, including blocks for walling, pre-stressed structural ﬂ ooring and engineered precast elements. Lime and cement Using similar production processes, lime and cement are added value materials used widely within construction. Lime is also an important product in the agricultural, environmental and industrial sectors. Copebrás Copebrás’ principal products are phosphoric acid, a range of phosphate based fertilisers and STPP. Phosphoric acid is the raw material for the manufacture of phosphate fertilisers and STPP. Phosphate fertilisers are used to supplement natural soil nutrients to achieve high agricultural yields. STPP is used in water treatment and the manufacture of detergents, paints and ceramics. Industry overview and demand drivers The aggregates, asphalt and ready-mix markets in which Tarmac participates in the UK are heavily consolidated, with the top ﬁ ve players controlling over 70% of each market. The cement market too is highly consolidated, with the leading ﬁ ve companies accounting for nearly 90% of the market. The main aggregates players also compete, to a greater or lesser extent, in the concrete products market, which is more fragmented. A highly competitive marketplace, coupled with weak demand, resulted in the construction industry experiencing difﬁ cult market conditions over the past few years. Market conditions in the UK are expected to remain challenging with weak demand in some sectors, including roads and housing. The volatility of energy prices and the impact on cement and distribution costs will also continue to affect the industry. Tighter planning regimes are likely to lead to current holdings of consented mineral reserves becoming more valuable over time. Strategy and business development Tarmac’s strategy is to maximise shareholder value by exploiting its core competitive advantage of maintaining reserves in established territories and continuing acquisitive and organic growth in selected territories. It will focus on the UK and Europe, with increasing emphasis on central and eastern Europe, where it can develop businesses of scale; it will concentrate on aggregates and downstream activities where the latter provide routes to market for aggregates. The company will continue to focus on the active management of its portfolio to optimise its returns to shareholders. During 2005, Tarmac was restructured to deliver improved and sustainable ﬁ nancial performance by creating an effective, efﬁ cient and enterprising organisation that is reliable, straightforward, understanding and responsive in its relationships with customers. Tarmac continues to seek opportunities to add further value to its business. Several programmes are under way across the UK and international businesses, which will deliver improvements in business performance and lay the foundations of a culture of continuous improvement in all businesses. Speciﬁ c strategies are: to become the supplier of choice across Tarmac’s full product range and through its various routes to market; to continue to develop innovative product and service solutions to differentiate it from competitors; • • • strategic sourcing that is targeted to produce annual savings through economies of scale in company • capital expenditure to reduce cost and improve productivity. wide procurement; 22 | Anglo American plc Annual Report 2006 Gold Business overview AngloGold Ashanti is one of the world’s largest gold producers, with production of 5.64 million ounces of gold in 2006 and has extensive reserves and resources. The company draws its production from four continents. Its operations comprise open pit and underground mines and surface reclamation plants in Argentina, Australia, Brazil, Ghana, Guinea, Mali, Namibia, South Africa, Tanzania and the US, and employs approximately 61,000 people around the globe. • Strategic alliances established in Russia and are being pursued in China • Continuing investor interest in gold AngloGold Ashanti continues to enhance the value of the company through organic growth. The company currently has several major capital projects in development that will be coming into production over the next few years and currently has an extensive exploration programme in 15 countries. The company has seven underground operations in South Africa, nine operations in East and West Africa, an open pit operation in North America, three South American operations (one open pit, two underground) and one open pit operation in Australia. The Boddington Expansion Project in Australia was approved by the AngloGold Ashanti board in January 2006. Production is scheduled to commence during the third quarter of 2008. AngloGold Ashanti also continues to build on its strategy of seeking out partnerships with junior exploration and mining companies in regions outside the world’s mainstream mining areas. In these partnerships, the company, when possible, seeks to retain the right to convert its minority stakes into majority holdings if and when a project reveals the potential to become a large deposit. Over the past year the company has diversiﬁ ed in this way into regions such as Laos, China, the Philippines and Alaska. AngloGold Ashanti also focuses on developing the market for its product. Through its international gold marketing initiatives on its own, and in collaboration with organisations such as the World Gold Council, it is able to take advantage of downstream opportunities for potential value capture and help to ensure a healthy customer base. Industry overview and demand drivers Gold is used primarily for fabrication and bullion investment and is traded on a worldwide basis. Fabricated gold has a variety of uses, including jewellery, electronics, dentistry, decorations, medals and ofﬁ cial coins. Central banks, ﬁ nancial institutions and private individuals buy, sell and hold gold bullion as an investment and as a store of value. Apart from gold’s status as the ‘ultimate store of value’ (estimates are that the world’s central banks hold approximately 33,000 tonnes), the overwhelming use for gold is in jewellery. On average, over the past decade, demand for gold from the jewellery industry has consistently outstripped newly mined supply. Strategy and business development AngloGold Ashanti’s strategic objectives are to drive down costs, lower mining and geopolitical risk by diversiﬁ cation and invest directly in, or partner in, downstream retail operations. Its value adding growth strategy will remain a core focus and the company will continue to look for additional opportunities to grow its business organically, through focused exploration and a disciplined approach to opportunistic asset acquisitions and mergers and acquisitions, not least in new regions such as Russia, Laos, the Philippines, China and countries in South America such as Colombia. AngloGold Ashanti is changing from being solely a gold mining company to one that is able to add value at several stages of a supply chain from the geologist’s search for a deposit through to the consumer. The company is committed to developing the market for gold. Its marketing programme aims to increase the desirability of its product, to sustain and grow demand, and to support the deregulation of the market in key economies. During 2006, AngloGold Ashanti spent some $16 million on gold marketing initiatives, of which the majority was spent through the World Gold Council. Gold marketing expenditure by AngloGold Ashanti in 2005 and 2004 amounted to $13 million and $15 million, respectively. Independently of its support for the World Gold Council, AngloGold Ashanti is active in a number of other marketing projects that support gold. It remains the only gold company in the world to have committed this level of resource to the marketing of the metal it produces. AngloGold Ashanti holds a 25% stake in OroAfrica, the largest manufacturer of gold jewellery in South Africa, as an investment in the downstream beneﬁ ciation of gold in South Africa. AngloGold Ashanti and OroAfrica have co-operated in a number of projects, including OroAfrica’s development and launch of an African gold jewellery brand. An important strategic step has been the establishment of a Jewellery Design Centre at OroAfrica at a cost of $250,000. The purpose of the centre is to improve product standards through technology, design and innovation. Anglo American plc Annual Report 2006 | 23 ANGLO AMERICAN plc ANNUAL REPORT 2006 OPERATING AND FINANCIAL REVIEW | THE BUSINESSES AngloGold Ashanti and Mintek, South Africa’s national metallurgical research organisation, launched Project AuTEK in 2002 to research and develop industrial applications for gold. Project AuTEK has developed a gold based catalyst for the oxidation of carbon monoxide at ambient temperatures. Mintek has carried out pilot scale catalyst production tests. Negotiations for the commercial production of the catalyst have commenced. The company is now looking outside of the world’s mature gold regions and has exploration projects in Africa in the Democratic Republic of Congo and in South America in Colombia. In Russia, AngloGold Ashanti has announced the formation of a strategic alliance with Polymetal. Strategic alliances are being pursued in China to allow the company to successfully extract value from a region undergoing signiﬁ cant regulatory change. Exploration partnerships in the Philippines and Laos have resulted in land positions being acquired in several prospective areas. Paper and Packaging • Agreement in principle reached for Mondi to become a Dual Listed Company Structure, with listings in London and Johannesburg • First phase of modernisation programme at Syktyvkar in Russia under consideration • $365 million capital expenditure in Poland or the Czech Republic being considered Business overview Mondi is an integrated paper and packaging business with revenue of $7.5 billion in 2006. Its key operations and interests are in western Europe, emerging Europe and South Africa and it is principally involved in the manufacture of packaging paper, converted packaging products (including corrugated packaging, bags and ﬂ exible packaging) and ofﬁ ce paper. In addition, it has merchant operations which focus on Austria and emerging Europe and newsprint operations in South Africa, the UK and Russia. Mondi is integrated across the paper and packaging production process, from the growing of wood for pulp production and the manufacture of pulp and paper, to the conversion of packaging papers into corrugated packaging and industrial bags. Mondi has production operations in around 115 locations across 35 countries, employing around 34,000 employees worldwide as at 31 December 2006. Industry overview and demand drivers Mondi operates in the following broad industry sectors: • • the packaging sector, which includes packaging paper, paper based packaging (primarily corrugated boxes, industrial bags and folding cartons) and non-paper based packaging made from materials including metal, glass, rigid plastics and ﬂ exible plastics; and the graphic paper sector, which includes uncoated woodfree paper, uncoated mechanical paper, coated woodfree paper, coated mechanical paper and newsprint. Within the packaging sector, Mondi primarily competes in the global paper based packaging value chain. In the graphic paper sector, Mondi primarily competes in the global uncoated woodfree paper value chain, with a presence in selected geographic markets in newsprint. Prices for Mondi’s products are affected by changes in capacity and production and by demand for its products which is inﬂ uenced by general economic conditions, changes in consumer preferences and inventory levels maintained by its customers. Changes in these factors have, in the past, resulted in signiﬁ cant ﬂ uctuations in the prices for Mondi’s products and can be expected to have a similar effect in the future. The industry is currently undergoing broad rationalisation, with many of the large players having announced signiﬁ cant capacity closures, restructuring measures and cost saving programmes. Strategy and business development The strategic focus of Mondi is to add value through sustainable proﬁ t growth over the course of the paper cycle. In existing operations, the focus is on maintaining and developing its cost advantages over its major competitors and achieving growth through a combination of its various business excellence initiatives and selected capital expenditures focused around low-cost assets in emerging markets. A disciplined acquisition programme is intended to supplement this organic growth, with the focus on targets offering clear market and/or operations synergies with Mondi’s existing business. Mondi continued to strengthen its global position within the paper and packaging industry in 2006 with focused acquisitions, the more signiﬁ cant being Akrosil (release liner), Stambolijski (kraft paper and bags) and Schleipen & Erkens (release liner). Management closely monitors the existing asset base, and in 2006 took the decision to close or divest various underperforming assets, particularly within the corrugated packaging business. 24 | Anglo American plc Annual Report 2006 • $1.6 billion has been realised through the disposal of non- core assets in 2006 • Mondi demerger planned for mid-2007 • Phased exit of the AngloGold Ashanti holding Business focus Anglo American’s strategy has been to become a more focused mining group, in the process simplifying its structure and enhancing returns Strategic focus In order to achieve its strategy, Anglo American has undertaken a major restructuring of its asset base. Over the past seven years, disposals of non-core businesses have totalled $11.8 billion and acquisitions amounted to $15.7 billion. Following implementation of the restructuring programme, Anglo American will be focused around six commodity groups: platinum, diamonds, base metals, coal, ferrous metals and industrial minerals. As a more focused, cohesive group, further cost savings and synergies as well as technology and knowledge sharing will be key priorities. Platinum is one of the main differentiators of the Group. With platinum group metals enjoying an unparalleled and expanding range of applications, and the prospect of buoyant demand for years to come, Anglo Platinum, will continue to be a major part of the Group’s mining portfolio. The steady increase of Anglo Platinum’s production over the last decade is testament to the major role Anglo Platinum will play in the Group’s future. De Beers, like Anglo Platinum, is a world leader in its ﬁ eld. It has a market share of some 40% of rough diamond production and is bringing on stream two new mines in Canada and one in South Africa over the next two years to augment its overall output. In little over a decade, Anglo Coal has become a leading producer and exporter, supplying coal from three continents. In partnership with a number of major energy companies, Anglo Coal is examining the feasibility of producing downstream products such as gas and synthetic fuels on a commercial scale and is gradually moving from being a pure coal supplier to becoming a broader player in the energy ﬁ eld. Anglo American is consolidating its position as a major copper producer, with several expansions under way or at the feasibility stage. With Anglo Platinum’s nickel production set to rise signiﬁ cantly, combined with Anglo Base Metals’ Barro Alto nickel project, the Group is set to become a signiﬁ cant nickel producer with around 100,000 tpa in 2012. Kumba Iron Ore is becoming a major force in the consolidated iron ore industry, with current expansions that will boost production by around 40% to 45 Mtpa, with further potential to raise this to over 70 Mtpa by 2015. Following an extensive review, Tarmac has restructured in the UK and reduced its downstream activities. Tarmac has sold a number of small underperforming businesses in western Europe and is focusing on the growth markets of eastern Europe. It is aiming to make a $50 million structural proﬁ t improvement over the next three years. In terms of the restructuring, Anglo American has sold $1 billion of its stake in AngloGold Ashanti, reducing its shareholding from 51% to 42%. We will continue to explore all available options to exit AngloGold Ashanti in an orderly manner. Regarding Mondi, plans for a full demerger are progressing. Approval in principle has been received from the regulatory authorities in South Africa for a Dual Listed Company Structure with primary listings in Johannesburg and London. In 2006, the ﬁ rst tranche of Anglo American’s 79% shareholding in Highveld Steel was sold to Evraz and Credit Suisse. In November, Kumba was restructured. Anglo American now owns 64% in pure-play iron ore company Kumba Iron Ore. The unbundling of Tongaat-Hulett’s aluminium business to shareholders and simultaneous introduction of broad based BEE into both Tongaat-Hulett and Hulett Aluminium will occur during the second quarter of 2007. This will reduce Anglo American’s interest in Tongaat-Hulett to 38% and in Hulamin to 39%. Anglo American plc Annual Report 2006 | 25 ANGLO AMERICAN plc ANNUAL REPORT 2006 OPERATING AND FINANCIAL REVIEW | BUSINESS FOCUS Anglo American’s principal objective is to maximise long term value creation for shareholders through the effective development and operation of world class mining assets. In order to achieve this, the Group needs to ensure it has the technical resources in place to manage operations efﬁ ciently. High quality mining assets are the lifeblood of any mining company, and Anglo American constantly seeks to replace and augment its asset base through a combination of exploration, discovery and development, complementing this organic growth process by value accretive acquisition. In order to execute this strategy the Group has identiﬁ ed the following areas as being of central importance. Safety The safety of all employees is of paramount importance to Anglo American and is one of its core values. The Group’s approach to safety is based on three pillars. The instillation of a safety culture throughout the Group with a zero injury tolerance mindset ensures that the Group learns from each incident and adheres to a set of simple, non-negotiable safety standards. Sustainable development This means ensuring that all stakeholders in Anglo American’s mining operations are positively impacted by those operations. The Group aims to respond to the ﬁ ve key global challenges (wealth, energy, health, land use and biodiversity) identiﬁ ed at the Johannesburg World Summit on Sustainable Development in 2002 and to incorporate the principles of sustainable development and social responsibility into all aspects of the business cycle. World class assets Anglo American’s strategy is to seek to invest in opportunities that will deliver strong cash ﬂ ows through the cycle and which offer the greatest potential for optimisation and expansion. Consequently, the Group concentrates on pursuing mining investments that will provide low cost and long life exposure to the commodity price cycle. Furthermore, the Group aims to ensure that maximum value is gained from ownership of these assets through a continual focus on cost savings and operating efﬁ ciencies. Project pipeline Anglo American has one of the strongest organic growth pipelines in the mining industry, encompassing all our business units across a wide range of geographies. This pipeline creates a distinctive platform for Anglo American to deliver growth and value creation through the cycle. The Group will continue to invest in growth projects in its core mining businesses of platinum, diamonds, coal, base metals and iron ore to ensure that it is well positioned to deliver growth well into the future. People Anglo American’s employees are essential to the long term success of the Group. Anglo American continues to invest in the development of its people and strives to ensure that it is positioned to attract and retain the best mining and other talent. 26 | Anglo American plc Annual Report 2006 Key performance indicators In order to measure and assess the achievement of its strategic objectives, Anglo American has put in place a number of key performance indicators (KPIs). These encompass both ﬁ nancial and non-ﬁ nancial indicators as well as quantitative and qualitative measures. While these KPIs are helpful in measuring the Group’s performance, it should be stressed that they are not exhaustive and that many additional performance measures are used to monitor progress. Strategic objective KPI Description Results and target (if applicable) Long term value creation and world class assets Return on capital employed Calculated as total operating proﬁ t before impairments for the year divided by the average total capital less other investments and adjusted for impairments. 2006: 32.4% 2005: 19.2% Year on year cost savings Reduction in year on year operating costs is analysed between operating efﬁ ciencies, procurement savings and restructuring and synergies. Underlying earnings per share Underlying earnings are net proﬁ t attributable to equity shareholders, adjusted for the effect of special items and remeasurements, and any related tax and minority interests. 2006: $3.73 2005: $2.58 Total shareholder return (TSR) TSR is deﬁ ned as share price growth plus dividends reinvested over the performance period. The Group uses a performance period of three years and calculates TSR annually. Please refer to Remuneration Committee report on pages 66 to 83. Optimise production volumes Production and extraction of the Group’s prime commodities, measured in industry standard units. A full analysis of the Group’s production is given on pages 148 to 152. Record production levels achieved for platinum, coal, iron ore, nickel (on continuing operations basis) and zinc. Copper production increased over 2005 levels. Safety Work related fatal injuries and fatal injury frequency rate (FIFR) Lost time injury frequency rate (LTIFR) FIFR is calculated as the number of fatal injuries per 200,000 hours worked. 2006: 44 fatalities, 0.017 FIFR 2005: 46 fatalities, 0.017 FIFR 2007 target: zero incidents The number of lost time injuries (LTIs) per 200,000 hours worked. An LTI is an occupational injury which renders the person unable to perform his/her duties for one full shift or more the day following the one on which the injury was incurred, whether a scheduled work day or not. 2006: 1.16 2005: 0.94 2007 target: 0.94 Sustainable development Improve energy efﬁ ciency and reduce CO2 emission intensity Improvements in energy efﬁ ciency and reduction in CO2 emission per unit of production are measured from a 2004 baseline. A 15% improvement in energy efﬁ ciency and 10% reduction in CO2 emissions per unit of production by 2014. Community social investment Social investment as deﬁ ned by the London Benchmarking Group includes donations, gifts in kind and staff time for administering community programmes or volunteering in company time. 2006: $50.3m, 0.6% of PBT 2005: $56.7m, 1.0% of PBT New capital investment Capital projects and investment, optimising risk rate of return Optimise the pipeline of projects and ensure that new capital is only committed to projects that show a positive net present value on a risk adjusted basis. A full analysis of the Group’s project pipeline is on pages 28 and 29. People Please see the narrative on pages 49 to 50 describing the Group’s Human resources principles. Anglo American plc Annual Report 2006 | 27 ANGLO AMERICAN plc ANNUAL REPORT 2006 OPERATING AND FINANCIAL REVIEW | BUSINESS FOCUS Project pipeline and major projects Project pipeline Anglo American has one of the strongest project pipelines in world mining. Across the Group, the platinum, diamond, coal, base metals and iron ore projects that are under development total $6.9 billion. This array of projects stretching into the future, building on Anglo American’s unique suite of existing assets, has created formidable organic growth potential for the Group. In South Africa, Anglo Platinum, the world leader in platinum, with considerable platinum reserves, is implementing its extensive suite of projects to expand and maintain production, with $1.6 billion approved in 2006. Against a background of positive fundamentals for the entire range of platinum group metals (PGMs), the company plans to lift its platinum production in 2007 to between 2.8 and 2.9 million ounces, as well as expand output of other PGMs. A $692 million project to add 230,000 platinum ounces per annum at PPRust is under way, with a further $230 million allocated to maintaining existing production of 200,000 ounces per annum. The $224 million East Upper UG2 project at Amandelbult, to exploit mainly the UG2 reef, will raise the mine’s platinum output by 106,000 ounces a year by 2012. Accessing Merensky reef, the $316 million Paardekraal 2 shaft project, to replace 120,000 ounces of platinum annually by 2015, has also been given the go ahead. Anglo Base Metals has several projects in South America which will ensure that Anglo American retains its signiﬁ cant market position in copper, while the Group is also becoming a bigger player in nickel. At Minera Sur Andes in Chile, the Chagres smelter is now operating at full capacity following the completion of a recent expansion project. Los Bronces has a feasibility study under way on a $1.2 billion project to increase copper production by 75%, while a debottlenecking opportunity is being evaluated at Collahuasi. A feasibility study is being conducted on the Quellaveco project in Peru. A decision on whether to proceed with the mine, which would produce in the region of 200,000 tonnes of copper a year, at a capital cost of approximately $1.2 billion, is expected in 2008. In Brazil, the recently approved $1.2 billion Barro Alto project will produce an average of 36,000 tonnes of nickel in ferronickel annually over a minimum 26 year mine life. The mine should come on stream in 2010, ramp up to full production the following year and boost the Group’s total nickel production to around the 100,000 tonnes per annum level by 2012. Anglo Ferrous Metals, through Kumba Iron Ore, is well advanced on the 13 Mtpa $754 million Sishen expansion project in South Africa’s Northern Cape, with ﬁ rst output due in 2007 and full ramp up targeted for 2009. Further brownﬁ eld and greenﬁ eld projects should increase Kumba Iron Ore’s annual production to over 70 Mtpa by 2015. Other iron ore growth opportunities are being pursued. Anglo Coal’s actual and approved thermal/domestic coal projects are scheduled to raise attributable production to surpass 100 Mtpa early on in the next decade. In Australia, the $835 million Dawson mine is planned to reach production in late 2007, producing 12.7 Mtpa of metallurgical and thermal coal for the export market. Construction has also started on the $516 million Lake Lindsay greenﬁ eld project at the German Creek mine. Annual saleable production will be 4.0 Mtpa, comprising mainly metallurgical coal. The recent granting of prospecting rights to Anglo Coal by South Africa’s Department of Minerals and Energy is an encouraging development. At Cerrejón in Colombia, capacity is being expanded from the current level of 28 Mtpa to 32 Mtpa in 2008, with further expansion potential to at least 50 Mtpa. De Beers has a number of signiﬁ cant projects to maintain its role as a leading global diamond producer. The major expansion focus is in Canada, where it is spending about $1.7 billion to bring two advanced projects to production. The technically and logistically challenging Snap Lake development close to the Arctic Circle in the Northwest Territories is due to come on stream in 2007, producing 29 million carats over the life of the project. In Ontario, the province’s ﬁ rst diamond mine, Victor, is set to enter production in the last quarter of 2008 and yield 7 million carats over a mine life of about 12 years. In South Africa, work is under way on reopening the long dormant Voorspoed mine and on getting diamond mining under way off South Africa’s Atlantic coast, for a total investment of $315 million. 28 | Anglo American plc Annual Report 2006 Major growth and replacement projects Currently Anglo American has major projects under development amounting to $6.9 billion, on an attributable basis, stretching across all business units and geographies. The Group is considering further major projects with an estimated potential cost between $10 billion and $15 billion. Selected major completed projects Sector Coal Project Grasstree Isibonelo Base Metals El Soldado Country Australia South Africa Chile Full production (1) Capex $m 2006 2006 2007 153 65 73 Full production Estimated capex $m (1) Production volume(2) 4.5 Mtpa 5.0 Mtpa 17 year life extension copper Production volume(2) 230,000 oz reﬁ ned Pt 130,000 oz reﬁ ned Pt replace 120,000 oz Pt 106,000 oz Pt replace 70,000 oz Pt replace 200,000 oz Pt replace 108,000 oz Pt 145,000 oz Pt 5.7 Mtpa 4.0 Mtpa 5.0 Mtpa 3.0 Mtpa (2nd stage) 36,000 tpa nickel 13 Mtpa 2.5 M oz over life of project 4.7 M oz over life of project 692 100 316 224 139 230 179 18 835 516 264 129 1,200 754 272 432 878 29 m carats over life of project 833 7 m carats over life of project 170 8.3 m carats over life of project 145 4.6 m carats over life of project 2009 2007 2015 2012 2014 2009 2010 2009 2007 2008 2008 2008 2011 2009 2013 2009 2008 2009 2009 2008 Estimated full production Estimated capex $m (4) Production volume(2) 2009 2011 2013 2013 2014 2017 2009 2011 2010 2012 2011 2013 2013 335 335 180 120 355 530 90 6.6 Mtpa 6.5 Mtpa 4.0 Mtpa 3.0 Mtpa 23.9 mmcf 13.7 Mtpa 2.7 Mtpa 1,200 170,000 tpa copper 300-500 60,000-120,000 tpa copper 1,200 200,000 tpa copper 420 145 560 9 Mtpa iron ore 1.5 Mtpa iron ore 10 Mtpa iron ore Selected major approved projects Sector Project Country Platinum PPRust North expansion South Africa Mototolo JV Paardekraal 2 shaft Amandelbult UG2 Townlands Ore Replacement project South Africa South Africa South Africa South Africa PPRust North Replacement South Africa Lebowa Merensky Marikana JV Coal Dawson Lake Lindsay Mafube Cerrejón Base Metals Barro Alto South Africa South Africa Australia Australia South Africa Colombia Brazil Ferrous Metals Sishen expansion South Africa Gold Mponeng (below 120 level) South Africa Boddington(3) Diamonds Snap Lake Victor Voorspoed Australia Canada Canada South Africa South African Sea Areas South Africa Selected major future unapproved projects Sector Coal Project Zondagsfontein implementation Elders Opencast Elders Underground Country South Africa South Africa South Africa Heidelberg Underground South Africa Waterberg New Largo MACWest Base Metals Los Bronces expansion Collahuasi debottleneck Quellaveco Ferrous Metals Sishen South Sishen Pellet Sishen Expansion 2 South Africa South Africa South Africa Chile Chile Peru South Africa South Africa South Africa (1) Shown on 100% basis unless otherwise stated. (2) Production represents 100% of incremental or replacement production from the project. (3) This represents AngloGold Ashanti’s 33.3% share of Boddington. (4) Shown on 100% basis, approximate amounts. Anglo Platinum also has a number of unapproved projects under evaluation: Amandelbult 4 shaft, Booysendal JV, Der Brochen, Ga-Phasha JV, Pandora JV, Styldrift and Twickenham. Anglo American plc Annual Report 2006 | 29 ANGLO AMERICAN plc ANNUAL REPORT 2006 OPERATING AND FINANCIAL REVIEW | BUSINESS FOCUS Sustainable development The Group made a ﬁ rm commitment to sustainable development in 2000. It has since worked to ensure that its policies and strategies address the key economic, social and environmental risks and concerns which underpin this agenda through daily good business practice as well as through work in partnership with other industry leaders, international agencies and NGOs. This has highlighted real business opportunities. The Group’s approach to sustainable development and measurement of its performance is reported in the Report to Society. The report is published annually in April and is available both in printed form and electronically on the Company website. The report provides extensive detail of the Group’s commitment to its principles of sustainable development as well as analysis of its performance in 2006. Sustainable development strategy The sustainable development strategy is reviewed annually but has as a core theme the need to embed sustainable development thinking into business practice and to systematically address risks and opportunities. The sustainable development strategic process is constantly evolving and includes consultation at various levels. The process includes input from area experts through Communities of Practice (COP) into the various steering groups. Issues raised here are tabled at the SD Forum where all divisions are represented. Priorities are then integrated into the strategy document which is submitted to the SD Council for sanctioning prior to presentation to the Executive Board. This loop is cyclical, with the SD Council highlighting priority actions to be addressed by the COPs, steering groups and SD Forum. SD Council – A sustainable development council, made up of the leaders of corporate functions and business units, takes the lead on strategy and agrees Group targets. SD Forum – Senior managers with responsibility for sustainable development meet regularly during the year to address constraints and opportunities in formulating and giving effect to the strategy and policies. Sustainable development risks and opportunities are assessed and reported periodically through the Group’s internal risk management procedure. Safety Anglo American’s vision of zero harm is built on three clear principles: all injuries and occupational illnesses are preventable; all necessary steps must be taken to learn from incidents in order to prevent any recurrence; and common, simple, non-negotiable standards must be consistently applied. During 2006 a peer review programme was instituted across the Group, and in 2007 the peer review ﬁ ndings and experience from others will be integrated to reinforce the safety strategy and to enhance the application of the Company safety framework and principles. The challenge of improving safety performance across the Group to meet Anglo American’s goal of zero harm to the workforce has been the major focus of the year, with renewed efforts through both engineering and behavioural interventions at every level of the organisation to understand and eliminate the root cause of injuries. During 2005 the Group’s Lost Time Injury Frequency Rate (LTIFR) was 0.94. The target for 2006 was 0.64, or a 32% reduction. The ﬁ gure achieved was 1.16. Anglo American’s core business going forward achieved a LTIFR of 1.58 in 2006. A target of 0.94 is set for 2007. Energy use and reducing CO2 emissions Climate change is one of the most signiﬁ cant global challenges. Anglo American reports energy use and carbon emissions annually and is committed to ongoing operational efforts to reduce its impact. The Company also actively engaged in long term international research and development programmes for zero emissions power generation and carbon sequestration. The Company is aiming to achieve a 10% reduction in CO2 emissions per unit of production (energy intensity) by 2010 and increase energy efﬁ ciency by 15% of the 2004 baseline by 2014. The Group’s managed companies used 303.7 million Gigajoules (GJ) of energy in 2006 (2005: 298.5 million GJ). The Group’s managed companies’ CO2 equivalent emissions in 2006 were 32.6 million tonnes (2005: 29.3 million tonnes). 30 | Anglo American plc Annual Report 2006 Community social investment In addition to addressing core social issues at both corporate and operational levels, the Group annually invests across the world in community development, education and youth, the arts, the environment and other causes. In 2006 the investment was $50.3 million or 0.6% of pre-tax proﬁ t (2005: $56.7 million or 1.0%). Key challenges Key challenges facing the mining industry In pursuing its strategy, Anglo American, along with many of its peers in the mining industry, faces a number of key challenges. The ability to respond to these challenges will play a key role in ensuring that Anglo American is best placed to extract maximum beneﬁ t from all of its future growth options. Anglo American has identiﬁ ed the following as being of particular importance. Cost escalation Although the last few years have seen dramatic increases in the prices of a wide range of commodities, there has also been considerable pressure on operating and capital costs. Controlling this cost escalation will ensure that Anglo American realises maximum value from its existing operations and that all future projects beneﬁ t from the best possible economics. As set out in more detail below, Anglo American remains committed to an ongoing programme of cost savings, which has realised $583 million in 2006. Mining skills People remain Anglo American’s most important asset and it is the technical expertise in core mining and engineering disciplines of these people that is the ultimate source of value creation in a mining company. As an industry it is essential that this skills base is not depleted and that mining remains an attractive career option for the next generation of university graduates. In responding to this challenge, Anglo American remains committed to its programme of university sponsorship and support to ensure that it will retain the skills necessary to secure all of its medium and long term growth opportunities. Energy There is now more focus than ever on the global demand for energy and the sustainability and impact of meeting this ever increasing demand. As one of the world’s largest mining companies, Anglo American is both a signiﬁ cant consumer and supplier of energy. Consequently, Anglo American will continue to participate fully in the ongoing global and industry wide dialogue on how best to respond to this challenge and will continue to embed the principles of sustainable development into all of its operating practices. Resource depletion Anglo American, in common with all mining companies, must continually invest in its resource base to ensure that it has a steady pipeline of new projects in place to replace production from those assets that reach the end of their life. As existing operations become depleted, mining companies will have to access new mineral deposits which may be geologically or metallurgically more complex than those of existing assets. Anglo American has a programme of continuous investment to develop the technology and productivity improvements that will allow Anglo American to develop these deposits in the most value accretive manner. Key challenges facing Anglo American – driving operational excellence A key challenge is to drive the process of operational excellence throughout the business – from exploration to procurement. Operational excellence is very much a twin pronged thrust: driving a culture change through our continuous improvement efforts that aim to get each employee involved in improving what they do and how they do it, and the development or adoption of leading edge technology and of applying it quickly and intelligently. Procurement and supply chain excellence has been a major element of the Group’s activities since 2000 with the inception of Project Angelo, which was designed to increase volume leverage for lower supplier prices and maximise synergies Groupwide. In 2006, Anglo American businesses spent $14 billion with their suppliers and achieved cost savings of $583 million in synergies, operating efﬁ ciencies and negotiated procurement savings. At Anglo Platinum’s Waterval mine, trials of extra low proﬁ le (XLP) trackless mining equipment, employed in areas of severely restricted height, have shown a near tripling in cubic metres mined per month, with improved productivity and safety. The exercise has also shown that it is possible to determine accurately the structural life expectancy of heavy mining machinery such as load haul dumpers in different conditions, which enables more accurate replacement strategies to be put in place. Modiﬁ cations can now be designed Anglo American plc Annual Report 2006 | 31 ANGLO AMERICAN plc ANNUAL REPORT 2006 OPERATING AND FINANCIAL REVIEW | BUSINESS FOCUS to extend the life of XLP and other equipment and it is intended to embed these design principles into the equipment’s speciﬁ cations by transferring the technology to the equipment manufacturers. Following its success at Waterval mine, this new mining method will be implemented at other Anglo Platinum operations, where practically and economically viable, during 2007-2008. At Kumba Iron Ore’s Sishen mine the focus is on bringing about a sustained improvement in operating margins by extracting ore from material previously deﬁ ned as waste. The mining operation reduces waste stripping by using smaller loaders in the ore waste contact areas. ‘Contact’ ore that would have been discarded owing to excessive dilution is now separated and recovered by the smaller scale equipment. The ‘clean’ ore is then hauled to the crusher and the waste discarded. This selective mining process has yielded two important beneﬁ ts: ore that would have been discarded owing to dilution is recovered, while ‘contact’ waste, that would have claimed space in the beneﬁ ciation plant, is removed before the material enters the plant. During 2006, 2.7 million tonnes of ore was recovered from waste, with a near equivalent amount of ‘clean’ ore delivered to the plant. At the Skorpion zinc mine, located in a remote and arid environment in southern Namibia, a novel solvent extraction and electrowinning process was developed by Anglo Base in partnership with Anglo Research and Spanish technology providers to treat an oxide zinc ore. Skorpion is now one of the lowest cost zinc producers in the world – exploiting a deposit that was previously uneconomic to mine. Open pit slope stability is an issue of growing importance to the mining industry due to the potential for loss of life and serious injury – not to mention damage to equipment, leading to loss of production. Radar based and laser based mobile systems, designed to detect sub-millimetre slope movements long before they can be detected by the naked eye, and then generate alarms, are being installed where necessary at open pit operations across the Group. Vehicle related incidents are responsible for a disproportionately high number of deaths and serious injuries at Group operations. Anglo Technical Division and business unit representatives have compiled a matrix of technologies to examine various collision avoidance systems. Combinations of several technologies, including radar, video cameras, ultrasonic, infrared and radio frequency, are being implemented at Group operations. Information is being shared across the business units, while a joint working group is establishing closer relationships with suppliers and investigating joint initiatives with other mining companies. In South Africa, poor road conditions at Anglo Coal’s Landau colliery had been causing damage to haul trucks and impacting productivity in wet weather. To counter this, and to ensure that there would be sustained improvement, a detailed haul road design and construction standard was drawn up. Previously discarded sandstone was used in the construction of the haul roads, which were properly cambered, with improved drainage. The beneﬁ ts include a 7% reduction in haul truck maintenance costs, increased tyre life, improved productivity arising from shorter truck turnaround times and a saving of around $200,000 in diesel in 2006. In the UK, Tarmac recently completed a review to evaluate the commercial activities of the Aggregate Products business and to identify areas of opportunity. The project, which drew together people from all major disciplines in Tarmac, has resulted in a signiﬁ cant change in organisational structure and proposed new ways of working that require retraining, upskilling and behavioural change. Post programme audits have been undertaken to embed the new skills and knowledge gained and to continue the improvements in working practices. 32 | Anglo American plc Annual Report 2006 Financial performance during the year The Group produced record underlying earnings of $5.5 billion, 46% higher than 2005, with record production levels at many of its mining operations. With strong cash ﬂ ow, the Group announced during 2006 and early 2007 the return of $10.5 billion to shareholders through share buybacks and special dividends. Financial review of the Group’s results Underlying earnings per share for the year increased to $3.73 per share, an increase of 45% compared with 2005. Underlying earnings totalled $5,471 million, with strong contributions from Base Metals and Platinum as well as a signiﬁ cant increase in contribution from AngloGold Ashanti. Coal recorded lower underlying earnings mainly due to a decline in export sales volumes and increased costs, while Paper and Packaging recorded a lower earnings contribution and Industrial Minerals a ﬂ at contribution, owing to continuing difﬁ cult market conditions, although Paper and Packaging saw some improvement in overall market conditions in the second half of the year. Underlying earnings at De Beers were below the prior year, principally reﬂ ecting lower sales by The Diamond Trading Company and increased exploration and development costs, as well as lower preference share income arising from the June 2006 redemptions, and higher minorities as a result of the Ponahalo black economic empowerment transaction which was completed in April 2006. Kumba’s results showed a signiﬁ cant increase over the prior year; however, Ferrous Metals as a whole recorded a lower contribution chieﬂ y owing to lower manganese and vanadium prices, the impact of the increased minorities as a result of the Highveld part disposal in July 2006, as well as the full year impact of the disposal in mid-2005 of Boart Longyear and Samancor Chrome. Underlying earnings $ million Proﬁ t for the ﬁ nancial year attributable to equity shareholders Operating special items including associates Operating remeasurements including associates Net proﬁ t on disposals including associates Financing special item Finance remeasurements including associates: Fair value loss on convertible option Exchange gain on De Beers’ preference shares Unrealised gains and losses on non-hedge derivatives Tax on special items and remeasurements including associates Related minority interests on special items and remeasurements including associates Underlying earnings Underlying earnings per share ($) Year ended 31 Dec 2006 Year ended 31 Dec 2005 6,186 562 429 (1,367) 4 18 (40) (8) (124) (189) 5,471 3.73 3,521 323 317 (185) – 32 (72) (2) (15) (183) 3,736 2.58 Proﬁ t for the year after special items and remeasurements increased by 76% to $6,186 million compared with $3,521 million in the prior year. This increase relates mainly to strong operational results, as discussed above. There was a signiﬁ cant increase in net proﬁ ts on disposal which, including associates, was $1,182 million higher than 2005, mainly as a result of the Group’s disposal of 19.7 million ordinary shares in AngloGold Ashanti and the Group’s non-participation in the issue of ordinary shares by AngloGold Ashanti ($909 million net proﬁ t on disposal), as well as the proﬁ t of $301 million on part disposal of Highveld. This was largely offset by the $52 million loss on part disposal of Kumba’s non-iron ore assets as well as operating special items and remeasurements losses of $991 million, including the impairment and restructuring of certain Tarmac assets ($278 million), impairment and closure costs relating to the Dartbrook coal mine in Australia ($125 million), impairment mainly of certain downstream converting Packaging assets and certain Business Paper assets at Paper and Packaging ($104 million) and unrealised losses on non-hedge derivatives ($429 million), recorded principally at AngloGold Ashanti. The Group’s results are inﬂ uenced by a variety of currencies owing to its geographic diversity. The South African rand on average weakened slightly against the US dollar compared with the prior year, with an average exchange rate of R6.77 compared with R6.37 in 2005. Currency movements positively impacted underlying earnings by $129 million. Operating results beneﬁ ted from weaker average rates for the rand • Strong performance during the year with underlying EPS of $3.73, up 45% over 2005 • Base metals and Platinum produced record results • Increased production in most commodities, with particularly strong performances in second half of the year • Proﬁ t for the ﬁ nancial year up 76% over 2005 • During 2006 and early 2007, Anglo American announced the return of $10.5 billion capital to its shareholders through three share buyback programmes totalling $9 billion and special dividends of $1.5 billion Underlying earnings per share US$ 3.73 2.58 1.87 1.25 1.20 02* 03* 04 05 06 * UK GAAP Anglo American plc Annual Report 2006 | 33 ANGLO AMERICAN plc ANNUAL REPORT 2006 OPERATING AND FINANCIAL REVIEW | FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE DURING THE YEAR and Australian dollar, although these were offset by the stronger Chilean peso and Brazilian real. There was a signiﬁ cant beneﬁ cial effect on underlying earnings from increased prices amounting to $3,581 million, particularly in respect of copper and platinum group metals. Summary income statement $ million (unless otherwise stated) Operating proﬁ t before special items and remeasurements Operating special items Operating remeasurements Operating proﬁ t from subsidiaries and joint ventures Net proﬁ t on disposals Share of net income from associates(1) Total proﬁ t from operations and associates Net ﬁ nance costs before special items and remeasurements Financing special items and remeasurements Proﬁ t before tax Income tax expense Proﬁ t for the ﬁ nancial year Minority interests Proﬁ t for the ﬁ nancial year attributable to equity shareholders Basic earnings per share ($) Group operating proﬁ t including associates before special items and remeasurements (1) Operating proﬁ t from associates before special items and remeasurements Operating special items and remeasurements(2) Net proﬁ t on disposals(2) Net ﬁ nance costs (before remeasurements) Financing remeasurements(2) Income tax expense (after special items and remeasurements) Underlying minority interest (after special items and remeasurements) Share of net income from associates (2) See note 7 to the ﬁ nancial statements. Special items and remeasurements Year ended 31 Dec 2006 Year ended 31 Dec 2005 8,742 (524) (344) 7,874 1,168 685 9,727 (165) – 9,562 (2,640) 6,922 (736) 6,186 4.21 9,832 1,090 (123) 199 (101) 26 (368) (38) 685 5,344 (186) (301) 4,857 87 657 5,601 (428) 35 5,208 (1,275) 3,933 (412) 3,521 2.43 6,376 1,032 (153) 98 (51) 7 (274) (2) 657 $ million Excluding associates 31 Dec 2006 Associates 31 Dec 2006 Operating special items Operating remeasurements (524) (344) (38) (85) Total 31 Dec 2006 (562) (429) Excluding associates 31 Dec 2005 Associates 31 Dec 2005 (186) (301) (137) (16) Total 31 Dec 2005 (323) (317) Operating special items and remeasurements (868) (123) (991) (487) (153) (640) Operating special items and remeasurements, including associates, amounted to $991 million, with $562 million operating special charges in respect of impairments, restructurings and mine and operation closures. This included a $278 million combined impairment and restructuring charge relating to certain non- core assets to be sold and other assets to be restructured at Industrial Minerals following the conclusion of the strategic review, an impairment and related closure costs of $125 million at Anglo Coal Australia’s Dartbrook mine, and a $104 million impairment at Paper and Packaging mainly of certain downstream converting Packaging assets. Operating remeasurements, including associates, of $429 million principally related to unrealised losses on non-hedge commodity derivatives at AngloGold Ashanti. The loss in 2006 related to the revaluation of non-hedge derivatives resulting from changes in the prevailing spot gold price, exchange rates and interest rates compared with the equivalent period in 2005. Net proﬁ t on sale of operations, including associates, amounted to $1,367 million. This included the proﬁ t on sale of 19.7 million ordinary shares in AngloGold Ashanti, which resulted in $737 million proﬁ t on disposal as well as $172 million proﬁ t on the deemed disposal of AngloGold Ashanti arising from the non-participation in the issue of ordinary shares by AngloGold Ashanti. A gain of $301 million also arose on the part disposal of Highveld, offset by a loss of $52 million on the part disposal of Kumba’s non-iron ore assets. The Group also realised a $103 million proﬁ t on the sale of an indirect 26% equity interest in De Beers Consolidated Mines Limited to Ponahalo Holdings (Proprietary) Limited. Operating profit US$m • 2006 5,269 4,563 First half of year Second half of year 34 | Anglo American plc Annual Report 2006 Financing remeasurements, including associates, are made up of a $18 million fair value loss on the AngloGold Ashanti convertible bond option, unrealised gains of $8 million on non-hedge derivatives and a $40 million foreign exchange gain on De Beers dollar preference shares held by a rand denominated entity. In line with IFRIC guidance, the option component of the AngloGold Ashanti convertible bond is fair valued at each reporting period and held as a liability. Changes in fair value of the liability are taken to the income statement. The De Beers dollar preference shares (held by a rand functional currency entity) are classiﬁ ed as ‘ﬁ nancial asset investments’ and are retranslated at each period end. The resulting rand:dollar foreign exchange gains and losses are reported through the income statement as a remeasurement charge. Net ﬁ nance costs Net ﬁ nance costs, excluding special items and remeasurement gains of nil (2005: gain of $35 million), decreased from $428 million in 2005 to $165 million. The decrease reﬂ ects lower interest costs due to the reduction in net debt. Taxation Before special items and remeasure- ments 31 Dec 2006 9,159 (2,763) 6,396 Associates’ tax and minority interests 31 Dec 2006 407 (369) 38 Before special items and remeasure- ments 31 Dec 2005 5,612 (1,283) 4,329 Associates’ tax and minority interests 31 Dec 2005 285 (281) 4 Including associates 31 Dec 2006 9,566 (3,132) 6,434 32.7 Including associates 31 Dec 2005 5,897 (1,564) 4,333 26.5 $ million (unless otherwise stated) Proﬁ t before tax Tax Proﬁ t for the ﬁ nancial year Effective tax rate including associates (%) IAS 1 Presentation of Financial Statements requires income from associates to be presented net of tax on the face of the income statement. Associates’ tax is therefore not included within the Group’s total tax charge on the face of the income statement. Associates’ tax, before special items and remeasurements included within ‘Share of net income from associates’ for the year ended 31 December 2006 is $369 million (2005: $281 million). The effective rate of taxation, before special items and remeasurements including share of associates’ tax before special items and remeasurements, was 32.7%. This was an increase from the effective rate, on the same basis, of 26.5% in the year ended 31 December 2005. The December 2005 tax rate beneﬁ ted from the one-off impact of a reduction in the statutory tax rates in South Africa and Ghana. Without this one-off beneﬁ t, the effective tax rate for the prior year would have been 29.7%. The December 2006 tax rate reﬂ ected the relative impact of the statutory tax rates, on a fully distributed basis where appropriate, of the countries in which the Group’s operations are based. In future periods it is expected that the effective tax rate, including associates’ tax, will remain at or above the UK statutory tax rate of 30%. Balance sheet Equity attributable to equity shareholders of the Company was $24,271 million compared with $23,621 million as at 31 December 2005. During the year, the Group announced a share buyback programme totalling $6 billion. By the end of 2006, $3.9 billion of this programme had been completed, with the programme due to complete fully in the ﬁ rst half of 2007. A further $3 billion share buyback has been announced in early 2007. Net debt, excluding hedges but including balances that have been reclassiﬁ ed as held for sale ($80 million), was $3,324 million, a decrease of $1,669 million from 31 December 2005. The reduction was principally due to reduction of debt from cash ﬂ ows from operations and disposals, deconsolidation of AngloGold Ashanti debt and conversion of $1.1 billion of the Group’s convertible debt, although this was partially offset by $3.9 billion of share buyback and $1.5 billion special dividend as at 31 December 2006. Net debt at 31 December 2006 comprised $6,304 million of debt, offset by $2,980 million of cash, cash equivalents and current ﬁ nancial asset investments. Net debt to total capital(1) as at 31 December 2006 was 12.9%, compared with 17.0% at 31 December 2005. Cash ﬂ ow Net cash inﬂ ows from operating activities were $8,310 million compared with $6,781 million in 2005. EBITDA was $12,197 million, a substantial increase of 36% from $8,959 million in 2005. (1) Net debt to total capital is calculated as net debt divided by total capital less investments in associates. Total capital is net assets excluding net debt. EBITDA US$m 12,197 8,959 7,031 4,792 4,785 02* 03* 04 05 06 * UK GAAP Anglo American plc Annual Report 2006 | 35 ANGLO AMERICAN plc ANNUAL REPORT 2006 OPERATING AND FINANCIAL REVIEW | FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE DURING THE YEAR Depreciation and amortisation decreased by $405 million to $2,036 million. Acquisition expenditure accounted for an outﬂ ow of $344 million compared with $530 million in 2005. This included $76 million, net of cash acquired, in respect of the Group’s investment in AltaSteel (Ferrous Metals and Industries) and $65 million in respect of the Group’s investment in Akrosil and Stambolijski (Paper and Packaging). Proceeds from disposals totalled $1,642 million, with net proceeds on the sale of 19.7 million ordinary shares of AngloGold Ashanti of $839 million, and net proceeds of $412 million received on disposal of 49.8% of Anglo American’s shareholding in Highveld Steel. Repayment of loans and capital from associates amounted to $394 million, and is attributable to capital redemptions by De Beers, comprising the redemption of $175 million of preference shares and a further $219 million in respect of a share premium redemption following the Ponahalo black economic empowerment transaction. Purchases of tangible assets amounted to $3,686 million, an increase of $380 million. Increased capital expenditure by Platinum, Coal, Ferrous Metals and Industries and Base Metals was partially offset by a reduction in capital expenditure at Paper and Packaging, as well as the impact of including AngloGold Ashanti’s capital expenditure up to 20 April 2006, after which it was accounted for as an associate. Analysis of depreciation and amortisation by business segment (subsidiaries and joint ventures) $ million Platinum Gold Coal Base Metals Industrial Minerals Ferrous Metals and Industries Paper and Packaging Other Analysis of capital expenditure on a cash ﬂ ow basis by business segment (subsidiaries and joint ventures) $ million Platinum Gold Coal Base Metals Industrial Minerals Ferrous Metals and Industries Paper and Packaging Other Purchase of tangible assets Investment in biological assets 2006 444 183 172 338 244 199 439 17 2005 428 538 188 312 248 300 411 16 2,036 2,441 2006 2005 923 196 780 298 298 581 581 29 3,686 64 3,750 616 722 331 271 274 373 691 28 3,306 55 3,361 (cid:36)(cid:41)(cid:54)(cid:41)(cid:36)(cid:37)(cid:46)(cid:36)(cid:51)(cid:0)(cid:48)(cid:37)(cid:50)(cid:0)(cid:51)(cid:40)(cid:33)(cid:50)(cid:37) (cid:53)(cid:51)(cid:0)(cid:67)(cid:69)(cid:78)(cid:84)(cid:83) •(cid:0) (cid:38)(cid:73)(cid:78)(cid:65)(cid:76) •(cid:0) (cid:51)(cid:80)(cid:69)(cid:67)(cid:73)(cid:65)(cid:76) •(cid:0) (cid:41)(cid:78)(cid:84)(cid:69)(cid:82)(cid:73)(cid:77) 67 75 33 62 36 39 15 15 19 51 28 33 (cid:16)(cid:18) (cid:16)(cid:19) (cid:16)(cid:20) (cid:16)(cid:21) (cid:16)(cid:22) Dividends At the half year, an interim dividend of 33 US cents per share, plus a special dividend of 67 US cents per share, paid together on 21 September 2006, was recommended. A ﬁ nal dividend of 75 US cents per share, to be paid on 3 May 2007, has been recommended. Analysis of dividends US cents per share Interim dividend Recommended ﬁ nal dividend Normal dividend Special dividend previously paid Total dividends 2006 33 75 108 67 175 2005 28 62 90 33 123 Return on capital employed ROCE in 2006 was 32.4% compared to 19.2% in 2005. The increase was mainly due to strong operational results, as discussed on page 33. 36 | Anglo American plc Annual Report 2006 Financial review of the businesses Business review In the operations review on the following pages, operating proﬁ t includes associates’ operating proﬁ t and is before special items and remeasurements unless otherwise stated. Capital expenditure relates to cash expenditure on tangible assets. Platinum $ million (unless otherwise stated) Operating proﬁ t EBITDA Net operating assets Capital expenditure Share of Group operating proﬁ t Share of Group net operating assets (cid:47)(cid:48)(cid:37)(cid:50)(cid:33)(cid:52)(cid:41)(cid:46)(cid:39)(cid:0)(cid:48)(cid:50)(cid:47)(cid:38)(cid:41)(cid:52) (cid:4)(cid:0)(cid:77)(cid:73)(cid:76)(cid:76)(cid:73)(cid:79)(cid:78) (cid:48)(cid:76)(cid:65)(cid:84)(cid:73)(cid:78)(cid:85)(cid:77) 854 2,398 2006 2,398 2,845 7,078 923 24% 25% 2005 854 1,282 7,018 616 13% 20% (cid:16)(cid:21) (cid:16)(cid:22) Anglo Platinum’s operating proﬁ t reached a record $2,398 million, increasing 181% on 2005’s operating proﬁ t of $854 million. This was achieved on the back of a signiﬁ cantly higher price achieved for the basket of metals sold, increased production and a weaker average rand/US dollar exchange rate. Markets The average dollar price realised for the basket of metals sold equated to $2,030 per platinum ounce, 46% higher than in 2005, with ﬁ rmer platinum, rhodium and nickel prices making the largest contribution to the increase. The average realised price for platinum of $1,140 per ounce was $246 higher than in 2005, while nickel averaged $10.74 per pound against $6.77 in 2005. The price achieved for rhodium averaged $3,542 per ounce, an increase of $1,576 per ounce over 2005, and includes the effect of existing long term contractual arrangements entered into with some customers to support and develop the rhodium market. Technological development continues to drive industrial demand for platinum and ongoing research into new applications will create further growth in this sector. With the rapid spread of exhaust emissions legislation, over 91% of new vehicles sold in the world now have autocatalysts ﬁ tted. The intensifying stringency of emissions legislation will drive growth in PGM demand for autocatalysts as new legislation is applied to trucks and off road vehicles in the US. The increasing popularity of diesel powered vehicles in Europe continues and this has also intensiﬁ ed the demand for platinum, as diesel powered cars can only use autocatalysts that are predominantly platinum based. Operating performance Reﬁ ned platinum production for the year rose by 15% to 2,816,500 ounces, primarily due to increased production at mining operations and the release of metal from pipeline stocks, including the processing of concentrate built up at the Polokwane Smelter in 2005. Platinum production from mining operations, expressed in equivalent reﬁ ned ounces (metal contained in concentrate net of smelting and reﬁ ning losses) increased by 5% to 2,638,600 ounces. The increase was mainly attributable to improved production volumes at the Amandelbult, Kroondal, Modikwa, Bafokeng-Rasimone and Rustenburg operations as well as new output from the Marikana and Mototolo operations. However, this was partly offset by lower output from Potgietersrust and the Western Limb Tailings Retreatment plant. The cash operating cost per equivalent reﬁ ned platinum ounce in rand terms increased by 10.7%. Once-off additional ground support work during 2006 at Union, equipping and development programmes to establish a sustainable base for future production at Amandelbult and Rustenburg, cost increases in diesel, steel, tyres and labour and the effect of lower grades as a consequence of a higher percentage of UG2 ore mined were the principal reasons for the above inﬂ ation unit cost increase. Projects Anglo Platinum remains conﬁ dent of the robustness of demand for platinum and is continuing with its expansion programme and expects to meet its stated average compound growth target of 5% per annum by exploiting its own reserves through direct investment in projects as well as with joint venture partners. This growth proﬁ le requires projects that will create incremental new production as well as maintain existing production levels due to reserve depletion from current mining activities. The implementation of Anglo Platinum’s extensive suite of mining and processing projects to expand and maintain production continues on schedule. Projects that have increased production include Modikwa, Kroondal and, for the ﬁ rst time in 2006, the Marikana and Mototolo ventures each added 12,800 equivalent reﬁ ned platinum ounces. Marikana, approved in 2005, will produce 74,000 reﬁ ned platinum ounces a year by 2009. Mototolo is set to reach steady state production by the end of 2007, producing reﬁ ned platinum of 130,000 ounces per annum at steady state. Anglo American plc Annual Report 2006 | 37 ANGLO AMERICAN plc ANNUAL REPORT 2006 OPERATING AND FINANCIAL REVIEW | FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE DURING THE YEAR In 2006 the company approved capital expenditure totalling $1.6 billion, which included the Potgietersrust North expansion project. Work on this project, which aims to mill an additional 600,000 tonnes per month (tpm) of ore, producing an additional 230,000 reﬁ ned platinum ounces per annum from 2009, has commenced. Projects that contribute towards maintaining production levels include the Amandelbult 1 shaft optimisation project, which was successfully completed during the year, with the 75,000 tpm UG2 concentrator being fully commissioned and running at capacity. This concentrator processes UG2 ore as Merensky production declines due to the depletion of Merensky ore reserves. The Amandelbult East Upper UG2 project, which was approved in 2006, will conventionally mine the UG2 reef, using existing mining infrastructure previously employed to extract Merensky reef, at the vertical number 2 shaft and at three decline shafts. The 75,000 tpm UG2 concentrator will be expanded to 210,000 tpm and by 2012 the project will contribute an additional 106,000 ounces of reﬁ ned platinum per annum. The Rustenburg Paardekraal 2 shaft replacement project will access deeper Merensky reserves at a rate of 100,000 tpm. The project is expected to produce 120,000 ounces of reﬁ ned platinum per annum by 2015, replacing decreasing production as a result of reserve depletion. The Townlands Ore Replacement project at a capital cost of $139 million was approved in February 2007 and will replace 70,000 ounces of reﬁ ned platinum per annum by 2014 with production from new Merensky and UG2 areas at the Rustenburg Townlands shaft. In December, Anglo Platinum concluded a black economic empowerment transaction with the Bakgatla-Ba- Kgafela traditional community, under which the community acquired a 15% interest in Anglo Platinum’s Union Section mining and concentrating business as well as interests in the prospecting rights of certain properties in the vicinity of Union Section. Outlook The demand for newly mined platinum continues to grow from the autocatalyst and industrial sectors, offsetting the decline in demand from the jewellery sector. Autocatalyst demand is expected to continue expanding in response to growth in the sales of diesel vehicles worldwide coupled with the advances in emission legislation requiring the ﬁ tment of catalyst systems and particulate ﬁ lters containing platinum. The application of platinum in a wide variety of uses in industry remains robust. In the jewellery sector, the high price of platinum, but more importantly the volatility in the price, is limiting the levels of stock held within the trade and hence demand is down. Additional development projects to support the Platinum brand and the industry are being implemented in China, Japan and the US. These initiatives are expected to sustain interest and assist in restoring demand even at current price levels. The recovery of palladium demand in the industrial market continues particularly in the autocatalyst and electronics sectors. Substitution of palladium for platinum in petrol engine emission control catalysts is a continuing feature. Demand for palladium in the Chinese jewellery trade reduced from the exceptional peak last year as the manufacturing and retail pipelines were established. Sustained demand will be dependent on creating consumer desire for the product. The development of a differentiating image for palladium is in its infancy, but being pursued. Investor interest is also supporting the market for palladium, which continues to absorb additional supply from Russian stocks. The markets for rhodium and ruthenium are supported by strong industrial demand and are expected to be buoyant in the medium term. Reﬁ ned platinum production for 2007 is expected to be between 2.8 million and 2.9 million ounces. While production and sales volumes will increase in 2007, the most signiﬁ cant variable affecting earnings will be metal prices and the rand/US dollar exchange rate. (cid:47)(cid:48)(cid:37)(cid:50)(cid:33)(cid:52)(cid:41)(cid:46)(cid:39)(cid:0)(cid:48)(cid:50)(cid:47)(cid:38)(cid:41)(cid:52) (cid:36)(cid:73)(cid:65)(cid:77)(cid:79)(cid:78)(cid:68)(cid:83) 583 463 (cid:4)(cid:0)(cid:77)(cid:73)(cid:76)(cid:76)(cid:73)(cid:79)(cid:78) Diamonds $ million (unless otherwise stated) Share of associate’s operating proﬁ t EBITDA Group’s share of De Beers’ net assets(1) Share of Group operating proﬁ t 2006 463 541 2,062 5% 2005 583 655 2,056 9% (1) De Beers is an independently managed associate of the Group. The Group’s share of De Beers’ net assets is disclosed. The Group’s share of operating proﬁ t from De Beers declined by 21% to $463 million from the 2005 ﬁ gure of $583 million. This was largely attributable to lower sales by The Diamond Trading Company (DTC), the marketing arm of De Beers, increased exploration and development costs, reduced earnings in the diamond account, the impact of increased ﬁ nance charges, and the dilution in earnings as a consequence of the sale of 26% of De Beers Consolidated Mines to a black economic empowerment consortium. (cid:16)(cid:21) (cid:16)(cid:22) 38 | Anglo American plc Annual Report 2006 Markets Solid consumer demand for diamond jewellery continued in 2006, with the US, and particularly China and India, reporting strong sales growth. Sales by the DTC were $6.2 billion, slightly below the previous year (2005: $6.5 billion), though still the second highest on record. The decline reﬂ ected the reduced supply available to the DTC and the continuing challenging environment in the wholesale market for rough diamonds, where a lack of liquidity, margin pressure and increasing ﬁ nancing costs impacted pipeline demand. DTC marketing initiatives continue to effectively drive demand for diamond jewellery. Preliminary reports point to global retail sales for 2006 rising by about 4%-5%, with India and China achieving double digit growth. DTC marketing programmes such as Journey Diamond Jewellery and Trilogy were strong growth drivers in 2006. Independently managed De Beers Diamond Jewellers (DBDJ), the De Beers retail joint venture with Möet Hennessy Louis Vuitton, had an excellent year, with an encouraging performance in the US, which accounts for around 50% of world jewellery sales by value. In 2007 DBDJ will introduce its ﬁ rst wristwatch collection and increase its presence in the US, the Middle East, Japan, Hong Kong and South Korea. Operating performance In 2006 the De Beers group achieved its highest ever production of 51 million carats (2005: 49 million carats). This was attributable mainly to Debswana raising output in Botswana from 31.9 million carats to 34.3 million carats. In Namibia, Namdeb lifted production by 18% to just over 2 million carats. Production from the South African operations totalled 14.6 million carats. Element Six, De Beers’ industrial diamond business, continues to achieve sustained growth, recording a satisfactory proﬁ t for the year. In Canada, De Beers is on target to start production at Snap Lake in the Northwest Territories in October 2007, while the Victor mine in Ontario is scheduled to come on stream in the last quarter of 2008. In June 2006 De Beers announced that it had been granted a right to mine for diamonds at the long closed Voorspoed mine in South Africa’s Free State province. As part of its $145 million South African Sea Areas marine mining project, a mining vessel, now undergoing commissioning, will commence operations off the west coast of South Africa in the third quarter of 2007. When all of these operations are in full production they will contribute 3.3 million carats, valued at $700 million, to De Beers’ production capacity. In 2006 De Beers positioned itself well to take advantage of exploration opportunities. The company has been granted three new concessions in Angola, prospecting licences have been granted in Botswana around the Jwaneng and Orapa areas, while De Beers is involved in a number of joint ventures to access promising ground in the Democratic Republic of Congo. In Canada, De Beers has sold its 42% stake in the Fort à la Corne project in Saskatchewan. In September 2006 De Beers and Alrosa, the leading Russian diamond mining company, signed a Memorandum of Understanding which should lead to joint diamond prospecting and exploration activities in Russia. A groundbreaking empowerment transaction was concluded in April 2006, resulting in the sale of 26% of De Beers Consolidated Mines, the South African mining arm of De Beers, to a black economic empowerment consortium. In May 2006 the Government of Botswana and De Beers signed the renewal of the mining licence for Jwaneng, the world’s most valuable diamond mine. The licence will run for 25 years (effective from 1 August 2004), while the currently held licences for the Orapa, Letlhakane and Damtshaa mines were also extended to 2029. The agreement also covered the sale of diamond production from Debswana (held 50:50 by the Government of Botswana and De Beers) to the DTC for a further ﬁ ve years, and the establishment of Diamond Trading Company Botswana (also equally owned by the two parties) to sort and value all Debswana’s diamond production. On 30 January 2007, the Government of Namibia and De Beers announced the extension of the DTC sales contract for a further eight years (effective 1 January 2006), and the establishment of Namibia Diamond Trading Company to sort, value and market Namibia’s diamond output. Following the announcement in 2004 that De Beers had reached a settlement with the US Department of Justice, De Beers announced a provisional agreement in March 2006 to settle and consolidate the remaining class actions against De Beers for a total sum of $295 million. Proceedings to obtain ﬁ nal judicial approval of the settlement of the class actions are continuing. On 31 January 2007 the European Commission formally announced that it had decided to reject all of the outstanding complaints against De Beers and the DTC in respect of the DTC Sales and Marketing policy, and the Russian Trade agreement. Anglo American plc Annual Report 2006 | 39 ANGLO AMERICAN plc ANNUAL REPORT 2006 OPERATING AND FINANCIAL REVIEW | FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE DURING THE YEAR Outlook The outlook for further growth in retail diamond jewellery sales remains positive, with India and China likely to be the leading growth markets, and the US continuing its ﬁ ve year growth trend. While DTC sales are likely to be constrained by availability in 2007, due to the reduction in Russian purchases as agreed with the European Commission, De Beers will beneﬁ t from bringing new production on stream towards the end of the third quarter of 2007. De Beers will focus on implementing its new vision of maximising the value of its leadership position. This includes, in addition to new production, reviewing assets that do not ﬁ t the De Beers portfolio criteria, focusing exploration on the most prospective areas, continuing to improve cost efﬁ ciency and investing in DBDJ and the Forevermark marketing programmes. (cid:47)(cid:48)(cid:37)(cid:50)(cid:33)(cid:52)(cid:41)(cid:46)(cid:39)(cid:0)(cid:48)(cid:50)(cid:47)(cid:38)(cid:41)(cid:52) (cid:4)(cid:0)(cid:77)(cid:73)(cid:76)(cid:76)(cid:73)(cid:79)(cid:78) Base Metals (cid:34)(cid:65)(cid:83)(cid:69)(cid:0)(cid:45)(cid:69)(cid:84)(cid:65)(cid:76)(cid:83) 1,678 3,876 $ million (unless otherwise stated) Operating proﬁ t Copper Nickel, niobium and mineral sands Zinc Other EBITDA Net operating assets Capital expenditure (cid:16)(cid:21) (cid:16)(cid:22) Share of Group operating proﬁ t Share of Group net operating assets 2006 3,876 3,019 405 516 (64) 4,214 4,268 298 39% 15% 2005 1,678 1,381 249 102 (54) 1,990 4,785 271 26% 13% Anglo Base Metals generated a record operating proﬁ t of $3,876 million (2005: $1,678 million) on the back of increased copper, zinc, lead and ferroniobium production and signiﬁ cantly higher metal prices, partially offset by signiﬁ cant rises in the costs of energy and most key consumables. Although copper and zinc treatment and reﬁ ning charges eased, increases in metal price linked smelter deductions and price participation saw a signiﬁ cant increase in this component of costs. The strength of the Chilean and Brazilian currencies against the dollar also adversely impacted operating proﬁ ts. Markets Average LME prices (US cents/lb) Copper Nickel Zinc Lead 2006 305 1,095 148 58 2005 167 668 63 44 With global GDP growth remaining strong, average base metal prices moved signiﬁ cantly upwards in 2006. Although copper demand was slightly weaker than expected (with destocking by the Chinese and other manufacturers) and price induced substitution (particularly in respect of copper and nickel) was also a feature, aggregate demand growth for base metals was largely as expected at 5%-6%. The primary drivers of the dramatic increase in prices were tight metal inventories (in turn, a reﬂ ection of weak mine supply growth arising from a lack of investment in new capacity and further supply side disruptions, particularly in the case of copper) and the signiﬁ cant and rapid inﬂ ow of speculative and investor funds into commodities markets. Operating performance Copper division Operating proﬁ t ($m) Attributable production (tonnes) 2006 3,019 2005 1,381 643,800 634,600 Los Bronces copper mine implemented measures to overcome the lower throughput experienced in the ﬁ rst half arising from unexpectedly hard ore encountered in the Donoso Este area. Production, which included a record amount of cathode, was marginally lower at 226,000 tonnes (2005: 227,300 tonnes). El Soldado saw increasing mining ﬂ exibility and grade as the year progressed and delivered 68,700 tonnes (2005: 66,500 tonnes). Mantoverde suffered some delays in dump construction early in the year and output decreased by 3% to 60,300 tonnes. Mantos Blancos reduced the dump leach area under irrigation but this was more than offset by improved grades and recoveries in both the vat leach and sulphide ore circuits, resulting in a 5% rise in production to 91,700 tonnes. Notwithstanding intermittent production interruptions arising from the Rosario crushing and conveying system and SAG Mill No. 3, Collahuasi lifted output to 440,000 tonnes (2005: 427,100 tonnes) largely as a result of a 13% improvement in sulphide mill throughput. Molybdenum production rose materially to 3,400 tonnes (2005: 300 tonnes) in the ﬁ rst full year of molybdenum plant production. Chagres increased production by 26% to 173,400 tonnes following the completion of the expansion project at the end of 2005. 40 | Anglo American plc Annual Report 2006 The $80 million El Soldado pit extension project was completed on time and under budget. The Los Bronces feasibility study, which contemplates increasing copper production by 75% at a cost of approximately $1.2 billion, will be completed in mid-2007, while the Quellaveco revised feasibility study, examining a project with production of copper of around 200,000 tonnes per annum (tpa) at a capital cost of approximately $1.2 billion, will be complete in 2008. Evaluation of the progressive debottlenecking project at Collahuasi will be undertaken this year. The new Chilean mining tax was paid with effect from January 2006. Nickel, niobium and mineral sands division Operating proﬁ t ($m) Attributable nickel production (tonnes) 2006 405 2005 249 26,400 26,500 Production of 16,600 tonnes at Loma de Níquel was marginally down for the year. Codemin output rose to 9,800 tonnes (2005: 9,600 tonnes), but sales volumes were 11% higher owing to the timing of shipments. In the ﬁ rst full year of production following the completion of the scalping project, niobium output increased a further 18% to a record 4,700 tonnes. Namakwa Sands’ zircon and rutile production was very similar to 2005 at 128,400 tonnes and 28,200 tonnes respectively, while slag tonnage, which had been at similar levels until a major furnace burn out occurred in August, was 19% lower at 133,900 tonnes. In December the $1.2 billion Barro Alto project, which will see the construction of a 36,000 tpa ferronickel operation in Brazil, was approved. First production is scheduled for 2010. Zinc division Operating proﬁ t ($m) Attributable zinc production (tonnes) Attributable lead production (tonnes) 2006 516 2005 102 334,700 324,200 71,400 63,000 Skorpion operated at design capacity until August when impurities in the electrowinning circuit caused a hydrogen ﬁ re, necessitating a 20 day shutdown. Although operations were again running at design capacity by December, production for the year eased to 129,900 tonnes (2005: 132,800 tonnes). Increased production from secondary mining (released by the backﬁ ll programme), improved grades (arising from the start up of mining in the Bog Zone) and higher mill throughput and recoveries resulted in Lisheen producing 170,700 tonnes of zinc and 23,100 tonnes of lead (2005: 159,300 tonnes and 20,800 tonnes, respectively). At Black Mountain the commissioning at the Deeps shaft and the phased redeployment from the Broken Hill and Swartberg orebodies to, and the opening up of, the Deeps orebody has led to a gradual improvement in grade. This, together with a modest improvement in mill throughput, saw an increase of 6% in zinc production and 14% in lead output to 34,100 tonnes and 48,300 tonnes, respectively. In January 2007 it was announced that black economic empowerment company Exxaro Resources Limited had exercised an option under which it had, subject to the satisfaction of conditions precedent and contractual price adjustments, agreed to acquire Namakwa Sands for $0.3 billion (R2.0 billion) and 26% of each of Black Mountain and Gamsberg for a combined ﬁ gure of $26 million (R180 million). Anglo Base Metals continues to focus on operational excellence and delivering on the value adding growth options that it is creating. Increases in zinc and ferroniobium production are forecast in 2007 while nickel output should be maintained. Copper production, excluding Collahuasi, is forecast to increase modestly. Collahuasi had forecast a rise in production of some 5%, but the taking down of a SAG mill for 65 days to replace its stator motor (which is covered by insurance) will result in an attributable shortfall of approximately 13,000 tonnes and a level of production in line with 2006. Outlook After four consecutive years of particularly strong growth in the world economy, the current consensus is one of slightly lower growth in 2007 without undue pressure on inﬂ ation rates and thus the level of interest rates. Although fundamentals will continue to be positive and overall stock levels below normal, both the zinc and the copper markets are likely to see some stock build up as they move into a surplus in 2007, the extent of which (particularly in copper) will depend on supply side disruptions. Nickel markets will remain very tight in 2007, but nickel and zinc markets will see further increases in supply in 2008. Fundamentals are therefore supportive, but suggest an easing of prices. The full extent of any price moves and the pace of such change will be dictated by ﬂ uctuations in speculative and investment funds sentiment in what is likely to be a volatile pricing environment. Anglo American plc Annual Report 2006 | 41 ANGLO AMERICAN plc ANNUAL REPORT 2006 OPERATING AND FINANCIAL REVIEW | FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE DURING THE YEAR (cid:47)(cid:48)(cid:37)(cid:50)(cid:33)(cid:52)(cid:41)(cid:46)(cid:39)(cid:0)(cid:48)(cid:50)(cid:47)(cid:38)(cid:41)(cid:52) (cid:4)(cid:0)(cid:77)(cid:73)(cid:76)(cid:76)(cid:73)(cid:79)(cid:78) (cid:38)(cid:69)(cid:82)(cid:82)(cid:79)(cid:85)(cid:83)(cid:0)(cid:45)(cid:69)(cid:84)(cid:65)(cid:76)(cid:83)(cid:0)(cid:65)(cid:78)(cid:68)(cid:0)(cid:41)(cid:78)(cid:68)(cid:85)(cid:83)(cid:84)(cid:82)(cid:73)(cid:69)(cid:83) 1,456 1,360 Ferrous Metals and Industries $ million (unless otherwise stated) Operating proﬁ t Kumba Highveld Steel Scaw Metals Samancor Tongaat-Hulett Boart Longyear Other (cid:16)(cid:21) (cid:16)(cid:22) EBITDA Net operating assets Capital expenditure (including biological assets) Share of Group operating proﬁ t Share of Group net operating assets 2006 1,360 778 230 160 52 154 – (14) 1,560 2,796 582 14% 10% 2005 1,456 568 436 121 144 131 67 (11) 1,779 4,439 373 23% 12% Ferrous Metals and Industries’ operating proﬁ t declined by 7% to $1,360 million (2005: $1,456 million), mainly as a result of the sale of non-core businesses that contributed $94 million in 2005, as well as lower vanadium and manganese prices, partially offset by higher iron ore prices. Markets World crude steel production increased by 9% in 2006, to reach a total of 1.2 billion tonnes. China accounted for most of the increase, with its share of global output rising to 34% in 2006. The South African steel market was characterised by strong demand, attributable to numerous major projects, among them infrastructural preparations for the 2010 Soccer World Cup, as well as expansion by utilities and the mining and chemical industries. Operating performance Kumba achieved an operating proﬁ t of $778 million (2005: $568 million). Global iron ore demand remained strong in 2006, fuelled by the continuing expansion of the steel industry in China. In addition to the 71.5% annual iron ore price increase achieved in April 2005, an annual increase of 19% was achieved with effect from April 2006. Export sales volumes for the period grew in line with production improvements. Kumba Iron Ore produced a record 31 million tonnes (mt) of iron ore for the period, exporting 21 mt. A $754 million, three year expansion programme is currently under way at the Sishen mine which will increase sales volumes by 40% to 45 million tonnes per annum. Ramp up will commence in 2007, with full production expected in early 2009. Scaw produced a record operating proﬁ t of $160 million (2005: $121 million). The acquisition in February of AltaSteel, a manufacturer of value added steel products in Canada, together with the acquisition of the remaining 50% of Moly-Cop Canada, contributed $32 million for the year. Strong demand for rolled, cast and wire rod products contributed to higher proﬁ ts. The international grinding media operations achieved higher sales volumes, although this beneﬁ t was more than offset by negative exchange rate movements. Anglo American’s attributable share of Samancor’s operating proﬁ t was $52 million (2005: $144 million). The 2005 operating proﬁ t included a $16 million contribution from Samancor’s chrome business, which was disposed of in June 2005. Although higher manganese ore sales volumes were achieved, lower alloy volumes and lower selling prices negatively impacted proﬁ ts. In 2006, the average manganese ore price achieved was $2.2 per metric tonne unit (mtu), compared with the 2005 average price of $2.9/mtu. Highveld reported a lower operating proﬁ t of $230 million (2005: $436 million), although this performance was still the second best in its history. An increased contribution from the steel business, driven by strong South African steel demand, was more than counteracted by the easing of vanadium prices from the record levels achieved in 2005. In 2006, the average ferrovanadium price achieved was $39 per kilogram of vanadium (kgV) compared with the 2005 average of $66/kgV. Tongaat-Hulett’s operating proﬁ t grew to $154 million (2005: $131 million). The sugar operations beneﬁ ted from a higher world sugar price of 12.8 US cents per pound (c/lb) in 2006, compared with 9.0 c/lb in 2005, while the 2006 South African sugar crop was the second lowest in ten years. Hulamin continued its progress in increasing sales volumes, with record rolled product sales of 183,000 tonnes (2005: 173,000 tonnes). African Products’ margins were affected by pricing pressures on starch and glucose and increasing maize input costs. Moreland beneﬁ ted from increased contributions from its commercial, industrial and resorts property development portfolios. 42 | Anglo American plc Annual Report 2006 Strategic review Further progress was made on optimising asset base during the year. In July, Anglo American announced the sale of its 79% shareholding in Highveld Steel to Evraz, an international steel producer, and Credit Suisse, for an aggregate consideration of $678 million. Following the disposal of the initial 49.8%, for which Anglo American received $412 million, Evraz has an option to acquire Anglo American’s remaining 29.2% stake in Highveld Steel for $266 million once regulatory approvals are received. This amount will be reduced by any dividends paid by Highveld Steel prior to Anglo American selling its remaining shares. The deal represents a substantial foreign direct investment in South Africa. In November the Kumba empowerment transaction was completed. This resulted in the listings on the Johannesburg Stock Exchange of Kumba Iron Ore, as a pure-play iron ore company in which Anglo American holds 64%, and Exxaro, which became South Africa’s largest black economic empowered natural resources company. In December the Tongaat-Hulett Group announced the proposed unbundling and listing of Hulett Aluminium and simultaneous introduction of broad based black economic empowerment (BBBEE) into both companies. This transaction, which is anticipated to be completed by mid-2007, will result in BBBEE groups acquiring 25% and 15% interests in Tongaat-Hulett and Hulett Aluminium, respectively. Anglo American’s shareholding in Tongaat-Hulett will reduce from 50% to 38% and its shareholding in Hulett Aluminium from an effective 45% to 39%. In line with Anglo American’s objective of consolidating its agri-processing businesses within Tongaat- Hulett, it was announced in December that Tongaat-Hulett had acquired Anglo American’s 50% shareholding in the Zimbabwe Stock Exchange listed sugar producer, Hippo Valley Estates, for $36 million. Outlook Global economic growth looks set to continue in 2007, albeit at a slightly softer pace, with global steel output forecast to rise by over 6% in 2007. The outlook for Ferrous Metals and Industries remains broadly positive, given the benchmark annual iron ore price increase of 9.5% effective 1 April 2007 and a stable rand. Earnings in 2007 will be inﬂ uenced by the timing of the sale of Anglo American’s remaining Highveld stake and the transaction unbundling the Tongaat-Hulett aluminium business. Scaw’s volumes in the South African market are expected to grow, driven by infrastructural expansion and construction and mining industry activity. Demand for Scaw’s products internationally is forecast to remain strong, driven by mining demand in Latin America and buoyant economic growth in Alberta, Canada. Samancor should beneﬁ t from volume improvements and higher prices. Highveld’s performance in 2007 should be similar to that of 2006, depending largely on vanadium prices and continued strength in South African steel demand. Tongaat-Hulett is expected to beneﬁ t from higher sugar production and sales revenue, while Hulett Aluminium plans to continue to grow its rolled product volumes and optimise its sales mix. Coal $ million (unless otherwise stated) Operating proﬁ t South Africa Australia South America Projects and corporate EBITDA Net operating assets Capital expenditure Share of Group operating proﬁ t Share of Group net operating assets 2006 864 380 279 227 (22) 1,082 2,862 780 9% 10% 2005 1,019 470 323 240 (14) 1,243 2,244 331 16% 6% (cid:47)(cid:48)(cid:37)(cid:50)(cid:33)(cid:52)(cid:41)(cid:46)(cid:39)(cid:0)(cid:48)(cid:50)(cid:47)(cid:38)(cid:41)(cid:52) (cid:4)(cid:0)(cid:77)(cid:73)(cid:76)(cid:76)(cid:73)(cid:79)(cid:78) (cid:35)(cid:79)(cid:65)(cid:76) 1,019 864 (cid:16)(cid:21) (cid:16)(cid:22) Anglo Coal’s operating proﬁ t decreased by 15% to $864 million. Coal production and sales for the ﬁ rst half of the year were adversely affected by a combination of poor weather in South Africa and rail and port constraints in Australia. In the second half production and sales volumes recovered and were markedly higher. Nevertheless for the year, operating proﬁ t was lower due to an overall decline in export volumes and a pull back in export prices from the very high levels of the year before. South Africa, Australia and South America contributed 44%, 32% and 26% respectively to operating proﬁ t. Markets Global demand and supply for thermal coal remained well balanced during 2006. The dampening effect of mild winter temperatures in Europe and the US was mitigated by a series of worldwide logistical and production constraints and a buoyant European energy market, bolstered by high oil and gas prices. The combination of these factors maintained thermal coal prices at historically high levels. Metallurgical coal prices softened in 2006 from the highs of 2005, particularly the semi-soft coking and pulverised injection (PCI) coals. Anglo American plc Annual Report 2006 | 43 ANGLO AMERICAN plc ANNUAL REPORT 2006 OPERATING AND FINANCIAL REVIEW | FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE DURING THE YEAR During 2006 geopolitical events demonstrated coal’s strategic importance to the overall energy mix. Compared to oil and gas, coal’s security of supply from widely distributed reserves makes it one of the world’s most reliable energy sources. This together with the development and implementation of clean coal technologies will, over time, position coal to make a signiﬁ cant contribution towards satisfying future global energy demand while addressing environmental concerns. Operating performance Operating proﬁ t for South African sourced coal, at $380 million, was 19% lower than the previous year’s $470 million, reﬂ ecting average realised export prices which were 6% lower in 2006 and a 1% decline in export sales volumes. The rand continued to weaken in 2006, with a positive impact on operating proﬁ t of $28 million. Production for the year increased by 2.5 million tonnes (mt), or 4.3%, to 59.3 mt, as Isibonelo went into full production and output from Landau and New Denmark grew. Landau beneﬁ ted from improved yields arising from plant efﬁ ciency improvements and favourable contractor performance, while New Denmark beneﬁ ted from strong longwall performance. Excessive rainfall during the ﬁ rst quarter hampered production at several operations, in particular New Vaal and Kleinkopje. Total sales, bolstered by Isibonelo, reached 59.3 mt, 4.5% higher than prior year. Export sales decreased by 0.2 mt or 1%. Sales to Eskom rose by 2.5% as increased economic activity continued to spur electricity demand. Operating proﬁ t for the Australian operations reduced by 14% to $279 million (although the 2005 results included $27 million from insurance proceeds pertaining to a roof fall at Moranbah North the previous year). The decline in operating proﬁ t was chieﬂ y on account of lower production volumes arising from the cessation of mining at Dartbrook owing to difﬁ cult geological conditions, combined with commissioning delays to the Grasstree longwall operation. These reductions were partly compensated by the staged expansion at Dawson, resulting in an overall reduction of 0.9 mt for Anglo Coal Australia. Site costs rose, with industry inﬂ ation statistics reporting 11.7% increases year on year on the back of rising prices of commodities globally and often poor local availability of scarce resources. Other cost increases came with the expanding Dawson mine and the purchase of third party coal during the Grasstree transition phase at Capcoal. Port and rail constraints impeded ﬁ nal sales volumes and resulted in higher closing stock on hand at all export mine sites. Callide’s output increased by 0.3 mt to 9.8 mt. Dawson mine received additional heavy mining equipment as part of its incremental expansion and increased production by 11%, with the coking coal proportion of its coal mix rising to 45% from 30% in 2005. Drayton maintained output, although port constraints resulted in the mine being stock bound at year end. During the year Capcoal moved its main underground operations to the Grasstree mine, which experienced delays owing to conveyor and longwall commissioning problems, resulting in an 11% reduction in production. In 2006 work got under way on the Lake Lindsay project, which will extend open cut mining from the Capcoal operation. Moranbah North’s production was 0.5 mt lower, primarily as a result of difﬁ cult geological challenges being experienced during the ﬁ rst half of 2006. In South America, operating proﬁ t was 5% lower than 2005 at $227 million following a decline in export selling prices, higher operating costs, particularly in respect of fuel prices, and a stronger Colombian peso. The decrease in operating proﬁ t was partly offset by an increase in production at Cerrejón of 9% to 28.4 mt as the ﬁ rst expansion project was completed. Sales volumes at Carbones del Guasare in Venezuela were marginally below 2005 because of transportation difﬁ culties between the mine and the port. In Australia, capital expenditure for the year was 190% higher at $537 million, principally attributable to the ramp up of the $426 million Dawson and $361 million Lake Lindsay projects. Dawson is expected to reach full production of 5.7 million tonnes per annum (Mtpa) in 2007. Lake Lindsay is proceeding to plan, with ﬁ rst coal scheduled for 2008. In South Africa, the start of work at the $132 million Mafube mine, wash plant enhancements at Goedehoop and completion of the Isibonelo mine represent the majority of the capital expenditure. Mafube will increase Anglo Coal’s thermal coal production by a total of 5 Mtpa (Anglo Coal’s attributable share 2.5 Mtpa). In South America the expansion of Cerrejón to 32 Mtpa is continuing and full production is scheduled for 2008. A pre-feasibility study is investigating additional capacity beyond 32 Mtpa. 44 | Anglo American plc Annual Report 2006 Outlook The rand exchange rates and coal prices will continue to be the two main variables in 2007, with export prices expected to be more stable in 2007, though with a somewhat softer bias. Thermal coal prices for 2007 will continue to be subject to volatility, resulting from anticipated growth in India and the Asian economies, increased incremental supply from major producing regions, unpredictable ﬂ uctuations in seasonal temperatures and the price of competing energy fuels. Hard coking coal prices have decreased by up to 20% for 2007 contracts beginning in April. Early negotiations in thermal coal are showing that the market is remaining strong, with similar prices set to be realised in 2007. Substantial capital will continue to be invested in all regions, with accompanying increases in production, particularly in South Africa and Australia. In November 2006, Anglo Coal, Hillsborough Resources and North Energy Mining Incorporated created Peace River Coal, of which Anglo Coal owns 60%. Peace River Coal is a metallurgical coal mine in Canada that is expected to produce around 2.0 mt in 2007. The agreement between Anglo Coal and Shell with respect to the joint development of Monash Energy (coal-to-liquids project) advances and the conclusion of the concept study is anticipated in 2007. In February 2007, Anglo Coal announced the creation of Anglo Inyosi Coal, an empowered coal company housing key current and future domestic and export focused coal operations. Anglo Coal has signed a Heads of Agreement with Inyosi, a newly formed broad based black economic empowerment company. Inyosi will acquire 27% of Anglo Inyosi Coal, creating a company valued at $1 billion and incorporating several key Anglo Coal assets, namely Kriel Colliery (an existing mine), and the Elders, Zondagsfontein, New Largo and Heidelberg projects. Industrial Minerals $ million (unless otherwise stated) Operating proﬁ t Tarmac Copebrás EBITDA Net operating assets Capital expenditure Share of Group operating proﬁ t Share of Group net operating assets (cid:47)(cid:48)(cid:37)(cid:50)(cid:33)(cid:52)(cid:41)(cid:46)(cid:39)(cid:0)(cid:48)(cid:50)(cid:47)(cid:38)(cid:41)(cid:52) (cid:4)(cid:0)(cid:77)(cid:73)(cid:76)(cid:76)(cid:73)(cid:79)(cid:78) (cid:41)(cid:78)(cid:68)(cid:85)(cid:83)(cid:84)(cid:82)(cid:73)(cid:65)(cid:76)(cid:0)(cid:45)(cid:73)(cid:78)(cid:69)(cid:82)(cid:65)(cid:76)(cid:83) 370 336 2006 336 315 21 580 4,524 298 3% 16% 2005 370 340 30 618 3,982 274 6% 11% (cid:16)(cid:21) (cid:16)(cid:22) Anglo Industrial Minerals generated an operating proﬁ t of $336 million. Tarmac group’s operating proﬁ t was 7% lower than 2005 at $315 million. The UK proﬁ t was down 10%, a robust performance in the face of challenging market conditions, with lower volumes and weaker margins in some businesses exacerbated by high energy costs for much of the year. Input cost pressures were partly mitigated by cost savings of some $63 million as a result of operational efﬁ ciencies, including Tarmac’s ongoing supply chain management programme. Markets and operating performance Tarmac’s contribution from its international businesses increased by 5%, reﬂ ecting strong performances by the Middle East and improvements by Poland and Germany, offset by weaker demand in Spain. Copebrás’ operating proﬁ t was down 30% from the prior year owing to the combined effects of the 11% strengthening of the Brazilian real against the US dollar and weak demand from the agricultural sector. In 2006 Tarmac completed its operational, commercial and organisational restructuring. The new business structure facilitates continuous improvement both operationally and commercially. The scope of its activities is also now clearly deﬁ ned as aggregates, together with the three routes to market (asphalt, concrete and concrete products), and integration of cement where appropriate. This strengthens Tarmac’s ability to improve its results and grow. A special charge for impairment and restructuring costs of $278 million was taken. This related to businesses sold ($46 million), businesses retained and restructured ($212 million) and closure and other items ($20 million). In addition to bolt-on acquisitions in France, the Czech Republic and Poland, Tarmac successfully entered Turkey and acquired a developing business in Romania, involving interests in quarries and ready-mixed concrete. These acquisitions enhance Tarmac’s ability to develop its business in central and eastern Europe, identiﬁ ed as a key focus of the company’s growth strategy. 2006 saw increased focus on improving the proﬁ tability of underperforming businesses and on disposing of non-core businesses, including the UK based Minerals and Materials business and the underperforming TopPave business. Previously announced disposals of assets in Hong Kong and Germany were completed in the second half of the year. Anglo American plc Annual Report 2006 | 45 ANGLO AMERICAN plc ANNUAL REPORT 2006 OPERATING AND FINANCIAL REVIEW | FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE DURING THE YEAR Tarmac’s operating proﬁ t in the UK declined owing largely to general market weakness, which caused demand to fall, and to high and volatile energy related costs for much of the year. The Aggregate Products business was impacted by weak demand and a highly competitive marketplace, with demand for coated stone being 8% down on the previous year. During 2006, additional resources were directed at improving commercial and operational processes in Aggregate Products, and early results are encouraging. Work has started on Tarmac’s largest ever contract, resurfacing a stretch of England’s M1 motorway – an example of new, long term, framework agreements that now prevail in the marketplace. Tarmac’s Building Products and International businesses experienced improved results compared with the previous year. However this gain was offset by weak demand for aggregate products, particularly in the road and housing sectors. Despite a substantial decline in demand from the housing sector for blocks, underlying proﬁ ts in Building Products were 23% better than 2005. This reﬂ ects the beneﬁ ts of operational improvements in the Topblock and Precast businesses and the disposal of the underperforming TopPave business. The Precast business also beneﬁ ted from the work related to the construction programme for the 2012 London Olympic games. Operating proﬁ ts for Tarmac International improved 5% over the previous year owing to stronger markets in France and beneﬁ ts accruing from acquisitions and re-organisation and improved performance in Poland, the ﬁ rst full year beneﬁ t of the Shawkah quarry in the Middle East (one of the largest in the Tarmac group) and high demand in the Czech Republic and Germany. Proﬁ ts in Spain were lower, largely reﬂ ecting the impact of higher cement costs despite strong demand in the Central Region. Outlook Market conditions in the UK are expected to remain challenging with weak demand in some sectors and high cost pressures. The uncertainty of government spending on infrastructure is also a cause for concern, as is the increasing impact of different types of construction materials such as steel and timber on the industry. Volatility of energy prices and the impact that they have on Tarmac’s business in terms of cement and distribution costs will also continue to affect performance and demand commensurate efforts to drive further efﬁ ciencies. (cid:47)(cid:48)(cid:37)(cid:50)(cid:33)(cid:52)(cid:41)(cid:46)(cid:39)(cid:0)(cid:48)(cid:50)(cid:47)(cid:38)(cid:41)(cid:52) (cid:4)(cid:0)(cid:77)(cid:73)(cid:76)(cid:76)(cid:73)(cid:79)(cid:78) $ million (unless otherwise stated) Gold (cid:39)(cid:79)(cid:76)(cid:68) 332 467 Operating proﬁ t EBITDA Net operating assets Capital expenditure Group’s aggregate investment in AngloGold Ashanti Share of Group operating proﬁ t Share of Group net operating assets 2006(1) 467 843 – 196 1,623 5% – 2005 332 871 6,982 722 – 5% 20% (cid:16)(cid:21) (cid:16)(cid:22) (1) The results for 2006 are reported as a subsidiary up to 20 April and thereafter as an associate at 42% attributable (see note 2 to the ﬁ nancial statements). The Group’s share of AngloGold Ashanti’s net assets is disclosed. Attributable operating proﬁ t in 2006 climbed to $467 million, 41% higher than the ﬁ gure for the previous year (2005: $332 million), mainly due to the impact of a stronger gold price, partially offset by the Group accounting for AngloGold Ashanti as an associate from 20 April 2006. At the end of 2006 the gold price ($604 per ounce) was more than 36% higher than at the beginning of the year ($445 per ounce), while the average price received for the year was 31% higher than the prior year. Total cash costs were $27 per ounce higher, at $308 per ounce, mainly resulting from stronger operating currencies, inﬂ ation and lower grades. Markets Investor interest in gold continued throughout 2006. The average gold price received increased by $138 per ounce to $577 per ounce. This momentum has continued into 2007, with the spot gold price currently well above the $600 per ounce mark. Operating performance In 2006, AngloGold Ashanti’s production from ongoing operations declined by 9% to 5.64 million ounces and was largely attributable to reductions of 305,000 ounces in Tanzania, 122,000 ounces in South Africa and 88,000 ounces in Ghana. These decreases were only partly compensated by small increases in output from assets in Australia, Argentina and Mali. The review of AngloGold Ashanti’s assets has resulted in management implementing programmes to ensure that these operations better their ore reserve, proﬁ t margin and growth potential. 46 | Anglo American plc Annual Report 2006 During the year AngloGold Ashanti successfully raised $500 million of equity at a negligible discount to the prevailing market price. AngloGold Ashanti is focusing on growing the reserve and resource base, both through exploration and through a disciplined, value adding mergers and acquisitions programme. In respect of both of these activities, the company is now looking outside of the world’s mature gold regions and has exploration projects in Africa in the Democratic Republic of Congo and in South America in Colombia. In Russia, AngloGold Ashanti has announced the formation of a strategic alliance with Polymetal. Strategic alliances are being pursued in China to allow the company to successfully extract value from a region undergoing signiﬁ cant regulatory change. Exploration partnerships in the Philippines, Laos and Mongolia have resulted in land positions being acquired in several prospective areas. Outlook The gold price has now risen for six years in succession, which has not been seen since the deregulation of the gold market in the developed markets in 1971. Ongoing strong demand from the growing economies of China and India as well as continued investor speculation and ofﬁ cial sector activities are seen as being supportive of the gold price. Paper and Packaging $ million (unless otherwise stated) Operating proﬁ t Packaging Business Paper Other EBITDA Net operating assets Capital expenditure (including biological assets) Share of Group operating proﬁ t Share of Group net operating assets 2006 477 287 130 60 923 7,019 644 5% 25% 2005 495 293 163 39 916 6,365 746 8% 18% In the second half of the year there was some improvement in overall market conditions. Operating proﬁ t for the second half of 2006 at $265 million was up on the comparable period for 2005. The second half performance partially offset the impact of a poor ﬁ rst six months with full year proﬁ ts of $477 million, 4% down on 2005. Although operating rates for Mondi’s European upstream paper markets appear to have improved, allowing for some price increases, input cost pressures (ﬁ bre, chemicals and energy) and tough trading conditions in downstream converting activities have continued to put margins under pressure. In response, Mondi has focused on cost saving and proﬁ t improvement initiatives, delivering $224 million of beneﬁ ts for the full year. Markets and operating performance Mondi Packaging’s operating proﬁ t of $287 million was 2% below the previous year’s $293 million, the strong upturn in packaging paper pricing was more than offset by higher input costs and continued margin pressure in the converting operations. Mondi has been active in restructuring its converting operations to improve efﬁ ciencies and focus on high growth niche areas, with ten sites divested and one closed during the year. In addition Mondi closed down two corrugators amounting to 8% of its capacity. The results of these actions can be seen in productivity, measured in output per employee, which has improved by 9% across the business. There were several small acquisitions in the period, with Mondi further strengthening its position in the higher growth niche release liner segment through the acquisition of Akrosil (mainly US and European based), Schleipen & Erkens and NBG Special Coatings (both European based). The acquisition of Peterson Barriere in Norway adds to the extrusion coating segment. The acquisition of the Bulgarian Kraft Paper Factory Stambolijski was ﬁ nalised during June 2006. Agreement to dispose of Mondi’s stake in Bischof + Klein, an associate company specialising in polymer ﬁ lms and ﬂ exible packaging, was reached in December with completion expected during the ﬁ rst quarter of 2007. Mondi is considering an investment in Poland or the Czech Republic in a new paper machine to produce lightweight testliner and ﬂ uting. This is a market which is growing rapidly and where there is a shortage of product in eastern Europe. The cost of this investment is estimated at $365 million and will provide capacity of 470,000 tonnes with ﬁ rst production expected in the second half of 2009. (cid:47)(cid:48)(cid:37)(cid:50)(cid:33)(cid:52)(cid:41)(cid:46)(cid:39)(cid:0)(cid:48)(cid:50)(cid:47)(cid:38)(cid:41)(cid:52) (cid:4)(cid:0)(cid:77)(cid:73)(cid:76)(cid:76)(cid:73)(cid:79)(cid:78) (cid:48)(cid:65)(cid:80)(cid:69)(cid:82)(cid:0)(cid:65)(cid:78)(cid:68)(cid:0)(cid:48)(cid:65)(cid:67)(cid:75)(cid:65)(cid:71)(cid:73)(cid:78)(cid:71) 495 477 (cid:16)(cid:21) (cid:16)(cid:22) Anglo American plc Annual Report 2006 | 47 ANGLO AMERICAN plc ANNUAL REPORT 2006 OPERATING AND FINANCIAL REVIEW | FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE DURING THE YEAR Mondi Business Paper’s operating proﬁ t of $130 million was 20% down on the $163 million recorded in 2005. Tough trading conditions contributed to the decline in proﬁ ts (particularly in the ﬁ rst half), and were compounded by the slow start up, at the Merebank South Africa operation, of the paper machine PM31 following a major rebuild, and expenses related to project development. PM31 is now operating at a much improved run rate and is producing better grades of paper. Further improvement is required, which may include some modiﬁ cations to the machine in order that it can produce at its design potential. In addition the South African operation is undergoing a major restructuring programme to improve efﬁ ciencies and lower costs. As a result of this restructuring and the improvement in PM31 performance a better result is expected in 2007 from South Africa. Within the rest of the business the non-integrated mills saw proﬁ tability signiﬁ cantly eroded by rising pulp costs but both Syktyvkar and Ruzomberok recorded strong results on the back of increased sales volumes and good cost control. In response to weak European market conditions Mondi took 110,000 tonnes of annual production capacity out of the business papers market in 2006 by irreversibly converting the Dunaujvaros mill in Hungary to a speciality paper plant and selling the assets. Overall product demand was positive with uncoated woodfree sales volumes up 10% also helped by increased production from PM31. The increased demand has led to improved operating rates and some improvement in pricing towards the end of the year (an average price increase of 4% was announced across Mondi Business Paper’s key paper grades in January 2007). However pricing is still well below historical mid- cycle levels and margins continue to be impacted by rising input costs, particularly for ﬁ bre and energy. Consideration is being given to a major modernisation programme for the Russian operation which could see substantial investment over the next ﬁ ve years in improving infrastructure, increasing capacity and reducing costs through enhanced efﬁ ciencies. This capital expenditure programme includes some elements that would have been part of the previously announced major pulp expansion project (initial cost estimate of $1.5 billion) and will allow the mill to be in a good position to reconsider this project once the modernisation programme is complete. Mondi Packaging South Africa had a better year with improved agricultural packaging volumes and good cost control. Other operations which comprise the newsprint and merchant activities as well as corporate costs, saw net operating proﬁ ts well up on the comparable period. All major trading operations recorded improved results with both newsprint operations performing well as a result of an improved pricing environment. Outlook The company enjoyed a strong ﬁ nish to 2006 which will provide a good platform going into 2007. While the trading environment has undoubtedly improved, concerns remain about the strength of the recovery and the level of overcapacity in some of the markets in which Mondi operates. Mondi management is encouraged by the number and scale of recent industry announcements regarding capacity closures and this bodes well for the future. Overall Mondi expects a better ﬁ nancial performance in 2007, despite rising corporate costs (in anticipation of the demerger from Anglo American plc), as a result of improved pricing for its key products, the focus on cost saving and the beneﬁ ts of better PM31 performance. 48 | Anglo American plc Annual Report 2006 Development – during 2006 we provided entry level development to over 6,500 individuals (1,150 bursars, 2,045 apprentices, 560 graduates and over 2,700 other trainees). Transformation – during 2006 we exceeded our targets in our South African operations on HDSA representation at management levels (43%) and gender diversity (14% females). Resources The resources we consider critical to achieving our strategic objectives include: • our people • our knowledge and expertise • our proven and probable reserves • our ﬁ nancial strength together with the committed and uncommitted borrowing facilities available to us. Our people The Group’s strategy remains centred on achieving world beating performance in all areas of our business with and through our people. We employ more than 125,000 people who are located in over 50 countries around the globe (excluding joint ventures and our independently managed businesses). Development Many of our operations are labour intensive, providing employment and economic advancement for previously disadvantaged communities. We invest in a number of local, regional and global schemes to offer training and education support in our employment catchment areas and during 2006 we provided bursaries to 1,150 students, enrolled 2,045 apprentices and offered employment to 560 graduates and over 2,700 other trainees. We entered a collaborative venture with the South African government and the South African technikons during 2006, which will expand our successful local and global university student work experience programmes to include over 200 additional trainee artisan placements per annum. The Group’s various work placement schemes have also become an important part of the Group’s strategy in securing a steady entry resourcing pipeline, particularly in scarce skills areas. Talent management During 2006 we conducted an audit of our talent management processes which are designed to plan for succession into business critical roles and identify and develop the key leadership people in our business. The outcome of the audit was a fundamental re-afﬁ rmation of our three tier approach to talent management (business level reviews feeding cross business functional reviews, which in turn inform our CEO led biannual strategic group talent reviews). The review processes have provided us with the opportunity to build our talent pools for succession into key positions, to accelerate the development of key members of the talent population and identify timeously where we need to supplement our internal resources with further breadth and depth of experience from outside the Group. Our portfolio of talent development programmes continues to grow in scope and sophistication as we partner with world leading providers of executive development. During 2006 we introduced further reﬁ nements to our high potential and senior management and executive programmes designed to challenge and equip our delegates at the intellectual, interpersonal and intercultural level. We believe that event based development constitutes only 10% of the learning opportunities that our Group has to offer, and have built in a rigorous requirement for our programme alumni and their sponsors to commit to ongoing development through stretch assignments in current roles and broadening career moves into different businesses and different geographies. In order to further enhance our ability to deliver compelling career growth opportunities within the Group we have embarked on a number of initiatives to facilitate cross business and cross country moves during 2007. Reward and retention The strength of demand in the commodity markets and the tight supply of key mining skills have meant that we have continued to pay close attention to a variety of mechanisms to attract and retain our people. These have included, but not been limited to, various pay and equity related schemes. During 2006 we have also concentrated on developing many of our managers’ motivational and leadership skills and on providing training and learning opportunities to our employees to enable them to enhance their own skills and careers. One of our key measures of employee retention is percentage voluntary labour turnover. On a Groupwide basis this has remained constant over the last three years (approximately 5%), and fell below 3% within our Group talent population in 2006. Anglo American plc Annual Report 2006 | 49 ANGLO AMERICAN plc ANNUAL REPORT 2006 OPERATING AND FINANCIAL REVIEW | RESOURCES While we have put in place some special reward retention measures for key targeted individuals, in general our Group reward processes remain closely aligned to our performance contract and development cycle, and our incentives are performance linked, at Board level and downwards. Our long term incentive programmes are benchmarked externally and are subject to regular review by the Remuneration Committee to ensure their ongoing appropriateness and effectiveness. Transformation in Anglo American We continue to make progress with our transformation programmes within our South African operations. We have increased the representation of historically disadvantaged South Africans (HDSAs) at management levels to 43% (target 40%). Women now constitute 14% of the workforce (target 10%) and 14% of the management ranks within our South African businesses. Increased emphasis and attention will need to be paid to the retention of our HDSA population. Within the Group as a whole our gender diversity proﬁ le continues to change, with increased numbers of female managers in 2006 (15%), and we recognise that further progress in this area is needed during 2007. During 2006 we followed up on the ﬁ ndings from the 2005 Employee Communication Survey which had indicated improvement in most of the indicators since the previous survey in 2002, but that further work was still needed in developing our managers and leaders, in securing increased understanding by employees of Company goals and targets, and in increasing internal collaboration and knowledge sharing. The further development and roll out of the Group’s worldwide intranet during 2006 is playing an increasingly important role in fostering wider understanding of the Group and encouraging networking and knowledge transfer across different geographies and businesses. Our knowledge and expertise Anglo American draws heavily on technology and research to maintain a lead in its key mining activities. Technology as a core competence adds signiﬁ cant value to operations, thereby enhancing shareholder value. It is important for signiﬁ cant research and development activity to be undertaken in house, although external partnerships are also of great value. The Anglo American Research Laboratory and the Anglo Platinum Research Centre have recently merged to form Anglo Research. The organisations are coming together on the same site, to derive maximum synergies and value adding beneﬁ ts. Anglo Research and Anglo Technical Division work closely alongside the operating divisions on continuous improvement programmes. At the other end of the spectrum, research focuses on cutting edge innovation and a number of pilot plants to test potential breakthrough technologies are in place or are at the design stage. In one innovative study, ﬁ nite-element analysis techniques are being used to identify potential areas of weakness in underground mining vehicles. Another project is investigating the use of microwaves and radio frequency heating to pre-condition ores before separation. A third is testing hyperspectral scanning technology as an aid to ore sorting. Removing waste rock before crushing and separation can reduce operating costs and boost throughput of value bearing ore. Safety needs are often an important component of research and Anglo Technical Division is looking into safety commissioning procedures for major processing plant such as mills, furnaces and solvent extraction plants, where incidents are more likely during initial start up or after change interventions. Other projects are aimed at improving energy efﬁ ciency or reducing environmental impact. Notably, Anglo Coal is studying a number of clean coal technologies to further the sustainable use of this fuel in long term environmentally friendly applications. 50 | Anglo American plc Annual Report 2006 Exploration Exploration is one of the key activities for the continued growth of Anglo American. The strong competition for resources globally has led the Group into more remote regions, to create exploration alliances and to apply new and innovative technology in its search for new mineral resources. In 2006, the Anglo American Group was active across 33 countries, including 111 alliances with 103 different entities in 25 countries. In 2006, Anglo Base Metals spent $53 million and has increased its exploration around its Chilean copper mines, adding signiﬁ cant resources at Los Bronces. Exploration to the south of Los Bronces continues to report signiﬁ cant intervals of copper mineralisation. In Brazil, further drilling at the Jacaré nickel discovery has indicated the potential for a major new nickel asset for the Company, while work continues in the Philippines to complete a pre-feasibility study at Boyongan by the end of 2007. At Gamsberg, South Africa, initial drilling of several key zinc targets has provided encouraging results. Copper exploration is being undertaken in Brazil, Chile, Indonesia, Mexico, Peru and the US. Nickel sulphide mineralisation is being sought in Arctic Canada, Russia and Scandinavia (through alliances) and zinc programmes continue in Australia, South Africa and Namibia. Anglo Platinum ($30 million) is exploring in and around existing operations in South Africa’s Bushveld Complex. Drilling continues at its Danba project in China, following encouraging exploration results. Anglo Coal ($24 million) is continuing to investigate resources for thermal and coking coal, coal bed methane and oil sands, mainly looking in southern Africa, China and Australia. Anglo Coal conducted advanced resource evaluations of the Xiwan project in China and projects in Canada and Australia. Anglo Ferrous Metals ($9 million) is exploring for iron ore in South Africa and other iron ore growth opportunities are being pursued. De Beers spent $140 million and is currently active in Angola, the Democratic Republic of Congo, Botswana, Canada, India, South Africa and Namibia. Ore reserves and mineral resources estimates Full details of our ore reserves and mineral resources estimates are found on pages 128 to 149. Anglo American plc Annual Report 2006 | 51 ANGLO AMERICAN plc ANNUAL REPORT 2006 OPERATING AND FINANCIAL REVIEW Principal risks and uncertainties Understanding our key risks and developing appropriate responses to those risks is key to Anglo American’s success Anglo American is exposed to a variety of risks and uncertainties which may have a ﬁ nancial or reputational impact on the Group and which may also impact the achievement of social, economic and environmental objectives. These risks include strategic, commercial, operational, compliance and ﬁ nancial risks. The principal risks and uncertainties facing the Group have been categorised into headline risk areas. The Group’s approach to risk management is set out in the corporate governance section on pages 59 to 65. The key headline risks identiﬁ ed for 2006/7, potential impacts on the Group and the mitigation strategies are summarised below. Key headline risks Safety, health and environment Mining is a hazardous industry and failure to adopt high levels of safety management can result in a number of negative outcomes; harm to our employees and the communities that live near our mines, harm to the environment as well as ﬁ nes and penalties, liability to employees and third parties for injury and loss of reputation. Anglo American sets a very high priority on safety, health and environmental issues. Anglo American recognises the HIV/AIDS epidemic in sub-Saharan Africa is a signiﬁ cant threat to economic growth and development. In 2002 the Group announced it would provide anti-retroviral therapy to employees with HIV/AIDS. Anglo American also invests considerable resources in research and development to minimise the impact the Group’s operations have on the environment, for example seeking ways to improve energy efﬁ ciency. The Group believes it must make an enduring contribution to the societies in which it operates, and implements principles of sustainable development. In doing so the Group aspires to forge good relationships with its local communities. Treasury risk management The Group’s principal treasury policies are set by the Board. The Board delegates responsibility for managing ﬁ nancial risk to the Executive Board. The Group treasury acts as a service centre and operates within clearly deﬁ ned guidelines that are approved by the Board. Treasury front ofﬁ ce and treasury back ofﬁ ce are segregated and report to separate executive positions. The Anglo American accounting department provides an independent control function to monitor and report on treasury activities, which are also subject to regular review by internal and external audit. The treasury operations of the Group’s listed subsidiaries are managed independently within the scope of the Group treasury policy. The treasury operations of the Group’s associates, De Beers and AngloGold Ashanti, are independently managed. The Group is exposed to liquidity risk arising from the need to ﬁ nance its ongoing operations. As a consequence of its global operations the Group is exposed to currency risk where transactions are not conducted in US dollars, where assets and liabilities are not determined in US dollars or where assets and liabilities are not US dollar denominated. Commodity prices determined primarily by international markets and global supply and demand give rise to commodity price risk across the Group. Cash deposits and other ﬁ nancial instruments, including trade receivables due from third parties, give rise to counterparty credit risk. Further details of these risks and their management are provided in note 24 to the ﬁ nancial statements. The main exchange rates giving rise to currency risk in the Group are shown on page 155. 52 | Anglo American plc Annual Report 2006 Sensitivity analysis in respect of currency and commodity prices Set out below is the impact on underlying earnings of a 10% ﬂ uctuation in some of the Group’s commodity prices and exchange rates. Commodity currency Average price/rate (6) 10% sensitivity US$ million(1) Gold Platinum Palladium Coal Copper Nickel Zinc Iron ore ZAR/USD AUD/USD CLP/USD Euro/USD GBP/USD 604 $/oz 1,142 $/oz 321 $/oz 51 $/t(2) 305 c/lb(3) 1,095 c/lb(3) 148 c/lb(3) 55 $/t(5) 6.77 1.33 530 0.80 0.54 ± 107 ± 159 ± 24 ± 186 ± 276(4) ± 37 ± 105 ± 52 ± 449 ± 72 ± 21 ± 60 ± 7 (1) Excludes the effect of any hedging activities. Stated after tax at marginal rate. Sensitivities are the average of the positive and negative and reﬂ ect the impact of a 10% change in the average prices received and exchange rates during 2006. Increases in commodity prices increase underlying earnings and vice versa. A strengthening of the rand, Australian dollar and Chilean peso relative to the US dollar reduces underlying earnings and vice versa. A strengthening of the euro and pound sterling relative to the US dollar increases underlying earnings and vice versa. (2) Average price represents RSA-API 4 index. Sensitivity reﬂ ects the impact of a 10% change in the average price across the entire Anglo Coal product portfolio. (3) Being the average LME price. Sensitivity reﬂ ects the impact of a 10% change in the average price received. (4) Copper sensitivity excludes the impact of provisionally priced copper from 2005. At 31 December 2006 there were 140,098 tonnes of provisionally priced copper sales, marked at 287 c/lb (2005: 136,095 tonnes, marked at 202 c/lb). (5) Average price represents iron ore lump. Sensitivity reﬂ ects the impact of a 10% change in the average price across lump and ﬁ ne. (6) ‘oz’ denotes ounces, ‘t’ denotes tonnes, ‘c’ denotes US cents, ‘lb’ denotes pounds. Supplier risk Supplier risk remains a concern for the mining industry. Procurement and supply chain excellence has been a major element of the Group’s activities since 2000 with the inception of Project Angelo which is discussed in more detail on page 31. Political, legal and regulatory Businesses may be affected by any political or regulatory developments in any of the countries and jurisdictions in which they operate, including changes to ﬁ scal regimes or other regulatory regimes, which may result in restrictions on the export of currency, expropriation of assets and imposition of royalties. The Group has no control over changes in local inﬂ ation, market interest rates or political acts or omissions which may deprive the Group of the economic beneﬁ ts of ownership of its assets. The Group actively monitors regulatory and policy developments. Event risk Damage to or breakdown of a physical asset including risk of ﬁ re and explosion, can result in loss of revenue or consequential losses. The Group’s operations can be exposed to natural risks such as extreme weather conditions. Specialist consultants are engaged to provide information regarding key event exposures and recommendations to reduce exposures. Anglo American seeks to purchase insurance to protect against catastrophic event risk though conditions in global insurance markets mean this is not always possible or economic at certain times. Anglo American plc Annual Report 2006 | 53 ANGLO AMERICAN plc ANNUAL REPORT 2006 OPERATING AND FINANCIAL REVIEW | PRINCIPAL RISKS AND UNCERTAINTIES Reserves and resources The Group’s mineral resources and ore reserves estimates are subject to a number of assumptions, including the price of commodities, production costs and recovery rates. Fluctuations in these variables may have an impact on the long term ﬁ nancial condition and prospects of the Group. In South Africa, the Minerals and Petroleum Resources Development Act (2002) provides for conversion of existing mining and exploration rights to ‘new order rights’. Conversion of these rights is subject to a variety of conditions and undertakings by the applicant, including employment, skills development and ownership by historically disadvantaged South Africans (HDSAs), speciﬁ cally 15% ownership by 2009 and 26% by 2014. Details of this conversion process and the Group’s policy on reporting of Ore Reserves and Mineral Resources with reference to the Act are expanded on in the speciﬁ c section on Ore Reserves and Mineral Resources estimates. Employees The ability to recruit, develop and retain the appropriate skills for Anglo American is made difﬁ cult by global competition for skilled labour amongst resource companies, particularly in periods of high commodity prices. A number of strategies are implemented to mitigate this risk including attention to an appropriate suite of reward and beneﬁ t structures and ongoing reﬁ nement of Anglo American as an attractive employee proposition. Operational performance Failure to meet production targets results in increased unit costs. The impact is more pronounced at operations with a high level of ﬁ xed costs. Mitigation strategies include efforts to secure strategic supplies at competitive prices, energy reduction, increased use of green energy and sale of excess emission credits, use of cheaper alternative inputs, application of group water management guidelines and business improvement initiatives to reduce unit costs. In addition, the Group manages a strong project pipeline. In doing so the Group must manage the associated risk of meeting project delivery times and costs. Acquisitions The Group has undertaken a number of acquisitions in the past. With these, as with any such future transaction, there is the risk that any beneﬁ ts or synergies identiﬁ ed at acquisition may not be achieved. Rigorous guidelines are applied to the evaluation and execution of all acquisitions, which require approval of the Investment Committee and Executive Board and, in the case of acquisitions beyond a certain value, the approval of the Board. Infrastructure Inadequate supporting facilities, services, installations (water, power, transportation, etc.) may impact the sustainability and/or growth of the business, leading to loss of competitiveness, market share and reputation. Anglo American promotes early development of strategy and alignment with infrastructure owner/operator, development of relationships, participation in industry groups and lobbying to ensure effective provision of services by key utility providers. Critical accounting judgements and key sources of estimation and uncertainty In the process of applying the Group’s accounting policies, which are presented in note 1 to the ﬁ nancial statements, management necessarily makes judgements and estimates that have a signiﬁ cant effect on the amounts recognised in the ﬁ nancial statements. Changes in the assumptions underlying the estimates could result in a signiﬁ cant impact on the ﬁ nancial statements. The most critical of these are: Useful economic lives of assets and ore reserves estimates The Group’s mining properties, classiﬁ ed within tangible assets, are depreciated over the respective life of the mine using the unit of production (UOP) method based on proven and probable reserves. When determining ore reserves, assumptions that were valid at the time of estimation may change when new information becomes available. Any changes could affect prospective depreciation rates and asset carrying values. The calculation of the UOP rate of amortisation could be impacted to the extent that actual production in the future is different from current forecast production based on proven and probable mineral reserves. 54 | Anglo American plc Annual Report 2006 These factors could include: the grade of mineral reserves varying signiﬁ cantly from time to time; • changes of proven and probable mineral reserves; • • differences between actual commodity prices and commodity price assumptions used in the estimation • unforeseen operational issues at mine sites; and • changes in capital, operating mining, processing and reclamation costs, discount rates and foreign exchange rates possibly adversely affecting the economic viability of mineral reserves. of mineral reserves; The majority of other tangible assets are depreciated on a straight line basis over their useful economic lives. Management reviews the appropriateness of assets useful economic lives at least annually and, again, any changes could affect prospective depreciation rates and asset carrying values. Impairment of assets The Group reviews the carrying amounts of its tangible and intangible assets to determine whether there is any indication that those assets are impaired. In making the assessment for impairment, assets that do not generate independent cash ﬂ ows are allocated to an appropriate cash generating unit (CGU). The recoverable amount of those assets, or CGU, is measured as the higher of their fair value less costs to sell and value in use. Management necessarily applies its judgement in allocating assets that do not generate independent cash ﬂ ows to appropriate CGUs, and also in estimating the timing and value of underlying cash ﬂ ows within the value in use calculation. Subsequent changes to the CGU allocation or to the timing of cash ﬂ ows could impact the carrying value of the respective assets. Restoration, rehabilitation and environmental costs Provision is made, based on net present values, for restoration, rehabilitation and environmental costs as soon as the obligation arises. Costs incurred at the start of each project are capitalised and charged to the income statement over the life of the project through depreciation of the asset and the unwinding of the discount on the provision. Costs for restoration of subsequent site damage are provided at net present value and charged against proﬁ ts as extraction progresses. Environmental costs are estimated using either the work of external consultants or internal experts. Management uses its judgement and experience to provide for and amortise these estimated costs over the life of the mine. Retirement beneﬁ ts The expected costs of providing pensions and post retirement beneﬁ ts under deﬁ ned beneﬁ t arrangements relating to employee service during the period are charged to the income statement. Any actuarial gains and losses, which can arise from differences between expected and actual outcomes or changes in actuarial assumptions, are recognised immediately in the consolidated statement of recognised income and expense. Assumptions in respect of the expected costs are set after consultation with qualiﬁ ed actuaries. While management believes the assumptions used are appropriate, a change in the assumptions used would impact the earnings of the Group. Special items Operating special items are those that management considers, by virtue of their size or incidence, should be disclosed separately to ensure that the ﬁ nancial information also allows an understanding of the underlying performance of the business. The determination as to which items should be disclosed separately requires a degree of judgement. Anglo American plc Annual Report 2006 | 55 ANGLO AMERICAN plc ANNUAL REPORT 2006 DIRECTORS REPORT 56 | Anglo American plc Annual Report 2006 Directors’ report The directors have pleasure in submitting the statutory ﬁ nancial statements of the Group for the year ended 31 December 2006. Principal activities and business review Anglo American plc is the holding company of the Anglo American Group, a global leader in mining with a range of high quality core businesses covering platinum, diamonds, coal, base metals, ferrous metals and industrial minerals. More detailed information about the Group’s businesses, activities and ﬁ nancial performance can be found in the chairman’s and chief executive’s statements, and the operating and ﬁ nancial review on pages 4 to 55. The information required by the amendment to the Companies Act in respect of an Enhanced Business Review is also set out in the operating and ﬁ nancial review. Going concern The Group’s business is a going concern as interpreted by the Guidance on Going Concern and Financial Reporting for directors of listed companies registered in the UK, published in November 1994. Dividends An interim dividend (including a special dividend of 67 US cents per ordinary share) totalling 100 US cents per ordinary share was paid on 21 September 2006. The directors are recommending that a ﬁ nal dividend of 75 US cents per ordinary share be paid on 3 May 2007 subject to shareholder approval at the AGM to be held on 17 April 2007. This would bring the total dividend in respect of 2006 to 175 US cents per ordinary share. However, in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS), the ﬁ nal dividend will be accounted for in the ﬁ nancial statements for the year ended 31 December 2007. Three shareholders have waived their rights to receive dividends. In each case, these shareholders act as trustees/nominees holding shares for use solely in relation to the Group’s employee share plans. These shareholders and the value of dividends waived during the year were; Greenwood Nominees Limited Security Nominees Limited Rose Nominees Limited $52,915,331 $174,219 $36,662 Share capital The Company’s authorised and issued share capital as at 31 December 2006, together with details of shares allotted during the year, is set out in note 28 on page 113. The Company was authorised by shareholders at the 2006 AGM to purchase its own shares in the market up to a maximum of 10% of the issued share capital. This authority will expire at the 2007 AGM and a resolution to renew it for a further year will be proposed. As at 20 February 2007, 55,485,838 shares, representing 3.73% of the issued share capital, had been purchased under this authority. Material shareholdings Details of interests of 3% or more in the ordinary share capital of the Company are shown within the shareholder information section of the Notice of Meeting 2007. Directors Biographical details of the directors currently serving on the Board are given on pages 24 and 25 of the Annual Review. Details of directors’ interests in shares and share options of any Group company can be found in the remuneration committee’s report on pages 66 to 83. Peter Woicke and Mamphela Ramphele joined the Board on 1 January 2006 and 25 April 2006 respectively. Dr Maria Silvia Bastos Marques retired from the Board at the conclusion of the AGM on 25 April 2006. Cynthia Carroll was appointed to the Board with effect from 15 January 2007 and will be proposed for election at the forthcoming AGM. She will succeed Tony Trahar as Group chief executive on 1 March 2007. Tony Trahar will retire from the Board at the conclusion of the AGM on 17 April 2007. Chris Fay, Sir Rob Margetts and Nicky Oppenheimer will be proposed for re-election at the forthcoming AGM. Sustainable development The Anglo American Report to Society 2006 will be available in April. This report focuses on the safety, sustainable development, health and environmental performance of the Group’s managed operations, their performance with regard to the Company’s Good Citizenship: Our Business Principles and their community development social programmes. Payment of suppliers Anglo American plc is a holding company and, as such, has no trade creditors. Businesses across the Group are responsible for agreeing the terms under which transactions with their suppliers are conducted, reﬂ ecting local and industry norms. The Group expects its regular and signiﬁ cant suppliers to perform to standards comparable to those set out in the Good Citizenship: Our Business Principles. The Group values its suppliers and recognises the beneﬁ ts to be derived from maintaining good relationships with them. Anglo American acknowledges the importance of paying invoices, especially those of small businesses, promptly. Value of land Land is mainly carried in the ﬁ nancial statements at cost. It is not practicable to estimate the market value of land and mineral rights, since these depend on product prices over the next 20 years or longer, which will vary with market conditions. Post balance sheet events Post balance sheet events are set out in note 39 to the ﬁ nancial statements on page 124. Audit information Each director has conﬁ rmed that, so far as they are aware, there is no relevant audit information of which the auditors are unaware and that each director has taken all reasonable steps to make themselves aware of any relevant audit information and to establish that the auditors are aware of that information. Employment and other policies The Anglo American Group is managed along decentralised lines. Each key operating business is empowered to manage, within the context of its own industry, and the different legislative and social demands of the diverse countries in which those businesses operate, subject to the standards embodied in Anglo American’s Good Citizenship: Our Business Principles. Within all the Group’s businesses, the safe and effective performance of employees and the maintenance of positive employee relations are of fundamental importance. Managers are charged with ensuring that the following key principles are upheld: punishment or other abuse; • adherence, as a minimum, to national legal standards on employment and workplace rights at all times; • adoption of fair labour practices; • prohibition of child labour; • prohibition of inhumane treatment of employees and any form of forced or bonded labour, physical • continual promotion of safe and healthy working practices; • promotion of workplace equality and elimination of all forms of unfair discrimination; • provision of opportunities for employees to enhance their work-related skills and capabilities; • • adoption of fair and appropriate procedures for determining terms and conditions of employment. recognition of the right of our employees to freedom of association; and Copies of the Good Citizenship: Our Business Principles booklet are available from the Company and may be accessed on the Company’s website – www.angloamerican.co.uk As in previous years, numerous employee communication and education initiatives and workshops took place covering, amongst others, safety, sustainable development, ﬁ nancial results and Group strategy. The aim was to inform and consult employees on matters of concern to them and to raise awareness of ﬁ nancial and economic factors affecting the performance of the Group. Anglo American plc Annual Report 2006 | 57 ANGLO AMERICAN plc ANNUAL REPORT 2006 DIRECTORS’ REPORT In addition, the Company regularly publishes Optima (available on the Company’s website) and AngloWorld, which contain items of news, current affairs and information relevant to Group employees. During the year, the Company continued to enhance the new enterprise information portal – thesource – aimed at promoting knowledge-sharing across the Group and keeping employees up to date with developments in those business sectors in which the Group is active. The availability of thesource continues to grow and it is now available to over 13,000 computer-connected employees across the Group. Following a Groupwide communication and culture survey in 2005 measures have been implemented to address weaknesses identiﬁ ed and a number of business units also undertook climate surveys amongst their workforces in 2006. Charitable donations During the year, Anglo American and its subsidiaries made donations for charitable purposes or wider social investments amounting to $50.3 million (0.6% of pre-tax proﬁ t). Charitable donations of $2.7 million were made in the UK, consisting of payments in respect of education, sport and youth $0.8 million (29%); community development $0.4 million (15%); health and HIV/AIDS $0.3 million (11%); environment $0.2 million (8%); arts, culture and heritage $0.2 million (8%); housing/homelessness $0.2 million (8%) and other charitable causes $0.6 million (21%). These ﬁ gures were compiled with reference to the London Benchmarking Group model for deﬁ ning and measuring social investment spending. A fuller analysis of the Group’s social investment activities can be found in the 2006 Report to Society. Political donations No political donations were made during 2006. Anglo American has an established policy of not making donations to, or incurring expenses for the beneﬁ t of, any UK political party or any other EU political organisation as deﬁ ned in the Political Parties, Elections and Referendums Act 2000. Annual general meeting The AGM will be held on 17 April 2007. A separate booklet enclosed with this report contains the notice convening the meeting together with a description of the business to be conducted. By order of the Board Nicholas Jordan Company Secretary 20 February 2007 58 | Anglo American plc Annual Report 2006 CORPORATE GOVERNANCE Corporate governance Combined Code compliance Anglo American is committed to the highest standards of corporate governance and complied fully with the Combined Code on Corporate Governance (the ‘Code’) throughout the year under review. Role of the Board The Board of directors is accountable to shareholders for the performance of the Company. Its role includes the establishment, review and monitoring of strategic objectives, approval of major acquisitions, disposals and capital expenditure and oversight of the Group’s systems of internal control, governance and risk management. A schedule of matters reserved for the Board’s decision details key aspects of the Company’s affairs that the Board does not delegate (including, among other things, approval of business plans and budgets, material expenditure and alterations to share capital). Board composition and directors’ independence The Board is chaired by Sir Mark Moody-Stuart. The Chairman is responsible for leading the Board and for its effectiveness. And the Chief Executive is responsible for the execution of strategy and the day-to-day management of the Group, supported by the Executive Board which the Chief Executive chairs. Sir Rob Margetts is the senior independent non-executive director. The Board has a strong independent element and currently comprises, in addition to the chairman, ﬁ ve executive and ten non-executive directors, eight of whom are independent according to the deﬁ nition contained in the Code. The independent directors are indicated within the table on the following page, and full biographical details for each director are given in the Annual Review. The letters of appointment of the non-executive directors are available for inspection at the registered ofﬁ ce of the Company. The Company is conscious of the need to maintain an appropriate mix of skills and experience on the Board, and to refresh progressively its composition over time. In this respect, 2006 saw the appointment of Peter Woicke and Mamphela Ramphele as new independent non-executive directors. Maria Silvia Bastos Marques retired from the Board at the 2006 AGM. Cynthia Carroll was appointed to the Board as an executive director on 15 January 2007 and will succeed Tony Trahar as Chief Executive on 1 March 2007. Tony Trahar will retire from the Board at the conclusion of the 2007 AGM. Chris Fay and Sir Rob Margetts will be proposed for re-election at the AGM in 2007. Each has served two three-year terms as an independent non-executive director, having been ﬁ rst appointed during 1999, and hence their nomination for re-election has been subject to particularly rigorous review. Chris Fay chairs the Safety and Sustainable Development Committee and serves as a member of the Audit and Remuneration Committees. Sir Rob Margetts is the senior independent non-executive director, chairs the Remuneration Committee and is a member of the Nomination Committee. The Board values their wide experience and contributions, which remain robustly independent. The last two years have seen the appointment of four new executive directors and three new non-executive directors, and the retirement of two executive directors and three non-executive directors. The Company therefore considers its programme of progressively refreshing the composition of the Board remains effective. Anglo American plc Annual Report 2006 | 59 ANGLO AMERICAN plc ANNUAL REPORT 2006 CORPORATE GOVERNANCE 60 | Anglo American plc Annual Report 2006 Frequency of meetings The Board met nine times in 2006, the Audit Committee three times, the Nomination Committee seven times, the Safety and Sustainable Development Committees ﬁ ve times and the Remuneration Committee six times. The Company estimates that the non-executive directors devoted around 25 days each to the Group during the year. Directors’ attendance was as follows: Independent in terms of Code? Board (nine meetings) Audit (three meetings) S&SD (ﬁ ve meetings) Remuneration (six meetings) Nomination (seven meetings) Sir Mark Moody-Stuart A J Trahar C B Carroll(1) D A Hathorn R Médori S R Thompson(2) R C Alexander(2) D J Challen C E Fay R M Godsell(3) Sir Rob Margetts(2) M S Bastos Marques K A L M Van Miert N F Oppenheimer(3) F T M Phaswana(3) M Ramphele P Woicke(3) n/a No No No No No Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes Yes All All n/a All All 8 8 All All 7 8 All(4) 8 6 7 All 8 n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a All All n/a All n/a All n/a 2 n/a 1 All All n/a n/a n/a n/a 4 n/a 4 3 n/a 1(4) n/a n/a n/a All n/a (4) All n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a All All n/a All n/a n/a n/a All n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a 6 n/a 5 6 (4) All n/a n/a All All(4) All (1) Cynthia Carroll was appointed with effect from 15 January 2007. (2) Sir Rob Margetts, Simon Thompson and Ralph Alexander were unable to attend one meeting due to communications problems. (3) Bobby Godsell, Nicky Oppenheimer, Fred Phaswana and Peter Woicke each missed one meeting, called at short notice, due to travel commitments. (4) Meetings attended prior to retirement or since appointment. Directors’ training Anglo American’s directors have a wide range of expertise as well as signiﬁ cant experience in strategic, ﬁ nancial, commercial and mining activities. Training and brieﬁ ngs are also available to all directors on appointment and subsequently, as necessary, taking into account existing qualiﬁ cations and experience. Directors also have access to management, and to the advice of the company secretary. Furthermore, all directors are entitled to seek independent professional advice concerning the affairs of Anglo American at its expense, although no such advice was sought during 2006. Presentations are made to the Board by business management on the activities of operations. Directors undertake regular visits to operations and projects and, in 2006, operations in Australia, China, the Middle East and South Africa were visited. In addition, during the year directors attended a variety of courses/seminars on subjects including international reporting standards, risk management, remuneration and pensions. Following her appointment in January 2007, Cynthia Carroll undertook a wide-ranging programme to introduce her to the Group’s operations across the world. This programme included visits to operations in South America, Africa and Australia and intensive and detailed brieﬁ ngs from senior operational management. Mrs Carroll was also briefed on, inter alia, legal and regulatory matters affecting the Group and the Group’s corporate responsibility agenda. Board effectiveness A formal evaluation of the performance of the Board, its committees and individual directors is carried out annually by means of detailed questionnaires and interviews. Once again in 2006, the results of the evaluation were collated and analysed by an independent reviewer (from the London Business School) and were presented to the Board. The aim is to ensure continuous improvement in the functioning of the Board. The analysis conﬁ rmed that the Board and its committees were functioning correctly. As in past years, the evaluation process also included a review, chaired by the senior independent non-executive director (without the chairman present), of the performance of the chairman. As a result of this year’s evaluation the Board has agreed to enhance the existing programme of activities aimed at updating the directors’ knowledge and familiarity with the management and operations of the Group. Committees of the Board Subject to those matters reserved for its decision, the Board delegates certain responsibilities to a number of standing committees – the Audit, Remuneration, Nomination and Safety & Sustainable Development Committees. The terms of reference for each of these committees are published on the Company’s website. Remuneration Committee The Remuneration Committee is responsible for establishing and developing the Group’s general policy on executive and senior management remuneration and determining speciﬁ c remuneration packages for executive directors. The directors’ remuneration report, setting out Anglo American’s policy on executive remuneration, is set out on pages 66 to 83 of this Annual Report. A resolution to approve the remuneration report will be proposed at the forthcoming AGM. The Remuneration Committee presently comprises: Sir Rob Margetts (chairman), David Challen and Chris Fay, all of whom are independent non-executive directors, and Sir Mark Moody-Stuart. Safety & Sustainable Development Committee (S&SD) The S&SD Committee is responsible for developing framework policies and guidelines for the management of sustainable development issues, including safety, health and environment matters, and ensuring their progressive implementation throughout the Group. The S&SD Committee normally meets three or four times each year, including a visit to an operation, and all directors and business unit heads are invited to attend Committee meetings. Each business unit head makes a safety and sustainable development presentation to the Committee. A separate 2006 Report to Society will be published in April. This report focuses on the safety, sustainable development, health and environmental performance of the Group’s managed operations, their performance with regard to the Company’s Good Citizenship principles and the operational dimensions of their social programmes. The S&SD Committee presently comprises: Chris Fay (chairman), Ralph Alexander, Bobby Godsell, Sir Mark Moody-Stuart, Bill Nairn, Tony Redman, Tony Trahar and Mamphela Ramphele. Nomination Committee The Nomination Committee makes recommendations to the Board on the appointment of new executive and non-executive directors, including making recommendations as to the composition of the Board and its committees and the balance between executive and non-executive directors. The Nomination Committee meets as and when required and engages external consultants to identify appropriate candidates, following a transparent procedure designed to ensure that new appointments comply with the principles laid out in the Combined Code. During the year, the Committee managed the selection and appointment of Cynthia Carroll as the Group’s new chief executive, and of Mamphela Ramphele as a new independent non-executive director. The selection of candidates for appointment to the Board is based on merit, experience and a series of objective criteria set by the Committee at the inception of the process. The Board, via the Nomination Committee, has taken steps to ensure that the human resources function of the Group regularly reviews and updates the succession plans of directors and senior managers. The Nomination Committee presently comprises: Fred Phaswana (chairman), Sir Rob Margetts, Sir Mark Moody-Stuart, Nicky Oppenheimer, Karel Van Miert, Mamphela Ramphele and Peter Woicke. In accordance with the provisions of the Combined Code, the majority of members and the chairman of the Committee are independent non-executive directors. Audit Committee The primary role of the Audit Committee is to ensure the integrity of ﬁ nancial reporting and the audit process, and that a sound risk management and system of internal control is maintained. In pursuing these objectives, the Audit Committee oversees relations with the external auditors and reviews the effectiveness of the internal audit function including their annual plan. The Committee also monitors developments in corporate governance to ensure the Group continues to apply high and appropriate standards. In fulﬁ lling its responsibility of monitoring the integrity of ﬁ nancial reports to shareholders, the Audit Committee has reviewed accounting principles, policies and practices adopted in the preparation of public ﬁ nancial information and has examined documentation relating to the Annual Report, Annual Review, Interim Report, preliminary announcements and related public reports. The clarity of disclosures included in the ﬁ nancial statements was reviewed by the Audit Committee, as was the basis for signiﬁ cant estimates and judgements. In assessing the accounting treatment of major transactions open to different approaches, the Committee considered written reports by management and the external auditors. The Committee’s recommendations are submitted to the Board for approval. Anglo American plc Annual Report 2006 | 61 ANGLO AMERICAN plc ANNUAL REPORT 2006 CORPORATE GOVERNANCE The chief ﬁ nancial ofﬁ cers of all operations have provided conﬁ rmation, on a six monthly basis, that ﬁ nancial and accounting internal control systems operate satisfactorily. The Committee considered summaries of the signiﬁ cant risk and control issues arising from these reports. The Committee also received regular internal and external audit reports on the results of audits at various operations. Further information on risk management processes is provided in the internal control disclosure statement on page 63. External audit Anglo American’s policy on auditors’ independence, which came into effect on 1 January 2003, is consistent with the ethical standards published by the Auditing Practices Board in December 2004. A key factor that may impair auditors’ independence is a lack of control over non-audit services provided by the external auditors. In essence, the external auditors’ independence is deemed to be impaired if the auditors provide a service which: results in auditing of own work by the auditors; results in the auditors acting as a manager or employee of the Group; • • • puts the auditors in the role of advocate for the Group; or • creates a mutuality of interest between the auditors and the Group. Anglo American addresses this issue through three primary measures, namely: the prohibition of selected services; and • disclosure of the extent and nature of non-audit services; • • prior approval by the Audit Committee chairman of non-audit services where the cost of the proposed assignment is likely to exceed $50,000. Disclosure entails reporting non-audit services to the Group’s audit committees and inclusion of prescribed detail, i.e. the breakdown of fees paid to external auditors for audit and non-audit work in the Annual Reports of listed entities. The policy’s deﬁ nition of prohibited non-audit services corresponds with the European Commission’s recommendations on auditors’ independence. Other safeguards encapsulated in the policy include: • the external auditors are required to adhere to a rotation policy based on best practice and professional standards in the UK. The standard period for rotation of the audit engagement partner is ﬁ ve years and, for any key audit principal, seven years; • any partner designated as a key audit principal of Anglo American will not be employed by Anglo American in a key management position unless a period of at least two years has elapsed since the conclusion of the last relevant audit; the external auditors are required to periodically assess, in their professional judgement, whether they are independent from the Group; the Audit Committee ensures that the scope of the auditors’ work is sufﬁ cient and that the auditors are fairly remunerated; the Audit Committee has primary responsibility for making recommendations to the Board on the appointment, reappointment and removal of the external auditors; and the Audit Committee has the authority to engage independent counsel and other advisors as they determine necessary in order to resolve issues on auditor independence. • • • • The Audit Committee has satisﬁ ed itself that the United Kingdom professional and regulatory requirements for audit partner rotation and employment of former employees of the external auditors have been complied with. The Audit Committee considered information pertaining to the balance between fees for audit and non-audit work for the Group in 2006 and concluded that the nature and extent of non-audit fees do not present a threat to the external auditors’ independence. Furthermore, after reviewing a report from the external auditors on all their relationships with Anglo American that might reasonably have a bearing on the external auditors’ independence and the audit engagement partner and staff’s objectivity, and the related safeguards and procedures, the Committee has concluded that the external auditors’ independence was not impaired. The Audit Committee approved the external auditors’ terms of engagement, scope of work, the process for the 2006 interim review, the annual audit and the applicable levels of materiality. Based on written reports submitted, the Committee reviewed, with the external auditors, the ﬁ ndings of their work and conﬁ rmed that all signiﬁ cant matters had been satisfactorily resolved. The Committee’s assessment of the external auditors’ performance and independence underpins its recommendation to the Board to propose to shareholders the re-appointment of Deloitte & Touche LLP as auditors until the conclusion of the AGM in 2008. Resolutions to authorise the Board to re-appoint and determine their remuneration will be proposed at the AGM on 17 April 2007. 62 | Anglo American plc Annual Report 2006 Internal audit Internal audit functions operated in all of the Group’s principal divisions in the period under review. Following the completion of an independent peer review of the internal audit function early in 2006 the Board approved an overall strategy for internal audit which was implemented during the year under review. The key outcomes were: With the exclusion of non-managed businesses, notably AngloGold Ashanti, De Beers and select joint ventures, internal audit has been restructured to form an integrated Group internal audit function to strengthen internal audit independence. Internal audit work is prioritised through an integrated, risk based and Group-wide assurance plan aimed at providing assurance inclusive of the Group and divisional audit committees’ assurance requirements. Internal audit coverage within the divisions continues to be approved by the relevant divisional audit committees and each audit committee considers reports on the results of internal audit work performed. Internal audit has been mandated to own the overall Group assurance plan and to coordinate assurance provided by other parties which may necessitate additional review and validation of assurances to the Board. The revised internal audit arrangements will ensure comprehensive assurance coverage of key business risks by all service providers, including internal audit. The new audit arrangements give internal auditors signiﬁ cantly enhanced prospects through improved career development opportunities, pooling of knowledge and dissemination of best practice. The internal audit activities are performed either by teams of appropriate, qualiﬁ ed and experienced employees, or through the engagement of external practitioners upon speciﬁ ed and agreed terms. Assurance regarding the accuracy and reliability of mineral resources and ore reserves disclosures is provided through a combination of internal technically proﬁ cient staff and independent third parties. A summary of audit results and risk-management information was presented to the Committee at regular intervals throughout the year. The Group’s internal audit arrangements are independently reviewed every three years. Composition The Audit Committee presently comprises: David Challen (chairman), Chris Fay, Karel Van Miert, Fred Phaswana and Peter Woicke, all of whom are independent non-executive directors. The Board, in consultation with the Audit Committee chairman, makes appointments to the Committee. The Board has determined that the Committee members have the skills and experience necessary to contribute meaningfully to the Committee’s deliberations. In addition, the chairman has requisite experience in accounting and ﬁ nancial management. The Committee met three times during 2006, and on two of those occasions the members held discussions with the external audit partners and the head of internal audit in the absence of management. Effectiveness of internal control and risk management The Executive Board, as mandated by the Board, has established a Group-wide system of internal control to manage signiﬁ cant Group risks. This system, which has been operating throughout the year and to the date of this report, supports the Board in discharging its responsibility for ensuring that the wide range of risks associated with the Group’s diverse international operations is effectively managed in support of the creation and preservation of shareholder wealth. Where appropriate, necessary action has been or is being taken to remedy any failings or weaknesses identiﬁ ed from review of the effectiveness of the internal control system. Internal control The system of internal control, which is embedded in all key operations, provides reasonable rather than absolute assurance that the Group’s business objectives will be achieved within the risk tolerance levels deﬁ ned by the Board. Regular management reporting, which provides a balanced assessment of key risks and controls, is an important component of Board assurance. In addition, certain Board committees focus on speciﬁ c risks such as safety and capital investment and provide assurance to the Board on those matters. The chief ﬁ nancial ofﬁ cers provide conﬁ rmation, on a six monthly basis, that ﬁ nancial and accounting control frameworks have operated satisfactorily. The Board also receives assurance from the Audit Committee, which derives its information, in part, from regular internal and external audit reports on risk and internal control throughout the Group. A process is in place within the Group to ensure that all internal audit ﬁ ndings are cleared. The Group’s internal audit function has a formal collaboration process in place with the external auditors to ensure efﬁ cient coverage of internal controls. The Anglo American internal audit function is responsible for providing independent assurance to the Executive Board and the Board on the effectiveness of the risk management process throughout the Group. Anglo American plc Annual Report 2006 | 63 ANGLO AMERICAN plc ANNUAL REPORT 2006 CORPORATE GOVERNANCE 64 | Anglo American plc Annual Report 2006 Anglo American seeks to have a sound system of internal control, based on the Group’s policies and guidelines, in all material associates and joint ventures. In those companies that are independently managed, as well as joint ventures, the directors who are represented on these organisations’ boards seek assurance that signiﬁ cant risks are being managed. Risk management The Board’s policy on risk management encompasses all signiﬁ cant business risks to the Group, including, ﬁ nancial, operational and compliance risk, which could undermine the achievement of business objectives. This system of risk management is designed so that the different businesses are able to tailor and adapt their risk management processes to suit their speciﬁ c circumstances. This ﬂ exible approach has the commitment of the Group’s senior management. There is clear accountability for risk management, which is a key performance area of line managers throughout the Group. The requisite risk and control capability is assured through Board challenge and appropriate management selection and skills development. Managers are supported in giving effect to their risk responsibilities through policies and guidelines on risk and control management. Continuous monitoring of risk and control processes, across headline risk areas and other business-speciﬁ c risk areas, provides the basis for regular and exception reporting to business management and boards, the Executive Board and the Board. Key headline risk areas have been elaborated upon in the operating and ﬁ nancial review, set out on page 9 to 55. The risk assessment and reporting criteria are designed to provide the Board with a consistent, Group-wide perspective of the key risks. The reports to the Board, which are submitted at least every six months, include an assessment of the likelihood and impact of risks materialising, as well as risk mitigation initiatives. In conducting its annual review of the effectiveness of risk management, the Board considers the key ﬁ ndings from the ongoing monitoring and reporting processes, management assertions and independent assurance reports. The Board also takes account of material changes and trends in the risk proﬁ le and considers whether the control system, including reporting, adequately supports the Board in achieving its risk management objectives. During the course of the year the Board considered the Group’s responsiveness to changes within its business environment. The Board is satisﬁ ed that there is an ongoing process, which has been operational during the year, and up to the date of approval of the Annual Report, for identifying, evaluating and managing the signiﬁ cant risks faced by the Group in accordance with the Turnbull guidelines. This includes social, environmental and ethical risks as highlighted in the Disclosure Guidelines on Socially Responsible Investment issued by the Association of British Insurers. A detailed report on social, environmental and ethical issues will be included in the Company’s Report to Society 2006. Accountability and audit The Board is required to present a balanced and understandable assessment of Anglo American’s ﬁ nancial position and prospects. Such assessment is provided in the chairman’s and chief executive’s statements and the operating and ﬁ nancial review set out on pages 4 to 55 of this Annual Report. The respective responsibilities of the directors and external auditors are set out on page 86. As referred to in the directors’ report on page 56, the directors have expressed their view that Anglo American’s business is a going concern. Whistleblowing programme Following adoption in December 2003 of a whistleblowing policy that is aligned with the Public Interest Disclosure Act 1998, the Group has implemented a whistleblowing programme in virtually all of the managed operations. The programme, which is monitored by the Audit Committee, is aimed at enabling employees, customers, suppliers, managers or other stakeholders, on a conﬁ dential basis, to raise concerns in cases where conduct is deemed to be contrary to our values. It may include: • actions that may result in danger to the health and/or safety of people or damage to the environment; • unethical practice in accounting, internal accounting controls, ﬁ nancial reporting and auditing matters; • criminal offences, including money laundering, fraud, bribery and corruption; • failure to comply with any legal obligation; • miscarriage of justice; • any conduct contrary to the ethical principles embraced in our Good Citizenship: Our Business Principles • any other legal or ethical concern; and • concealment of any of the above. or any similar policy; The programme makes available a selection of telephonic, e-mail, web-based and surface mail communication channels to any person in the world who has information about unethical practice in Anglo American and its managed operations. The multilingual communication facilities are operated by independent service providers who remove all indications from information received as to the identity of the callers before submission to designated persons in the Group. During 2006, 181 reports were received via the global Speakup facility, covering a broad spectrum of concerns, including ethical, criminal, supplier relationships, health and safety, and human resource-type issues. Reports received were kept strictly conﬁ dential and were referred to appropriate line managers within the Group for resolution. Where appropriate, action was taken to address the issues raised. Executive management Executive Board The Executive Board is responsible for implementing the strategies and policies determined by the Board, managing the business and affairs of the Company, prioritising the allocation of capital, technical and human resources and establishing best management practices. The Executive Board is also responsible for senior management appointments and monitoring their performance and acts as the Anglo American risk committee for the purpose of reviewing and monitoring Anglo American’s systems of internal control. The Executive Board presently comprises: Tony Trahar (chairman), Cynthia Carroll, Philip Baum, David Hathorn, Ralph Havenstein, Russell King, René Médori, Tony Redman and Simon Thompson. Cynthia Carroll will become chairman of the Executive Board on 1 March 2007. Investment Committee The role of the Investment Committee, which is a sub-committee of the Executive Board, is to manage the process of capital allocation by ensuring that investments and divestments increase shareholder value and meet Anglo American’s ﬁ nancial criteria. The Committee makes recommendations to the Executive Board and/or the Board on these matters. The Committee meets as required. The Investment Committee presently comprises: René Médori (chairman), Simon Thompson, Tony Redman and Peter Whitcutt. Relations with shareholders The Company maintains an active dialogue with its key ﬁ nancial audiences, including institutional shareholders and sell-side analysts. The Investor and Corporate Affairs department manages the ongoing dialogue with these audiences and regular presentations take place at the time of interim and ﬁ nal results as well as during the rest of the year. An active programme with potential shareholders is also maintained. Any concerns raised by a shareholder in relation to the Company and its affairs are communicated to the Board as a whole. The Board is briefed on a regular basis by the Investor and Corporate Affairs department and analysts’ reports are circulated to the directors. During the year there have been regular presentations and meetings with institutional investors in the UK, South Africa, continental Europe, Australia, the US and Canada to communicate the strategy and performance of Anglo American. Executive directors as well as key corporate ofﬁ cers host such presentations and meetings. The chairman, senior independent non-executive director and other non- executive directors are also available to shareholders to discuss any matter they wish to raise. The Company’s website provides the latest and historical ﬁ nancial and other information on Anglo American. Shareholders will have the opportunity at the forthcoming AGM, notice of which is contained in the booklet enclosed herewith, to put questions to the Board, including the chairmen of the various committees. Facilities have been put in place to enable shareholders on the UK register to receive communications electronically rather than by mail and, for those unable to attend the meeting, to cast their AGM votes by electronic means including those shareholders whose shares are held in the CREST system. Voting on each resolution to be proposed at the AGM will be conducted on a poll rather than by a show of hands. The results of the poll will be announced to the press and on the Company’s website. Anglo American plc Annual Report 2006 | 65 ANGLO AMERICAN plc ANNUAL REPORT 2006 REMUNERATION REPORT 66 | Anglo American plc Annual Report 2006 Remuneration report 1. Remuneration Committee This report sets out the Company’s remuneration policy and practice for executive directors. It provides details of the remuneration and share interests of all executive directors and non-executive directors for the year ended 31 December 2006. 1.1 Role of the Remuneration Committee and Terms of Reference The Remuneration Committee (the Committee) is responsible for considering and making recommendations to the Board on: the Company’s general policy on executive and senior management remuneration; the speciﬁ c remuneration packages for executive directors of the Company, including basic salary, performance-based short and long term incentives, pensions and other beneﬁ ts; and the design and operation of the Company’s share incentive schemes. • • • The full Terms of Reference of the Committee can be found on the Anglo American website (www. angloamerican.co.uk) and copies are available on request. The Committee met six times during 2006. 1.2 Membership of the Committee The Committee comprised the following non-executive directors during the year ended 31 December 2006: • Sir Rob Margetts (chairman); • David Challen; • Chris Fay; • Sir Mark Moody-Stuart (from 1 December 2006); and • Fred Phaswana (until 1 November 2006). The Company’s chief executive attends the Committee meetings by invitation and assists the Committee in its considerations, except when issues relating to his own compensation are discussed. No directors are involved in deciding their own remuneration. In 2006, the Committee was advised by Russell King and Chris Corrin (Group Human Resources) and the Company’s Finance function. It also took external advice from: Advisers Services provided to the Committee Other services provided to the Company Monks Partnership (a subsidiary of PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP) PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP Appointed by the Company, with the agreement of the Committee, to provide market remuneration data Appointed by the Company, with the agreement of the Committee, to provide specialist valuation services Linklaters Hewitt Bacon and Woodrow LLP Mercer Human Resource Consulting Limited Deloitte & Touche LLP Appointed by the Company, with the agreement of the Committee, to provide legal advice on long term incentives and directors’ service contracts Appointed by the Company, with the agreement of the Committee, to advise on the pension arrangements of current and prospective executive directors Engaged by the Committee to review the Committee’s processes on an annual basis, in order to provide shareholders with assurance that the remuneration processes the Committee has followed are in line with the stated policy as set out below and that the Committee has operated within its Terms of Reference Investment advisers, actuaries and auditors for various pension schemes; advisors on internal audit projects and the adoption of International Financial Reporting Standards; taxation, payroll and executive compensation advice Legal advice on certain corporate matters Investment advisers and actuaries for various pension schemes Investment advisers and actuaries for various pension schemes In their capacity as Group auditors, Deloitte undertakes an audit of sections 10 and 11 of the remuneration report annually. However, no advice is provided to the Committee Certain overseas operations within the Group are also provided with audit and non-audit related services from PricewaterhouseCoopers’ LLP and Mercer’s worldwide member ﬁ rms. A summary of the letter from Mercer containing the conclusions of their review of the Committee’s executive remuneration processes for 2006 can be found on page 84, while the full letter can be found on the Company’s website. 2. Remuneration policy on executive directors’ remuneration The Company’s remuneration policy is formulated to attract and retain high-calibre executives and motivate them to develop and implement the Company’s business strategy in order to optimise long term shareholder value creation. It is the intention that this policy should conform to best practice standards and that it will continue to apply for 2007 and subsequent years, subject to ongoing review as appropriate. The policy is framed around the following key principles: total rewards will be set at levels that are sufﬁ ciently competitive to enable the recruitment and retention of high-calibre executives; total incentive-based rewards will be earned through the achievement of demanding performance conditions consistent with shareholder interests; incentive plans, performance measures and targets will be structured to operate soundly throughout the business cycle; the design of long term incentives will be prudent and will not expose shareholders to unreasonable ﬁ nancial risk; in considering the market positioning of reward elements, account will be taken of the performance of the Company and of the individual executive director; and reward practice will conform to best practice standards as far as reasonably practicable. • • • • • • Representatives of the Company’s principal investors are consulted on changes to remuneration policy. 3. Elements of executive director remuneration 3.1 Remuneration mix Each executive director’s total remuneration consists of salary, annual bonus, long term incentives and beneﬁ ts. An appropriate balance is maintained between ﬁ xed and performance-related remuneration and between elements linked to short term ﬁ nancial performance and those linked to longer term shareholder value creation. Assuming on-target performance, the Committee’s policy is that at least 50% (60% for the chief executive) or more of total executive director remuneration is performance-related. In 2006, 69% of the chief executive’s remuneration on an expected-value basis was performance-related; for the other executive directors, on average, the ﬁ gure was 64% (see illustrative charts). The Bonus Share Plan (BSP) and the Long Term Incentive Plan (LTIP) are designed to align the longer term interests of shareholders and executives and to underpin the Company’s performance culture. The Committee monitors the relevance and appropriateness of the performance measures and targets applicable to both plans. Further details of the BSP and of the LTIP are set out below and on page 68. 3.2 Basic salary The basic salary of the executive directors is reviewed annually and is targeted at the market median of companies of comparable size, market sector, business complexity and international scope. This is adjusted either way based on experience and other relevant factors. The market for executives of main board calibre, in large international resource companies in particular, is currently very competitive and it is therefore deemed sensible to position basic salary for executive directors at no lower than the median point. Company performance, individual performance and changes in responsibilities are also taken into consideration in setting salary levels each year. 3.3 Bonus Share Plan (BSP) The BSP was ﬁ rst operated in 2004 and all executive directors are normally eligible to participate in it. The BSP requires executive directors to invest a signiﬁ cant proportion of their remuneration in shares, thereby more closely aligning their interest with those of shareholders, and encourages management at all levels to build up a meaningful personal stake in the Company. Awards under the BSP are made annually and consist of three elements: • a performance-related cash element; • Bonus Shares as a conditional award to a value equal to the cash element; and • an additional performance-related element in the form of Enhancement Shares. CEO – expected values 34% 31% 35% (cid:129) Fixed (cid:129) Performance-related annual bonus (cid:129) Performance-related long term incentives Average other executive directors – expected values 34% 36% 30% (cid:129) Fixed (cid:129) Performance-related annual bonus (cid:129) Performance-related long term incentives Anglo American plc Annual Report 2006 | 67 ANGLO AMERICAN plc ANNUAL REPORT 2006 REMUNERATION REPORT VESTING OF ENHANCEMENT SHARES d e r i u q c a s e r a h S s u n o B f o e g a t n e c r e p l a n o i t i d d A 75% 33% 0% RPI +0% RPI +3% RPI +9% RPI +9% RPI +12% RPI +15% RPI +18% Real EPS growth over three years 68 | Anglo American plc Annual Report 2006 These bonus awards are not pensionable. The BSP operates as follows: • • • • • the value of the bonus is calculated by reference to achievement against annual performance targets which include measures of corporate (and, where applicable, business unit) performance as well as the achievement of speciﬁ c individual objectives. For executive directors, the corporate element is based on stretching Earnings Per Share (EPS) targets which are calculated using underlying earnings (reconciled in note 11 of the ﬁ nancial statements). The key individual objectives are designed to support the Company’s strategic priorities and in 2006 included safety improvement, strategy implementation, production growth, people management, succession planning, cost reduction and operational efﬁ ciencies; the Committee reviews these measures annually to ensure they remain appropriate and sufﬁ ciently stretching in the context of the economic and performance expectations for the Company and its operating businesses; in 2006, 60% of each annual bonus was based on the corporate or business measure and the remaining 40% on key personal performance measures. The level of bonuses payable is reduced if certain overall safety improvement targets are not met. Bonus parameters are set on an individual basis; in the case of the directors and top tier of management, half of the bonus is payable in cash. The maximum cash element has been 90% of basic salary in the case of the chief executive and 75% of basic salary for the other executive directors (from 2007, the maximum cash element for the new chief executive will be 75% as outlined on page 74). The maximum bonus would only be paid for meeting targets which, in the opinion of the Committee, represent an exceptional performance for the Group. The other half of the bonus is in the form of a conditional award of Bonus Shares equal in value to the cash element. These Bonus Shares vest only if the participant remains in employment with the Group until the end of a three-year holding period (or is regarded by the Committee as a ‘good leaver’); and in order to encourage continuing focus on medium term performance, executive directors also receive a conditional award of Enhancement Shares at the same time as the award of Bonus Shares. The maximum potential, at face value, of the Enhancement Shares is 75% of the face value of the Bonus Shares (i.e. in the case of the chief executive a maximum of 68% of basic salary). Awards of Enhancement Shares made in 2006 will vest after three years only to the extent that a challenging performance condition (real EPS growth, based on earnings per share growth against growth in the UK Retail Price Index (RPI)) is met (see illustrative chart). Real EPS growth is viewed as the most appropriate performance measure for this element of the BSP because it is a fundamental ﬁ nancial performance indicator, both internally and externally, and links directly to the Company’s long term objective of improving earnings. The targets have been approved by the Committee after reviewing performance over a number of years and have been set at a level which provides stretching performance levels for management. At the end of each performance period, the level of performance achieved and the proportion of awards vesting will be published in the subsequent remuneration report. 3.4 Share options and all-employee share schemes No share options were granted to executive directors under the Company’s Executive Share Option Scheme (ESOS) in 2006 and there is no intention to make future grants under the ESOS to executive directors. However, the ESOS is retained for use in special circumstances relating to the recruitment or retention of key executives. Executive directors remain eligible to participate in the Company’s Save As You Earn (SAYE) and Share Incentive Plan (SIP) schemes. As these schemes are offered to all UK employees, performance conditions do not apply to them. 3.5 Long Term Incentive Plan (LTIP) Grant levels Conditional LTIP awards are made annually to executive directors. The maximum grant level under the LTIP is 200% of basic salary. It is anticipated that in 2007, grants under the LTIP will be made at 175% of basic salary for all the executive directors, including the new chief executive. The Committee is content that the performance conditions that need to be satisﬁ ed for these awards to vest in full are sufﬁ ciently stretching in the context of the award levels. In determining annual award levels, the Committee also gives consideration to market competitiveness and has set the levels taking account of median expected value of long term incentives relative to other companies of a similar size. These awards are discretionary and considered on a case-by-case basis. Performance measures As in previous years, vesting of the LTIP awards made during 2006 is subject to the achievement of stretching performance targets relating to Total Shareholder Return (TSR) and to an operating measure, currently return on capital employed (ROCE), over a ﬁ xed three-year period. Half of each award is subject to a Group TSR measure while the other half is subject to a Group ROCE measure. These performance measures were selected on the basis that they clearly foster the creation of shareholder value and their appropriateness is kept under review by the Committee. At the end of each performance period, the level of ROCE performance achieved and the level of award earned will be published in the subsequent remuneration report. There is no retesting of performance. The LTIP closely aligns the interests of shareholders and executive directors by rewarding superior shareholder return and ﬁ nancial performance and by encouraging executives to build up a shareholding in the Company. Total shareholder return (TSR) The Committee considers comparative TSR to be a suitable long term performance measure for the Company’s LTIP awards. Executives would beneﬁ t only if shareholders have enjoyed returns on their investment which are superior to those that could have been obtained in other comparable companies. For awards made from 2005 onwards, the portion of each award that is based on TSR is measured 50% against the Sector Index and 50% against the constituents of the FTSE 100. Maximum vesting on the TSR element of an award will only be possible if Anglo American outperforms by a substantial margin both the sector benchmark (as described below) and the largest UK companies across all sectors. Maximum vesting of the whole LTIP award, would, in addition, depend on the Company’s performance exceeding demanding ROCE targets (also as described below). Taken as a whole, vesting depends on a very challenging set of performance hurdles. Sector Index comparison One half of the TSR element of an LTIP award vests according to the Company’s TSR over the performance period, relative to a weighted basket of international natural resource companies (the Sector Index). Up until the end of 2006, the Sector Index comprised three categories: the ﬁ rst consisted of six international diversiﬁ ed mining companies, the second of four international paper and packaging companies, and the third of four international industrial minerals companies. From the start of 2007 the paper and packaging element will no longer be part of the Index because of the imminent demerger of the Group’s paper and packaging division. The Committee may amend the list of comparator companies in the Sector Index, and relative weightings, if circumstances make this necessary (for example, as a result of takeovers or mergers of comparator companies). In calculating TSR it is assumed that all dividends are reinvested. For awards made in 2006, the companies constituting the Sector Index were as follows (up until 31 December 2006. After this date the percentage attributable to Paper and Packaging will fall to zero): Category weighting Comparator companies Mining 78% BHP Billiton plc CVRD Rio Tinto plc Teck Cominco Vedanta Resources plc Xstrata plc Paper and Packaging Industrial Minerals 13% Sappi Limited SCA Stora Enso Oyj UPM-Kymmene Group 9% CRH plc Hanson plc Holcim Limited Lafarge Target performance for the Sector Index is assessed by calculating the median TSR performance within each sub-sector category, and then weighting these medians by the category weightings shown above. Shares contingent upon the Sector Index element of the TSR performance will vest as follows: The Company’s relative TSR compared to the Sector Index % Proportion of TSR element vesting Below Target Target (matching the weighted median of the Sector Index) Target plus 5% per annum Target plus 7.5% per annum (or above) 0 20 50 75 Shares will vest on a straight-line basis for performance between the levels shown in the table above. Anglo American plc Annual Report 2006 | 69 FTSE 100 Comparison The vesting of the other half of the TSR element of an LTIP award will depend on the Company’s TSR performance over the performance period compared with the constituents of the FTSE 100 Index, as follows: The Company’s relative TSR compared to the FTSE 100 % Proportion of TSR element vesting Below the median TSR of the FTSE 100 Equal to the median TSR of the FTSE 100 Equal to the 90th percentile TSR of the FTSE 100 Above the 90th percentile TSR of the FTSE 100 0 20 50 75 Shares will vest on a straight-line basis for performance between the levels shown in the table above. The targets above were calibrated such that for the TSR element of the award there is approximately a 10% chance of achieving full vesting and a 25% chance of two-thirds vesting. These probabilities were assessed by PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP using the same Monte Carlo model used for calculating fair values of the LTIP under IFRS 2 Share-based payments. The estimated average fair value of an award under the TSR element is 48% of the value of shares awarded. Graphs showing the Company’s TSR performance against the weighted average of the Sector Index and against the FTSE 100 for the ﬁ ve years from 1 January 2002 to 31 December 2006 can be found on page 73. Return on capital employed Group ROCE is the second performance measure for LTIP grants. The Committee considers this to be among the most important factors which drive sustainable improvements in shareholder value in a natural resources business, as well as one of the most important measures of differentiation in performance in this sector. The proportion of shares vesting based on Group ROCE will vary according to the degree of improvement in the Group’s average annualised ROCE over the performance period. Unless certain minimum targets for improvement in returns (on both capital employed for the ﬁ nancial year preceding the start of the performance period (existing capital employed) and on the additional capital employed during the performance period (incremental capital employed)), no shares will vest under this performance measure. The maximum ROCE targets are based on stretching levels of return on the existing capital employed. The ROCE targets for each element conditionally awarded in 2006 are shown below. These are adjusted for movements in commodity prices, certain foreign exchange rate effects, capital in progress and for relevant changes in the composition of the Group. Minimum ROCE Target Maximum ROCE Target Existing capital employed Incremental capital employed 21.3% 23.3% 10% 10% The ROCE elements of the award vest as shown in the table below: Below or equal to the Minimum Target Equal to or greater than the Maximum Target Proportion of ROCE element vesting 0% 100% Shares will vest on a straight-line basis for performance between the Minimum Target and the Maximum Target. ANGLO AMERICAN plc ANNUAL REPORT 2006 REMUNERATION REPORT 70 | Anglo American plc Annual Report 2006 3.6 Vesting of share incentives in the event of change of control or termination of employment In the event of a change of control of the Company, the following provisions apply under the Company’s incentive plans: performance conditions have been met; the number of shares that vest under the LTIP will be calculated by reference to the extent to which the applicable performance conditions have been met at the time of the change of control; • share options granted under the former ESOS may be exercised irrespective of whether the applicable • • Bonus Shares awarded under the BSP will be released, but Enhancement Shares awarded under the BSP will vest on change of control, to the extent that the performance condition has been met at the time of the change of control; • SAYE options may be exercised (to the extent of savings at the date of exercise); and • participants may direct the SIP trustee as to how to deal with their SIP shares (although Matching Shares may be forfeited in some circumstances). In the event that a director’s employment is terminated, vesting of outstanding share options under the former ESOS is dependent upon the reasons the contract is terminated. Performance conditions fall away in the event of redundancy. However, if the executive resigns voluntarily, then all such options lapse unless the Committee determines otherwise. In the case of LTIP interests, if a director resigns voluntarily, then his interests lapse. If he is made redundant, vesting at the end of the performance period is based on the normal performance criteria and then pro rated for the proportion of the performance period for which the director served. In the case of the BSP, if a director ceases to be employed before the end of the year in respect of which the annual performance targets apply, then no award will be made unless the Committee determines otherwise (taking into account the proportion of the year for which the director was an employee of the Group and of performance to date against the annual performance targets at the date of cessation). If a director resigns voluntarily before the end of the three-year vesting period, the Bonus Share awards lapse and the Enhancement Shares are forfeited. If a director is made redundant, Bonus Share awards will be transferred as soon as practicable after the date of leaving and the Enhancement Shares will vest at the end of the performance period, to the extent that the performance conditions have been met. 3.7 Employee Share Ownership Trust and policy on provision of shares for incentive schemes The Group established an Employee Share Ownership Trust (the Trust) in 1999 to acquire and hold shares to facilitate the operation of the Company’s share schemes. As at 31 December 2006, the trust held 19,856,385 ordinary shares in the Company, registered in the name of Greenwood Nominees Limited. Shares held by the trust are not voted at the Company’s general meetings. It is the Company’s current policy and practice not to use newly issued shares to meet the requirements of share incentives. Such shares are provided from the Trust or from Treasury or by market purchase. 3.8 Pensions Pension and life insurance beneﬁ ts for executive directors reﬂ ect practice in the countries in which they perform their principal duties. Details of individual pension arrangements are set out on pages 79 and 80. During the year, in the light of the new UK pensions regime which applied from 6 April 2006, the Committee decided that it would consider requests from executive directors that their contracts be altered for future service, so that further pension beneﬁ ts are reduced or cease to accrue and that a pension allowance be paid having the same value as the deﬁ ned contribution beneﬁ ts forgone. Similarly, the Committee decided that it would consider requests from executive directors (as is the case for employees more generally) that their contracts be altered for future service, so that supplementary pension contributions are made into their deﬁ ned contribution pension arrangements, in return for equivalent value reductions in their future basic salary and/or the cash element of the BSP. 3.9 Other beneﬁ ts Executive directors are entitled to the provision of either a car allowance or a fully expensed car, medical insurance, death and disability insurance, social club membership (in accordance with local market practice), limited personal taxation/ﬁ nancial advice and reimbursement of reasonable business expenses. The provision of these beneﬁ ts is considered to be market-competitive in the appropriate locality for executive director positions. Anglo American plc Annual Report 2006 | 71 ANGLO AMERICAN plc ANNUAL REPORT 2006 REMUNERATION REPORT 4. Executive shareholding targets Within ﬁ ve years of their appointment, executive directors are expected to acquire a holding of shares with a value of two times’ basic salary in the case of the chief executive and one times’ basic salary in the case of other executive directors. The Committee takes into consideration achievement against these targets when making grants under the Company’s various long term incentive plans. At 31 December 2006, all executive directors with more than one year’s service on the Board had met or exceeded their shareholding targets. 5. External appointments Executive directors are not permitted to hold external directorships or ofﬁ ces without the approval of the Board; if approved, they may each retain the fees payable from one such appointment. During the year ended 31 December 2006, René Médori retained fees from one such appointment, amounting to £47,000. 6. Policy on non-executive directors’ remuneration Non-executive directors’ remuneration is approved by the Board as a whole on the recommendation of the chairman and executive directors. The Company’s policy on non-executive directors’ remuneration is based on the following key principles: • Remuneration should be: • • • sufﬁ cient to attract and retain world-class non-executive talent; consistent with recognised best practice standards for non-executive directors’ remuneration; in the form of cash fees, but with the ﬂ exibility to forgo all or part of such fees to acquire shares in the Company if the non-executive director so wishes (after deduction of applicable income tax and social security contributions); and set by reference to the responsibilities taken on by the non-executives in chairing the Board and its committees. • • Non-executive directors may not participate in the Company’s BSP, share option schemes, LTIP or pension arrangements. The Board reviews non-executive directors’ fees periodically to ensure they remain market-competitive. Additional fees are paid to the chairmen of Board committees and to the senior independent director (SID). Where non-executive directors have Executive Board roles within subsidiaries of the Company, then they may also receive additional remuneration on account of these increased responsibilities. With the exception of Bobby Godsell, who is remunerated by AngloGold Ashanti Limited in his capacity as its chief executive, none of the non-executive directors has any such role. 7. Chairman’s fees The chairman’s fees are reviewed periodically (on a different cycle from the review of non-executive directors’ fees). A recommendation is then made to the Board (in the absence of the chairman) by the Committee and chief executive, who take external advice on market comparators. 8. Directors’ service contracts Cynthia Carroll and Simon Thompson are employed by Anglo American Services (UK) Limited; Tony Trahar and David Hathorn have contracts with Anglo American International (IOM) Limited and with Anglo Operations Limited and René Médori is employed by Anglo American International (IOM) Limited. It is the Company’s policy that the period of notice for executive directors will not exceed 12 months and the employment contracts of all executive directors except that of Cynthia Carroll are terminable at 12 months’ notice by either party. As part of Cynthia Carroll’s terms upon joining the Company, her initial notice period will be 24 months, which will reduce to 12 months after the initial 12 month period. Executive directors(1) Cynthia Carroll (chief executive from 1 March 2007) Tony Trahar (chief executive to 1 March 2007)(2) David Hathorn(3) René Médori (ﬁ nance director) Simon Thompson Date of appointment Next AGM re-election or election 15 January 2007 18 March 1999 20 April 2005 01 June 2005 20 April 2005 April 2007 n/a April 2008 April 2008 April 2008 (1) At each annual general meeting (AGM) all those directors who have been in ofﬁ ce for three years or more since their election or last re-election shall retire from ofﬁ ce. Details of those retiring by rotation this year are contained in the notice of AGM. (2) Tony Trahar has indicated his intention to resign from the Board with effect from the AGM to be held on 17 April 2007. (3) David Hathorn will cease to be a director when Mondi, of which he is Chief Executive Ofﬁ cer, is demerged from the Company anticipated for later this year. 72 | Anglo American plc Annual Report 2006 The contracts of executive directors do not provide for any enhanced payments in the event of a change of control of the Company, or for liquidated damages. All non-executive directors have letters of appointment with the Company for an initial period of three years from their date of appointment, subject to reappointment at the AGM. In addition to his letter of appointment with the Company, Bobby Godsell has a service contract with AngloGold Ashanti Limited, an independently managed associate of the Company, in his capacity as its chief executive. Under this contract, his employment may be terminated by either party giving to the other 12 months’ notice. Non-executive directors(1)(2) Sir Mark Moody-Stuart (chairman) Ralph Alexander Date of appointment 16 July 2002 20 April 2005 David Challen (chairman, Audit Committee) 09 September 2002 Chris Fay (chairman, S&SD Committee) Bobby Godsell Sir Rob Margetts (SID and chairman, Remuneration Committee) 19 April 1999 18 March 1999 18 March 1999 Next AGM re-election or election April 2009 April 2008 April 2009 April 2007 April 2008 April 2007 Maria Silvia Bastos Marques (resigned 20 April 2006) 09 December 2003 n/a Nicky Oppenheimer Fred Phaswana (chairman, Nomination Committee) Mamphela Ramphele Karel Van Miert Peter Woicke 18 March 1999 12 June 2002 20 April 2006 19 March 2002 01 January 2006 April 2007 April 2009 April 2009 April 2008 April 2009 (1) At each annual general meeting (AGM) all those directors who have been in ofﬁ ce for three years or more since their election or last re-election shall retire from ofﬁ ce. Details of those retiring by rotation this year are contained in the Notice of AGM. (2) There is no ﬁ xed notice period; however, the Company may in accordance with, and subject to, the provisions of the Companies Act 1985, by Ordinary Resolution of which special notice has been given, remove any director from ofﬁ ce. The Company’s articles of association also permit the directors, under certain circumstances, to remove a director from ofﬁ ce. 9. Historical comparative TSR performance graphs The graphs on this page represent the comparative TSR performance of the Company from 1 January 2002 to 31 December 2006. In drawing these graphs it has been assumed that all dividends paid have been reinvested. (cid:48)(cid:37)(cid:50)(cid:38)(cid:47)(cid:50)(cid:45)(cid:33)(cid:46)(cid:35)(cid:37)(cid:0)(cid:39)(cid:50)(cid:33)(cid:48)(cid:40)(cid:51) (cid:129)(cid:0) (cid:33)(cid:78)(cid:71)(cid:76)(cid:79)(cid:0)(cid:33)(cid:77)(cid:69)(cid:82)(cid:73)(cid:67)(cid:65)(cid:78) (cid:129)(cid:0) (cid:38)(cid:52)(cid:51)(cid:37)(cid:0)(cid:17)(cid:16)(cid:16)(cid:0)(cid:41)(cid:78)(cid:68)(cid:69)(cid:88) (cid:19)(cid:16)(cid:16) The ﬁ rst graph shows the Company’s performance against the performance of the FTSE 100 Index, chosen as being a broad equity market index comprising companies of a comparable size and complexity to Anglo American. This graph has been produced in accordance with the requirements of Schedule 7A to the Companies Act 1985. The second graph shows the Company’s performance against the weighted comparator group used to measure company performance for the purposes of the vesting of LTIP interests conditionally awarded in 2004. This graph gives an indication of how Anglo American is performing against the targets in place for LTIP interests already granted, although the speciﬁ cs of the comparator companies for each year’s interests may vary to reﬂ ect changes such as mergers and acquisitions amongst the Company’s competitors or changes to the Company’s business mix. In accordance with the LTIP rules, TSR is calculated in US dollars, and the TSR level shown at 31 December each year is the average of the closing daily TSR levels for the six-month period up to and including that date. (cid:18)(cid:21)(cid:16) (cid:18)(cid:16)(cid:16) (cid:17)(cid:21)(cid:16) (cid:17)(cid:16)(cid:16) (cid:21)(cid:16) (cid:18)(cid:16)(cid:16)(cid:18) (cid:18)(cid:16)(cid:16)(cid:19) (cid:18)(cid:16)(cid:16)(cid:20) (cid:18)(cid:16)(cid:16)(cid:21) (cid:18)(cid:16)(cid:16)(cid:22) (cid:48)(cid:37)(cid:50)(cid:38)(cid:47)(cid:50)(cid:45)(cid:33)(cid:46)(cid:35)(cid:37)(cid:0)(cid:39)(cid:50)(cid:33)(cid:48)(cid:40)(cid:51) (cid:129)(cid:0) (cid:33)(cid:78)(cid:71)(cid:76)(cid:79)(cid:0)(cid:33)(cid:77)(cid:69)(cid:82)(cid:73)(cid:67)(cid:65)(cid:78) (cid:129)(cid:0) (cid:44)(cid:52)(cid:41)(cid:48)(cid:0)(cid:67)(cid:79)(cid:77)(cid:80)(cid:65)(cid:82)(cid:65)(cid:84)(cid:79)(cid:82) (cid:21)(cid:16)(cid:16) (cid:20)(cid:21)(cid:16) (cid:20)(cid:16)(cid:16) (cid:19)(cid:21)(cid:16) (cid:19)(cid:16)(cid:16) (cid:18)(cid:21)(cid:16) (cid:18)(cid:16)(cid:16) (cid:17)(cid:21)(cid:16) (cid:17)(cid:16)(cid:16) (cid:21)(cid:16) 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 Anglo American plc Annual Report 2006 | 73 10. Remuneration outcomes during 2006 The information set out in this section and section 11 has been subject to audit. 10.1 Directors’ emoluments The following tables set out an analysis of the pre-tax remuneration during the years ended 31 December 2006 and 2005, including bonuses but excluding pensions, for individual directors who held ofﬁ ce in the Company during the year ended 31 December 2006. Executive directors Plus: Basic salary sacriﬁ ced into Pension Scheme(5) Annual performance bonus – cash element(5) Total basic salary Basic salary as paid Beneﬁ ts in kind(6) Total Executive directors(1)(2)(3)(4) 2006 £000 2005 £000 2006 £000 2005 £000 2006 £000 2005 £000 2006 £000 2005 £000 2006 £000 2005 £000 2006 £000 2005 £000 Tony Trahar David Hathorn René Médori Simon Thompson 786 520 485 495 855 335 303 335 239 95 1,025 – 75 25 – – – 520 560 520 950 335 303 335 830 277 370 316 627 216 164 213 112 54 1,967 1,631 50 25 34 17 13 17 847 568 955 480 870 565 (1) Subsequent to their retirement from the Board in 2001, Leslie Boyd and Mike King continue to hold non-executive directorships with certain listed subsidiaries of the Group. They received fees of £36,000 (2005: £26,000) and £22,000 (2005: £17,000) respectively, for the provision of these services during the year. (2) Subsequent to his retirement from the Board in 2004, Bill Nairn has provided consultancy services to Anglo American. He received £120,000 (2005: £130,000) for the provision of these services during the year. (3) Subsequent to his retirement from the Board in 2005, Barry Davison provided consultancy services to Anglo American, receiving £192,000 for the provision of these services during the year. He also continued to hold non-executive directorships with certain listed subsidiaries of the Group. He received fees of £53,000 for the provision of these services during the year. (4) Subsequent to his retirement from the Board in 2005, Tony Lea remained an employee until 24 March 2006 receiving total remuneration (including beneﬁ ts and pension contributions) of £597,000 (2005: £969,000). Thereafter (until 31 December 2006) he provided consultancy services to the Group, receiving £441,000 for the provision of these services. (5) Their employing companies have contractually agreed with the executive directors that supplementary pension contributions be made into their pension arrangements in return for equivalent-value reductions in their base salaries and/or in the cash elements payable under the BSP. (6) Each director receives a car allowance and a limited amount of personal taxation / ﬁ nancial advice. All directors receive death and disability beneﬁ ts and also receive medical insurance. Tony Trahar and Simon Thompson also receive club membership. Cynthia Carroll remuneration As of 1 March 2007, Cynthia Carroll will be appointed as chief executive ofﬁ cer of the Company. She joined the Board as an executive director with effect from 15 January 2007. Below is a summary of her remuneration package. Salary Basic salary of £900,000 per annum. Bonus Share Plan participation The 2007 bonus will be a maximum of 150% of basic salary per annum, half paid in cash and half invested in restricted shares (as discussed on page 67). Long Term Incentive Plan participation The grant level for the 2007 award will be made at 175% of basic salary. Beneﬁ ts Normal executive director beneﬁ ts including deﬁ ned contribution pension (contribution rate 30%), car allowance, medical and life insurance. Buy out arrangements Anglo American will compensate Cynthia Carroll for incentives forfeited at Alcan. This will be paid in a combination of an initial cash payment of £400,000 and forfeitable share awards realisable over three years to a value of £3,306,000. ANGLO AMERICAN plc ANNUAL REPORT 2006 REMUNERATION REPORT 74 | Anglo American plc Annual Report 2006 Non-executive directors The fees and other emoluments paid to non-executive directors during the year ended 31 December 2006 amounted to £1,807,000 (2005: £1,683,000). Non-executive directors(1) Sir Mark Moody-Stuart Ralph Alexander (appointed 20 April 2005) David Challen Chris Fay Bobby Godsell(2)(3) Sir Rob Margetts Maria Silvia Bastos Marques (resigned 20 April 2006) Nicky Oppenheimer(2) Fred Phaswana(2) Mamphela Ramphele (appointed 20 April 2006) Karel Van Miert Peter Woicke (appointed 1 January 2006) Fees 2005 £000 360 39 67 67 58 77 55 58 66 – 55 – Other emoluments 2006 £000 2005 £000 – – – – – – – – 698 747 – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 2006 £000 360 65 80 80 70 93 21 70 95 45 65 65 Total 2005 £000 360 39 67 67 805 77 55 58 66 – 55 – 2006 £000 360 65 80 80 768 93 21 70 95 45 65 65 (1) Each non-executive director, with the exception of Sir Mark Moody-Stuart, is paid a fee of £65,000 (2005: £55,000) per annum, and those non-executive directors who act as chairmen of the Audit Committee, Safety and Sustainable Development Committee and Remuneration Committee are paid an additional sum of £15,000 (2005: £12,000) per annum. The chairman of the Nomination Committee is paid an additional sum of £7,500 (2005: £6,000) per annum. Sir Rob Margetts received additional fees of £13,000 (2005: £10,000) in his capacity as senior independent director. (2) Bobby Godsell, Nicky Oppenheimer and Fred Phaswana received fees for their services as non-executive directors of Anglo American South Africa Limited amounting to £5,000 (2005: £3,000), £5,000 (2005: £3,000) and £10,000 (2005: £5,000) respectively, which are included in the above table. Fred Phaswana is the non-executive chairman of Anglo American South Africa Limited and of Anglo Platinum and received fees amounting to £12,000. (3) Under Bobby Godsell’s service contract with AngloGold Ashanti, his basic salary was equivalent to £491,000 per annum (2005: £500,000) and he was awarded a performance bonus equivalent to £192,000 (2005: £173,000). Bobby Godsell is also entitled to the provision of car allowance, medical insurance and death and disability insurance. The total value of these beneﬁ ts was equivalent to £15,000 (2005: £16,000). 10.2 Bonus Share Plan 10.2.1 Anglo American plc Number of Bonus Shares conditionally awarded during 2006 Number of Enhancement Shares conditionally awarded during 2006 Total interest at 31 December 2006 Market price at date of 2006 award £ Date of vesting of Bonus Shares awarded during 2006 End date of performance period for Enhancement Shares awarded during 2006 Total interest at 1 January 2006 167,867 29,041 21,780 218,688 21.59 1/1/2009 31/12/2008 Bonus Share Plan interests Tony Trahar David Hathorn 39,957 10,004 René Médori – 8,724 Simon Thompson 52,525 11,352 7,503 6,542 8,513 57,464 15,266 21.59 1/1/2009 31/12/2008 21.59 1/1/2009 31/12/2008 72,390 21.59 1/1/2009 31/12/2008 10.2.2 AngloGold Ashanti Bonus Share Plan interests(1) Bobby Godsell Number of Shares conditionally awarded during 2006(2) Total interest at 1 January 2006 Total interest at 31 December 2006 Market price at date of 2006 award rand Date of vesting of 2006 award of Shares 10,135 6,140 16,275 308.00 8/3/2009 (1) The AngloGold Ashanti BSP was approved by shareholders in 2005, and replaces the previously granted performance related options. No BSP interests vested during 2006. (2) The value of the bonus under the AngloGold Ashanti BSP is calculated as a percentage of annual salary up to a maximum of 120%, of which 50% was paid in cash and 50% by the granting of restricted shares. The market price of the shares at the date of award of Bonus Share options in 2006 was R308.00, being the closing price of an AngloGold Ashanti share on the JSE on the day prior to the date of grant. Anglo American plc Annual Report 2006 | 75 ANGLO AMERICAN plc ANNUAL REPORT 2006 REMUNERATION REPORT 76 | Anglo American plc Annual Report 2006 10.3 Long Term Incentive Plan 10.3.1 Anglo American plc Conditional awards of shares made to executive directors under the LTIP are shown below: Total beneﬁ cial interest in LTIP at 1 January 2006 Number of shares conditionally awarded during 2006 Number of shares vested during 2006 Number of shares lapsed during 2006 Total beneﬁ cial interest in LTIP at 31 December 2006 Latest performance period end date 336,141 98,938 (51,702) (51,702) 331,675 31/12/2008 114,141 43,919 (15,750) (15,750) 126,560 31/12/2008 61,993 53,421 – – 115,414 31/12/2008 LTIP interests(1)(2) Tony Trahar David Hathorn René Médori(3) Simon Thompson 131,952 50,507 (15,750) (15,750) 150,959 31/12/2008 (1) The LTIP awards made in 2006 are conditional on two performance conditions as outlined on pages 68 to 70: the ﬁ rst based on the Company’s TSR relative to a weighted group of international natural resource companies and to the constituents of the FTSE 100, and the second based on an underlying operating measure which focuses on raising the Company’s ROCE in the medium term. Further details on the structure of the LTIP, the required level of performance for the 2006 award and how performance against targets is measured can be found on pages 68 to 70. The market price of the shares at the date of award was £20.72. (2) The performance period applicable to each award is three years. The performance period relating to the 2003 LTIP awards (which were granted on 11 April 2003) ended on 31 December 2005. Vesting was subject to two performance conditions: the ﬁ rst based on the Company’s TSR relative to a weighted group of international natural resource companies and the second based on an underlying operating measure which focused on improvements in the Company’s ROCE in the medium term. Part of each award was based on the TSR measure and part on the operating measure. Shares vested Tony Trahar David Hathorn Simon Thompson Number of shares vested Date of conditional award Market price at date of award £ Market price at date of vesting £ Money value at date of vesting £ 51,702 11/4/2003 15,750 11/4/2003 15,750 11/4/2003 9.40 9.40 9.40 25.49 1,317,884 25.49 25.49 401,468 401,468 In the case of the LTIP awards granted in 2003, the determinants for vesting were 50% on relative TSR and 50% on meeting speciﬁ ed Group ROCE targets. The ROCE targets are a function of targeted improvement in returns on existing capital employed at the start of the performance period and targeted returns in excess of the cost of capital on new capital investment over that period. The entry level target for any LTIP has been the actual return achieved on the capital employed, excluding capital work in progress, in the year immediately preceding the commencement of the performance period. In order to maintain the effectiveness of the plan in driving long term performance, the actual returns in the ﬁ nal performance year are adjusted for movements in commodity prices, certain foreign exchange rate effects (e.g. translation windfalls), capital in progress (to reﬂ ect the fact that mines under construction absorb large amounts of capital before producing a return), for relevant changes in the composition of the Group (e.g. signiﬁ cant acquisitions and disposals) and other one off factors which would otherwise result in a misleading outcome. The threshold blended target (i.e. the target on existing and new capital) for the performance period for the 2003 LTIP was 18.8% and the upper blended target 20.3%. The ROCE achieved was 21.1% and the outcome on this element of the LTIP was thus 100%. On the TSR measure, Anglo American achieved a TSR over the three year performance period of 129% which generated a nil vesting in terms of the 2003 Comparator Group. The overall vesting level for those directors with a 50% Group ROCE, 50% TSR split was therefore 50%. (3) In addition to the LTIP award disclosed above, René Médori was in June 2005 granted 50,600 forfeitable shares, of which 30,360 were released to him on 1 May 2006 and 20,240 will be released to him on 1 May 2007. These awards are conditional on his continued employment in the Group and are in partial compensation for long term incentives forgone at his previous employer. The market price of the shares at the date of this award was £13.34. Beneﬁ cial interest in forfeitable shares at 1 January 2006 50,600 Number of forfeitable shares awarded during 2006 Number of forfeitable shares vested during 2006 Number of forfeitable shares lapsed during 2006 Total beneﬁ cial interest in forfeitable shares at 31 December 2006 Latest performance period end date – (30,360) – 20,240 30/4/2007 Number of shares vested Date of conditional award Market price at date of award £ Market price at date of vesting £ Money value at date of vesting £ 30,360 2/6/2005 13.34 23.74 720,746 Interests René Médori Shares vested René Médori (4) During the year, 16,104, 25,266, and 13,476 shares vested to Barry Davison, Tony Lea and Bill Nairn respectively under the 2003 LTIP with a money value at date of vesting of £410,491, £644,030 and £343,503 respectively. The market price at dates of award and vesting are as disclosed in footnote 2 above. 10.3.2 AngloGold Ashanti Limited Conditional awards of shares made to directors under the AngloGold Ashanti LTIP are shown below: LTIP interests(1)(2) Bobby Godsell Total beneﬁ cial interest in LTIP at 1 January 2006 Number of shares conditionally awarded during 2006(3) Number of shares vested during 2006 Number of shares lapsed during 2006 Total beneﬁ cial interest in LTIP at 31 December 2006 Latest performance period end date 30,400 23,250 – – 53,650 31/7/2009 (1) The AngloGold Ashanti LTIP was approved by shareholders in 2005, and replaces the previously granted performance related options. No LTIP interests vested during 2006. (2) The AngloGold Ashanti LTIP awards made in 2006 are conditional on the extent to which the following performance conditions are met: – 40% of the awards will vest if AngloGold Ashanti’s TSR is superior to the TSR achieved by a group of gold-producing companies including; Barrick, Newmont, Gold Fields and Harmony; – 30% of share options will vest dependent on real growth in EPS over the performance period; and – 30% of share options will vest dependent on the achievement of a number of strategic targets determined by the AngloGold Ashanti Remuneration Committee. (3) The market price of an AngloGold Ashanti share at date of award was R327.00, being the closing price on the JSE on the day prior to the date of grant. 10.4 Directors’ share options 10.4.1 Anglo American plc No executive share options have been granted to directors since 2003. Roll-over options(1)(2) Beneﬁ cial holding at 1 January 2006 Granted Exercised Lapsed Beneﬁ cial holding at 31 December 2006 Weighted average option price £ Earliest date from which exercisable Latest expiry date Tony Trahar 5,000 – (5,000) – – n/a n/a n/a Anglo American options(2)(3) Beneﬁ cial holding at 1 January 2006(4) Tony Trahar 235,553 David Hathorn 60,000 Granted(5) Exercised Lapsed – – (230,000) (60,000) René Médori – 951 – Simon Thompson 60,000 – (60,000) Beneﬁ cial holding at 31 December 2006 Weighted average option price £ Earliest date from which exercisable Latest expiry date 5,553 6.53 1/7/2007 28/2/2013 – 951 – 17.97 1/9/2013 28/2/2014 – – – – – (1) Tony Trahar was granted share options prior to 1 January 1999 under a previous share option scheme operated by Anglo American Corporation of South Africa Limited which were ‘rolled over’ into Anglo American options. (2) Share options in respect of shares, the market price for which as at 31 December 2006 is equal to, or exceeds, the option exercise price. As at 31 December 2006, there were no share options with an exercise price above the market price. (3) Options were granted having UK Inland Revenue approval (Approved Options) and without such approval (Unapproved Options). The exercise of these historical options is subject to the Company’s EPS (calculated in accordance with IAS 33 Earnings per share, based on the Company’s headline earnings measure) increasing by at least 6% above the UK Retail Price Index over a three-year period. If the performance condition is not met at the end of the ﬁ rst three-year period, then performance is retested each year over the ten year life of the option on a rolling three-year basis. Options are normally exercisable, subject to satisfaction of the performance condition, between three and ten years from the date of grant. (4) Beneﬁ cial holdings include SAYE options held by Tony Trahar, of 3,792 and 1,761 options, with option prices of £4.85 and £10.15 respectively. There are no performance conditions attached to these options. (5) Beneﬁ cial holdings include SAYE options held by René Médori of 951 options with an option price of £17.97. There are no performance conditions attached to these options. Details of the share options exercised by the executive directors in 2006 are as follows: Roll-over options Tony Trahar Anglo American options Tony Trahar David Hathorn Simon Thompson Number exercised Option price rand Market price at date of exercise rand Gain rand 5,000 51.25 234.54 916,450 Number exercised 115,000 115,000 60,000 60,000 Option price £ Market price at date of exercise £ Gain £ 9.28 9.28 9.28 9.28 21.51 1,406,450 22.75 1,549,050 23.67 23.65 863,400 862,200 The highest and lowest mid-market prices of the Company’s shares during the period 1 January 2006 to 31 December 2006 were £25.49 and £18.45 respectively. The mid-market price of the Company’s shares at 29 December 2006 was £24.91. Anglo American plc Annual Report 2006 | 77 10.4.2 AngloGold Ashanti Limited Bobby Godsell has share options in AngloGold Ashanti; details of these share options are as follows: AngloGold Ashanti options(1) Options held at 1 January 2006(2) Granted Exercised Lapsed Holding at 31 December 2006 Weighted average option price rand Earliest date from which exercisable Latest expiry date Bobby Godsell 199,200 – (9,200) – 190,000 143.32 16/2/2000 13/10/2015 (1) The 2002, 2003 and 2004 options are subject to performance conditions, requiring at least a 7.5% real increase in EPS for 2002 options and 6% for 2003 and 2004 options, year-on-year for three consecutive years. The previous existing options vest over a ﬁ ve-year period from the date of grant with no attached performance criteria. (2) Share options in respect of shares whose market price as at 29 December 2006 is equal to, or exceeds, the option exercise price. Details of the share options exercised by Bobby Godsell in 2006 are as follows: AngloGold Ashanti options Bobby Godsell Number exercised Option price rand Market price at date of exercise rand Gain rand 9,200 104.00 343.62 2,204,504 The highest and lowest mid-market prices of AngloGold Ashanti’s shares during the period 1 January 2006 to 31 December 2006 were R387.00 and R247.00 per share respectively. The mid-market price of an AngloGold Ashanti share at 29 December 2006 was R329.99. The information provided above is a summary. However, full details of directors’ shareholdings and options are contained in the Registers of Directors’ Interests of the Company and of AngloGold Ashanti, which are open to inspection. 10.5 Deferred Bonus Plan and Share Incentive Plan In 2003 and earlier years, under the Deferred Bonus Plan (DBP) executive directors were required to defer 50% of their annual bonus and could, at the discretion of the Committee on a year-by-year basis, defer all of their bonus (net of tax) to acquire shares in the Company. If these shares are held for three years, they will be matched by the Company on a one-for-one basis, conditional upon the executive director’s continued employment. No further awards have been made to directors under the DBP since 2003. The ﬁ nal awards made under the DBP vested during 2006. The directors held interests in deferred bonus matching shares during the year as follows: Deferred bonus share matching interests Tony Trahar David Hathorn Simon Thompson Total interest at 1 January 2006 Number of Shares vested during 2006(1) Number of shares lapsed during 2006 Total interest at 31 December 2006 Latest vesting period end date 32,219 (32,219) 7,802 8,498 (7,802) (8,498) – – – – – – n/a n/a n/a (1) During the year 5,267, 12,803 and shares vested to Barry Davison and Tony Lea under the 2003 DBP awards as follows: Number of shares vested Barry Davison Tony Lea Number of shares vested Date of conditional award Market price at date of award Market price at date of vesting Money value at date of vesting 2,637 2,630 28/3/2003 28/3/2003 12,803 28/3/2003 £9.28 R117.95 £9.28 £20.40 R221.34 £20.40 £53,795 R582,124 £261,181 ANGLO AMERICAN plc ANNUAL REPORT 2006 REMUNERATION REPORT 78 | Anglo American plc Annual Report 2006 Details of the deferred bonus matching shares vested in 2006 are as follows: Number of shares vested Number of shares vested Date of conditional award Market price at date of award Market price at date of vesting Money value at date of vesting Tony Trahar 22,572 28/3/2003 David Hathorn Simon Thompson 9,647 2,540 5,262 8,498 28/3/2003 28/3/2003 28/3/2003 28/3/2003 £9.28 R117.95 £9.28 R117.95 £9.28 £20.40 £460,469 R221.34 R2,135,267 £20.40 £51,816 R221.34 R1,164,691 £20.40 £173,359 Tony Trahar purchased 67 shares under the Share Incentive Plan (SIP) scheme during the year in addition to the 377 shares held by him at the beginning of the year. René Médori purchased 38 shares under the SIP scheme during the year. Simon Thompson purchased 67 shares under the SIP scheme during the year, in addition to the 240 shares held by him at 1 January 2006. If these shares are held for three years, they will be matched by the Company on a one-for-one basis, conditional upon the director’s continued employment. Participants in the SIP scheme are entitled to receive dividends on these matching shares. 10.6 Pensions 10.6.1 Directors’ pension arrangements Tony Trahar participated in deﬁ ned contribution pension arrangements in terms of his contract with Anglo American International (IOM) Limited, for services to be rendered outside South Africa. In 2006, normal contributions were payable at the rate of 35% of the basic salary payable under this contract. He also participated in the Anglo American Corporation Pension Fund (the Fund) in respect of his South African contract, whereby he accrues an annual pension at the rate of 2.2% of pensionable salary (as deﬁ ned in the rules of that scheme) for each year of pensionable service. This scheme provides spouse’s beneﬁ ts of two-thirds of the member’s pension on the death of a member. It does not have provision for guaranteed pension increases. David Hathorn participated in deﬁ ned contribution pension arrangements in terms of his contract with Anglo American International (IOM) Limited, for services to be rendered outside South Africa. In 2006, normal contributions were payable at the rate of 30% of the basic salary payable under this contract. He also participated in the Fund in respect of his South African contract, on the same terms as above. René Médori participated in deﬁ ned contribution pension arrangements in terms of his contract with Anglo American International (IOM) Limited. In 2006, normal contributions were payable on his behalf at the rate of 30% of the basic salary payable under this contract. Simon Thompson participated in deﬁ ned contribution pension arrangements in terms of his contract with Anglo American Services (UK) Limited. In 2006, contributions were payable on his behalf at the rate of 30% of the basic salary payable under this contract. No pension costs were incurred in respect of the non-executive directors, with the exception of Bobby Godsell, who continued to be a member of the AngloGold Ashanti Pension Fund (a deﬁ ned beneﬁ t pension scheme) in his capacity as chief executive of that company. 10.6.2 Deﬁ ned contribution pension schemes The amounts paid into deﬁ ned contribution pension schemes by the Group in respect of the individual directors were as follows: Directors Tony Trahar(1)(2) David Hathorn(2) René Médori(1) Simon Thompson(1)(3) Normal contributions(4) 2006 £000 354 143 168 156 (1) Tony Trahar, René Médori and Simon Thompson have contractually agreed with their employing companies that supplementary pension contributions should be made into their deﬁ ned contribution pension arrangements in return for, reductions in their future basic salaries and/or reductions in the cash element awarded under the BSP for performance in 2005. These supplementary contributions, of £866,000 (2005: £95,000), £145,000 (2005: £nil) and £242,000 (2005: £nil) respectively, are included in the directors’ emoluments table on page 74. (2) In addition to the contributions set out above, special pension contributions were made in 2006 in respect of the pension beneﬁ ts of Tony Trahar and of David Hathorn of £1,870,000 and £873,000 respectively. These special contributions were calculated by independent actuaries as being the amount necessary to replace pension beneﬁ ts forgone by Tony Trahar and David Hathorn in respect of their ﬁ nal salary pension arrangements. (3) Simon Thompson had accrued notional beneﬁ ts in a UK unapproved unfunded retirement beneﬁ t arrangement in respect of UK service prior to 6 April 2006. Following the changes in legislation relating to pensions in the UK applicable from that date, his beneﬁ ts accrued under this arrangement were paid by his employer into his personal pension arrangements. Accordingly, in addition to the contributions set out above, a special pension contribution of £603,000 was made in 2006. (4) Total contributions in 2005 amounted to £6,162,000 and further details are included in the 2005 Remuneration Report. Anglo American plc Annual Report 2006 | 79 ANGLO AMERICAN plc ANNUAL REPORT 2006 REMUNERATION REPORT 10.6.3 Deﬁ ned beneﬁ t pension schemes Tony Trahar and David Hathorn are eligible for membership of the Anglo American Corporation Pension Fund (the Fund) in respect of their South African remuneration. The Fund is a funded ﬁ nal salary occupational pension scheme approved by the Financial Services Board and the Commissioner of Inland Revenue in South Africa. Bobby Godsell participates in the AngloGold Ashanti Pension Fund. Additional beneﬁ t earned/(expended) (excluding inﬂ ation) during the year ended 31 December 2006 £000 Accrued entitlement as at 31 December 2006 £000 Transfer value of accrued beneﬁ ts as at 31 December 2006 Transfer value of accrued beneﬁ ts as at 31 December 2005 Increase/ (decrease) transfer value in the year less any personal contributions(1) (36) (40) 22 11 329 131 958 660 (631) (531) 4 269 3,338 3,757 (409) Executive directors Tony Trahar David Hathorn Non-executive directors Bobby Godsell(2) (1) The transfer value, less any personal contributions, of the increase/(decrease) in additional beneﬁ ts earned/(expended) during 2006 amounted for Tony Trahar, David Hathorn and Bobby Godsell to £20,000, £9,000 and £30,000 respectively. (2) In his capacity as Chief Executive of AngloGold Ashanti, Bobby Godsell is entitled to membership of the AngloGold Ashanti Pension Fund. The transfer values disclosed above do not represent a sum paid or payable to the individual director; instead, they represent potential liabilities of the pension schemes. 10.6.4 Excess retirement beneﬁ ts No person who served as a director of the Company during or before 2006 has been paid or received retirement beneﬁ ts in excess of the retirement beneﬁ ts to which he was entitled on the date on which beneﬁ ts ﬁ rst became payable (or 31 March 1997, whichever is later). 11. Sums paid to third parties in respect of a director’s services No consideration was paid to or became receivable by third parties for making available the services of any person: as a director of the Company, or while a director of the Company, as a director of any of the Company’s subsidiary undertakings, or as a director of any other undertaking of which he/she was (while a director of the Company) a director by virtue of the Company’s nomination, or otherwise in connection with the management of the Company or any undertaking during the year to 31 December 2006. 80 | Anglo American plc Annual Report 2006 12. Directors’ share interests The interests of directors who held ofﬁ ce during the period 1 January 2006 to 31 December 2006 in Ordinary Shares (Shares) of the Company and its subsidiaries were as follows: Shares in Anglo American plc As at 31 December 2006 (or, if earlier, date of resignation) Directors Tony Trahar David Hathorn René Médori(2) Beneﬁ cial Conditional Deferred bonus share match SIP(1) BSP Bonus Shares BSP Enhancement Shares LTIP 40,291 297 – 331,675 124,965 93,723 17,851 38 – 38 – 126,560 32,837 24,627 – 115,414 8,724 6,542 20,240 Other – – Simon Thompson 78,655 297 – 150,959 41,366 31,024 Sir Mark Moody-Stuart(3) 24,167 Ralph Alexander David Challen Chris Fay Bobby Godsell Sir Rob Margetts(4) 784 2,000 7,503 92 12,346 Maria Silvia Bastos Marques(5) 1,258 Nicky Oppenheimer(6) 42,126,048 Fred Phaswana Mamphela Ramphele(5) Karel Van Miert Peter Woicke(5) 13,920 102 500 1,484 – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – Non- beneﬁ cial(7) – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – As at 1 January 2006 (or, if later, date of appointment) Beneﬁ cial Conditional Deferred bonus share match SIP(1) BSP Bonus Shares BSP Enhancement Shares LTIP Other Non- beneﬁ cial(7) 51,227 377 32,219 336,141 95,924 71,943 – 367,778 23,431 – – – 7,802 114,141 22,833 17,124 – – 61,993 – – 50,600 Directors Tony Trahar David Hathorn René Médori(2) Simon Thompson 62,828 240 8,498 131,952 30,014 22,511 Sir Mark Moody-Stuart(3) 22,081 Ralph Alexander David Challen Chris Fay Bobby Godsell Sir Rob Margetts(4) 284 2,000 7,348 92 10,815 Maria Silvia Bastos Marques(5) Nicky Oppenheimer(6) Fred Phaswana Mamphela Ramphele(5) Karel Van Miert Peter Woicke(5) 752 59,126,045 11,514 – 500 – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 367,778 – – – – – 367,778 – – – – – – – – Anglo American plc Annual Report 2006 | 81 ANGLO AMERICAN plc ANNUAL REPORT 2006 REMUNERATION REPORT The following changes in the above interests occurred between 1 January 2007 and the date of this report: Shares in Anglo American plc As at 1 January 2007 Non- beneﬁ cial(7) Directors Tony Trahar David Hathorn René Médori(2) Beneﬁ cial Conditional Deferred bonus share match SIP(1) BSP Bonus Shares BSP Enhancement Shares LTIP 40,291 297 – 331,675 124,965 93,723 17,851 38 – 38 – 126,560 32,837 24,627 – 115,414 8,724 6,542 20,240 Other – – Simon Thompson 78,655 297 – 150,959 41,366 31,024 Sir Mark Moody-Stuart(3) 24,167 Ralph Alexander David Challen Chris Fay Bobby Godsell Sir Rob Margetts(4) 784 2,000 7,503 92 12,346 Nicky Oppenheimer(6) 42,126,048 Fred Phaswana Mamphela Ramphele(5) Karel Van Miert Peter Woicke(5) 13,920 102 500 1,484 – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – Beneﬁ cial Conditional As at 20 February 2007 Non- beneﬁ cial(7) Directors Cynthia Carroll(5) Tony Trahar David Hathorn René Médori(2) Deferred bonus share match SIP(1) – – – LTIP – BSP Bonus Shares BSP Enhancement Shares Other – – 40,321 287 – 331,675 124,965 93,723 17,851 48 – 48 – 126,560 32,837 24,627 – 115,414 8,724 6,542 20,240 – – – Simon Thompson 78,685 287 – 150,959 41,366 31,024 Sir Mark Moody-Stuart(3) 24,603 Ralph Alexander David Challen Chris Fay Bobby Godsell Sir Rob Margetts(4) 900 2,000 7,503 92 12,678 Nicky Oppenheimer(6) 42,126,048 Fred Phaswana Mamphela Ramphele(5) Karel Van Miert Peter Woicke(5) 14,443 303 500 1,950 – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 82 | Anglo American plc Annual Report 2006 – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – (1) Beneﬁ cially held SIP matching shares “released” after 3 years are disclosed in the beneﬁ cial interest total. (2) René Médori received 50,600 forfeitable shares not included in any share plans upon joining Anglo American plc, 30,360 were released to him on 1 May 2006; the remaining 20,240 will be released in May 2007, conditional upon his continued employment in the Group. (3) Sir Mark Moody-Stuart’s beneﬁ cial interest includes 12,500 Shares arising as a result of his interest in a family trust. (4) Sir Rob Margetts’ beneﬁ cial interest arises as a result of his wife’s interest in these Shares. (5) Peter Woicke was appointed on 1 January 2006. Mamphela Ramphele was appointed and Maria Silvia Bastos Marques resigned on 25 April 2006. Cynthia Carroll was appointed on 15 January 2007. Their interests are included up to or after that date as appropriate. (6) Nicky Oppenheimer’s beneﬁ cial interest in 42,126,048 of these Shares arises as a result of his interest in a discretionary trust which is treated as interested in 32,250,206 Shares in which E Oppenheimer & Son Holdings Limited is treated as interested and 6,870,745 Shares in which Central Holdings Limited is treated as interested. On 10 November 2006, E Oppenheimer & Son Holdings Limited disposed of 17,000,000 Shares by means of an off-market sale in London and accordingly Nicky Oppenheimer’s interest was reduced by that amount. The 6,870,745 Shares referred to above are Shares held by Debswana Diamond Company (Pty) Limited, in which Nicky Oppenheimer and Central Holdings Limited have no economic interest. His interest in 5,000 of these Shares arises as a result of his wife’s interest in a trust which has an indirect economic interest in those Shares. (7) Bobby Godsell and Nicky Oppenheimer were deemed to be interested in The Ernest Oppenheimer Memorial Trust’s holding of 367,778 shares of virtue of being Trustees and Tony Trahar was also deemed to be interested by virtue of his wife being a Trustee. Their interest ended upon the resignation of the Trustees on 15 March 2006. None of them is a beneﬁ ciary of the Trust. Shares in subsidiaries of Anglo American plc AngloGold Ashanti Limited Bobby Godsell As at 1 January 2006 As at 31 December 2006 Beneﬁ cial Non- beneﬁ cial Beneﬁ cial Non- beneﬁ cial 9,177 – 13,010 – Approval This directors’ remuneration report has been approved by the Board of directors of Anglo American plc. Signed on behalf of the Board of directors Sir Rob Margetts 20 February 2007 Anglo American plc Annual Report 2006 | 83 ANGLO AMERICAN plc ANNUAL REPORT 2006 REMUNERATION COMMITTEE Independent Remuneration Report Review This letter reports on the results of the review carried out by Mercer Human Resource Consulting Limited of the processes followed by the Anglo American Remuneration Committee (the Committee) that support the Remuneration Report for the ﬁ nancial year 2006. Mercer undertook the review at the request of the chairman of the Committee in order to provide shareholders with assurance that the remuneration processes followed are appropriate and that the Committee has complied with the policies set out in the Remuneration Report. In order to reach our opinion, we reviewed the Committee’s Terms of Reference and the minutes of its meetings held during the year as well as material presented to the Committee for its review. We also interviewed the Chairman and Secretary of the Committee. Our review was not intended to audit the compensation data set forth in the Remuneration Report or to evaluate the merits of Anglo American’s remuneration programme. Based on our review, Mercer is of the opinion that the processes followed by the Committee during 2006 were fully consistent with its Terms of Reference and that the decisions taken by the Committee were in line with the principles set out in the Remuneration Report. It continues to be our view that the Committee takes a suitably robust and pro-active approach to its work. We note the Committee has reﬁ ned its modus operandi each year taking into account any comments we have made in our reviews. In addition, the Committee has taken steps to improve its processes reﬂ ecting areas for improvement highlighted in the Evaluation of the Committee undertaken with input from external advisors. As a result we believe that the Anglo American Remuneration Committee is exemplary in its conduct, decision making and reporting. The members of the Remuneration Committee are regularly updated on executive compensation and corporate governance matters. Further detail regarding the Mercer review is included in a letter of this date addressed to the Committee Chairman which we understand will be made available on the Company’s website. Belinda Hudson Principal Mercer Human Resource Consulting Limited Tower Place London EC3R 5BU 13 February 2007 84 | Anglo American plc Annual Report 2006 STATEMENT OF DIRECTORS’ RESPONSIBILITIES Statement of directors’ responsibilities The directors are responsible for preparing the Annual Report and the ﬁ nancial statements in accordance with applicable law and regulations. Company law requires the directors to prepare ﬁ nancial statements for each ﬁ nancial year. The directors are required by the IAS Regulation to prepare the Group ﬁ nancial statements under International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) as adopted by the European Union. The Group ﬁ nancial statements are also required by law to be properly prepared in accordance with the Companies Act 1985 and Article 4 of the IAS Regulation. International Accounting Standard 1 requires that IFRS ﬁ nancial statements present fairly for each ﬁ nancial year the Company’s ﬁ nancial position, ﬁ nancial performance and cash ﬂ ows. This requires the faithful representation of the effects of transactions, other events and conditions in accordance with the deﬁ nitions and recognition criteria for assets, liabilities, income and expenses set out in the International Accounting Standards Board’s ‘Framework for the preparation and presentation of ﬁ nancial statements’. In virtually all circumstances, a fair presentation will be achieved by compliance with all applicable IFRS. However, directors are also required to: comparable and understandable information; and • properly select and apply accounting policies; • present information, including accounting policies, in a manner that provides relevant, reliable, • provide additional disclosures when compliance with the speciﬁ c requirements in IFRS are insufﬁ cient to enable users to understand the impact of particular transactions, other events and conditions on the entity’s ﬁ nancial position and ﬁ nancial performance. The directors have elected to prepare the parent company ﬁ nancial statements in accordance with United Kingdom Generally Accepted Accounting Practice (United Kingdom Accounting Standards and applicable law). The parent company ﬁ nancial statements are required by law to give a true and fair view of the state of affairs of the Company. In preparing these ﬁ nancial statements, the directors are required to: • select suitable accounting policies and then apply them consistently; • make judgements and estimates that are reasonable and prudent; • state whether applicable UK Accounting Standards have been followed, subject to any material departures disclosed and explained in the ﬁ nancial statements. The directors are responsible for keeping proper accounting records that disclose with reasonable accuracy at any time the ﬁ nancial position of the Company and enable them to ensure that the parent company ﬁ nancial statements comply with the Companies Act 1985. They are also responsible for safeguarding the assets of the Company and hence for taking reasonable steps for the prevention and detection of fraud and other irregularities. Anglo American plc Annual Report 2006 | 85 We read the other information contained in the Annual Report as described in the contents section and consider whether it is consistent with the audited Financial statements. We consider the implications for our report if we become aware of any apparent misstatements or material inconsistencies with the Financial statements. Basis of audit opinion We conducted our audit in accordance with International Standards on Auditing (UK and Ireland) issued by the Auditing Practices Board. An audit includes examination, on a test basis, of evidence relevant to the amounts and disclosures in the Financial statements and the part of the Remuneration report to be audited. It also includes an assessment of the signiﬁ cant estimates and judgements made by the directors in the preparation of the Financial statements, and of whether the accounting policies are appropriate to the Group’s and Company’s circumstances, consistently applied and adequately disclosed. We planned and performed our audit so as to obtain all the information and explanations which we considered necessary in order to provide us with sufﬁ cient evidence to give reasonable assurance that the Financial statements and the part of the Remuneration report to be audited are free from material misstatement, whether caused by fraud or other irregularity or error. In forming our opinion we also evaluated the overall adequacy of the presentation of information in the Financial statements and the part of the Remuneration report to be audited. Opinion In our opinion: • • • • • the Group ﬁ nancial statements give a true and fair view, in accordance with IFRSs as adopted by the European Union, of the state of the Group’s affairs as at 31 December 2006 and of its proﬁ t for the year then ended; the Group ﬁ nancial statements have been properly prepared in accordance with the Companies Act 1985 and Article 4 of the IAS Regulation; the Company ﬁ nancial statements give a true and fair view, in accordance with United Kingdom Generally Accepted Accounting Practice, of the state of the Company’s affairs as at 31 December 2006; the Company ﬁ nancial statements and the part of the Remuneration report to be audited have been properly prepared in accordance with the Companies Act 1985; and the information given in the directors’ report is consistent with the Financial statements. Deloitte & Touche LLP Chartered Accountants and Registered Auditors London 20 February 2007 ANGLO AMERICAN plc ANNUAL REPORT 2006 Independent auditors’ report to the members of Anglo American plc We have audited the Group and Company ﬁ nancial statements (the Financial statements) of Anglo American plc for the year ended 31 December 2006 which comprise the Consolidated income statement, the Consolidated balance sheet, the Consolidated cash ﬂ ow statement, the Consolidated statement of recognised income and expense, the Reconciliation from EBITDA to cash inﬂ ows from operations, the Accounting policies, the related notes 2 to 39, the Company Balance Sheet and the related notes. These Financial statements have been prepared under the accounting policies set out therein. We have also audited the information in the Remuneration report that is described as having been audited. This report is made solely to the Company’s members, as a body, in accordance with section 235 of the Companies Act 1985. Our audit work has been undertaken so that we might state to the Company’s members those matters we are required to state to them in an auditors’ report and for no other purpose. To the fullest extent permitted by law, we do not accept or assume responsibility to anyone other than the Company and the Company’s members as a body, for our audit work, for this report, or for the opinions we have formed. Respective responsibilities of directors and auditors The directors’ responsibilities for preparing the Annual Report and the Group ﬁ nancial statements in accordance with applicable law and International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRSs) as adopted by the European Union, and for preparing the Company ﬁ nancial statements and the Remuneration report in accordance with applicable law and United Kingdom Accounting Standards (United Kingdom Generally Accepted Accounting Practice) are set out in the Statement of directors’ responsibilities. Our responsibility is to audit the Financial statements and the part of the Remuneration report to be audited in accordance with relevant legal and regulatory requirements and International Standards on Auditing (UK and Ireland). We report to you our opinion as to whether the Financial statements give a true and fair view and whether the Financial statements and the part of the Remuneration report to be audited have been properly prepared in accordance with the Companies Act 1985 and whether, in addition, the Group ﬁ nancial statements have been properly prepared in accordance with Article 4 of the IAS Regulation. We also report to you whether in our opinion the information given in the directors’ report is consistent with the Financial statements. The information given in the directors’ report includes that speciﬁ c information presented in the operating and ﬁ nancial review that is cross referred from the business review section of the directors’ report. In addition we report to you if, in our opinion, the Company has not kept proper accounting records, if we have not received all the information and explanations we require for our audit, or if information speciﬁ ed by law regarding directors’ remuneration and other transactions is not disclosed. We review whether the corporate governance statement reﬂ ects the Company’s compliance with the nine provisions of the 2003 Combined Code speciﬁ ed for our review by the Listing Rules of the Financial Services Authority, and we report if it does not. We are not required to consider whether the Board’s statements on internal control cover all risks and controls, or form an opinion on the effectiveness of the Group’s corporate governance procedures or its risk and control procedures. 86 | Anglo American plc Annual Report 2006 Financial statements Contents Page Principal statements Consolidated income statement Consolidated balance sheet Consolidated cash ﬂ ow statement Consolidated statement of recognised income and expense Reconciliation from EBITDA to cash inﬂ ows from operations Notes to ﬁ nancial statements 1 Accounting policies 2 Segmental information 3 Proﬁ t for the ﬁ nancial year 4 Group operating proﬁ t from subsidiaries and joint ventures 5 Exploration expenditure 6 Employee numbers and costs 7 Special items and remeasurements 8 Net ﬁ nance costs 9 Tax on proﬁ t on ordinary activities 10 Dividends 11 Earnings per share 12 Intangible assets 13 Tangible assets 14 Biological assets 15 Environmental rehabilitation trusts 16 Investments in associates 17 Joint ventures 18 Financial asset investments 19 Inventories 20 Trade and other receivables 21 Trade and other payables 22 Financial assets 23 Financial liabilities 24 Financial instrument risk exposure, risk management and derivatives 25 Provisions for liabilities and charges 26 Deferred tax 27 Retirement beneﬁ ts 28 Called-up share capital and share-based payments 29 Reconciliation of changes in equity 30 Consolidated cash ﬂ ow analysis 31 Business combinations 32 Disposal of subsidiaries and businesses 33 Disposal groups and non-current assets held for sale 34 Capital commitments 35 Contingent liabilities and contingent assets 36 Operating leases 37 Related party transactions 38 Group companies 39 Events occurring after end of year 40 Financial statements of the parent company 88 89 90 91 91 92 96 98 99 99 99 100 102 102 102 103 103 104 104 104 105 105 105 106 106 106 106 106 108 110 110 111 113 118 119 120 120 122 122 122 122 122 123 124 125 Anglo American plc Annual Report 2006 | 87 ANGLO AMERICAN plc ANNUAL REPORT 2006 Consolidated income statement for the year ended 31 December 2006 US$ million Group revenue Total operating costs Note 2 Operating proﬁ t from subsidiaries and joint ventures 2,4 7 Net proﬁ t on disposals 2,16 Share of net income from associates Total proﬁ t from operations and associates Investment income Interest expense Net ﬁ nance costs Proﬁ t before tax Income tax (expense)/income Proﬁ t for the ﬁ nancial year Attributable to: Minority interests Equity shareholders of the Company Earnings per share (US$) Basic Diluted Dividends Proposed ordinary dividend per share (US cents) Proposed ordinary dividend (US$ million) Proposed special dividend per share (US cents) Proposed special dividend (US$ million) 2 8 9 3 11 11 10 10 10 10 Ordinary dividends paid during the year per share (US cents) 10 Ordinary dividends paid during the year (US$ million) 10 Special dividends paid during the year per share (US cents) Special dividends paid during the year (US$ million) 10 10 Before special items and remeasurements 2006 Special items and remeasurements (note 7) 2006 2006 Before special items Special items and and remeasurements (note 7) 2005 remeasurements 2005 33,072 (24,330) – (868) 33,072 (25,198) 29,434 (24,090) 8,742 – 582 9,324 609 (774) (165) 9,159 (2,763) 6,396 (868) 1,168 103 403 57 (57) – 403 123 526 7,874 1,168 685 9,727 666 (831) (165) 9,562 (2,640) 6,922 5,344 – 696 6,040 498 (926) (428) 5,612 (1,283) 4,329 – (487) (487) 87 (39) (439) 72 (37) 35 (404) 8 (396) 2005 29,434 (24,577) 4,857 87 657 5,601 570 (963) (393) 5,208 (1,275) 3,933 925 5,471 (189) 715 736 6,186 593 3,736 (181) (215) 412 3,521 4.21 4.12 75 1,107 – – 95 1,391 100 1,448 2.43 2.36 62 903 33 480 79 1,137 – – Underlying earnings and underlying earnings per share are set out in note 11. 88 | Anglo American plc Annual Report 2006 Consolidated balance sheet as at 31 December 2006 US$ million Intangible assets Tangible assets Biological assets Environmental rehabilitation trusts Investments in associates Financial asset investments Deferred tax assets Other ﬁ nancial assets (derivatives) Other non-current assets Total non-current assets Inventories Trade and other receivables Current tax assets Current ﬁ nancial asset investments Other current ﬁ nancial assets (derivatives) Cash and cash equivalents Total current assets Assets classiﬁ ed as held for sale Total assets Short term borrowings Trade and other payables Short term provisions Current tax liabilities Other current ﬁ nancial liabilities (derivatives) Total current liabilities Medium and long term borrowings Retirement beneﬁ t obligations Other ﬁ nancial liabilities (derivatives) Deferred tax liabilities Provisions Total non-current liabilities Liabilities directly associated with assets classiﬁ ed as held for sale Total liabilities Net assets Equity Called-up share capital Share premium account Other reserves Retained earnings Equity attributable to equity shareholders of the Company Minority interests Total equity The ﬁ nancial statements were approved by the Board of directors on 20 February 2007. Tony Trahar Chief executive René Médori Finance director Note 2006 2005 12 13 14 15 16 18 26 24 19 20 18 24 30 33 23 21 25 24 23 27 24 26 25 33 28,29 29 29 29 29 2,134 23,498 324 197 4,780 1,973 372 – 173 33,451 2,974 5,312 225 – 329 3,004 11,844 1,188 46,483 (2,028) (5,040) (62) (1,453) (216) (8,799) (4,220) (775) (304) (3,687) (1,024) 2,572 30,796 350 288 3,165 899 337 183 153 38,743 3,569 5,174 211 16 747 3,430 13,147 – 51,890 (2,076) (5,024) (19) (1,145) (1,286) (9,550) (6,363) (1,258) (508) (5,201) (1,432) (10,010) (547) (14,762) – (19,356) (24,312) 27,127 27,578 771 2,713 1,049 19,738 24,271 2,856 27,127 747 1,637 1,330 19,907 23,621 3,957 27,578 Anglo American plc Annual Report 2006 | 89 Note 30a 31 14 32 16 30b 30b 2006 10,057 276 12 (2,035) 8,310 (286) (11) (7) (3,686) (64) (40) (72) 240 1,520 2 40 394 124 80 – – (39) 2005 7,265 461 9 (954) 6,781 (298) (29) – (3,306) (55) (203) – 210 419 2 11 370 327 245 1 (69) (18) (1,805) (2,393) 5 71 259 (3,922) (426) (383) (2,888) 197 386 (16) 42 13 73 240 – (547) (421) (1,137) (1,356) (632) – (19) (6,675) (3,786) (170) 602 3,319 (170) (169) 2,980 2,781 602 (64) 3,319 ANGLO AMERICAN plc ANNUAL REPORT 2006 Consolidated cash ﬂ ow statement for the year ended 31 December 2006 US$ million Cash inﬂ ows from operations Dividends from associates Dividends from ﬁ nancial asset investments Income tax paid Net cash inﬂ ows from operating activities Cash ﬂ ows from investing activities Acquisition of subsidiaries, net of cash and cash equivalents acquired Investment in associates Investment in joint ventures Purchase of tangible assets Investment in biological assets Purchase of ﬁ nancial asset investments Loans granted to related parties Interest received and other investment income Disposal of subsidiaries, net of cash and cash equivalents disposed Sale of interests in joint ventures Sale of interests in associates Repayment of loans and capital from associates Proceeds from disposal of tangible assets Proceeds from sale of ﬁ nancial asset investments Loan repayments from related parties Utilised in hedge restructure Other investing activities Net cash used in investing activities Cash ﬂ ows from ﬁ nancing activities Cash inﬂ ow from current ﬁ nancial asset investments Issue of shares by subsidiaries to minority interests Sale of treasury shares to employees Purchase of treasury shares Interest paid Dividends paid to minority interests Dividends paid to Company shareholders Receipt/(repayment) of short term borrowings Receipt/(repayment) of medium and long term borrowings Capital element of ﬁ nance leases Other ﬁ nancing activities Net cash used in ﬁ nancing activities Net (decrease)/increase in cash and cash equivalents Cash and cash equivalents at start of year Cash movements in the year Effects of changes in foreign exchange rates Cash and cash equivalents at end of year 90 | Anglo American plc Annual Report 2006 Consolidated statement of recognised income and expense for the year ended 31 December 2006 US$ million Net gains on revaluation of available for sale investments Impairment of available for sale investments Loss on cash ﬂ ow hedges Loss on cash ﬂ ow hedges – associates Exchange losses on translation of foreign operations Actuarial net gains/(losses) on post retirement beneﬁ t schemes Actuarial net gains/(losses) on post retirement beneﬁ t schemes – associates Deferred tax Other movements Net expense recognised directly in equity Transferred to income statement: sale of available for sale investments Transferred to income statement: impairment of available for sale investments Transferred to income statement: cash ﬂ ow hedges Transferred to income statement: exchange differences on disposal of foreign operations Tax on items transferred from equity Total transferred to/(from) equity Proﬁ t for the year Total recognised income and expense for the year Attributable to: Minority interests Equity shareholders of the Company Reconciliation from EBITDA to cash inﬂ ows from operations for the year ended 31 December 2006 US$ million EBITDA(1) Share of operating proﬁ t of associates before special items and remeasurements Underlying depreciation and amortisation in associates Share-based payment charges Fair value gains before special items and remeasurements Additional pension contributions Provisions Increase in inventories Increase in operating receivables Increase in operating payables Other adjustments Cash inﬂ ows from operations (1) EBITDA is operating proﬁ t before special items, remeasurements, depreciation and amortisation in subsidiaries and joint ventures and share of EBITDA of associates: US$ million Operating proﬁ t including associates’ operating proﬁ t before special items and remeasurements Depreciation and amortisation Subsidiaries and joint ventures Associates EBITDA 2006 492 (13) (502) (117) (439) 102 3 60 – (414) (27) 13 148 9 (33) 110 2005 31 – (316) – (2,182) (171) (24) 140 5 (2,517) (32) – (8) – – (40) 6,922 6,618 3,933 1,376 603 6,015 82 1,294 2006 2005 12,197 (1,090) (329) 189 (152) (232) 11 (377) (625) 470 (5) 10,057 2006 9,832 2,036 329 12,197 8,959 (1,032) (142) 92 (278) – 113 (453) (600) 539 67 7,265 2005 6,376 2,441 142 8,959 Anglo American plc Annual Report 2006 | 91 ANGLO AMERICAN plc ANNUAL REPORT 2006 Notes to the ﬁ nancial statements 1. Accounting policies Basis of preparation The ﬁ nancial statements have been prepared in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) and IFRIC interpretations adopted for use by the European Union and with those parts of the Companies Act 1985 applicable to companies reporting under IFRS. The ﬁ nancial statements have been prepared under the historical cost convention as modiﬁ ed by the recording of pension assets and liabilities and the revaluation of biological assets and certain ﬁ nancial instruments. A summary of the principal Group accounting policies is set out with an explanation of changes to previous policies following adoption of new accounting standards and interpretations in the year. The details of the elections made on conversion to IFRS were set out in the 31 December 2005 Annual Report. The preparation of ﬁ nancial statements in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles requires the use of estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities at the date of the ﬁ nancial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Although these estimates are based on management’s best knowledge of the amount, event or actions, actual results ultimately may differ from those estimates. Details of the Group’s signiﬁ cant accounting policies and critical accounting estimates are set out in the ‘operating and ﬁ nancial review’ and form part of these ﬁ nancial statements; these are set out on pages 9 to 55. Signiﬁ cant areas of management uncertainty include: • useful economic lives of assets and ore resources estimates; • • • impairment of assets; restoration, rehabilitation and environmental costs; and retirement beneﬁ ts. Early adoption of standards and changes in accounting policies The Group has adopted early with effect from 1 January 2006 the following standards and interpretations as at 31 December 2006: • • • • IFRIC 7 Applying the Restatement Approach under IAS 29 Financial Reporting in Hyperinﬂ ationary Economies; IFRIC 8 Scope of IFRS 2; IFRIC 9 Reassessment of embedded derivatives; and IFRIC 10 Interim Financial Reporting and Impairment. These have not had a material impact on the Group and there have not been any other signiﬁ cant changes in accounting policies in the period. Basis of consolidation The ﬁ nancial statements incorporate a consolidation of the ﬁ nancial statements of the Company and entities controlled by the Company (its subsidiaries) made up to 31 December each year. Control is achieved where the Company has the power to govern the ﬁ nancial and operating policies of an investee entity so as to obtain beneﬁ ts from its activities. The results of subsidiaries acquired or disposed of during the year are included in the consolidated income statement from the effective date of acquisition or up to the effective date of disposal, as appropriate. Where necessary, adjustments are made to the results of subsidiaries, joint ventures and associates to bring their accounting policies into line with those used by the Group. Intra-group transactions, balances, income and expenses are eliminated on consolidation, where appropriate. For non-wholly owned subsidiaries, share of the net assets and proﬁ t for the ﬁ nancial year is attributed to the minority interests as shown on the consolidated income statement and balance sheet. Any losses applicable to the minority interests in excess of the total recognised minority interests are allocated against the interests of the parent until such time as future proﬁ ts have exceeded the losses previously absorbed. Associates Associates are investments over which the Group is in a position to exercise signiﬁ cant inﬂ uence, but not control or joint control, through participation in the ﬁ nancial and operating policy decisions of the investee. Typically the Group owns between 20% and 50% of the voting equity of its associates. Investments in associates are accounted for using the equity method of accounting except when classiﬁ ed as held for sale. 92 | Anglo American plc Annual Report 2006 The Group’s share of associates’ net income is based on their most recent audited ﬁ nancial statements or unaudited interim statements drawn up to the Group’s balance sheet date. The total carrying values of investments in associates represent the cost of each investment including the carrying value of goodwill, the share of post acquisition retained earnings, any other movements in reserves and any long term debt interests which in substance form part of the Group’s net investment. The carrying values of associates are reviewed on a regular basis and if an impairment in value has occurred, it is written off in the period in which those circumstances are identiﬁ ed. The Group’s share of an associate’s losses in excess of its interest in that associate is not recognised unless the Group has an obligation to fund such losses. Joint venture entities A joint venture entity is an entity in which the Group holds a long term interest and shares joint control over the strategic, ﬁ nancial and operating decisions with one or more other venturers under a contractual arrangement. The Group’s share of the assets, liabilities, income, expenditure and cash ﬂ ows of such jointly controlled entities are accounted for using proportionate consolidation. Proportionate consolidation combines the Group’s share of the results of the joint venture entity on a line by line basis with similar items in the Group’s ﬁ nancial statements. Joint venture operations The Group has contractual arrangements with other participants to engage in joint activities other than through a separate entity. The Group includes its assets, liabilities, expenditure and its share of revenue in such joint venture operations with similar items in the Group’s ﬁ nancial statements. Revenue recognition Revenue is derived principally from the sale of goods and is measured at the fair value of consideration received or receivable, after deducting discounts, volume rebates, value added tax and other sales taxes. Sales of concentrate are stated at their invoiced amount which is net of treatment and reﬁ ning charges. A sale is recognised when the signiﬁ cant risks and rewards of ownership have passed. This is usually when title and insurance risk has passed to the customer and the goods have been delivered to a contractually agreed location. Revenue from metal mining activities is based on the payable metal sold. Sales of certain commodities are ‘provisionally priced’ such that the price is not settled until a predetermined future date based on the market price at that time. Revenue on these sales is initially recognised (when the above criteria are met) at the current market price. ‘Provisionally priced’ sales are marked to market at each reporting date using the forward price for the period equivalent to that outlined in the contract. This mark to market adjustment is recorded in revenue. Revenues from the sale of material by-products are included within revenue. Where a by-product is not regarded as signiﬁ cant, revenue may be credited against the cost of sales. Interest income is accrued on a time basis, by reference to the principal outstanding and at the effective interest rate applicable. Dividend income from investments is recognised when the shareholders’ rights to receive payment have been established. Business combinations and goodwill arising thereon At the date of acquisition, the identiﬁ able assets, liabilities and contingent liabilities of a subsidiary, joint venture entity or an associate which can be measured reliably are recorded at their provisional fair values at the date of acquisition. Any excess of the cost of acquisition over the fair values of the identiﬁ able net assets acquired is attributed to goodwill. Provisional fair values are ﬁ nalised within 12 months of the acquisition date. Goodwill in respect of subsidiaries and joint ventures is included within intangible assets. Goodwill relating to associates is included within the carrying value of the associate. Where the fair values of the identiﬁ able net assets acquired exceeds the cost of the acquisition, the surplus, which represents the discount on the acquisition, is credited to the income statement in the period of acquisition. For non-wholly owned subsidiaries, minority interests are initially recorded at the minorities’ proportion of the fair values for the assets and liabilities recognised at acquisition. 1. Accounting policies continued Tangible assets Mining properties and leases include the cost of acquiring and developing mining properties and mineral rights. Mining properties are depreciated down to their residual values using the unit of production method based on proven and probable reserves. Depreciation is charged on new mining ventures from the date that the mining property is capable of commercial production. When there is little likelihood of a mineral right being exploited, or the value of the exploitable mineral right has diminished below cost, a write down to the recoverable amount is charged to the income statement. For open pit operations the removal of overburden or waste ore is required to obtain access to the orebody. The costs associated with this process (known as stripping) which are incurred during the production phase are deferred and charged to operating costs using the expected average stripping ratio over the average life of the area being mined. The average stripping ratio is calculated as the number of tonnes of waste material expected to be removed during the life of mine, per tonne of ore mined. The average life of mine cost per tonne is calculated as the total expected costs to be incurred to mine the orebody divided by the number of tonnes expected to be mined. The average life of mine stripping ratio and the average life of mine cost per tonne is recalculated annually in light of additional knowledge and changes in estimates. The cost of stripping in any period will therefore be reﬂ ective of the average stripping rates for the orebody as a whole. Changes in the life of mine stripping ratio are accounted for prospectively as a change in estimate. Land and properties in the course of construction are carried at cost, less any recognised impairment. Depreciation commences when the assets are ready for their intended use. Buildings and plant and equipment are depreciated down to their residual values at varying rates, on a straight line basis over their estimated useful lives or the life of mine, whichever is shorter. Estimated useful lives normally vary from up to 20 years for items of plant and equipment to a maximum of 50 years for buildings. Residual values and estimated useful lives are reviewed at least annually. Assets held under ﬁ nance leases are depreciated over the shorter of the lease term and the estimated useful lives of the assets. Any impairment is recognised immediately in the income statement. Impairments of goodwill are not subsequently reversed. Research and exploration expenditure Research and exploration expenditure is written off in the year in which it is incurred. When a decision is taken that a mining property is economically feasible and should be developed for commercial production, all further directly attributable, pre-production expenditure is capitalised within tangible assets. Capitalisation of pre-production expenditure ceases when the mining property is capable of commercial production. Capitalised pre-production expenditure prior to commercial production is assessed for impairment in accordance with the Group accounting policy stated above. Biological assets: afforestation and other agricultural activity Afforestation and other agricultural assets are measured at their fair values less estimated selling costs during the period of biological transformation, from initial recognition up to the point of harvest. The fair values are determined based on current market prices for the assets in their present location and condition. Changes in fair value are recognised in the income statement within other gains and losses for the period between planting and harvest. At point of harvest, the carrying value of afforestation and other agricultural assets is transferred to inventory. Directly attributable costs incurred during the period of biological transformation are capitalised and the associated cash ﬂ ows are presented within ‘cash ﬂ ows from investing activities’ in the cash ﬂ ow statement. Inventory Inventory and work in progress are valued at the lower of cost and net realisable value. The production cost of inventory includes an appropriate proportion of depreciation and production overheads. Cost is determined on the following bases: • • • raw materials and consumables are valued at cost on a ﬁ rst in, ﬁ rst out (FIFO) basis; ﬁ nished products are valued at raw material cost, labour cost and a proportion of manufacturing overhead expenses; and metal and coal stocks are included within ﬁ nished products and are valued at average cost. Non-mining licences and other intangibles Non-mining licences and other intangibles are measured initially at purchase cost and are amortised on a straight line basis over their estimated useful lives. Estimated useful lives vary between three and ﬁ ve years. At precious metals operations that produce ‘joint products’, cost is allocated between products according to the ratio of contribution of these metals to gross sales revenues. Impairment of tangible and intangible assets excluding goodwill At each balance sheet date, the Group reviews the carrying amounts of its tangible and intangible assets to determine whether there is any indication that those assets are impaired. If any such indication exists, the recoverable amount of the asset is estimated in order to determine the extent of the impairment, if any. Where the asset does not generate cash ﬂ ows that are independent from other assets, the Group estimates the recoverable amount of the cash generating unit (CGU) to which the asset belongs. An intangible asset with an indeﬁ nite useful life is tested for impairment annually and whenever there is an indication that the asset may be impaired. Recoverable amount is the higher of fair value less costs to sell and value in use. In assessing value in use, the estimated future cash ﬂ ows are discounted to their present value using a pre-tax discount rate that reﬂ ects current market assessments of the time value of money and the risks speciﬁ c to the asset for which estimates of future cash ﬂ ows have not been adjusted. If the recoverable amount of an asset or CGU is estimated to be less than its carrying amount, the carrying amount of the asset or CGU is reduced to its recoverable amount. An impairment is recognised immediately as an expense. Where an impairment subsequently reverses, the carrying amount of the asset or CGU is increased to the revised estimate of its recoverable amount, but so that the increased carrying amount does not exceed the carrying amount that would have been determined had no impairment been recognised for the asset or CGU in prior years. A reversal of an impairment is recognised as income immediately. Impairment of goodwill Goodwill arising on business combinations is allocated to the group of CGU that are expected to beneﬁ t from the synergies of the combination and represents the lowest level at which goodwill is monitored by the Group’s Board of directors for internal management purposes. Details of the CGU to which goodwill is allocated are provided in note 12. The recoverable amount of the group of CGU to which goodwill has been allocated is tested for impairment annually on a consistent date during each ﬁ nancial year, or when such events or changes in circumstances indicate that it may be impaired. Retirement beneﬁ ts The Group operates both deﬁ ned beneﬁ t and deﬁ ned contribution schemes for its employees as well as post retirement medical plans. For deﬁ ned contribution schemes the amount charged to the income statement is the contributions paid or payable during the year. For deﬁ ned beneﬁ t pension and post retirement medical plans, full actuarial valuations are carried out every three years using the projected unit credit method and updates are performed for each ﬁ nancial year end. The average discount rate for the plans’ liabilities is based on AA rated corporate bonds of a suitable duration and currency or, where there is no ‘deep market’ for such bonds, based on government bonds. Pension plans’ assets are measured using period end market values. Actuarial gains and losses, which can arise from differences between expected and actual outcomes or changes in actuarial assumptions, are recognised immediately in the ‘Consolidated statement of recognised income and expense’. Any increase in the present value of plan liabilities expected to arise from employee service during the period is charged to operating proﬁ t. The expected return on plan assets and the expected increase during the period in the present value of plan liabilities are included in investment income and interest expense. Past service cost is recognised immediately to the extent that the beneﬁ ts are already vested and otherwise is amortised on a straight line basis over the average period until the beneﬁ ts become vested. The retirement beneﬁ t obligation recognised in the balance sheet represents the present value of the deﬁ ned beneﬁ t obligation as adjusted for unrecognised past service costs and as reduced by the fair value of scheme assets. Any asset resulting from this calculation is limited to past service cost, plus the present value of available refunds and reductions in future contributions to the plan. Anglo American plc Annual Report 2006 | 93 ANGLO AMERICAN plc ANNUAL REPORT 2006 Notes to the ﬁ nancial statements continued 1. Accounting policies continued Taxation The tax expense represents the sum of the current tax charge and the movement in deferred tax. The tax currently payable is based on taxable proﬁ t for the year. Taxable proﬁ t differs from net proﬁ t as reported in the income statement because it excludes items of income or expense that are taxable or deductible in other years and it further excludes items that are not taxable or deductible. The Group’s liability for current tax is calculated using tax rates that have been enacted or substantively enacted by the balance sheet date. Deferred tax is the tax expected to be payable or recoverable on differences between the carrying amount of assets and liabilities in the ﬁ nancial statements and the corresponding tax basis used in the computation of taxable proﬁ t and is accounted for using the balance sheet liability method. Deferred tax liabilities are generally recognised for all taxable temporary differences and deferred tax assets are recognised to the extent that it is probable that taxable proﬁ ts will be available against which deductible temporary differences can be utilised. Such assets and liabilities are not recognised if the temporary differences arise from the initial recognition of goodwill or an asset or liability in a transaction (other than in a business combination) that affects neither the tax proﬁ t nor accounting proﬁ t. Deferred tax liabilities are recognised for taxable temporary differences arising on investments in subsidiaries, joint ventures, and associates, except where the Group is able to control the reversal of the temporary difference and it is probable that the temporary difference will not reverse in the foreseeable future. The carrying amount of deferred tax assets is reviewed at each balance sheet date and is adjusted to the extent that it is no longer probable that sufﬁ cient taxable proﬁ t will be available to allow all or part of the asset to be recovered. Deferred tax is calculated at the tax rates that are expected to apply in the period when the liability is settled or the asset is realised. Deferred tax is charged or credited in the income statement, except when it relates to items charged or credited directly to equity, in which case the deferred tax is also taken directly to equity. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are offset when they relate to income taxes levied by the same taxation authority and the Group intends to settle its current tax assets and liabilities on a net basis. Leases In addition to lease contracts, other signiﬁ cant contracts are assessed to determine whether, in substance, they are or contain a lease. This includes assessment of whether the arrangement is dependent on use of a speciﬁ c asset and right to use that asset is conveyed through the contract. Rental costs under operating leases are charged to the income statement in equal annual amounts over the lease term. Assets held under ﬁ nance leases are recognised as assets of the Group on inception of the lease at the lower of fair value or the present value of the minimum lease payments derived by discounting at the interest rate implicit in the lease. The interest element of the rental is charged against proﬁ t so as to produce a constant periodic rate of interest on the remaining balance of the liability, unless it is directly attributable to qualifying assets, in which case it is capitalised in accordance with the Group’s general policy on borrowing costs (see below). Non-current assets held for sale and discontinued operations Non-current assets (and disposal groups) are classiﬁ ed as held for sale if their carrying amount will be recovered through a sale transaction rather than through continuing use. This condition is regarded as met only when it is highly probable and the asset (or disposal group) is available for immediate sale in its present condition. Management must be committed to the sale which should be expected to qualify for recognition as a completed sale within one year from the date of classiﬁ cation. Non-current assets (and disposal groups) are classiﬁ ed as held for sale from the date these conditions are met and are measured at the lower of carrying amount and fair value less costs to sell. Any resulting impairment is reported through the income statement as a special item. On classiﬁ cation as held for sale the assets are no longer depreciated. Comparative amounts are not adjusted. Where an asset or business has been sold or is classiﬁ ed as held for sale and is either a, or part of a, single co-ordinated plan to dispose of either a separate major line of business or geographical area of operation, or is a subsidiary acquired exclusively with a view to sale, it is considered to be a ‘discontinued operation’. Once an operation has been identiﬁ ed as discontinued, its net proﬁ t is separately presented and comparative information is restated. Restoration, rehabilitation and environmental costs An obligation to incur restoration, rehabilitation and environmental costs arises when environmental disturbance is caused by the development or ongoing production of a mining property. Such costs arising from the decommissioning of plant and other site preparation work, discounted to their net present value, are provided for and capitalised at the start of each project, as soon as the obligation to incur such costs arises. These costs are charged against proﬁ ts over the life of the operation, through the depreciation of the asset and the unwinding of the discount on the provision. Costs for restoration of subsequent site damage which is created on an ongoing basis during production are provided for at their net present values and charged against proﬁ ts as extraction progresses. Changes in the measurement of a liability relating to the decommissioning of plant or other site preparation work that result from changes in the estimated timing or amount of the cash ﬂ ow, or a change in the discount rate, are added to, or deducted from, the cost of the related asset in the current period. If a decrease in the liability exceeds the carrying amount of the asset, the excess is recognised immediately in the income statement. If the asset value is increased and there is an indication that the revised carrying value is not recoverable, an impairment test is performed in accordance with the accounting policy above. For some South African operations annual contributions are made to dedicated environmental rehabilitation trusts to fund the estimated cost of rehabilitation during and at the end of the life of the relevant mine. The Group exercises full control of these trusts and therefore the trusts are consolidated. The trusts’ assets are recognised separately on the balance sheet as non-current assets at fair value. Interest earned on funds invested in the environmental rehabilitation trusts are accrued on a time proportion basis and recognised as interest income. Foreign currency transactions and translation Foreign currency transactions by Group companies are booked in their functional currencies at the exchange rate ruling on the date of transaction. At each balance sheet date, monetary assets and liabilities that are denominated in foreign currencies are retranslated at the rates prevailing on the balance sheet date. Gains and losses arising on retranslation are included in proﬁ t or loss for the period and are classiﬁ ed as either operating or ﬁ nancing depending on the nature of the monetary item giving rise to them. On consolidation, the assets and liabilities of the Group’s overseas operations are translated into the presentation currency of the Group at exchange rates prevailing on the balance sheet date. Income and expense items are translated at the average exchange rates for the period where these approximate the rates at the dates of transactions. Exchange differences arising, if any, are classiﬁ ed within equity and transferred to the Group’s currency translation reserve. Exchange differences on foreign currency loans that form part of the Group’s net investment in these foreign operations are offset in the currency translation reserve. Cumulative translation differences are recognised as income or expense in the period in which the operation they relate to is disposed of. Goodwill and fair value adjustments arising on the acquisition of a foreign entity are treated as assets of the foreign entity and translated at the closing rate. Borrowing costs Interest on borrowings directly relating to the ﬁ nancing of qualifying capital projects under construction is added to the capitalised cost of those projects during the construction phase, until such time as the assets are substantially ready for their intended use or sale which, in the case of mining properties, is when they are capable of commercial production. Where funds have been borrowed speciﬁ cally to ﬁ nance a project, the amount capitalised represents the actual borrowing costs incurred. Where the funds used to ﬁ nance a project form part of general borrowings, the amount capitalised is calculated using a weighted average of rates applicable to relevant general borrowings of the Group during the period. All other borrowing costs are recognised in proﬁ t or loss in the period in which they are incurred. 94 | Anglo American plc Annual Report 2006 1. Accounting policies continued Share-based payments The Group has applied the requirements of IFRS 2 Share-based Payment. In accordance with the transitional provisions, IFRS 2 has been applied to all grants of equity instruments after 7 November 2002 that had not vested as at 1 January 2005. Financial liabilities and equity instruments Financial liabilities and equity instruments are classiﬁ ed and accounted for as debt or equity according to the substance of the contractual arrangements entered into. An equity instrument is any contract that evidences a residual interest in the assets of the Group after deducting all of its liabilities. The Group makes equity settled share-based payments to certain employees, which are measured at fair value at the date of grant. For those share schemes, excluding share options, which do not include non-market vesting conditions, the fair value is determined using the Monte Carlo method at the grant date and expensed on a straight line basis over the vesting period, based on the Group’s estimate of shares that will eventually vest. The fair value of share options issued with non-market vesting conditions has been calculated using the Black Scholes model. For all other share awards, the fair value is determined by reference to the market value of the share at the date of grant. For all share schemes with non-market related vesting conditions, the likelihood of vesting has been taken into account when determining the relevant charge. Vesting assumptions are reviewed during each reporting period to ensure they reﬂ ect current expectations. Black economic empowerment (BEE) transactions Where the Group disposes of a portion of a South African based subsidiary or operation to a BEE Company at a discount to fair value, the transaction is considered to be a share-based payment (in line with the principle contained in South Africa interpretation AC 503 Accounting for Black Economic Empowerment (BEE) Transactions). The discount provided or value given is calculated in accordance with IFRS 2 and included in the determination of the proﬁ t or loss on disposal. Employee beneﬁ t trust The carrying value of shares held by the employee beneﬁ t trust are recorded as treasury shares, shown as a reduction in retained earnings within shareholders’ equity. Presentation currency As permitted by UK company law, the Group results are presented in US dollars, the currency in which most of its business is conducted. Cash and cash equivalents Cash and cash equivalents comprise cash on hand and demand deposits, together with short term, highly liquid investments that are readily convertible to a known amount of cash and that are subject to an insigniﬁ cant risk of changes in value. Bank overdrafts are, however, shown within short term borrowings in current liabilities on the balance sheet. Cash and cash equivalents in the cash ﬂ ow statement are shown net of overdrafts. Trade receivables Trade receivables do not carry any interest and are stated generally at their nominal value as reduced by appropriate allowances for estimated irrecoverable amounts. Such allowances are raised based on an assessment of debtor ageing, past experience or known customer circumstances. Trade payables Trade payables are not interest bearing and are stated at their nominal value. Equity instruments Equity instruments issued by the Company are recorded at the proceeds received, net of direct issue costs. Investments Investments, other than investments in subsidiaries, joint ventures and associates, are ﬁ nancial asset investments and are initially recorded at fair value. At subsequent reporting dates, ﬁ nancial assets that the Group has the expressed intention and ability to hold to maturity (‘held to maturity’) as well as loans and receivables are measured at amortised cost, less any impairment. The amortisation of any discount or premium on the acquisition of a held to maturity investment is recognised in the income statement in each period using the effective interest method. Investments other than those classiﬁ ed as held to maturity or loans and receivables are classiﬁ ed as either fair value through proﬁ t or loss (which includes investments held for trading) or available for sale investments. Both sub-categories are measured at each reporting date at fair value. Where investments are held for trading purposes, unrealised gains and losses for the period are included in the income statement for the period within other gains and losses. For available for sale investments, unrealised gains and losses are recognised in equity until the investment is disposed or impaired, at which time the cumulative gain or loss previously recognised in equity is included in the income statement. Current ﬁ nancial asset investments consist mainly of bank term deposits and ﬁ xed and ﬂ oating rate debt securities. Debt securities that are intended to be held to maturity are recorded on the amortised cost basis. Debt securities that are not intended to be held to maturity are recorded at the lower of cost and market value. Convertible debt Convertible bonds denominated in the functional currency of the entity issuing the shares are regarded as compound instruments, consisting of a liability and an equity component. At the date of issue, the fair value of the liability component is estimated using the prevailing market interest rate for similar non-convertible debt and is recorded within borrowings. The difference between the proceeds of issue of the convertible bond and the fair value assigned to the liability component, representing the embedded option to convert the liability into equity of the Group, is included in equity. Where the embedded option is in a convertible bond denominated in a currency other than the functional currency of the entity issuing the shares, the option is classiﬁ ed as a liability. The option is marked to market with subsequent gains and losses being recorded through the income statement within net ﬁ nance costs. Issue costs are apportioned between the liability and equity components of the convertible bonds where appropriate based on their relative carrying amounts at the date of issue. The portion relating to the equity component is charged directly against equity. The interest expense on the liability component is calculated by applying the effective interest rate for similar non-convertible debt to the liability component of the instrument. The difference between this amount and the interest paid is added to the carrying amount of the convertible bond. Bank borrowings Interest bearing bank loans and overdrafts are recorded at the proceeds received, net of direct transaction costs. Finance charges, including premiums payable on settlement or redemption and direct issue costs, are accounted for on an accruals basis and charged to the income statement using the effective interest method. They are added to the carrying amount of the instrument to the extent that they are not settled in the period in which they arise. Derivative ﬁ nancial instruments and hedge accounting In order to hedge its exposure to foreign exchange, interest rate and commodity price risk, the Group enters into forward, option and swap contracts. The Group does not use derivative ﬁ nancial instruments for speculative purposes. Commodity based (normal purchase or normal sale) contracts that meet the requirements of IAS 39 Financial Instruments: Recognition and Measurement are recognised in earnings when they are settled by physical delivery. All derivatives are held at fair value in the balance sheet within other ﬁ nancial assets (derivatives) or other ﬁ nancial liabilities (derivatives), and, when designated as hedges, are classiﬁ ed as current or non-current depending on the maturity of the derivative. Derivatives that are not designated as hedges are classiﬁ ed as current, in accordance with IAS 1 Presentation of Financial Statements, even when their actual maturity is expected to be greater than one year. Changes in the fair value of derivative ﬁ nancial instruments that are designated and effective as hedges of future cash ﬂ ows are recognised directly in equity. The gain or loss relating to the ineffective portion is recognised immediately in the income statement. If the cash ﬂ ow hedge of a ﬁ rm commitment or forecast transaction results in the recognition of a non-ﬁ nancial asset or a liability, then, at the time the asset or liability is recognised, the associated gains or losses on the derivative that had previously been recognised in equity are included in the initial measurement of the asset or liability. For hedges that do not result in the recognition of a non- ﬁ nancial asset or a liability, amounts deferred in equity are recognised in the income statement in the same period in which the hedged item affects proﬁ t or loss. For an effective hedge of an exposure to changes in fair value, the hedged item is adjusted for changes in fair value attributable to the risk being hedged with the corresponding entry in proﬁ t or loss. Gains or losses from remeasuring the associated derivative are recognised in proﬁ t or loss. The gain or loss on hedging instruments relating to the effective portion of a net investment hedge is recognised in equity. The ineffective portion is recognised immediately in the income statement. Gains or losses accumulated in equity are included in the income statement when the foreign operations are disposed of. Changes in the fair value of any derivative instruments that are not hedge accounted are recognised immediately in the income statement and are classiﬁ ed within other gains and losses or net ﬁ nance costs depending on the type of risk the derivative relates to. Anglo American plc Annual Report 2006 | 95 ANGLO AMERICAN plc ANNUAL REPORT 2006 Notes to the ﬁ nancial statements continued 1. Accounting policies continued Hedge accounting is discontinued when the hedging instrument expires or is sold, terminated, exercised, revoked, or no longer qualiﬁ es for hedge accounting. At that time, any cumulative gain or loss on the hedging instrument recognised in equity is retained in equity until the forecast transaction occurs. If a hedge transaction is no longer expected to occur, the net cumulative gain or loss previously recognised in equity is included in the income statement for the period. Derivatives embedded in other ﬁ nancial instruments or non-ﬁ nancial host contracts are treated as separate derivatives when their risks and characteristics are not closely related to those of their host contracts and the host contracts themselves are not carried at fair value with unrealised gains or losses reported in the income statement. Derecognition of ﬁ nancial assets and liabilities Financial assets are derecognised when the rights to receive cash ﬂ ows from the asset have expired, the right to receive cash ﬂ ows has been retained but an obligation to on-pay them in full without material delay has been assumed or the right to receive cash ﬂ ows has been transferred together with substantially all the risks and rewards of ownership. Financial liabilities are derecognised when the associated obligation has been discharged, cancelled or has expired. New IFRS accounting standards and interpretations not yet adopted IFRS 7 Financial Instruments: Disclosures replaces the disclosure requirements of IAS 32 Financial Instruments: Presentation & Disclosure. This standard incorporates many of the existing disclosures under IAS 32 as well as additional qualitative and quantitative disclosures on the risks arising from ﬁ nancial instruments. In addition amendments to capital disclosures, within IAS 1, forming part of the IFRS 7 IASB project will result in the disclosure of the Group’s objectives, policies and processes for managing capital, quantitative data about the Group’s capital and statement of compliance with capital requirements. IFRS 8 Operating Segments replaces the segmental reporting requirements of IAS 14 Segment Reporting. The key change is to align the determination of segments in the ﬁ nancial statements with that used by management in their resource allocation decisions. This standard is yet to be adopted for use by the European Union and is not expected to have signiﬁ cant impact on existing disclosure. IFRIC 11 Group and Treasury Share Transactions clariﬁ es that the manner in which an entity obtains the shares to satisfy its obligations in terms of a share-based payment transaction does not inﬂ uence the classiﬁ cation of that transaction as equity settled or cash settled. In addition, where an entity satisﬁ es a share-based payment by issue of its parent’s shares (rather than the parent making the share-based payment directly) the interpretation requires that these be treated as cash settled rather than equity settled. From the Group perspective this is not expected to have a material impact. IFRIC 12 Service Concession Arrangements is designed to provide clariﬁ cation on the application of existing IFRS. This is not expected to have a material impact for the Group. 2. Segmental information Based on risks and returns the directors consider the primary reporting format is by business segment and the secondary reporting format is by geographical segment. The analysis of associates’ revenue by business segment is provided here for completeness and consistency. The segmental analysis of associates’ net income is shown below and the Group’s aggregate investment in those associates required by IAS 14 Segment Reporting, is set out in note 16. On 20 April 2006 the Group completed the sale of 19.7 million ordinary shares held in AngloGold Ashanti Limited for cash of $978 million. This, together with the Group’s non-participation in the issue of ordinary shares throughout the year by AngloGold Ashanti, diluted the Group’s percentage investment from 50.9% to 41.7%. As a result of this, the Group is no longer considered to ‘control’ AngloGold Ashanti and therefore the investment is now reﬂ ected in the Group accounts on an equity accounted basis. This change in accounting treatment is effective from the date of the sale and therefore the current year includes AngloGold Ashanti’s 100% consolidated contribution to proﬁ t for the period 1 January to 20 April 2006 and the appropriate share of AngloGold Ashanti’s proﬁ t for the period after 20 April 2006 until the year end. 96 | Anglo American plc Annual Report 2006 Primary reporting format – by business segment US$ million 2006 2005 2006 2005 2006 2005 Segment result Segment after special items revenue(1) and remeasurements(2) and remeasurements Segment result before special items Subsidiaries and joint ventures 5,766 Platinum Gold 857 Coal 2,726 Base Metals 6,252 Industrial Minerals 4,274 Ferrous Metals and Industries 5,973 Paper and Packaging 7,224 Exploration – Corporate Activities – Total subsidiaries and joint ventures Revenue and net income from associates Platinum Gold Diamonds Coal Industrial Minerals Ferrous Metals and Industries Paper and Packaging Total associates Total Group operations including net income from associates Net proﬁ t on disposals Total proﬁ t from operations and associates 95 883 3,148 607 17 546 269 5,565 3,646 2,629 2,766 3,647 4,043 6,030 6,673 – – 2,337 228 607 3,876 334 1,303 466 (132) (277) 835 332 752 2,337 (142) 482 1,678 3,884 37 1,324 374 (132) (290) 366 1,308 484 (150) (261) 835 (50) 753 1,667 350 1,312 401 (150) (261) 33,072(3) 29,434(3) 8,742 5,344 7,874 4,857 68 15 3,316 583 30 743 283 5,038 40 113 199 185 1 38 6 582 12 – 386 192 3 96 7 696 40 72 337 185 1 44 6 685 12 (2) 257 192 3 189 6 657 38,637 34,472 9,324 6,040 8,559 1,168 5,514 87 9,727 5,601 For information, a segmental analysis of associates’ operating proﬁ t is set out below to show operating proﬁ t for total Group operations including associates. US$ million Total subsidiaries and joint ventures Associates Platinum Gold Diamonds Coal Industrial Minerals Ferrous Metals and Industries Paper and Packaging Total associates Total Group operations including operating proﬁ t from associates Operating proﬁ t before special items and remeasurements Operating proﬁ t after special items and remeasurements 2006 2005 2006 2005 8,742 5,344 7,874 4,857 61 239 463 257 2 57 11 1,090 19 – 583 267 4 148 11 1,032 61 133 446 257 2 57 11 967 19 (2) 431 267 4 149 11 879 9,832 6,376 8,841 5,736 (1) By-product revenue credited to Group cost of sales for the year ended 31 December 2006 was $34 million (2005: $76 million) and related principally to AngloGold Ashanti’s contribution as a subsidiary; AngloGold Ashanti credits sales of uranium, silver and acid to cost of sales in accordance with the Gold Industry Standard on production cost. (2) Segment result is deﬁ ned as being segment revenue less segment expense; that is operating proﬁ t and gains and losses from foreign currency derivatives that have been recycled in the income statement being cash ﬂ ow hedges of sales and purchases. In addition ‘Share of net income from associates’ is shown by segment. There are no material inter-segment transfers or transactions that would affect the segment result. Special items and remeasurements are set out in note 7. Associates’ operating proﬁ t is reconciled to ‘Share of net income from associates’ as follows: US$ million Operating proﬁ t from associates before special items and remeasurements Operating special items and remeasurements Operating proﬁ t from associates after special items and remeasurements Net proﬁ t on disposals Financing remeasurements Net ﬁ nance costs (before remeasurements) Income tax expense (after special items and remeasurements) Minority interests (after special items and remeasurements) Share of net income from associates 2006 2005 1,090 (123) 1,032 (153) 967 199 26 (101) (368) (38) 685 879 98 7 (51) (274) (2) 657 (3) This represents segment revenue; the Group’s share of associates’ revenue ﬁ gures are provided for additional information. 2. Segmental information continued The segment result and associates’ operating proﬁ t before special items and remeasurements, as shown above, is reconciled to ‘Proﬁ t for the ﬁ nancial year’ as follows: US$ million Operating proﬁ t, including associates, before special items and remeasurements Operating special items and remeasurements Subsidiaries and joint ventures Gold Coal Base Metals Industrial Minerals Ferrous Metals and Industries Paper and Packaging Corporate Activities Associates Gold Diamonds Ferrous Metals and Industries 2006 2005 9,832 6,376 (868) (370) (125) 8 (297) 21 (92) (13) (123) (106) (17) – (487) (382) 1 (11) (16) 4 (83) – (153) (2) (152) 1 8,841 5,736 Operating proﬁ t, including associates, after special items and remeasurements Net proﬁ t on disposals Subsidiaries and joint ventures Associates Associates’ net ﬁ nance costs Associates’ ﬁ nancing remeasurements Associates’ income tax expense Associates’ tax on special items and remeasurements Associates’ minority interests Associates’ minority interests on special items and remeasurements Total proﬁ t from operations and associates Net ﬁ nance costs before special items and remeasurements Financing special items Financing remeasurements Proﬁ t before tax Income tax expense Proﬁ t for the ﬁ nancial year 1,168 199 (101) 26 (369) 1 (38) – 9,727 (165) (4) 4 87 98 (51) 7 (281) 7 (4) 2 5,601 (428) – 35 9,562 5,208 (2,640) (1,275) 3,933 6,922 Primary segment disclosures for segment assets, liabilities and capital expenditure are as follows: US$ million 2006 2005 2006 2005 2006 2005 2006 2005 Segment assets(1) Segment liabilities(2) Net segment assets Capital expenditure(3) 7,721 7,550 – 7,890 3,646 3,024 4,899 5,358 5,487 5,041 (643) (532) 7,078 7,018 – (908) – 6,982 (784) (780) 2,862 2,244 (631) (573) 4,268 4,785 (963) (1,059) 4,524 3,982 (733) 3,529 5,341 4,439 8,113 7,400 (1,094) (1,035) 7,019 6,365 (3) (902) 2,796 (3) (2) (1) – 1 200 251 27 33,596 41,855 (5,254) (6,102) 28,342 35,753 4,013 3,428 (404) (204) (310) (59) 29 935 196 789 298 402 660 704 – 685 721 331 273 312 376 703 – (1) Segment assets at 31 December 2006 are operating assets and consist primarily of tangible assets ($23,498 million), intangible assets ($2,134 million), biological assets ($324 million), environmental rehabilitation trusts ($197 million), inventories ($2,974 million), pension and post retirement healthcare assets ($110 million) and operating receivables ($4,359 million). Segment assets at 31 December 2005 are operating assets and consist primarily of tangible assets ($30,796 million), intangible assets ($2,572 million), biological assets ($350 million), environmental rehabilitation trusts ($288 million), inventories ($3,569 million), pension and post retirement healthcare assets ($77 million) and operating receivables ($4,203 million). (2) Segment liabilities at 31 December 2006 are operating liabilities and consist primarily of non-interest bearing current liabilities ($3,732 million), restoration and decommissioning provisions ($747 million) and provisions for post retirement beneﬁ ts ($775 million). Segment liabilities at 31 December 2005 are operating liabilities and consist primarily of non-interest bearing current liabilities ($3,749 million), restoration and decommissioning provisions ($1,095 million) and provisions for post retirement beneﬁ ts ($1,258 million). (3) Capital expenditure reﬂ ects cash payments and accruals in respect of additions to tangible assets and intangible assets of $3,711 million (2005: $3,377 million) (see notes 13 and 12 respectively) and includes additions resulting from acquisitions through business combinations of $302 million (2005: $51 million). Other primary segment items included in the income statement are as follows: US$ million 2006 2005 2006 2005 2006 2005 Depreciation and amortisation (Impairments)/ reversals(1) Other non- cash expenses(2) Platinum Gold Coal Base Metals Industrial Minerals Ferrous Metals and Industries Paper and Packaging Exploration Corporate Activities 444 183 172 338 244 428 538 188 312 248 199 439 – 17 2,036 300 411 – 16 2,441 – – (115) – (283) 11 (100) – (13) (500) – (96) – 1 (16) 8 (83) – – (186) 72 12 27 127 17 37 21 2 40 355 55 50 14 68 36 56 17 1 41 338 (1) See operating special items in note 7. (2) Other non-cash expenses include share-based payment charges and charges in respect of environmental rehabilitation provisions and other provisions. Secondary reporting format – by geographical segment The Group’s geographical analysis of revenue, allocated based on the country in which the customer is located, is as follows. The geographical analysis of the Group’s attributable revenue from associates is provided for completeness and consistency. US$ million Subsidiaries and joint ventures South Africa Rest of Africa Europe North America South America Australia and Asia Total subsidiaries and joint ventures Associates South Africa Rest of Africa Europe North America South America Australia and Asia Total associates Total Group operations including associates Revenue 2006 2005 5,788 607 5,280 505 14,640 13,629 2,740 1,723 5,557 33,072 29,434 2,349 2,831 6,857 463 22 1,609 1,898 40 1,533 5,565 169 40 1,500 1,768 29 1,532 5,038 38,637 34,472 4,780 3,165 1,973 915 – – – 4,780 3,165 – 1,973 915 The Group’s geographical analysis of segment assets, liabilities and capital expenditure, allocated based on where assets and liabilities are located, is: Segment assets Segment liabilities Net segment assets Capital expenditure 372 337 (3,687) (5,201) (3,315) (4,864) US$ million 2006 2005 2006 2005 2006 2005 2006 2005 3,004 3,430 – – 3,004 3,430 329 930 (520) (1,794) (191) (864) 2,429 1,258 (3,308) (2,420) (356) (339) – (879) (1,162) (339) (356) – (6,248) (8,439) (6,248) (8,439) 46,483 51,890 (19,356) (24,312) 27,127 27,578 – – 732 14,144 18,965 4,142 11,208 10,048 500 South Africa Rest of Africa Europe North America South America 4,594 Australia and Asia 2,530 5,124 388 3,076 33,596 41,855 (2,056) (2,689) 12,088 16,276 1,935 1,890 (82) (298) 650 3,844 (1,858) (1,926) 9,350 8,122 (108) (646) (504) (59) 280 (543) 3,948 (587) 2,026 441 4,581 2,489 75 927 202 301 573 261 658 28 317 274 (5,254) (6,102) 28,342 35,753 4,013 3,428 Anglo American plc Annual Report 2006 | 97 Platinum Gold Coal Base Metals Industrial Minerals Ferrous Metals and Industries Paper and Packaging Exploration Corporate Activities Unallocated Investments in associates Financial asset investments Deferred tax assets/ (liabilities) Cash and cash equivalents Other ﬁ nancial assets/ (liabilities) – derivatives Other non-operating assets/(liabilities) Other provisions Borrowings Net assets ANGLO AMERICAN plc ANNUAL REPORT 2006 Notes to the ﬁ nancial statements continued 2. Segmental information continued Additional geographical analysis by origin is as follows: US$ million 2006 2005 2006 2005 2006 2005 Operating proﬁ t before special items and remeasurements(1) and remeasurements(1) Operating proﬁ t after special items Revenue Subsidiaries and joint ventures South Africa Rest of Africa Europe North America South America Australia and Asia Total subsidiaries and joint ventures Associates South Africa Rest of Africa Europe North America South America Australia and Asia Total associates Total Group operations including associates 13,123 11,981 1,193 9,748 531 3,873 2,108 717 11,178 386 5,786 1,882 33,072 29,434 3,969 213 844 26 3,423 267 2,651 63 694 27 3,827 16 475 3 1,732 3,390 163 177 2,482 (156) 600 (11) 1,704 238 8,742 5,344 7,874 4,857 1,358 2,365 722 66 647 407 5,565 1,479 2,138 753 – 525 143 5,038 275 383 108 33 212 79 1,090 217 468 47 – 189 111 1,032 238 330 107 2 206 84 967 193 356 30 – 189 111 879 38,637 34,472 9,832 6,376 8,841 5,736 (1) Special items and remeasurements are set out in note 7. 3. Proﬁ t for the ﬁ nancial year The table below analyses the contribution of each business segment to the Group’s operating proﬁ t including operating proﬁ t from associates for the ﬁ nancial year and its underlying earnings, which the directors consider to be a useful additional measure of the Group’s performance. A reconciliation from ‘Proﬁ t for the ﬁ nancial year’ to ‘Underlying earnings for the ﬁ nancial year’ is given in note 11. Group operating proﬁ t including operating proﬁ t from associates is reconciled to ‘Proﬁ t for the ﬁ nancial year’ in the table below: US$ million Operating proﬁ t/(loss) before special items and Operating proﬁ t/(loss) after special items and remeasurements(1) remeasurements Operating special items and remeasurements(2) Net proﬁ t on disposals(2) remeasurements(2) Financing special items and By business segment Platinum Gold Diamonds Coal Base Metals Industrial Minerals Ferrous Metals and Industries Paper and Packaging Exploration Corporate Activities Total/Underlying earnings Underlying earnings adjustments Proﬁ t for the ﬁ nancial year attributable to equity shareholders of the Company 2,398 467 463 864 3,876 336 1,360 477 (132) (277) 9,832 2,398 (9) 446 739 3,884 39 1,381 385 (132) (290) 8,841 – 476 17 125 (8) 297 (21) 92 – 13 991 (991) – – – – – – – – – – – 1,367 – – – – – – – – – – – 26 US$ million Operating proﬁ t/(loss) before special items and Operating proﬁ t/(loss) after special items and remeasurements(1) remeasurements Operating special items and remeasurements(2) Net proﬁ t on disposals(2) remeasurements(2) Financing special items and By business segment Platinum Gold Diamonds Coal Base Metals Industrial Minerals Ferrous Metals and Industries Paper and Packaging Exploration Corporate Activities Total/Underlying earnings Underlying earnings adjustments Proﬁ t for the ﬁ nancial year attributable to equity shareholders of the Company 854 332 583 1,019 1,678 370 1,456 495 (150) (261) 6,376 854 (52) 431 1,020 1,667 354 1,461 412 (150) (261) 5,736 – 384 152 (1) 11 16 (5) 83 – – 640 (640) – – – – – – – – – – – 185 – – – – – – – – – – – 42 (1) Operating proﬁ t includes associates’ operating proﬁ t which is reconciled to ‘Share of net income from associates’ in note 2. (2) Special items and remeasurements are set out in note 7. Net interest, tax and minority interests (1,133) (289) (236) (224) (1,229) (70) (777) (203) 19 (219) (4,361) 313 Net interest, tax and minority interests (371) (227) (153) (295) (438) (103) (699) (199) 35 (190) (2,640) 198 2006 Total 1,265 178 227 640 2,647 266 583 274 (113) (496) 5,471 715 6,186 2005 Total 483 105 430 724 1,240 267 757 296 (115) (451) 3,736 (215) 3,521 98 | Anglo American plc Annual Report 2006 4. Group operating proﬁ t from subsidiaries and joint ventures US$ million Group revenue Cost of sales(1) Gross proﬁ t Selling and distribution costs Administrative expenses Other gains and losses (see below) Exploration expenditure (see note 5) Group operating proﬁ t from subsidiaries and joint ventures 2006 2005 33,072 29,434 (20,310) (20,015) 9,419 12,762 (2,184) (2,101) (2,380) (2,288) (23) (150) 4,857 (192) (132) 7,874 (1) Includes special items of $524 million loss (2005: $186 million loss), see note 7. US$ million Operating proﬁ t is stated after charging: Depreciation of tangible assets (see note 13) Amortisation of intangible assets (see note 12) Rentals under operating leases Research and development expenditure Operating special items(1) Employee costs (see note 6) Foreign currency gains Other gains and losses comprise: Fair value losses on derivatives – unrealised(1) Fair value gains on derivatives – realised Fair value gains on other monetary assets Gains on valuation of biological assets (see note 14) On initial recognition Change in fair value less estimated point of sale costs Total other gains and losses Auditors’ remuneration(2) Audit United Kingdom Overseas Other services provided by Deloitte(3) United Kingdom Overseas 2006 2005 2,029 7 178 46 524 4,860 (32) 2,432 9 190 40 186 5,366 (116) (344) 66 32 54 47 7 (301) 151 82 45 43 2 (192) (23) 3 13 7 6 3 16 3 5 (1) For further information on special items and remeasurements see note 7. (2) The 2005 comparative numbers have been reclassiﬁ ed to align with current year presentation. (3) Other services provided by Deloitte includes charges incurred in respect of the interim review. A more detailed analysis of auditors’ remuneration for the year ended 31 December 2006 is provided below. 2006 US$ million Statutory audit services Anglo American plc Annual Report Subsidiary entities Comprises: Services to Group (excluding pension schemes) Services to Group pension schemes Non-audit services Other services pursuant to legislation Corporate ﬁ nance Tax services Tax advisory services Other advisory services Consultancy services Internal audit services Other Comprises: Services to Group (excluding pension schemes) Services to Group pension schemes Paid/payable Paid/payable to auditor (if not Deloitte) to Deloitte United United Kingdom Overseas Kingdom Overseas 1.7 1.4 3.1 3.1 – (1) 3.1 5.5 0.1 – 0.1 0.7 – – 0.1 6.5 6.5 – (1) 6.5 5.8 4.6 10.4 10.3 0.1 10.4 1.9 – 0.5 1.2 0.3 1.3 0.1 0.4 5.7 5.7 – (1) 5.7 0.1 – 0.1 0.1 – (1) 0.1 – 0.5 – – – – – – 0.5 0.5 – (1) 0.5 1.6 1.0 2.6 2.6 – (1) 2.6 1.2 0.2 – 0.2 – 0.8 0.9 0.3 3.6 3.6 – (1) 3.6 (1) Amounts paid/payable for services to Group pension schemes are less than $0.1 million. US$ million Statutory audit services Anglo American plc Annual Report Subsidiary entities Comprises: Services to Group (excluding pension schemes) Services to Group pension schemes Non-audit services Other services pursuant to legislation Corporate ﬁ nance Tax services Tax advisory services Other advisory services Consultancy services Information technology services Internal audit services Litigation services Valuations and actuarial services Other Comprises: Services to Group (excluding pension schemes) Services to Group pension schemes 2005 Paid/payable Paid/payable to auditor (if not Deloitte) to Deloitte United United Kingdom Overseas Kingdom Overseas 1.8 1.4 3.2 5.8 4.6 10.4 0.1 – 0.1 3.4 2.3 5.7 3.2 –(1) 3.2 10.3 0.1 10.4 0.1 –(1) 0.1 5.7 –(1) 5.7 2.0 – 0.2 0.1 0.1 – – – – – 0.4 2.8 1.2 0.2 0.3 0.9 0.4 1.0 0.3 – 0.1 – 0.7 5.1 – – – – – – – – – – – – 0.3 0.4 – 0.1 0.5 0.6 – 0.8 – 0.2 0.4 3.3 2.8 –(1) 2.8 5.1 –(1) 5.1 – –(1) – 3.3 –(1) 3.3 (1) Amounts paid/payable for services to Group pension schemes are less than $0.1 million. Fees payable to Deloitte and their associates for non-audit services to the Company are not required to be disclosed because the consolidated ﬁ nancial statements are required to disclose such fees on a consolidated basis. 5. Exploration expenditure US$ million By business segment Platinum Gold (1) Coal Base Metals Ferrous Metals and Industries 2006 2005 30 16 24 53 9 132 21 45 13 50 21 150 (1) Relating to the period that AngloGold Ashanti was held as a subsidiary. 6. Employee numbers and costs The average number of employees, excluding associates’ employees and including a proportionate share of employees within joint venture entities, was: Thousands By business segment Platinum Gold (1) Coal Base Metals Industrial Minerals Ferrous Metals and Industries Paper and Packaging Corporate Activities 2006 2005 44 15 10 8 13 37 34 1 162 42 48 11 7 13 36 37 1 195 (1) Includes employee numbers for AngloGold Ashanti for the period it was held as a subsidiary pro rated over the full year. Anglo American plc Annual Report 2006 | 99 ANGLO AMERICAN plc ANNUAL REPORT 2006 Notes to the ﬁ nancial statements continued 6. Employee numbers and costs continued Subsidiaries and joint ventures The average number of employees by principal location of employment was: US$ million 2006 2005 Thousands South Africa Rest of Africa Europe North America South America Australia and Asia 2006 2005 94 16 39 1 7 5 162 118 22 40 1 9 5 195 Payroll costs in respect of the employees included in the tables above were: US$ million Wages and salaries Social security costs Post retirement healthcare costs Deﬁ ned contribution pension plan costs Deﬁ ned beneﬁ t pension plan costs Share-based payments 2006 2005 4,069 317 7 210 68 189 4,860 4,627 399 8 203 37 92 5,366 In accordance with IAS 24 Related Party Disclosures, key management personnel are those persons having authority and responsibility for planning, directing and controlling the activities of the entity, directly or indirectly, including any director (executive and non-executive) of the Group. Compensation for key management was as follows: US$ million Salaries and short term employee beneﬁ ts Post employment beneﬁ ts Other long term beneﬁ ts National insurance and social security Share-based payments 2006 2005 19 7 – 3 10 39 15 15 1 1 8 40 Disclosure of directors’ emoluments, pension entitlements, share options and long term incentive plan awards required by the Companies Act 1985 and those speciﬁ ed for audit by the Directors’ Remuneration Report Regulations 2002 are included in the Remuneration report. 7. Special items and remeasurements ‘Special items’ are those items of ﬁ nancial performance that the Group believes should be separately disclosed on the face of the income statement to assist in the understanding of the underlying ﬁ nancial performance achieved by the Group and its businesses. Such items are material by nature or amount to the year’s results and require separate disclosure in accordance with IAS 1 Presentation of ﬁ nancial statements paragraph 86. Special items that relate to the operating performance of the Group are classiﬁ ed as operating special items and include impairment charges and reversals and other exceptional items, including signiﬁ cant legal provisions. Non-operating special items include proﬁ ts and losses on disposals of investments and businesses. Remeasurements comprise other items which the Group believes should be reported separately to aid an understanding of the underlying performance of the Group. This category includes (i) unrealised gains and losses on ‘non-hedge’ derivative instruments open at year end and the reversal of the historical marked to market value of instruments settled in the year, such that the full realised gain or loss is recorded in underlying earnings in the same year as the underlying transaction for which such instruments provide an economic, but not formally designated, hedge and (ii) foreign exchange gains and losses arising on the retranslation of dollar denominated De Beers’ preference shares held by a rand functional currency subsidiary of the Group. Remeasurements are deﬁ ned as operating, non-operating or ﬁ nancing according to the nature of the underlying expense. Operating special items Impairment of Tarmac assets and restructuring costs Impairment and closure costs of Dartbrook Impairment of Packaging assets Impairment of Business Paper assets Impairment of Corrugated assets, goodwill and restructuring costs Impairment of Bibiani Closure of Ergo Other Total operating special items Taxation Minority interests Net total attributable to equity shareholders of the Company Operating remeasurements Unrealised net losses on non-hedge derivatives Taxation Minority interests Net total attributable to equity shareholders of the Company Financing special items Financing special items Taxation Minority interests Net total attributable to equity shareholders of the Company Financing remeasurements Fair value loss on AngloGold Ashanti convertible bond Foreign exchange gain on De Beers’ preference shares Unrealised net gains/(losses) on non-hedge derivatives Total ﬁ nancing remeasurements Taxation Minority interests Net total attributable to equity shareholders of the Company Proﬁ ts and (losses) on disposals Part disposal of AngloGold Ashanti(1) Deemed disposal of AngloGold Ashanti(1) Part disposal of Highveld(1) Part disposal of Kumba non-iron ore(1) Bakgatla-Ba-Kgafela BEE transaction(1) Part disposal of Western Areas Disposal of mineral rights – Anglo American Brazil Disposal of interests in Eyesizwe Disposal of Ferroveld joint venture Formation of Marikana joint venture Disposal of Acerinox Disposal of Wendt Disposal of Boart Longyear Disposal of Elandsfontein Disposal of Columbus Disposal of Hope Downs Part disposal of Mondi Packaging South Africa Other items Net proﬁ t on disposals(2) Taxation Minority interests Net total attributable to equity shareholders of the Company (278) (125) (80) (24) – – – (17) (524) 114 2 (408) (344) 42 159 (143) (4) – – (4) (43) 40 7 4 (1) 21 24 737 172 301 (52) (84) 31 14 17 13 – – – – – – – – 19 1,168 (32) 7 1,143 (12) – – – (77) (38) (31) (28) (186) 14 38 (134) (301) 22 130 (149) – – – – (32) 72 (5) 35 (2) 16 49 – – – – – 14 – – – 27 25 21 21 18 14 (57) (12) 16 87 (26) (3) 58 Total special items and remeasurements before tax and minority interests Taxation Minority interests Net total special items and remeasurements attributable to equity shareholders of the Company (1) See disposal of subsidiaries and businesses note 32. (2) Includes associated IFRS 2 charges on BEE transactions of $34 million (2005: nil). 300 123 189 (365) 8 181 612 (176) 100 | Anglo American plc Annual Report 2006 7. Special items and remeasurements continued Associates US$ million Associates’ special items and remeasurements Share of De Beers’ class action payment and related costs Unrealised net losses on non-hedge derivatives Other impairments and restructuring costs Operating special items and remeasurements Associates’ ﬁ nancing remeasurements Fair value gain on AngloGold Ashanti convertible bond Unrealised net gains on non-hedge derivatives Total ﬁ nancing remeasurements Associates’ proﬁ ts and (losses) on disposals Part disposal of De Beers Consolidated Mines Disposal of Fort à la Corne Disposal of Samancor Chrome Disposal of Wonderkop joint venture interest Other items (net) Net proﬁ t on disposals Total associates’ special items and remeasurements Taxation Minority interests Net total associates’ special items and remeasurements Group US$ million Operating special items Operating remeasurements Total operating special items and remeasurements (excluding associates) Associates’ operating special items Associates’ operating remeasurements Total associates’ operating special items and remeasurements Total operating special items and remeasurements (including associates) Operating special items including associates Operating remeasurements including associates Total operating special items and remeasurements (including associates) Special items and remeasurements Operating special items of $524 million (2005: $186 million) relate principally to impairment, restructuring and closure costs. Following the conclusion of its strategic review, Industrial Minerals has identiﬁ ed certain non-core assets which are to be sold and other assets which are to be restructured and, as such, Tarmac has recorded a combined impairment and restructuring charge of $278 million. On 18 May 2006 the Group announced that due to ongoing geological difﬁ culties, Anglo Coal intends to implement a phased reduction of operations at Dartbrook. As such, an impairment charge and closure costs of $125 million have been recognised. Paper and Packaging has recorded an additional impairment of $80 million mainly of certain downstream Packaging assets as a result of continued challenging market conditions and $24 million at Mondi Business Paper of ﬁ xed assets at the Austrian businesses. The impairment of Tarmac assets brings the carrying value in line with fair value (less costs to sell). Fair value was determined using detailed cash ﬂ ow models. The impairment of Dartbrook and Paper and Packaging assets were based on value in use assessments of recoverable amount using a pre-tax, risk free discount rate which equated to a post tax rate of 6%. Unrealised net losses of $344 million (2005: $301 million) on non-hedge derivatives have been included in operating remeasurements. These unrealised losses were recorded principally at AngloGold Ashanti, during the period it was held as a subsidiary prior to 20 April 2006, and relate to fair value movements on commodity derivatives. Associates’ special items and remeasurements 2006 2005 (25) (85) (13) (123) (113) (16) (24) (153) Associates’ operating special items and remeasurements include $25 million for the Group’s share of De Beers’ payment in respect of class action suits ($20 million) and related legal costs ($5 million). Agreement has been reached, and a preliminary order issued, to settle the majority of civil class action suits ﬁ led against De Beers in the United States. This settlement does not involve any admission of liability on the part of De Beers and will, when concluded, bring to an end a number of outstanding class actions. In 2005, De Beers paid $250 million ($113 million attributable share) into escrow and an additional $45 million ($20 million attributable share) has been paid by De Beers, in 2006, into escrow pending conclusion of the settlement process. 25 1 26 103 69 – – 27 199 102 1 – 103 – 7 7 – – 52 20 26 98 (48) 7 2 (39) The Group’s share of unrealised net losses on non-hedge derivatives of AngloGold Ashanti incurred during the period of ownership as an associate, partially offset by gains at De Beers, totalled $85 million. Financing remeasurements The option element of AngloGold Ashanti’s convertible bond is recorded at fair value with changes going through the income statement in accordance with IAS 32 Financial Instruments: Disclosure and Presentation and IAS 39 Financial Instruments: Recognition and Measurement. As a result, a charge of $43 million (2005: $32 million) has been included in ﬁ nancing remeasurements, relating to the period it was held as a subsidiary. The Group holds US dollar preference shares issued by De Beers which are held in a rand functional currency subsidiary of the Group. These shares are classiﬁ ed as ‘non-current investments’ and are retranslated at each period end. As a result, a gain of $40 million (2005: $72 million) has been included in ﬁ nancing remeasurements. Associates’ ﬁ nancing remeasurements 2006 2005 (524) (344) (186) (301) The Group’s share of the associates’ ﬁ nancing remeasurements includes a share of the fair value movement of the option element of the AngloGold Ashanti convertible bond which generated a gain of $25 million during the period that this investment was recorded as an associate, and a share of the net unrealised gains on non-hedge ﬁ nancing derivatives of $1 million in De Beers. (868) (487) Proﬁ ts and losses on disposals (38) (85) (123) (137) (16) (153) (991) (640) (562) (429) (323) (317) (991) (640) On 20 April 2006 the Group completed the sale of 19.7 million ordinary shares held in AngloGold Ashanti for cash of $978 million. This, together with the Group’s non-participation in the issue of additional ordinary shares throughout the year by AngloGold Ashanti, diluted the Group’s percentage investment from 50.9% to 41.7%. As such the Group has recorded a proﬁ t on disposal of $737 million in respect of shares sold and a proﬁ t on the deemed disposal of $172 million, arising from the non-participation in the issue of ordinary shares by AngloGold Ashanti. On 14 July 2006, the Group announced the sale of Anglo American’s 79% stake in Highveld Steel and Vanadium Corporation Limited (Highveld) to Evraz Group SA and Credit Suisse for a total consideration of $678 million. An initial 49.8% was sold for $412 million, with Evraz Group SA and Credit Suisse each acquiring a 24.9% holding. Evraz Group SA has an option to acquire Anglo American’s remaining 29.2% in Highveld for $266 million. Anglo American and Credit Suisse have agreed that Anglo American will retain the voting rights in respect of the shares acquired by Credit Suisse until such time as Anglo American disposes of all of its shares in Highveld. As a result, the Group continues to consolidate Highveld (while recording an increase in minority interests) and has recorded a proﬁ t on the disposal of $301 million. On 28 November 2006 the Kumba Resources BEE transaction was effected. Kumba Iron Ore was accordingly unbundled from Kumba Resources, with the remainder of the entity being renamed Exxaro. The Group disposed of part of its investment in Exxaro through a share buyback and sale of shares and recorded a loss on disposal of $52 million. Platinum has recorded a loss of $84 million on the conclusion of the BEE transaction with the Bakgatla-Ba-Kgafela traditional community, announced on 8 November 2006, in which the Bakgatla has acquired a 15% interest in Anglo Platinum’s Rustenburg Platinum Mines’ Union section mining and concentrating business and interests in the prospecting rights of the Rooderand 46 JQ, portion 2 and Magazynskraal 3 JQ properties. Associates’ proﬁ ts and losses on disposals In April 2006, De Beers announced that agreements had been signed in respect of the implementation of the De Beers BEE transaction resulting in the sale of an indirect 26% equity interest in De Beers Consolidated Mines Limited to Ponahalo Holdings (Proprietary) Limited. The total agreed proceeds for the transaction were $585 million. The Group’s share of the proﬁ t realised on the transaction was $103 million. De Beers Canada disposed of its interest in the Fort à la Corne joint venture for C$180 million in September 2006. A proﬁ t of $155 million (attributable share $69 million) was generated on the disposal. Anglo American plc Annual Report 2006 | 101 ANGLO AMERICAN plc ANNUAL REPORT 2006 Notes to the ﬁ nancial statements continued 8. Net ﬁ nance costs Finance costs and exchange gains/(losses) are presented net of effective cash ﬂ ow hedges for respective interest bearing and foreign currency borrowings. Fair value gains/(losses) on derivatives, presented below, include the mark to market value changes of interest rate and currency derivatives designated as fair value hedges, net of fair value changes in the associated hedged risk; and fair value changes of non-hedge derivatives of non-operating items. US$ million Before special items and remeasurements 2006 After special items and remeasurements 2006 Before special items and remeasurements 2005 After special items and remeasurements 2005 b) Factors affecting tax charge for the year The effective tax rate for the year of 27.6% (2005: 24.5%) is lower than the standard rate of corporation tax in the United Kingdom (30%). The differences are explained below: US$ million Proﬁ t on ordinary activities before tax Tax on proﬁ t on ordinary activities calculated at United Kingdom corporation tax rate of 30% 2006 9,562 2005(1) 5,208 2,869 1,562 Tax effect of share of net income from associates (206) (197) Investment income Interest and other ﬁ nancial income Expected return on deﬁ ned beneﬁ t arrangements Foreign exchange gains Dividend income from ﬁ nancial asset investments Fair value gains on derivatives Other fair value gains Total investment income Interest expense Amortisation discount relating to provisions Bank loans and overdrafts Other loans Interest paid on convertible bonds Unwinding of discount on convertible bonds Interest on deﬁ ned beneﬁ t arrangements Foreign exchange losses Dividend on redeemable preference shares Fair value losses on derivatives Other fair value losses Less: interest capitalised Total interest expense Net ﬁ nance costs 269 265 54 14 – 7 609 (39) (294) (122) (5) (13) (274) (19) (22) (2) – (790) 16 (774) (165) 269 265 94 14 17 7 666 (39) (294) (122) (5) (13) (274) (20) (22) (11) (47) (847) 16 (831) (165) 227 241 20 10 – – 498 (42) (320) (167) (71) (53) (270) (33) – (19) – (975) 49 (926) (428) 227 241 92 10 – – 570 (42) (320) (167) (71) (53) (270) (33) – (24) (32) (1,012) 49 (963) (393) The weighted average interest rate applicable to interest on general borrowings capitalised was 8.2% (2005: 8.7%). Financing remeasurements are set out in note 7. 9. Tax on proﬁ t on ordinary activities a) Analysis of charge for the year from continuing operations US$ million United Kingdom corporation tax at 30% South Africa tax Other overseas tax Current tax (excluding tax on special items and remeasurements) Total deferred tax (excluding tax on special items and remeasurements) Total tax on special items and remeasurements Total tax charge 2006 28 894 1,558 2005 15 580 721 2,480 1,316 283 (123) 2,640 (33) (8) 1,275 Tax effects of: Expenses not deductible for tax purposes Operating special items and remeasurements Exploration expenditure Other non-deductible expenses Non-taxable income Proﬁ ts and losses on disposals and remeasurements Other non-taxable income Temporary difference adjustments Changes in tax rates Movements in tax losses Other temporary differences Other adjustments South African secondary tax on companies Effect of differences between local and UK rates Other adjustments Tax charge for the year 104 13 79 (317) (66) – (80) (13) 228 53 (24) 2,640 110 21 92 (9) (113) (187) (30) (23) 160 (108) (3) 1,275 (1) The 2005 comparative numbers have been reclassiﬁ ed to align with current year presentation. IAS 1 requires income from associates to be presented net of tax on the face of the income statement. The associates’ tax is therefore not included within the Group’s total tax charge. Associates’ tax included within ‘Share of net income from associates’ for the year ended 31 December 2006 is $368 million ($369 million excluding special items and remeasurements) (2005: $274 million; $281 million excluding special items and remeasurements). The effective rate of taxation before special items and remeasurements including share of associates’ tax before special items and remeasurements was 32.7%. This was an increase from the equivalent effective rate of 26.5% in the year ended 31 December 2005. The December 2005 tax rate beneﬁ ted from the one-off impact of a reduction in the statutory tax rates in South Africa and Ghana. Without this one-off beneﬁ t the effective tax rate for the prior year would have been 29.7%. In future periods it is expected that the effective tax rate, including associates’ tax, will remain at or above the UK statutory tax rate of 30%. 10. Dividends US$ million Final ordinary paid – 62 US cents per ordinary share (2005: 51 US cents) Final special paid – 33 US cents per ordinary share (2005: nil) Interim ordinary paid – 33 US cents per ordinary share (2005: 28 US cents) Interim special paid – 67 US cents per ordinary share (2005: nil) 2006 2005 918 734 488 – 473 403 960 2,839 – 1,137 The directors are proposing a ﬁ nal dividend in respect of the ﬁ nancial year ending 31 December 2006 of 75 US cents per share. Based on shares eligible for dividends at 31 December 2006, this will result in an estimated distribution of $1,107 million of shareholders’ funds. These ﬁ nancial statements do not reﬂ ect this dividend payable, in accordance with UK Companies Act and IFRS, as it is still subject to shareholder approval. As stated in note 28, the employee beneﬁ t trust has waived the right to receive dividends on the shares it holds. 102 | Anglo American plc Annual Report 2006 11. Earnings per share US$ Proﬁ t for the ﬁ nancial year attributable to equity shareholders Basic earnings per share Diluted earnings per share Headline earnings for the ﬁ nancial year(1) Basic earnings per share Diluted earnings per share Underlying earnings for the ﬁ nancial year(1) Basic earnings per share Diluted earnings per share 2006 2005 4.21 4.12 2.43 2.36 3.58 3.50 3.73 3.64 2.43 2.36 2.58 2.50 (1) Basic and diluted earnings per share are shown based on headline earnings, which is a Johannesburg Stock Exchange Limited (JSE Limited) deﬁ ned performance measure and underlying earnings, which the directors believe to be a useful additional measure of the Group’s performance. Both earnings measures are further explained below. The calculation of the basic and diluted earnings per share is based on the following data: US$ million (unless otherwise stated) 2006 2005 Earnings Basic earnings, being proﬁ t for the ﬁ nancial year attributable to equity shareholders Effect of dilutive potential ordinary shares Interest on convertible bonds (net of tax) Unwinding of discount on convertible bonds (net of tax) Diluted earnings Number of shares (million) Basic number of ordinary shares outstanding(1) Effect of dilutive potential ordinary shares(2) Share options Convertible bonds Diluted number of ordinary shares outstanding(1) 6,186 3,521 4 3 6,193 29 20 3,570 1,468 1,447 23 13 1,504 18 48 1,513 (1) Basic and diluted number of ordinary shares outstanding represent the weighted average for the year. The average number of ordinary shares in issue excludes the shares held by the employee beneﬁ t trust, Epoch and Tarl. (2) Diluted earnings per share is calculated by adjusting the weighted average number of ordinary shares in issue on the assumption of conversion of all potentially dilutive ordinary shares. ‘Underlying earnings’ is an alternative earnings measure, which the directors believe provides a clearer picture of the underlying ﬁ nancial performance of the Group’s operations. Underlying earnings is presented after minority interests and excludes special items and remeasurements (see note 7). Underlying earnings is distinct from ‘Headline earnings’, which is a JSE Limited deﬁ ned performance measure. The calculation of basic and diluted earnings per share, based on headline and underlying earnings, uses the following earnings data: Proﬁ t for the ﬁ nancial year attributable to equity shareholders Special items: operating Special items: ﬁ nancing Net proﬁ t on disposals(1) Special items: associates(2) Related tax Related minority interests Headline earnings for the ﬁ nancial year Unrealised losses on non-hedge derivatives Fair value loss on AngloGold Ashanti convertible bond Exchange gain on DBI preference shares Share of De Beers’ legal settlement IFRS 2 charges on BEE transactions Related tax Related minority interests Underlying earnings for the ﬁ nancial year (1) Excluding associated IFRS 2 charges on BEE transactions. (2) Excluding legal settlements. Earnings (US$ million) Basic earnings per share (US$) 2006 2005 2006 2005 6,186 524 4 (1,202) (186) (57) (9) 5,260 421 18 (40) 25 34 (67) (180) 5,471 3,521 186 – (87) (74) 6 (36) 3,516 315 32 (72) 113 – (21) (147) 3,736 4.21 0.36 – (0.81) (0.13) (0.04) (0.01) 3.58 0.29 0.01 (0.03) 0.02 0.02 (0.04) (0.12) 3.73 2.43 0.13 – (0.06) (0.05) – (0.02) 2.43 0.22 0.02 (0.05) 0.08 – (0.02) (0.10) 2.58 All outstanding share options and awards are potentially dilutive and have been included in the calculation of diluted earnings per share. No instruments are anti- dilutive for the year ended 31 December 2006 (2005: nil). 12. Intangible assets US$ million 2006 Licences and other intangibles Goodwill(1) Licences and other Total intangibles Goodwill(1) 2005 Total 139 Cost At 1 January Acquired through business combinations 4 Additions 9 Impairments – Transfer to assets held for sale(2) (13) Disposal of assets (1) Disposal of businesses(3) (49) Reclassiﬁ cations 3 Currency movements (4) At 31 December 88 Accumulated amortisation 81 At 1 January Charge for the year 7 Impairments – Transfer to assets held for sale(2) (3) Disposal of assets – Disposal of businesses(3) (24) Reclassiﬁ cations – Currency movements (6) 55 At 31 December 33 Net book value 2,514 2,653 113 2,576 2,689 41 – (21) (6) – (562) (8) 143 2,101 – – – – – – – – – 2,101 45 9 (21) (19) (1) (611) (5) 139 2,189 81 7 – (3) – (24) – (6) 55 2,134 – 4 – – – (2) 24 – 139 46 9 24 – (1) (2) (1) 6 81 58 24 – (20) (37) (15) (6) 72 (80) 2,514 – – – – – – – – – 2,514 24 4 (20) (37) (15) (8) 96 (80) 2,653 46 9 24 – (1) (2) (1) 6 81 2,572 (1) The goodwill balances provided are net of cumulative impairment charges of $45 million as at 31 December 2006 (2005: $24 million). (2) Intangible assets transferred to assets held for sale in 2005 were sold prior to the 2005 year end. (3) Includes cost of $604 million and accumulated amortisation of $24 million which were transferred to ‘Investments in associates’. The increase in goodwill relating to acquisition of subsidiaries represents the excess of fair value of the purchase price over the fair value of the net assets, including mining reserves, of businesses acquired. Further detail is given in note 31. Impairment tests for goodwill a) Goodwill is allocated for impairment testing purposes to cash generating units (CGU) which reﬂ ect how it is monitored for internal management purposes. This allocation largely represents the Group’s primary reporting segments set out below. Any goodwill associated with CGU subsumed within these primary segments is not signiﬁ cant when compared to the goodwill of the Group, other than in Paper and Packaging where the goodwill associated with CGU subsumed within the primary segment is split out below. US$ million Gold Platinum Coal Base Metals Industrial Minerals Ferrous Metals and Industries Paper and Packaging Mondi Business Mondi Packaging Mondi – other 2006 2005 – 230 88 157 970 16 555 230 88 152 894 12 49 552 39 2,101 43 502 38 2,514 The recoverable amount of a CGU is determined based on a fair value or value in use calculation as appropriate. Value in use calculations use cash ﬂ ow projections based on ﬁ nancial budgets and life of mine or non-mine production plans covering a ﬁ ve year period that are based on latest forecasts for commodity prices and exchange rates. Cash ﬂ ow projections beyond ﬁ ve years are based on life of mine plans where applicable and internal management forecasts and assume constant long term real prices for sales revenue. Cash ﬂ ow projections are discounted using pre-tax discount rates equivalent to a real post tax discount rate of 6%, that have been adjusted for any risks that are not reﬂ ected in the underlying cash ﬂ ows. Where the recoverability of goodwill allocated to CGU is supported by fair value less costs to sell, market observable data (in the case of listed subsidiaries, market share price at 31 December of the respective listed entity) or detailed cash ﬂ ow models are used. Anglo American plc Annual Report 2006 | 103 ANGLO AMERICAN plc ANNUAL REPORT 2006 Notes to the ﬁ nancial statements continued 12. Intangible assets continued Expected future cash ﬂ ows are inherently uncertain and could materially change over time. They are signiﬁ cantly affected by a number of factors including reserves and production estimates, together with economic factors such as commodity prices, discount rates, currency exchange rates, estimates of costs to produce reserves and future capital expenditure. Management believes that any reasonably possible change in the key assumptions on which the recoverable amount is based would not cause the carrying amounts to exceed their recoverable amounts. 13. Tangible assets US$ million Cost At 1 January 2006 Additions Acquired through business combinations Transfer to assets held for sale Disposal of assets Disposal of businesses(2) Reclassiﬁ cations Currency movements At 31 December 2006 Accumulated depreciation At 1 January 2006 Charge for the year Impairments Transfer to assets held for sale Disposal of assets Disposal of businesses(2) Reclassiﬁ cations Currency movements At 31 December 2006(3) Net book value At 31 December 2006 At 31 December 2005 Mining properties Land and Plant and buildings equipment and leases Other(1) Total 18,942 292 3,955 18,607 648 83 2,595 44,099 3,702 2,679 2 (498) (28) (9,672) 294 (82) 9,250 4,542 507 133 (76) (12) (3,038) 48 32 2,136 46 157 (221) (1,180) (301) (34) (64) (52) (76) 1,243 290 132 3,833 19,400 935 140 115 (41) (25) (7) (23) 57 7,582 1,288 214 (177) (257) (33) 1 283 1,151 8,901 52 257 (237) (2,136) (487) (124) (1) (9,789) 33 285 3,481 35,964 (1,428) (55) 94 17 5 (60) 244 13,303 2,029 479 (289) (354) (1) (3,079) – 377 278 12,466 (26) 5 7,114 14,400 2,682 10,499 3,020 11,025 3,203 23,498 2,351 30,796 (1) Other tangible assets include $3,002 million of properties in the course of construction, which are not depreciated. (2) Includes cost of $9,085 million and accumulated depreciation of $3,012 million which were transferred to ‘Investments in associates’. (3) $421 million (2005: $1,297 million) tangible assets have been pledged as security for liabilities. Mining properties Land and Plant and buildings equipment and leases Other(1) Total Included in the additions above is $16 million of interest (2005: $49 million) incurred on qualifying assets which has been capitalised during the year. Aggregate interest capitalised included in the cost above totals $277 million (2005: $261 million). The net book value and depreciation charges relating to assets held under ﬁ nance leases comprise: US$ million Mining properties and leases Land and buildings Plant and equipment Other 2006 Net book value Depreciation Net book value 2005 Depreciation 19 61 51 1 132 2 6 6 – 14 – 91 172 1 264 – 8 63 – 71 The net book value of land and buildings comprises: US$ million Freehold Leasehold – long Leasehold – short (less than 50 years) 14. Biological assets US$ million Forest Agriculture At 1 January Capitalised expenditure Harvesting Fair value adjustments Disposal of assets Disposal of businesses Transfer to assets held for sale Currency movements At 31 December 317 63 (72) 47 (1) (18) (16) (29) 291 33 1 – 7 (1) (2) – (5) 33 Biological assets comprise: US$ million Mature Immature Forest Agriculture 137 154 291 16 17 33 15. Environmental rehabilitation trusts 2006 2005 2,619 60 3 2,682 2,961 43 16 3,020 2006 Total 350 64 (72) 54 (2) (20) (16) (34) 324 2006 Total 153 171 324 Forest Agriculture 335 55 (78) 43 – (1) – (37) 317 39 – (1) 2 (1) – – (6) 33 Forest Agriculture 142 175 317 17 16 33 2005 Total 374 55 (79) 45 (1) (1) – (43) 350 2005 Total 159 191 350 19,008 772 4,226 20,226 608 51 2,615 46,075 3,373 1,942 The Group makes voluntary contributions to controlled funds that were established to meet the cost of some of its decommissioning, restoration and environmental rehabilitation liabilities in South Africa. US$ million Cost At 1 January 2005 Additions Acquired through business combinations Transfer to assets held for sale(2) Disposal of assets Disposal of businesses Reclassiﬁ cations Currency movements At 31 December 2005 Accumulated depreciation At 1 January 2005 Charge for the year Impairments Impairment losses reversed Transfer to assets held for sale(2) Disposal of assets Disposal of businesses Reclassiﬁ cations Currency movements At 31 December 2005 Net book value At 31 December 2005 At 31 December 2004 5 – (239) – 703 (1,307) 18,942 1 6 (44) (340) (106) (594) (45) (79) 659 261 (389) (1,879) 3,955 18,607 15 (2) (43) (2) (1,607) 27 (386) (982) (126) 16 (323) (3,898) 2,595 44,099 3,933 836 56 (18) – (48) – 45 (262) 4,542 1,001 143 3 – (22) (81) (13) 8 (104) 935 7,945 1,350 34 – (234) (553) (63) (88) (809) 7,582 197 13,076 2,432 103 93 – (18) – (257) (1) (714) (32) (1) (77) – 35 (57) (1,232) 244 13,303 14,400 15,075 3,020 11,025 3,225 12,281 2,351 30,796 2,418 32,999 US$ million At 1 January Contributions made during the year Interest earned during the year Disposal of business(1) Transfer to assets held for sale Reclassiﬁ cations Currency movements At 31 December 2006 2005 288 26 26 (101) (28) – (14) 197 237 34 23 – – 19 (25) 288 (1) Relates entirely to amounts transferred to ‘Investments in associates’. The funds are administered by independent trustees, and comprise the following investments: US$ million Equity Bonds Cash 2006 16 51 130 197 2005 57 76 155 288 These funds are not available for the general purposes of the Group. All income from these assets is reinvested to meet speciﬁ c environmental obligations. These obligations are included in environmental rehabilitation costs under long term provisions (see note 25). (1) Other tangible assets include $2,037 million of properties in the course of construction, which are not depreciated. (2) Tangible assets transferred to assets held for sale in 2005 were sold prior to the 2005 year end. 104 | Anglo American plc Annual Report 2006 Aggregate investment 2006 2005 1,860 1,442 (126) 549 687 368 4,780 1,231 1,243 (493) 404 514 266 3,165 By geographical segment South Africa Rest of Africa Europe North America South America Australia and Asia 16. Investments in associates US$ million 2006 2005 US$ million At 1 January Net income from associates Dividends received Other equity movements Share of cash injection from associates’ share issues Transfer to assets held for sale Loss on cash ﬂ ow hedges Reversal of impairment Actuarial gain/(loss) on post retirement beneﬁ ts Acquired Disposed Transfer from subsidiary Repayments of capitalised loans(1) Currency movements At 31 December(2) 3,165 685 (276) (23) 225 (64) (24) – 3 11 (40) 1,451 (219) (114) 4,780 3,486 657 (461) (1) – – – (1) (24) 29 – (63) (195) (262) 3,165 (1) Excludes the $175 million (2005: $175 million) redemption by De Beers of preference shares included within ﬁ nancial asset investments. (2) The fair value of the investment in AngloGold Ashanti at year end is $5,420 million based on the closing share price. With effect from 20 April 2006 the Group began accounting for the investment as an associate under the equity method. The Group’s total investments in associates comprise: US$ million Equity(1) Loans(2) Total investments in associates 2006 2005 4,369 411 4,780 2,720 445 3,165 (1) Investments in associates at 31 December 2006 include $515 million of goodwill (2005: $394 million). (2) The Group’s total investments in associates include long term debt interests which in substance form part of the Group’s net investments. These loans are not repayable in the foreseeable future. The Group’s share of associates’ contingent liabilities incurred jointly by investors is $158 million (2005: $48 million). Details of principal associates are set out in note 38. 17. Joint ventures The Group’s share of the summarised ﬁ nancial information of joint venture entities that is proportionately consolidated in the Group ﬁ nancial statements is as follows: US$ million 2006 2005 Total non-current assets Total current assets Total current liabilities Total non-current liabilities Group’s share of joint venture entities’ net assets Revenue Operating costs Net ﬁ nance costs Income tax expense Group’s share of joint venture entities’ proﬁ t for the ﬁ nancial year 1,296 455 (315) (681) 755 1,951 (883) (22) (209) 837 1,468 832 (357) (785) 1,158 1,331 (797) (28) (85) 421 The Group’s share of the summarised ﬁ nancial information of principal associates is as follows: The Group’s share of joint venture entities’ contingent liabilities incurred jointly with other venturers is nil (2005: nil) and its share of capital commitments is nil (2005: $8 million). US$ million Total non-current assets Total current assets Total current liabilities Total non-current liabilities Group’s share of associates’ net assets Revenue Operating costs Net proﬁ t on disposals Other special items and remeasurements Net ﬁ nance costs Income tax expense Minority interests Group’s share of associates’ net income 2006 2005 4,653 7,919 2,715 1,669 (1,961) (1,053) (3,893) (2,104) 3,165 4,780 5,565 5,038 (4,598) (4,159) 98 7 (51) (274) (2) 657 199 26 (101) (368) (38) 685 Segmental information is provided for primary and secondary reporting segments as follows: US$ million By business segment Platinum Gold Diamonds Coal Industrial Minerals Ferrous Metals and Industries Paper and Packaging Net income Aggregate investment 2006 2005 2006 2005 40 72 337 185 1 44 6 685 135 12 (2) 1,623 2,062 647 2 302 9 4,780 257 192 3 189 6 657 107 36 2,056 528 5 390 43 3,165 Details of principal joint ventures are set out in note 38. 18. Financial asset investments The following table sets out the movement of the Group’s ﬁ nancial asset investments, which are accounted for as ‘available for sale’, ‘at fair value through proﬁ t or loss’, ‘held to maturity’ or ‘loans and receivables’ as deﬁ ned by IAS 39 and in accordance with the Group accounting policy set out in note 1. No items were classiﬁ ed as ‘at fair value through proﬁ t or loss’ or ‘held to maturity’ during the year. US$ million At 1 January 2006 Movements in fair value Additions Impairments Net repayments Disposals Disposal of businesses(1) Transfer from subsidiary(2) Transfer to assets held for sale Reclassiﬁ cations Currency movements At 31 December 2006 Less: non-current portion Current portion Loans and receivables Available for sale investments 538 – – – (130) – (12) – (15) 27 (4) 404 404 – 377 492 453 (13) – (88) (9) 370 (36) (25) 48 1,569 1,569 – Total 915 492 453 (13) (130) (88) (21) 370 (51) 2 44 1,973 1,973 – (1) Relates entirely to amounts transferred to ‘Investments in associates’. (2) See disposal of subsidiaries and businesses note 32. Anglo American plc Annual Report 2006 | 105 ANGLO AMERICAN plc ANNUAL REPORT 2006 Notes to the ﬁ nancial statements continued The exposure of the Group’s ﬁ nancial assets (excluding intra-group loan balances) to interest rate and currency risk is as follows: Fixed rate ﬁ nancial assets US$ million (unless otherwise stated) ﬁ nancial assets Total assets investments Equity ﬁ nancial assets Floating rate Fixed rate ﬁ nancial Weighted average Non- Weighted interest period for average bearing effective which the interest rate is ﬁ xed in years rate % 2,128 1,673 1,767 1,044 154 86 6 253 4,977 3,216 191 124 11 756 At 31 December 2006 US$ SA rand Sterling Euro Australian $ Other currencies Total Trade and other receivables(1) 5,197 329 Derivatives Total ﬁ nancial assets 10,503 2,998 2,004 386 318 169 20 115 4,345 3,012 550 345 208 45 199 At 31 December 2005 US$ SA rand Sterling Euro Australian $ Other currencies Total Trade and other receivables(1) 5,015 Derivatives 930 Total ﬁ nancial assets 10,290 391 1 3 22 – 46 463 650 14 4 15 16 33 732 60 683 1 4 5 416 1,169 4 39 33 12 – 41 129 204 77 – 8 8 14 311 140 73 23 16 1 37 290 7.1 – 4.3 0.9 – 3.1 6.4 5.6 2.5 – 1.6 5.4 2.3 3.7 1.6 – 0.1 0.1 – 0.4 1.4 2.2 0.5 – – 0.1 5.0 2.0 (1) Excludes prepayments. 23. Financial liabilities The carrying amounts and fair values of ﬁ nancial liabilities are as follows: 2006 2005 US$ million Trade and other payables(1) Current borrowings Convertible bonds Other non-current borrowings Other ﬁ nancial liabilities (derivatives) Total ﬁ nancial liabilities Estimated Carrying Estimated Carrying value fair value fair value value 4,986 4,986 2,028 – 4,220 520 4,946 4,946 2,076 2,032 2,084 1,975 4,416 4,388 1,794 1,794 11,768 11,754 15,272 15,179 2,028 – 4,234 520 (1) Excludes taxation and social security and deferred income. The fair values of current and other non-current borrowings are determined by reference to quoted market prices for similar issues, where applicable, otherwise the carrying values approximate to the fair values. The fair values of the convertible bond liabilities are determined using their quoted market values. 18. Financial asset investments continued US$ million At 1 January 2005 Movements in fair value Additions Disposals Transfer to assets held for sale(1) Reclassiﬁ cations Currency movements At 31 December 2005 Less: non-current portion Current portion Loans and receivables Available for sale investments 581 – – (173) (20) 148 2 538 522 16 563 39 163 (187) – (153) (48) 377 377 – Total 1,144 39 163 (360) (20) (5) (46) 915 899 16 (1) Financial asset investments transferred to assets held for sale in 2005 were sold prior to the 2005 year end. 19. Inventories US$ million Raw materials and consumables Work in progress Finished products 2006 2005 1,032 733 1,209 2,974 1,181 1,124 1,264 3,569 The cost of inventories recognised as an expense and included in cost of sales amounted to $18,286 million (2005: $19,440 million). 20. Trade and other receivables 2006 US$ million Trade receivables Amounts owed by related parties Other receivables Prepayments and accrued income 2005 Total Due within Due after one year one year Due within Due after one year one year Total 4,341 18 4,359 4,042 11 4,053 14 714 – 110 14 824 26 768 93 5,162 22 150 115 5,312 157 4,993 1 167 2 181 27 935 159 5,174 21. Trade and other payables US$ million Trade payables Amounts owed to related parties Taxation and social security Other payables Accruals and deferred income 2006 2005 3,263 – 51 1,257 469 5,040 3,138 26 71 1,211 578 5,024 22. Financial assets The carrying amounts and fair values of ﬁ nancial assets are as follows: 2006 US$ million Trade and other receivables(1) Cash and cash equivalents Financial asset investments Current ﬁ nancial asset investments Other ﬁ nancial assets (derivatives) Total ﬁ nancial assets (1) Excludes prepayments. 2005 Carrying value Estimated Carrying Estimated fair value fair value value 5,197 5,197 3,004 3,004 1,973 – 329 5,015 3,430 899 16 930 10,507 10,503 10,229 10,290 4,981 3,403 899 16 930 1,977 – 329 The fair value of ﬁ nancial asset investments represents the market value of quoted investments and directors’ valuation for other, non-listed investments. 106 | Anglo American plc Annual Report 2006 23. Financial liabilities continued The maturity of the Group’s borrowings is as follows: The Group’s borrowings are presented on an unhedged basis. The fair value of associated derivatives is recorded separately within ‘Other ﬁ nancial assets (derivatives)’ and ‘Other ﬁ nancial liabilities (derivatives)’, (see note 24). US$ million Secured Bank loans and overdrafts Obligations under ﬁ nance leases(1) Other loans(2) Unsecured Convertible bonds(3) Bonds issued under EMTN programme(4) Bank loans and overdrafts Obligations under ﬁ nance leases(1) Other loans(2) Total 2006 Due within Due after one year one year Due within Due after one year one year Total 2005 Total 121 300 421 176 336 512 1 – 122 72 93 465 73 93 587 27 232 435 147 224 707 174 456 1,142 – – – – 1,975 1,975 25 2,080 2,105 106 1,887 1,993 1,843 1,170 3,013 1,468 1,390 2,858 4 34 1,906 2,028 26 22 517 483 3,755 5,661 4,220 6,248 3 64 1,641 2,076 15 389 5,656 6,363 18 453 7,297 8,439 (1) The minimum lease payments under ﬁ nance leases fall due as follows: US$ million Not later than one year Later than one year but not more than ﬁ ve years More than ﬁ ve years Future ﬁ nance charges on ﬁ nance leases Present value of ﬁ nance lease liabilities 2006 2005 13 40 120 173 (74) 99 42 97 162 301 (109) 192 (2) Other loans comprise loans from joint ventures and associates and project ﬁ nance. (3) In April 2002, Anglo American plc issued $1.1 billion 33/8 per cent convertible bonds, due 17 April 2007, convertible into ordinary shares of Anglo American plc. The bonds were issued at par and bear a coupon of 33/8 per cent per annum, payable semi-annually. During the current year bondholders elected to convert their bonds to equity. No ﬁ nancial liability remains at 31 December 2006 in respect of the Anglo American plc convertible bond (2005: $1,058 million). A convertible bond was issued in February 2004 by AngloGold Holdings plc, a wholly-owned subsidiary of AngloGold Ashanti (AGA). The fair value of the conversion option within AGA’s bond at the date of issue ($79 million) was separated from the carrying value of the debt. Because the conversion option is in a bond denominated in a currency other than the functional currency of the entity issuing the shares, the option value is classiﬁ ed as a derivative, within liabilities. The option is marked to market with subsequent gains and losses being recorded through the income statement. AGA became an associate on 20 April 2006 and therefore the convertible bond is not held within liabilities on the Group balance sheet at 31 December 2006 (2005: $917 million). Within 1 year Between Between or on demand 1-2 years 2-5 years After 5 years Total US$ million At 31 December 2006 Secured Bank loans and overdrafts Obligations under ﬁ nance leases Other loans Unsecured Bonds issued under EMTN programme Bank loans and overdrafts Obligations under ﬁ nance leases Other loans 25 1,843 4 34 1,906 Total borrowings (excluding hedges) 2,028 Effect of interest rate swaps (see note 30c) Effect of currency derivatives (see note 30c) (6) Borrowings after the effect of hedges 2,022 – 121 1 – 122 40 1 47 88 1,315 201 4 14 1,534 1,622 132 3 45 180 765 745 7 13 1,530 1,710 128 68 1 197 421 73 93 587 2,105 – 3,013 224 26 11 517 456 691 5,661 888 6,248 19 18 – 37 (146) 1,495 (78) 1,650 – 888 (230) 6,055 US$ million At 31 December 2005 Secured Bank loans and overdrafts Obligations under ﬁ nance leases Other loans Unsecured Convertible bonds(1) Bonds issued under EMTN programme Bank loans and overdrafts Obligations under ﬁ nance leases Other loans Total borrowings (excluding hedges) Effect of interest rate swaps (see note 30c) Effect of currency derivatives (see note 30c) (13) Borrowings after the effect of hedges 2,063 – Within 1 year Between Between or on demand 1-2 years 2-5 years After 5 years Total 176 27 232 435 – 106 1,468 3 64 1,641 2,076 60 17 38 115 1,058 25 268 2 55 1,408 1,523 98 36 86 220 917 1,862 1,046 5 331 4,161 4,381 178 94 100 372 – – 76 8 3 87 459 512 174 456 1,142 1,975 1,993 2,858 18 453 7,297 8,439 – – (4) (4) – 1,523 – 4,381 4 459 (9) 8,426 The movement in the carrying value of the convertible bonds from the prior year is: (1) Includes $917 million of convertible bonds issued by listed subsidiaries. US$ million At 1 January 2006 Unwinding of discount on bonds Movement in fair value Converted Transfer to associate At 31 December 2006 2006 1,975 13 4 (1,068) (924) – (4) The Group issued no bonds under the EMTN programme in 2006 (2005: $174 million). All notes are guaranteed by Anglo American plc. Anglo American plc Annual Report 2006 | 107 ANGLO AMERICAN plc ANNUAL REPORT 2006 Notes to the ﬁ nancial statements continued 23. Financial liabilities continued Credit risk The Group’s principal ﬁ nancial assets are bank balances and cash, trade and other receivables and investments. The Group’s credit risk is primarily attributable to its trade receivables, however it also arises on liquid funds and derivative ﬁ nancial instruments. Non- interest bearing Fixed rate ﬁ nancial borrowing liabilities Floating interest effective interest bearing rate Fixed rate rate % Total borrowings borrowings borrowings Non- Weighted Weighted average Weighted average period period average for which the rate until is ﬁ xed maturity in years in years 125 573 569 1,649 1 250 – 10 33 15 – 3 5.8 9.9 5.2 3.5 8.6 5.2 2.3 7.8 1.1 1.4 1.4 1.3 – 1.1 3.6 4.6 – 1.0 3,167 61 5.2 2.5 3.3 US$ million (unless otherwise stated) At 31 December 2006(1) US$ SA rand Sterling Euro Australian $ Other currencies Gross borrowings (excluding hedges) Trade and other payables(2) 4,986 Derivatives 520 Total ﬁ nancial liabilities 11,754 1,222 1,097 1,886 1,303 67 303 – 250 669 1,967 1 503 6,248 3,020 1,099 1,513 30 553 – 168 2,143 550 518 1,408 1 269 21 106 39 17 – 4 2.8 11.1 0.9 1.9 9.3 6.4 2.1 4.6 0.8 1.4 0.8 1.1 0.4 5.4 1.6 1.1 – 0.5 8,439 3,363 4,889 187 3.4 2.0 3.5 3,263 2,169 587 1,978 1 441 At 31 December 2005(1) US$ SA rand Sterling Euro Australian $ Other currencies Gross borrowings (excluding hedges) Trade and other payables(2) 4,946 Derivatives 1,794 Total ﬁ nancial liabilities 15,179 (1) Borrowings exclude any derivatives and include the fair value of risks that are hedged in a fair value hedge relationship. (2) Excludes taxation and social security and deferred income. Interest on ﬂ oating rates is based on the relevant national inter-bank rates. The Group had the following undrawn committed borrowing facilities at 31 December: US$ million Expiry date In one year or less In more than one year but not more than two years In more than two years 2006 2005 3,345 80 2,527 5,952 3,962 75 3,528 7,565 In addition the Group had the following Commercial Paper programmes: • • a $1.3 billion Canadian Commercial Paper Programme established a number of years ago. The programme was undrawn at 31 December 2006. a $1 billion European Commercial Paper Programme established in October 2004. Drawings of $10 million were made under this programme as at 31 December 2006. The Group limits exposure to credit risk on liquid funds and derivative ﬁ nancial instruments through adherence to a policy of: • • • • minimum acceptable counterparty credit ratings assigned by international credit rating agencies (including long term ratings of A- (Standard & Poor’s), A3 (Moody’s) or A- (Fitch) or better); daily counterparty settlement limits (which are not to exceed three times the credit limit for an individual bank); exposure diversiﬁ cation (the aggregate group exposure to key relationship counterparties cannot exceed 5% of the counterparty’s shareholders’ equity); custody restriction on securities held by banks and other institutions (must have an AA (or better) credit rating or have speciﬁ c approval of the Group’s Executive Board). Further, given the diverse nature of the Group’s operations (both in relation to commodity markets and geographically) it also does not have signiﬁ cant concentration of credit risk in respect of trade receivables, with exposure spread over a large number of customers. An allowance for impairment for trade receivables is made where there is an identiﬁ ed loss event which, based on previous experience, is evidence of a reduction in the recoverability of the cash ﬂ ows. Liquidity risk The Group ensures that there are sufﬁ cient committed loan facilities in order to meet short term business requirements, after taking into account cash ﬂ ows from operations and the Group’s holding of cash and cash equivalents, as well as any distribution restrictions that exist. It is believed that these facilities and cash generation will be sufﬁ cient to cover the likely short and long term cash requirements of the Group. At 31 December 2006, the Group had available undrawn committed borrowing facilities of $5,952 million (see note 23). The Group is assigned short term ratings of P-1 and A-1, and long term ratings of A2 (stable outlook) and A (stable outlook), from Moody’s and Standard & Poor’s respectively. Non-wholly owned subsidiaries in general will arrange and maintain their own ﬁ nancing and funding requirements. In most cases the ﬁ nancing will be non-recourse to Anglo American plc. In addition, certain projects are ﬁ nanced by means of limited recourse project ﬁ nance. The maturity of the Group’s borrowings is included in note 23. Market risk The signiﬁ cant market risk exposures to which the Group is exposed are foreign currency risk, interest rate risk and commodity price risk. These are discussed further below: Foreign exchange risk As a global group, Anglo American plc is exposed to many currencies principally as a result of non-US dollar operating costs incurred by US dollar functional companies and to a lesser extent, from non-US dollar revenues. The Group’s policy is generally not to hedge such exposures as hedging is not deemed appropriate given the diversiﬁ ed nature of the exposures. Nevertheless, the Group does use forward exchange contracts, currency swaps and option contracts to limit the effects of movements in exchange rates on foreign currency denominated assets and liabilities as well as to hedge future transactions and cash ﬂ ows. 24. Financial instrument risk exposure, risk management and derivatives The exposure of the Group’s ﬁ nancial assets and liabilities (excluding intra-group loan balances) to currency risk is provided in notes 22 and 23. Financial instrument risk exposure and management The Group is exposed in varying degrees to a variety of ﬁ nancial instrument related risks. The Board approves and monitors the risk management processes, inclusive of documented treasury policies, counterparty limits, controlling and reporting structures. The risk management processes of the Group’s independently listed subsidiaries are in line with the Group’s own policy. The types of risk exposure and the way in which such exposure is managed, including the use of derivative instruments is provided as follows (sub-categorised into credit risk, liquidity risk and market risk). Interest rate risk Fluctuations in interest rates impact on the value of short term investments and ﬁ nancing activities, giving rise to interest rate risk. Exposure to interest rate risk is particularly with reference to changes in US dollar, rand, sterling and euro interest rates. The Group policy is to borrow funds at ﬂ oating rates of interest as this is considered to give a partial natural hedge against commodity price movements, given the correlation to economic growth (and industrial activity) which in turn shows a high correlation with commodity price ﬂ uctuation. The Group also uses interest rate swap and option contracts to manage its exposure to interest rate movements on a portion of its existing debt. Also, strategic hedging using ﬁ xed rate debt may be undertaken from time to time if considered appropriate. 108 | Anglo American plc Annual Report 2006 24. Financial instrument risk exposure, risk management and derivatives continued In respect of ﬁ nancial assets, the Group’s policy is to invest cash at ﬂ oating rates of interest and cash reserves are to be maintained in short term investments (less than one year) in order to maintain liquidity, while achieving a satisfactory return for shareholders. The exposure of the Group’s ﬁ nancial assets and liabilities (excluding intra-group loan balances) to interest rate risk is provided in notes 22 and 23. Floating rate ﬁ nancial assets consist mainly of cash and bank term deposits. Interest on ﬂ oating rate assets is based on the relevant national inter-bank rates. Fixed rate ﬁ nancial assets consist mainly of cash. Equity investments are fully liquid and have no maturity period. Commodity price risk Group operations are primarily exposed to movements in the prices of the commodities they produce. Commodity price risk can be reduced through the negotiation of long term contracts or through the use of ﬁ nancial derivatives. Certain year end ﬁ nancial instruments (subject to provisional pricing) are exposed to commodity price movements as they are to be settled in the future, based on a commodity price current at that time. These exposures are all short term. In respect of the use of derivative instruments, the Group policy is generally not to hedge price risk, although some hedging may be undertaken for strategic reasons. In such cases, the Group generally uses forward contracts to hedge the price risk. In 2005, the Group ﬁ nancial instruments included those of AngloGold Ashanti, who undertook a more active hedging policy with respect to its gold sales. Following the reclassiﬁ cation of AngloGold Ashanti to an associate (previously a subsidiary), these instruments are no longer reﬂ ected in the Group ﬁ nancial assets and liabilities. Derivatives In accordance with IAS 32 and IAS 39, the fair value of all derivatives are separately recorded on the balance sheet within ‘Other ﬁ nancial assets (derivatives)’ and ‘Other ﬁ nancial liabilities (derivatives)’. Derivatives that are designated as hedges are classiﬁ ed as current or non-current depending on the maturity of the derivative. Derivatives that are not designated as hedges are classiﬁ ed as current in accordance with IAS 1 even when their actual maturity is expected to be greater than one year. The Group utilises derivative instruments to manage its market risk exposures as explained above. The Group does not use derivative ﬁ nancial instruments for speculative purposes, however it may choose not to designate certain derivatives as hedges. Such derivatives that are not hedge accounted are classiﬁ ed as non-hedges and fair valued through the income statement. The use of derivative instruments is subject to limits and the positions are regularly monitored and reported to senior management. Embedded derivatives Derivatives embedded in other ﬁ nancial instruments or non-ﬁ nancial host contracts are treated as separate derivatives when their risks and characteristics are not closely related to those of their host contract and the host contract is not carried at fair value. Embedded derivatives may be designated as a hedge and are accounted for in accordance with the Group’s accounting policy set out in note 1. Cash ﬂ ow hedges The Group classiﬁ es the majority of its forward exchange and commodity price contracts, hedging highly probable forecast transactions, as cash ﬂ ow hedges. Subsequent changes in fair value are recognised in equity until the hedged transactions occur, at which time the respective gains or losses are transferred to the income statement in accordance with the Group’s accounting policy set out in note 1. Fair value hedges The majority of interest rate swaps taken out to protect the Group’s ﬁ xed rate borrowings against future interest rate movements have been designated as fair value hedges. The respective carrying values of the hedged borrowings are adjusted to reﬂ ect the fair value of the interest rate risk being hedged. Subsequent changes in the fair value of the hedged risk are offset against fair value changes in the interest rate swap and classiﬁ ed within net ﬁ nance costs, in the income statement. Non-hedges The Group may choose not to designate certain derivatives as hedges, for example certain forward contracts that economically hedge forecast commodity transactions and relatively low value or short term derivative contracts where the potential mark to market impact on the Group’s earnings is not considered material. Where derivatives have not been designated as hedges, fair value changes are recognised in the income statement in accordance with the Group’s accounting policy set out in note 1 and are classiﬁ ed as ﬁ nancing or operating depending on the nature of the associated hedged risk. Cross currency swaps are also taken out to protect the Group’s non-US dollar debt against future currency movements. The respective carrying values of the related borrowings are translated at the closing exchange rate in accordance with the Group’s accounting policy and as such a natural hedge of the currency risk is achieved. The fair value of the Group’s open derivative position (excluding normal purchase and sale contracts held off-balance sheet), recorded within ‘Other ﬁ nancial assets (derivatives)’ and ‘Other ﬁ nancial liabilities (derivatives)’ is as follows: US$ million Current Cash ﬂ ow hedge Forward foreign currency contracts Gold commodity instruments(1) Forward commodity contracts(2) Other(3) Fair value hedge Forward foreign currency contracts Other Non-hedge (held for trading)(4) Forward foreign currency contracts Gold commodity instruments(1) Cross currency swaps Other Total current derivatives Non-current Cash ﬂ ow hedge Forward foreign currency contracts Gold commodity instruments(1) Forward commodity contracts(2) Other(3) Fair value hedge Interest rate swaps Non-hedge (held for trading) Other Total non-current derivatives 2006 2005 Asset Liability Asset Liability 11 – 2 – 1 4 14 – 242 55 329 (2) – (162) – (1) (1) (2) – (19) (29) (216) 21 32 3 1 7 – (19) (140) (5) (69) (11) – 53 588 – 42 747 (94) (900) – (48) (1,286) – – – – – – – – – (140) (126) 1 37 – 140 – (275) – (143) (38) 5 (2) – (304) – 183 (88) (508) (1) At the end of 2005, 10.8 million delta ounces of gold related to forward pricing commitments that matured over periods to December 2015. The total mark to market value of these contracts at 31 December 2005 was negative $2,425 million based on a contracted gold price of $310/oz to $403/oz, market gold price of $517/oz, exchange rates of $/ZAR 6.305 and AUD/$ 0.734 and the prevailing market conditions at that date. Amounts included here in respect of gold commodity contracts represent the portion of these commitments which are not treated as normal purchase and normal sale agreements as discussed below. (2) Forward commodity contracts include forward copper derivatives taken out to hedge the future prices of sales from Mantos Blancos. The contracted forward price of 116 US cents/lb covers 3,338 tonnes per month for three years starting January 2006. At 31 December 2006 there are two years left on this contract which represents some 45% of Mantos Blancos sales over the next two years. (3) Other cash ﬂ ow hedges include a derivative instrument embedded in a long term purchase power agreement which is considered to hedge market risk exposure on sales (commodity price risk). (4) $289 million (2005: $29 million) of derivative assets and $36 million (2005: $92 million) of derivative liabilities not designated as hedges that are classiﬁ ed as current in accordance with IAS 1 are due to mature after more than one year. These marked to market valuations are in no way predictive of the future value of the hedged position, nor of the future impact on the proﬁ t of the Group. The valuation represents the cost of buying or selling all hedge contracts at year end, at market prices and rates available at the time. Normal purchase and normal sale contracts Commodity based contracts that meet the requirements of IAS 39 in that they are settled through physical delivery of the Group’s production or are used within the production process are classiﬁ ed as normal purchase and normal sale contracts. In accordance with IAS 39 these contracts are not marked to market when they are settled through physical delivery. At the end of 2006, 10.2 million delta ounces of gold related to forward pricing commitments that matured over periods to December 2015. The mark to market value of these contracts at 31 December 2006 was negative $2,903 million based on contracted gold prices of $284/oz to $723/oz, market gold price of $636/oz, exchange rates of $/ZAR 7.001 and AUD/$ 0.789 and the prevailing market conditions at that date. AngloGold Ashanti became an associate on 20 April 2006. Anglo American plc Annual Report 2006 | 109 ANGLO AMERICAN plc ANNUAL REPORT 2006 Notes to the ﬁ nancial statements continued 25. Provisions for liabilities and charges The amount of deferred taxation provided in the accounts is as follows: US$ million At 1 January 2006 Acquired through business combinations Disposal of businesses(2) Transfer to liabilities directly associated with assets held for sale Charged to the income statement Capitalised Reclassiﬁ cations Unwinding of discount Unused amounts reversed to the income statement Amounts applied Currency movements At 31 December 2006 Maturity analysis of total provisions: Environmental Decommi- restoration(1) ssioning(1) 706 20 (201) 389 2 (151) (94) 64 (1) 37 22 – (23) 1 531 (30) 5 7 (21) 17 – (2) – 216 US$ million Current Non-current At 31 December Other Total 356 1 (24) 1,451 23 (376) (4) 171 – (10) – (128) 240 6 6 39 (31) (125) 5 339 (31) (150) 6 1,086 2006 2005 19 62 1,024 1,432 1,086 1,451 (1) The Group makes voluntary contributions to controlled funds to meet the cost of some of its decommissioning, restoration and environmental rehabilitation liabilities in South Africa (see note 15). (2) Includes environmental restoration of $200 million, decommissioning of $151 million and other of $22 million which were transferred to ‘Investments in associates’. Environmental restoration The Group has an obligation to incur restoration, rehabilitation and environmental costs when environmental disturbance is caused by the development or ongoing production of a mining property. A provision is recognised for the present value of such costs. It is anticipated that these costs will be incurred over a period in excess of 20 years. Decommissioning Provision is made for the present value of costs relating to the decommissioning of plant or other site preparation work. It is anticipated that these costs will be incurred over a period in excess of 20 years. Other Other provisions are made primarily for the present value of costs relating to cash settled share-based payments, indemnities, warranties and legal claims. It is anticipated that these costs will be incurred over a ﬁ ve year period. 26. Deferred tax Deferred tax assets US$ million At 1 January Credited to the income statement Credited to the statement of recognised income and expense Credited directly to equity Acquired through business combinations Transfer to assets held for sale Disposal of businesses(1) Reclassiﬁ cations Currency movements At 31 December 2006 2005 337 43 35 39 3 (58) (59) 41 (9) 372 127 139 21 18 – – (23) 66 (11) 337 US$ million Deferred tax assets Tax losses Other temporary differences Deferred tax liabilities Capital allowances in excess of depreciation Fair value adjustments Tax losses Convertible bond equity component Other temporary differences 2006 2005 53 319 372 176 161 337 2,448 3,280 2,294 (324) 11 (60) 5,201 1,160 (66) – 145 3,687 The amount of deferred taxation charged/(credited) to the income statement is as follows: US$ million Capital allowances in excess of depreciation Fair value adjustments Tax losses Convertible bond equity component Other temporary differences 2006 2005 297 (38) (54) (1) (132) 72 44 (31) 30 (8) (90) (55) The current expectation regarding the maturity of deferred tax balances is: US$ million Deferred tax assets Recoverable within 12 months Recoverable after 12 months Deferred tax liabilities Payable within 12 months Payable after 12 months 2006 2005 103 269 372 105 232 337 67 3,620 3,687 82 5,119 5,201 The Group has the following balances at 31 December 2006 in respect of which no deferred tax asset has been recognised: US$ million Within one year One to ﬁ ve years After ﬁ ve years No expiry date Tax losses – revenue 11 36 21 2,867 2,935 Tax Other losses – temporary capital differences – – 5 714 719 – – – – – Total 11 36 26 3,581 3,654 The Group had the following balances at 31 December 2005 in respect of which no deferred tax asset was recognised: US$ million Within one year One to ﬁ ve years After ﬁ ve years No expiry date Tax losses – revenue 157 57 247 2,988 3,449 Tax Other losses – temporary capital differences 22 – – 653 675 – – 4 80 84 Total 179 57 251 3,721 4,208 Deferred tax liabilities US$ million The Group also has unused tax credits of $65 million (2005: $10 million) for which no deferred tax asset is recognised in the balance sheet. These tax credits have no expiry date. 2006 2005 5,201 At 1 January Charged to the income statement 115 Charged/(credited) to the statement of recognised income and expense 8 Acquired through business combinations 12 Transfer to liabilities directly associated with assets held for sale Disposal of businesses(1) Reclassiﬁ cations Currency movements At 31 December (298) (1,268) 35 (118) 3,687 5,718 84 (119) (2) (46) – 80 (514) 5,201 (1) Includes a $59 million deferred tax asset and $1,267 million deferred tax liability which were transferred to ‘Investments in associates’. 110 | Anglo American plc Annual Report 2006 No liability has been recognised in respect of temporary differences associated with investments in subsidiaries, branches and associates and interests in joint ventures, where the Group is in a position to control the timing of the reversal of the temporary differences and it is probable that such differences will not reverse in the foreseeable future. The aggregate amount of temporary differences associated with investments in subsidiaries, branches and associates and interests in joint ventures, for which a deferred tax liability has not been recognised is $16,946 million (2005: $17,897 million), on which tax may be payable up to $5,084 million (2005: $5,369 million). 27. Retirement beneﬁ ts The Group operates deﬁ ned contribution and deﬁ ned beneﬁ t pension plans for the majority of its employees. It also operates post retirement medical arrangements in southern Africa and North America. The policy for accounting for pensions and post retirement beneﬁ ts is included in note 1. The market value of assets was used to determine the funding level of the plans. The market value of the assets of the funded plans was sufﬁ cient to cover 104% (2005: 95%) of the beneﬁ ts that had accrued to members after allowing for expected increases in future earnings and pensions. Companies within the Group are paying contributions as required in accordance with local actuarial advice. Deﬁ ned contribution plans The deﬁ ned contribution pension cost represents the actual contributions payable by the Group to the various plans. At 31 December 2006, there were no material outstanding/prepaid contributions and so no prepayment or accrual has been disclosed in the balance sheet in relation to these plans. The assets of the deﬁ ned contribution plans are held separately in independently administered funds. The charge in respect of these plans is calculated on the basis of the contribution payable by the Group in the ﬁ nancial year. Deﬁ ned beneﬁ t pension plans and post retirement medical plans The majority of the deﬁ ned beneﬁ t pension plans are funded. The assets of these plans are held separately from those of the Group in independently administered funds, in accordance with statutory requirements or local practice throughout the world. The unfunded pension plans are principally in Europe and South America. The post retirement medical arrangements provide health beneﬁ ts to retired employees and certain dependants. Eligibility for cover is dependent upon certain criteria. The majority of these plans are unfunded. The Group’s provision of anti-retroviral therapy to HIV positive staff has not signiﬁ cantly impacted the post retirement medical plan liability. Independent qualiﬁ ed actuaries carry out full valuations every three years using the projected unit method. The actuaries have updated the valuations to 31 December 2006. The Group’s plans in respect of pension and post retirement healthcare are summarised as follows: 2006 2005 Southern The Africa Americas Europe Total Southern The Africa Americas Europe Total 107 – 107 – – – 3 – 3 110 72 – 110 3 75 – – – 2 – 2 (1) Amounts are included in ‘Other non-current assets’. 2006 Southern The Africa Americas Europe Total Southern The Africa Americas 74 3 77 2005 US$ million Assets(1) Deﬁ ned beneﬁ t pension plans in surplus Post retirement medical plans Total US$ million Liabilities Deﬁ ned beneﬁ t pension plans in deﬁ cit Post retirement medical plans Total – 116 253 369 9 104 514 627 381 381 25 141 – 253 406 775 629 638 2 106 – 631 514 1,258 US$ million Deﬁ ned beneﬁ t pension plan Present value of liabilities Fair value of plan assets Net deﬁ cit Surplus restriction Actuarial gain on plan assets Actuarial loss on plan liabilities Post retirement medical plan Present value of liabilities Fair value of plan assets Deﬁ cit Actuarial gain/(loss) on plan liabilities 2006 2005 2004 (4,256) (3,985) (4,041) 3,479 3,539 (562) (446) – (107) (562) (553) 163 438 (198) (435) 4,160 (96) (163) (259) 308 (156) (422) 16 (406) 15 (650) 22 (628) (67) (654) 15 (639) (22) As the majority of the deﬁ ned beneﬁ t pension plans are closed to new members, it is expected that contributions will increase as the members age. The beneﬁ t obligations in respect of the unfunded plans at 31 December 2006 were $254 million (2005: $253 million). The actual return on plan assets in respect of deﬁ ned beneﬁ t pension schemes was $577 million (2005: $679 million). The net experience loss on plan liabilities was $77 million. Income statement The amounts recognised in the income statement are as follows: US$ million Post retirement Pension medical plans plans 2006 Total plans Post retirement Pension medical plans plans 2005 Total plans Analysis of the amount charged to operating proﬁ t Current service costs Past service costs Other amounts charged to the income statement (curtailments and settlements) Total within operating costs Analysis of the amount charged to net ﬁ nance costs Expected return on plan assets(1) Interest costs on plan liabilities(2) Net (credit)/charge to other net ﬁ nance costs Total charge to the income statement (1) Included in investment income. (2) Included in interest expense. 68 1 (1) 68 7 – – 7 75 1 67 (5) 8 2 75 (3) (1) 75 (25) 37 (2) 8 (27) 45 (264) (1) (265) (241) – (241) 241 33 274 229 41 270 (23) 32 9 (12) 41 45 39 84 25 49 29 74 Actuarial assumptions The principal assumptions used to determine the actuarial present value of beneﬁ t obligations and pension costs under IAS 19 are detailed below (shown as weighted averages): Southern The Africa Americas % % Southern The Africa Americas % % Europe % Deﬁ ned beneﬁ t pension plan(1) Average discount rate for plan liabilities Average rate of inﬂ ation Average rate of increase in salaries Average rate of increase of pensions in payment Average long term rate of return on plan assets Post retirement medical plan(1) Average discount rate for plan liabilities Average rate of inﬂ ation Expected average increase in healthcare costs 7.9 4.5 7.7 3.6 4.8 2.6 7.7 4.1 8.4 4.1 5.5 4.7 3.3 5.1 4.6 4.5 2.1 2.9 2.9 2.8 9.2 9.6 6.0 8.7 11.3 7.9 4.7 5.0 – n/a n/a 7.8 4.5 5.5 n/a 5.7 4.4 n/a 5.4 n/a 2005 Europe % 4.7 2.7 3.0 2.9 6.5 n/a n/a n/a (1) The mortality assumptions have been based on published mortality tables in the relevant jurisdiction. Anglo American plc Annual Report 2006 | 111 Europe Total 2006 ANGLO AMERICAN plc ANNUAL REPORT 2006 Notes to the ﬁ nancial statements continued 27. Retirement beneﬁ ts continued The market value of the pension assets in deﬁ ned beneﬁ t pension plans and long term expected rate of return as at 31 December 2006 and 31 December 2005 are detailed below: At 31 December 2006 Equity Bonds Other Present value of unfunded obligations Present value of funded obligations Present value of pension plan liabilities Surplus/(deﬁ cit) in the pension plans Surplus restriction related to pension plans Recognised pension plan assets/(liabilities) Amounts in the balance sheet Pension assets Pension liabilities At 31 December 2005 Equity Bonds Other Present value of unfunded obligations Present value of funded obligations Present value of pension plan liabilities Surplus/(deﬁ cit) in the pension plans Surplus restriction related to pension plans Recognised pension plan assets/(liabilities) Amounts in the balance sheet Pension assets Pension liabilities Rate of return % 11.0 7.4 6.9 Rate of return % 10.7 6.7 6.5 Southern Africa Fair value US$ million 1,016 649 337 2,002 – (1,737) (1,737) 265 (158) 107 107 – 107 Southern Africa Fair value US$ million 1,094 333 635 2,062 (9) (1,887) (1,896) 166 (103) 63 72 (9) 63 Rate of return % 10.4 5.8 8.9 Rate of return % – 6.3 5.0 The Americas Fair value US$ million 44 132 10 186 (87) (215) (302) (116) – (116) – (116) (116) The Americas Fair value US$ million – 81 4 85 (88) (101) (189) (104) – (104) – (104) (104) Rate of return % 7.5 4.7 4.2 Rate of return % 7.7 4.5 5.7 Europe Fair value US$ million 1,042 555 375 1,972 (167) (2,050) (2,217) (245) (5) (250) 3 (253) (250) Europe Fair value US$ million 825 490 77 1,392 (156) (1,744) (1,900) (508) (4) (512) 2 (514) (512) Movement analysis The changes in the present value of deﬁ ned beneﬁ t obligations are as follows: The changes in the fair value of plan assets are as follows: US$ million Post retirement Pension medical plans plans 2006 Total plans Post retirement Pension medical plans plans 2005 Total plans US$ million Post retirement Pension medical plans plans At 1 January Current service costs Business combinations and disposals of subsidiaries(1) Transfer to assets held for sale Past service costs and effects of settlements and curtailments Interest costs Actuarial (losses)/gains Beneﬁ ts paid Contributions paid by other members Reclassiﬁ cations Currency movements At 31 December (3,985) (68) (650) (4,635) (4,035) (67) (75) (7) (658) (4,693) (75) (8) 153 15 165 18 318 33 51 – 8 – 59 – 6 (241) (156) 155 – (33) 15 24 6 (274) (141) 179 54 (229) (435) 178 – (41) (67) 36 54 (270) (502) 214 (14) (7) (114) (4,256) (1) 5 42 (16) (15) (11) (2) (72) 525 (422) (4,678) (3,985) (2) – 82 (18) (11) 607 (650) (4,635) At 1 January Expected return Actuarial gains Business combinations and disposals of subsidiaries(1) Transfer to assets held for sale Contributions paid by employer Contributions paid by other members Beneﬁ ts paid Effects of settlements and curtailments Reclassiﬁ cations Currency movements At 31 December 3,539 264 308 22 1 – 2006 Total plans 3,561 265 308 Post retirement Pension medical plans plans 3,479 241 438 15 – – – – (173) (15) (6) – (179) (15) (2) – 309 25 334 88 37 125 14 (155) 1 (24) 15 (179) 16 (178) 2 (36) 18 (214) (6) 6 69 4,160 – – (3) 16 (6) 6 66 4,176 (16) 9 (536) 3,539 – – 4 22 (16) 9 (532) 3,561 Total Fair value US$ million 2,102 1,336 722 4,160 (254) (4,002) (4,256) (96) (163) (259) 110 (369) (259) Total Fair value US$ million 1,919 904 716 3,539 (253) (3,732) (3,985) (446) (107) (553) 74 (627) (553) 2005 Total plans 3,494 241 438 (2) – (1) Includes $435 million which was transferred to ‘Investments in associates’. (1) Includes $246 million which was transferred to ‘Investments in associates’. Assumed healthcare trend rates have a signiﬁ cant effect on the amounts recognised in the income statement. A 1% change in assumed healthcare cost trend rates would have the following effects: 1% increase 1% decrease US$ million 2006 2005 2006 2005 Effect on the sum of service costs and interest costs Effect on deﬁ ned beneﬁ t obligations 6 53 8 76 (5) (44) (5) (54) The Group expects to contribute approximately $65 million to its deﬁ ned beneﬁ t pension plans and $29 million to its post retirement medical plans in 2007. 112 | Anglo American plc Annual Report 2006 28. Called-up share capital and share-based payments Called-up share capital Authorised: 5% cumulative preference shares of £1 each Ordinary shares of 50 US cents each Number of shares US$ million Number of shares US$ million 2006 2005 50,000 – 50,000 – 2,000,000,000 1,000 2,000,000,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 Called-up, allotted and fully paid: 5% cumulative preference shares of £1 each Ordinary shares of 50 US cents each: At 1 January Convertible bonds Other At 31 December 50,000 – 50,000 – 1,493,855,896 47,789,096 8,615 1,541,653,607 747 1,493,839,387 24 3,892 12,617 – 771 1,493,855,896 747 – 747 During 2006 8,615 ordinary shares of 50 US cents each were allotted to certain non- executive directors by subscription of their after tax directors’ fees (2005: 12,617). 47,789,096 ordinary shares of 50 US cents each were allotted upon the conversion of Anglo American plc convertible bonds due 2007 (2005: 3,892). In 2006 45,621,369 ordinary shares of 50 US cents each were purchased by the Company and held in treasury (2005: nil). Excluding these the number of called-up, allotted and fully paid ordinary shares as at 31 December 2006 was 1,496,032,238; $748 million (2005: 1,493,855,896; $747 million). At general meetings, every member who is present in person has one vote on a show of hands and, on a poll, every member who is present in person or by proxy has one vote for every ordinary share held. In the event of winding up, the holders of the cumulative preference shares will be entitled to the repayment of a sum equal to the nominal capital paid up, or credited as paid up, on the cumulative preference shares held by them and any accrued dividend, whether such dividend has been earned or declared or not, calculated up to the date of the winding up. No ordinary shares of 50 US cents were allotted on exercise of employee share option plans (2005: nil). Tenon Tenon Investment Holdings (Pty) Limited (Tenon), a wholly owned subsidiary of Anglo American South Africa Limited (AASA), has entered into agreements with Epoch Investment Holdings Limited (Epoch) and Tarl Investments Holdings Limited (Tarl), each owned by an independent charitable trust whose trustees are independent of the Anglo American (AA) Group. Under the terms of these agreements, Epoch and Tarl have purchased AA plc shares on the market and have granted to Tenon the right to nominate a third party (which may include AA plc but not any of its subsidiaries) to take transfer of the AA plc shares each has purchased on the market. Tenon paid Epoch and Tarl 80% of the cost of the AA plc shares including associated costs for this right to nominate which together with subscriptions by Tenon for non-voting participating redeemable preference shares in Epoch and Tarl provided all the funding required to acquire the AA plc shares through the market. These payments by Tenon are sourced from the cash resources of AASA. Tenon is able to exercise its right of nomination at any time up to 31 December 2050 against payment of an average amount of $7.99 per share to Epoch and $9.14 per share to Tarl which will be equal to 20% of the total costs respectively incurred by Epoch and Tarl in purchasing shares nominated for transfer to the third party. These funds will then become available for redemption of the preference shares issued by Epoch and Tarl. The amount payable by the third party on receipt of the AA plc shares will accrue to Tenon and, in accordance with paragraph 33 of IAS 32, any resulting gain or loss recorded by Tenon will not be recognised in the income of AA plc. Under the agreements, Epoch and Tarl will receive dividends on the AA plc shares they hold and have agreed to waive the right to vote on those shares. The preference shares issued to the charitable trusts are entitled to a participating right of up to 10% of the proﬁ t after tax of Epoch and 5% of the proﬁ t after tax of Tarl. The preference shares issued to Tenon will carry a ﬁ xed coupon of 3% plus a participating right of up to 80% of the proﬁ t after tax of Epoch and 85% of the proﬁ t after tax of Tarl. Any remaining distributable earnings in Epoch and Tarl, after the above dividend, are then available for distribution as ordinary dividends to the charitable trusts. The structure effectively provides Tenon with a beneﬁ cial interest in the price risk on these shares together with a participation in future dividend receipts. Epoch and Tarl will retain legal title to the shares until Tenon exercises its right to nominate a transferee. At 31 December 2006, Epoch and Tarl together held 45,569,127 AA plc shares with a market value of $2,226 million and which represented 3% of the ordinary shares in issue (excluding treasury shares). Epoch and Tarl are not permitted to hold more than an aggregate of 10% of the issued share capital of AA plc at any one time. Although the Group has no voting rights in Epoch and Tarl and cannot appoint or remove trustees of the charitable trusts, Epoch and Tarl meet the accounting deﬁ nition of a subsidiary in accordance with IAS 27 Consolidated and Separate Financial Statements. As a result, Epoch and Tarl are consolidated in accordance with the deﬁ nitions of IAS 27 and the principles set out in SIC 12 Consolidation – Special Purpose Entities. Employee beneﬁ t trust The provision of shares to certain of the Company’s share option and share incentive schemes is facilitated by an employee beneﬁ t trust. During 2006, 17,764,975 (2005: 17,516,652) shares were sold to employees on exercise of their options, and provisional allocations were made to options already awarded. The employee beneﬁ t trust has waived the right to receive dividends on these shares. The market value of the 19.8 million shares held by the trust at 31 December 2006 was $966 million. At 31 December 2005 the market value of the 37.7 million shares held by the trust was $1,285 million. The costs of operating the trust are borne by the Group but are not material. Share-based payments During the year ended 31 December 2006, the Group had seven share-based payment arrangements with employees, the details of which are described in the remuneration report. All of the Group’s schemes are equity settled, either by award of options to acquire ordinary shares (ESOS, SAYE and former AAC Executive Share Incentive Scheme) or award of ordinary shares (BSP, LTIP, SIP and Deferred Bonus Matching schemes). The Deferred Bonus Matching scheme and the share option schemes are now closed to new participants, the latter schemes having been replaced with the BSP. The provision of shares to certain of the Group’s schemes is facilitated by an employee beneﬁ t trust. The employee beneﬁ t trust has waived the right to receive dividends on these shares. The costs of operating the trust are borne by the Group but are not material. The cost of shares purchased by the trust is presented against retained earnings in accordance with IAS 32 (see note 29). The total share-based payment charge relating to Anglo American shares for the year was made up as follows: US$ million ESOS BSP LTIP Other schemes Total share-based payment charge 2006 2005 17 25 31 6 79 30 15 18 6 69 Anglo American plc Annual Report 2006 | 113 ANGLO AMERICAN plc ANNUAL REPORT 2006 Notes to the ﬁ nancial statements continued 28. Called-up share capital and share-based payments continued The fair values of options granted under the ESOS and SAYE schemes, being the more material option schemes, were calculated using a Black Scholes model. No ESOS awards were granted in 2006. The assumptions used in these calculations for the current and prior years are set out in the tables below: Arrangement Date of grant Number of instruments Exercise price (£) Share price at the date of grant (£) Contractual life Vesting conditions(2) Expected volatility Expected option life Risk free interest rate Expected departures Expected outcome of meeting performance criteria (at date of grant) Fair value per option granted (weighted average) (£) ESOS(1) – – – – – – – – – – – – 2006 SAYE(1) 27/04/06 476,417 17.97 22.46 3.5 – 7.5 3 – 7 30% 3.5 – 7.5 4.6% 5%pa n/a 7.54 ESOS(1) 05/01/05 – 28/02/05 58,429 12.12 – 12.96 12.12 – 12.96 10 3 25% 5 4.5 – 4.8% 5%pa 100% 2.69 2005 SAYE(1) 28/04/05 773,541 10.15 11.30 3.5 – 7.5 3 – 7 25% 3.5 – 7.5 4.5% 5%pa n/a 2.78 The fair value of ordinary shares awarded under the BSP and LTIP – ROCE, being the more material share schemes, was calculated using a Black Scholes model. The fair value of shares awarded under the LTIP – TSR scheme was calculated using a Monte Carlo model. The assumptions used in these calculations for the current and prior years are set out in the tables below(4): Arrangement Date of grant Number of instruments Exercise price (£) Share price at the date of grant (£) Contractual life Vesting conditions Expected volatility Expected option life Risk free interest rate Expected departures Expected outcome of meeting performance criteria (at date of grant) Fair value per option granted (weighted average) (£) BSP(1) LTIP – ROCE(1) LTIP – TSR(1) BSP(1) LTIP – ROCE(1) LTIP – TSR(1) 2006 2005 06/03/06 1,861,834 – 21.59 3 (3) 30% 3 4.3% 5%pa 44 – 100% 20.04 29/03/06 749,826 – 20.72 3 (4) 30% 3 4.4% 5%pa 65% 19.46 29/03/06 749,826 – 20.72 3 (5) 30% 3 4.4% 5%pa 08/03/05 2,533,220 – 13.12 3 (3) 25% 3 4.8% 5%pa 02/04/05 1,100,000 – 12.68 3 (4) 25% 3 4.7% 5%pa n/a 13.10 44 – 100% 12.21 65% 11.59 02/04/05 1,100,000 – 12.68 3 (5) 25% 3 4.7% 5%pa n/a 3.51 (1) The number of instruments used in the fair value models differs to the total number of instruments awarded in the year due to awards made subsequent to the fair value calculations taking place. The fair value calculated per the assumptions above has been applied to the total number of awards. The difference in income statement charge is not considered signiﬁ cant. (2) Number of years continuous employment. (3) Three years continuous employment with enhancement shares having variable vesting based on non-market based performance conditions. (4) Variable vesting dependent on three years continuous employment and Group ROCE target being achieved. (5) Variable vesting dependent on three years continuous employment and market based performance conditions being achieved. The expected volatility is based on historic volatility over the last ﬁ ve years. The expected life is the average expected period to exercise. The risk free rate of return is the yield on zero-coupon UK government bonds with a term similar to the expected life of the option. The charges arising in respect of the other employee share schemes that the Group operated during the year are not considered material. A progressive dividend growth policy is assumed in all fair value calculations. 114 | Anglo American plc Annual Report 2006 28. Called-up share capital and share-based payments continued A reconciliation of option movements for the more signiﬁ cant share-based payment arrangements over the year to 31 December 2006 and the prior period is shown below. All options outstanding at 31 December 2006 with an exercise date on or prior to 31 December 2006 are deemed exercisable. Options were exercised regularly during the year and the weighted average share price for the year ended 31 December 2006 was £22.36 (2005: £14.36). Executive Share Option Scheme Options to acquire ordinary shares of 50 US cents were outstanding under the terms of this scheme as follows: At 31 December 2006 Year of grant Date exercisable 1999 1999 2000 2000 2000 2001 2001 2002 2002 2003 2003 2003 2004 2004 2004 2005 2005 2005 2005 24 June 2002 to 23 June 2009 19 October 2002 to 18 October 2009 23 March 2003 to 22 March 2010 26 June 2003 to 25 June 2010 12 September 2003 to 11 September 2010 2 April 2004 to 1 April 2011 13 September 2004 to 12 September 2011 18 March 2005 to 17 March 2012 13 September 2005 to 12 September 2012 5 March 2006 to 4 March 2013 13 August 2006 to 12 August 2013 1 October 2006 to 30 September 2013 1 March 2007 to 28 February 2014 10 August 2007 to 9 August 2014 29 November 2009 to 28 November 2014 6 January 2008 to 4 January 2015 28 February 2008 to 27 February 2015 1 August 2008 to 31 July 2015 19 August 2008 to 18 August 2015 At 31 December 2005 Year of grant Date exercisable 1999 1999 2000 2000 2000 2001 2001 2002 2002 2003 2003 2003 2004 2004 2004 2005 2005 2005 2005 24 June 2002 to 23 June 2009 19 October 2002 to 18 October 2009 23 March 2003 to 22 March 2010 26 June 2003 to 25 June 2010 12 September 2003 to 11 September 2010 2 April 2004 to 1 April 2011 13 September 2004 to 12 September 2011 18 March 2005 to 17 March 2012 13 September 2005 to 12 September 2012 5 March 2006 to 4 March 2013 13 August 2006 to 12 August 2013 1 October 2006 to 30 September 2013 1 March 2007 to 28 February 2014 10 August 2007 to 9 August 2014 29 November 2009 to 28 November 2014 6 January 2008 to 4 January 2015 28 February 2008 to 27 February 2015 1 August 2008 to 31 July 2015 19 August 2008 to 18 August 2015 Option price per share £ Options outstanding 1 Jan 2006 Options granted during the year Options exercised in year 6.98 8.00 7.66 7.66 10.19 10.03 8.00 11.50 8.05 9.28 11.41 10.81 13.43 11.52 12.73 12.12 12.96 14.40 13.94 1,844,354 63,504 2,244,700 23,000 68,000 3,290,348 63,350 3,659,521 68,102 11,729,915 237,053 70,000 7,419,462 212,031 11,147 37,579 20,850 18,000 5,500 31,086,416 748,548 – 25,504 – 764,484 – 18,000 – 39,000 – 1,452,290 – 36,600 – 1,737,862 – 52,102 – 7,442,843 – 150,863 – 60,000 – 353,806 – 4,000 – – – – – 20,850 – – – – – – 12,906,752 Option price per share £ Options outstanding 1 Jan 2005 Options granted during the year Options exercised in year 2,885,866 6.98 201,972 8.00 3,582,552 7.66 69,816 7.66 137,112 10.19 6,833,964 10.03 115,200 8.00 7,152,218 11.50 8.05 117,890 9.28 12,506,385 242,398 11.41 70,000 10.81 7,720,769 13.43 212,031 11.52 11,147 12.73 – 12.12 – 12.96 – 14.40 – 13.94 41,859,320 1,041,512 – 138,468 – 1,337,852 – 46,816 – 69,112 – 3,543,616 – 51,850 – 3,476,369 – 49,788 – 746,970 – 5,345 – – – 296,307 – – – – – – 37,579 – 20,850 – 18,000 5,500 – 81,929 10,804,005 Options forfeited in year – – – – – – – – – – – – 268,680 13,709 – – – – – 282,389 Options forfeited in year – – – – – – – 7,600 – 29,500 – – 5,000 – – – – – – 42,100 Options expired in year 19,000 – 34,000 – – 92,400 – 72,959 5,000 264,674 26,430 – – – – – – – – 514,463 Options expired in year – – – – – – – 8,728 – – – – – – – – – – – 8,728 Options outstanding 31 Dec 2006 1,076,806 38,000 1,446,216 5,000 29,000 1,745,658 26,750 1,848,700 11,000 4,022,398 59,760 10,000 6,796,976 194,322 11,147 37,579 – 18,000 5,500 17,382,812 Options outstanding 31 Dec 2005 1,844,354 63,504 2,244,700 23,000 68,000 3,290,348 63,350 3,659,521 68,102 11,729,915 237,053 70,000 7,419,462 212,031 11,147 37,579 20,850 18,000 5,500 31,086,416 Anglo American plc Annual Report 2006 | 115 ANGLO AMERICAN plc ANNUAL REPORT 2006 Notes to the ﬁ nancial statements continued 28. Called-up share capital and share-based payments continued SAYE Share Option Scheme(1) Options to acquire ordinary shares of 50 US cents were outstanding under the terms of this scheme as follows: At 31 December 2006 Year of grant Date exercisable 1999 2000 2000 2001 2001 2002 2002 2002 2003 2003 2003 2004 2004 2004 2005 2005 2005 2006 2006 2006 1 September 2006 to 28 February 2007 1 July 2005 to 31 December 2005(2) 1 July 2007 to 31 December 2007 1 July 2006 to 31 December 2006 1 July 2008 to 31 December 2008 1 September 2005 to 28 February 2006 1 September 2007 to 28 February 2008 1 September 2009 to 28 February 2010 1 September 2006 to 28 February 2007 1 September 2008 to 28 February 2009 1 September 2010 to 28 February 2011 1 September 2007 to 28 February 2008 1 September 2009 to 28 February 2010 1 September 2011 to 28 February 2012 1 September 2008 to 28 February 2009 1 September 2010 to 28 February 2011 1 September 2012 to 28 February 2013 1 September 2009 to 28 February 2010 1 September 2011 to 28 February 2012 1 September 2013 to 28 February 2014 At 31 December 2005 Year of grant Date exercisable 1999 1999 2000 2000 2001 2001 2001 2002 2002 2002 2003 2003 2003 2004 2004 2004 2005 2005 2005 1 September 2004 to 28 February 2005 1 September 2006 to 28 February 2007 1 July 2005 to 31 December 2005 1 July 2007 to 31 December 2007 1 July 2004 to 31 December 2004(2) 1 July 2006 to 31 December 2006 1 July 2008 to 31 December 2008 1 September 2005 to 28 February 2006 1 September 2007 to 28 February 2008 1 September 2009 to 28 February 2010 1 September 2006 to 28 February 2007 1 September 2008 to 28 February 2009 1 September 2010 to 28 February 2011 1 September 2007 to 28 February 2008 1 September 2009 to 28 February 2010 1 September 2011 to 28 February 2012 1 September 2008 to 28 February 2009 1 September 2010 to 28 February 2011 1 September 2012 to 28 February 2013 Former AAC Executive Share Incentive Scheme(1) At 31 December 2006 Year of grant Date exercisable 1990-1997 1 January 1999 to 15 December 2007 1 January 2000 to 4 December 2008 1998 4 January 2001 to 4 January 2009 1999 At 31 December 2005 Year of grant Date exercisable 1990-1997 1 January 1999 to 15 December 2007 1 January 2000 to 4 December 2008 1998 4 January 2001 to 4 January 2009 1999 Option price per share £ Options outstanding 1 Jan 2006 Options granted during the year 6.38 4.85 4.85 8.45 8.45 9.23 9.23 9.23 7.52 7.52 7.52 10.81 10.81 10.81 10.15 10.15 10.15 17.97 17.97 17.97 24,292 19,667 337,199 181,426 52,084 7,517 120,423 37,086 444,260 193,406 54,309 190,004 106,383 25,741 374,272 321,011 62,208 – – – 2,551,288 – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 276,978 150,153 49,286 476,417 Option price per share £ Options outstanding 1 Jan 2005 Options granted during the year 6.38 6.38 4.85 4.85 8.45 8.45 8.45 9.23 9.23 9.23 7.52 7.52 7.52 10.81 10.81 10.81 10.15 10.15 10.15 5,580 30,740 1,279,300 359,896 13,763 201,350 55,868 202,906 137,962 45,372 503,209 218,548 60,914 221,544 123,361 29,742 – – – 3,490,055 – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 387,357 323,089 63,095 773,541 Weighted average option price per share £ 3.69 3.96 3.31 Weighted average option price per share £ 4.72 4.57 3.82 Options outstanding 1 Jan 2006 163,300 5,357,700 120,100 5,641,100 Options outstanding 1 Jan 2005 419,200 8,397,100 239,500 9,055,800 Options exercised in year 22,451 9,880 5,806 176,766 2,977 2,548 7,118 1,294 427,353 5,299 177 6,321 3,021 418 5,236 1,396 40 13 – – 678,114 Options exercised in year 3,692 5,918 1,259,008 8,875 2,491 7,415 1,088 183,513 1,847 326 12,222 3,311 200 1,464 376 325 110 30 – 1,492,211 Options exercised in year 107,100 2,721,620 24,600 2,853,320 Options exercised in year 255,900 3,039,400 119,400 3,414,700 Options forfeited in year 113 – 1,370 2,331 4,070 – 5,667 1,739 5,627 10,537 3,928 14,948 10,465 1,013 43,531 27,143 1,261 11,363 3,203 1,483 149,792 Options forfeited in year 1,888 228 – 13,017 11,272 10,149 2,305 10,981 13,923 7,665 37,632 16,674 5,945 26,529 14,351 2,373 11,407 1,363 887 188,589 Options forfeited in year 4,400 – – 4,400 Options forfeited in year – – – – Options expired in year – 9,787 – 798 – 4,969 1,754 349 4,340 872 377 1,027 302 260 1,938 4,392 352 104 – 95 31,716 Options expired in year – 302 625 805 – 2,360 391 895 1,769 295 9,095 5,157 460 3,547 2,251 1,303 1,568 685 – 31,508 Options expired in year 2,000 – – 2,000 Options expired in year – – – – Options outstanding 31 Dec 2006 1,728 – 330,023 1,531 45,037 – 105,884 33,704 6,940 176,698 49,827 167,708 92,595 24,050 323,567 288,080 60,555 265,498 146,950 47,708 2,168,083 Options outstanding 31 Dec 2005 – 24,292 19,667 337,199 – 181,426 52,084 7,517 120,423 37,086 444,260 193,406 54,309 190,004 106,383 25,741 374,272 321,011 62,208 2,551,288 Options outstanding 31 Dec 2006 49,800 2,636,080 95,500 2,781,380 Options outstanding 31 Dec 2005 163,300 5,357,700 120,100 5,641,100 The above share option prices have been calculated using a weighted average option price based on the shares outstanding at 31 December 2006 and converted to sterling using an exchange rate of £1.00 = ZAR 12.51 (2005: £1.00 = ZAR 11.57). See following page for footnotes. 116 | Anglo American plc Annual Report 2006 28. Called-up share capital and share-based payments continued Long Term Incentive Plan(1)(3) Ordinary shares of 50 US cents may be awarded for no consideration under the terms of this scheme. The number of shares outstanding is as shown below: At 31 December 2006 Year of grant Date exercisable 2002 2003 2004 2004 2004 2005 2005 2006 25 May 2005 to 24 May 2006 11 April 2006 to 10 April 2007 25 March 2007 to 24 March 2008 26 April 2007 to 25 April 2008 1 September 2007 to 31 August 2008 2 April 2008 to 1 April 2009 1 June 2008 to 30 June 2009 29 March 2009 to 28 March 2010 At 31 December 2005 Year of grant Date exercisable 2001 2002 2003 2004 2004 2004 2005 2005 15 April 2004 to 14 April 2005 25 May 2005 to 24 May 2006 11 April 2006 to 10 April 2007 25 March 2007 to 24 March 2008 26 April 2007 to 25 April 2008 1 September 2007 to 31 August 2008 2 April 2008 to 1 April 2009 1 June 2008 to 30 June 2009 Shares outstanding 1 Jan 2006 64,829 1,866,963 1,608,079 170,323 10,000 2,098,393 61,993 – 5,880,580 Shares outstanding 1 Jan 2005 82,692 1,341,783 1,879,163 1,617,079 171,468 10,000 – – 5,102,185 Shares conditionally awarded during the year – – – – – – – 1,499,652 1,499,652 Shares conditionally awarded during the year – – – – – – 2,177,993 61,993 2,239,986 Shares vested in year 64,829 765,702 – – – – – – 830,531 Shares vested in year 82,692 916,769 – – – – – – 999,461 Shares forfeited in year – 982,360 35,600 – – 40,200 – 7,400 1,065,560 Shares forfeited in year – 360,185 12,200 9,000 1,145 – 79,600 – 462,130 Bonus Share Plan(4) Ordinary shares of 50 US cents may be awarded under the terms of this scheme. The number of shares outstanding is as shown below: At 31 December 2006 Year of grant Performance period end date 2004 2005 2006 31 December 2006 31 December 2007 31 December 2008 At 31 December 2005 Year of grant Performance period end date 2004 2005 31 December 2006 31 December 2007 Shares outstanding 1 Jan 2006 497,738 2,418,612 – 2,916,350 Shares conditionally awarded during the year – – 1,861,834 1,861,834 Shares outstanding 1 Jan 2005 511,860 – 511,860 Shares conditionally awarded during the year – 2,534,492 2,534,492 Shares vested in year 38,001 73,749 12,209 123,959 Shares vested in year 11,129 89,770 100,899 Shares forfeited in year – 51,157 34,163 85,320 Shares forfeited in year 2,993 26,110 29,103 Shares expired in year – – – – – – – – – Shares expired in year – – – – – – – – – Shares expired in year – – – – Shares expired in year – – – Shares outstanding 31 Dec 2006 – 118,901 1,572,479 170,323 10,000 2,058,193 61,993 1,492,252 5,484,141 Shares outstanding 31 Dec 2005 – 64,829 1,866,963 1,608,079 170,323 10,000 2,098,393 61,993 5,880,580 Shares outstanding 31 Dec 2006 459,737 2,293,706 1,815,462 4,568,905 Shares outstanding 31 Dec 2005 497,738 2,418,612 2,916,350 Other share incentive schemes During the year the Company operated a number of other share schemes under which ordinary shares of 50 US cents may be awarded for no consideration. Deferred bonus matching Share incentive plan Awards outstanding at 31 December 2006 Awards outstanding at 31 December 2005 – 1,112,139 1,112,139 124,331 1,040,505 1,164,836 Latest release date – 7 December 2007 (1) The early exercise of share options is permitted at the discretion of the Company upon the termination of employment, ill health or death. (2) The maturity period has been extended due to missed payments in terms of the scheme rules. (3) The long term incentive awards are contingent on pre-established performance criteria being met. Further information in respect of this scheme is shown in the remuneration report. (4) The Bonus Share Plan (‘BSP’) was approved by shareholders in 2004 as a replacement for the ESOS and the Deferred Bonus Plan. Further information in respect of the BSP, including performance conditions, is shown in the remuneration report. Anglo American plc Annual Report 2006 | 117 ANGLO AMERICAN plc ANNUAL REPORT 2006 Notes to the ﬁ nancial statements continued 29. Reconciliation of changes in equity US$ million Balance at 1 January 2005 Total recognised income and expense Dividends paid Shares issued Share-based payments Disposal of businesses Issue of shares to minority interests Dividends paid to minority interests Exercise of employee share options Purchase of minority interests Balance at 1 January 2006 Total recognised income and expense Dividends paid Dividends paid to minority interests Shares issued and reclassiﬁ cation on conversion of bond(3) Convertible debt reserve transfer to retained earnings Acquisition and disposal of businesses(4) Issue of shares to minority interests Share buybacks Purchase of shares for share schemes Current tax on exercised employee share awards Share-based payments Issue of treasury shares under employee share schemes IFRS 2 charge arising on BEE transaction Transfer to legal reserve Revaluation reserve arising from acquisition of minority interests Deﬁ cit on conversion of Platinum’s preference shares Tax charge directly to equity relating to transactions with shareholders Tax credit on transactions with equity holders Other Balance at 31 December 2006 Total share capital(1) 2,380 – – 4 – – – – – – 2,384 – – – 1,100 – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 3,484 Retained earnings(2) 17,440 3,364 (1,137) – – – – – 240 – 19,907 6,256 (2,839) – – 109 – – (3,951) (19) 34 – 286 28 (3) – (62) (8) – – 19,738 Attributable to equity shareholders of the Company Share- based payment reserve Cumulative translation adjustment reserve Fair value and other reserves 55 – – – 100 – – – – – 155 – – – – – – – – – – 94 (31) – – – – – 29 – 247 2,247 (1,908) – – – – – – – – 339 (377) – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – (38) 998 (162) – – – – – – – – 836 136 – – (32) (109) – – – – – – – – 3 (4) – – 10 – 840 Minority interests 4,466 82 – – 6 (3) 16 (421) – (189) 3,957 603 – (383) – – (1,454) 37 – – – 14 – 6 – – 62 (3) – 17 2,856 Total equity 27,586 1,376 (1,137) 4 106 (3) 16 (421) 240 (189) 27,578 6,618 (2,839) (383) 1,068 – (1,454) 37 (3,951) (19) 34 108 255 34 – (4) – (11) 39 17 27,127 (1) Total share capital comprises called-up share capital of $771 million (2005: $747 million) and the share premium account of $2,713 million (2005: $1,637 million). (2) Retained earnings is stated after deducting $4,218 million (2005: $456 million) of treasury shares. Treasury shares comprise shares of Anglo American plc held in the employee beneﬁ t trust, own shares held by Anglo American plc and other Group companies and treasury shares held by Epoch Investment Holdings Limited (Epoch) and Tarl Investments Holdings Limited (Tarl) as referred to in Note 28. As at 31 December 2006, the following treasury shares were held: shares held by the employee beneﬁ t trust $247 million (2005: $456 million), own shares held by Anglo American plc $2,010 million (2005: nil), own shares held by other Group companies $20 million (2005: nil) and treasury shares held by Epoch and Tarl $1,941 million (2005: nil). (3) During the year ended 31 December 2006, the whole of the Anglo American plc convertible bond was converted to equity by bondholders. This has resulted in a reduction in the discounted balance sheet liability of $1,068 million and a corresponding increase in issued share capital and share premium. A further reserve transfer of $32 million has been made from the convertible bond reserve to share premium to reﬂ ect the total fair value of shares issued to bondholders. During the year ended 31 December 2006, the number of shares converted was 47,789,096, at a conversion price of $23.12 to May 2006 and $22.76 subsequently. (4) Includes $1,101 million which was transferred to ‘Investments in associates’. 118 | Anglo American plc Annual Report 2006 Fair value and other reserves comprise: US$ million Balance at 1 January 2005 Total recognised income and expense Balance at 1 January 2006 Total recognised income and expense Reclassiﬁ cation on conversion of bond Convertible debt reserve transfer to retained earnings Transfer to legal reserve Revaluation reserve arising from acquisition of minority interests Tax credit on transactions with equity holders Balance at 31 December 2006 Convertible debt reserve Available for sale reserve Cash ﬂ ow hedge reserve Other reserves(1) Total fair value and other reserves 128 3 131 – (32) (109) – – 10 – 48 6 54 437 – – – – – 491 50 (171) (121) (301) – – – – – (422) 772 – 772 – – – 3 (4) – 771 998 (162) 836 136 (32) (109) 3 (4) 10 840 (1) Other reserves comprise $693 million (2005: $690 million) legal reserve and $82 million (2005: $82 million) capital redemption reserve, partially offset by negative revaluation reserve of $4 million (2005: nil). 30. Consolidated cash ﬂ ow analysis a) Reconciliation of proﬁ t before tax to cash inﬂ ows from operations US$ million Proﬁ t before tax Depreciation and amortisation Share-based payment charge Special items and remeasurements of subsidiaries and joint ventures Net ﬁ nance costs before remeasurements Fair value gains before special items and remeasurements Share of net income from associates Additional pension contributions Provisions Increase in inventories Increase in operating receivables Increase in operating payables Other adjustments Cash inﬂ ows from operations b) Reconciliation to the balance sheet US$ million Balance sheet Continuing operations Disposal groups(2) Bank overdrafts Continuing operations Disposal groups(2) Net debt classiﬁ cations 2006 9,562 2,036 189 (300) 165 (152) (685) (232) 11 (377) (625) 470 (5) 10,057 2005 5,208 2,441 92 365 428 (278) (657) – 113 (453) (600) 539 67 7,265 Cash and cash equivalents Short term borrowings(1) Medium and long term borrowings 2006 2005 2006 2005 2006 2005 3,004 63 (87) – 2,980 3,430 – (111) – 3,319 (2,028) (135) 87 – (2,076) (2,076) – 111 – (1,965) (4,220) (8) – – (4,228) (6,363) – – – (6,363) (1) Short term borrowings on the balance sheet include overdrafts which are included within cash and cash equivalents for net debt. (2) Disposal group balances are shown as ‘assets classiﬁ ed as held for sale’ and ‘liabilities directly associated with assets classiﬁ ed as held for sale’ on the balance sheet. c) Movement in net debt US$ million Balance at 1 January 2005 Cash ﬂ ow Acquisition and disposal of businesses Unwinding of discount on convertible debt Reclassiﬁ cations Movement in fair value Other non-cash movements Currency movements Balance at 1 January 2006 Cash ﬂ ow Acquisition and disposal of businesses(4) Conversion to equity Unwinding of discount on convertible debt Reclassiﬁ cations Movement in fair value Other non-cash movements Currency movements Balance at 31 December 2006 Debt due within one year Debt due after one year Cash and cash equivalents(1) 2,781 602 – – – – – (64) 3,319 (170) – – – – – – (169) 2,980 Carrying value (3,272) 1,356 2 – (300) – – 249 (1,965) (193) 224 311 – (509) – 6 50 (2,076) Hedge(2) 55 25 – – – (67) – – 13 – – – – – (7) – – 6 Carrying value (7,961) 632 5 (53) 299 12 – 703 (6,363) (374) 1,480 757 (13) 438 5 (13) (145) (4,228) Current ﬁ nancial asset investments Hedge(2) 302 – – – – (302) – – – – – – – – 187 – – 187 2 (13) – – 1 – 29 (3) 16 (5) (1) – – – – (14) 4 – Total net debt(3) (8,093) 2,602 7 (53) – (357) 29 885 (4,980) (742) 1,703 1,068 (13) (71) 185 (21) (260) (3,131) (1) The Group operates in certain countries (principally South Africa and Venezuela) where the existence of exchange controls may restrict the use of certain cash balances. These restrictions are not expected to have any material effect on the Group’s ability to meet its ongoing obligations. (2) Derivative instruments that have been designated as hedges of assets and liabilities are included above to reﬂ ect the true net debt position of the Group at the year end. These instruments are classiﬁ ed within other ﬁ nancial assets and liabilities on the balance sheet. (3) Net debt excluding the impact of hedges is $3,324 million (2005: $4,993 million) and consists of cash and cash equivalents of $2,980 million (2005: $3,319 million), short term borrowings of $2,076 million (2005: $1,965 million), medium and long term borrowings of $4,228 million (2005: $6,363 million), and current ﬁ nancial asset investments of nil (2005: $16 million). (4) Includes net debt of $1,917 million which was transferred to ‘Investments in associates’. Anglo American plc Annual Report 2006 | 119 ANGLO AMERICAN plc ANNUAL REPORT 2006 Notes to the ﬁ nancial statements continued 30. Consolidated cash ﬂ ow analysis continued d) EBITDA by business segment US$ million By business segment Platinum Gold Diamonds Coal Base Metals Industrial Minerals Ferrous Metals and Industries Paper and Packaging Exploration Corporate Activities EBITDA EBITDA is stated before special items and remeasurements and is reconciled to ‘Total proﬁ t from operations and associates’ as follows: US$ million Total proﬁ t from operations and associates Operating special items and remeasurements (including associates) Net proﬁ t on disposals (including associates) Associates’ ﬁ nancing remeasurements Depreciation and amortisation: subsidiaries and joint ventures Share of associates’ interest, tax, depreciation, amortisation and minority interests EBITDA 2006 2005 2,845 843 541 1,082 4,214 580 1,560 923 (132) (259) 12,197 2006 9,727 991 (1,367) (26) 2,036 836 12,197 1,282 871 655 1,243 1,990 618 1,779 916 (150) (245) 8,959 2005 5,601 640 (185) (7) 2,441 469 8,959 31. Business combinations 32. Disposal of subsidiaries and businesses The Group made one material acquisition in the year ended 31 December 2006. The Group acquired a 100% interest in AltaSteel, including the remaining 50% of Moly-Cop Canada, on 1 February 2006, for a total cash consideration of $84 million (including transaction costs). US$ million Net assets acquired Intangible assets Tangible assets Deferred tax assets Other ﬁ nancial assets (derivatives) Other non-current assets Inventories Trade and other receivables Cash and cash equivalents Short term borrowings Overdrafts Trade and other payables Medium and long term borrowings Retirement beneﬁ t obligations Deferred tax liabilities Provisions for liabilities and charges Other non-current liabilities Equity minority interests Revaluation on acquisition of minority interests Net assets acquired Goodwill arising on acquisition Negative goodwill arising on acquisition Total cost of acquisition Satisﬁ ed by Net cash acquired Deferred consideration Net cash paid AltaSteel(1) Carrying value Fair value Carrying value Other Fair value Total fair value 2006 – 74 – 40 1 30 27 8 – – (21) – (46) (11) – – – – 102 3 75 – 40 1 30 27 8 – – (21) – (46) (4) (21) – – – 92 – (8) 84 8 – 76 5 116 1 – – 41 55 11 (36) (20) (35) (10) (4) (1) (2) (1) 15 – 135 1 182 3 – – 41 55 11 (36) (20) (37) (10) (6) (8) (2) (1) 3 4 180 41 (2) 219 (9) 18 210 4 257 3 40 1 71 82 19 (36) (20) (58) (10) (52) (12) (23) (1) 3 4 272 41 (10) 303 (1) 18 286 (1) The revenue and operating proﬁ t for the year ended 31 December 2006 of AltaSteel, including the remaining 50% of Moly-Cop Canada, if the acquisition date had been at the beginning of the year, would have been $93 million and $34 million respectively. The operating proﬁ t for the period since acquisition was $32 million. There was one material acquisition made during the year to 31 December 2005. The Group acquired the remaining 48.75% minority interest in Ticor Ltd for a total cash consideration of $177 million. Net assets acquired in the transaction totalled $191 million. US$ million 2006 2005 Net assets disposed Tangible assets Other non-current assets Current assets Current liabilities Non-current liabilities Net assets Minority interests Group’s share of net assets immediately prior to disposal Less: Retained investment in an associate Less: Retained ﬁ nancial asset investment Less: Movement in share of assets arising on deemed disposal Add: Purchase price adjustment Add: Liabilities retained Net assets disposed Cumulative translation differences recycled from reserves Increase in minority share Fair value losses arising on transaction Other Net gain on disposal Net sale proceeds Net cash and cash equivalents disposed Non-cash proceeds Other Net cash inﬂ ow on disposals 7,925 1,027 3,115 (2,878) (4,683) 4,506 (1,679) 2,827 (1,451) (370) (170) 10 – 846 (9) 220 52 13 1,072 2,194 (283) (393) 2 1,520 178 87 408 (231) (87) 355 (3) 352 – – – – 95 447 – – – – 30 477 (58) – – 419 Disposals recorded during the year principally include the partial disposal of AngloGold Ashanti, disposal of the non-iron ore operations of Kumba Resources, disposal of a 49.8% interest in Highveld Steel and Vanadium and the disposal of a 15% interest in Anglo Platinum’s Rustenburg Platinum Mines’ Union section mining and concentrating business and interests in prospecting rights. Details of these disposals are included below. The prior year disposals principally relate to Boart Longyear. a) AngloGold Ashanti On 20 April 2006 the Group completed the sale of 19.7 million ordinary shares held in AngloGold Ashanti Limited for cash of $978 million. This, together with the Group’s non-participation in the issue of additional ordinary shares, throughout the year, by AngloGold Ashanti, diluted the Group’s percentage investment from 50.9% to 41.7%. With effect from that date, the Group ceased to account for AngloGold Ashanti as a subsidiary and began accounting for it as an associate under the equity method. 120 | Anglo American plc Annual Report 2006 32. Disposal of subsidiaries and businesses continued a) AngloGold Ashanti continued The net asset position at the date of disposal, together with the reclassiﬁ cation to an associate and resulting gain on disposal of shares and related net cash inﬂ ow are shown below: US$ million Tangible assets Other non-current assets Current assets Current liabilities Non-current liabilities Net assets Minority interest Group’s share of AngloGold Ashanti net assets immediately prior to disposal Less: Retained investment in an associated undertaking immediately after disposal Net assets disposed Cumulative translation differences recycled from reserves Net gain on disposal Net sale proceeds Net cash and cash equivalents disposed Other Net cash inﬂ ow from partial disposal of AngloGold Ashanti c) Highveld Steel and Vanadium Corporation (Highveld) On 14 July 2006, the Group announced the sale of Anglo American’s 79% stake in Highveld to Evraz Group SA and Credit Suisse for a total consideration of $678 million. The disposal of the initial 49.8%, for which Anglo American received $412 million, followed certain regulatory approvals. Evraz has an option to acquire Anglo American’s remaining 29.2% stake in Highveld for $266 million. This amount will be reduced by any dividends paid by Highveld prior to Anglo American selling its remaining shares. Anglo American and Credit Suisse have agreed that Anglo American will retain the voting rights in respect of the shares acquired by Credit Suisse until such time as Anglo American disposes of all its shares in Highveld. As a result, the Group continues to consolidate Highveld (while recording an increased minority interest). The net asset position at the date of the initial disposal, 14 July 2006, together with the resulting gain on disposal of shares and related net cash inﬂ ow are shown below: 1,701 US$ million Increase in minority share Cumulative translation differences recycled from reserves Other Net gain on disposal Net cash inﬂ ow from partial disposal of Highveld 2006 100 5 6 301 412 2006 6,613 856 2,162 (2,596) (4,233) 2,802 (1,101) (1,451) 250 (9) 737 978 (147) 8 839 The non-participation in the issue of additional shares by AngloGold Ashanti further diluted the percentage investment and thereby resulted in a deemed disposal. The gain on deemed disposal is: US$ million Movement in share of net assets as a result of share issue Deemed disposal of goodwill and mining properties Cumulative translation differences recycled from reserves Deemed gain on disposal 2006 187 (17) 2 172 b) Kumba (non-iron ore) On 28 November 2006 the Kumba Resources BEE transaction was effected. Kumba Iron Ore was accordingly unbundled from Kumba Resources (leaving the non-iron ore operations) which was renamed Exxaro. The Group retained a 64% interest in Kumba Iron Ore. The Group disposed of part of its investment in Exxaro through a share buyback and sale of shares. The Group retains an interest of 23% in Exxaro over which it does not exercise signiﬁ cant inﬂ uence and accordingly this has been held as an available for sale ﬁ nancial asset since 28 November 2006. The net asset position of Exxaro at 28 November 2006, together with the resulting loss on disposal of shares and related net cash inﬂ ow are shown below: US$ million Tangible assets Other non-current assets Current assets Current liabilities Non-current liabilities Net assets Minority interest Group’s share of Exxaro net assets immediately prior to disposal Less: Retained ﬁ nancial asset investment Net assets disposed Cumulative translation differences recycled from reserves Increase in minority share Fair value loss arising on transaction Other Net loss on disposal Net sale proceeds Net cash and cash equivalents disposed Non-cash proceeds Net cash inﬂ ow from partial disposal of Exxaro 2006 1,186 145 887 (248) (438) 1,532 (564) 968 (370) 598 (4) 50 36 9 (52) 637 (123) (393) 121 d) Anglo Platinum’s Rustenburg Platinum Mines On 8 November 2006, Anglo Platinum announced the conclusion of the BEE transaction with the Bakgatla-Ba-Kgafela (Bakgatla) traditional community. In terms of this transaction the Bakgatla acquired a 15% interest in Anglo Platinum’s Rustenburg Platinum Mines’ Union section mining and concentrating business and interests in prospecting rights of the Rooderand 46 JQ, portion 2 and Magazynskraal 3 JQ properties. The agreements became unconditional on 1 December 2006. The net assets disposed together with the resulting loss and related cash inﬂ ow are shown below: US$ million Net assets disposed Increase in minority share Fair value charge arising on transaction Net loss on disposal Purchase price adjustment Net cash inﬂ ow from partial disposal of Union mine 2006 47 70 16 (84) 10 59 Anglo American plc Annual Report 2006 | 121 ANGLO AMERICAN plc ANNUAL REPORT 2006 Notes to the ﬁ nancial statements continued 33. Disposal groups and non-current assets held for sale 36. Operating leases Net assets relating to Kumba (non-iron ore) which were previously classiﬁ ed as held for sale at 30 June 2006, were disposed of on 28 November 2006 as disclosed in note 32. At 31 December 2006, the Group had the following outstanding commitments under non-cancellable operating leases: US$ million Expiry date Within one year One to two years Two to ﬁ ve years After ﬁ ve years 2006 2005 93 71 202 500 866 88 85 112 321 606 37. Related party transactions The Group has a related party relationship with its subsidiaries, associates and joint ventures (see note 38). At 31 December 2006, Anglo American holds $175 million (2005: $350 million) of 10% non-cumulative redeemable preference shares in DBI. The Company and its subsidiaries, in the ordinary course of business, enter into various sales, purchase and service transactions with joint ventures and associates and others in which the Group has a material interest. These transactions are under terms that are no less favourable than those arranged with third parties. Dividends received from associates during the year totalled $276 million (2005: $461 million), as disclosed in the consolidated cash ﬂ ow statement. During the year Anglo Coal made payments of $13 million in respect of wharfage charges to the Richards Bay Coal Terminal, an associate of Anglo Coal. Additionally, Anglo Coal made a long term loan to the Richards Bay Coal Terminal of $4 million to fund operational and capital expenditure. The directors of the Company and their immediate relatives control 3% (2005: 3%) of the voting shares of the Company. Remuneration and beneﬁ ts received by directors is disclosed in the directors’ remuneration report. Remuneration and beneﬁ ts of other key management personnel is given in note 6. Information relating to pension fund arrangements is disclosed in note 27. The following assets and liabilities relating to disposal groups are classiﬁ ed as held for sale at 31 December 2006. The Group expects to complete the sale of these businesses within 12 months of year end. US$ million Intangible assets Tangible assets Biological assets Environmental rehabilitation trusts Investments in associates Financial asset investments Other non-current assets Total non-current assets Inventories Trade and other receivables Cash and cash equivalents Total current assets Total assets Short term borrowings Trade and other payables Other current ﬁ nancial liabilities Total current liabilities Medium and long term borrowings Provisions Deferred tax liabilities Retirement beneﬁ t obligations Total non-current liabilities Total liabilities Net assets Namakwa Highveld(1) Sands(2) – 322 – – – 15 – 337 116 160 60 336 673 (134) (166) (4) (304) (3) (23) (43) (15) (84) (388) 285 2 278 – 2 – – 1 283 38 41 – 79 362 – (21) – (21) – (5) (72) (3) (80) (101) 261 Other Total 4 42 16 – 47 5 – 114 12 24 3 39 153 (1) (46) – (47) (5) (2) (4) – (11) (58) 95 6 642 16 2 47 20 1 734 166 225 63 454 1,188 (135) (233) (4) (372) (8) (30) (119) (18) (175) (547) 641 (1) The Highveld disposal group is included in the Ferrous Metals and Industries business. Details of the impending sale are included in note 32c. (2) The Namakwa Sands disposal group is included in the Base Metals business. Details of the impending sale are included in note 39. The net carrying amount of assets and associated liabilities reclassiﬁ ed as held for sale during the year was written down by $28 million (after tax) (2005: $36 million) in the current period to their fair value less costs to sell. 34. Capital commitments US$ million Contracted but not provided 2006 2005 1,886 1,247 35. Contingent liabilities and contingent assets The Group is subject to various claims which arise in the ordinary course of business. Having taken appropriate legal advice, the Group believe that the likelihood of a material liability arising is remote. Contingent liabilities comprise aggregate amounts of $214 million (2005: $163 million) in respect of loans and performance guarantees given to banks and other third parties and are primarily in respect of environmental restoration and decommissioning obligations. At 31 December 2006, contingent liabilities of nil (2005: $2 million) were secured on the assets of the Group. There were no signiﬁ cant contingent assets in the Group at either 31 December 2006 or 31 December 2005. 122 | Anglo American plc Annual Report 2006 38. Group companies The principal subsidiaries, joint ventures, associates and proportionately consolidated joint arrangements of the Group at 31 December 2006, and the Group percentage of equity capital, joint arrangements and joint venture interests are set out below. All these interests are held indirectly by the parent company and are consolidated within these ﬁ nancial statements. The Group has restricted the information to its principal subsidiaries as full compliance with section 231(b) of the Companies Act would result in a statement of excessive length. Subsidiary undertakings Platinum Anglo Platinum Limited Coal Anglo Coal(2) Anglo Coal Holdings Australia Limited Base Metals Black Mountain Mineral Development(2) Namakwa Sands(2) Gamsberg Zinc Corporation(2) Anglo American Brasil Limitada (Barro Alto) Ambase Exploration (Namibia) Proprietary Limited (Skorpion) Anglo American Brasil Limitada (Catalão) Minera Sur Andes Limitada Empresa Minera de Mantos Blancos SA Anglo American Brasil Limitada (Codemin) Minera Loma de Níquel, CA Minera Quellaveco SA Lisheen Industrial Minerals Tarmac Group Limited Tarmac France SA Lausitzer Grauwacke GmbH Tarmac Iberia SA WKSM SA Tarmac CZ a.s. Copebrás Limitada Midland Quarry Products Limited Tarmac SRL Koca Beton Agrega Mining and Construction Industry and Trading Company Limited Ferrous Metals and Industries Scaw Metals(2)/Moly-Cop/AltaSteel Highveld Steel and Vanadium Corporation Limited(3) Kumba Iron Ore Limited(4) The Tongaat-Hulett Group Limited Paper and Packaging Mondi Business Papers SARL Mondi South Africa Limited Mondi Packaging SARL Mondi Packaging Paper Swiecie SA Mondi Packaging South Africa(5) Europapier AG Austria(6) Country of incorporation Business Percentage of equity owned(1) 2006 2005 South Africa Platinum 75.4% 74.5% South Africa Australia South Africa South Africa South Africa Brazil Namibia Brazil Chile Chile Brazil Venezuela Peru Ireland UK France Germany Spain Poland Czech Republic Brazil UK Romania Turkey Coal Coal 100% 100% 100% 100% Copper, zinc and lead Mineral sands Zinc project Nickel project Zinc Niobium Copper Copper Nickel Nickel Copper project Zinc and lead 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 99.9% 100% 91.4% 80.5% 100% Construction materials 100% 100% Construction materials 100% Construction materials 100% Construction materials 100% Construction materials 100% Construction materials Fertilisers and sodium tripolyphosphate 73% 50% Construction materials 60% Construction materials 100% Construction materials 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 99.9% 100% 91.4% 80% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 73% 50% – – South Africa/Chile/Canada South Africa South Africa South Africa Luxembourg South Africa Luxembourg Poland South Africa Austria Steel, engineering works and forged grinding media Steel, vanadium and ferroalloys Iron ore Sugar, starch and aluminium Business paper Business paper Packaging Packaging Packaging Paper merchanting 100% 100% 29.2% 64.1% 50.3% 100% 100% 100% 71% 55% 90% 79.0% – 51.6% 100% 100% 100% 71% 55% 90% (1) The proportion of voting rights of subsidiaries held by the Group is the same as the proportion of equity owned, unless stated below. (2) A division of Anglo Operations Limited, a wholly owned subsidiary. (3) Highveld Steel and Vanadium continues to be consolidated in the Group due to an additional 24.9% of the voting rights that Anglo American plc controls through shares held by Credit Suisse. (4) During 2006 Kumba Iron Ore Limited was unbundled from Kumba Resources Limited (subsequently renamed Exxaro), which is now held as a ﬁ nancial asset investment. (5) Shareholding is shown on the basis that the commitments for employee share ownership in Mondi Packaging South Africa are ﬁ nalised. (6) Consolidated at 100% as the Group has a contractual agreement with the shareholder for the remaining 10%. Anglo American plc Annual Report 2006 | 123 ANGLO AMERICAN plc ANNUAL REPORT 2006 Notes to the ﬁ nancial statements continued 38. Group companies continued Joint ventures Aylesford Newsprint Holdings Limited Compania Minera Dona Ines de Collahuasi SCM Mondi Shanduka Newsprint (Pty) Ltd(8) United Marine Holdings Ltd AI Futtain Tarmac Quarry Products Limited Associates DB Investments SA AngloGold Ashanti Limited Queensland Coal Mine Management (Pty) Ltd Cerrejón Zona Norte SA Carbones del Cerrejón LLC Carbones del Guasare SA Samancor Holdings (Pty) Ltd(9) Groote Eylandt Mining Company (Pty) Ltd (Gemco) Tasmanian Electro Metallurgical Company (Pty) Ltd (Temco) Bischof + Klein GmbH (7) All equity interests shown are ordinary shares. Country of incorporation Business Percentage of equity owned(7) 2006 2005 UK Chile South Africa UK Dubai Luxembourg South Africa Australia Colombia Anguilla Venezuela South Africa Australia Australia Germany Newsprint Copper Newsprint Construction materials Construction materials Diamonds Gold Coal Coal Coal Coal Manganese Manganese Manganese Packaging 50% 44% 50% 50% 49% 45% 41.7% 33.3% 33.3% 33.3% 24.9% 40% 40% 40% 40% 50% 44% 50% 50% 49% 45% 50.9% 33.3% 33.3% 33.3% 24.9% 40% 40% 40% 40% Percentage owned 2006 2005 88% 88% 70% 51% 88% 88% 70% 51% (8) Shareholding is shown on the basis that the commitments for employee share ownership in Mondi Shanduka Newsprint are ﬁ nalised. (9) This entity has a 30 June year end. Proportionately consolidated jointly controlled operations(10)(11) Drayton Moranbah North German Creek Dawson Location Business Australia Australia Australia Australia Coal Coal Coal Coal (10) The wholly owned subsidiary Anglo Coal Holdings Australia Limited holds the proportionately consolidated jointly controlled operations. (11) Dartbrook ceased to be a signiﬁ cant joint venture in the year. 39. Events occurring after end of year On 18 January 2007, Exxaro (formerly the non-iron ore operations of Kumba Resources) exercised its option (included in the original Kumba restructuring agreement effected on 28 November 2006, refer to note 32) to acquire 100% of Namakwa Sands as well as a 26% interest in each of Black Mountain and Gamsberg. Sale proceeds include a base price of $314 million (ZAR 2,195 million) as well as adjustments for working capital, exploration expenditure, capital expenditure and tax recoupments. The sale is contingent on conversion of old order mining rights. On 8 February 2007, Anglo Coal announced the creation of Anglo Inyosi Coal, an empowered coal company housing key future domestic and export focused coal operations. Anglo Coal has signed a Heads of Agreement (HoA) with Inyosi, a newly formed broad based BEE company through which Inyosi will acquire 27% of Anglo Inyosi Coal. This will create a company valued at ZAR 7 billion incorporating several key Anglo Coal assets, namely the existing Kriel colliery and the greenﬁ eld projects of Elders, Zondagsfontein, New Largo and Heidelberg. Anglo Coal South Africa will retain the following collieries: Greenside, Goedehoop, Isibonelo, Kleinkopje, Landau, New Denmark, New Vaal and Mafube, a 50:50 joint venture with Eyesizwe. Anglo American will own 73% of Anglo Inyosi Coal. With the exception of the above and the proposed ﬁ nal dividend for 2006, disclosed in note 10, there have been no material reportable events since 31 December 2006. 124 | Anglo American plc Annual Report 2006 40. Financial statements of the parent company a) Balance sheet of the Company, Anglo American plc US$ million Fixed assets Fixed asset investments Current assets Amounts due from subsidiaries Prepayments and other debtors Cash at bank and in hand Creditors due within one year Cash held on behalf of subsidiaries Amounts owed to subsidiaries Other creditors Net current liabilities Total assets less current liabilities Long term liabilities Convertible bond Deferred tax liabilities Net assets Capital and reserves Called-up share capital Share premium account Capital redemption reserve Other reserves Share-based payment reserve Convertible debt reserve Proﬁ t and loss account Total shareholders’ funds (equity) The ﬁ nancial statements were approved by the Board of directors on 20 February 2007. Tony Trahar Chief executive René Médori Finance director Note 40c 40b 40b 40b 40b 40b 40b 40b 2006 2005 12,875 12,875 630 124 2 756 337 158 33 528 (70) (3,946) (4) (37) (3,534) (9) (4,020) (3,580) (3,264) (3,052) 9,611 9,823 – – 9,611 771 2,713 82 1,955 15 – 4,075 9,611 (1,058) (11) 8,754 747 1,637 82 1,955 9 131 4,193 8,754 Anglo American plc Annual Report 2006 | 125 ANGLO AMERICAN plc ANNUAL REPORT 2006 Notes to the ﬁ nancial statements continued 40. Financial statements of the parent company continued b) Reconciliation of movements in equity shareholders’ funds US$ million Balance at 1 January 2005 Proﬁ t for the ﬁ nancial year Issue of treasury shares under employee share schemes Share-based payments Shares issued Transfers Dividends paid(2) Balance at 1 January 2006 Pro it for the ﬁ nancial year Issue of treasury shares under employee share schemes Share-based payments Shares issued and reclassiﬁ cation on conversion of bond Convertible debt reserve transfer to retained earnings Deferred tax recognised in reserves Share buybacks Dividends paid(2) Balance at 31 December 2006 Called-up share capital Share premium account Capital redemption reserve Other reserves Share-based payment reserve Convertible debt reserve 747 – 1,633 – – – – – – 747 – – – – – 4 – – 1,637 – – – 24 1,076 – – – – – – – – 82 – – – – – – 82 – – – – – – – – 1,955 – – – – – – 1,955 – – – – – – – – 4 – – 5 – – – 9 – – 6 – – – – – 128 – – – – 3 – 131 – – – (32) (109) 10 – – Proﬁ t and loss account(1) 906 3,720 240 – – (3) (670) 4,193 3,511 265 – Total 5,455 3,720 240 5 4 – (670) 8,754 3,511 265 6 – 1,068 109 (2) (2,010) (1,991) – 8 (2,010) (1,991) 9,611 771 2,713 82 1,955 15 – 4,075 (1) At 31 December 2006, $358 million (2005: $316 million) of the Company proﬁ t and loss account of $4,075 million (2005: $4,193 million) was not distributable under the Companies Act 1985. (2) Dividends paid relate only to shareholders on the United Kingdom principal register excluding dividends waived by Greenwood Nominees Limited as nominees for Butterﬁ eld Trust (Guernsey) Limited, the trustee for the Anglo American employee share scheme. Dividends paid to shareholders on the Johannesburg branch register are distributed by a South African subsidiary in accordance with the terms of the Dividend Access Share Provisions of Anglo American plc’s articles of association. The audit fee in respect of the parent company was $28,000 (2005: $27,000). c) Fixed asset investments US$ million Cost At 1 January Acquisitions Disposals Transfer of long term loans to amounts due from subsidiaries At 31 December Provisions for impairment At 1 January Charge for the year At 31 December Net book value At 31 December 2006 Investments in subsidiaries’ equity 2005 Investments in subsidiaries’ equity 12,883 – – – 12,883 (8) – (8) 12,459 1,408 (885) (99) 12,883 (8) – (8) 12,875 12,875 126 | Anglo American plc Annual Report 2006 Investments Investments represent equity holdings in subsidiaries, joint ventures and associates and are held at cost. Convertible debt Convertible bonds denominated in the functional currency of the entity issuing the shares are regarded as compound instruments, consisting of a liability and an equity component. At the date of issue, the fair value of the liability component is estimated using the prevailing market interest rate for similar non-convertible debt and is recorded within borrowings. The difference between the proceeds of issue of the convertible bond and the fair value assigned to the liability component, representing the embedded option to convert the liability into equity of the Company, is included in equity. Issue costs are apportioned between the liability and equity components of the convertible bonds where appropriate based on their relative carrying amounts at the date of issue. The portion relating to the equity component is charged directly against equity. The interest expense on the liability component is calculated by applying the effective interest rate for similar non-convertible debt to the liability component of the instrument. The difference between this amount and the interest paid is added to the carrying amount of the convertible bond. Bank borrowings Interest bearing bank loans and overdrafts are recorded at the proceeds received, net of direct transaction costs. Finance charges, including premiums payable on settlement or redemption and direct issue costs, are accounted for on an accruals basis and charged to the income statement using the effective interest method and are added to the carrying amount of the instrument to the extent that they are not settled in the period in which they arise. d) Accounting policies: Anglo American plc, the Company The Anglo American plc (the Company) balance sheet and related notes have been prepared in accordance with United Kingdom Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (UK GAAP) and in accordance with UK company law. The ﬁ nancial information has been prepared on a historical cost basis as modiﬁ ed by the revaluation of certain ﬁ nancial instruments. A summary of the principal accounting policies is set out below. The preparation of ﬁ nancial statements in accordance with UK GAAP requires the use of estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities at the date of the ﬁ nancial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the period. Although these estimates are based on management’s best knowledge of the amount, event or actions, following implementation of these standards, actual results may differ from those estimated. As permitted by section 230 of the Companies Act, the proﬁ t and loss account of the Company is not presented as part of these ﬁ nancial statements. The proﬁ t after tax for the year of the Company amounted to $3,511 million (2005: $3,720 million). Signiﬁ cant accounting policies Retirement beneﬁ ts The Company operates both deﬁ ned beneﬁ t and deﬁ ned contribution schemes for its employees as well as post retirement medical plans. As the Company has elected to take advantage of the exemption included in FRS 17 Retirement Beneﬁ ts in respect of multi-employer deﬁ ned beneﬁ t pension schemes, these schemes are accounted for as though they were deﬁ ned contribution schemes. For deﬁ ned contribution schemes the amount charged to the income statement is the contributions paid or payable during the year. Deferred taxation Deferred taxation is provided in full on all timing differences that result in an obligation at the balance sheet date to pay more tax, or a right to pay less tax, at a future date, subject to the recoverability of deferred tax assets. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are not discounted. Share-based payments The Company has applied the requirements of FRS 20 Share-based Payment. In accordance with the transitional provisions, FRS 20 has been applied to all grants of equity instruments after 7 November 2002 that had not vested as at 1 January 2005. The Company makes equity settled share-based payments to the directors, which are measured at fair value at the date of grant. For those share schemes which do not include non-market vesting conditions, the fair value is determined using the Monte Carlo method at the grant date and expensed on a straight line basis over the vesting period, based on the Company’s estimate of shares that will eventually vest. The fair value of share options issued with non-market vesting conditions has been calculated using the Black Scholes model. For all other share awards, the fair value is determined by reference to the market value of the share at the date of grant. For all share schemes with non-market related vesting conditions, the likelihood of vesting has been taken into account when determining the associated charge. Vesting assumptions are reviewed during each reporting period to ensure they reﬂ ect current expectations. Accounting for share-based payments is the same as under IFRS 2 and details on the schemes and option pricing models relevant to the charge included in the Company ﬁ nancial statements is set out in note 28 to the consolidated ﬁ nancial statements of the Group for the year ended 31 December 2006. Anglo American plc Annual Report 2006 | 127 ANGLO AMERICAN plc ANNUAL REPORT 2006 Ore Reserves and Mineral Resources estimates Introduction The Ore Reserve and Mineral Resource estimates presented in this report are prepared in accordance with the Anglo American plc Policy for the Reporting of Ore Reserves and Mineral Resources*. This policy requires that the Australasian Code for Reporting of Exploration Results, Mineral Resources and Ore Reserves 2004 edition (the JORC Code) be used as a minimum standard. Some AA plc subsidiaries have a primary listing in South Africa where public reporting is carried out according to the South African Code for Reporting of Mineral Resources and Mineral Reserves 2000 edition (the SAMREC Code). The SAMREC Code is similar to the JORC Code and the Ore Reserve and Mineral Resource terminology appearing in this section follows the deﬁ nitions in both the JORC (2004) and SAMREC (2000) Codes. The information on Ore Reserves and Mineral Resources was prepared by or under the supervision of Competent Persons as deﬁ ned in the JORC or SAMREC Codes. All Competent Persons have sufﬁ cient experience relevant to the style of mineralisation and type of deposit under consideration and to the activity which they are undertaking. All the Competent Persons consent to the inclusion in this report of the matters based on their information in the form and context in which it appears. The names of the Competent Persons are lodged with the Anglo American plc company secretaries in London and are available on request. Anglo American Group Companies are subject to a comprehensive programme of audits aimed at providing assurance in respect of Ore Reserve and Mineral Resource estimates. The audits are conducted by suitably qualiﬁ ed Competent Persons from within a particular division, another division of the Company or from independent consultants. The frequency and depth of the audits is a function of the risks and/or uncertainties associated with a particular Ore Reserve and Mineral Resource, the overall value thereof and time that has lapsed since an independent third party audit has been conducted. Those operations/projects subject to independent, third party audits during the year are indicated in footnotes to the tables. The JORC and SAMREC Codes require the use of reasonable economic assumptions. These include long-range commodity price forecasts which are prepared by in-house specialists largely using estimates of future supply and demand and long term economic outlooks. Ore Reserve estimates are dynamic and are inﬂ uenced by changing economic conditions, technical issues, environmental regulations and relevant new information and therefore can vary from year to year. Mineral Resource estimates also change and tend to be inﬂ uenced mostly by new information pertaining to the understanding of the deposit and secondly by the conversion to Ore Reserves. The estimates of Ore Reserves and Mineral Resources are as at 31 December 2006. Unless otherwise stated, Mineral Resources are additional to those resources which have been modiﬁ ed to produce the Ore Reserves. The ﬁ gures in the tables have been rounded and, if used to derive totals and averages, could cause minor computational differences. Ore Reserves in the context of this report have the same meaning as ‘Mineral Reserves’ as deﬁ ned by the SAMREC Code. Metric units are used throughout the report. In addition alternative units are also used for Anglo Platinum and AngloGold Ashanti. * A ‘Mineral Resource’ is a concentration or occurrence of material of intrinsic economic interest in or on the Earth’s crust in such form, quality and quantity that there are reasonable prospects for eventual economic extraction. The location, quantity, grade, geological characteristics and continuity of a Mineral Resource are known, estimated or interpreted from speciﬁ c geological evidence and knowledge. Mineral Resources are sub-divided, in order of increasing geological conﬁ dence, into Inferred, Indicated and Measured categories. An ‘Inferred Mineral Resource’ is that part of a Mineral Resource for which tonnage, grade and mineral content can be estimated with a low level of conﬁ dence. It is inferred from geological evidence and assumed but not veriﬁ ed geological and/or grade continuity. It is based on information gathered through appropriate techniques from locations such as outcrops, trenches, pits, workings and drill holes which may be limited or of uncertain quality and reliability. An ‘Indicated Mineral Resource’ is that part of a Mineral Resource for which tonnage, densities, shape, physical characteristics, grade and mineral content can be estimated with a reasonable level of conﬁ dence. It is based on exploration, sampling and testing information gathered through appropriate techniques from locations such as outcrops, trenches, pits, workings and drill holes. The locations are too widely or inappropriately spaced to conﬁ rm geological and/or grade continuity but are spaced closely enough for continuity to be assumed. A ‘Measured Mineral Resource’ is that part of a Mineral Resource for which tonnage, densities, shape, physical characteristics, grade and mineral content can be estimated with a high level of conﬁ dence. It is based on detailed and reliable exploration, sampling and testing information gathered through appropriate techniques from locations such as outcrops, trenches, pits, workings and drill holes. The locations are spaced closely enough to conﬁ rm geological and grade continuity. An ‘Ore Reserve’ is the economically mineable part of a Measured and/or Indicated Mineral Resource. It includes diluting materials and allowances for losses, which may occur when the material is mined. Appropriate assessments and studies have been carried out, and include consideration of and modiﬁ cation by realistically assumed mining, metallurgical, economic, marketing, legal, environmental, social and governmental factors. These assessments demonstrate at the time of reporting that extraction could reasonably be justiﬁ ed. Ore Reserves are sub-divided in order of increasing conﬁ dence into Probable Ore Reserves and Proved Ore Reserves. A ‘Probable Ore Reserve’ is the economically mineable part of an Indicated, and in some circumstances, a Measured Mineral Resource. It includes diluting materials and allowances for losses which may occur when the material is mined. Appropriate assessments and studies have been carried out, and include consideration of and modiﬁ cation by realistically assumed mining, metallurgical, economic, marketing, legal, environmental, social and governmental factors These assessments demonstrate at the time of reporting that extraction could reasonably be justiﬁ ed. A ‘Proved Ore Reserve’ is the economically mineable part of a Measured Mineral Resource. It includes diluting materials and allowances for losses which may occur when the material is mined. Appropriate assessments and studies have been carried out, and include consideration of and modiﬁ cation by realistically assumed mining, metallurgical, economic, marketing, legal, environmental, social and governmental factors. These assessments demonstrate at the time of reporting that extraction could reasonably be justiﬁ ed. 128 | Anglo American plc Annual Report 2006 In South Africa, the Minerals and Petroleum Resources Development Act, Number 28 of 2002 (MPRDA) was implemented on 1 May 2004, and effectively transferred custodianship of the previously privately held mineral rights to the State. Mining companies were given up to two years to apply for prospecting permit conversions and ﬁ ve years to apply for mining licence conversions for existing operations. A Prospecting Right is a new order right that is valid for up to ﬁ ve years, with the possibility of a further extension of three years, that can be obtained either by the conversion of existing old order prospecting permits or through new applications. An Exploration Right is identical to a Prospecting Right, but is commodity speciﬁ c in respect of petroleum and gas and is valid for up to three years which can be renewed for a maximum of 3 periods not exceeding two years each. A Mining Right is a new order right valid for up to 30 years obtained either by the conversion of an old order mining licence, or as a new order right pursuant to the exercise of the exclusive right of the holder of a new order Prospecting Right, or pursuant to an application for a new Mining Right. A Production Right is identical to a Mining Right, but is commodity speciﬁ c in respect of petroleum and gas. In preparing the Ore Reserve and Mineral Resource statement for South African assets, Anglo American plc has adopted the following reporting principles in respect of Prospecting Rights and Mining Rights: • • • Where applications for new order Mining Rights and Prospecting Rights have been submitted and these are still being processed by the relevant regulatory authorities, the relevant reserves and resources have been included in the statement; Where applications for the conversion of old order mining licenses to new order Mining Rights have not yet been submitted and the required deadline (typically April 2009) for submission has not passed, the relevant reserves and resources have been included in the statement; Where applications for new order Prospecting Rights have been initially refused by the regulatory authorities, but are the subject of ongoing legal process and discussions with the relevant authorities and where Anglo American plc has reasonable expectations that the Prospecting Rights will be granted in due course, the relevant resources have been included in the statement (any associated comments appear in the footnotes). Anglo American plc Annual Report 2006 | 129 ANGLO AMERICAN plc ANNUAL REPORT 2006 Ore Reserves and Mineral Resources estimates continued (stated as at 31 December 2006) Platinum The Ore Reserve and Mineral Resource estimates were compiled in accordance with the Australasian Code for Reporting of Mineral Resources and Ore Reserves (The JORC Code, 2004) as a minimum standard. Where relevant, the estimates were also prepared in compliance with regional codes and requirements (e.g. The South African Code for Reporting of Mineral Resources and Mineral Reserves, The SAMREC Code, 2000). Rounding of ﬁ gures may cause computational discrepancies. The Mineral Resources are additional to the Ore Reserves. Mineral Resources are reported over an economic and mineable resource cut appropriate to speciﬁ c ore deposits which form the basis of the consolidated reef ﬁ gures. The ﬁ gures reported represent 100% of the Mineral Resources and Ore Reserves attributable to Anglo Platinum Limited unless otherwise noted. Anglo American plc’s interest in Anglo Platinum is 75.37%. Anglo Platinum Ore Reserves Merensky Reef(4) Classiﬁ cation 2006 UG2 Reef(5) Platreef(6) All Reefs Tailings(8) Proved Probable Total Proved Probable Total Proved Proved (stockpiles) (7) Probable Total 95.5 105.9 201.4 347.2 403.5 750.7 319.6 16.4 110.8 446.9 Proved Probable 778.7 620.3 Tonnes(1) million 2005 98.6 118.7 217.3 279.5 420.8 700.3 276.9 12.4 59.1 348.3 667.4 598.6 Grade(2) g/t 2005 Contained metal tonnes 2006 2005 4E PGE 5.42 5.70 5.57 4E PGE 4.03 4.12 4.09 4E PGE 3.21 2.76 3.29 3.21 4E PGE 3.87 4.35 529.1 612.4 1,141.5 534.4 676.8 1,211.2 1,585.1 1,761.6 3,346.7 1,127.4 1,735.6 2,863.0 1,045.5 43.7 406.9 1,496.0 889.8 34.1 194.1 1,118.0 3,203.3 2,781.0 2,585.7 2,606.5 4.10 5,984.2 5,192.2 2006 4E PGE 5.54 5.78 5.67 4E PGE 4.57 4.37 4.46 4E PGE 3.27 2.66 3.67 3.35 4E PGE 4.11 4.48 4.28 Total 1,399.0 1,265.9 Total (alternative units) (3) 1,542.1Mton 1,395.5Mton 0.125oz/t 0.120oz/t Proved Probable Total – 43.6 43.6 – 48.2 48.2 4E PGE – 1.00 1.00 4E PGE – 0.98 0.98 – 43.7 43.7 – 47.2 47.2 Total (alternative units) (3) 48.1Mton 53.2Mton 0.029oz/t 0.029oz/t Contained metal million troy ounces 2006 Moz 17.0 19.7 36.7 Moz 51.0 56.6 107.6 Moz 33.6 1.4 13.1 48.1 Moz 103.0 89.4 192.4 Moz – 1.4 1.4 2005 Moz 17.2 21.8 38.9 Moz 36.2 55.8 92.0 Moz 28.6 1.1 6.2 35.9 Moz 83.1 83.8 166.9 Moz – 1.5 1.5 A Joint Venture (JV) agreement has been ﬁ nalised with the Bakgatla-Ba-Kgafela tribe affecting the Merensky and UG2 Ore Reserves of Union Section. (1) Tonnage: quoted as metric tonnes. (2) Grade: 4E PGE is the sum of platinum, palladium, rhodium and gold grades in grammes per tonne (g/t). (3) Alternative units: tonnage in million short tons (Mton) and grade in troy ounces per short ton (oz/t). (4) Merensky Reef: The 2006 exploration programme at Amandelbult Section lead to an increase in the estimate of the geological losses and a decrease in the stope width which accounts for the decrease in Probable Ore Reserves. (5) UG2 Reef: Increases are mainly due to the conversion of Mineral Resources to Ore Reserves at Twickenham Platinum Mine Project (pre-feasibility study completed) and additional drilling at both Amandelbult Section and Lebowa Platinum Mine. (6) Platreef: Geo-technical constraints imposed in 2005 at PPRust North were reviewed and revised by an independent consultant. As a result the pit was re-designed, accounting for the increase in the Ore Reserves and a subsequent decrease in Measured Mineral Resources. (7) Platreef stockpiles: These are reported separately as Proved Ore Reserves and aggregated into the summation tabulations. (8) Tailings: These are reported separately as Ore Reserves but are not aggregated in the total Ore Reserve ﬁ gures. The following operations/projects were reviewed during 2006 by an external third party consulting ﬁ rm: Ga-Phasha PGM Project, Der Brochen Project, Booysendal Project, BRPM JV (Styldrift). 130 | Anglo American plc Annual Report 2006 Anglo Platinum Mineral Resources Merensky Reef(4) Classiﬁ cation 2006 UG2 Reef(5) Platreef(6) All Reefs Tailings(7) Measured Indicated Measured and Indicated Inferred Total 96.4 248.3 344.7 1,095.9 1,440.6 Measured Indicated Measured and Indicated Inferred Total 312.3 634.3 946.6 1,321.4 2,268.0 Measured Indicated Measured and Indicated Inferred Total 158.8 791.2 950.0 1,449.4 2,399.4 Measured Indicated Measured and Indicated Inferred 567.6 1,673.8 2,241.4 3,866.7 Tonnes(1) million 2005 68.4 250.0 318.4 1,057.8 1,376.2 262.7 660.7 923.4 1,394.3 2,317.7 206.1 715.0 921.2 1,472.5 2,393.7 537.2 1,625.8 2,163.0 3,924.6 Grade(2) g/t 2005 Contained metal tonnes 2006 2005 4E PGE 5.62 5.30 5.37 5.54 5.50 4E PGE 5.48 5.45 5.46 5.41 5.43 4E PGE 2.58 2.46 2.48 1.79 2.05 4E PGE 4.38 4.11 4.18 4.09 523.0 1,337.8 1,860.7 6,010.9 7,871.6 384.7 1,326.2 1,710.9 5,863.5 7,574.4 1,725.3 3,404.9 5,130.3 7,325.5 1,438.1 3,601.6 5,039.6 7,550.2 12,455.7 12,589.8 303.2 1,757.7 2,061.0 2,643.9 4,704.9 531.2 1,757.1 2,288.3 2,629.2 4,917.5 2,551.5 6,500.5 9,052.0 15,980.3 2,354.0 6,684.9 9,038.9 16,042.9 4.12 25,032.3 25,081.8 2006 4E PGE 5.42 5.39 5.40 5.48 5.46 4E PGE 5.52 5.37 5.42 5.54 5.49 4E PGE 1.91 2.22 2.17 1.82 1.96 4E PGE 4.50 3.88 4.04 4.13 4.10 Total 6,108.1 6,087.6 Total (alternative units) (3) 6,732.9Mton 6,710.4Mton 0.120oz/t 0.120oz/t Measured Indicated Measured and Indicated Inferred Total – 152.3 152.3 – 152.3 – 161.9 161.9 – 161.9 4E PGE – 1.06 1.06 – 1.06 4E PGE – 1.05 1.05 – 1.05 – 160.9 160.9 – 160.9 – 170.2 170.2 – 170.2 Total (alternative units) (3) 167.9Mton 178.5Mton 0.031oz/t 0.031oz/t Contained metal million troy ounces 2006 Moz 16.8 43.0 59.8 193.3 253.1 Moz 55.5 109.5 164.9 235.5 400.5 Moz 9.7 56.5 66.3 85.0 151.3 Moz 82.0 209.0 291.0 513.8 804.8 Moz – 5.2 5.2 – 5.2 2005 Moz 12.4 42.6 55.0 188.5 243.5 Moz 46.2 115.8 162.0 242.7 404.8 Moz 17.1 56.5 73.6 84.5 158.1 Moz 75.7 214.9 290.6 515.8 806.4 Moz – 5.5 5.5 – 5.5 A new Joint Venture (JV) agreement has been ﬁ nalised with the Bakgatla-Ba-Kgafela tribe affecting the Merensky and UG2 Mineral Resources of Union Section, Rooderand 46 JQ - Portion 2 and Magazynskraal 3 JQ. (1) Tonnage: quoted as metric tonnes. (2) Grade: 4E PGE is the sum of platinum, palladium, rhodium and gold grades in grammes per tonne (g/t). (3) Alternative units: tonnage in million short tons (Mton) and grade in troy ounces per short ton (oz/t). (4) Merensky Reef: Measured Resource tonnes increase as a result of additional drilling and higher geo-scientiﬁ c conﬁ dence in the estimates at BRPM JV (Styldrift) and Modikwa JV. (5) UG2 Reef: The increase in the UG2 Measured Resource is mainly due to increased conﬁ dence in the estimates obtained through an extensive drilling programme and updated resource evaluation modelling at Rustenburg Section, Amandelbult Section, Lebowa Platinum Mine, BRPM JV and Modikwa JV. (6) Platreef: Measured Mineral Resources decrease is due to conversion to Ore Reserves at PPRust North (new pit design). Additional drilling information at Zwartfontein North identiﬁ ed structural complexities resulting in a reallocation to Indicated Resources. These decreases are offset by an increased planned pit-depth at Zwartfontein South. (7) Tailings: These are reported separately as Mineral Resources but are not aggregated in the total Mineral Resource ﬁ gures. Where applications for new order Prospecting Rights have been initially refused by the relevant authorities and are still the subject of ongoing judicial review and Anglo Platinum has a reasonable expectation that the Prospecting Rights will be granted in due course, the relevant resources have been included in the statement. Approximately 66Moz of Mineral Resources are affected. Anglo American plc Annual Report 2006 | 131 ANGLO AMERICAN plc ANNUAL REPORT 2006 Ore Reserves and Mineral Resources estimates continued (stated as at 31 December 2006) Anglo Platinum Ore Reserves Other Projects Zimbabwe Unki – Great Dyke Classiﬁ cation 2006 Proved Probable Total 5.2 43.2 48.4 Tonnes(1) million 2005 5.2 43.2 48.4 2006 4E PGE 3.60 3.81 3.78 Grade(2) g/t 2005 4E PGE 3.81 3.81 3.81 Contained metal tonnes Contained metal million troy ounces 2006 2005 2006 2005 18.8 164.5 183.3 19.9 164.5 184.4 Moz 0.6 5.3 5.9 Moz 0.6 5.3 5.9 Total (alternative units) (3) 53.4Mton 53.4Mton 0.110oz/t 0.111oz/t Anglo Platinum Mineral Resources Other Projects Zimbabwe Classiﬁ cation 2006 Unki – Great Dyke Measured Indicated Measured and Indicated Inferred 7.9 11.7 19.5 98.7 Tonnes(1) million 2005 7.9 11.7 19.5 98.7 Total 118.2 118.2 Grade(2) g/t 2005 4E PGE 4.08 4.28 4.20 4.29 4.28 2006 4E PGE 4.08 4.28 4.20 4.29 4.28 Total (alternative units) (3) 130.3Mton 130.3Mton 0.125oz/t 0.125oz/t South Africa Anooraq – Anglo Platinum JV(4) Platreef Measured Indicated Measured and Indicated Inferred – 88.3 88.3 52.0 – 88.3 88.3 52.0 Total 140.4 140.4 3E PGE 3E PGE – 1.35 1.35 1.23 1.31 – 1.35 1.35 1.23 1.31 Total (alternative units) (3) 154.7Mton 154.7Mton 0.038oz/t 0.038oz/t Sheba’s Ridge(5) Measured Indicated Measured and Indicated Inferred Total 143.1 109.6 252.7 18.7 271.4 143.1 109.6 252.7 18.7 271.4 3E PGE 0.74 0.80 0.77 0.71 0.77 3E PGE 0.74 0.80 0.77 0.71 0.77 Total (alternative units) (3) 299.1Mton 299.1Mton 0.022oz/t 0.022oz/t Canada River Valley(6) Measured Indicated Measured and Indicated Inferred Total 4.3 11.0 15.3 1.2 16.5 4.3 11.0 15.3 1.2 16.5 3E PGE 1.79 1.20 1.37 1.24 1.36 3E PGE 1.79 1.20 1.37 1.24 1.36 Total (alternative units) (3) 18.2Mton 18.2Mton 0.040oz/t 0.040oz/t Brazil Pedra Branca(7) Measured Indicated Measured and Indicated Inferred Total – – – 6.6 6.6 – – – 6.5 6.5 3E PGE – – – 2.27 2.27 3E PGE – – – 2.27 2.27 Total (alternative units) (3) 7.3Mton 7.2Mton 0.066oz/t 0.066oz/t Contained metal tonnes 2006 2005 32.1 49.9 82.1 423.5 505.6 – 119.3 119.3 64.0 183.3 106.3 88.1 194.4 13.3 207.7 7.6 13.3 20.9 1.5 22.4 – – – 15.0 15.0 32.1 49.9 82.1 423.5 505.6 – 119.2 119.2 64.0 183.3 106.3 88.1 194.4 13.3 207.7 7.6 13.3 20.9 1.5 22.4 – – – 14.7 14.7 Contained metal million troy ounces 2006 Moz 1.0 1.6 2.6 13.6 16.3 Moz – 3.8 3.8 2.1 5.9 Moz 3.4 2.8 6.3 0.4 6.7 Moz 0.2 0.4 0.7 0.0 0.7 Moz – – – 0.5 0.5 2005 Moz 1.0 1.6 2.6 13.6 16.3 Moz – 3.8 3.8 2.1 5.9 Moz 3.4 2.8 6.3 0.4 6.7 Moz 0.2 0.4 0.7 0.0 0.7 Moz – – – 0.5 0.5 132 | Anglo American plc Annual Report 2006 Platinum continued (1) Tonnage: quoted as metric tonnes. (2) Grade: 4E PGE is the sum of platinum, palladium, rhodium and gold grades in grammes per tonne (g/t). 3E PGE is the sum of platinum, palladium and gold grades in grammes per tonne (g/t). (3) Alternative units: tonnage in million short tons (Mton) and grade in troy ounces per short ton (oz/t). (4) Anooraq-Anglo Platinum JV: Anglo Platinum holds an attributable interest of 50%. A cut-off of US$20 gross metal value per tonne was applied. (5) Sheba’s Ridge: Anglo Platinum holds an attributable interest of 35%. A cut-off of US$10.5 per tonne total revenue contribution from the constituent metals was applied. (6) River Valley: Anglo Platinum holds an attributable interest of 50%. A cut-off of 0.7 g/t (platinum + palladium) was applied. (7) Pedra Branca: Anglo Platinum holds an attributable right of 51%. A cut-off of 0.7 g/t (3E) was applied. Anglo American plc Annual Report 2006 | 133 ANGLO AMERICAN plc ANNUAL REPORT 2006 Ore Reserves and Mineral Resources estimates continued (stated as at 31 December 2006) Gold The Ore Reserve and Mineral Resource estimates were compiled in accordance with the Australasian Code for Reporting of Mineral Resources and Ore Reserves (The JORC Code, 2004) as a minimum standard. Where relevant, the estimates were also prepared in compliance with regional codes and requirements (e.g. The South African Code for Reporting of Mineral Resources and Mineral Reserves, The SAMREC Code, 2000). Rounding of ﬁ gures may cause computational discrepancies. AngloGold Ashanti reports Mineral Resources ‘as inclusive of those Mineral Resources modiﬁ ed to produce the Ore Reserve’ (JORC), i.e. the Ore Reserves are included in the Mineral Resource ﬁ gures. The ﬁ gures reported represent 100% of the Mineral Resources and Ore Reserves attributable to AngloGold Ashanti. Anglo American plc’s interest in AngloGold Ashanti is 41.67%. AngloGold Ashanti Ore Reserves South Africa Argentina(3) Australia(4) Brazil Ghana Guinea Mali(5) Namibia(6) Tanzania USA(7) Total Classiﬁ cation 2006 Proved Probable Total Proved Probable Total Proved Probable Total Proved Probable Total Proved Probable Total Proved Probable Total Proved Probable Total Proved Probable Total Proved Probable Total Proved Probable Total Proved Probable Total 15.5 181.6 197.2 0.9 6.9 7.7 54.9 133.2 188.0 3.7 10.3 14.0 50.8 74.5 125.3 18.2 52.7 70.9 15.7 20.8 36.4 5.3 10.1 15.5 4.0 74.9 79.0 93.4 35.6 129.0 262.4 600.6 863.0 Tonnes(1) million 2005 14.5 188.7 203.2 1.6 4.5 6.0 47.7 102.5 150.2 2.7 9.8 12.5 39.5 46.7 86.1 23.6 36.7 60.3 9.7 9.3 18.9 1.2 8.9 10.1 22.1 40.4 62.4 87.4 31.8 119.1 249.8 479.2 729.0 2006 7.86 3.99 4.29 7.09 6.22 6.32 1.18 1.02 1.06 5.60 7.40 6.92 2.13 3.10 2.71 0.60 0.85 0.79 1.79 2.85 2.39 1.08 1.63 1.44 0.97 3.47 3.34 0.93 0.91 0.93 1.74 2.70 2.41 Grade g/t 2005 7.54 3.84 4.10 7.99 6.53 6.91 1.16 1.17 1.17 6.01 7.45 7.14 1.94 5.44 3.84 0.62 1.00 0.85 2.75 3.95 3.34 1.85 1.65 1.67 3.40 4.69 4.23 0.86 0.86 0.86 1.86 3.14 2.70 Contained metal tonnes Contained metal million troy ounces(2) 2006 122.0 724.7 846.7 6.1 42.7 48.8 64.7 135.4 200.1 20.8 76.3 97.1 108.2 231.3 339.5 10.8 45.0 55.8 28.0 59.1 87.1 5.8 16.5 22.3 3.9 259.6 263.5 87.0 32.5 119.5 2005 109.0 725.0 834.0 12.6 29.2 41.8 55.2 120.2 175.3 16.2 73.2 89.4 76.7 254.0 330.7 14.5 36.6 51.1 26.5 36.5 63.1 2.2 14.7 16.9 75.1 189.2 264.3 75.4 27.4 102.7 457.3 1,623.1 463.4 1,506.0 2,080.4 1,969.4 2006 3.9 23.3 27.2 0.2 1.4 1.6 2.1 4.4 6.4 0.7 2.5 3.1 3.5 7.4 10.9 0.3 1.4 1.8 0.9 1.9 2.8 0.2 0.5 0.7 0.1 8.3 8.5 2.8 1.0 3.8 14.7 52.2 66.9 2005 3.5 23.3 26.8 0.4 0.9 1.3 1.8 3.9 5.6 0.5 2.4 2.9 2.5 8.2 10.6 0.5 1.2 1.6 0.9 1.2 2.0 0.1 0.5 0.5 2.4 6.1 8.5 2.4 0.9 3.3 14.9 48.4 63.3 Total (alternative units) (2) 951.3Mton 803.6Mton 0.070oz/t 0.079oz/t (1) Tonnage: quoted as metric tonnes. (2) Alternative units: tonnage in million short tons (Mton), grade in troy ounces per short ton (oz/t) and contained metal in million troy ounces (Moz). (3) Argentina: Cerro Vanguardia – increase in Moz due to a successful exploration programme and increased gold price. (4) Australia: Boddington – increase in Moz due to a successful exploration programme resulting in an upgrade of Inferred Mineral Resources in the pit as well as increased gold and copper prices, Sunrise Dam – increase in Moz due to the inclusion of North-Wall Cutback and Cosmo Ore-bodies as a result of an increased gold price. (5) Mali: Sadiola – increase in Moz due to the inclusion of the Deep Sulphide Project, Yatela – increase in Moz due to the inclusion of an additional cutback, Morila – increase in Moz as marginal ore is now economic due to the increased gold price. (6) Namibia: Navachab – increase in Moz as marginal ore is now economic and the pit is larger due to the increased gold price. (7) USA: Cripple Creek and Victor – increase in Moz due to a planned extension of life. 134 | Anglo American plc Annual Report 2006 Gold continued AngloGold Ashanti Mineral Resources South Africa Argentina(3) Australia(4) Brazil Ghana(8) Guinea(9) Mali(10) Namibia(11) Tanzania(12) USA Total Classiﬁ cation 2006 Measured Indicated Inferred Total Measured Indicated Inferred Total Measured Indicated Inferred Total Measured Indicated Inferred Total Measured Indicated Inferred Total Measured Indicated Inferred Total Measured Indicated Inferred Total Measured Indicated Inferred Total Measured Indicated Inferred Total Measured Indicated Inferred Total Measured Indicated Inferred 27.3 528.5 28.4 584.2 11.4 17.5 10.4 39.2 71.2 213.9 233.3 518.4 8.6 18.5 25.7 52.8 82.1 93.3 43.9 219.3 18.7 74.1 131.4 224.1 18.8 23.4 16.7 59.0 11.4 53.8 33.7 98.9 4.0 114.2 24.3 142.5 180.3 95.7 14.1 290.0 433.7 1,232.8 561.9 Tonnes(1) million 2005 31.4 435.3 29.7 496.4 10.8 15.3 6.5 32.6 62.4 164.5 143.0 369.9 8.2 16.2 28.5 52.9 101.2 64.9 41.9 208.0 23.6 58.7 90.4 172.7 17.3 32.5 36.0 85.8 10.3 27.9 6.0 44.2 25.8 63.0 7.5 96.2 146.0 72.9 8.2 227.2 437.1 951.1 397.8 Total 2,228.5 1,786.0 Grade g/t 2005 13.66 4.76 6.68 5.44 Contained metal tonnes 2006 2005 381.0 2,054.4 160.7 2,596.1 429.4 2,073.9 198.3 2,701.6 2.35 3.54 3.49 3.14 1.15 1.04 1.01 1.05 6.60 7.71 7.04 7.18 3.33 4.83 5.82 4.30 0.62 1.03 0.63 0.77 2.02 2.58 1.93 2.19 0.88 1.42 1.20 1.26 3.40 4.56 5.23 4.30 0.95 0.91 0.73 0.93 2.75 3.44 2.49 3.06 26.7 56.6 31.4 114.7 76.6 186.3 170.3 433.2 52.7 136.3 182.9 371.9 295.7 445.4 284.2 1,025.3 11.2 61.5 86.4 159.1 35.7 65.6 41.5 142.8 9.3 69.1 38.9 117.3 3.9 379.2 75.2 458.3 148.3 71.5 8.3 228.1 25.2 54.2 22.7 102.2 71.9 171.5 144.7 388.1 54.0 125.0 200.7 379.8 336.6 313.7 244.0 894.4 14.7 60.3 57.2 132.3 35.1 83.7 69.6 188.3 9.1 39.5 7.1 55.8 87.7 287.1 39.1 413.9 138.2 66.1 6.0 210.3 1,041.1 3,525.9 1,079.8 1,202.0 3,275.1 989.5 5,646.8 5,466.6 Contained metal million troy ounces(2) 2006 12.2 66.1 5.2 83.5 0.9 1.8 1.0 3.7 2.5 6.0 5.5 13.9 1.7 4.4 5.9 12.0 9.5 14.3 9.1 33.0 0.4 2.0 2.8 5.1 1.1 2.1 1.3 4.6 0.3 2.2 1.3 3.8 0.1 12.2 2.4 14.7 4.8 2.3 0.3 7.3 33.5 113.4 34.7 181.6 2005 13.8 66.7 6.4 86.9 0.8 1.7 0.7 3.3 2.3 5.5 4.7 12.5 1.7 4.0 6.5 12.2 10.8 10.1 7.8 28.8 0.5 1.9 1.8 4.3 1.1 2.7 2.2 6.1 0.3 1.3 0.2 1.8 2.8 9.2 1.3 13.3 4.4 2.1 0.2 6.8 38.6 105.3 31.8 175.7 2006 13.97 3.89 5.66 4.44 2.35 3.24 3.03 2.92 1.08 0.87 0.73 0.84 6.16 7.35 7.11 7.04 3.60 4.77 6.47 4.67 0.60 0.83 0.66 0.71 1.90 2.80 2.48 2.42 0.81 1.29 1.16 1.19 0.97 3.32 3.09 3.22 0.82 0.75 0.59 0.79 2.40 2.86 1.92 2.53 Total (alternative units) (2) 2,456.4Mton 1,968.7Mton 0.074oz/t 0.089oz/t (8) Ghana: Obuasi – increase in Moz due to exploration and changes in estimation methodology below 50 level area. (9) Guinea: Siguiri – increase mainly in Inferred Mineral Resources due to successful exploration and increased gold price. (10) Mali: Sadiola – decrease in Moz due to a change in modelling methodology when compared to the 2005 Mineral Resource. (11) Namibia: Navachab – increase in Moz due to successful exploration and increased gold price. (12) Tanzania: Geita – increase in Moz due to updated Mineral Resource Models, successful exploration and increased gold price. In accordance with its external Audit policy it is AngloGold Ashanti’s intention to audit the 2006 Mineral Resources and Ore Reserves for the following operations early in 2007: Geita, Morila, Sadiola, Yatela, AGA Minceraçäo (Cuiaba only), Cripple Creek and Victor, Obuasi. An external audit of the 2006 Mineral Resources and Ore Reserves at Mponeng was completed in October 2006. Anglo American plc Annual Report 2006 | 135 ANGLO AMERICAN plc ANNUAL REPORT 2006 Ore Reserves and Mineral Resources estimates continued (stated as at 31 December 2006) Coal The Coal Reserve and Coal Resource estimates were compiled in accordance with the Australasian Code for Reporting of Mineral Resources and Ore Reserves (The JORC Code, 2004) as a minimum standard. Where relevant, the estimates were also prepared in compliance with regional codes and requirements (e.g. The South African Code for Reporting of Mineral Resources and Mineral Reserves, The SAMREC Code, 2000). Rounding of ﬁ gures may cause computational discrepancies. The Coal Resources are additional to those resources which have been modiﬁ ed to produce the Coal Reserves. Anglo Coal Coal Reserves(1) Export Metallurgical Australia South Africa Export Thermal Australia Colombia South Africa Venezuela Total Export Domestic Power Generation Australia South Africa Domestic Synfuels South Africa Total Domestic Total Coal Reserves Reported(2) Attributable(2) % % Classiﬁ cation 100 68.1 100 100 100 63.6 33.3 33.3 97.6 97.6 24.9 24.9 100 100 100 100 100 100 Proved Probable Total Proved Probable Total Proved Probable Total Proved Probable Total Proved Probable Total Proved Probable Total Proved Probable Total Proved Probable Total Proved Probable Total Proved Probable Total Proved Probable Total Proved Probable Total Tonnes million(3) 2005 ROM(1) 381 252 633 5 3 8 152 70 222 239 75 314 204 246 450 39 – 39 2006 ROM(1) 387 224 611 5 2 7 129 29 158 208 65 272 187 283 470 37 – 37 951 603 1,555 1,020 646 1,666 211 32 243 551 194 745 99 – 99 861 226 1,087 1,813 829 2,642 221 32 253 554 270 824 106 – 106 882 302 1,184 1,902 948 2,850 Saleable Saleable Yield(4) Heat content(5) % 2006 77 69 74 61 61 61 87 89 88 100 100 100 61 60 60 100 – 100 81 69 76 98 98 98 95 100 96 100 – 100 96 100 97 88 77 85 kcal/kg 2006 GAR(5) 7,410 7,130 7,310 6,530 6,470 6,510 6,440 6,430 6,440 6,130 6,220 6,150 6,210 6,190 6,200 7,120 – 7,120 6,740 6,570 6,680 4,610 4,530 4,600 4,080 4,870 4,290 5,240 – 5,240 4,350 4,820 4,450 5,510 5,970 5,640 Tonnes million(3) 2005 SALEABLE(1) 305 185 490 2006 SALEABLE(1) 311 163 474 3 1 4 115 26 141 211 66 277 114 172 287 38 – 38 3 2 5 134 59 193 241 76 317 122 141 263 40 – 40 793 428 1,221 845 463 1,308 206 32 238 537 194 730 99 – 99 842 225 1,067 1,635 654 2,288 216 31 247 538 270 808 106 – 106 860 301 1,161 1,705 764 2,469 Footnotes appear at the end of the section. Export Metallurgical refers to operations where the main product is coking coal and/or coal for pulverised coal injection (PCI), primarily for the export market. Export Thermal refers to operations that primarily produce thermal coal for the export market. Domestic Power Generation refers to operations that produce coal for, and are typically tied to power stations. Domestic Synfuels refers to operations in South Africa that produce coal for supply to Sasol for the production of synthetic fuel and chemicals. 136 | Anglo American plc Annual Report 2006 Anglo Coal Coal Resources(6) Mine Leases Export Metallurgical Australia South Africa Export Thermal Australia Colombia South Africa Venezuela Total Export Domestic Power Generation Australia South Africa Domestic Synfuels South Africa Total Domestic Total Mine Leases Reported(2) Attributable(2) % % Classiﬁ cation 100 73.7 100 100 100 82.7 33.3 33.3 96.4 96.4 24.9 24.9 100 100 100 100 100 100 Measured Indicated Measured and Indicated Inferred in Mine Plan(7) Measured Indicated Measured and Indicated Inferred in Mine Plan(7) Measured Indicated Measured and Indicated Inferred in Mine Plan(7) Measured Indicated Measured and Indicated Inferred in Mine Plan(7) Measured Indicated Measured and Indicated Inferred in Mine Plan(7) Measured Indicated Measured and Indicated Inferred in Mine Plan(7) Measured Indicated Measured and Indicated Inferred in Mine Plan(7) Measured Indicated Measured and Indicated Inferred in Mine Plan(7) Measured Indicated Measured and Indicated Inferred in Mine Plan(7) Measured Indicated Measured and Indicated Inferred in Mine Plan(7) Measured Indicated Measured and Indicated Inferred in Mine Plan(7) Tonnes(3) million 2005 MTIS(6) 171 170 341 54 9 16 25 – 47 22 69 6 68 280 348 1 303 191 494 85 – 33 33 – 2006 MTIS(6) 150 172 323 14 9 16 25 – 1 15 17 3 68 330 398 1 170 170 340 60 – 28 28 – 398 731 1,129 78 598 712 1,310 147 251 353 604 1 109 91 200 66 – 26 26 – 360 470 830 67 253 354 607 1 131 92 223 45 – 26 26 – 384 472 856 46 Footnotes appear at the end of the section. Measured Indicated Measured and Indicated Inferred in Mine Plan(7) 758 1,201 1,959 144 982 1,184 2,166 192 Heat content(5) kcal/kg 2006 GAR(5) 6,990 6,890 6,940 7,120 6,930 7,080 7,030 – 6,520 6,520 6,520 6,540 6,520 6,210 6,270 7,220 5,970 5,890 5,930 6,530 – 7,880 7,880 – 6,470 6,390 6,420 6,650 5,000 4,800 4,880 3,770 4,170 4,900 4,500 4,640 – 5,330 5,330 – 4,750 4,850 4,810 4,620 5,650 5,790 5,730 5,710 2005 GAR (5) 6,970 6,980 6,980 6,870 6,920 7,080 7,030 – 6,420 6,140 6,330 6,540 6,600 6,350 6,400 7,420 5,900 6,100 5,970 5,850 – 7,590 7,590 – 6,340 6,500 6,430 6,270 5,000 4,670 4,810 3,770 4,200 5,060 4,560 5,070 – 5,330 5,330 – 4,730 4,780 4,760 5,040 5,710 5,810 5,770 5,960 Anglo American plc Annual Report 2006 | 137 ANGLO AMERICAN plc ANNUAL REPORT 2006 Ore Reserves and Mineral Resources estimates continued (stated as at 31 December 2006) Coal continued Anglo Coal Coal Resources(6) Projects Australia China South Africa Total Projects Mine Leases and Projects Total Coal Resources Reported(2) Attributable(2) % % Classiﬁ cation 2006 100 81.0 100 60.0 100 100 Measured Indicated Measured and Indicated Measured Indicated Measured and Indicated Measured Indicated Measured and Indicated Measured Indicated Measured and Indicated MTIS(6) 489 734 1,223 110 389 499 285 1,311 1,596 883 2,435 3,318 Classiﬁ cation 2006 Tonnes(3) million 2005 MTIS(6) 370 390 760 – – – 210 2,245 2,455 580 2,635 3,215 Tonnes(3) million 2005 MTIS(6) MTIS(6) Measured Indicated Measured and Indicated Inferred in Mine Plan(7) 1,641 3,636 5,277 144 1,562 3,819 5.381 192 Heat content(5) 2006 GAR(5) 6,280 6,390 6,350 6,540 6,600 6,590 4,830 4,640 4,670 5,840 5,480 5,580 kcal/kg 2005 GAR (5) 6,310 6,500 6,410 – – – 5,080 4,430 4,490 5,860 4,740 4,940 Heat content(5) 2006 GAR(5) 5,760 5,580 5,640 5,710 kcal/kg 2005 GAR(5) 5,770 5,070 5,280 5,970 Brown Coal Resources Australia Reported(2) Attributable(2) % % 100 100 Classiﬁ cation Measured Indicated Measured and Indicated 2006 MTIS(6) 4,028 2,448 6,476 Tonnes(3) million 2005 MTIS(6) – – – Heat content(5) 2006 GAR(5) 1,820 1,790 1,810 kcal/kg 2005 GAR(5) – – – Gas The Gas Reserve estimates are compiled in accordance with the Society of Petroleum Engineers and World Petroleum Council guidelines. Anglo Coal Gas Reserves(8) Coal Bed Methane Australia Reported(2) % Attributable(2) % 100 51.0 Classiﬁ cation 2006 Proved: 1P Probable: 2P-1P Total 2P SALEABLE(8) 1,814 2,875 4,689 Volume(8) million m3 2005 SALEABLE(8) 456 724 1,180 Energy Content(8) 2006 SALEABLE(8) 68 107 175 PJ 2005 SALEABLE(8) 17 27 44 (1) Coal Reserves are quoted on a Run Of Mine (ROM) reserve tonnage basis, which represent the tonnes delivered to the plant, and on a Saleable reserve tonnage basis, which represent the product tonnes produced. (2) Reported (%) and Attributable (%) refers to 2006 only. For the 2005 Reported and Attributable ﬁ gures, please refer to the previous Annual Report. (3) Includes 100% of Coal Reserves and Coal Resources of consolidated entities and the Group’s share of joint ventures and associates where applicable. Where the Group’s share is more than 50%, then 100% of the reserves and resources are reported. The tonnage is quoted as metric tonnes and abbreviated as Mt for million tonnes. (4) Yield (%) represents the ratio of saleable reserve tonnes to ROM reserve tonnes and is quoted on a constant moisture basis or on an air dried to air dried basis. (5) The coal quality for the Coal Reserves is quoted as a weighted average of the heat content of all saleable coal products on a Gross As Received (GAR) basis. The coal quality for the Coal Resources is reported on an in situ heat content Gross As Received (GAR) basis. Coal quality parameters for the Coal Reserves for Metallurgical and Thermal Collieries meet the contractual speciﬁ cations for coking coal, PCI, metallurgical coal, steam coal and domestic coal. Coal quality parameters for the Coal Reserves for Power Generation and Synfuels Collieries meet the speciﬁ cations of the individual supply contracts. (6) Coal Resources are quoted on a Mineable Tonnage In Situ (MTIS) basis in addition to those resources which have been modiﬁ ed to produce the reported Coal Reserves. (7) Inferred in Mine Plan refers to Inferred Coal Resources that are included in the life of mine schedule of the respective Collieries but which are not reported as Coal Reserves. (8) Gas Reserves are reported in terms of saleable volume (million cubic metres) and saleable energy (Petajoules (PJ), or one thousand trillion Joules). 138 | Anglo American plc Annual Report 2006 Material changes to Run of Mine (ROM) Coal Reserves from 2005 to 2006 (excluding depletion by mining): Export Thermal – Australia: The decrease is due mainly to the closure of Dartbrook and the re-allocation of Coal Reserves to Coal Resources (55 Mt). Export Thermal – Colombia: The decrease is mainly due to a reduction in recovery extraction factors applied to the life of mine plan at Cerrejon (25 Mt). Domestic Power Generation – South Africa: The decrease is primarily due to a decrease in New Denmark extraction factors (27 Mt) and the transfer of Mafube reserves from Domestic Power Generation to Export Thermal (23 Mt). Material changes to Coal Resources (Mine Leases) from 2005 to 2006: Export Metallurgical – Australia: The decrease is attributed mainly to the exclusion of Inferred Resources in the mine plan due to change in mining layout at Dawson North (40 Mt). Export Thermal – Australia: The decrease is mainly due to the closure of Dartbrook and the transfer to Projects (69 Mt). Export Thermal – Colombia: The increase is as a result of the inclusion of Cerrejón Sur resources (50 Mt). Export Thermal – South Africa: The decrease is brought about by the rationalisation of resources in the Elders Block (52 Mt), the conversion of Coal Resources to Coal Reserves at Goedehoop (25 Mt) and at Greenside (42 Mt), the exclusion of resources as a result of a change in economic assumptions at Kleinkopje (64 Mt) and at Landau (22 Mt). This is offset by the transfer of resources at Mafube from Domestic Power Generation to Export Thermal (29 Mt). Export Thermal – Venezuela: The decrease is as a result of resource block reﬁ nement following exploration drilling at Guasare (5 Mt). Material changes to Coal Resources (Projects) from 2005 to 2006: Australia: The increase is due mainly to the inclusion of resources at Theodor South (262 Mt) and Dartbrook (222 Mt). China: The increase is the result of the JV with the Shanxi Geological Bureau and initial assessment of the Xiwan resources (499 Mt). South Africa: The decrease is attributed to: Elders: Change in cut-off parameters and resource sterilisation by wetland (80 Mt); Mafube: Transfer to Export Thermal with the approval of the Mafube Project (51 Mt); Vaalbank: Re-allocation from Indicated Coal Resources to Inferred Coal Resources due to re-evaluation of the coal quality model in line with Anglo Coal standards (744 Mt); South Rand: Inclusion of resources (18 Mt). Material changes to Brown Coal Resources from 2005 to 2006: Australia: The increase is due to the initial evaluation of the Brown Coal Resources at Monash Energy (6,476 Mt). Material changes to Gas Reserves from 2005 to 2006: Australia: The increase in Coal Bed Methane Gas Reserves is due to the acquisition of the Origin gas properties. (3,509 million m3). Impact of the Minerals and Petroleum Resources Development Act (MPRDA) on the reporting of Coal Resources and Coal Reserves in South Africa As at 31 December 2006, a total of 40.1 million tonnes of the reported Coal Resources in Projects were associated with two applications for new order Prospecting Rights that have been initially refused and are now the subject of ongoing legal process and discussions with the relevant authorities. Anglo Coal currently expects that the outcome of such review and discussions will be favourable and accordingly the relevant resources have been included in the statement. Audits Audits were carried out in 2006 on the following operations and project areas: South Africa: Isibonelo, Maccauvlei East, Elders, Vaalbank. Australia: Callide Coalﬁ elds (Boundary Hill Ext.), German Creek, Grosvenor. Anglo American plc Annual Report 2006 | 139 ANGLO AMERICAN plc ANNUAL REPORT 2006 Ore Reserves and Mineral Resources estimates continued (stated as at 31 December 2006) Base Metals The Ore Reserve and Mineral Resource estimates were compiled in accordance with the Australasian Code for Reporting of Mineral Resources and Ore Reserves (The JORC Code, 2004) as a minimum standard. Rounding of ﬁ gures may cause computational discrepancies. The Mineral Resources are additional to the Ore Reserves. The ﬁ gures reported represent 100% of the Ore Reserves and Mineral Resources, the percentage attributable to Anglo American plc is stated separately. Attributable % 100 Copper Division Ore Reserves Los Bronces (OP) Sulphide (TCu) Flotation Sulphide (TCu) Dump Leach El Soldado (OP and UG)(1) 100 Sulphide (TCu) Flotation Mantos Blancos (OP) Sulphide (ICu)(2) Flotation Oxide (ASCu)(3) Vat Leach Oxide (ASCu) Dump Leach Mantoverde (OP) Oxide (ASCu) Heap Leach Oxide (ASCu) Dump Leach 100 100 Collahuasi (OP) Oxide and Mixed (TCu)(4) Heap Leach 44.0 Sulphide (TCu) Flotation – direct feed Low Grade Sulphide (TCu) Flotation – stockpile Classiﬁ cation 2006 Proved Probable Total Proved Probable Total 581.3 190.3 771.6 583.6 553.8 1,137.4 Tonnes million 2005 588.1 194.8 782.9 569.9 567.0 1,136.9 Proved Probable Total 76.1 49.9 126.0 77.1 62.2 139.3 Proved Probable Total Proved Probable Total Proved Probable Total Proved Probable Total Proved Probable Total Proved Probable Total Proved Probable Total Proved Probable Total 8.0 24.8 32.8 1.1 28.7 29.8 0.5 8.2 8.7 56.5 10.7 67.2 32.3 11.6 43.9 14.3 16.9 31.2 3.1 17.4 20.5 0.9 17.1 18.0 0.3 7.3 7.6 56.2 9.9 66.1 35.2 11.9 47.1 16.0 19.2 35.2 193.5 1,145.8 1,339.3 – 380.5 380.5 229.3 1,154.3 1,383.6 – 385.3 385.3 Grade %Cu 2005 0.93 0.75 0.89 0.42 0.34 0.38 1.04 0.86 0.96 1.47 0.94 1.02 0.98 0.77 0.78 0.30 0.32 0.32 0.63 0.55 0.62 0.37 0.38 0.37 1.06 1.01 1.03 1.10 0.97 1.00 – 0.53 0.53 Contained metal thousand tonnes 2006 2005 5,348 1,408 6,756 2,393 1,883 4,276 796 415 1,211 90 217 307 10 160 170 1 24 25 360 63 423 120 45 165 142 164 306 5,469 1,461 6,930 2,394 1,928 4,321 802 535 1,337 46 164 209 9 132 140 1 23 24 354 54 409 130 45 175 170 194 364 2,108 11,164 13,272 – 2,003 2,003 2,525 11,248 13,773 – 2,027 2,027 2006 0.92 0.74 0.88 0.42 0.34 0.38 1.05 0.83 0.96 1.13 0.88 0.94 0.85 0.56 0.57 0.26 0.29 0.29 0.64 0.59 0.63 0.37 0.39 0.38 0.99 0.97 0.98 1.09 0.97 0.99 – 0.53 0.53 Mining method: UG = Underground, OP = Open Pit. TCu = total copper, ICu = insoluble copper (total copper less acid soluble copper), ASCu = acid soluble copper. 140 | Anglo American plc Annual Report 2006 Copper Division Mineral Resources Los Bronces (OP) Sulphide (TCu) Flotation Sulphide (TCu) Dump Leach Sulphide (ICu) Flotation Oxide (ASCu) Vat Leach Oxide (ASCu) Dump Leach Mantoverde (OP) Oxide (ASCu)(5) Heap Leach Oxide (ASCu) Dump Leach Attributable % 100 Classiﬁ cation 2006 Measured Indicated Measured and Indicated Inferred in Mine Plan Measured Indicated Measured and Indicated Inferred in Mine Plan El Soldado (OP and UG) 100 Sulphide (TCu) Flotation Measured Indicated Measured and Indicated Inferred in Mine Plan Mantos Blancos (OP) 100 Tonnes million 2005 54.0 542.1 596.1 21.6 – – – 112.3 54.8 37.8 92.6 39.9 18.6 92.7 111.3 1.3 1.0 10.3 11.3 0.8 – – – 0.7 47.8 48.2 96.0 – 1.2 1.5 2.7 – 0.1 1.8 1.9 0.5 12.3 189.1 201.5 202.2 36.3 238.8 275.0 106.9 Grade %Cu 2005 0.57 0.50 0.51 0.64 – – – 0.31 0.82 0.75 0.79 0.72 0.85 0.77 0.78 1.12 0.62 0.61 0.61 0.65 – – – 0.29 0.42 0.38 0.40 – 0.32 0.30 0.31 – 0.97 1.09 1.09 0.74 0.86 0.89 0.89 0.93 0.45 0.46 0.46 0.48 Contained metal thousand tonnes 2006 2005 584 4,411 4,995 120 308 2,711 3,018 138 – – – 218 287 363 650 101 105 595 700 29 6 72 78 11 – – – 2 197 210 407 2 4 5 9 2 1 20 21 4 – – – 347 449 284 733 287 158 714 872 15 6 63 69 5 – – – 2 201 183 384 – 4 5 8 – 1 20 20 4 105 1,680 1,785 1,878 157 1,108 1,265 510 106 1,680 1,785 1,878 162 1,110 1,272 510 2006 0.50 0.46 0.46 0.67 – – – 0.33 0.67 0.74 0.71 0.71 0.83 0.83 0.83 1.02 0.66 0.57 0.58 0.67 – – – 0.27 0.39 0.37 0.38 0.60 0.32 0.31 0.31 0.34 0.97 1.09 1.09 0.74 0.86 0.89 0.89 0.93 0.45 0.46 0.46 0.48 118.1 958.9 1,077.0 17.9 – – – 66.3 42.9 48.8 91.7 14.2 12.6 71.7 84.3 2.8 1.0 12.6 13.6 1.7 – – – 0.8 50.6 56.8 107.4 0.3 1.2 1.7 2.9 0.4 0.1 1.8 1.9 0.5 12.3 189.1 201.4 202.2 35.0 238.3 273.3 106.9 Measured Indicated Measured and Indicated Inferred in Mine Plan Measured Indicated Measured and Indicated Inferred in Mine Plan Measured Indicated Measured and Indicated Inferred in Mine Plan 100 Measured Indicated Measured and Indicated Inferred in Mine Plan Measured Indicated Measured and Indicated Inferred in Mine Plan Measured Indicated Measured and Indicated Inferred in Mine Plan Measured Indicated Measured and Indicated Inferred in Mine Plan Measured Indicated Measured and Indicated Inferred in Mine Plan Collahuasi (OP) 44.0 Oxide and Mixed (TCu) Heap Leach Sulphide (TCu) Flotation – direct feed Low Grade Sulphide (TCu) Flotation – stockpile Mining method: UG = Underground, OP = Open Pit. TCu = total copper, ICu = insoluble copper (total copper less acid soluble copper), ASCu = acid soluble copper. (1) El Soldado: Decreases are attributable to depletion, additional drilling information, changes in economic assumptions and appropriately modiﬁ ed pit design. (2) Mantos Blancos Sulphide (ICu) Flotation: Increases are attributable to a lower cut-off grade, positively affecting the resource deﬁ nition and consequently the Ore Reserves. (3) Mantos Blancos Oxide (ASCu) Vat Leach: Additional exploration, a lower cut-off and a new pit design account for the additional Ore Reserves. (4) Collahuasi Oxide and Mixed (TCu): Decreases are due to depletion. (5) Mantoverde Oxide (ASCu) Heap Leach: Gains are due to a decrease in the cut-off grade and successful exploration. The Ore Reserves and Mineral Resources of the following operations were audited during 2006 by third party, independent auditors: Los Bronces, El Soldado, Mantoverde. Anglo American plc Annual Report 2006 | 141 ANGLO AMERICAN plc ANNUAL REPORT 2006 Ore Reserves and Mineral Resources estimates continued (stated as at 31 December 2006) Base Metals continued Zinc Division Ore Reserves Black Mountain (UG) Deeps(1) Zinc Attributable % 100 Copper Lead Lisheen (UG)(2) Zinc Lead Skorpion (OP)(3) Zinc 100 100 Classiﬁ cation 2006 Tonnes million 2005 0.2 11.5 11.7 – 12.8 12.8 7.5 3.8 11.3 6.8 3.7 10.6 Proved Probable Total Proved Probable Total Proved Probable Total Proved Probable Total Proved Probable Total Proved Probable Total 7.7 5.2 13.0 8.4 6.1 14.5 2006 %Zn 2.34 3.88 3.84 %Cu 0.25 0.76 0.75 %Pb 3.27 3.92 3.91 %Zn 11.61 12.69 11.97 %Pb 2.07 1.43 1.85 %Zn 12.72 9.68 11.49 Grade 2005 %Zn – 3.79 3.79 %Cu – 0.73 0.73 %Pb – 3.90 3.90 %Zn 13.20 15.58 14.04 %Pb 2.30 1.92 2.16 %Zn 12.73 9.35 11.31 Contained metal thousand tonnes 2006 2005 6 446 452 1 88 89 8 451 459 869 487 1,356 155 55 210 – 483 483 – 93 93 – 497 497 902 583 1,485 157 72 229 982 506 1,488 1,070 570 1,640 Mining method: UG = Underground, OP = Open Pit. For the polymetallic deposits, the tonnage ﬁ gures apply to each metal. (1) Black Mountain (Deeps): Decrease is due to depletions. Reserves include 11,748 kt of silver ore at 56.21 g/t as a by product. (2) Lisheen: Decrease is due to depletions partially offset by a gain due to conversion of resources to reserves. (3) Skorpion: The decrease is primarily due to mining depletions partially offset by a gain due to new grade control information. 142 | Anglo American plc Annual Report 2006 Zinc Division Mineral Resources Black Mountain (UG) Deeps(4) Zinc Attributable % 100 Classiﬁ cation 2006 Tonnes million 2005 Measured Indicated Measured and Indicated Inferred in Mine Plan 1.8 6.1 7.8 – 1.7 4.3 6.0 – Copper Lead Swartberg(5) Zinc Copper Lead Measured Indicated Measured and Indicated Inferred in Mine Plan Measured Indicated Measured and Indicated Inferred in Mine Plan Measured Indicated Measured and Indicated Inferred in Mine Plan – 17.3 17.3 – – 17.2 17.2 – Measured Indicated Measured and Indicated Inferred in Mine Plan Measured Indicated Measured and Indicated Inferred in Mine Plan Lisheen (UG) (6) Zinc 100 Lead Measured Indicated Measured and Indicated Inferred in Mine Plan 1.0 0.6 1.6 0.5 Measured Indicated Measured and Indicated Inferred in Mine Plan Skorpion (OP) (7) Zinc 100 Measured Indicated Measured and Indicated Inferred in Mine Plan 0.0 0.2 0.2 0.8 1.4 1.0 2.4 0.9 – – – 0.3 2006 %Zn 2.00 3.59 3.23 – %Cu 0.43 0.74 0.67 – %Pb 2.22 3.74 3.40 – %Zn – 0.63 0.63 – %Cu – 0.70 0.70 – %Pb – 2.87 2.87 – %Zn 12.84 12.68 12.78 17.16 %Pb 2.38 1.55 2.08 2.84 %Zn 6.99 6.94 6.95 9.18 Grade 2005 %Zn 2.93 4.36 3.95 – %Cu 0.54 0.85 0.76 – %Pb 3.80 4.30 4.16 – %Zn – 0.62 0.62 – %Cu – 0.70 0.70 – %Pb – 2.85 2.85 – %Zn 13.80 12.11 13.09 16.56 %Pb 2.39 1.54 2.04 2.80 %Zn – – – 9.19 Contained metal thousand tonnes 2006 2005 35 218 253 – 8 45 52 – 39 227 266 – – 109 109 – – 121 121 – – 497 497 – 132 74 206 81 24 9 34 13 2 15 17 72 50 185 235 – 9 36 45 – 65 183 248 – – 107 107 – – 121 121 – – 491 491 – 194 122 317 150 34 16 49 25 – – – 31 Mining method: UG = Underground, OP = Open Pit. For the polymetallic deposits, the tonnage ﬁ gures apply to each metal. (4) Black Mountain (Deeps): Resource gain is due to new information from exploration drilling. Mineral Resources contain 7,833 kt of silver ore at 45.95 g/t as a by product. (5) Black Mountain (Swartberg): The Swartberg mine has been placed on care and maintenance from January 2007. As a result the ore reserves have accordingly been removed from the mine plan and converted to mineral resources. Mineral Resources contain 17,323 kt of silver ore at 35.00 g/t as a by product. (6) Lisheen: Mineral Resources decrease due to conversion to Ore Reserves, reclassiﬁ cation and sterilisation of ﬁ nal support pillars. (7) Skorpion: Increase due to inclusion of Measured and Indicated Resources located outside the current pit limit and changes to the method of classiﬁ cation of Inferred Resources. The Ore Reserves and Mineral Resources of the following operations were audited during 2006 by third party, independent auditors: Lisheen and Skorpion. Anglo American plc Annual Report 2006 | 143 ANGLO AMERICAN plc ANNUAL REPORT 2006 Ore Reserves and Mineral Resources estimates continued (stated as at 31 December 2006) Base Metals continued Nickel Division Ore Reserves Loma de Níquel (OP) Laterite Codemin (OP) Laterite Attributable % 91.4 100 Nickel Division Mineral Resources Loma de Níquel (OP)(1) Laterite Attributable % 91.4 Classiﬁ cation 2006 Tonnes million 2005 Proved Probable Total 11.9 22.6 34.5 12.7 23.3 36.0 Proved Probable Total 3.2 0.5 3.7 Classiﬁ cation 2006 Codemin (OP) Laterite Niobium Ore Reserves Catalão (OP) Niobium Carbonatite Measured Indicated Measured and Indicated Inferred in Mine Plan 100 Measured Indicated Measured and Indicated Inferred in Mine Plan 1.0 4.6 5.7 1.6 3.3 3.5 6.9 – Attributable % 100 Classiﬁ cation 2006 Proved Probable Total 7.0 6.8 13.8 7.0 7.6 14.6 Grade 2005 %Ni 1.52 1.46 1.48 %Ni 1.33 1.33 1.33 Grade 2005 %Ni 1.40 1.45 1.44 – %Ni 1.29 1.25 1.27 – Grade 2005 Contained metal thousand tonnes 2006 2005 180 329 509 42 7 49 193 340 533 42 7 49 Contained metal thousand tonnes 2006 2005 15 67 81 22 43 44 87 – 11 70 81 – 43 44 87 – Contained metal thousand tonnes 2006 2005 %Nb2O5 1.15 1.45 1.30 80 98 178 80 110 189 2006 %Ni 1.51 1.46 1.48 %Ni 1.33 1.33 1.33 2006 %Ni 1.41 1.44 1.44 1.38 %Ni 1.29 1.25 1.27 – 2006 %Nb2O5 1.15 1.44 1.29 3.2 0.5 3.7 Tonnes million 2005 0.8 4.8 5.6 – 3.4 3.5 6.9 – Tonnes million 2005 Mining method: OP = Open Pit. (1) Loma de Níquel: Inferred in Mine Plan not reported in 2005. 144 | Anglo American plc Annual Report 2006 Heavy Minerals Ore Reserves Namakwa Sands (OP)(1) Attributable % 100 Classiﬁ cation 2006 Tonnes million 2005 Ilmenite Zircon Rutile 79.9 268.9 348.8 168.3 168.9 337.2 Proved Probable Total Proved Probable Total Proved Probable Total Heavy Minerals Mineral Resources Namakwa Sands (OP)(2) Attributable % 100 Ilmenite Classiﬁ cation 2006 Measured Indicated Measured and Indicated Inferred in mine plan 116.5 143.6 260.1 175.7 Tonnes million 2005 177.8 106.1 283.9 181.1 Zircon Rutile Measured Indicated Measured and Indicated Inferred in mine plan Measured Indicated Measured and Indicated Inferred in mine plan 2006 %Ilm 5.0 3.7 4.0 %Zir 1.2 0.9 1.0 %Rut 0.2 0.2 0.2 2006 %Ilm 3.5 3.4 3.5 2.7 %Zir 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.6 %Rut 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.1 Grade 2005 %Ilm 4.2 3.4 3.8 %Zir 1.1 0.8 0.9 %Rut 0.2 0.2 0.2 Grade 2005 %Ilm 3.4 2.9 3.2 2.2 %Zir 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.6 %Rut 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.1 Contained metal million tonnes 2006 2005 4.0 9.9 13.9 1.0 2.5 3.5 0.2 0.5 0.7 7.1 5.8 12.9 1.8 1.4 3.2 0.4 0.3 0.7 Contained metal million tonnes 2006 2005 4.1 4.9 9.0 4.7 0.8 1.0 1.8 1.1 0.2 0.2 0.4 0.2 6.0 3.0 9.0 4.0 1.3 0.8 2.1 1.0 0.2 0.2 0.4 0.3 Mining method: OP = Open Pit. For the multi-product deposits, the tonnage ﬁ gures apply to each product. (1) Namakwa Sands: Gains are due to the conversion of resources to reserves and an increase in resources resulting from reinterpretation of the geological model based on improved assay information. (2) Namakwa Sands: Decrease due to conversion of resources to reserves and downgrading of resources to Inferred not in Mine Plan (which are not reported) partially offset by gains from reclassiﬁ cation based on new drilling and improved assay information. Anglo American plc Annual Report 2006 | 145 ANGLO AMERICAN plc ANNUAL REPORT 2006 Ore Reserves and Mineral Resources estimates continued (stated as at 31 December 2006) Base Metals continued Projects Ore Reserves Quellaveco (OP)(1) Copper Sulphide Flotation Barro Alto (OP)(2) Nickel Laterite Attributable % 80.0 100 Gamsberg (OP)(3) 100 Zinc Projects Mineral Resources Quellaveco (OP) Attributable % 80.0 Classiﬁ cation 2006 Tonnes million 2005 Proved Probable Total 250.1 688.3 938.4 250.1 688.3 938.4 Proved Probable Total 13.2 27.2 40.4 22.6 7.0 29.6 Proved Probable Total 34.4 110.3 144.7 Classiﬁ cation 2006 Grade 2005 %Cu 0.76 0.59 0.64 %Ni 1.85 1.79 1.83 %Zn 7.55 5.55 6.03 Grade 2005 %Cu 0.53 0.46 0.46 – %Ni 1.63 1.36 1.37 – Contained metal thousand tonnes 2006 2005 1,901 4,061 5,962 1,901 4,061 5,962 216 492 708 418 125 542 2,597 6,124 8,721 2,613 6,124 8,737 Contained metal thousand tonnes 2006 2005 8 813 821 – – 230 230 585 8 813 821 – 13 288 301 – 2006 %Cu 0.76 0.59 0.64 %Ni 1.64 1.81 1.75 %Zn 7.55 5.55 6.03 2006 %Cu 0.53 0.46 0.46 – %Ni – 1.36 1.36 1.56 34.6 110.3 144.9 Tonnes million 2005 1.5 176.7 178.2 – 0.8 21.2 22.0 – Copper Sulphide Flotation Barro Alto (OP)(4) Nickel Laterite Measured Indicated Measured and Indicated Inferred in Mine Plan 1.5 176.7 178.2 – 100 Measured Indicated Measured and Indicated Inferred in Mine Plan – 16.9 16.9 37.5 Mining method: OP = Open Pit. (1) Quellaveco: Based on a feasibility study completed in 2000. (2) Barro Alto: Based on a feasibility study completed in 2006. Ore Reserve gains due to conversion of existing resources to reserves based on new drilling information. Small volumes of ore from Barro Alto are currently being processed at the Codemin plant. (3) Gamsberg: Based on a feasibility study completed in 2000 and reviewed in 2006 to account for current economic and ﬁ nancial assumptions. The Mine Plan includes an additional 54,200 kt at 4.10 %Zn of Inferred Mineral Resources. (4) Barro Alto: Resource gain based on new drilling information and inclusion of Inferred in Mine Plan, which was not reported in 2005. 146 | Anglo American plc Annual Report 2006 Ferrous Metals and Industries The Ore Reserve and Mineral Resource estimates were compiled in accordance with The South African Code for Reporting of Mineral Resources and Mineral Reserves (The SAMREC Code, 2000). Rounding of ﬁ gures may cause computational discrepancies. The ﬁ gures reported represent 100% of the Ore Reserves and Mineral Resources, the percentage attributable to Anglo American plc via Kumba Iron Ore is stated separately. Mineral Resource estimates for Kumba are inclusive of those resources which have been modiﬁ ed to produce the Ore Reserve estimates. Kumba Iron Ore Iron Ore Ore Reserves Sishen Iron Ore Mine (OP)(1) Attributable % Classiﬁ cation 2006 37.3 Thabazimbi Iron Ore Mine (OP)(2) 47.5 Sishen South Iron Ore Project (OP) 47.5 Kumba Iron Ore Iron Ore Mineral Resources Sishen Iron Ore Mine (OP and UG) Open Pit(3) Attributable % 37.3 Underground(4) Thabazimbi Iron Ore Mine (OP and UG) 47.5 Open Pit(5) Underground Sishen South (OP)(6) Advanced project 47.5 Zandrivierspoort (OP) 23.7 Project Tonnes million 2005 727 294 1,021 10 4 14 101 66 167 2006 % Fe 58.1 57.2 57.9 % Fe 61.6 60.9 61.4 % Fe 65.4 64.2 65.2 Proved Probable Total 813 241 1,054 Proved Probable Total Proved Probable Total 7 2 10 134 31 166 Classiﬁ cation 2006 Measured Indicated Measured and Indicated Measured Indicated Measured and Indicated 1,398 422 1,819 115 266 381 Measured Indicated Measured and Indicated Measured Indicated Measured and Indicated Measured Indicated Measured and Indicated Measured Indicated Measured and Indicated 8 3 11 12 14 27 156 150 306 – 447 447 Grade 2005 % Fe 59.3 58.1 59.0 % Fe 61.2 60.2 60.9 % Fe 64.8 63.3 64.2 Tonnes million 2005 1,477 480 1,957 94 223 316 11 4 15 12 14 27 140 108 248 – 447 447 Saleable product million tonnes 2006 2005 567@65.8 %Fe 600@65.7 %Fe 243@64.0 %Fe 226@63.9 %Fe 793@65.3 %Fe 843@65.2 %Fe 6@64.5 %Fe 2@63.9 %Fe 8@64.3 %Fe 9@64.1% Fe 3@63.6% Fe 13@63.9% Fe 2006 %Fe 57.0 56.2 56.8 64.6 64.3 64.4 %Fe 62.1 61.4 61.9 62.2 61.8 62.0 %Fe 65.4 64.8 65.1 %Fe – 34.9 34.9 Grade 2005 %Fe 57.4 56.5 57.2 64.9 64.7 64.8 %Fe 62.1 61.6 62.0 62.1 61.3 61.7 %Fe 65.4 64.4 65.0 %Fe – 34.9 34.9 Mining method: UG = Underground, OP = Open Pit. The tonnage is quoted as metric tonnes and abbreviated as Mt for million tonnes. (1) Sishen Iron Ore Mine – DMS and jig plant: The increase in Proved Ore Reserve tonnes is the result of a new optimising programme that allowed for the blending of previously stockpiled material. The decrease in saleable product tonnes is mainly due to the reduction of ROM Reserves as a result of geological re-interpretation as well as a slight drop in plant yield brought about by the exclusion of selective mining tonnes due to changes in mine planning criteria. 17Mt Inferred Mineral Resource tonnes fall within the ﬁ nal pit layout; these are not included in the Ore Reserve ﬁ gure. (2) Thabazimbi Iron Ore Mine – within current pit layouts: Mining depletion accounts for most of the decrease along with an updated geological model, and as a result of an external review of the drill hole spacing, a portion of the reserve has been re-allocated to Inferred Resources. 4Mt Inferred Mineral Resource tonnes fall within the ﬁ nal pit layout; these are not included in the Ore Reserve ﬁ gure. (3) Sishen Iron Ore Mine – Open Pit (DMS and jig plant): Resources decrease mainly as a result of a re-interpretation of the solids model, mining depletion and stockpile growth. (4) Sishen Iron Ore Mine – Underground: Resources increase due to conglomeratic ore now being included. (5) Thabazimbi Iron Ore Mine – Open Pit: The major decrease in the resources is due to mining depletion and the re-allocation of Indicated Resources to Inferred Resources. (6) Sishen South: Advanced Project – Additional exploration drilling, an updated mineral resource model and pit design account for the increased tonnage. The Ore Reserves and Mineral Resources of the following operation was audited during 2006 by third party, independent auditors: Thabazimbi Iron Ore Mine. Anglo American plc Annual Report 2006 | 147 ANGLO AMERICAN plc ANNUAL REPORT 2006 Ore Reserves and Mineral Resources estimates continued (stated as at 31 December 2006) Ferrous Metals and Industries continued The Ore Reserve and Mineral Resource estimates were compiled in accordance with the Australasian Code for Reporting of Mineral Resources and Ore Reserves (The JORC Code, 2004) as a minimum standard. Where relevant, the estimates were also prepared in compliance with regional codes and requirements (e.g. The South African Code for Reporting of Mineral Resources and Mineral Reserves, The SAMREC Code, 2000). Rounding of ﬁ gures may cause computational discrepancies. The Manganese Mineral Resources are reported as inclusive of those Mineral Resources modiﬁ ed to produce the Ore Reserve ﬁ gures, i.e. the Ore Reserves are included in the Mineral Resource ﬁ gures. The ﬁ gures reported represent 100% of the Ore Reserves and Mineral Resources, the percentage attributable to Anglo American plc is stated separately. Manganese Ore Reserves % Hotazel Manganese Mines (OP)(1) 40.0 Mamatwan Attributable Wessels GEMCO (OP)(2) 40.0 Classiﬁ cation 2006 Proved Probable Total Proved Probable Total Proved Probable Total 42.3 6.7 49.0 2.4 11.6 14.0 55.5 36.0 91.5 Classiﬁ cation 2006 Manganese Mineral Resources % Hotazel Manganese Mines (OP)(3) 40.0 Mamatwan Attributable Measured Indicated Measured and Indicated 53.1 10.6 63.7 4.8 19.6 24.4 Wessels Measured Indicated Measured and Indicated GEMCO (OP)(4) 40.0 Measured Indicated Measured and Indicated 61.2 42.7 103.9 Vanadium Ore Reserves Highveld (OP)(5) Attributable % 29.2 Vanadium Mineral Resources Highveld (OP) Attributable % 29.2 Classiﬁ cation 2006 Proved Probable Total 19.7 3.0 22.7 Classiﬁ cation 2006 Measured Indicated Measured and Indicated – 244.0 244.0 2006 % Yield 2005 53.4 51.0 52.5 51.3 47.0 49.1 2006 % Yield 2005 42.0 38.0 40.4 42.0 38.0 38.9 Tonnes million 2005 22.4 15.0 37.4 1.9 9.3 11.2 61.7 39.6 101.2 Tonnes million 2005 29.5 21.0 50.5 3.6 20.4 24.0 63.8 50.2 113.9 Tonnes million 2005 21.9 3.1 24.9 Tonnes million 2005 – 244.0 244.0 2006 %Mn 37.6 37.2 37.5 48.0 48.0 48.0 %Mn 48.5 47.2 48.0 2006 %Mn 37.6 37.2 37.5 48.1 48.0 48.0 %Mn 48.9 47.3 48.2 2006 %V2O5 1.68 1.70 1.68 2006 %V2O5 – 1.70 1.70 Grade 2005 %Mn 37.9 37.7 37.8 48.0 48.0 48.0 %Mn 48.5 47.2 48.0 Grade 2005 %Mn 37.9 37.7 37.7 48.1 47.9 47.9 %Mn 48.3 46.9 47.0 Grade 2005 %V2O5 1.68 1.70 1.69 Grade 2005 %V2O5 – 1.70 1.70 Mining method: OP = Open Pit. Mamatwan tonnages stated as Wet Metric Tonnes. Wessels tonnages stated as Dry Metric Tonnes. (1) Hotazel Managanese Mines: The changes are due to a new improved 3D resource model which was constructed during 2006 and a change in the classiﬁ cation criteria. (2) GEMCO: The Ore Reserves reported are stated with total tonnage but report the grade values only above the nominated cut-off of 40% Mn product grade. The grade is reported using beneﬁ ciated grades, as beneﬁ ciated grades are used; in mine scheduling, quality control and blending (rather than in situ grades). Changes are due to depletion and a signiﬁ cant drop in price assumptions. (3) Hotazel Manganese Mines: The changes are due to a new improved 3D resource model which was constructed during 2006 and a change in the classiﬁ cation criteria. (4) GEMCO: The primary cause of change in the resource estimate was depletion. A second effect was a more detailed methodology in which the plan areas for resource determination were generated, explicitly excluding mined out and off lease areas. (5) Highveld: The Ore Reserve grades and tonnages are reported after crushing, washing and screening. 148 | Anglo American plc Annual Report 2006 Industrial Minerals The Ore Reserve and Mineral Resource estimates were compiled in accordance with the Australasian Code for Reporting of Mineral Resources and Ore Reserves (The JORC Code, 2004) as a minimum standard. The Mineral Resources are additional to the Ore Reserves. The ﬁ gures reported represent 100% of the Ore Reserves and Mineral Resources, the percentage attributable to Anglo American plc is stated separately. Phosphate products Ore Reserves Copebrás (OP)(1) Attributable % 73.0 Phosphate products Mineral Resources Copebrás (OP)(2) Attributable % 73.0 Classiﬁ cation 2006 Proved Probable Total 84.3 152.3 236.6 Classiﬁ cation 2006 Measured Indicated Measured and Indicated Inferred in Mine Plan 0.5 20.3 20.9 15.8 Tonnes million 2005 48.0 69.7 117.7 Tonnes million 2005 4.4 27.8 32.2 – 2006 %P2O5 13.3 13.4 13.3 2006 %P2O5 12.4 11.4 11.4 12.9 Grade 2005 %P2O5 12.9 13.6 13.3 Grade 2005 %P2O5 12.9 13.6 13.5 – (1) Copebrás: The majority of the increase is due to exploration, subsequent model update to include area FFG04 (mining permit application submitted, but not yet approved) and conversion of resources to reserves from areas 5 and Old Mine. (2) Copebrás: Decrease in Measured and Indicated Resources due to updated modelling and the conversion of resources to reserves. Inferred in Mine Plan not reported in 2005. Anglo Paper and Packaging The Mondi Group in South Africa owns and manages an attributable 269,692 (2005: 295,067) hectares of sustainable man-made forests. All of its producing forests have been certiﬁ ed by the Forestry Stewardship Council. The planned average annual harvest is currently 4.2 Mt. The reduction in hectares from 2005 to 2006 is mainly due to the sale of NECF. Anglo American plc Annual Report 2006 | 149 ANGLO AMERICAN plc ANNUAL REPORT 2006 Production statistics The ﬁ gures below include the entire output of consolidated entities and the Group’s share of joint ventures, joint arrangements and associates where applicable, except for De Beers and Collahuasi in Base Metals which are quoted on a 100% basis. 2006 2005 Anglo Platinum (troy ounces)(1)(2) Platinum Palladium Rhodium Nickel (tonnes)(3) Gold AngloGold Ashanti (gold in troy ounces)(2)(4) South Africa Argentina Australia Brazil Ghana Guinea Mali Namibia Tanzania USA De Beers (diamonds recovered – carats) 100% basis (Anglo American 45%) Debswana Namdeb De Beers Consolidated Mines Williamson Anglo Coal (tonnes) South Africa Eskom Trade – Thermal Trade – Metallurgical Australia(5) Thermal Metallurgical South America Thermal Total Anglo Coal (tonnes) South Africa Bank Greenside Goedehoop Isibonelo Kriel Kleinkopje Landau New Denmark New Vaal Nooitgedacht Mafube 2,863,900 1,563,000 331,700 4,758,600 21,700 115,400 1,506,500 128,900 260,900 193,200 359,200 146,400 318,400 51,500 187,900 164,300 3,317,200 34,293,000 2,084,800 14,568,900 189,400 51,136,100 34,821,200 22,754,000 1,768,200 59,343,400 15,258,400 9,195,600 24,454,000 11,008,900 94,806,300 477,600 2,778,100 8,534,500 4,020,100 12,318,400 3,898,400 4,102,400 5,508,500 16,275,000 711,000 719,400 59,343,400 2,502,000 1,376,700 333,500 4,212,200 20,900 119,100 2,676,000 211,000 455,000 346,000 680,000 246,000 528,000 81,000 613,000 330,000 6,166,000 31,890,000 1,774,000 15,156,000 190,000 49,010,000 34,327,900 20,281,100 2,268,800 56,877,800 15,214,800 9,390,300 24,605,100 10,066,000 91,548,900 3,202,200 2,730,000 6,298,600 1,358,300 12,030,900 4,483,500 3,682,900 4,139,400 17,100,000 794,400 1,057,600 56,877,800 (1) Includes Anglo Platinum’s share of Northam Platinum Limited: 76,700 ounces platinum, palladium and rhodium; 1,800 ounces gold; and 400 tonnes nickel (2005: 77,700 ounces platinum, palladium and rhodium; 1,600 ounces gold; and 400 tonnes nickel). (2) See the published results of Anglo Platinum Limited, Northam Limited and AngloGold Ashanti Limited for further analysis of production information. (3) Also disclosed within total attributable nickel production of Anglo Base Metals. (4) Gold production for AngloGold Ashanti reﬂ ects 100% of that company’s production to 20 April 2006 and the Group’s share of production thereafter. 100% production for AngloGold Ashanti in 2006 was 5,635,000 ounces (2005: 6,166,000 ounces). (5) 2006 and 2005 exclude Dartbrook which was closed in the year. Production for Dartbrook was 792,000 tonnes in 2006 and 1,495,500 tonnes in 2005. 150 | Anglo American plc Annual Report 2006 Anglo Coal (tonnes) (continued) Australia(1) Callide Drayton German Creek (Capcoal) Jellinbah East Moranbah Dawson Complex South America Carbones del Guasare Carbones del Cerrejón Total Anglo Base Metals Copper Collahuasi 100% basis (Anglo American 44%) Ore mined Ore processed Ore grade processed Oxide Sulphide Oxide Sulphide Production Copper concentrate Copper cathode Copper in concentrate Total copper production for Collahuasi Minera Sur Andes Los Bronces mine Ore mined Marginal ore mined Las Tortolas concentrator Ore processed Production El Soldado mine Ore mined Ore processed Ore grade processed Ore grade processed Average recovery Copper concentrate Copper cathode Copper in concentrate Total Open pit – ore mined Open pit – marginal ore mined Underground (sulphide) Total Oxide Sulphide Oxide Sulphide Production Copper concentrate Copper cathode Copper in concentrate Total 2006 2005 9,816,100 4,136,300 3,165,400 887,400 2,928,500 3,520,300 24,454,000 1,531,700 9,477,200 11,008,900 94,806,300 9,500,000 4,099,000 3,560,000 851,100 3,432,800 3,162,200 24,605,100 1,409,700 8,656,300 10,066,000 91,548,900 45,843,300 6,390,300 41,347,700 1.0 1.0 40,705,000 6,461,000 36,659,000 0.9 1.0 1,312,400 1,234,000 59,800 380,200 440,000 22,346,200 35,538,000 20,514,700 1.0 88.1 555,900 42,500 183,500 226,000 5,812,300 110,800 2,028,600 7,951,700 654,200 7,527,700 1.4 1.0 222,900 6,500 62,200 68,700 60,700 366,400 427,100 22,146,000 27,936,000 21,034,000 1.0 88.3 510,000 38,800 188,500 227,300 2,907,000 384,000 1,996,000 5,287,000 665,000 7,004,000 1.3 1.1 210,500 6,500 60,000 66,500 tonnes tonnes tonnes %Cu %Cu dmt tonnes tonnes tonnes tonnes tonnes tonnes %Cu % dmt tonnes tonnes tonnes tonnes tonnes tonnes tonnes tonnes tonnes %Cu %Cu dmt tonnes tonnes tonnes (1) 2006 and 2005 exclude production at Dartbrook which was closed in the year. Production for Dartbrook was 792,000 tonnes in 2006 and 1,495,500 tonnes in 2005. Anglo American plc Annual Report 2006 | 151 ANGLO AMERICAN plc ANNUAL REPORT 2006 Production statistics continued Anglo Base Metals (continued) Chagres Smelter Copper concentrate smelted Production Copper blister/anodes Acid Total copper production for the Minera Sur Andes group Mantos Blancos Mantos Blancos mine Ore processed Ore grade processed Production Mantoverde mine Ore processed Ore grade processed Production Black Mountain Oxide Sulphide Marginal ore mined Oxide Sulphide Marginal ore Copper concentrate Copper cathode Copper in concentrate Total Oxide Marginal ore Oxide Marginal ore Copper cathode Total Anglo Base Metals copper production Anglo Platinum Production(1) Total attributable copper production Nickel, Niobium and Mineral Sands Nickel Codemin Ore mined Ore processed Ore grade processed Production Loma de Níquel Ore mined Ore processed Ore grade processed Production Total Anglo Base Metals nickel production Anglo Platinum Production(1) Total attributable nickel production Niobium Catalão Ore mined Ore processed Ore grade processed Production (1) Includes Anglo Platinum’s share of Northam production. 152 | Anglo American plc Annual Report 2006 tonnes tonnes tonnes tonnes tonnes tonnes tonnes %Cu (soluble) %Cu (insoluble) %Cu (soluble) dmt tonnes tonnes tonnes tonnes tonnes %Cu (soluble) %Cu (soluble) tonnes tonnes tonnes tonnes tonnes tonnes tonnes %Ni tonnes tonnes tonnes %Ni tonnes tonnes tonnes tonnes tonnes tonnes Kg Nb/tonne tonnes 2006 2005 183,200 173,400 499,200 294,700 144,800 138,100 371,900 293,800 4,533,800 3,979,800 6,307,300 4,535,000 3,954,000 5,337,000 0.8 1.1 0.8 123,800 49,100 42,600 91,700 0.8 1.1 0.4 105,300 48,600 39,100 87,700 9,502,300 4,879,900 9,439,000 3,625,000 0.7 0.3 60,300 3,400 643,800 11,400 655,200 487,600 518,600 2.1 9,800 0.7 0.3 62,000 3,200 634,600 11,500 646,100 528,600 521,400 2.1 9,600 1,324,300 1,205,000 1,317,000 1,169,000 1.6 16,600 26,400 21,700 48,100 795,400 813,900 10.9 4,700 1.6 16,900 26,500 20,900 47,400 723,100 672,300 11.0 4,000 Anglo Base Metals (continued) Mineral Sands Namakwa Sands Ore mined Production Smelter production Zinc and Lead Black Mountain Ore mined Ore processed Ore grade processed Production Lisheen Ore mined Ore processed Ore grade processed Production Skorpion Ore mined Ore processed Ore grade processed Production Total attributable zinc production Total attributable lead production Ilmenite Rutile Zircon Slag tapped Iron tapped Zinc Lead Copper Zinc in concentrate Lead in concentrate Copper in concentrate Zinc Lead Zinc in concentrate Lead in concentrate Zinc Zinc 2006 2005 17,382,700 18,100,000 272,200 28,200 128,400 133,900 88,900 316,100 29,100 128,600 164,400 105,400 1,544,500 1,403,800 1,413,000 1,350,000 3.4 4.1 0.4 34,100 48,300 3,400 1,605,900 1,527,600 12.3 2.1 170,700 23,100 1,456,500 1,311,800 11.8 129,900 334,700 71,400 3.3 3.7 0.4 32,100 42,200 3,200 1,527,000 1,461,000 12.0 2.0 159,300 20,800 1,199,000 1,280,000 12.4 132,800 324,200 63,000 tonnes tonnes tonnes tonnes tonnes tonnes tonnes tonnes %Zn %Pb %Cu tonnes tonnes tonnes tonnes tonnes %Zn %Pb tonnes tonnes tonnes tonnes %Zn tonnes tonnes tonnes Anglo American plc Annual Report 2006 | 153 ANGLO AMERICAN plc ANNUAL REPORT 2006 Production statistics continued Anglo Industrial Minerals Aggregates Lime products Concrete Sodium tripolyphosphate Phosphates Anglo Ferrous Metals and Industries Kumba Iron Ore Limited (unbundled from Kumba Resources Limited)(1) Iron ore production Lump Fines Total iron ore Scaw Metals Rolled products Cast products Grinding media Highveld Steel Rolled products Continuous cast blocks Vanadium slag Samancor Manganese ore Manganese alloys Tongaat-Hulett(2) Sugar Aluminium Starch and glucose Anglo Paper and Packaging Mondi Packaging Packaging papers Corrugated board and boxes Paper bags Coating and release liners Pulp – external Mondi Business Paper Uncoated wood free paper Newsprint Pulp – external Wood chips Mondi Packaging South Africa Packaging papers Corrugated board and boxes Newsprint joint ventures Newsprint (attributable share) tonnes tonnes m3 tonnes tonnes tonnes tonnes tonnes tonnes tonnes tonnes tonnes tonnes tonnes mtu m tonnes tonnes tonnes tonnes tonnes m m2 m units m m2 tonnes tonnes tonnes tonnes bone dry tonnes tonnes m m2 tonnes 2006 2005 92,268,200 1,428,900 8,526,800 71,100 901,500 85,887,000 1,428,100 8,353,200 106,000 1,036,200 18,639,800 12,470,300 31,110,100 18,747,000 12,240,000 30,987,000 409,000 166,900 481,800 767,300 863,100 65,000 109 256,300 897,300 203,300 573,100 2,894,700 2,103 3,606 2,360 180,200 2,012,300 187,100 114,100 886,600 369,300 328 320,900 386,500 133,900 461,400 684,000 874,900 66,800 88 309,000 1,055,000 192,000 595,000 2,705,700 2,081 3,282 1,681 174,700 1,890,000 186,900 127,700 1,142,100 373,000 330 316,500 (1) 2006 and 2005 data shown above exclude production from Kumba Resources Limited (Exxaro) which ceased to be a subsidiary during the year and is now held as a ﬁ nancial asset investment. (2) Includes Hippo Valley’s production, which was acquired by a subsidiary of Tongaat-Hulett during the year. 154 | Anglo American plc Annual Report 2006 Exchange rates and commodity prices US$ exchange rates Average spot prices for the year South African rand Sterling Euro Australian dollar Chilean peso Closing spot prices South African rand Sterling Euro Australian dollar Chilean peso Commodity prices Average market prices for the year Gold Platinum Palladium Rhodium Copper Nickel Zinc Lead European eucalyptus pulp price (CIF) 2006 2005 6.77 0.54 0.80 1.33 530 7.00 0.51 0.76 1.27 533 6.37 0.55 0.80 1.31 559 6.35 0.58 0.85 1.36 512 2006 2005 604 1,142 321 4,571 305 1,095 148 58 638 445 897 201 2,056 167 668 63 44 582 US$/oz US$/oz US$/oz US$/oz US cents/lb US cents/lb US cents/lb US cents/lb US$/tonne Anglo American plc Annual Report 2006 | 155 ANGLO AMERICAN plc ANNUAL REPORT 2006 Key ﬁ nancial data US$ million (unless otherwise stated) 2006 2005 2004 US$ million (unless otherwise stated) 2003(7) 2002(7)(8) Group revenue including associates Less: share of associates’ revenue 38,637 34,472 31,938 (5,565) (5,038) (5,670) 33,072 29,434 26,268 Group revenue Operating proﬁ t including associates before special items and remeasurements 9,832 Special items and remeasurements (excluding ﬁ nancing special items and remeasurements) Net ﬁ nance costs (including remeasurements), taxation and minority interests of associates 376 (481) 6,376 4,697 (455) 933 (320) (399) Group turnover including share of joint ventures and associates Less: Share of joint ventures’ turnover Share of associates’ turnover 24,909 20,497 (1,060) (1,066) (5,212) (4,286) Group turnover – subsidiaries Operating proﬁ t before exceptional items Operating exceptional items 18,637 15,145 3,332 (81) 2,892 (286) Total operating proﬁ t Non-operating exceptional items Net interest expense 2,606 386 (319) 3,251 64 (179) Proﬁ t on ordinary activities before taxation Taxation on proﬁ t on ordinary activities Taxation on exceptional items Equity minority interests Proﬁ t for the ﬁ nancial year Underlying earnings(1) Earnings per share ($) Underlying earnings per share ($) Dividend per share (US cents) Basic number of shares outstanding (million) EBITDA(2) EBITDA interest cover(3) Operating margin (before exceptional items) Dividend cover (based on underlying earnings) Balance Sheet Intangible and tangible ﬁ xed assets Investments Working capital 2,673 3,136 (749) (1,042) (3) (528) 13 (345) 1,592 1,563 1,694 1,759 1.13 1.20 54.0 1.11 1.25 51.0 1,415 1,411 4,785 9.3 4,792 50.5 11.6% 16.3% 2.2 2.5 26,646 18,841 6,746 822 7,206 1,903 Provisions for liabilities and charges Net debt (3,954) (2,896) (8,633) (5,578) 9,727 5,601 5,231 (165) (393) (367) 9,562 5,208 4,864 (923) (2,640) (1,275) 6,922 (736) 3,933 3,941 (440) (412) 6,186 3,521 3,501 5,471 3,736 2,684 4.21 3.73 108.0 67.0 2.43 2.58 90.0 33.0 2.44 1.87 70.0 – 1,468 1,447 1,434 12,197 45.5 8,959 20.0 7,031 18.5 25.4% 18.5% 14.7% 3.5 2.9 2.7 25,632 33,368 35,816 5,375 5,375 7,819 3,719 3,715 3,246 (1,177) (1,492) (611) (5,790) (8,399) (8,339) (3,324) (4,993) (8,243) – 721 – 27,127 27,578 27,713 (2,856) (3,957) (4,588) 24,271 23,621 23,125 30,451 32,571 35,956 10,057 7,265 5,291 288 470 396 32.4% 19.2% 14.6% 38.7% 26.0% 21.2% 12.9% 17.0% 25.4% Equity minority interests (3,396) (2,304) Total shareholders’ funds (equity) Total capital(4) Net cash inﬂ ow from operating activities Dividends received from joint ventures and associates Return on capital employed(5) EBITDA/average total capital(4) Net debt to total capital(6) 19,772 15,631 31,801 23,513 3,184 3,618 426 258 10.7% 17.5% 17.3% 24.4% 32.0% 27.9% Total proﬁ t from operations and associates Net ﬁ nance costs (including special items and remeasurements) Proﬁ t before tax Income tax expense Proﬁ t for the ﬁ nancial year Minority interests Proﬁ t attributable to equity shareholders of the Company Underlying earnings(1) Earnings per share ($) Underlying earnings per share ($) Ordinary dividend per share (US cents) Special dividend per share (US cents) Weighted average number of shares outstanding (million) EBITDA(2) EBITDA interest cover(3) Operating margin (before special items and remeasurements) Ordinary dividend cover (based on underlying earnings per share) Balance Sheet Intangible and tangible assets Other non-current assets and investments Working capital Other net current liabilities Other non-current liabilities and obligations Net debt Net assets classiﬁ ed as held for sale Net assets Minority interests Equity attributable to the equity shareholders of the Company Total capital(4) Cash inﬂ ows from operations Dividends received from associates and ﬁ nancial asset investments Return on capital employed(5) EBITDA/average total capital(4) Net debt to total capital(6) Years 2004, 2005 and 2006 are prepared under IFRS. Years 2002 and 2003 are prepared under UK GAAP. (1) Underlying earnings is net proﬁ t attributable to equity shareholders, adjusted for the effect of special items and remeasurements, and any related tax and minority interests. (2) EBITDA is operating proﬁ t before special items, operating remeasurements (2002 to 2003: exceptional items), depreciation and amortisation in subsidiaries and joint ventures and share of EBITDA of associates. (3) EBITDA interest cover is EBITDA divided by net ﬁ nance costs excluding other net ﬁ nancial income, exchange gains and losses on monetary assets and liabilities, amortisation of discounts on provisions, special items and ﬁ nancial remeasurements (2002 to 2003: exceptional items), but including share of associates’ net interest expense. (4) Total capital is net assets excluding net debt. (5) Return on capital employed is calculated as total operating proﬁ t before impairments for the year divided by the average of total capital less other investments and adjusted for impairments. (6) Net debt to total capital is calculated as net debt divided by total capital less investments in associates. (7) 2002 and 2003 have been restated to reﬂ ect the adoption of UITF abstract 38 Accounting for ESOP trusts. (8) 2002 has been restated for the adoption of FRS 19 Deferred Tax. 156 | Anglo American plc Annual Report 2006 Summary by business segment US$ million Platinum Gold Diamonds Coal South Africa Australia South America Projects and corporate Base Metals Copper Collahuasi Minera Sur Andes(4) Mantos Blancos(4) Other Nickel, Niobium, Mineral Sands Catalão Codemin Loma de Níquel Namakwa Sands Zinc Black Mountain Lisheen Skorpion Other Industrial Minerals Tarmac Copebrás Ferrous Metals and Industries Kumba Highveld Steel Scaw Metals Samancor Group Tongaat-Hulett Boart Longyear Other Paper and Packaging Mondi Packaging Mondi Business Paper Other Exploration Corporate Activities 2006 5,861 1,740 3,148 3,333 1,394 1,398 541 – 6,252 4,537 1,442 2,219 876 – 799 66 219 334 180 916 148 396 372 – 4,291 4,009 282 6,519 2,259 1,023 1,233 425 1,572 – 7 7,493 4,132 2,215 1,146 – – Revenue(1) 2005 3,714 2,644 3,316 3,349 1,441 1,383 525 – 3,647 2,597 712 1,306 579 – 609 49 136 249 175 441 80 147 214 – 4,073 3,784 289 6,773 1,936 1,127 1,029 634 1,423 618 6 6,956 3,798 2,050 1,108 – – 2006 2,845 843 541 1,082 437 397 271 (23) 4,214 3,238 1,037 1,640 563 (2) 451 26 144 229 52 588 42 280 266 (63) 580 539 41 1,560 879 247 188 51 207 – (12) 923 528 297 98 (132) (259) EBITDA(2) 2005 Operating proﬁ t/(loss)(3) Underlying earnings/(loss) 2005 2006 2006 2005 1,282 2,398 871 655 1,243 525 459 273 (14) 1,990 1,590 468 824 299 (1) 296 20 75 153 48 157 12 62 83 (53) 618 570 48 1,779 734 472 145 164 188 87 (11) 916 528 310 78 (150) (245) 467 463 864 380 279 227 (22) 3,876 3,019 962 1,533 526 (2) 405 25 136 209 35 516 31 265 220 (64) 336 315 21 1,360 778 230 160 52 154 – (14) 477 287 130 60 (132) (277) 854 332 583 1,019 470 323 240 (14) 1,678 1,381 397 724 261 (1) 249 18 69 132 30 102 10 50 42 (54) 370 340 30 1,456 568 436 121 144 131 67 (11) 495 293 163 39 (150) (261) 1,265 178 227 640 279 216 163 (18) 483 105 430 724 333 224 174 (7) 2,647 1,240 1,908 586 996 328 (2) 270 15 96 134 25 525 38 287 200 (56) 266 258 8 583 302 79 106 38 55 – 3 274 208 51 15 (113) (496) 983 257 529 195 2 202 17 68 92 25 100 10 54 36 (45) 267 256 11 757 261 232 85 103 49 35 (8) 296 194 100 2 (115) (451) 38,637 34,472 12,197 8,959 9,832 6,376 5,471 3,736 (1) Revenue includes the Group’s share of revenue of joint ventures and associates. Base Metals’ revenue is shown after deduction of treatment charges and reﬁ ning charges (TC/RCs). (2) EBITDA is operating proﬁ t before special items, remeasurements, depreciation and amortisation in subsidiaries and share of EBITDA of associates. (3) Operating proﬁ t includes operating proﬁ t before special items and remeasurements from subsidiaries and joint ventures and share of operating proﬁ t (before interest, tax, minority interests, special items and remeasurements) of associates. (4) Revenue in 2006 and 2005 includes intercompany sales from Mantos Blancos to Minera Sur Andes. The external revenue in 2006 is $2,372 million (2005: $1,386 million) for Minera Sur Andes and $723 million (2005: $499 million) for Mantos Blancos. Anglo American plc Annual Report 2006 | 157 ANGLO AMERICAN plc ANNUAL REPORT 2006 Reconciliation of subsidiaries’ and associates’ reported earnings to the underlying earnings included in the consolidated ﬁ nancial statements for the year ended 31 December 2006 – note only key reported lines are reconciled AngloGold Ashanti Limited IFRS adjusted headline earnings (published) Exploration Depreciation on assets fair valued on acquisition Deferred tax on depreciation on assets fair valued on acquisition Other Minorities’ share of proﬁ t during subsidiary period up to 20 April 2006 Share of earnings not attributable to Anglo American’s 41.7% shareholding from 20 April 2006 Contribution to Anglo American plc underlying earnings Anglo Platinum Limited IFRS headline earnings (US$ equivalent of published) Exchange rate difference Exploration Adjustment to proﬁ t on disposal(1) Other adjustments Minority interest Depreciation on assets fair valued on acquisition (net of tax) Contribution to Anglo American plc underlying earnings 2006 US$ million 413 16 (26) 8 10 (69) (174) 178 1,771 (40) 30 16 (6) 1,771 (454) (52) 1,265 (1) The BEE cost included in the current year transaction in respect of the disposal of 15% of Union section by Anglo Platinum is calculated in accordance with IFRS 2 Share- based Payment. This is excluded from Anglo American’s ‘Underlying earnings’ as it is considered to be part of the proﬁ t or loss on disposal, however this amount is included in Anglo Platinum’s ‘Headline earnings’ as deﬁ ned by the Johannesburg Stock Exchange. DB Investments (DBI) DBI underlying earnings before class action payment (100%)(1) Adjustments(2) DBI underlying earnings – Anglo American plc basis (100%) Anglo American plc’s 45% ordinary share interest Income from preference shares Contribution to Anglo American plc underlying earnings 425 18 443 199 28 227 (1) DBI underlying earnings is stated before costs of $57 million in relation to the amended class action settlement agreement, and proﬁ ts of $229 million and $105 million relating to the Ponahalo BEE transaction and sale of interest in Fort à la Corne, respectively. (2) Adjustments include the reclassiﬁ cation of the actuarial gains and losses booked to the income statement by DBsa under the corridor mechanism of IAS 19 Employee Beneﬁ ts. Kumba Iron Ore Limited (KIO) IFRS pro forma headline earnings (US$ equivalent of published)(1) Depreciation on assets fair valued on acquisition (net of tax) Adjustment to proﬁ t on disposal(2) Other adjustments Minority interest KIO contribution to Anglo American plc underlying earnings Add contribution from Kumba non-iron ore Kumba contribution to Anglo American plc underlying earnings 314 (6) 23 (3) 328 (66) 262 40 302 (1) The KIO IFRS pro forma headline earnings for the year ended 31 December 2006 assume a minority interest of 20% in KIO’s underlying mining assets. (2) The BEE cost in respect of KIO’s disposal of 3% of the issued share capital of Sishen Iron Ore Company (Pty) Limited (SIOC) to the SIOC Community Development Trust, as part of the conditions of the Kumba Resources empowerment transaction, is calculated in accordance with IFRS 2 Share-based Payment. This is excluded from Anglo American’s ‘Underlying earnings’ as it is considered to be part of the Kumba empowerment transaction. This amount, however, is included in KIO’s ‘Headline earnings’ as deﬁ ned by the Johannesburg Stock Exchange. Highveld Steel and Vanadium Corporation Limited IFRS headline earnings (US$ equivalent of published) Adjustment in respect of disposal group accounting(1) Other adjustments Minority interest Contribution to Anglo American plc underlying earnings (1) Highveld was reclassiﬁ ed as ‘Assets classiﬁ ed as held for sale’ during the year and, therefore, in accordance with IFRS 5 Non-current assets held for sale and discontinued operations, the Group ceased recording depreciation from the point of reclassiﬁ cation. The Tongaat-Hulett Group Limited IFRS headline earnings (US$ equivalent of published) Minority interest Add Anglo American plc’s share of Hulamin Contribution to Anglo American plc underlying earnings 158 | Anglo American plc Annual Report 2006 154 13 (7) 160 (81) 79 104 (54) 50 5 55 Shareholder information Annual General Meeting Will be held at 11:00 am on Tuesday 17 April 2007, at The Royal Society, 6-9 Carlton House Terrace, London, SW1Y 5AG. Shareholders’ diary 2007/8 Interim results announcement Interim dividend payment Annual results announcement Annual report AGM Final dividend August 2007 September 2007 February 2008 March 2008 April 2008 May 2008 Shareholding enquiries Enquiries relating to shareholdings should be made to the Company’s UK Registrars, Lloyds TSB or the South African Transfer Secretaries, Link Market Services South Africa (Pty) Ltd, at the relevant address below: UK Registrars Lloyds TSB Registrars The Causeway Worthing West Sussex BN99 6DA England Telephone: In the UK: 0870 609 2286 From outside the UK: +44 121 415 7558 Transfer Secretaries in South Africa Link Market Services South Africa (Pty) Ltd 11 Diagonal Street Johannesburg 2001, South Africa (PO Box 4844 Johannesburg 2000) Telephone: +27 (0) 11 834 2266 Enquiries on other matters should be addressed to the Company Secretary at the following address: Registered and Head Ofﬁ ce Anglo American plc 20 Carlton House Terrace London SW1Y 5AN England Telephone: +44 (0)20 7968 8888 Fax: +44 (0)20 7968 8500 Registered number: 3564138 Website: www.angloamerican.co.uk Additional information on a wide range of shareholder services can be found in the Shareholder Information section of the Notice of Annual General Meeting and on the Group’s website. Anglo American plc Annual Report 2006 | 159 ANGLO AMERICAN plc ANNUAL REPORT 2006 Other Anglo American publications • 2006 Annual Review • 2006 Interim Report • 2006/7 Fact Book • 2006 Notice of AGM and Shareholder Information Booklet • 2006 Report to Society • Optima – Anglo American’s current affairs journal • Good Neighbours: Our Work With Communities • Good Citizenship: Our Business Principles • Investing in the future – Black Economic Empowerment If you would like to receive copies of Anglo American’s publications, please write to: Investor and Corporate Affairs Department Anglo American plc 20 Carlton House Terrace London SW1Y 5AN, England Alternatively, publications can be ordered online at: http://www.angloamerican.co.uk/newsandmedia/reportsand publications/request/requestreportpopup/ The 2006 Annual Review and the booklet containing the Notice of AGM and other shareholder information are available free of charge from the Company, its UK Registrars and South African Transfer Secretaries. Charitable partners This is just a selection of the charities which we have worked with in 2006: 160 | Anglo American plc Annual Report 2006 A n g l o A m e r i c a n p l c A n n u a l R e p o r t 2 0 0 6 Annual Report 2006 Anglo American: Delivering our strategic goals Anglo American plc 20 Carlton House Terrace London SW1Y 5AN England Telephone +44 (0)20 7968 8888 Fax +44 (0)20 7968 8500 Registered number 3564138 www.angloamerican.co.uk

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