UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549
_________________
FORM 10-K
_________________
☒ ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2020
☐ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the transition period from to
Commission File Number 001-37468
_________________
AppFolio, Inc.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
_________________
Delaware
(State of incorporation or organization)
50 Castilian Drive
Santa Barbara, California
(Address of principal executive offices)
26-0359894
(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)
93117
(Zip Code)
(805) 364-6093
Registrant’s telephone number, including area code
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Exchange Act:
Title of each class
Class A common stock, par value $0.0001 per share
Trading Symbol(s)
APPF
Name of exchange on which registered
The NASDAQ Stock Market LLC
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Exchange Act:
None
_________________
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yes ☒ No ☐
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act. Yes ☐ No ☒
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12
months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports) and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒ No ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§
232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☒ No ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company or an emerging growth
company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer” “smaller reporting company,” and "emerging growth company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.
(Check one):
Large accelerated filer
Non-accelerated filer
☒
☐
Accelerated filer
Smaller reporting company
Emerging growth company
☐
☐
☐
If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial
accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has filed a report on and attestation to its management's assessment of the effectiveness of its internal control over financial
reporting under Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (15 U.S.C. 7262(b)) by the registered public accounting firm that prepared or issued its audit report. ☒
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Act). Yes ☐ No ☒
The aggregate market value of the voting and non-voting common equity held by non-affiliates of the registrant, based on the closing price of the registrant’s Class A common
stock on June 30, 2020 (the last business day of the registrant’s mostly recently completed second fiscal quarter), as reported on the NASDAQ Global Market on such date, was
approximately $2.870 billion. Shares of the registrant’s Class A common stock and Class B common stock held by each executive officer, director and holder of 10% or more of
the registrant’s outstanding Class A common stock and Class B common stock have been excluded from this calculation as such persons may be deemed to be affiliates. The
determination of affiliate status for this purpose does not reflect a determination that any of such persons shall be deemed to be an affiliate of the registrant for any other purpose.
At February 15, 2021, the number of shares of the registrant’s Class A common stock outstanding was 18,747,460 and the number of shares of the registrant’s Class B common
stock outstanding was 15,650,311.
DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE
Portions of the registrant’s definitive Proxy Statement for the 2021 Annual Meeting of Stockholders (the “Proxy Statement”), to be filed with the Securities and Exchange
Commission (the “SEC”) pursuant to Regulation 14A not later than 120 days after the end of the fiscal year covered by this Annual Report on Form 10-K (this “Annual
Report”), are incorporated by reference in Part III, Items 10-14 of this Annual Report. Except for the portions of the Proxy Statement specifically incorporated by reference in
this Annual Report, the Proxy Statement shall not be deemed to be filed as part hereof.
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
APPFOLIO, INC.
ANNUAL REPORT ON FORM 10-K
FOR THE FISCAL YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2020
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Section
Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements
Part I
Item 1.
Item 1A.
Item 1B.
Item 2.
Item 3.
Item 4.
Item 5.
Item 6.
Item 7.
Item 7A.
Item 8.
Item 9.
Item 9A.
Item 10.
Item 11.
Item 12.
Item 13.
Item 14.
Part II
Part III
Part IV
Business
Risk Factors
Unresolved Staff Comments
Properties
Legal Proceedings
Mine Safety Disclosures
Market for Registrant's Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity
Securities
Selected Financial Data
Management's Discussion Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operation
Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk
Financial Statements and Supplementary Data
Changes in and Disagreements With Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosures
Controls and Procedures
Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance
Executive Compensation
Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters
Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence
Principal Accounting Fees and Services
Item 15.
Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules
Signatures
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CAUTIONARY NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS
This Annual Report on Form 10-K (this "Annual Report") for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2020 (fiscal 2020), includes “forward-looking
statements” within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the "Securities Act"), and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of
1934, as amended (the "Exchange Act"), which statements are subject to considerable risks and uncertainties. These forward-looking statements are intended to
qualify for the safe harbor from liability established by the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Forward-looking statements include all statements
that are not statements of historical facts and can be identified by words such as “anticipates,” “believes,” “could,” “estimates,” “expects,” “intends,” “may,”
“plans,” “potential,” “predicts, “projects,” “seeks,” “should,” “will,” “would” or similar expressions and the negatives of those expressions. Forward-looking
statements also include the assumptions underlying or relating to such statements. In particular, forward looking statements contained in this Annual Report relate
to, among other things:
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▪
▪
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▪
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our future or assumed financial condition, results of operations and liquidity;
business forecasts and plans;
trends affecting our business and industry, and the economy as a whole;
capital needs and financing plans;
capital resource allocation plans;
share repurchase plans;
research and product development plans;
future products and Value+ services;
growth in the size of our business and number of customers;
strategic plans and objectives;
the impact of acquisitions, investments and divestitures;
changes in the competitive environment;
commitments and contingencies, including with respect to the outcome of legal proceedings or regulatory matters;
the application of accounting guidance, including the impact from adoption of recent accounting pronouncements; and
the impacts of, and our response to, the novel coronavirus ("COVID-19") pandemic.
The foregoing list may not include all of the forward-looking statements made in this Annual Report.
Our forward-looking statements are based on our management’s current beliefs, assumptions and expectations about future events and trends, which
affect or may affect our business, strategy, operations or financial performance. Although we believe these forward-looking statements are based upon reasonable
assumptions, they are subject to numerous known and unknown risks and uncertainties and are made in light of information currently available to us. Our actual
financial condition and results could differ materially from those expressed or implied by these forward-looking statements as a result of various factors, including
those set forth below under the caption “Risk Factors” in Part I, Item 1A and “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of
Operations” in Part II, Item 7, and elsewhere in this Annual Report, as well as in the other reports we file with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the
"SEC").
Moreover, we operate in an evolving environment. New risks and uncertainties emerge from time to time and it is not possible for our management to
predict all risks and uncertainties, nor can we assess the impact of all factors on our business or the extent to which any factor, or combination of factors, may
cause actual future results to be materially different from those expressed or implied by any forward-looking statements.
Forward-looking statements speak only as of the date they were made, and, except to the extent required by law or the rules of the NASDAQ Global
Market, we undertake no obligation to update or review any forward-looking statement because of new information, future events or other factors.
We qualify all of our forward-looking statements by these cautionary statements.
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ITEM 1. BUSINESS
PART I
Unless otherwise stated in this Annual Report, references to "AppFolio," "we," "us," and "our" refer to AppFolio, Inc. and its consolidated subsidiaries.
Overview
AppFolio provides innovative software, services and data analytics to the real estate industry. Our industry-specific, cloud-based solutions are used
primarily by property managers, and also by numerous other constituencies in the property management business ecosystem. These other constituencies include
property owners, rental prospects, tenants and service providers, whom we refer to collectively as "users". Although specific functionality varies by product, our
core solutions are designed to enable our customers to digitally transform their businesses, address critical business operations and enable exceptional customer
service. In addition to our core solutions, we offer an array of optional, but often business-critical, Value+ services that are designed to enhance, automate and
streamline processes and workflows that are essential to our customers' businesses. Our Value+ services are generally available on an as-needed basis and enable
our customers to adapt our offerings to their specific operational requirements.
Our solutions and services are designed to be a system of record to automate essential business processes, a system of engagement to enhance business
interactions between our customers and their business ecosystems and a system of intelligence designed to leverage data to predict and optimize business
workflows in order to enable exceptional customer experiences and increase efficiency across our customers' businesses. Our mobile-optimized software solutions
are designed for use across multiple devices and operating systems. Our software solutions are offered as a service, are hosted using a modern cloud-based
architecture, and in part, use artificial intelligence technologies. This architecture leads to rich data sets that have a consistent schema across our customer and user
base and enables us to deploy data-powered products and services for our customers and users.
For the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018, our revenue was $310.1 million, $256.0 million and $190.1 million, respectively, of which
$284.7 million, $231.1 million and $172.4 million, respectively, were derived from our software services and data analytics offered to the real estate vertical. See
Item 7, "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations" of this Annual Report, within the section entitled "Quarterly
Results of Operations" for additional details regarding seasonality of revenue.
During certain periods covered by this Annual Report, we also provided software solutions and services to the legal vertical. As previously disclosed, we
completed our divestiture of MyCase, Inc. on September 30, 2020. For additional details, see Note 1, Nature of Business and Note 3, Divestitures and Business
Combinations of our Consolidated Financial Statements in this Annual Report.
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The Challenges We Address
We believe that many companies face a common set of challenges that divert limited time and resources away from serving their customers and growing
their businesses. Significant administrative burdens from inefficient manual processes and the use of disparate technologies or loosely integrated solutions only
exacerbate those challenges. This is particularly evident in businesses that involve unique workflows, relationships among multiple users, significant data inputs
and management, and compliance or regulatory requirements. Our platform is designed to provide our customers an intuitive, reliable and integrated solution that
brings innovative technology and services to their specific workflows, meets their key operational requirements and enables delivery of exceptional customer
experiences. We rely on partners and third party service providers to deliver certain aspects of our solutions, and we strive to provide a seamlessly integrated
experience for our customers. We believe our customer-centric culture fosters a focus on customer satisfaction which leads to long-term customer retention and our
long-term success. We believe our solutions and services offer customers the ability to capitalize on the power of fully integrated business management software to
interact with their business ecosystems, and to mine the data and insights gleaned from these relationships, which is integral to our customers' ability to grow their
businesses and compete effectively.
Growth Strategy
Our growth strategy is to provide increasingly valuable industry-specific business management software, services and data analytics to new and existing
customers and their business ecosystems. We believe our customer-centric culture and market validation techniques that direct our product strategy are key to our
success. Key components of our growth strategy include:
Maintain Product and Technology Leadership. We have made, and will continue to make, significant investments in research and new product
development to expand our platform capabilities as we deem appropriate in our target markets. We intend to continue using our market validation techniques and
close relationships with our customers and users as a key source of feedback to inform and direct our product strategy. We may also choose to acquire rather than
build certain technology capabilities, or to partner with third parties to deliver key functionality to serve the needs of our customers and their business ecosystems.
Keep Our Existing Customers and Users Happy. We believe customer success is essential to our long-term success. We place significant emphasis on
customer service, which we believe leads to long-term customer relationships, to differentiate our software, services and data analytics from competing products.
This emphasis will continue to be a critical component of our growth strategy in the future. We believe that maintaining our focus on customer success will lead to
new product innovation, the referral of new customers from existing satisfied customers, and greater adoption and utilization of our solutions and services.
Acquire New Customers. We believe new customer acquisition is essential to our long-term success. We expect to continue to grow our base of
customers with our investments in the development of increasingly valuable business management capabilities for our target markets, sales and marketing
programs, including evolving industry thought leadership and education, and the referral power of satisfied customers.
Expand Adoption and Use By Existing Customers. We have made, and will continue to make, significant investments in our solutions and services that
expand functionality and enhance or add new capabilities to meet the current and evolving needs of our customers. We expect our satisfied customers will expand
their usage of our Value+ services to adapt our platform to their specific operational requirements. In addition, as our customers grow, we expect they will continue
to use our solutions and services to manage their larger businesses.
Enter New Adjacent Markets. We expect to continue to evaluate and expand into adjacent markets based on our market validation strategy and targeted
customer feedback in a manner consistent with our strategic plan. We believe that, while we are continuously developing our solutions and services within one
market, we can apply certain relevant product enhancements and key learnings from that market as we extend our solutions and services into successive adjacent
markets.
Expand into New Verticals. We expect to continue to review potential opportunities to expand into additional vertical markets in a manner consistent
with our strategic plan. We believe our expansion into and success from adjacent markets may present opportunities to enter new verticals. Any new vertical must
also fit within our overall business strategy, including our management team's assessment of available alternatives, such as the number and size of potential
adjacent market opportunities, and the relative risk and return of these opportunities.
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The growth strategy that our management and board of directors have developed reflects our customer-centric and long-term growth view of our business,
rather than the realization of short-term financial or business metrics, or short-term value. If opportunities arise that might cause us to sacrifice our performance
with respect to short-term financial or business metrics, but that we believe are in the best interests of our stockholders in the long term, we will take those
opportunities. The technology surrounding our business management solutions and services is constantly evolving, and our growth strategy is thus subject to a
variety of risks and uncertainties. Please refer to Item 1A., "Risk Factors", for a more complete discussion of these and other risk-related issues.
Human Capital
We believe our people are at the heart of our success and our customers’ success. We endeavor to not only attract and retain talented employees, but also
to provide a challenging and rewarding environment to motivate and develop our valuable human capital. We look to our talented employees to lead and foster
various initiatives that support our company culture including those related to diversity, equity and inclusion. In addition, we rely heavily on our talented team to
execute our growth plans and achieve our long-term strategic objectives.
We believe that our company culture, driven by a dedication to the following six core values, provides us with a competitive advantage:
Simpler Is Better
Great, Innovative Products Are Key To A Great Business
Great People Make A Great Company
Listening To Customers Is In Our DNA
Small, Focused Teams Keep Us Agile
•
•
•
•
•
• We Do The Right Thing; It’s Good For Business
At December 31, 2020, we had 1,335 full-time employees and also routinely engage temporary employees and consultants. We consider our relationship
with our employees and consultants to be strong. None of our employees are represented by a labor union or covered by a collective bargaining agreement. We
must continue to attract and retain highly qualified and motivated personnel across our organization to execute our growth plan and achieve our strategic
objectives. If we fail to do so, our business and operating results may suffer. Please refer to Item 1A., "Risk Factors", for a more complete discussion of these and
other related risks.
Compensation and Benefits
We provide competitive compensation and benefits for our employees. Our compensation packages may include base salary, commission or annual
performance-based bonuses, and stock-based compensation. We also offer general employee medical, dental, and vision insurance, health savings and flexible
spending accounts, mental health resources, paid time off, paid family leave, life and disability insurance, and 401(k) plan matching contributions. These programs
and our overall compensation packages seek to attract and retain talented employees.
Health, Safety and Wellness
We take the health and welfare of our employees very seriously, and have encouraged safe practices designed to stem the infection and spread of COVID-
19 within our workforce and beyond and to maintain the mental health and well-being of our employees. Beginning in March 2020, in an effort to protect our
employees and comply with applicable government orders, we restricted non-essential employee travel and transitioned our employees to a remote work
environment. We currently expect the majority of our employees will continue working remotely at least through the second quarter of 2021. We are committed to
our employees returning to the workplace in the long-term, and have recently constructed a new office space in Santa Barbara, California, extended the lease for
our office in Richardson, Texas and are seeking new office space to lease in San Diego, California to accommodate our employees' return to the workplace in the
future.
Workplace Awards
By attracting and retaining a team of people who are inspired by these values, focusing on building an outstanding culture, and offering opportunities for
professional and personal growth, AppFolio has been recognized as a 2020 Best Place to Work and Highest Rated Company for Work-Life Balance During
COVID-19 by Glassdoor, a 2020 Best Workplace for Women by Fortune, and a 2020 Best Workplace for Parents by Great Place to Work.
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Property Management Market
In 2008, we introduced AppFolio Property Manager ("APM"), a property management solution designed to address the unique operational and business
requirements of property management companies and their business ecosystems. Recognizing that our customers and their business ecosystems would benefit from
additional business critical services, we launched a series of Value+ services beginning in 2009. Our Value+ services are tailored to the specific workflows of
property management businesses and generally fall into the categories of marketing and leasing, electronic payment services, business optimization and risk
mitigation. In 2018, we introduced AppFolio Property Manager PLUS, ("APM PLUS"), a tier of APM designed for larger businesses with more complex needs.
APM PLUS builds upon the functionality of APM and additionally offers data analytics, configurable workflows, and revenue management and optimization
functionality for our customers.
APM and APM PLUS serve our property management customers, including third-party property managers and owner operators, who typically manage
single- and multi-family residential, and others who manage community association, and commercial properties. Our solutions and services also serve other
constituencies in the property management market, including property owners, rental prospects, tenants and service providers.
Our Property Management Solutions
AppFolio Property Manager - Core Solutions
Core functionality addresses key operational issues, including accounting and business analytics and management, marketing and leasing functionality,
and communications with key stakeholders. APM PLUS builds upon the functionality of APM and additionally offers data analytics, configurable workflows, and
revenue management and optimization functionality for our larger and more complex property management customers.
AppFolio Property Manager - Value+ Services
Our Value+ services build on functionality and workflows in our core solutions and generally fall into the categories of marketing and leasing, electronic
payment services, business optimization and risk mitigation. Although many of our Value+ services are enabled by third party partners, we prioritize a seamless
experience for our customers and users which increases their efficiency and ease of use of APM and APM PLUS. Utilization and adoption of our Value+ services
is typically higher for residential properties than community association or commercial properties because of the unique and complex needs of the residential rental
lifecycle. We have generally organized our Value+ services below in the manner in which they are experienced throughout the rental lifecycle.
We deliver and maintain professionally designed and architected Websites that showcase our customers’ businesses. Our websites are fully integrated
with our property manager functionality, including vacancy postings, electronic payment services, owner portals, tenant portals and maintenance requests. Property
managers can track and analyze site traffic and lead generation by evaluating completed guest cards from rental prospects who visit the websites in connection with
posted vacancies. Features include search engine optimized content, integrations with leading 3D tour providers, professional photography sourcing, and logo
creation.
Our Premium Leads functionality allow customers to upgrade property listings to premium status and syndicate them to dozens of pay-to-list websites,
including featured placement on many sites. Customers also receive advance call tracking and pay only for the verified leads they receive through the Value+
service.
Our Artificial Intelligence Leasing Assistant works 24/7 as part of a customers' leasing team to provide tailored text message or email responses to
rental prospects in real-time, and leverages integrated reporting to track leasing performance with accurate data to drive increased occupancy rates and operational
efficiency.
Our Tenant Screening Services include background screening, credit checks, and income verification for use in connection with the rental application
process. In addition to obtaining an applicant's credit history, property managers have the option of leveraging an automated nationwide eviction and criminal
records search, as well as accessing and/or contributing to rental payments history data, to better identify qualified tenants and reduce risk.
Our accounting features include Electronic Payment Services that allow property managers to streamline their payables and receivables through a
variety of online payment options. Customers can collect funds through a secure online portal, mobile application and via electronic cash payments from various
users, including: rental application fees, security deposits, rent payments and other tenant charges; contributions from property owners; and periodic dues from
those living in community associations. Customers can also electronically send funds to various users, including: distributions to property owners; payments to
service providers; and payment to their own management company. Customers can also use our automated accounts payable solution to automate their accounts
payable and expense recording process with smart bill entry, powered in part by artificial intelligence technology.
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Through partnerships and wholly-owned subsidiaries, we make available two insurance options, Liability to Landlord Insurance and Renters
Insurance, that can be tailored to help property managers protect their properties and meet renters’ needs. Property managers can instantly enroll residents in
liability to landlord insurance, which offers owners and investors increased protection against tenant-caused damage. Renters have the option of purchasing renters
insurance through an online portal to protect their personal belongings, as well as the property itself, from certain unexpected damages.
With our Utility Management functionality, our customers are able to automate utility bill processing and resident billing, and manage utility-related
operating and capital expenditures.
Our Maintenance Contact Center functionality is built into our customers maintenance workflow and is staffed 24/7/365 by trained agents, each acting
as an extension of our property management customers’ teams to resolve or route incoming maintenance requests. Contact center agents are able to enter non-
emergency work orders directly into APM’s property maintenance software for a property manager’s approval, and to dispatch vendors immediately in case of an
emergency.
With our Tenant Debt Collections functionality, our customers can electronically send past due tenant debt from their APM database to a national fully-
licensed third party debt collection agency to attempt to recover uncollected revenue. This Value+ service also includes reporting unpaid balances to three major
credit bureaus.
With our Mailing Services functionality, our customers with community association units can streamline the mailing of required home owner association
documentation.
Investment Management Market
In April 2019, we launched AppFolio Investment Management, which is designed to enable real estate investment managers to better manage their
investor relationships by increasing transparency and streamlining certain business processes.
AppFolio Investment Management - Core Solutions
AppFolio Investment Management is a cloud-based software solution for real estate investment managers of various sizes that provides innovative tools
and services designed to streamline their real estate investment management businesses. Core functionality addresses key operational issues, including
management of investor relationships by increasing transparency and streamlining communications with key stakeholders.
AppFolio Investment Management - Value+ Solutions
We deliver and maintain professionally designed and architected Websites tailored to fit our customers’ businesses. Investment managers can track and
analyze site traffic and lead generation. Features include search engine optimized content and logo creation.
Regulatory Environment
Our software, services, and data analytics are subject to certain legal, regulatory and other requirements. These laws are complex and evolving. Various
U.S. federal and state laws govern many of our business activities, including, without limitation, the processing of payments, tenant screening, the sale and
solicitation of insurance, and handling of consumer information. Despite our significant efforts to comply with all applicable requirements, there can be no
guarantee that our efforts will be sufficient or that existing laws, rules or other requirements will not be interpreted, revised, augmented or rewritten in a way that
adversely affects our regulated business activities, which comprise a significant majority of our overall business. Please refer to Item 1A., "Risk Factors", for a
more complete discussion of these and other risk-related issues.
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Our Customers
We believe our customer-centric culture fosters a focus on customer satisfaction which leads to long-term customer retention and our long-term success.
We define customers as those paying for a subscription to our core solutions. Our solutions and services are primarily used by our customers, and also by numerous
other constituencies in the business ecosystems we serve. In the property management market, these other constituencies include property owners, rental prospects,
tenants, and service providers. We generate a portion of our revenue from these users.
As of December 31, 2020, we had 15,724 property management customers. No individual customer represented 10% or more of our total revenue for
fiscal 2020.
Sales and Marketing
We leverage a modern and scalable marketing approach along with marketing automation technology to attract and engage prospects, build brand
recognition and our reputation as an industry leader. We participate in and drive industry thought leadership and education with both online and offline activities,
and we use a variety of inbound and outbound marketing techniques to promote our business software solutions, services and data analytics.
Our business development team acts in partnership with our marketing and sales teams to reach potential customers, generate sales opportunities and
accelerate the time from evaluation to close. Our sales representatives assist prospective customers as they evaluate our software solutions. Our interactive sales
methodology allows our sales team to quickly build relationships, assess our customers’ business challenges, and demonstrate the benefits of our core functionality
and, where applicable, Value+ services. Throughout the customer relationship, we continue to promote adoption and usage of our Value+ services by customers
and users through a variety of channels, including email, webinars, training, sales outreach and from within our software solution via in-app messaging. As we
serve larger and more complex real estate customers, we have invested in additional headcount to manage and grow these customer relationships over time.
Customer Service
We believe our success is tied to long-term customer relationships, not a one-time sale. We pride ourselves on being customer-centric and strive to
educate our customers on the solutions and services capabilities they can use to improve business efficiency and productivity. Our solutions are designed to be easy
to use and manage, and we offer training and support at no extra charge.
Our dedicated onboarding team works to ensure that customers are prepared to run their businesses on our platform and provide a seamless onboarding
experience. As a result of our assistance with data migration matters, we are able to provide valuable insights into data integrity and work with our customers to
help resolve any issues in their underlying business processes. We also assist our customers with the configuration of our software solutions for particular property
types or investment structures as appropriate. We share insights on best practices for the markets we serve and dedicate resources to guide our customers through
the adoption and utilization of our Value+ services.
Technology and Operations
Our software solutions are powered by a highly scalable computing platform, and are designed with a strong focus on data security and availability. We
use Ruby-on-Rails as our primary web application framework, and we take great care to keep this application framework and the rest of our software stack current
in order to mitigate known security vulnerabilities. Our computing platform and cloud infrastructure are primarily powered by Amazon Web Service’ Elastic
Compute Cloud (EC2) platform. In order to ensure that data is not lost and that customer requests can be satisfied, production assets are securely replicated and
regularly backed up to multiple geographic regions.
Our operators monitor our production infrastructure to ensure high performance and availability, and our architecture allows our operators significant
flexibility in achieving these goals. In particular, our operators have fine-grained control over the specific server and region on which each customer's data resides,
and can move customer data between different geographic regions in order to avoid service disruption or to increase service performance.
7
Sensitive customer data, including passwords, Social Security, and tax identification numbers, is encrypted during transmission, and before being written
to disk. We regularly evaluate our product and infrastructure security, including through third-party penetration testing. In addition, our software solutions allow
our customers to define roles that provide different levels of access to users, allowing them to view and modify specific items depending on their role. Supervisors
can distribute work to on-site staff in a secure and controlled environment, while leadership retains visibility across the entire system. Some sensitive customer
actions require secondary verification via two-factor authentication, and any customer can enable two-factor authentication for logging into their account.
Notwithstanding the foregoing, there can be no assurance that the significant data security measures we employ will prevent malicious or unauthorized access to
our systems and information. Please refer to Item 1A., "Risk Factors", for a more complete discussion of these and other risk-related issues.
Research and Product Development
We rely heavily on input from our customers and prospective customers in developing products that meet their needs and in anticipating developments in
their businesses. Our product management team leads our research and market validation efforts and provides guidance to management and our engineering team
based on our collective domain expertise and in-depth knowledge and understanding of our customers. As a result, our product management team engages
regularly with customers, partners, and other industry participants, as well as our customer service and sales and marketing organizations. Our product team
manages our development projects generally and serves to align separate functions within the company with a single strategic vision.
We entrust product design, development and testing to our engineering and product teams, who coordinate closely to launch new capabilities and services.
Our engineers work in small teams generally aligned with specific customer segments or product capabilities to foster agility and continued innovation in
responding to the evolving needs of our customers. We leverage a collaborative, team-based and test-driven approach to engineering in order to release new
capabilities frequently. We believe that it is easier for our customers to adjust to continuous updates to our platform, which incrementally change and improve their
user experience, than it is to adapt to infrequent, but more drastic upgrades. The software industry in general is characterized by rapid technological advances,
changing industry standards, evolving customer requirements and intense competition, and we cannot be certain that our research and product development
strategies will be successful in every market we seek to serve. Please refer to Item 1A., "Risk Factors", for a more complete discussion of these and other risk-
related issues.
Competition
The overall market for business management software is global, highly competitive and continually evolving to respond to changes in technology,
operational requirements, and ever-changing laws and regulations. We believe our competitors primarily fall into the following categories:
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On-premise or cloud-based vertical market business management software providers that serve companies of all sizes in our markets; and
On-premise or cloud-based horizontal business management software providers that offer broad solutions across multiple verticals.
We also experience competition from numerous cloud-based solutions providers that focus almost exclusively on one or more point solutions. For
example, in the real estate vertical, we compete with payment solutions providers, listing services, tenant screening applications and specialists in lease forms.
Continued consolidation among cloud-based solution providers could significantly increase competition.
We believe the principal competitive factors include the following:
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breadth and depth of functionality in software solutions and applications;
brand awareness and reputation;
ease of deployment and use of software solutions and applications;
level of customer satisfaction;
data security and availability;
nature and extent of mobile interface;
size of customer base and level of user adoption and usage;
total cost of ownership;
ability to innovate and respond to customer needs rapidly;
domain expertise; and
ability to leverage a common technology platform and business strategy.
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We believe that we compete favorably on the factors described above. However, some of our competitors may have greater financial, technical and other
resources, greater name recognition and larger sales and marketing budgets; therefore, we may not always compare favorably with respect to some or all of the
foregoing factors.
Intellectual Property
We rely on a combination of patents, copyrights, trademarks, trade secrets, confidentiality procedures and contractual restrictions to establish and protect
our proprietary rights in our core solutions and Value+ services. We hold eleven United States patents that directly relate to our technology and expire between
2026 and 2033. We also maintain one issued United States patent that relates directly to web-based legal workflow software, which was exclusively licensed to
MyCase, Inc. in connection with our divestiture from the legal vertical in September 2020. For additional details regarding our divestiture, see Note 1, Nature of
Business and Note 3, Divestitures and Acquisitions of our Consolidated Financial Statements in this Annual Report. We may pursue additional patent protection to
the extent we believe it would be beneficial and cost effective.
We have registered “AppFolio” and certain other marks as trademarks in the United States and several other jurisdictions. We have also acquired certain
marks and filed trademark applications and renewals in the United States and certain other jurisdictions, and will pursue additional trademark registrations to the
extent we believe it would be beneficial and cost effective. We are the registered holder of a variety of domestic and international domain names that include
“appfolioinc.com,” “appfolio.com,” “appfolioinvestmentmanagement.com” and similar variations. We also license software from third parties for use in our
solutions, including open source software and other software available on standard commercial terms.
We control access to our proprietary technology by entering into confidentiality and invention assignment agreements with our employees and
contractors, and confidentiality agreements with third parties. Despite our precautions, it may be possible for unauthorized third parties to copy our software
solutions and use information that we regard as proprietary to create products and services that compete with ours.
Trends and Uncertainties Related to the COVID-19 Pandemic
The COVID-19 pandemic has created and may continue to create significant uncertainty and volatility in a wide variety of industries and markets,
including the global real estate market, and has prompted many federal, state, local, and foreign governments to implement various lock-down measures in an
attempt to contain the spread and mitigate the impact of the disease. The initial implementation of such lock-down measures, and their re-introduction in response
to a nation-wide resurgence of COVID-19 cases in late-2020, resulted in business closures, work stoppages, slowdowns and delays, work-from-home policies,
travel restrictions and the cancellation or postponement of events.
Despite recent approval and initial distribution of vaccines, both the pandemic and the containment and mitigation measures have had and are likely to
continue to have an adverse impact on the global and U.S. economies, the severity and duration of which are uncertain. It is likely that government stabilization
efforts will only partially mitigate the consequences to the economy. As such, both the pandemic and containment and mitigation measures may adversely affect
our business, operations and financial condition by, among other things, reducing demand for our core solutions and/or Value+ services, impairing the productivity
of our workforce, and reducing our access to capital. The extent to which the COVID-19 pandemic will impact our business, financial conditions, and results of
operations in the future is highly uncertain and will be affected by a number of factors. These include the duration and extent of the pandemic, the duration and
extent of imposed or recommended containment and mitigation measures, the extent, duration, and effective execution of government stabilization and recovery
efforts, including those from the successful distribution of effective vaccines.
Beginning in March 2020, in an effort to protect our employees and comply with applicable government orders, we restricted non-essential employee
travel and transitioned our employees to a remote work environment. We currently expect the majority of our employees will continue working remotely at least
through the second quarter of 2021. Our workforce has continued to effectively develop and support our product and service offerings notwithstanding the current
environment. We take the health and welfare of our people very seriously, and have encouraged safe practices designed to stem the infection and spread of
COVID-19 within our workforce and beyond and to maintain the mental health and well-being of our employees. However, if the COVID-19 pandemic requires
remote working conditions for a prolonged period of time, it could have an adverse impact on the productivity of our employees, which would harm our business
and impede our ability to achieve our strategic plan. For example, certain of our employees with younger children have been required to respond to ongoing school
closures and adapt to a distance learning environment, and may be required to continue to do so for the foreseeable future. Further, we have a limited history of
remote work and the long-term impact on, and the resulting types of continuing investments necessary for, our employee base is uncertain.
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Moreover, the COVID-19 pandemic may have long-term effects on the nature of the office environment and remote working. This may present
operational and workplace culture challenges that may adversely affect our business. However, we are committed to our employees returning to the workplace in
the long-term, and have recently constructed a new office space in Santa Barbara, California, extended the lease for our office in Richardson, Texas and are
seeking new office space to lease in San Diego, California to accommodate our employees' return to the workplace in the future.
We began fiscal year 2020 with healthy demand for our products and services, many of which are designed to enable our customers to manage their
businesses virtually. During the twelve months ended December 31, 2020, we experienced some variability in demand for certain Value+ services after lock-down
measures were implemented. We expect demand variability for our products and services could continue as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, although it is
presently unclear whether the cumulative impacts will be positive or negative. For example, the economic downturn resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic
caused an increase in residential rental defaults and deferrals. Together with eviction moratoriums in some jurisdictions, this adversely affected the rental income
of certain customers. Although the impact has not been material to date, a prolonged downturn in economic conditions could have a material adverse effect on our
customers and demand for our services.
We continue to actively communicate with and listen to our customers to best ensure that we are responding to their needs in the current environment with
innovative solutions that will not only be beneficial now but also over the long-term as well. However, our ability to interact with customers has been impacted by
the current environment. We believe that our inability to meet in-person with current or prospective customers, as well as the cancellation or postponement of
Company-sponsored events or third-party events at which our products are featured, may have a negative impact on our business.
We continue to monitor developments related to COVID-19 and remain flexible in our response to the challenges presented by the pandemic. To mitigate
the adverse impact COVID-19 may have on our business and operations, we have implemented a number of measures to protect the health and safety of our
employees, as well as to strengthen our financial position. These efforts include eliminating, reducing, or deferring non-essential expenditures, as well as
complying with local and state government recommendations to protect our workforce.
The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic may also exacerbate other risks discussed in this Annual Report. Refer to Item 1A. "Risk Factors" in this Annual
Report for a complete description of the material risks that we currently face.
Corporate Information
We were formed in 2006 as a Delaware limited liability company and converted to a Delaware corporation in 2007. Our principal executive offices are
located at 50 Castilian Drive, Santa Barbara, California 93117, and our telephone number is (805) 364-6093. Our corporate website is www.appfolioinc.com. The
information contained on or accessed through our website does not constitute part of, and is not incorporated by reference into this Annual Report. References to
our website address in this Annual Report are inactive textual references only.
“AppFolio,” the AppFolio logo, , and other trademarks and trade names of AppFolio appearing in this Annual Report are our property. All other trademarks
or trade names appearing in this report are the property of their respective owners. Solely for convenience, the trademarks and trade names in this report are
referred to without the ® and ™ symbols. We do not intend our use or display of the trademarks, trade names or service marks of other parties to imply a
relationship with, or endorsement or sponsorship of us, by such other parties.
Available Information
We file annual reports on Form 10-K, quarterly reports on Form 10-Q, current reports on Form 8-K, as well as amendments to those reports pursuant to
Sections 13(a) and 15(d) of the Exchange Act. We also file proxy statements and information statements pursuant to Section 14 of the Exchange Act. The SEC
maintains a website at www.sec.gov that contains the reports, proxy and information statements, and other information that we file with or furnish to the SEC
electronically. Copies of the reports, proxy statements and other information may also be obtained, free of charge, electronically through our corporate website, at
www.appfolioinc.com, as soon as reasonably practical after we file such material with, or furnish it to, the SEC.
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ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS
You should consider carefully the risks described below, together with all of the other information included in this Annual Report, as well as in our other filings
with the SEC, in evaluating our business and/or an investment in our Class A common stock. If any of the following risks actually occur, our business, financial
condition, operating results and future prospects could be materially and adversely affected. In that case, the trading price of our Class A common stock may
decline and you might lose all or part of your investment. The risks described below are not the only ones we face. Additional risks that we currently do not know
about or that we currently believe to be immaterial may also impair our business, financial condition, operating results and prospects.
Please be advised that certain of the risks and uncertainties described below contain “forward-looking statements.” See the section of this Annual Report
entitled “Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements” for additional information.
Risks Related to Our Business and Our Industry
Health epidemics, including the COVID-19 pandemic, have had, and could in the future have, a material adverse impact on our operations, the operations of
our customers and other business partners, and the markets and communities in which we and our customers and partners operate.
In December 2019, a novel coronavirus disease, referred to as COVID-19, was reported and has spread globally, including to every state in the United
States. On March 11, 2020, the World Health Organization declared COVID-19 a pandemic, and on March 13, 2020, the United States government declared a
national emergency with respect to COVID-19. The COVID-19 pandemic has had, and another public health crisis or epidemic in the future could have,
repercussions across local, regional and global economies and financial markets. The outbreak of COVID-19 in many countries, including the United States, has
adversely impacted global economic activity and has contributed to volatility in and negative pressure on financial markets. In response to the COVID-19
pandemic, many state, local, and foreign governments have put in place, and others in the future may put in place, travel restrictions, quarantines, shelter-in-place
orders, and similar government orders and restrictions, in an attempt to control the spread of the disease. Such restrictions or orders, or the perception that such
restrictions or orders could be implemented, have resulted in business closures, work stoppages, slowdowns and delays, work-from-home policies, and cancellation
or postponement of events, among other effects that could negatively impact our operations, as well as the operations of our customers and business partners.
These potential impacts are only amplified by the length of time they remain in place, as the cumulative effect upon our customers and their businesses may
exacerbate the potential harm to our business and results of operations.
Beginning in March 2020, in an effort to protect our employees and comply with applicable government orders, we restricted non-essential employee
travel and transitioned our employees to a remote work environment. We currently expect the majority of our employees will continue working remotely at least
through the second quarter of 2021. Our workforce has continued to effectively develop and support our product and service offerings notwithstanding the current
environment. We take the health and welfare of our people very seriously, and have encouraged safe practices designed to stem the infection and spread of
COVID-19 within our workforce and beyond and to maintain the mental health and well-being of our employees. However, if the COVID-19 pandemic requires
remote working conditions for a prolonged period of time, it could have an adverse impact on the productivity of our employees, which would harm our business
and impede our ability to achieve our strategic plan. For example, certain of our employees with younger children have been required to respond to ongoing school
closures and adapt to a distance learning environment, and may be required to continue to do so for the foreseeable future. Further, we have a limited history of
remote work and the long-term impact on, and the resulting types of continuing investments necessary for, our employee base is uncertain.
The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in a rapid rise in unemployment and a sudden decrease in global economic activity, and many businesses have
experienced, or are anticipating that they may experience, a significant negative impact on their operating results. Our inability to meet in-person with current or
prospective customers, or the cancellation or postponement of Company-sponsored events or third-party events at which our products are featured, could have a
negative impact on our customer engagement efforts, which could further impact demand in future periods. Furthermore, the demand for our products and services,
as well as our operating results, could be adversely impacted due to a number of other factors, including the following:
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customers delaying decisions to adopt our core products, or expand the use of our Value+ services, as they seek to reduce or delay spending in response to
the impacts of COVID-19 on their own businesses;
a complete or partial closure of, or other operational issues at, properties owned by our customers resulting from government restrictions or orders;
a deterioration in our ability, or the ability of our customers, to operate in affected geographic areas;
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bankruptcies or other financial difficulties facing our customers, which could cause them to delay making payments to us, or result in them terminating or
reducing their use of our core products or Value+ services;
the inability of tenants to meet their obligations to our customers, resulting in tenant evictions or the sale of properties;
the failure of key business partners to provide services needed for our efficient operations, including with respect to electronic payments and tenant
screening;
a decrease in the reliability or availability of our core products or Value+ services as a result of errors, defects or service interruptions caused by the
remote work environment;
an increase in risks related to cyber-attacks or fraud designed to exploit perceived or actual gaps in security as a result of the remote work environment;
and
a decrease in the availability or utility of our customer service organization caused by the remote work environment.
Any of the factors described above, or any number of other risks related to the COVID-19 pandemic, could disrupt our business, which could have a
material adverse impact on our business, operations and financial results. Despite recent approval and initial distribution of vaccines, both the pandemic and the
containment and mitigation measures have had and are likely to continue to have an adverse impact on the global and U.S. economies, the severity and duration of
which are uncertain. It is likely that government stabilization efforts will only partially mitigate the consequences to the economy. As such, both the pandemic and
containment and mitigation measures may adversely affect our business, operations and financial condition by, among other things, reducing demand for our core
solutions and/or Value+ services, impairing the productivity of our workforce, and reducing our access to capital. The extent to which the COVID-19 pandemic
will impact our business, financial conditions, and results of operations in the future is highly uncertain and will be affected by a number of factors. These include
the duration and extent of the pandemic, the duration and extent of imposed or recommended containment and mitigation measures, the extent, duration, and
effective execution of government stabilization and recovery efforts, including those from the successful distribution of effective vaccines.
We manage our business to achieve long-term growth, which may not be consistent with the short-term expectations of some investors.
We plan to continue to manage our business towards the achievement of long-term growth to positively impact long-term value, and not towards the
realization of short-term metrics or short-term value. We will make product decisions and pursue opportunities that may reduce our short-term operating results if
we believe that these decisions are consistent with our strategic objective to achieve long-term growth. These decisions may not be consistent with the short-term
expectations of some investors, and may cause significant fluctuations in our operating results and our stock price from period to period. In addition,
notwithstanding our intention to make strategic decisions that positively impact long-term value, the decisions we make may not produce the long-term benefits we
expect. Our principal stockholders, some of whom also serve as our directors and executive officers, control a majority of the combined voting power of our
outstanding capital stock. As a result, they control the election of a majority of our directors and thereby have the power to control our affairs and policies,
including the appointment of management and strategic decisions, as well as matters that are submitted to a vote by our holders of our common stock. The interests
of our principal stockholders may be inconsistent with or adverse to those of holders our Class A common stock.
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Failure to manage our growth effectively could adversely affect our operating results and preclude our achievement of our strategic plans.
We anticipate that we will continue to experience growth and expansion of our operations. This growth in the size, complexity and diversity of our
business has placed, and we expect it will continue to place, a significant strain on our management, administrative, operational and financial resources, as well as
our company culture. Our future success will depend, in part, on our ability to manage this growth effectively, which we expect to be more challenging in the
current environment as we seek to respond to the uncertainty and disruption caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. To manage the expected growth of our
operations, we will need to continue to develop and improve our operational and financial controls and our reporting systems and procedures, attract and retain
highly qualified and motivated personnel across our organization, and nurture and build on our company culture. Failure to effectively manage growth could
adversely impact our business, including by resulting in errors or delays in deploying new core functionality to our customers, delays or difficulties in introducing
new Value+ services or other products, declines in the quality or responsiveness of our customer service organization, exposure to legal, regulatory and operational
risks inherent in our business and resulting from any new products or services we provide to our customers or to our customers’ customers, increases in costs and
operating expenses, and other operational difficulties. If any of these risks actually occur, it could adversely affect our operating results, and preclude us from
achieving our strategic objectives.
We expect to make substantial investments across our organization to grow our business and may not sustain profitability.
In order to implement our business and growth strategy, we have made and will continue to make substantial investments across our organization and, as
a result, we expect our expenses to increase significantly and we may not be consistently profitable. For example, we intend to continue to make substantial
investments in, among other things: our research and product development organization to enhance the ease of use and functionality of our software solutions and
develop new products; our continued efforts to identify acquisition targets that enhance the depth and/or functionality of our software solutions or Value+ services;
our customer service organization to deepen our relationships with our customers and promote customer retention; our sales and marketing organization, including
expansion of our direct sales organization and marketing programs, to increase the size of our customer base and increase adoption and utilization of new and
existing Value+ services by our new and existing customers; maintaining and expanding our technology infrastructure and operational support to promote the
security and availability of our software solutions; our general and administrative functions, to support our growth and assist us in maintaining compliance with
legal, regulatory and other compliance-related obligations; and the expansion of our existing facilities, including leasing and building out additional office space, to
support our growth and strategic development. Even if we are successful in growing our customer base and increasing revenue from new and existing customers,
we may not be able to generate additional revenue in an amount that is sufficient to cover our expenses. We cannot assure you that we will continue to achieve
profitability in the near term or that we will sustain profitability on a sequential quarterly basis or over any particular period of time.
Our quarterly results may fluctuate significantly and period-to-period comparisons of our results may not be meaningful.
Our quarterly results, including the levels of our revenue, costs, operating expenses, and operating margins, may fluctuate significantly in the future, and
period-to-period comparisons of our results may not be meaningful. Accordingly, the results of any one quarter should not be relied upon as an indication of our
future performance. Our focus on managing our business towards the achievement of long-term growth, rather than the realization of short-term metrics, may also
exacerbate fluctuations in our quarterly results, which could negatively impact the value of our Class A common stock. We may incur significant losses in a
particular period for a number of reasons, and may experience significant fluctuations in our operating results from period to period. These and other factors,
including the significant disruption and uncertainty caused by the COVID-19 pandemic, combine to make it difficult for us to accurately forecast our future
operating results, which in turn makes it difficult for us to prepare accurate budgets and implement strategic plans. Furthermore, if our quarterly results fall below
the expectations of investors or any securities analysts who follow our stock, or below any financial guidance we may provide, the price of our Class A common
stock could decline substantially.
Our estimates of market opportunity are subject to significant uncertainty and, even if the markets in which we compete meet or exceed our size estimates, we
could fail to increase our revenue or market share.
We determine the level of our investment in various aspects of the business, in part, based on our market opportunity estimates. Market opportunity
estimates are subject to significant uncertainty and are based on assumptions and estimates, including our internal analysis and industry experience. Assessing the
market for industry-specific, cloud-based business management software is particularly difficult due to a number of factors, including limited available information
and rapid evolution of the market. Further, market opportunity estimates sometimes change based on relevant macro-trends and market conditions, or evolving
assessment methodologies. The disruptions and impacts caused by the COVID‑19 pandemic may ultimately require us to significantly reduce our estimates of the
market opportunities in certain markets or industry verticals, which could negatively impact our long-term growth prospects.
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Our acquisition of other companies or technologies would subject us to integration risks, as well as risks related to the financing of such acquisitions.
We have acquired, and may in the future acquire, other companies or technologies to complement or expand our software solutions, optimize our
technical capabilities, enhance our ability to compete in our targeted vertical, provide an opportunity to expand into an adjacent market or new vertical, or
otherwise offer growth or strategic opportunities. For example, in the real estate vertical, we acquired substantially all of the assets of WegoWise in 2018 and
completed the acquisition of Dynasty in 2019. The identification, investigation and negotiation of acquisitions may divert the attention of management and cause
us to incur various expenses, whether or not they are consummated. We have limited experience acquiring other businesses and we may not be able to effectively
integrate acquired assets, technologies, personnel and operations or achieve the anticipated synergies or other benefits from the acquired business due to the
inherent risks associated with acquisitions. If an acquisition fails to meet our expectations in terms of its contribution to our overall business strategy or operating
results, or if the costs of acquiring or integrating the acquired business exceed our estimates, our business, operating results and financial condition may suffer.
Acquisitions could also subject us to related financing risks. We cannot guarantee that additional financing will be available to us on favorable terms
when required, or at all. Acquisitions could result in the issuance of equity securities, which would result in immediate dilution to our stockholders and those
securities may have powers, preferences or rights senior to the rights of our Class A common stock. We may incur debt to finance acquisitions, which could
impose debt service obligations and restrictions on our ability to operate our business. Our ability to obtain additional capital for acquisitions will depend on
numerous factors, including investor and lender demand, our compliance with debt obligations, our historical and forecasted financial and operating performance,
our liquidity position, the overall condition of the capital markets, and the global economy as a whole. If we raise funds in the form of debt, we may incur interest
expense or other costs to service the debt, we may be required to encumber certain assets, and we may become subject to restrictions on our ability to conduct
business, any of which could negatively impact our operating results. Furthermore, a significant portion of the purchase price of companies we may acquire could
be allocated to goodwill and other intangible assets, which must be assessed for impairment. In the future, if our acquisitions do not yield expected returns, we may
be required to take charges to our operating results based on this impairment assessment process, which could adversely affect our operating results.
Security vulnerabilities in our software solutions or a breach of our security controls could result in the loss, theft, misuse, unauthorized disclosure, or
unauthorized access to customer or employee data, or other confidential or sensitive information, which could harm our customer and/or employee
relationships, expose us to litigation or harm our reputation.
Our business involves the storage and transmission of a significant amount of confidential and sensitive information, including the personal information
of our employees and other individuals, customer data, and our proprietary financial, operational and strategic information. In providing our software solutions, we
store and transmit large amounts of our customers’ data, including sensitive and proprietary data and personal information collected by or on behalf of our
customers. Our software solutions are typically the system of record, system of engagement and, increasingly, the system of intelligence for all or a portion of our
customers’ businesses, and the data processed through our software solutions is critical to their businesses. Like many other businesses, we have experienced, and
are continually at risk of being subject to, cyber attacks and data security incidents. As our business grows, the number of users of our software solutions, as well as
the amount of information we collect and store, is increasing, and our brands are becoming more widely recognized which makes us an even greater target for
malicious activity. There can be no assurance that the security measures we employ will prevent malicious or unauthorized access to our systems and information.
Furthermore, no security program can entirely eliminate the risk of human error, such as an employee or contractor’s failure to follow one or more security
protocols. Therefore, despite our significant efforts to keep our systems, products and networks protected and up to date, we may be unable to anticipate cyber
attacks, detect security incidents or react to them in a timely manner, or implement adequate preventive measures, any of which may expose us to a risk of loss,
litigation and potential liability. In addition, some of our third-party service providers also collect and/or store our sensitive information and our customers’ data on
our behalf, and these service providers are subject to similar threats of cyber attacks and other malicious Internet-based activities.
If our security measures, or the security measures of our third-party service providers, are breached as a result of wrongdoing or malicious activity on the
part of our employees, our partners’ employees, our customers’ employees, or any third party, or as a result of any human error or neglect, product defect or
otherwise, and this results in the loss, theft, misuse, unauthorized disclosure, or unauthorized access to customer data or other sensitive information, we could incur
liability to our customers and to individuals or organizations whose information was being stored by us or our customers, as well as fines from payment processing
networks and regulatory action by governmental bodies. If we experience a widespread security breach, we cannot be certain that our insurance coverage will be
sufficient to compensate us for liabilities actually incurred or that insurance will continue to be available to us on reasonable terms, or at all. In addition, security
breaches could result in reputational damage, adversely affect our ability to attract new customers and cause existing customers to reduce or discontinue the use of
our software solutions. Furthermore, the perception by our current or potential customers that our software solutions could be vulnerable to exploitation or that our
security measures are inadequate, even in the absence of a particular problem or threat, could reduce market acceptance of our software solutions and cause us to
lose customers. The legal and regulatory
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environment around data security and governance is significantly evolving, and both regulators and consumers are increasingly taking action on data-related
matters, which may contribute to increased reputational, economic and other harm in the event of a data security incident.
Service outages and other infrastructure performance problems could harm our reputation and adversely affect our ability to attract and retain customers.
We seek to maintain sufficient excess capacity in our technology infrastructure to meet the needs of all of our customers, including facilitating the
expansion of existing customer deployments and the provisioning of new customer deployments. We have experienced, and may in the future experience, website
disruptions, service outages and other performance problems with our technology infrastructure. These problems may be caused by a variety of factors, including
infrastructure changes, power or network outages, fire, flood or other natural disasters affecting our cloud computing platform providers, human or software errors,
viruses, security breaches, fraud or other malicious activity, spikes in customer usage and distributed denial of service attacks. If our technology infrastructure fails
to keep pace with the increased number of users and amount of data, or if we are unable to avoid service outages and performance problems, or to resolve them
quickly, this could adversely affect our ability to attract new customers, result in the loss of existing customers and harm our reputation, any or all of which could
adversely affect our business and operating results.
Errors, defects or other disruptions in our software solutions could harm our reputation, cause us to lose customers, and result in significant expenditures to
correct the problem.
Our customers use our software solutions to manage critical aspects of their businesses, and any errors, defects or other disruptions in the performance of
our software solutions, including with respect to third party partners upon which certain of our software solutions are dependent, may result in loss of or damage to
our customers’ data and disruption to our customers’ businesses, which could harm our reputation. We provide continuous updates to our software solutions and
these updates may contain undetected errors when first introduced. In the past, we have discovered errors, failures, vulnerabilities and bugs in our software updates
after they have been released, and similar problems may arise in the future. Real or perceived errors, failures, vulnerabilities or bugs in our software solutions could
result in negative publicity, reputational harm, loss of customers, delay in market acceptance of our software solutions, loss of competitive position, withholding or
delay of payment to us, claims by customers for losses sustained by them and potential litigation or regulatory action. In any such event, we may be required to
expend additional resources in order to help correct the problem or we may choose to expend additional resources to take corrective action even where not
required. The costs incurred in correcting any material errors, defects or other disruptions could be substantial and there may not be any corresponding increase in
revenue to offset these costs. In addition, we may not carry insurance sufficient to compensate us for any losses that may result from claims arising from errors,
defects or other disruptions in our software solutions.
Privacy and data security laws and regulations could impose additional costs and reduce demand for our software solutions.
We store and transmit personal information relating to our employees and other individuals, and our customers use our technology platform to store and
transmit a significant amount of personal information relating to their customers, vendors, employees and other industry participants. Federal, state and foreign
government bodies and agencies have in the past adopted, and may in the future adopt, laws and regulations regarding the collection, use, processing, storage and
disclosure of personal or identifying information obtained from customers and other individuals. For instance, the California Consumer Privacy Act created new
data privacy and security rights for California residents. Similarly, there are a number of existing and proposed laws and regulations in the European Union and the
United States at both the federal and state level, as well as other jurisdictions that could impose new obligations in areas affecting our business. These new
obligations could increase the cost and complexity of delivering our services, and divert our managements’ attention from pursuing strategic objectives.
In addition to government regulation, privacy advocates and industry groups may propose various self-regulatory standards that may legally or
contractually apply to our business. As new laws, regulations and industry standards take effect, and as we expand into new jurisdictions, adjacent markets or,
potentially, verticals consistent with our strategic plan, we will need to understand and comply with various new requirements, which may result in significant
additional costs. These laws, regulations and industry standards could have negative effects on our business, including by increasing our costs and operating
expenses, and/or delaying or impeding our deployment of new or existing core functionality or Value+ services. Failure to comply with these laws, regulations and
industry standards could result in negative publicity, subject us to fines or penalties, expose us to litigation, or result in demands that we modify or cease existing
business practices. In addition, the costs of compliance with, and other burdens imposed by, such laws, regulations and industry standards may adversely affect our
customers’ ability or desire to collect, use, process and store personal information using our software solutions, which could reduce overall demand for them.
Furthermore, privacy and data security concerns may cause our customers’ clients, vendors, employees and other industry participants to resist providing the
personal information necessary to allow our customers to use our applications effectively. Any of these outcomes could adversely affect our business and operating
results.
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We face risks in our electronic payment services business that could adversely affect our business and/or operating results.
In our electronic payments services business, we facilitate the processing of both inbound and outbound payments for our customers. These payments are
settled through our sponsoring clearing bank, card payment processors, and other third-party electronic payment services providers that we may contract with from
time to time. Our electronic payment services subject us to a number of risks, including, but not limited to, liability for customer costs related to disputed or
fraudulent transactions and other incidences of fraud in our electronic payment services ecosystem. In the event that we are found to be in violation of our legal,
regulatory or contractual requirements, we may be subject to monetary fines or penalties, cease-and-desist orders, mandatory product changes, or other liabilities
that could have an adverse effect on our operating results. Additionally, with respect to the processing of electronic payment transactions by our third-party
electronic payment services providers, we are exposed to financial risk. Electronic payment transactions between our customer and another user may be returned
for various reasons such as insufficient funds, fraud or stop payment orders. If we or our electronic payment services provider is unable to collect such amounts
from the customer’s account, we bear the ultimate risk of loss for the transaction amount. Further, there is an overarching risk stemming from the potential
widespread adoption of quickly evolving financial technology products, including, for example, blockchain or other distributed ledger technologies, that could
materially impact the manner in which payments are processed, the mix of payment methodologies conventionally utilized by payors and payees, and the
regulatory framework applicable to such payments. The adoption of disruptive financial technologies could significantly reduce the volume of our electronic
payment services business and/or change the transaction costs associated with those payments, thereby reducing our revenue and increasing our associated
expenses, which could materially impact our business, financial condition, and operating results.
Evolution and expansion of our electronic payment services may subject us to additional risks and regulatory requirements.
The evolution and expansion of our electronic payment services may subject us to additional risks and regulatory requirements, including, without
limitation, laws and regulations governing money transmission and anti-money laundering. These requirements vary throughout the markets in which we operate,
and several jurisdictions lack clarity with respect to the application and interpretation of these rules. Our efforts to comply with these rules could require significant
management time and effort, as well as significant expenditures, and will not guarantee our compliance with all regulatory requirements, especially given that the
applicable regulatory frameworks are constantly changing and subject to evolving interpretation. While we maintain a compliance program focused on applicable
laws and regulations throughout our applicable industries, there is no guarantee that we will not be subject to fines, penalties or other regulatory actions in one or
more jurisdictions, or be required to adjust our business practices to accommodate future regulatory requirements.
We face risks in our tenant screening services business that could adversely affect our business and/or operating results.
Our tenant screening services business is subject to a number of complex laws that are subject to varying interpretations, including the FCRA and related
regulations. The FCRA has recently been the subject of multiple class-based litigation proceedings, as well as numerous regulatory inquiries and enforcement
actions. In addition, entities such as the FTC and the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau ("CFPB") have the authority to promulgate rules and regulations that
may impact our customers and our business. Although we attempt to structure our tenant screening services to comply with the relevant laws and regulations, we
may be found to be in violation of them and we may be subject to routine regulatory inquiries, enforcement actions, class-based litigation or indemnity demands.
As previously disclosed, we received a Civil Investigative Demand from the FTC in December 2018 requesting certain information relating to our
compliance with the FCRA in connection with our tenant screening services business (the "FTC Investigation"). On April 30, 2020, the FTC staff informed us of
its belief that there is a reasonable basis for asserting claims against us for our alleged failure to comply with certain sections of the FCRA that could result in
monetary penalty and injunctive relief. Notwithstanding our disagreement with the FTC's position and vigorous defense of our position, and primarily in an effort
to avoid protracted litigation and potential distraction to our business, we entered into settlement negotiations with the FTC in an effort to resolve all claims and
allegations arising out of or relating to the FTC Investigation. Those settlement negotiations resulted in a final agreement between the parties that is memorialized
in a Stipulated Order for Permanent Injunction and Civil Penalty Judgment filed in the United States District Court for the District of Columbia on January 12,
2021. We admitted no wrongdoing in connection with the settlement.
In the second quarter of 2020, we determined that a loss stemming from the FTC Investigation was probable and that a reasonable estimate of the loss was
approximately $4.3 million. Accordingly, an accrual of $4.3 million is included within accrued expenses on our Consolidated Balance Sheet as of December 31,
2020. The ultimate settlement amount of approximately $4.3 million was paid in January 2021.
In addition, we received a Request for Information from the DOJ in July 2019 requesting certain information relating to our compliance with the SCRA in
connection with our tenant screening services business. On November 6, 2020, the DOJ issued a no action letter, declining to take any action against us and closing
its investigation.
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Due to the large number of tenant screening transactions in which we participate, our potential liability in any enforcement action or a class action lawsuit
could have a material impact on our business, especially given that certain applicable laws and regulations provide for fines or penalties on a per occurrence basis.
The existence of any such enforcement action or class action lawsuit, whether meritorious or not, may adversely affect our ability to attract customers, result in the
loss of existing customers, harm our reputation and cause us to incur defense costs or other expenses.
We use third-party service providers for electronic payment and tenant screening services, and their failure to fulfill their contractual obligations could harm
our reputation, disrupt our business and adversely affect our operating results.
We use third-party electronic payment services providers to enable us to provide electronic payment services, and third-party tenant screening services
providers to enable us to provide tenant screening services such as background and credit checks to our customers. In some cases, functions necessary to our
business are performed on proprietary third-party systems and software to which we have no access. The failure of these service providers to provide us with
accurate and timely information, to fulfill their contractual obligations to us, or to renew their contracts with us, could result in direct liability to us, harm our
reputation, result in significant disruptions to our business, and adversely affect our operating results.
Our corporate culture has contributed to our success and, if we cannot continue to foster this culture as we grow, we could lose the passion, creativity,
teamwork, focus and innovation fostered by our culture.
We believe that our culture has been and will continue to be a key contributor to our success. If we do not continue to develop our corporate culture or
maintain our core values as we grow and evolve, we may be unable to foster the passion, creativity, teamwork, focus and innovation we believe we need to support
our growth. Any failure to preserve our culture could negatively affect our ability to recruit and retain personnel and to effectively focus on and pursue our
strategic objectives. Moreover, liquidity available to our employee security holders could lead to disparities of wealth among our employees, which could
adversely impact relations among employees and our culture in general. As we grow and mature as a public company, we may find it difficult to maintain our
corporate culture. This difficulty will only be exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic, which has resulted in travel restrictions, quarantines, shelter-in-place orders
and similar government orders and restrictions that collectively make it more difficult for employees to interact, communicate and innovate.
We depend on highly skilled personnel and, if we are unable to retain or hire additional qualified personnel or if we lose key members of our management
team, we may not be able to achieve our strategic objectives and our business may be harmed.
Our success and future growth depend, in part, upon the continued services of our executive officers and other key employees. There may be changes in
our executive officers or other key employees resulting from the hiring or departure of these personnel, which may disrupt our business. The loss of one or more of
our executive officers or other key employees could have an adverse effect on our business. In addition, to execute our growth plan and achieve our strategic
objectives, we must continue to attract and retain highly qualified and motivated personnel across our organization. In particular, in order to continue to enhance
our software solutions, add new and innovative core functionality and/or Value+ services, as well as develop new products, it will be critical for us to increase the
size of our research and product development organization, including hiring highly skilled software engineers. Competition for software engineers is intense within
our industry and there continues to be upward pressure on the compensation paid to these professionals. Further, in order for us to achieve broader market
acceptance of our software solutions, grow our customer base, and pursue adjacent markets and, potentially, new verticals consistent with our strategic plan, we
will need to continue to increase the size of our sales and marketing and customer service and support organizations. Identifying, recruiting, training and retaining
qualified personnel is difficult and requires a significant investment of time and resources.
Many of the companies with which we compete for experienced personnel have greater name recognition and financial resources than we have. In
addition, our headquarters are located in Santa Barbara, California, which is not generally recognized as a prominent commercial center, and it is challenging to
attract qualified professionals due to our geographic location. As a result, we may have even greater difficulty hiring and retaining skilled personnel than our
competitors. If we hire employees from other companies, their former employers may attempt to assert that we or these employees have breached their legal
obligations, resulting in a diversion of our time and resources. In addition, prospective and existing employees often consider the value of the equity awards they
receive in connection with their employment. If the perceived value of our equity awards declines, or if the price of our Class A common stock experiences
significant volatility, this may adversely affect our ability to recruit and retain highly skilled employees. If we are unable to attract and retain the personnel
necessary to execute our growth plan, we may be unable to achieve our strategic objectives and our operating results may suffer.
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The vertical market in which we participate is intensely competitive and our business could be harmed if we do not compete effectively.
The overall market for cloud-based business management software is global, highly competitive and continually evolving in response to a number of
factors, including changes in technology, operational requirements, and laws and regulations. While we focus on providing industry-specific, cloud-based business
management software solutions to the real estate vertical, we compete with other vertical cloud-based solution providers, as well as with horizontal cloud-based
solution providers that provide broad cloud-based solutions across multiple verticals. Our competitors include established vertical software vendors, as well as
newer entrants in the market. We also face competition from numerous cloud-based solution providers that focus almost exclusively on one or more point
solutions. Continued consolidation among cloud-based providers could lead to significantly increased competition. Many of our competitors and potential
competitors are larger and have greater name recognition, longer operating histories, and significantly greater resources. As a result, our competitors may be able to
respond more quickly and effectively to new or changing opportunities, technologies, operational requirements and industry standards, as well as to new challenges
such as those resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic. In addition, our current and potential competitors may develop, market and sell new technologies with
comparable functionality to our software solutions, which could cause us to lose customers, slow the rate of growth of new customers and/or cause us to decrease
our prices in order to remain competitive. For all of these reasons, we may not be able to compete effectively against our current and future competitors, which
could harm our business.
As the markets for our existing software solutions mature, or as current and future competitors introduce new products or services that compete with ours,
we may experience pricing pressure and be unable to renew our subscription agreements with existing customers or increase adoption and usage of our Value+
services, or attract new customers at prices that are consistent with our current pricing model and operating budget. We may ultimately have to change our pricing
model or offer pricing incentives which may adversely affect our revenue even if adoption and utilization remain constant. Changes to our pricing model could
harm our customer retention rates and our ability to attract new customers, whether in connection with our core solutions or our Value+ services, which could
adversely affect our operating results.
Business management software for small and medium-sized businesses ("SMBs") is an evolving market. If the market is smaller than estimated or the
transition to or between cloud-based business management software slows, our operating results could be adversely affected.
We provide cloud-based business management software for SMBs in the real estate vertical and will assess entry into new or adjacent markets consistent
with our strategic plan. Our success will depend, in part, on the continued widespread adoption by SMBs of cloud-based business management software. The
market for industry-specific, cloud-based business management software for SMBs, both generally, and specifically within the real estate market, is evolving and is
relatively small. The continued expansion of this market depends on numerous factors, including the cost and perceived value associated with cloud-based business
management software relative to disparate point solutions, the willingness of SMBs to transition from their existing software systems or otherwise alter their
existing businesses practices, and the ability of cloud-based solution providers to address security, privacy, availability and other concerns. If the widespread
adoption of cloud-based business management software by SMBs does not continue, our revenue may increase at a slower rate than we expect and may even
decline, which could adversely affect our operating results. In addition, it is difficult to estimate the rate at which SMBs will be willing to transition to or between
vertical cloud-based business management software in any particular period, which makes it difficult to estimate the overall size and growth rate of the market for
cloud-based business management software at any point in time or to forecast revenue growth or market share. This transition rate may be negatively impacted by
the COVID-19 pandemic as customers may delay decisions to adopt our core products, or expand the use of our Value+ services, as they seek to reduce or delay
spending within their businesses.
If we are unable to increase sales of our software solutions to larger customers while mitigating the risks associated with serving such customers, our business
and operating results may suffer.
While we plan to continue to market and sell our software solutions to smaller companies or firms, our growth strategy is dependent, in part, upon
increasing sales of our software solutions to larger customers within the real estate vertical. Sales to larger customers may involve risks that are not present, or are
present to a lesser extent, in sales to smaller businesses. As we seek to increase our sales to larger customers, we may invest considerably greater amounts of time
and financial resources in our sales and marketing efforts. In addition, we may face longer sales cycles and experience less predictability and greater competition in
completing some of our sales. Our ability to sell our software solutions to larger customers may be dependent, in part, on our ability to develop functionality, or to
implement pricing policies, that are unique to particular customers or are necessary for success in a market segment dominated by larger customers. Also, because
security breaches or other performance problems with respect to larger customers may result in greater economic harm to these customers and more adverse
publicity, there is increased financial and reputational risk associated with serving such customers. If we are unable to increase sales of our software solutions to
larger customers, while mitigating the risks associated with serving such customers, our business and operating results may suffer.
If we are unable to introduce successful enhancements, including new and innovative core functionality and/or Value+ services, or new products for adjacent
markets or additional verticals, our operating results could be adversely affected.
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The software industry is characterized by rapid technological advances, changing industry standards, evolving customer requirements and intense
competition. Our ability to attract new customers, increase revenue from our existing customers, and expand into adjacent markets or, potentially, new verticals
depends, in part, on our ability to enhance the functionality of our existing software solutions by introducing new and innovative core functionality and/or Value+
services that keep pace with technological developments and address the evolving business needs of our customers. In addition, our growth over the long-term
depends, in part, on our ability to introduce new products for adjacent markets and, potentially, additional verticals that we identify through our market validation
process consistent with our strategic plan. Market acceptance of our current and future software solutions will depend on numerous factors, including the pricing of
our software solutions relative to competitive products, perceptions about the security, privacy and availability of our software solutions relative to competitive
products, and the time-to-market of our updates and enhancements to our core functionality, Value+ services and products. If we are unable to successfully
enhance the functionality of our existing software solutions and timely develop or acquire new products that gain market acceptance in adjacent markets and
additional verticals consistent with our strategic plan, our revenue may increase at a slower rate than we expect and may even decline, which could adversely affect
our operating results.
Our business depends substantially on existing customers renewing their subscriptions with us and expanding their use of our Value+ services, and a decline
in either could adversely impact our operating results.
In order for us to maintain or increase our revenue and improve our operating results, it is important that our existing customers continue to pay
subscription fees for the use of our core solutions, which tend to incrementally rise over time, as well as increase their adoption and utilization of our Value+
services. We cannot assure you that our customers will renew their subscriptions with us, that our existing customers will continue to broaden their adoption and
utilization of our Value+ services, or that they will use our Value+ services at all. If our existing customers do not renew their subscriptions and increase their
adoption and utilization of our existing or newly developed Value+ services, our revenue may increase at a slower rate than we expect and may even decline,
which could adversely impact our financial condition and operating results. The loss of our existing customers could have a significant impact on our reputation
and our ability to acquire new customers cost-effectively via word-of-mouth. A reduction in the number of our existing customers, even if offset by an increase in
new customers, could reduce our revenue and operating margins. We may need to employ increasingly costly sales and marketing efforts and make significant
investments in research and product development to introduce Value+ services that ultimately are not broadly adopted by our customers. In either of those cases,
we could incur significantly increased costs without a corresponding increase in revenue. Furthermore, we may fail to identify Value+ services that our customers
need for their businesses, in which case we could miss opportunities to increase our revenue. We may experience lower rates of subscription renewals, as well as
lower rates of adoption and utilization of Value+ services, as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic as customers may seek to reduce or delay spending within their
businesses.
All of our revenues are presently generated by sales to customers and users in the real estate vertical, and factors that adversely affect that vertical, or our
customers or users within it, could also adversely affect us.
We expect that our real estate customers and users will continue to account for a significant portion or all of our revenue for the foreseeable future.
Demand for our software solutions and services could be affected by factors that are unique to and adversely affect the real estate vertical and our customers and
users within it. If the vertical itself declines, our customers may decide not to renew their subscriptions or they may cease using our Value+ services in order to
reduce costs to remain competitive. Further, we could lose real estate customers as a result of acquisitions or consolidations within the real estate vertical,
bankruptcies or other financial difficulties facing our real estate customers, new or enhanced legal or regulatory regimes that negatively impact the real estate
vertical, and conditions or trends specific to the real estate vertical such as the economic factors that impact the rental market. It is possible that the significant
increase in unemployment rates, regulation and financial uncertainty caused by the COVID-19 pandemic could have a disproportionate impact on businesses
within the real estate vertical, which may, in turn, disproportionately affect our customers and users and, therefore, our business, financial condition and operating
results. In addition to the foregoing risks, there is an overarching risk stemming from potential widespread adoption of quickly evolving financial or other
disruptive technology products that could significantly impact the real estate vertical, even if the disruptive technology is not specifically designed to apply directly
to it. The adoption of these new technologies could significantly reduce the volume or demand of our customers and users, thereby reducing our revenue, which
could materially impact our business, financial condition and operating results.
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Our growth depends in part on our strategic relationships with third parties and, if we are unsuccessful in establishing or maintaining these relationships, our
ability to compete in our targeted markets or grow our revenue could be impaired.
In order to grow our business, we anticipate that we will continue to depend on our relationships with third parties, including cloud computing service
providers, electronic payment, tenant screening and insurance services providers, and other third parties that support delivery of our software solutions. Identifying
partners, negotiating agreements and maintaining relationships requires significant time and resources. Our competitors may be more effective than us in cost-
effectively building relationships with third parties that enhance their products and services, allow them to provide more competitive pricing, or offer other benefits
to their customers. In addition, acquisitions of our partners by our competitors or others could result in a decrease in the number of current and potential strategic
partners willing to establish or maintain relationships with us, and could increase the price at which products or services are available to us. If we are unsuccessful
in establishing or maintaining our relationships with third parties, our ability to compete in the marketplace or to grow our revenue could be impaired, which could
negatively impact our operating results.
We depend on cloud computing platforms and computing infrastructure operated by third parties and any disruption in these operations could adversely affect
our operating results.
We currently rely on cloud computing resources operated by Amazon Web Services and other third party cloud computing service providers to power the
products and services that we provide to our customers. These cloud computing service providers may experience service interruptions that are outside of our
control, possibly even across multiple regions, which could adversely affect our business. Furthermore, they may not be able to provide us with additional
computing resources needed to scale our infrastructure ahead of our growing customer base. If any of these issues arise, we may be required to migrate our cloud
computing resources, or add new computing resources, to other cloud computing service providers. It may require significant effort to migrate all of our services to
a different region if we are forced to recover from a regional, or multi-regional, outage by any of our cloud computing service providers. Problems faced by any of
these service providers with whom we contract, or changes in service levels provided by them, could adversely affect the experience of our customers, result in loss
of or damage to our customers’ stored information, which could harm our reputation, impair our ability to attract and retain customers, and subject us to potential
liability, any of which could adversely affect our operating results.
Our platform must integrate with a variety of devices, operating systems and browsers that are developed by others, and if we are unable to ensure that our
software solutions interoperate with such devices, operating systems and browsers, our software solutions may become less competitive and our operating
results may be harmed.
We offer our software solutions across a variety of operating systems and through the Internet. We depend on the interoperability of our platform with
third party devices, desktop and mobile operating systems, as well as web browsers that we do not control. Any changes in such devices, systems or web browsers
that degrade the functionality of our software solutions or give preferential treatment to competitive services could adversely affect the adoption and usage of our
software solutions. In addition, in order to deliver high quality software solutions, we will need to continuously enhance and modify our functionality to keep pace
with changes in Internet-related hardware, mobile operating systems such as iOS and Android, browsers and other software, communication, network and database
technologies. We may not be successful in developing enhancements and modifications that operate effectively with these devices, operating systems, web
browsers and other technologies or in bringing them to market in a timely manner. Furthermore, uncertainties regarding the timing or nature of new network
platforms or technologies, and modifications to existing platforms or technologies, could increase our research and product development expenses. In the event that
it is difficult for our customers to access and use our software solutions, our software solutions may become less competitive, and our operating results could be
adversely affected.
If our property management customers stop requiring residents to provide proof of legal liability to landlord insurance, if insurance premiums decline or if
insureds experience greater than expected losses, our operating results could be harmed.
We generate revenue by offering legal liability to landlord insurance through a wholly owned subsidiary. Some of our property management customers
require residents to provide proof of legal liability to landlord insurance and offer to enroll residents in their legal liability to landlord insurance policy. If demand
for rental housing declines, or if our property management customers believe that it may decline, these customers may reduce their rental rates and stop requiring
residents to provide proof of legal liability to landlord insurance in order to reduce the overall cost of renting and make their rental offerings more competitive. If
our property management customers stop requiring residents to provide proof of legal liability to landlord insurance or elect to enroll residents in insurance
programs offered by competing providers, or if insurance premiums otherwise decline, our revenues from insurance services could be adversely affected.
Additionally, we underwrite our legal liability to landlord insurance policies, and we are required by our insurance partner to maintain a reserve to cover potential
claims under the policies. While our policies have per-occurrence limits, there is no limit on the dollar amount of claims that could be made against us in any
particular period or in the aggregate. In the event that claims by the insureds increase unexpectedly, our reserve may not be sufficient to cover our resulting liability
under the policies. If we are required to pay out significantly higher amounts to insureds than our current reserves, this could have a material adverse impact on our
operating results.
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Our insurance business is subject to state governmental regulation, which could limit the growth of our insurance business and impose additional costs on us.
Our insurance-related wholly owned subsidiaries and third-party service providers maintain licenses with a number of individual state departments of
insurance. Collectively, we are subject to state governmental regulation and supervision in connection with the operation of our insurance business, which includes
both our legal liability to landlord insurance and renters insurance businesses. Such supervision could limit the growth of our insurance business by increasing the
costs of regulatory compliance, limiting or restricting the products or services we provide or the methods by which we provide them, and subjecting us to
regulatory actions or proceedings. Our continued ability to maintain these insurance licenses in the jurisdictions in which we are licensed depends on our
compliance with the rules and regulations promulgated from time to time by the regulatory authorities in each of these jurisdictions. Furthermore, we are routinely
subject to periodic state examinations, audits and investigations of the affairs of insurance companies and agencies, any of which could result in the expenditure of
significant management time or financial resources. Generally, such authorities are vested with relatively broad discretion to grant, renew and revoke licenses and
approvals and to implement and interpret rules and regulations. Accordingly, we may be precluded or temporarily suspended from carrying on some or all of the
activities of our insurance business or otherwise be fined or penalized. No assurances can be given that our insurance business can continue to be conducted in any
given jurisdiction as it has been conducted in the past or that we will be able to expand our insurance business in the future.
If we are unable to deliver effective customer service and/or effectively maintain and promote our brands, it could harm our relationships with our existing
customers and adversely affect our ability to attract new customers and our operating results.
Our business depends, in part, on our ability to satisfy our customers, both by providing software solutions that address their business needs, and by
providing onboarding services and ongoing customer service. Once our software solutions are deployed, our customers depend on our customer service
organization to resolve technical issues relating to their use of our solutions. As we do not separately charge our customers for support services, increased demand
for our support services would increase costs without corresponding revenue, which could adversely affect our operating results. Further, our sales process is
highly dependent on the ease of use of our software solutions, our reputation and positive recommendations from our existing customers. Any failure to maintain
high-quality or responsive customer service, or a market perception that we do not maintain high-quality or responsive customer service, could harm our
reputation, cause us to lose customers and adversely impact our ability to sell our software solutions to prospective customers.
We believe that maintaining and promoting our brands is critical to achieving widespread awareness and acceptance of our software solutions, and
maintaining and expanding our customer base. We also believe that the importance of brand recognition will increase as competition in the real estate vertical
increases. If we do not continue to build awareness of our brands, we could be placed at a competitive disadvantage as compared to companies whose brands are,
or become, more recognizable than ours. Maintaining and promoting our brands will depend, in part, on our ability to continue to provide new and innovative core
functionality and Value+ services and best-in-class customer service, as well as the effectiveness of our sales and marketing efforts. If we fail to deliver products
and functionality that address our customers’ business needs, or if we fail to meet our customers’ expectations for customer service, it could weaken our brands and
harm our reputation. Maintaining and enhancing our brands may require us to make substantial investments, and these investments may not result in commensurate
increases in our revenue. If we fail to successfully maintain and promote our brands, or if we make investments that are not offset by increased revenue, our
operating results could be adversely affected.
Failure to protect our intellectual property rights could impair our ability to protect our proprietary technology and our brands, which could harm our
business.
We currently rely on patent, trademark, copyright and trade secret laws, trade secret protection and confidentiality or license agreements with our
employees, customers, partners and others to protect our intellectual property rights. Our success and ability to compete depend, in part, on our ability to continue
to protect our intellectual property, including our proprietary technology and our brands. If we are unable to protect our proprietary rights adequately, our
competitors could use the intellectual property we have developed to enhance their own products and services, which could harm our business. In order to monitor
and protect our intellectual property rights, we may be required to expend significant resources. Litigation brought to protect and enforce our intellectual property
rights could be costly, time-consuming and distracting to management, and could result in the impairment or loss of portions of our intellectual property or require
us to pay costly royalties. Furthermore, our efforts to enforce our intellectual property rights may be met with defenses, counterclaims and countersuits attacking
the validity and enforceability of our intellectual property rights. Accordingly, we may not be able to prevent third parties from infringing upon or misappropriating
our intellectual property. Our failure to secure, protect and enforce our intellectual property rights could adversely affect our business and operating results.
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We may be sued by third parties for alleged infringement of their proprietary rights, which could cause us to incur significant expenses and require us to pay
substantial damages.
Our success depends, in part, on our not infringing upon the intellectual property rights of others. Our competitors, as well as a number of other entities
and individuals, may legally own or claim to own intellectual property relating to our technology or software solutions, including without limitation technology we
develop and build internally and/or acquire. From time to time, our competitors or other third parties may claim that we are infringing upon their intellectual
property rights. Any claims or litigation, regardless of merit, could cause us to incur significant expenses and, if successfully asserted against us, could require that
we pay substantial damages, settlement costs or ongoing royalty payments, require that we comply with other unfavorable license and other terms, or prevent us
from offering our software solutions in their current form. Even if the claims do not result in litigation or are resolved in our favor, these claims, and the time and
resources necessary to resolve them, could divert the attention of our management and key personnel from our business operations and harm our operating results.
Our software solutions contain both third-party and open source software, which may pose risks to our proprietary source code and/or introduce security
vulnerabilities, and could have a negative impact on our business and operating results.
We use open source software in our software solutions and expect to continue to do so in the future. The terms of many open source licenses to which we
are subject have not been interpreted by United States or foreign courts, and there is a risk that open source licenses could be construed in a manner that imposes
unanticipated conditions, restrictions or costs on our ability to provide or distribute our software solutions. Additionally, we may from time to time face claims
from third parties alleging ownership of, or demanding release of, the open source software or of derivative works that we developed using such software, which
could include our proprietary source code, or otherwise seeking to enforce the terms of the applicable open source license. These claims could result in litigation,
which could be costly for us to defend, and could require us to make our source code freely available, purchase a costly license or cease offering the implicated
functionality unless and until we can re-engineer them to avoid infringement. This re-engineering process could require significant additional research and product
development resources, and we may not be able to complete it successfully or in a timely manner. In addition to risks related to license requirements, usage of
certain open source software can lead to greater risks than use of third-party commercial software, as open source licensors generally do not provide warranties or
controls on the origin of software. We also use third-party commercial software in our software solutions and expect to continue to do so in the future. Third-party
commercial software is developed outside of our direct control and may introduce security vulnerabilities that may be difficult to anticipate or mitigate. Further,
there is no guarantee that third-party software developers or open source software providers will continue active work on the third-party software that we use.
Should development of in-use third-party software cease, significant engineering effort may be required to create an in-house solution. These risks could also be
difficult to eliminate or manage, and could have a negative impact on our business and operating results.
There are risks associated with potential future indebtedness that may adversely affect our financial condition and future financing agreements may contain
restrictive operating and financial covenants.
We may incur additional indebtedness in the future and/or enter into new financing arrangements. Our ability to meet expenses, to remain in compliance
with the covenants under any future debt instruments, and to pay fees, interest and principal on our indebtedness will depend on, among other things, our operating
performance and market conditions. Accordingly, our cash flow may not be sufficient to allow us to pay principal and interest on future indebtedness and meet our
other business and customer obligations.
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Our ability to use our net operating loss carryforwards and certain other tax attributes may be limited.
At December 31, 2020, we had state net operating loss carryforwards of $46.5 million, which will begin to expire in 2028. At December 31, 2020, we also
had federal and state research and development credit carryforwards of $4.1 million and $11.5 million, respectively. The federal credit carryforwards will begin to
expire in 2040, while the state credit carryforwards apply indefinitely. Under Section 382 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, if a corporation
undergoes an “ownership change,” the corporation’s ability to use its pre-change net operating loss carryforwards and other pre-change tax attributes, such as
research tax credits, to offset its post-change income and taxes may be limited. In general, an “ownership change” occurs if there is a cumulative change in our
ownership by “5% shareholders” that exceeds 50% over a rolling three-year period. Similar rules may apply under state tax laws. It is possible that our existing net
operating loss and/or credit carryforwards may be subject to limitations arising from previous ownership changes, and future issuances of our stock could cause an
ownership change. Furthermore, our ability to utilize net operating loss and/or credit carryforwards of companies that we have acquired or may acquire in the
future may be subject to limitations. There is also a risk that due to legislative changes, such as suspensions on the use of net operating loss carryforwards, or other
unforeseen reasons, our existing net operating loss carryforwards could expire or otherwise be unavailable to offset future income tax liabilities.
Our business may be adversely affected by developments in the global economy, including if we seek to expand our sales to customers outside of the United
States.
To date, we have realized an immaterial amount of revenue from customers outside the United States. We may nonetheless be affected by economic,
regulatory or other developments in the global economy or particular countries, such as China, because certain of our customers’ businesses may be based in or
have significant ties to international jurisdictions. This may, for example, affect our ability to meet customer requirements in a cost-effective manner or the ability
of our customers to expand their relationships with us. Furthermore, to the extent that we seek to expand our operations to international markets, such expansion
will require significant resources and management attention and will subject us to additional regulatory, economic, geographic and political risks. Because of our
limited experience with international operations and significant differences between the United States and international markets, any international expansion efforts
may not be successful in creating demand for our software solutions outside of the United States or in effectively selling our software solutions in any international
markets we may enter. The significant disruptions caused by the COVID-19 pandemic, especially in certain countries in the European Union and Asia, could have
a prolonged negative impact on our ability to expand our sales to customers outside the United States. If we invest substantial time and resources to expand our
international operations and are unable to do so successfully, our business and operating results could suffer.
Risks Related to Our Class A Common Stock
The market price of our Class A common stock may be volatile or may decline regardless of our operating performance, which could result in substantial
losses for our stockholders.
The market price of our Class A common stock has been, and is likely to continue to be, highly volatile, and fluctuations in the price of our Class A
common stock could cause you to lose all or part of your investment. There are a wide variety of factors, many of which are outside our control, that could cause
fluctuations in the market price of our Class A common stock and, in the past, following periods of volatility in the overall market and the market price of a
particular company’s securities, securities class action litigation has often been instituted against these companies. If instituted against us, any such litigation,
regardless of its merit or final outcome, could result in substantial costs and a diversion of our management’s attention, thereby adversely affecting our operating
results and/or the price of our Class A common stock.
The dual class structure of our common stock concentrates voting control with a limited number of stockholders, including our executive officers, directors
and principal stockholders, effectively limiting your ability to influence corporate matters.
Our Class B common stock has 10 votes per share, and our Class A common stock has one vote per share. As of December 31, 2020, the holders of the
outstanding shares of our Class B common stock, including our executive officers, directors, and principal stockholders, collectively held approximately 90% of
the combined voting power of our outstanding capital stock. Because of the 10-to-1 voting ratio between our Class B common stock and Class A common stock,
the holders of our Class B common stock collectively control a majority of the combined voting power of our outstanding capital stock and therefore control the
election of a majority of our directors and thereby have the power to control our affairs and policies, including the appointment of management and strategic
decisions, as well as matters that are submitted to a vote by our holders of our common stock. The interests of our principal stockholders may be inconsistent with
or adverse to those of holders our Class A common stock. This concentrated control may also have the effect of delaying, deterring or preventing a change-in-
control transaction, depriving our stockholders of an opportunity to receive a premium for their capital stock or negatively affecting the market price of our Class A
common stock. In addition, transfers by holders of our Class B common stock will generally result in those shares converting to Class A common stock, subject to
limited exceptions. The conversion of our Class B common stock to Class A common stock will have the effect, over time, of increasing the relative voting power
of the holders of our Class B common stock who retain their shares over the long term.
23
We cannot predict the impact that our capital structure may have on our stock price.
S&P Dow Jones, a provider of widely followed stock indices, has announced that companies with multiple classes of stock will not be eligible for
inclusion in certain of their indices. As a result, our Class A common stock will not be eligible for those stock indices. Additionally, FTSE Russell, another
provider of widely followed stock indices, requires new constituents of its indices to have at least five percent of their voting rights in the hands of public
stockholders. Many investment funds are precluded from investing in companies that are not included in such indices, and these funds would be unable to purchase
our Class A common stock. Exclusion from these and other indices could make our Class A common stock less attractive to investors and, as a result, the market
price of our Class A common stock could be adversely affected. In addition, several shareholder advisory firms have announced their opposition to the use of
multiple class structures. As a result, shareholder advisory firms may publish negative commentary about our corporate governance practices or otherwise seek to
cause us to change our capital structure. Any actions or publications by shareholder advisory firms critical of our corporate governance practices or capital
structure could also adversely affect the value of our Class A common stock.
Future sales of shares of our Class A common stock, or the perception that these sales could occur, could depress the market price of our Class A common
stock.
Sales of a substantial number of shares of our Class A common stock in the public market, or the perception that these sales might occur, could cause the
market price of our Class A common stock to decline or make it more difficult for you to sell your Class A common stock at a time and price that you deem
appropriate, and could impair our ability to raise capital through the sale of additional equity securities. We are unable to predict the effect that sales, or the
perception that our shares may be available for sale, will have on the prevailing market price of our Class A common stock. As of December 31, 2020, we had an
aggregate of 1.2 million options outstanding that, if fully exercised, would result in the issuance of additional shares of Class A common stock or Class B common
stock, as applicable. Our Class B common stock converts into Class A common stock on a one-for-one basis. In addition, as of December 31, 2020, we had 0.5
million RSUs, outstanding which, if fully vested and settled in shares, would result in the issuance of additional shares of Class A common stock. All of the shares
of Class A common stock issuable upon the exercise of options (or upon conversion of shares of Class B common stock issued upon the exercise of options), or
upon the vesting and settlement of RSUs, have been registered for public resale under the Securities Act. Accordingly, these shares will be able to be freely sold in
the public market upon issuance. In addition, certain holders of our Class A common stock and Class B common stock have rights, subject to certain conditions, to
require us to file registration statements for the public resale of such shares (in the case of Class B common stock, the Class A common stock issuable upon
conversion of such shares) or to include such shares in registration statements that we may file for us or other stockholders. Any sales of securities by these
stockholders could have a material adverse effect on the market price of our Class A common stock.
We do not expect to declare any dividends in the foreseeable future and may repurchase stock in accordance with our Share Repurchase Program.
We have never declared, and we do not anticipate declaring or paying, any cash dividends to holders of our Class A common stock in the foreseeable
future. In addition, the terms of our future borrowing arrangements we may enter into from time to time may restrict our ability to pay dividends. Consequently,
investors may need to rely on sales of our Class A common stock after price appreciation, which may never occur, as the only way to realize any future gains on
their investment.
Price appreciation, which may never occur, may be further impacted by repurchases of our shares in accordance with our Share Repurchase Program.
Repurchases of our shares could increase the volatility of the trading price of our shares, which could have a negative impact on the trading price of our shares.
Similarly, the future announcement of the termination or suspension of the Share Repurchase Program, or our decision not to utilize the full authorized repurchase
amount under the Share Repurchase Program, could result in a decrease in the trading price of our shares. In addition, the Share Repurchase Program could have
the impact of diminishing our cash reserves, which may impact our ability to finance our growth, complete acquisitions and execute our strategic plan. For
additional information regarding our Share Repurchase Program, refer to Note 12, Stockholders' Equity, of our Consolidated Financial Statements.
General Risk Factors
Anti-takeover provisions contained in our amended and restated certificate of incorporation and amended and restated bylaws, as well as provisions of
Delaware law, could impair a takeover attempt.
Our amended and restated certificate of incorporation and our amended and restated bylaws contain provisions that could have the effect of rendering
more difficult hostile takeovers, change-in-control transactions or changes in our Board of Directors or management. Among other things, these provisions
authorize the issuance of preferred stock with powers, preferences and rights that may be senior to our common stock, provide for the adoption of a staggered
three-class Board of Directors, prohibit our stockholders from filling vacancies on our Board of Directors or calling special stockholder meetings, require the vote
of at least two-thirds of the combined voting power of our outstanding capital stock to approve amendments to our certificate of incorporation or bylaws, and
require the approval of the holders of at least a majority of the outstanding shares of our Class B common stock voting as a separate class prior to consummating a
change-in-control transaction. As a Delaware corporation, we are also subject to provisions of Delaware law, including Section 203 of the Delaware General
Corporation
24
Law, which may delay, deter or prevent a change-in-control transaction. Section 203 imposes certain restrictions on mergers, business combinations and other
transactions between us and holders of 15% or more of our common stock. Any provision of Delaware law, our amended and restated certificate of incorporation,
or our amended and restated bylaws that has the effect of rendering more difficult, delaying, deterring or preventing a change-in-control transaction could limit the
opportunity for our stockholders to receive a premium for their shares of our capital stock and could also affect the price that some investors are willing to pay for
our Class A common stock.
Government regulations and laws are continuously evolving and unfavorable changes could adversely affect our operating results, subject us to litigation or
governmental investigation, or otherwise harm our business.
We are subject to general business regulations and laws, as well as regulations and laws specifically governing the highly regulated real estate market,
electronic payment, background screening and insurance services markets, the Internet itself, the use of mobile devices to conduct business and communicate, and
many other products and services we provide. It is not clear how existing laws governing issues such as property ownership, management, rental and investment,
data protection, and personal privacy apply to the Internet, digital content, communication services, web services, and artificial intelligence technologies and
services. Unfavorable regulations, laws, and administrative or judicial decisions interpreting or applying those laws and regulations could diminish the demand for,
or availability of, our products and services, subject us to litigation or governmental investigation and increase our cost of doing business, any of which may
adversely affect our operating results. In addition, the application of federal, state, local and foreign tax laws to services provided electronically is continuously
evolving. New income, sales, use or other tax laws, statutes, rules, regulations or ordinances could be enacted or amended at any time, possibly with retroactive
effect, and could be applied solely or disproportionately to services provided over the Internet. These enactments or amendments could adversely affect our sales
activity due to the inherent cost increase such taxes would represent and could ultimately result in a negative impact on our operating results. In addition, existing
tax laws, statutes, rules, regulations or ordinances could be interpreted, modified or applied adversely to us, possibly with retroactive effect, which could require us
or our customers to pay additional tax amounts, as well as require us or our customers to pay fines or penalties, as well as interest on past amounts. If we are
unsuccessful in collecting such taxes due from our customers, we could be held liable for such costs, thereby adversely impacting our operating results.
ITEM 1B. UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS
None.
ITEM 2. PROPERTIES
Our corporate headquarters is located in three adjacent office buildings in Santa Barbara, California. The lease covers approximately 43,700 square feet,
86,000 square feet, and 35,900 square feet, respectively, in the three buildings. These leases expire in February 2032 and may be extended for two additional five-
year terms at our election. We also lease office space in a variety of other U.S. cities, most notably Richardson, Texas.
We intend to procure additional space as we add employees and expand our operations geographically. We believe our current facilities are adequate for
our current needs and that, should it be needed, suitable additional or alternative space will be available to us to accommodate any such expansion of our
operations.
We lease all of our facilities and do not own any real property.
ITEM 3. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
From time to time, we are involved in various investigative inquiries, legal proceedings and other disputes arising from or related to matters incident to
the ordinary course of our business activities, including actions with respect to intellectual property, employment, regulatory and contractual matters. Although the
results of such investigative inquiries, legal proceedings and other disputes cannot be predicted with certainty, we believe that we are not currently a party to any
matters which, if determined adversely to us, would, individually or taken together, have a material adverse effect on our business, operating results, financial
condition or cash flows. However, regardless of the merit of any matters raised or the ultimate outcome, investigative inquiries, legal proceedings and other
disputes may generally have an adverse impact on us as a result of defense and settlement costs, diversion of management resources, and other factors.
For additional information regarding legal proceedings, refer to Note 11, Commitments and Contingencies of our Consolidated Financial Statements.
25
ITEM 4. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES
Not applicable.
PART II
ITEM 5. MARKET FOR REGISTRANT'S COMMON EQUITY, RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS AND ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY
SECURITIES
Market for our Common Stock
Our Class A common stock began trading publicly on the NASDAQ Global Market under the symbol "APPF" on June 26, 2015. Prior to that date, there
was no public trading market for our Class A common stock.
Our Class B common stock is not listed or traded on any stock exchange.
Holders of Record
At February 15, 2021, there were 23 holders of record of our Class A common stock and 78 holders of record of our Class B common stock. Because
many of our shares of Class A common stock are held by brokers and other institutions on behalf of stockholders, we are unable to estimate the total number of
stockholders represented by these record holders.
Dividend Policy
We have never declared or paid any cash dividends on our capital stock. We do not anticipate declaring or paying any cash dividends to holders of our
capital stock in the foreseeable future and intend to retain all future earnings for use in the growth of our business. Consequently, investors may need to rely on
sales of our Class A common stock after price appreciation, which may never occur, as the only way to realize any future gains on their investment. Investors
should not purchase our Class A common stock with the expectation of receiving cash dividends.
Stock Performance Graph
The following performance graph compares the cumulative total return on our Class A common stock with that of the S&P 500 Index and the NASDAQ
Computer Index. This chart assumes $100 was invested in our Class A common stock at the close of market on December 31, 2015, and in the S&P 500 Index and
the NASDAQ Computer Index, and assumes the reinvestment of any dividends.
The comparisons in the graph below are based upon historical data and are not indicative of, nor intended to forecast, future performance of our common
stock.
26
This performance graph shall not be deemed “filed” for purposes of Section 18 of the Exchange Act or incorporated by reference into any of our other
filings under the Securities Act or the Exchange Act, except as shall be expressly set forth by specific reference in such filing.
Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Purchases of Equity Securities
None.
ITEM 6. SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA
The following tables present our historical selected consolidated financial data for the periods indicated. We have derived the selected Consolidated
Statements of Operations data for the fiscal years ended December 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018 and the selected Consolidated Balance Sheet data at December 31,
2020 and 2019 from our audited Consolidated Financial Statements included elsewhere in this Annual Report. We have derived the selected Consolidated
Statements of Operations data for the fiscal years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016 and the selected Consolidated Balance Sheet data at December 31, 2018,
2017 and 2016 from our audited Consolidated Financial Statements, which are not included in this Annual Report. Our historical results are not necessarily
indicative of the results we expect in the future.
The following historical selected consolidated financial data should be read in conjunction with, and are qualified in their entirety by reference to, the
section of this Annual Report entitled “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” and our Consolidated Financial
Statements and the related notes included elsewhere in this Annual Report.
27
Consolidated Statements of Operations Data:
(4)
(4)
(4)
Revenue
Costs and operating expenses:
Cost of revenue (exclusive of depreciation and amortization)
Sales and marketing
Research and product development
General and administrative
Depreciation and amortization
Total costs and operating expenses
Income (loss) from operations
Other income (expense), net
Interest (expense) income, net
Income (loss) before provision for income taxes
Provision for (benefit from) income taxes
(4)
Year Ended December 31,
2020
(1)
2019
(2)
2018
(3)
2017
2016
(in thousands, except per share data)
$
310,056 $
256,012 $
190,071 $
143,803 $
105,586
119,029
58,445
48,529
47,480
26,790
300,273
9,783
188,897
(1,849)
196,831
38,428
158,403 $
101,642
51,528
39,508
34,478
22,395
249,551
6,461
16
(1,654)
4,823
(31,459)
36,282 $
73,549
33,288
24,111
24,891
14,576
170,415
19,656
(56)
787
20,387
420
19,967 $
55,283
28,709
16,578
21,199
12,699
134,468
9,335
(96)
535
9,774
58
9,716 $
44,630
28,827
12,638
17,979
9,935
114,009
(8,423)
(37)
246
(8,214)
67
(8,281)
$
Net income (loss)
Net income (loss) per common share:
Basic
Diluted
Weighted average common shares outstanding:
33,561
Basic
33,561
Diluted
(1)
MyCase was divested on September 30, 2020. The results of MyCase have been included in our results of operations through the date of divestiture. Refer to Note 3,
Divestitures and Business Combinations of our Consolidated Financial Statements included elsewhere in this Annual Report for additional information regarding this
transaction.
(2)
and Business Combinations of our Consolidated Financial Statements included elsewhere in this Annual Report for additional information regarding this transaction.
(3)
We acquired Dynasty on January 7, 2019. The results of Dynasty have been included in our results of operations from the date of acquisition. Refer to Note 3, Divestitures
We acquired WegoWise on August 31, 2018. The results of WegoWise have been included in our results of operations from the date of acquisition.
The following table presents stock-based compensation expense included in each respective expense category:
4.62 $
4.44 $
1.07 $
1.02 $
0.29 $
0.28 $
0.59 $
0.56 $
34,264
35,713
34,128
35,562
34,016
35,567
33,849
35,151
(0.25)
(0.25)
$
$
(4)
Stock-based compensation expense included in costs and operating
expenses:
Cost of revenue (exclusive of depreciation and amortization)
Sales and marketing
Research and product development
General and administrative
Total stock-based compensation expense
2020
2019
Year Ended December 31,
2018
(in thousands)
2017
2016
1,506 $
1,415
1,818
4,286
9,025 $
1,466 $
1,271
1,411
3,161
7,309 $
1,103 $
1,034
1,079
3,121
6,337 $
725 $
723
657
3,991
6,096 $
471
442
382
3,006
4,301
$
$
28
Consolidated Balance Sheet Data:
Cash and cash equivalents and investment securities
Capitalized software development costs, net
Total assets
Deferred revenue
Operating lease liabilities
Current and long-term debt, net
Total stockholders’ equity
2020
2019
At December 31,
2018
(in thousands)
2017
2016
$
175,289 $
35,459
389,480
2,262
41,991
—
285,920
50,778 $
30,023
260,102
4,586
36,138
48,583
131,950
101,963 $
20,485
175,741
3,414
—
49,815
91,846
68,310 $
17,609
110,248
7,080
—
—
85,079
52,860
15,539
92,583
7,638
—
—
69,682
ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
The following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations should be read together with our Consolidated Financial
Statements and the related notes included elsewhere in this Annual Report. This discussion and analysis contains forward-looking statements that are based on our
current expectations and reflect our plans, estimates and anticipated future financial performance. These statements involve numerous risks and uncertainties,
including those related to the anticipated impact on our business from, and our response to, the COVID-19 pandemic. Our actual results may differ materially
from those expressed or implied by these forward-looking statements as a result of many factors, including those set forth in the section of this Annual Report
entitled "Risk Factors". See the section of this Annual Report entitled “Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements” for additional information.
The following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations discusses 2020 and 2019 items and year-over-year
comparisons between 2020 and 2019. For discussion of 2018 items and year-over-year comparisons between 2019 and 2018, refer to Part II. Item 7.
“Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31,
2019.
Overview
We provide innovative software, services and data analytics to customers in the real estate industry. Our industry-specific, cloud-based solutions are used
primarily by property managers, and also by numerous other constituencies in the property management business ecosystem. These other constituencies include
property owners, rental prospects, tenants and service providers, whom we refer to collectively as "users". Although specific functionality varies by product, our
core solutions are designed to enable our customers to digitally transform their businesses, address critical business operations and enable exceptional customer
service. In addition to our core solutions, we offer an array of optional, but often business-critical, Value+ services that are designed to enhance, automate and
streamline processes and workflows that are essential to our customers' businesses. Our Value+ services are generally available on an as-needed basis and enable
our customers to adapt our offerings to their specific operational requirements.
Our property management solutions and services provides our customers with a system of record to automate essential business processes, a system of
engagement to enhance business interactions between our customers and a variety of users and a system of intelligence designed to leverage data to predict and
optimize business workflows to increase efficiency across our customers' businesses. Our mobile-optimized software solutions are designed for use across multiple
devices and operating systems. Our software solutions are offered as a service, are hosted using a modern cloud-based architecture, and in part, use artificial
intelligence technologies. This architecture leads to rich data sets that have a consistent schema across our customer and user base and enables us to deploy data-
powered products and services for our customers and users.
29
In 2008, we introduced APM, a property management solution designed to address the unique operational and business requirements of property
management companies and their business ecosystems. Recognizing that our customers and their business ecosystems would benefit from additional business
critical services, we launched a series of Value+ services beginning in 2009. Our Value+ services are tailored to the specific workflows of property management
businesses and generally fall into the categories of marketing and leasing, electronic payment services, business optimization and risk mitigation. In 2018, we
introduced APM PLUS, a tier of APM designed for larger businesses with more complex needs. APM PLUS builds upon the functionality of APM and
additionally offers data analytics, configurable workflows, and revenue management and optimization functionality for our customers. In April 2019, we launched
AppFolio Investment Management, which is designed to enable real estate investment managers to better manage their investor relationships by increasing
transparency and streamlining certain business processes. We do not separately break out customer information at this time.
APM and APM PLUS serve our property management customers, including third-party property managers and owner operators, who typically manage
single- and multi-family residential, and others who manage community association, and commercial properties. Our solutions and services also serve other
constituencies in the property management market, including property owners, rental prospects, tenants and service providers. Revenue generated from each
customer varies based on the type of property, the number of units under management, and the level of adoption and utilization of Value+ services by the customer
and users. Revenue per unit generated from each customer typically varies based on the type of property and the level of adoption and utilization of Value+
services by the customer and users. For example, revenue generated per community association unit, which represent a growing percentage of our overall units, is
lower than revenue generated per residential unit given the unique and complex needs of the residential rental lifecycle and resulting impact on the adoption and
utilization of V+ services.
Property management customer count and property management units under management are presented in the table below. We define property
management customers as those paying for a subscription to our core solutions.
Property management customers
Property management units under
management (in millions)
December 31,
September 30,
June 30,
March 31,
December 31,
September 30,
June 30,
March 31,
15,724
15,352
15,011
14,729
14,385
14,034
13,737
13,409
2020
2019
5.36
5.12
4.94
4.8
4.64
4.41
4.23
4.08
Quarter Ended
To date, we have experienced rapid revenue growth due to strong relationships with our customers, our investments in research and product development,
sales and marketing, customer service and support, and infrastructure. We have invested, and intend to continue to invest, in our business to capitalize on our
market opportunity by working closely with our customers, prospects, partners and other industry participants to inform our product strategy. Over the long-term,
these investments are expected to continue to increase our costs and operating expenses on an absolute basis. Many of these investments will occur in advance of
our realization of revenue or any other benefit, which will make it difficult to determine if we are allocating our resources effectively and efficiently. We expect
our operating margins will improve over the long-term, but this trend may be interrupted from time to time as a result of accelerated investment opportunities
occurring in advance of realization of revenue.
We rely heavily on our talented team of employees to execute our growth plans and achieve our long-term strategic objectives. We believe our people are
at the heart of our success and our customers' success, and we have worked hard not only to attract and retain talented individuals, but also to provide a challenging
and rewarding environment to motivate and develop our valuable human capital. Beginning in March 2020, in an effort to protect our employees and comply with
applicable government orders, we transitioned our employees to a remote work environment and restricted non-essential employee travel. We currently expect the
majority of our employees will continue working remotely at least through the second quarter of 2021. Our workforce has continued to effectively develop and
support our software and services offerings notwithstanding the current environment. We take the health and welfare of our people very seriously, and have
encouraged safe practices designed to stem the infection and spread of COVID-19 within our workforce and beyond and to maintain the mental health and well-
being of our employees. However, if the COVID-19 pandemic requires remote working conditions for a prolonged period of time, it could have an adverse impact
on the productivity of our employees, which would harm our business and impede our ability to achieve our strategic objectives. For example, certain employees
with younger children have been required to respond to ongoing school closures and adapt to a distance learning environment, and may be required to continue to
do so for the foreseeable future. Furthermore, we have a limited history of remote work and the long-term impact on, and the resulting types of continuing
investments necessary for, our employee base is uncertain.
30
Moreover, the COVID-19 pandemic may have long-term effects on the nature of the office environment and remote working. This may present
operational and workplace culture challenges that may adversely affect our business. However, we are committed to our employees returning to the workplace in
the long-term, and have recently constructed a new office space in Santa Barbara, California, extended the lease for our office in Richardson, Texas and are
seeking new office space to lease in San Diego, California to accommodate our employees' return to the workplace in the future.
We began fiscal year 2020 with healthy demand for our core solutions and Value+ services, many of which are designed to enable our customers to
manage their businesses virtually. During the twelve months ended December 31, 2020, we experienced some variability in demand for certain Value+ services
after lock-down measures were implemented. We expect demand variability could continue as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, although it is presently unclear
whether the cumulative impacts will be positive or negative.
During certain periods covered by this Annual Report, we also provided software solutions and services to the legal vertical. As previously disclosed, we
completed our divestiture of MyCase, Inc. on September 30, 2020. In connection with the MyCase Transaction, our Credit Agreement was terminated and all
obligations outstanding under the Term Loan and Revolving Facility, including all guarantees and security interests granted with respect to such obligations, were
satisfied in full with proceeds from the sale and extinguished. For additional details, see Note 1, Nature of Business and Note 3, Divestitures and Business
Combinations of our Consolidated Financial Statements in this Annual Report.
Key Components of Results of Operations
Revenue
Our core solutions and certain of our Value+ services are offered on a subscription basis. Our core solutions subscription fees vary by property type and
are designed to scale to the size of our customers’ businesses. We recognize revenue for subscription-based services over time on a straight-line basis over the
contract term beginning on the date that our service is made available. We generally invoice monthly or annually in advance of the subscription period.
We also offer Value+ services that are not covered by subscription fees on per use basis. Usage-based fees are charged on a flat fee per transaction basis
with no minimum usage commitments. We recognize revenue for usage-based services in the period the service is rendered. We generally invoice our usage-based
services on a monthly basis or collect the fee at the time of service. A significant majority of our Value+ services revenue comes directly and indirectly from the
use of our electronic payment services, tenant screening services, and insurance services. Usage-based fees are paid both by customers and users in our customers'
business ecosystems.
We charge our customers for on-boarding assistance to our core solutions and certain other non-reoccurring services. We generally invoice for these other
services in advance of the services being completed and recognize revenue upon completion of the related service. We generate revenue from RentLinx,
WegoWise, and Dynasty standalone customers by providing services outside of our property management core solution platform. Revenue derived from these
services is recorded in Other revenue.
Costs and Operating Expenses
Cost of Revenue. Many of our Value+ services are facilitated by third-party service providers. Cost of revenue includes the fees paid to these third-party
service providers (including legal fees and costs associated with the delivery and provision of those services, as well as loss reserves and other costs associated
with our legal liability to landlord insurance services), which vary both in cost and as a percent of revenue for each Value+ service offering, personnel-related costs
(including salaries, performance-based compensation, benefits, and stock-based compensation) for our employees focused on customer service and the support of
our operations, platform infrastructure costs (such as data center operations and hosting-related costs), payment processing fees and allocated shared costs. Cost of
revenue excludes depreciation of property and equipment, and amortization of capitalized software development costs and intangible assets.
Sales and Marketing. Sales and marketing expense consists of personnel-related costs (including salaries, sales commissions, performance-based
compensation, benefits, and stock-based compensation) for our employees focused on sales and marketing, costs associated with sales and marketing activities, and
allocated shared and other costs. Marketing activities include advertising, online lead generation, lead nurturing, customer and industry events, and the creation of
industry-related content and collateral. Sales commissions and other incremental costs to acquire customers and grow adoption and utilization of our Value+
services by our new and existing customers are deferred and then amortized on a straight-line basis over a period of benefit, which we have determined to be three
years. We focus our sales and marketing efforts on generating awareness of our software solutions, creating sales leads, establishing and promoting our brands, and
cultivating an educated community of successful and vocal customers.
31
Research and Product Development. Research and product development expense consists of personnel-related costs (including salaries, performance-
based compensation, benefits, and stock-based compensation) for our employees focused on research and product development, fees for third-party development
resources, and allocated shared and other costs. Our research and product development efforts are focused on enhancing functionality and the ease of use of our
existing software solutions by adding new core functionality, Value+ services and other improvements, as well as developing new products and services for new
and existing markets. We capitalize our software development costs which meet the criteria for capitalization. Amortization of capitalized software development
costs is included in depreciation and amortization expense.
General and Administrative. General and administrative expense consists of personnel-related costs (including salaries, a majority of total performance-
based compensation, benefits, and stock-based compensation) for employees in our executive, finance, information technology, human resources, legal,
compliance, corporate development and administrative organizations. In addition, general and administrative expense includes fees for third-party professional
services (including audit, legal, compliance, tax, and consulting services), transaction costs related to business combinations and divestitures, regulatory fines and
penalties, other corporate expenses, and allocated shared costs.
Depreciation and Amortization. Depreciation and amortization expense includes depreciation of property and equipment, amortization of capitalized
software development costs, and amortization of intangible assets. We depreciate or amortize property and equipment, software development costs, and intangible
assets over their expected useful lives on a straight-line basis, which approximates the pattern in which the economic benefits of the assets are consumed.
Other Income (Expense), Net. Other income (expense), net includes gains and losses associated with the sale of businesses, property and equipment and
investment securities and income from certain post-closing transition services to be provided by us to MyCase in connection with the MyCase Transaction.
Interest Expense, Net. Interest expense includes interest paid on any outstanding borrowings. Interest income includes interest earned on investment
securities, amortization and accretion of the premium and discounts paid from the purchase of investment securities, and interest earned on notes receivable and on
cash deposited in our bank accounts.
Provision for (Benefit from) Income Taxes. Provision for (benefit from) income taxes consists of federal and state income taxes in the United States.
32
Results of Operations for the Years Ended December 31, 2020 and 2019
The following table presents our results of operations for the periods presented in dollars (in thousands) and as a percentage of revenue:
Consolidated Statements of Operations Data:
Revenue
Costs and operating expenses:
(1)
Cost of revenue (exclusive of depreciation and amortization)
Sales and marketing
Research and product development
General and administrative
Depreciation and amortization
(1)
(1)
(1)
Total costs and operating expenses
Income from operations
Other income, net
Interest expense, net
Income before provision for (benefit from) income taxes
Provision for (benefit from) income taxes
Net income
Year Ended December 31,
2020
2019
Amount
%
Amount
%
$
310,056
100.0 % $
256,012
100.0 %
119,029
58,445
48,529
47,480
26,790
300,273
9,783
188,897
(1,849)
196,831
38,428
158,403
$
38.4
18.8
15.7
15.3
8.6
96.8
3.2
60.9
(0.6)
63.5
12.4
51.1 % $
101,642
51,528
39,508
34,478
22,395
249,551
6,461
16
(1,654)
4,823
(31,459)
36,282
39.7
20.1
15.4
13.5
8.7
97.5
2.5
—
(0.6)
1.9
(12.3)
14.2 %
(1)
The following table presents stock-based compensation expense included in each respective expense category:
Stock-based compensation expense included in costs and operating expenses:
Cost of revenue (exclusive of depreciation and amortization)
Sales and marketing
Research and product development
General and administrative
Total stock-based compensation expense
33
Year Ended December 31,
2020
2019
$
$
1,506 $
1,415
1,818
4,286
9,025 $
1,466
1,271
1,411
3,161
7,309
Revenue
Core solutions
Value+ services
Other
Total revenue
Year Ended December 31,
2019
2020
Change
Amount
%
$
$
100,938 $
195,146
13,972
310,056 $
(dollars in thousands)
88,581 $
153,994
13,437
256,012 $
12,357
41,152
535
54,044
14 %
27 %
4 %
21 %
Revenue derived from our software and solutions offered to the real estate vertical for the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019 was $284.7 million
and $231.1 million, respectively, an increase of $53.6 million, or 23%. This increase was primarily attributable to the growth in the number of property
management customers and units under management utilizing our software and services. The remaining revenue was attributed to our legacy legal vertical.
Core solutions revenue derived from our real estate vertical for the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019 was $86.5 million and $72.6 million,
respectively, an increase of $13.9 million or 19%. Value+ services revenue derived from our real estate vertical for the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019
was $184.2 million and $145.2 million, respectively, an increase of $39.1 million or 27%. The increase in core solutions and Value+ services revenue was mainly
attributable to growth in our base of property management customers and growth in users of our subscription and usage-based services. During this period we
experienced growth of 17% in the average number of property management units under management resulting from 10% growth in the average number of property
management customers during the period.
Our electronic payment services experienced increased demand during the current year as residents, property managers, owners and customers transacted
more business online, which we attribute in part to the response to the COVID-19 pandemic. It is unclear whether the trend will continue over the long-term.
During the comparative period, we also introduced new Value+ services and expanded the functionality of others, which resulted in incremental revenue. A
significant majority of our Value+ services revenue comes directly and indirectly from the use of our electronic payment services, tenant screening services, and
the insurance services we make available to customers.
Cost of Revenue (Exclusive of Depreciation and Amortization)
Year Ended December 31,
Change
Cost of revenue (exclusive of depreciation and amortization)
Percentage of revenue
Stock-based compensation, included above
2020
$
$
119,029
38.4 %
1,506
$
$
Amount
2019
(dollars in thousands)
101,642
$
39.7 %
1,466
$
17,387
40
%
17 %
3 %
Cost of revenue related to our software and solutions offered to the real estate vertical for the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019 was $109.7
million and $93.0 million, respectively, an increase of $16.7 million, or 18%. This increase was primarily attributable to increased costs associated with servicing
the incremental $53.6 million in revenue over the same period, partially offset by third-party service provider incentives earned of $2.0 million. The remaining cost
of revenue was attributed to our legacy legal vertical.
Expenditures to third-party service providers related to the delivery of our Value+ services to the real estate vertical increased $6.9 million, which was
directly associated with the increased adoption and utilization of our Value+ services, as evidenced by the $39.1 million increase in Value+ services revenue to the
real estate vertical. Partially offsetting this increase was $2.0 million of annual maximum incentives earned during the period from third-party service providers
related to programs intended to increase adoption and utilization of online payments. Personnel-related costs, including performance-based compensation,
necessary to support growth and key investments, increased $7.8 million. Allocated shared costs increased by $2.1 million primarily driven by an increase in
platform infrastructure costs, partially offset by a reduction of allocated expenses attributed to a decrease in workplace-related and other expenditures in response
to the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic.
34
As a percentage of revenue, cost of revenue (exclusive of depreciation and amortization) fluctuates primarily based on the mix of Value+ services revenue
in the period, given the varying percentage of revenue we pay to third-party service providers, and investments made in advance of expected revenue
generation. Excluding the third-party service provider incentives earned during the period, cost of revenue (exclusive of depreciation and amortization), as a
percentage of revenue decreased to 39.2% from 40.2%. This decrease in cost as a percentage of revenue was primarily driven by the mix of Value+ services
revenue with varying underlying costs.
Sales and Marketing
Sales and marketing
Percentage of revenue
Stock-based compensation, included above
$
$
Year Ended December 31,
2019
2020
(dollars in thousands)
51,528
58,445
$
$
Amount
6,917
Change
%
18.8 %
20.1 %
1,415
$
1,271
$
144
13 %
11 %
Sales and marketing expense related to our software and solutions offered to the real estate vertical for the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019 was
$52.5 million and $44.5 million, respectively, an increase of $8.0 million, or 18%. This increase was primarily due to a $6.7 million increase in personnel-related
costs, including performance-based compensation, necessary to support growth and key investments in the business. Advertising and promotion costs increased by
$2.4 million due to increased online advertising and virtual marketing events aimed at increasing revenue and supporting growth in the business. In addition, there
was a decrease in allocated and other costs of $1.1 million related to the elimination of event-related travel from cancelled or postponed events and the reduction of
workplace-related and other non-essential expenditures in response to the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic.
As a percentage of revenue, sales and marketing expense decreased to 18.4% from 19.2% for fiscal 2020 compared to fiscal 2019. This leverage in cost as
a percentage of revenue was primarily driven by the reduction of event related travel and other non-essential expenditures as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic.
Notwithstanding the leverage in cost as a percentage of revenue, we intend to continue to invest in sales and marketing to increase our customer base and increase
the adoption and utilization of Value+ services over time.
Research and Product Development
Research and product development
Percentage of revenue
Stock-based compensation, included above
$
$
Year Ended December 31,
2019
2020
(dollars in thousands)
39,508
48,529
$
$
Amount
15.7 %
1,818
$
15.4 %
1,411
$
Change
%
9,021
407
23 %
29 %
Research and product development expense related to our software and solutions offered to the real estate vertical for the years ended December 31, 2020
and 2019 was $43.8 million and $34.0 million, respectively, an increase of $9.8 million, or 29%. This increase was the result of an increase in personnel-related
costs, net of capitalized software development costs, of $11.3 million due to investments in headcount growth within our research and product development
organization. This increase was partially offset by a decrease in allocated and other costs of $1.4 million primarily related to the reduction of workplace-related and
other non-essential expenditures in response to the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic.
General and Administrative
General and administrative
Percentage of revenue
Stock-based compensation, included above
$
$
35
Year Ended December 31,
2019
2020
(dollars in thousands)
34,478
47,480
$
$
Amount
15.3 %
4,286
$
13.5 %
3,161
$
Change
%
13,002
1,125
38 %
36 %
General and administrative expense related to our software and solutions offered to the real estate vertical and general corporate overhead expenses for
the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019 was $46.1 million and $33.4 million, respectively, an increase of $12.7 million, or 38%. The increase in general and
administrative expense was primarily due to a $7.4 million increase in personnel-related costs, including performance-based compensation, due to investments in
headcount growth within our general and administrative organizations. In addition, there was a $4.3 million legal settlement expense recorded during the current
period related to our compliance with certain regulations in our tenant screening business. For additional information regarding this legal settlement, refer to Note
11, Commitments and Contingencies, of our Consolidated Financial Statements. There was also an increase in professional services fees and other costs of $2.3
million related to the MyCase Transaction. Allocated and other costs decreased $1.4 million primarily due to the reduction of workplace-related and other non-
essential expenditures in response to the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic.
We expect stock-based compensation expense will continue to decrease for certain executives in light of our adoption of the Long-Term Cash Bonus Plan
in 2018. No accrual has yet been made under this plan as a result of the high degree of uncertainty regarding potential future payments under the plan.
Depreciation and Amortization
Depreciation and amortization
Percentage of revenue
$
Year Ended December 31,
2019
2020
(dollars in thousands)
22,395
26,790
$
$
Amount
8.6 %
8.7 %
Change
%
4,395
20 %
Depreciation and amortization expense related to our software and solutions offered to the real estate vertical for the years ended December 31, 2020 and
2019 was $25.0 million and $20.0 million, respectively, an increase of $5.0 million, or 25%. This increase in depreciation and amortization expense was primarily
due to increased amortization expense associated with higher accumulated capitalized software development balances.
Other Income, net
Other income, net
Percentage of revenue
*Percentage not meaningful
Year Ended December 31,
2019
2020
(dollars in thousands)
Amount
Change
$
188,897
$
60.9 %
$
188,881
16
— %
%
*
The increase in other income, net was primarily due to the gain of $187.7 million associated with the MyCase Transaction. Additionally, there was $1.1
million in other income recorded during the fourth quarter of fiscal 2020 related to certain post-closing transition services provided to MyCase.
Provision for (Benefit from) Income Taxes
Provision for (benefit from) income taxes
Percentage of revenue
*Percentage not meaningful
$
36
Year Ended December 31,
2019
2020
(dollars in thousands)
(31,459)
38,428
$
$
Amount
69,887
Change
%
*
12.4 %
(12.3)%
For the year ended December 31, 2020, we recorded income tax expense of $38.4 million. The tax provision for the year ended December 31, 2020
includes tax expense of $51.3 million relating to the MyCase Transaction which includes $52.3 million of current tax expense on the gain on the sale of MyCase,
less a $1.0 million benefit on the reversal of deferred tax liabilities relating to MyCase. For tax purposes, we plan to file an election to treat the transaction as a sale
of assets. As such, the tax impact takes into consideration the tax basis of the assets on the date of sale and the availability of net operating losses and research and
development tax credits. The effective tax rate as compared to the U.S. federal statutory rate of 21% differs primarily due to state income taxes and the benefits
associated with stock-based compensation expense and research and development tax credits.
For the year ended December 31, 2019, we recorded an income tax benefit of $31.5 million. During the second quarter of 2019, we evaluated all available
positive and negative evidence, including our sustained profitability in 2018 and 2019, and the impact of recent acquisitions and future projections of profitability.
As a result, we determined that all of our deferred tax assets were more likely than not to be realized and reversed the valuation allowance against those deferred
tax assets accordingly.
37
Quarterly Results of Operations
The following table presents selected unaudited quarterly consolidated statements of operations data for each of the eight quarters during the years ended
December 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019. We have prepared the unaudited quarterly consolidated statements of operations data on a basis consistent with the
audited annual Consolidated Financial Statements included elsewhere in this Annual Report. In management's opinion, the financial information in this table
reflects all normal and recurring adjustments necessary for the fair statement of this data. This information should be read in conjunction with the Consolidated
Financial Statements and related notes included elsewhere in this Annual Report. The results of historical periods are not necessarily indicative of the results for
any future periods.
Consolidated Statements of Operations Data:
Revenue
Costs and operating expenses:
Cost of revenue (exclusive of depreciation and
amortization) (1)
Sales and marketing (1)
Research and product development (1)
General and administrative (1)
Depreciation and amortization
Total costs and operating expenses
(Loss) income from operations
Other income (expense), net
Interest income (expense), net
(Loss) income before (benefit from) provision for
income taxes
(Benefit from) provision for income taxes
Net (loss) income
Net (loss) income per common share:
Basic
Diluted
December 31,
September 30,
June 30,
March 31,
December 31,
September 30,
June 30,
March 31,
Quarter Ended
2020
2019
(in thousands, except per share data)
$
72,432
$
84,086
$
81,043
$
72,495
$
67,362
$
67,935
$
63,624
$
57,091
29,905
15,328
11,735
11,177
7,039
75,184
(2,752)
1,138
60
(1,554)
(1,041)
(513)
(0.01)
(0.01)
$
$
$
32,752
14,894
13,454
12,946
6,680
80,726
3,360
187,747
(853)
190,254
52,578
137,676
4.01
3.86
$
$
$
27,411
13,717
12,128
14,785
6,657
74,698
6,345
(10)
(562)
5,773
(13,484)
19,257
0.56
0.54
$
$
$
28,961
14,506
11,212
8,572
6,414
69,665
2,830
22
(494)
2,358
375
1,983
0.06
0.06
$
$
$
26,403
14,441
11,086
9,117
6,226
67,273
89
84
(330)
(157)
(4,585)
4,428
0.13
0.12
$
$
$
$
$
$
25,930
12,636
10,602
8,955
5,678
63,801
4,134
(11)
(400)
3,723
(1,255)
4,978
0.15
0.14
$
$
$
25,128
13,232
9,339
8,214
5,415
61,328
2,296
(56)
(427)
1,813
(21,338)
23,151
0.68
0.65
$
$
$
24,181
11,219
8,481
8,192
5,076
57,149
(58)
(1)
(497)
(556)
(4,281)
3,725
0.11
0.11
(1)
The following table presents stock-based compensation expense included in each respective expense category:
December 31,
September 30,
June 30,
March 31,
December 31,
September 30,
June 30,
March 31,
Quarter Ended
2020
2019
(in thousands)
Stock-based compensation expense included in costs
and operating expenses:
Cost of revenue (exclusive of depreciation and
amortization)
Sales and marketing
Research and product development
General and administrative
Total stock-based compensation expense
$
$
408
346
470
993
2,217
$
$
452
367
474
1,803
3,096
$
$
520
477
580
1,176
2,753
$
$
126
225
294
314
959
$
$
393
367
387
731
1,878
$
$
334
354
353
1,151
2,192
$
$
415 $
302
363
607
1,687
$
324
248
308
672
1,552
38
The following table presents selected consolidated statements of operations data for the specified periods as a percentage of our revenue for those periods:
December 31,
September 30,
June 30,
March 31,
December 31,
September 30,
June 30,
March 31,
2020
2019
Quarter Ended
100.0 %
100.0 %
100.0 %
100.0 %
100.0 %
100.0 %
100.0 %
100.0 %
41.3
21.2
16.2
15.4
9.7
103.8
(3.8)
1.6
0.1
39.0
17.7
16.0
15.4
7.9
96.0
4.0
223.3
(1.0)
33.8
16.9
15.0
18.2
8.2
92.2
7.8
—
(0.7)
(2.1)
(1.4)
(0.7)%
226.3
62.5
163.7 %
7.1
(16.6)
23.8 %
39.9
20.0
15.5
11.8
8.8
96.1
3.9
—
(0.7)
3.3
0.5
2.7 %
39.2
21.4
16.5
13.5
9.2
99.9
0.1
0.1
(0.5)
(0.2)
(6.8)
6.6 %
38.2
18.6
15.6
13.2
8.4
93.9
6.1
—
(0.6)
39.5
20.8
14.7
12.9
8.5
96.4
3.6
(0.1)
(0.7)
42.4
19.7
14.9
14.3
8.9
100.1
(0.1)
—
(0.9)
5.5
(1.8)
7.3 %
2.8
(33.5)
36.3 %
(1.0)
(7.5)
6.5 %
Consolidated Statements of Operations Data:
Revenue
Costs and operating expenses:
Cost of revenue (exclusive of depreciation
and amortization)
Sales and marketing
Research and product development
General and administrative
Depreciation and amortization
Total costs and operating expenses
(Loss) income from operations
Other income (expense), net
Interest income (expense), net
(Loss) income before (benefit from) provision
for income taxes
(Benefit from) provision for income taxes
Net (loss) income
Seasonality
We experience limited seasonality in our Value+ services revenue, primarily with respect to certain leasing-related services we provide to our property
management customers, including our tenant screening services for rental prospects which also impact electronic payment services revenue. Our property
management customers historically have processed fewer applications for rental prospects during the fourth quarter. As a result of this seasonal decline in activity,
we have typically experienced overall slower sequential revenue growth or a sequential decline in revenue in the fourth quarter of each of our most recent fiscal
years. We expect this seasonality to continue in the foreseeable future.
Liquidity and Capital Resources
Cash and Cash Equivalents
Our principal sources of liquidity continue to be comprised of our cash, cash equivalents, and investment securities, as well as cash flows generated from
our operations. At December 31, 2020, our cash and cash equivalents and investment securities had an aggregate balance of $175.3 million. During the year ended
December 31, 2020, our cash and cash equivalents increased primarily as a result of the proceeds from the MyCase Transaction.
Working Capital
At December 31, 2020, we had working capital of $149.5 million, compared to working capital of $14.3 million at December 31, 2019. The increase in
our working capital was primarily due to an increase in cash and cash equivalents as a result of the net proceeds from the MyCase Transaction, a decrease in other
current liabilities due to the payment of contingent consideration related to the Dynasty acquisition, an increase in investment securities-current, an increase in
accounts receivable primarily driven by increased usage of our Value+ services, and a decrease in deferred revenue. The increase in our working capital was
partially offset by an increase in income taxes payable related to the MyCase Transaction, and increases in accrued expenses, and accrued employee expenses.
Liquidity Requirements
We have financed our operations primarily through cash generated from operations. We believe that our existing cash and cash equivalents, investment
securities, and cash generated from operating activities will be sufficient to meet our working capital and capital expenditure requirements for at least the next 12
months.
39
Capital Requirements
Our future capital requirements will depend on many factors, including continued market acceptance of our software solutions, changes in the number of
our customers, adoption and utilization of our Value+ services by new and existing customers, the timing and extent of the introduction of new core functionality,
products and Value+ services, the timing and extent of our expansion into adjacent or new markets, the timing and extent of our investments across our
organization, and the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the customers we serve and on our business. In addition, we have in the past entered into, and may in
the future enter into, arrangements to acquire or invest in new technologies or markets adjacent to those we serve today or entirely new verticals. Furthermore, our
Board of Directors has authorized the repurchase of up to $100.0 million of shares of our Class A common stock from time to time, as directed by a committee
consisting of three directors. To date, we have repurchased $4.2 million of our Class A common stock under the Share Repurchase Program. For additional
information regarding our share repurchase program, refer to Note 12, Stockholders' Equity.
Cash Flows
The following table presents our cash flows for the periods indicated (in thousands):
Net cash provided by operating activities
Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities
Net cash used in financing activities
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents
Cash Provided by Operating Activities
Year Ended December 31,
2020
2019
$
$
48,299 $
146,511
(70,358)
124,452 $
38,887
(89,874)
(7,272)
(58,259)
Our primary source of operating cash inflows is cash collected from our customers in connection with their use of our core solutions and Value+ services.
Our primary uses of cash from operating activities are for personnel-related expenditures and third-party costs incurred to support the delivery of our software
solutions.
For the year ended December 31, 2020, cash provided by operating activities was $48.3 million resulting from our net income of $158.4 million, adjusted
by the gain related to the MyCase Transaction of $187.7 million, non-cash charges of $68.6 million and a net increase in our operating assets and liabilities of $8.9
million. The non-cash charges primarily consist of a decrease in deferred taxes of $29.0 million, depreciation and amortization costs of $26.8 million, stock-based
compensation expense of $9.0 million, and amortization of operating lease right-of-use assets of $3.7 million. The net increase in our operating assets and
liabilities was mostly attributable to a $9.4 million increase in other liabilities primarily driven by income taxes payable due to the MyCase Transaction, a $6.9
million increase in accrued expenses which includes a $4.3 million accrual related to legal loss reserves, a $2.8 million increase in accrued employee expenses
related to an overall increase in personnel-related costs, and a $0.5 million increase in deferred revenue. These increases were partially offset by a $2.8 million
increase in accounts receivable primarily driven by growth of our Value+ services, an increase in prepaid expenses and other current assets of $5.9 million
primarily driven by an increase in prepaid expenses to support the growth in our business, an increase in deposits held with a third party related to requirements to
maintain collateral for our insurance services, and an increase in deferred costs, and a $0.9 million decrease in accounts payable due to timing of payments.
For the year ended December 31, 2019, cash provided by operating activities was $38.9 million resulting from our net income of $36.3 million, adjusted
by non-cash charges of $2.4 million and a net increase in our operating assets and liabilities of $0.2 million. The non-cash charges primarily consist of a one-time
benefit of $31.5 million related to the release of the valuation allowance for our deferred tax assets, offset by $22.4 million of depreciation and amortization of our
property and equipment, intangible assets, and capitalized software development costs, $7.3 million of stock-based compensation and $4.1 million of amortization
of operating lease right-of-use ("ROU") assets. The net increase in our operating assets and liabilities was primarily attributable to an increase of $4.5 million in
accrued employee expenses related to an overall increase in personnel-related costs, a $1.4 million decrease in other assets, a $1.2 million increase in other
liabilities and a $1.2 million increase in deferred revenue. The increase in our operating assets and liabilities was partially offset by a $4.0 million increase in
prepaid expenses and other current assets, a $2.7 million decrease in operating lease liabilities, and a $2.0 million increase in accounts receivable primarily driven
by the growth in sales of our Value+ services.
40
Cash Provided by (Used in) Investing Activities
Cash provided by (used in) investing activities is generally comprised of proceeds from divestitures, purchases, maturities and sales of investment
securities, purchases of property and equipment, additions to capitalized software development, and cash paid for business acquisitions.
For the year ended December 31, 2020, investing activities provided $146.5 million in cash primarily due to net proceeds from the MyCase Transaction
of $191.4 million and the proceeds from maturities and sales of investment securities of $27.3 million and $16.7 million, respectively. These sources of cash were
partially offset by purchases of investment securities of $43.9 million, capitalized software development costs of $26.0 million, and capital expenditures of $19.0
million to purchase property and equipment primarily related to the growth and expansion of our headquarters in Santa Barbara, CA, a portion of which was
reimbursed through tenant improvement allowances.
For the year ended December 31, 2019, investing activities used $89.9 million in cash primarily due to $54.0 million used to acquire Dynasty, as well as
purchases of investment securities of $25.2 million, capitalized software development costs of $21.0 million for the continued investment in our software
development, and capital expenditures of $8.1 million to purchase property, equipment and intangible assets for the continued growth and expansion of our
business. These uses were partially offset by sales and maturities of investment securities of $2.8 million and $15.7 million, respectively.
Cash Used in Financing Activities
Cash used in financing activities is generally comprised of proceeds from the exercise of stock options, net share settlements for employee tax
withholdings associated with the vesting of RSUs, the payment of contingent consideration under acquisition arrangements, activities associated with our former
Credit Facility, and activities related to the repurchase of our Class A common stock.
For the year ended December 31, 2020, financing activities used $70.4 million in cash primarily as a result of the payment of all outstanding amounts due
under the Credit Facility of $99.6 million, net share settlements for employee tax withholdings associated with the vesting of RSUs of $12.2 million, payment of
contingent consideration related to the Dynasty acquisition of $6.0 million, and the repurchase of outstanding shares of Class A common stock in the amount of
$4.2 million. These uses of cash were partially offset by net proceeds from the Revolving Facility of $50.8 million.
For the year ended December 31, 2019, financing activities used $7.3 million in cash primarily as a result of net share settlements for employee tax
withholdings associated with the vesting of RSUs of $6.2 million, as well as principal payments on debt of $3.4 million, and payments of debt issuance costs
of $0.4 million, partially offset by proceeds from issuance of debt of $2.2 million and proceeds from stock option exercises of $0.6 million.
Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements
At December 31, 2020, we did not have any off-balance sheet arrangements.
Contractual Obligations and Other Commitments
The following table presents our contractual obligations and other commitments at December 31, 2020:
Total
Less than 1 year
(1)
Payments Due by Period
1 to 3 years
(in thousands)
3 to 5 years
More than 5 years
Operating lease obligations
52,692
(1,275)
9,327
10,172
34,468
(1)
Operating lease obligations for the year ending December 31, 2021 are presented net of tenant improvement allowances of $5.2 million.
At December 31, 2020, liabilities for unrecognized tax benefits of $6.1 million were not included in our contractual obligations in the table above
because, due to their nature, there is a high degree of uncertainty regarding the timing of future cash outflows and other events that would extinguish these
liabilities.
For additional information regarding our contractual obligations, commitments and indemnification arrangements, refer to Note 9, Leases and Note 11,
Commitments and Contingencies of our Consolidated Financial Statements included elsewhere in this Annual Report.
41
Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates
Our Consolidated Financial Statements and the related notes included elsewhere in this Annual Report are prepared in accordance with generally accepted
accounting principles in the United States. The preparation of our Consolidated Financial Statements requires management to make estimates and assumptions that
affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the dates of the financial statements, and the reported
amounts of revenue and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ materially from those estimates.
We believe that the following critical accounting policies involve a greater degree of judgment or complexity than our other accounting policies.
Accordingly, these are the policies we believe are the most critical to a full understanding and evaluation of our Consolidated Financial Statements. For additional
information, refer to Note 2, Summary of Significant Accounting Policies of our Consolidated Financial Statements included elsewhere in this Annual Report.
Revenue Recognition
We generate revenue from our customers primarily through subscriptions to access our core solutions and Value+ services for our cloud-based software
solutions. Revenue is recognized upon transfer of control of promised services in an amount that reflects the consideration we expect to receive in exchange for
those services. We enter into contracts that can include various combinations of services, which are generally capable of being distinct, distinct within the context
of the contract, and accounted for as separate performance obligations. Revenue is recognized net of any taxes collected from customers, which are subsequently
remitted to governmental authorities.
Contracts with Multiple Performance Obligations
Many of our contracts with customers contain multiple performance obligations. Determining whether products and services are considered distinct
performance obligations that should be accounted for separately versus together may require judgment. We account for individual performance obligations
separately if they are distinct. The performance obligations for these contracts include access and use of our core solutions, implementation services, and customer
support. Access and use of our core solutions and implementation services are considered distinct.
The transaction price is allocated to each performance obligation on a relative standalone selling price basis. Judgment is required to determine the
standalone selling price for each distinct performance obligation. We typically have more than one standalone selling price for individual products and services due
to the stratification of those products and services by customers and circumstances. In these instances, we determine the standalone selling price based on our
overall pricing objectives, taking into consideration customer demographics and other factors. Fees are fixed based on rates specified in the subscription
agreements, which do not provide for any refunds or adjustments.
Capitalized Software Development Costs
Software development cost consist of certain payroll and stock compensation costs incurred to develop functionality of our internal-use software
solutions. We capitalize certain software development costs for new offerings as well as significant upgrades and enhancements to our existing software solutions.
Capitalized software development costs are amortized using the straight-line method over an estimated useful life of three years. We do not transfer ownership of
our software, or lease our software, to third parties. We believe there are two key estimates within the capitalized software balance, which are the determination of
the useful life of the software and the determination of the amounts to be capitalized.
We determined that a three year life is appropriate for our internal-use software based on our best estimate of the useful life of the internally developed
software after considering factors such as continuous developments in the technology, obsolescence and anticipated life of the service offering before significant
upgrades. Based on our prior experience, internally generated software will generally remain in use for a minimum of three years before being significantly
replaced or modified to keep up with evolving customer and company needs. While we do not anticipate any significant changes to this three year estimate, a
change in this estimate could produce a material impact on our financial statements.
We determine the amount of internal software costs to be capitalized based on the amount of time spent by our software engineers on projects. Costs
associated with building or significantly enhancing our software solutions and new internally built software solutions are capitalized, while costs associated with
planning new developments and maintaining our software solutions are expensed as incurred. There is judgment involved in estimating the stage of development as
well as estimating time allocated to a particular project. A significant change in the time spent on each project could have a material impact on the amount
capitalized and related amortization expense in subsequent periods.
42
Business Combinations
The results of a business acquired in a business combination are included in our Consolidated Financial Statements from the date of acquisition. We
allocate the purchase price, including the fair value of contingent consideration, to the identifiable assets and liabilities of the acquired business at their acquisition
date fair values. The excess of the purchase price over the amount allocated to the identifiable assets and liabilities, if any, is recorded as goodwill.
Determining the fair value of assets acquired and liabilities assumed requires management to make significant judgments and estimates, including the
selection of valuation methodologies, estimates of future revenue and cash flows, discount rates and selection of comparable companies. We engage the assistance
of valuation specialists in concluding on fair value measurements in connection with determining fair values of assets acquired and liabilities assumed in a business
combination.
Acquisition-related transaction costs are not included as a component of consideration transferred, but are accounted for as an operating expense in the
period in which the costs are incurred.
Income Taxes
We recognize deferred tax liabilities and assets for the expected future tax consequences of temporary differences between the carrying amounts and the
tax bases of assets and liabilities. Deferred income tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in
which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. The effect of a change in tax rates on deferred tax assets and liabilities is recognized in
the Consolidated Statements of Operations in the period that includes the enactment date. A valuation allowance is recorded when it is more likely than not that
some of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. In evaluating the need for a valuation allowance, management considers the weighting of all available positive
and negative evidence, which includes, among other things, the nature, frequency and severity of current and cumulative taxable income or losses, future
projections of profitability, and the duration of statutory carryforward periods.
Judgment is required to measure the amount of tax benefits that can be recognized associated with uncertain tax positions. We recognize the tax benefit
from an uncertain tax position only if it is more likely than not that the tax position will be sustained on examination by the taxing authorities, based on the
technical merits of the position. The tax benefits recognized in our Consolidated Financial Statements from such positions are then measured based on the largest
benefit that has a greater than 50% likelihood of being realized. We recognize interest and penalties accrued with respect to uncertain tax positions, if any, in our
provision for income taxes in the Consolidated Statements of Operations.
Leases
We determine if an arrangement is a lease at inception. Operating leases are included in prepaid expenses and other current assets, operating lease right
of use ("ROU") assets, other current liabilities, and operating lease liabilities on our Consolidated Balance Sheets. Operating lease ROU assets and operating lease
liabilities are recognized based on the present value of the future minimum lease payments over the lease term at commencement date. As none of our leases
provide an implicit rate, we use our incremental borrowing rate based on the information available at commencement date in determining the present value of
future payments. The operating lease ROU assets also include any lease payments made to the lessor before or at the lease commencement date and excludes lease
incentives received and initial direct costs incurred. Our lease terms may include options to extend or terminate the lease when it is reasonably certain that we will
exercise that option.
Recent Accounting Pronouncements
For information regarding recent accounting pronouncements, refer to Note 2, Summary of Significant Accounting Policies of our Consolidated
Financial Statements included elsewhere in this Annual Report.
43
ITEM 7A. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURE ABOUT MARKET RISK
Interest Rate Risk
Investment Securities
At December 31, 2020, we had cash and cash equivalents of $140.3 million consisting of bank deposits, money market funds, and treasury securities, and
$35.0 million of investment securities consisting of United States government agency securities and treasury securities. The primary objective of investing in
securities is to support our liquidity and capital needs. We did not purchase these investments for trading or speculative purposes and have not used any derivative
financial instruments to manage our interest rate risk exposure.
Our investment securities are exposed to market risk due to interest rate fluctuations. While fluctuations in interest rates do not impact our interest income
from our investment securities as all of these securities have fixed interest rates, changes in interest rates may impact the fair value of the investment securities.
Since our investment securities are held as available for sale, all changes in fair value impact our other comprehensive income unless an investment security is
considered impaired in which case changes in fair value are reported in other expense. At December 31, 2020, a hypothetical 100 basis point change in interest
rates would not have resulted in a material change in the fair value of our investment securities. This estimate is based on a sensitivity model which measured an
instant change in interest rates by 100 basis points at December 31, 2020.
Credit Facility
Prior to its termination in connection with the MyCase Transaction, we were exposed to interest rate risk as a result of our Credit Facility. Outstanding
borrowings under the Credit Facility accrued interest as described in Note 10, Long-Term Debt, of our Consolidated Financial Statements. Our borrowings under
the Credit Facility were subject to interest rate fluctuations, which could have had a material impact on our cash flows and results of operations depending on the
magnitude of the fluctuations and the outstanding borrowings. In order to determine the potential impact of changes in interest rates on our cash flows and result of
operations, we performed a sensitivity analysis. A hypothetical 100 basis point increase in interest rates during the year ended December 31, 2020 would not have
had a material impact on our cash flows or results of operations. In connection with the MyCase Transaction, and as required by the terms of the Credit Agreement,
the Credit Agreement was terminated and all obligations outstanding under the Term Loan and Revolving Facility thereunder, including all guarantees and security
interests granted with respect to such obligations, were satisfied in full with proceeds from the MyCase Transaction and extinguished.
Inflation Risk
We have not been exposed to, nor do we anticipate being exposed to, material risks due to changes in inflation rates.
Foreign Currency Exchange Rate Risk
We have not been exposed to, nor do we anticipate being exposed to, material risks relating to foreign currency exchange rate fluctuations.
ITEM 8. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA
INDEX TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
Consolidated Balance Sheets
Consolidated Statements of Operations
Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income
Consolidated Statements of Stockholders' Equity
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
Page
45
47
48
49
50
51
53
The supplementary financial information required by this Item 8 is included in Item 7 of this Annual Report in the section entitled "Quarterly Results of
Operations."
44
REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM
To the Board of Directors and Stockholders of AppFolio, Inc.
Opinions on the Financial Statements and Internal Control over Financial Reporting
We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of AppFolio, Inc. and its subsidiaries (the “Company”) as of December 31, 2020 and 2019, and the
related consolidated statements of operations, of comprehensive income, of stockholders’ equity and of cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended
December 31, 2020, including the related notes (collectively referred to as the “consolidated financial statements”). We also have audited the Company's internal
control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2020, based on criteria established in Internal Control - Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee
of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO).
In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of December
31, 2020 and 2019, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2020 in conformity with
accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. Also in our opinion, the Company maintained, in all material respects, effective internal
control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2020, based on criteria established in Internal Control - Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the COSO.
Changes in Accounting Principles
As discussed in Note 2 to the consolidated financial statements, the Company changed the manner in which it accounts for leases in 2019 and the manner in which
it accounts for revenue from contracts with customers in 2018.
Basis for Opinions
The Company's management is responsible for these consolidated financial statements, for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting, and for
its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting, included in Management's Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting
appearing under Item 9A. Our responsibility is to express opinions on the Company’s consolidated financial statements and on the Company's internal control over
financial reporting based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States)
(PCAOB) and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and
regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.
We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audits to obtain reasonable
assurance about whether the consolidated financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud, and whether effective internal
control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects.
Our audits of the consolidated financial statements included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the consolidated financial
statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence
regarding the amounts and disclosures in the consolidated financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant
estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the consolidated financial statements. Our audit of internal control over financial
reporting included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, and testing and
evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk. Our audits also included performing such other procedures as we
considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinions.
45
Definition and Limitations of Internal Control over Financial Reporting
A company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the
preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A company’s internal control over financial
reporting includes those policies and procedures that (i) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions
and dispositions of the assets of the company; (ii) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial
statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with
authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (iii) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized
acquisition, use, or disposition of the company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.
Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of
effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with
the policies or procedures may deteriorate.
Critical Audit Matters
The critical audit matter communicated below is a matter arising from the current period audit of the consolidated financial statements that was communicated or
required to be communicated to the audit committee and that (i) relates to accounts or disclosures that are material to the consolidated financial statements and (ii)
involved our especially challenging, subjective, or complex judgments. The communication of critical audit matters does not alter in any way our opinion on the
consolidated financial statements, taken as a whole, and we are not, by communicating the critical audit matter below, providing a separate opinion on the critical
audit matter or on the accounts or disclosures to which it relates.
Uncertain Tax Positions
As described in Notes 2 and 14 to the consolidated financial statements, the Company has recorded reserves for unrecognized tax benefits from uncertain tax
positions of $6.1 million as of December 31, 2020. Judgment is required to measure the amount of tax benefits that can be recognized associated with uncertain tax
positions. Management recognizes the tax benefit from an uncertain tax position only if it is more likely than not that the tax position will be sustained on
examination by the taxing authorities, based on the technical merits of the position. The tax benefits recognized from such positions are then measured based on the
largest benefit that has a greater than 50% likelihood of being realized.
The principal considerations for our determination that performing procedures relating to uncertain tax positions is a critical audit matter are (i) the significant
judgment by management when determining uncertain tax positions and measuring the amount of reserve required to be recognized, (ii) the significant auditor
judgment, subjectivity, and effort in performing procedures and evaluating audit evidence related to management’s identification of uncertain tax positions and
measurement of the amount of tax benefits recognized associated with uncertain tax positions, and (iii) the audit effort involved the use of professionals with
specialized skill and knowledge.
Addressing the matter involved performing procedures and evaluating audit evidence in connection with forming our overall opinion on the consolidated financial
statements. These procedures included testing the effectiveness of controls relating to the identification and recognition of the reserves for uncertain tax positions.
These procedures also included, among others (i) evaluating management’s process for identifying uncertain tax positions and measuring the amount of the reserve
required, (ii) testing the completeness of management’s assessment of the identification of uncertain tax positions, and (iii) testing the reasonableness of
management’s assessment of the technical merits of the tax positions and estimates of the amount of tax benefit expected to be realized. Professionals with
specialized skill and knowledge were used to assist in the evaluation of the Company’s uncertain tax positions related to the application of relevant tax laws.
/s/ PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP
Los Angeles, California
March 1, 2021
We have served as the Company’s auditor since 2012.
46
APPFOLIO, INC.
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(in thousands, except par values)
December 31,
2020
2019
Assets
Current assets
Cash and cash equivalents
Investment securities—current
Accounts receivable, net
Prepaid expenses and other current assets
Total current assets
Investment securities—noncurrent
Property and equipment, net
Operating lease right-of-use assets
Capitalized software development costs, net
Goodwill
Intangible assets, net
Deferred taxes
Other long-term assets
Total assets
Liabilities and Stockholders’ Equity
Current liabilities
Accounts payable
Accrued employee expenses
Accrued expenses
Deferred revenue
Income tax payable
Other current liabilities
Term loan, net—current portion
Total current liabilities
Operating lease liabilities
Term loan, net
Deferred taxes
Total liabilities
Commitments and contingencies (Note 11)
Stockholders’ equity:
Preferred stock, $0.0001 par value, 25,000 shares authorized and no shares issued and outstanding as of December 31, 2020
and December 31, 2019
Class A common stock, $0.0001 par value, 250,000 shares authorized as of December 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019;
19,148 and 16,923 shares issued as of December 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively; 18,729 and 16,552 shares
outstanding as of December 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively
Class B common stock, $0.0001 par value, 50,000 shares authorized as of December 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019;
15,659 and 17,594 shares issued and outstanding as of December 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively
Additional paid-in capital
Accumulated other comprehensive income
Treasury stock, at cost, 419 and 371 shares of Class A common stock as of December 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019,
respectively
Retained earnings (accumulated deficit)
Total stockholders’ equity
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity
$
$
$
$
140,263
28,256
10,057
20,777
199,353
6,770
26,439
30,561
35,459
56,147
16,357
12,181
6,213
389,480
1,040
18,888
14,069
2,262
9,095
4,451
—
49,805
40,146
—
13,609
103,560
—
2
2
161,247
56
(25,756)
150,369
285,920
389,480
$
$
$
$
15,813
22,876
7,562
15,540
61,791
12,089
14,744
27,803
30,023
58,425
21,377
27,574
6,276
260,102
1,927
17,758
10,833
4,600
—
11,139
1,208
47,465
33,312
47,375
—
128,152
—
2
2
161,509
33
(21,562)
(8,034)
131,950
260,102
The accompanying notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements are an integral part of these statements.
47
APPFOLIO, INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
(in thousands, except per share amounts)
Revenue
Costs and operating expenses:
Cost of revenue (exclusive of depreciation and amortization)
Sales and marketing
Research and product development
General and administrative
Depreciation and amortization
Total costs and operating expenses
Income from operations
Other income (expense), net
Interest (expense) income, net
Income before provision for (benefit from) income taxes
Provision for (benefit from) income taxes
Net income
Net income per common share:
Basic
Diluted
Weighted average common shares outstanding:
Basic
Diluted
2020
Year Ended December 31,
2019
2018
$
310,056 $
256,012 $
190,071
119,029
58,445
48,529
47,480
26,790
300,273
9,783
188,897
(1,849)
196,831
38,428
158,403 $
4.62 $
4.44 $
34,264
35,713
101,642
51,528
39,508
34,478
22,395
249,551
6,461
16
(1,654)
4,823
(31,459)
36,282 $
1.07 $
1.02 $
34,016
35,567
73,549
33,288
24,111
24,891
14,576
170,415
19,656
(56)
787
20,387
420
19,967
0.59
0.56
34,128
35,562
$
$
$
The accompanying notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements are an integral part of these statements.
48
APPFOLIO, INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME
(in thousands)
Net income
Other comprehensive income:
Changes in unrealized gains on investment securities
Comprehensive income
2020
Year Ended December 31,
2019
2018
158,403 $
36,282 $
19,967
23
158,426 $
211
36,493 $
31
19,998
$
$
The accompanying notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements are an integral part of these statements.
49
APPFOLIO, INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY
(in thousands)
Additional
Paid-in
Capital
Accumulated
Other
Comprehensive
Income (Loss)
Retained
Earnings/
(Accumulated
Deficit)
Treasury
Stock
Total
Common Stock
Class A
Shares
14,879 $
170
—
Amount
1
—
—
Common Stock
Class B
Shares
19,102 $
—
—
Amount
3
—
—
$
$
152,531
1,035
7,187
$
(209)
—
—
113
—
993
5
—
(371)
—
—
15,789
120
—
123
—
515
5
—
—
16,552
106
—
166
1,948
5
—
(48)
—
18,729 $
—
—
1
—
—
—
—
—
2
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
2
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
2
—
—
(993)
—
—
—
—
—
18,109
—
—
—
—
(515)
—
—
—
17,594
13
—
—
(1,948)
—
—
—
—
15,659 $
—
—
(1)
—
—
—
—
—
2
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
2
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
2
$
(2,890)
35
—
—
—
—
—
—
157,898
553
8,985
(5,933)
6
—
—
—
—
161,509
822
11,112
(12,196)
—
—
—
—
—
161,247
$
—
—
—
—
31
—
—
—
(178)
—
—
—
—
—
—
211
—
33
—
—
—
—
—
23
—
—
56
— $
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
(21,562)
—
—
(21,562)
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
(21,562)
—
—
—
—
—
—
(4,194)
—
$ (25,756) $
$
(67,247)
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
2,964
19,967
(44,316)
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
36,282
(8,034)
—
—
85,079
1,035
7,187
(2,890)
35
—
—
31
(21,562)
2,964
19,967
91,846
553
8,985
(5,933)
6
—
—
211
36,282
131,950
822
11,112
—
(12,196)
—
—
—
—
158,403
150,369
$
—
—
23
(4,194)
158,403
285,920
Balance at December 31, 2017
Exercise of stock options
Stock-based compensation
Vesting of restricted stock units, net of
shares withheld for taxes
Vesting of early exercised shares
Conversion of Class B stock to Class A
stock
Issuance of restricted stock awards
Other comprehensive income
Repurchase of common stock
Cumulative-effect adjustment resulting
from adoption of ASU 2014-09
Net income
Balance at December 31, 2018
Exercise of stock options
Stock-based compensation
Vesting of restricted stock units, net of
shares withheld for taxes
Vesting of early exercised shares
Conversion of Class B stock to Class A
stock
Issuance of restricted stock awards
Other comprehensive income
Net income
Balance at December 31, 2019
Exercise of stock options
Stock-based compensation
Vesting of restricted stock units, net of
shares withheld for taxes
Conversion of Class B stock to Class A
stock
Issuance of restricted stock awards
Other comprehensive income
Repurchase of common stock
Net income
Balance at December 31, 2020
The accompanying notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements are an integral part of these statements.
50
APPFOLIO, INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(in thousands)
Cash from operating activities
Net income
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
2020
Year Ended December 31,
2019
2018
$
158,403 $
36,282 $
19,967
Depreciation and amortization
Amortization of operating lease right-of-use assets
Deferred income taxes
Stock-based compensation
Gain on sale of business
Other
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Accounts receivable
Prepaid expenses and other current assets
Other assets
Accounts payable
Accrued employee expenses
Accrued expenses
Deferred revenue
Operating lease liabilities
Other liabilities
Net cash provided by operating activities
Cash from investing activities
Purchases of available-for-sale investments
Proceeds from sales of available-for-sale investments
Proceeds from maturities of available-for-sale investments
Purchases of property, equipment and intangible assets
Capitalization of software development costs
Cash paid in business acquisition, net of cash acquired
Proceeds from sale of business, net of cash divested
Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities
Cash from financing activities
Proceeds from stock option exercises
Tax withholding for net share settlement
Payment of contingent consideration
Proceeds from issuance of debt
Principal payments on debt
Payment of debt issuance costs
Purchase of treasury stock
Net cash (used in) provided by financing activities
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash
Beginning of period
End of period
26,790
3,701
29,002
9,025
(187,658)
125
(2,782)
(5,894)
(519)
(903)
2,799
6,878
530
(564)
9,366
48,299
(43,877)
16,711
27,330
(19,038)
(26,042)
—
191,427
146,511
822
(12,196)
(5,977)
50,752
(99,565)
—
(4,194)
(70,358)
124,452
22,395
4,130
(31,455)
7,309
—
32
(2,031)
(4,031)
1,376
511
4,542
55
1,193
(2,662)
1,241
38,887
(25,198)
2,750
15,660
(8,084)
(20,998)
(54,004)
—
(89,874)
553
(6,155)
—
2,169
(3,419)
(420)
—
(7,272)
(58,259)
16,247
140,699 $
$
74,506
16,247 $
51
14,576
—
—
6,337
—
224
(908)
(6,073)
(4,447)
614
1,219
3,281
(4,589)
—
6,067
36,268
(29,516)
20,900
32,819
(2,102)
(12,304)
(14,441)
—
(4,644)
1,035
(3,127)
—
50,138
(138)
—
(21,562)
26,346
57,970
16,536
74,506
APPFOLIO, INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(in thousands)
Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information
Cash paid for interest
Cash paid for income taxes
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities included in operating cash flows
Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for operating lease liabilities
Noncash investing and financing activities
Purchases of property and equipment included in accounts payable and accrued expenses
Capitalization of software development costs included in accrued expenses and accrued employee expenses
Stock-based compensation capitalized for software development
Purchase consideration for acquisitions included in other current liabilities
Debt issuance and other financing costs accrued, not paid
2020
Year Ended December 31,
2019
2018
$
$
1,815 $
85
2,198
6,644
370 $
383
2,087
—
—
2,169 $
545
5,007
14,986
3,447 $
1,187
1,844
5,977
—
118
82
—
—
518
825
1,087
—
371
The following table presents a reconciliation of cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash reported within the Consolidated Balance Sheets to the total of the
same such amounts shown above (in thousands):
Cash and cash equivalents
Restricted cash included in other assets
Total cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash
2020
140,263 $
436
140,699 $
$
$
December 31,
2019
15,813 $
434
16,247 $
2018
74,076
430
74,506
The accompanying notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements are an integral part of these statements.
52
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED AUDITED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
APPFOLIO, INC.
1. Nature of Business
AppFolio, Inc. ("we," "us" or "our") provides innovative software, services and data analytics to the real estate industry. Our industry-specific, cloud-
based solutions are used primarily by property managers, and also by numerous other constituencies in the property management business ecosystem. These other
constituencies include property owners, rental prospects, tenants and service providers, whom we refer to collectively as "users". Although specific functionality
varies by product, our core solutions are designed to enable our customers to digitally transform their businesses, address critical business operations and enable
exceptional customer service. In addition to our core solutions, we offer an array of optional, but often business-critical, Value+ services that are designed to
enhance, automate and streamline processes and workflows that are essential to our customers' businesses. Our Value+ services are generally available on an as-
needed basis and enable our customers to adapt our offerings to their specific operational requirements.
Our solutions and services are designed to be a system of record to automate essential business processes, a system of engagement to enhance business
interactions between our customers and their business ecosystems and a system of intelligence designed to leverage data to predict and optimize business
workflows in order to enable exceptional customer experiences and increase efficiency across our customers' businesses. Our mobile-optimized software solutions
are designed for use across multiple devices and operating systems. Our software solutions are offered as a service, are hosted using a modern cloud-based
architecture, and in part, use artificial intelligence technologies. This architecture leads to rich data sets that have a consistent schema across our customer and user
base and enables us to deploy data-powered products and services for our customers and users.
For the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018, our revenue was $310.1 million, $256.0 million and $190.1 million, respectively of which
$284.7 million, $231.1 million and $172.4 million, respectively, are derived from our software and services offered to the real estate vertical. During certain
periods covered by this Annual Report, we also provided software solutions and services to the legal vertical.
On September 30, 2020, we completed our divestiture of 100% of the issued and outstanding equity interests of MyCase, Inc. ("MyCase"), a former
wholly owned subsidiary that provided such legal practice and case management software solutions to our legal customers. We sold MyCase to Mockingbird
AcquisitionCo Inc., a Delaware corporation (“Buyer”) affiliated with funds advised by Apax Partners LLP, for $193.0 million pursuant to a Stock Purchase
Agreement, dated September 7, 2020 (the “Purchase Agreement”), by and among Buyer, us and MyCase (the “MyCase Transaction”). In connection with the
closing of the MyCase Transaction, and in accordance with the terms of the Purchase Agreement, we entered into certain ancillary agreements with MyCase,
including relating to certain post-closing transition services to be provided by us to MyCase at fair market value, as well as an intellectual property licensing
agreement for certain software and patents for which no ongoing licensing fees will be received. We recognized a pre-tax gain on the sale of $187.7 million on the
MyCase Transaction.
2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
Basis of Presentation and Significant Accounting Policies
The accompanying Consolidated Financial Statements were prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of
America (“GAAP”).
Reclassification
We reclassified certain amounts in our Consolidated Balance Sheet in the prior year to confirm to the current year's presentation.
Principles of Consolidation
The accompanying Consolidated Financial Statements include the operations of AppFolio, Inc. and its wholly owned subsidiaries. All intercompany
balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.
Our investment in SecureDocs, Inc. (“SecureDocs”) is accounted for under the equity method of accounting as we have the ability to exert significant
influence, but do not control and are not the primary beneficiary of the entity. Our investment in SecureDocs is not material and any income (loss) activity is not
material individually or in the aggregate to our Consolidated Financial Statements for any period presented.
53
Use of Estimates
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported
amounts of assets and liabilities and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the dates of the financial statements, and the reported amounts of revenue,
expenses, other income, and provision for income taxes during the reporting period. Assets and liabilities which are subject to judgment and use of estimates
include the fair value of assets and liabilities assumed in business combinations, fair value of financial instruments, capitalized software development costs, period
of benefit associated with deferred costs, incremental borrowing rate used to measure operating lease liabilities, the recoverability of goodwill and long-lived
assets, income taxes, useful lives associated with property and equipment and intangible assets, contingencies, and valuation and assumptions underlying stock-
based compensation and other equity instruments.
During early calendar year 2020, the novel coronavirus disease ("COVID-19") spread globally, including to every state in the United States. The global
pandemic has created and may continue to create significant uncertainty in a wide variety of industries and markets and has prompted many federal, state, local,
and foreign governments to adopt various orders and restrictions in an attempt to control the spread and mitigate the impact of the disease, which may reduce
demand for our core solutions and/or Value+ services, impact the productivity of our workforce, reduce our access to capital, and harm our business and results of
operations. These potential impacts are only amplified by the length of time they remain in place, as the cumulative effect upon our customers and their businesses
may only exacerbate potential harm to our business and results of operations.
In light of the unknown duration and severity of COVID-19, we face a greater degree of uncertainty than normal in making the judgments and estimates
needed to apply our significant accounting policies. We assessed certain accounting matters that generally require consideration of forecasted financial information
in context with the information reasonably available to us and the unknown future impacts of COVID-19 as of December 31, 2020 and through the date of this
report. The accounting matters assessed included, but were not limited to, our allowance for credit losses, the carrying value of goodwill and other long-lived
assets, performance-based compensation and income taxes.
As of the date of our Consolidated Financial Statements, we are not aware of any specific event or circumstance that would require us to update our
estimates or judgments or to revise the carrying value of our assets or liabilities. However, these estimates and judgments may change as new events occur and
additional information is obtained, which may result in changes being recognized in our consolidated financial statements in future periods. While we considered
the effects of COVID-19 in our estimates and assumptions, due to the level of uncertainty regarding the economic and operational impacts of COVID-19 on our
business, there may be other judgments and assumptions that we have not considered. Such judgments and assumptions could result in a meaningful impact on our
Consolidated Financial Statements in future periods. Actual results could differ from those estimates and any such differences may have a material impact on our
Consolidated Financial Statements.
Segment Information
Our chief operating decision maker reviews financial information presented on an aggregated and consolidated basis, together with revenue information
for our core solutions, Value+ and other service offerings, principally to make decisions about how to allocate resources and to measure our performance.
Accordingly, management has determined that we have one reportable and operating segment.
Concentrations of Credit Risk
Financial instruments that potentially subject us to credit risk consist principally of cash, cash equivalents, restricted cash, accounts receivable, investment
securities and notes receivable. We maintain cash balances at financial institutions in excess of amounts insured by United States government agencies or payable
by the United States government directly. We place our cash with high credit, quality financial institutions. We invest in investment securities with a minimum
rating of A by Standard & Poor's or A-1 by Moody's and regularly monitor our investment security portfolio for changes in credit ratings.
Concentrations of credit risk with respect to accounts receivable and revenue are limited due to a large, diverse customer base. No individual customer
represented 10% or more of accounts receivable at December 31, 2020 and 2019 or revenue for the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018.
Fair Value Measurements
Fair value is defined as the exchange price that would be received for an asset or paid to transfer a liability (an exit price) in the principal or most
advantageous market for the asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market participants on the measurement date.
54
Valuation techniques used to measure fair value must maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs. Accounting
Standard Codification 820, Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures, describes a fair value hierarchy based on three levels of inputs, of which the first two are
considered observable and the last unobservable, that may be used to measure fair value, which are the following:
Level 1 - Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities or funds.
Level 2 - Inputs other than Level 1 that are observable, either directly or indirectly, such as quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities;
quoted prices in markets that are not active; or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data for substantially the
full term of the assets or liabilities.
Level 3 - Unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market activity and that are significant to the fair value of the assets or
liabilities.
Cash, Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash
We consider all highly liquid investments, readily convertible to cash, and which have a remaining maturity date of three months or less at the date of
purchase, to be cash equivalents. Cash and cash equivalents are recorded at fair value and consist primarily of bank deposits, treasury securities, and money market
funds.
Restricted cash of $0.4 million at December 31, 2020 and 2019, is comprised of certificates of deposits relating to collateral requirements for customer
automated clearing house and credit card chargebacks and minimum collateral requirements for our insurance services, which are recorded in other long-term
assets.
Investment Securities
Our investment securities currently consist of corporate bonds, United States government agency securities and treasury securities. We classify
investment securities as available-for-sale at the time of purchase and reevaluate such classification at each balance sheet date. All investments are recorded at
estimated fair value. Unrealized gains and losses for available-for-sale investment securities are included in accumulated other comprehensive income, a
component of stockholders’ equity. We classify our investments as current when the period of time between the reporting date and the contractual maturity is
twelve months or less and as noncurrent when the period of time between the reporting date and the contractual maturity is more than twelve months.
For available-for-sale debt securities in an unrealized loss position, we first assess whether we intend to sell, or whether it is more likely than not that we
will be required to sell the security before recovery of its amortized cost basis. If either of these criteria is met, the security’s amortized cost basis is written down
to fair value through income. For securities in an unrealized loss position that do not meet these criteria, we evaluate whether the decline in fair value has resulted
from credit loss or other factors. If this assessment indicates a credit loss exists, the credit-related portion of the loss is recorded as an allowance for losses on the
security. No allowance for credit losses for available-for-sale investment securities was recorded as of December 31, 2020.
Accounts Receivable
Accounts receivable are recorded at the invoiced amount, net of an allowance for credit losses. The allowance for credit losses is based on historical loss
experience, the number of days that receivables are past due, and an evaluation of the potential risk of loss associated with delinquent accounts. Accounts
receivable considered uncollectible are charged against the allowance for credit losses when identified. We do not have any off-balance sheet credit exposure
related to our customers. At December 31, 2020 and 2019, our allowance for credit losses was not material.
Property and Equipment
Property and equipment is stated at cost, less accumulated depreciation. Depreciation is calculated using the straight-line method over the estimated useful
lives of assets. The estimated useful lives of our property and equipment are as follows:
Asset Type
Computer equipment
Furniture and fixtures
Office equipment
Leasehold improvements
Depreciation Period
3 years
7 years
3 to 5 years
Shorter of remaining life of lease or asset life
Repair and maintenance costs are expensed as incurred. Renewals and improvements are capitalized. Assets disposed of or retired are removed from the
cost and accumulated depreciation accounts and any resulting gain or loss is reflected in our results of operations.
55
Leases
We determine if an arrangement is a lease at inception. Operating leases are included in prepaid expenses and other current assets, operating lease ROU
assets, other current liabilities, and operating lease liabilities on our Consolidated Balance Sheets. Operating lease ROU assets and operating lease liabilities are
recognized based on the present value of the future minimum lease payments, over the lease term at commencement date. As none of our leases provide an implicit
rate, we use our incremental borrowing rate based on the information available at commencement date in determining the present value of future payments. The
operating lease ROU assets also include any lease payments made to the lessor before or at the lease commencement date and excludes lease incentives received
and initial direct costs incurred. Our lease terms may include options to extend the lease when it is reasonably certain that we will exercise that option.
Lease expense for minimum lease payments is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term. We have lease arrangements with lease and non-
lease components, which are generally accounted for as a single lease component. Leases with an initial term of twelve months or less are not recorded on the
balance sheet; we recognize lease expense for these leases on a straight-line basis over the lease term.
Capitalized Software Development Costs
Software development cost consist of certain payroll and stock compensation costs incurred to develop functionality of our internal-use software
solutions. We capitalize certain software development costs for new offerings as well as significant upgrades and enhancements to our existing software solutions.
Capitalized software development costs are amortized using the straight-line method over an estimated useful life of three years. We do not transfer ownership of
our software, license, or lease our software to third parties. We believe there are two key estimates within the capitalized software balance, which are the
determination of the useful life of the software and the determination of the amounts to be capitalized.
We determined that a three year life is appropriate for our internal-use software based on our best estimate of the useful life of the internally developed
software after considering factors such as continuous developments in the technology, obsolescence and anticipated life of the service offering before significant
upgrades. Based on our prior experience, internally generated software will generally remain in use for a minimum of three years before being significantly
replaced or modified to keep up with evolving customer and company needs. While we do not anticipate any significant changes to this three year estimate, a
change in this estimate could produce a material impact on our financial statements.
We determine the amount of internal software costs to be capitalized based on the amount of time spent by our software engineers on projects. Costs
associated with building or significantly enhancing our software solutions and new internally built software solutions are capitalized, while costs associated with
planning new developments and maintaining our software solutions are expensed as incurred. There is judgment involved in estimating the stage of development as
well as estimating time allocated to a particular project. A significant change in the time spent on each project could have a material impact on the amount
capitalized and related amortization expense.
Goodwill and Intangible Assets
Goodwill represents the excess of the purchase price over the estimated fair value of the net tangible and identifiable intangible assets acquired in business
combinations. Goodwill is tested for impairment at least annually at the reporting unit level or at other times if an event occurs or circumstances change that would
more likely than not reduce the fair value of a reporting unit below its carrying amount.
We have the option to assess goodwill for possible impairment by performing a qualitative analysis to determine whether the existence of events or
circumstances leads to a determination that it is more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount. A quantitative
assessment is performed if the qualitative assessment results in a more-likely-than-not determination or if a qualitative assessment is not performed. The
quantitative assessment considers whether the carrying amount of a reporting unit exceeds its fair value, in which case an impairment charge is recorded to the
extent that the reporting unit’s carrying value exceeds its fair value.
We have one reporting unit and we test for goodwill impairment annually during the fourth quarter of the calendar year. Additionally, in connection with
the disposal of goodwill associated with the MyCase Transaction, we performed a goodwill impairment assessment as of September 30, 2020 on our remaining
goodwill balance. Based on the assessments performed at September 30, 2020 and November 1, 2020, we determined it was unlikely that our reporting unit fair
value was less than its carrying value and no quantitative impairment test assessment was required. There were no indicators that our goodwill has become
impaired since that date, and as such, there was no impairment charges recorded.
No impairment losses were recorded for goodwill during the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018.
56
Intangible assets primarily consist of acquired database and technology, non-compete agreements, customer and partner relationships, trademarks and
trade names, domain names and patents, which are recorded at cost, less accumulated amortization. We determine the appropriate useful life of our intangible
assets by performing an analysis of expected cash flows of the acquired assets. Intangible assets are amortized over their estimated useful lives on a straight-line
basis, which approximates the pattern in which the economic benefits of the assets are consumed.
Impairment of Long-Lived Assets
We assess the recoverability of our long-lived assets when events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value of an asset may not be
recoverable or that the useful lives of those assets are no longer appropriate. An impairment charge would be recognized when the carrying amount of a long-lived
asset or asset group is not recoverable and exceeds its fair value. The carrying amount of a long-lived asset or asset group is not recoverable if it exceeds the sum of
the undiscounted cash flows expected to result from the use and eventual disposition of the asset or asset group. There were no impairment charges related to the
identified long-lived assets for the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018.
Business Combinations
The results of a business acquired in a business combination are included in our Consolidated Financial Statements from the date of acquisition. We
allocate the purchase price, including the fair value of contingent consideration, to the identifiable assets and liabilities of the acquired business at their acquisition
date fair values. The excess of the purchase price over the amount allocated to the identifiable assets and liabilities, if any, is recorded as goodwill.
Determining the fair value of assets acquired and liabilities assumed requires management to make significant judgments and estimates, including the
selection of valuation methodologies, estimates of future revenue and cash flows, discount rates and selection of comparable companies. We engage the assistance
of valuation specialists in concluding on fair value measurements in connection with determining fair values of assets acquired and liabilities assumed in a business
combination.
Acquisition-related transaction costs are not included as a component of consideration transferred, but are accounted for as an operating expense in the
period in which the costs are incurred.
Revenue Recognition
We generate revenue from our customers primarily for subscriptions to access our core solutions and Value+ services for our cloud-based software
solutions. Revenue is recognized upon transfer of control of promised services in an amount that reflects the consideration we expect to receive in exchange for
those services. We enter into contracts that can include various combinations of services, which are generally capable of being distinct, distinct within the context
of the contract, and accounted for as separate performance obligations. Revenue is recognized net of any taxes collected from customers, which are subsequently
remitted to governmental authorities. Refer to Note 15, Revenue and Other Information for the disaggregated breakdown of revenue between core solutions,
Value+ services and other revenue.
Core Solutions
We charge our customers on a subscription basis for our core solutions. Our subscription fees are designed to scale to the size of our customers'
businesses. Subscription fees for our core solutions are charged on a per-unit per-month basis for our property management software solution and on a per-user
per-month basis for our legal software solution. Our customers do not have rights to the underlying software code of our solutions, and, accordingly, we recognize
subscription revenue over time on a straight-line basis over the contract term beginning on the date that our service is made available to the customer. The term of
our core solutions subscription agreements typically ranges from one month to one year. We typically invoice our customers for subscription services in monthly or
annual installments, in advance of the subscription period.
Value+ Services
We charge our customers on a subscription or usage basis for our Value+ services. Subscription-based fees are charged on a per-unit basis. We typically
invoice our customers for subscription-based services in monthly installments, in advance of the subscription period. We recognize revenue for subscription-based
services over time on a straight-line basis over the contract term beginning on the date that our service is made available to the customer. Usage-based fees are
charged on a flat rate per transaction basis with no minimum usage commitments. We recognize revenue for usage-based services in the period the service is
rendered. We generally invoice our customers for usage-based services on a monthly basis for services rendered in the preceding month. In addition, some
subscription or usage-based Value+ services, such as fees for electronic payment services, are paid by either our customers or clients of our customers at the time
the services are rendered.
57
We work with third-party partners to provide certain of our Value+ services. For these Value+ services, we evaluate whether we are the principal, and
report revenue on a gross basis, or the agent, and report revenue on a net basis. In this assessment we consider if we obtain control of the specified services before
they are transferred to the customer, as well as other indicators such as whether we are the party primarily responsible for fulfillment, and whether we have
discretion in establishing price.
Other Revenue
Other revenue include fees from one-time services related to the implementation of our software solutions and other recurring or one-time fees related to
our customers who are not otherwise using our core solutions. This includes legacy customers of businesses we have acquired where the customers haven't
migrated to our core solutions. The fees for implementation and data migration services are billed upon signing our core subscription contract and are not
recognized until the core solution is accessible and fully functional for our customer's use. Other services are billed when the services rendered are completed and
delivered to the customer or billed in advance and deferred over the subscription period.
Contracts with Multiple Performance Obligations
Many of our contracts with customers contain multiple performance obligations. Determining whether products and services are considered distinct
performance obligations that should be accounted for separately versus together may require judgment. We account for individual performance obligations
separately if they are distinct. The performance obligations for these contracts include access and use of our core solutions, implementation services, and customer
support. Access and use of our core solutions and implementation services are considered distinct.
The transaction price is allocated to each performance obligation on a relative standalone selling price basis. Judgment is required to determine the
standalone selling price for each distinct performance obligation. We typically have more than one standalone selling price for individual products and services due
to the stratification of those products and services by customers and circumstances. In these instances, we determine the standalone selling price based on our
overall pricing objectives, taking into consideration customer demographics and other factors. Fees are fixed based on rates specified in the subscription
agreements, which do not provide for any refunds or adjustments.
Deferred Revenue
We record deferred revenue when cash payments are received in advance of our performance. During the twelve months ended December 31, 2020 and
2019, we recognized revenue of $4.5 million and $3.4 million, respectively, that were included in the deferred revenue balances at December 31, 2019 and 2018,
respectively.
Our payment terms vary by the type of our customer and the products or services offered. The time between invoicing and when payment is due is not
significant. In instances where the timing of revenue recognition differs from the timing of invoicing, we have determined that our contracts do not include a
significant financing component.
Practical Expedients
In determining the transaction price, we have applied the practical expedient which allows us not to adjust the consideration for the effects of the time
value of money as long as the time between when we transfer the promised service to a customer and when a customer pays is one year or less.
We do not disclose the value of unsatisfied performance obligations for contracts with an original expected term of one year or less.
We recognize revenue in proportion to the amount we have the right to invoice for certain core solutions and Value+ services revenue, as that amount
corresponds directly with our performance completed to date.
Deferred Costs
Deferred costs, which primarily consist of sales commissions, are considered incremental and recoverable costs of obtaining a contract with a customer.
These costs are deferred and then amortized on a straight-line basis over a period of benefit that we have determined to be three years. We typically do not pay
commissions for contract renewals. We determined the period of benefit by taking into consideration our customer contract term, the useful life of our internal-use
software, average customer life, and other factors. Amortization expense for the deferred costs is allocated based on the employee's department and included within
sales and marketing expense in the accompanying Consolidated Statements of Operations.
58
Deferred costs were $10.3 million and $9.5 million at December 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively, of which $5.5 million and $4.8 million, respectively,
are included in prepaid expenses and other current assets and $4.8 million and $4.6 million, respectively, are included in other assets in the accompanying
Consolidated Balance Sheets. Amortization expense for deferred costs was $5.8 million, $4.2 million, and $2.0 million for the years ended December 31, 2020,
2019, and 2018, respectively. For the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019, no impairments were identified in relation to the costs capitalized for the periods
presented.
Cost of Revenue
Cost of revenue includes the fees paid to these third-party service providers (including legal fees and costs associated with the delivery and provision of
those services, as well as loss reserves and other costs associated with our legal liability to landlord insurance services), which vary both in cost and as a percent of
revenue for each Value+ service offering, personnel-related costs (including salaries, performance-based compensation, benefits, and stock-based compensation)
for our employees focused on customer service and the support of our operations, platform infrastructure costs (such as data center operations and hosting-related
costs), payment processing fees and allocated shared costs. Cost of revenue excludes depreciation of property and equipment, and amortization of capitalized
software development costs and intangible assets.
Sales and Marketing
Sales and marketing expense consists of personnel-related costs (including salaries, sales commissions, performance-based compensation, benefits, and
stock-based compensation) for our employees focused on sales and marketing, costs associated with sales and marketing activities, and allocated shared and other
costs. Marketing activities include advertising, online lead generation, lead nurturing, customer and industry events, and the creation of industry-related content
and collateral. Sales commissions and other incremental costs to acquire customers and grow adoption and utilization of our Value+ services by our new and
existing customers are deferred and then amortized on a straight-line basis over a period of benefit, which we have determined to be three years. We focus our sales
and marketing efforts on generating awareness of our software solutions, creating sales leads, establishing and promoting our brands, and cultivating an educated
community of successful and vocal customers. Advertising expenses were $7.0 million, $5.8 million and $4.5 million for each of the years ended December 31,
2020, 2019 and 2018, respectively, and are expensed as incurred.
Research and Product Development
Research and product development expense consists of personnel-related costs (including salaries, performance-based compensation, benefits, and stock-
based compensation) for our employees focused on research and product development, fees for third-party development resources, and allocated shared and other
costs. Our research and product development efforts are focused on enhancing functionality and the ease of use of our existing software solutions by adding new
core functionality, Value+ services and other improvements, as well as developing new products and services for new and existing markets. We capitalize our
software development costs which meet the criteria for capitalization. Amortization of capitalized software development costs is included in depreciation and
amortization expense.
General and Administrative
General and administrative expense consists of personnel-related costs (including salaries, a majority of total performance-based compensation, benefits,
and stock-based compensation) for employees in our executive, finance, information technology, human resources, legal, compliance, corporate development and
administrative organizations. In addition, general and administrative expense includes fees for third-party professional services (including audit, legal, compliance,
tax, and consulting services), transaction costs related to business combinations and divestitures, regulatory fines and penalties, other corporate expenses, and
allocated shared costs.
Depreciation and Amortization
Depreciation and amortization expense includes depreciation of property and equipment, amortization of capitalized software development costs, and
amortization of intangible assets. We depreciate or amortize property and equipment, software development costs, and intangible assets over their expected useful
lives on a straight-line basis, which approximates the pattern in which the economic benefits of the assets are consumed.
Stock-Based Compensation
We recognize stock-based compensation expense for stock-based awards granted to employees and directors that can be settled in shares of our common
stock. We estimate the fair value of stock options and performance-based stock options ("PSOs"), using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model. We estimate the
fair value of restricted stock awards ("RSAs"), restricted stock units ("RSUs") and performance-based RSUs or performance share units ("PSUs") based on the fair
value of our common stock on the date of grant.
59
Stock Options
For the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019, and 2018 we did not grant time-based stock options or PSOs.
Restricted Stock Units
RSUs generally vest in equal tranches over four annual periods and are expensed on a straight-line basis over the vesting period. The shares underlying
the RSU grants are not issued and outstanding until the applicable vesting date.
Performance-Based Equity Awards
Our PSUs include performance conditions that require us to estimate the probable outcome of the performance condition. This assessment is based on
management's judgment using internally developed forecasts and assessed at each reporting period. Compensation cost is recorded if it is probable that the
performance condition will be achieved. Adjustments to compensation expense are made each period based on changes in our estimate of the number of PSUs that
are probable of vesting. PSUs will vest upon achievement of the relevant performance metric once such calculation is reviewed and approved by our Board of
Directors.
Forfeiture Rate
We estimate a forfeiture rate to calculate our stock-based compensation expense for our stock-based awards. The forfeiture rate is based on an analysis of
actual forfeitures. We will continue to evaluate the appropriateness of the forfeiture rate based on actual forfeiture experience, analysis of employee turnover, and
other factors. Changes in the estimated forfeiture rate can have a significant impact on our stock-based compensation expense as the cumulative effect of adjusting
the rate is recognized in the period the estimated forfeiture rate is changed. If a revised forfeiture rate is higher than the previously-estimated forfeiture rate, an
adjustment is made that will result in a decrease to our stock-based compensation expense recognized in our Consolidated Financial Statements. If a revised
forfeiture rate is lower than the previously-estimated forfeiture rate, an adjustment is made that will result in an increase to our stock-based compensation expense
recognized in our Consolidated Financial Statements.
Income Taxes
We recognize deferred tax liabilities and assets for the expected future tax consequences of temporary differences between the carrying amounts and the
tax bases of assets and liabilities. Deferred income tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in
which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. The effect of a change in tax rates on deferred tax assets and liabilities is recognized in
the Consolidated Statements of Operations in the period that includes the enactment date. A valuation allowance is recorded when it is more likely than not that
some of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. In evaluating the need for a valuation allowance, management considers the weighting of all available positive
and negative evidence, which includes, among other things, the nature, frequency and severity of current and cumulative taxable income or losses, future
projections of profitability, and the duration of statutory carryforward periods.
Judgment is required to measure the amount of tax benefits that can be recognized associated with uncertain tax positions. We recognize the tax benefit
from an uncertain tax position only if it is more likely than not that the tax position will be sustained on examination by the taxing authorities, based on the
technical merits of the position. The tax benefits recognized in our Consolidated Financial Statements from such positions are then measured based on the largest
benefit that has a greater than 50% likelihood of being realized. We recognize interest and penalties accrued with respect to uncertain tax positions, if any, in our
provision for income taxes in the Consolidated Statements of Operations.
60
Net Income per Share
Basic net income per share includes no dilution and is computed by dividing net income for the period by the weighted average number of common shares
outstanding during the period. Diluted net income per share is computed by dividing net income for the period by the weighted average number of shares of
common stock and potentially dilutive common stock outstanding during the period. The dilutive effect of outstanding options and equity incentive awards is
reflected in diluted net income per share by application of the treasury stock method. The calculation of diluted net income per share excludes all anti-dilutive
common shares.
The net income per common share was the same for our Class A and Class B common shares because they are entitled to the same liquidation and
dividend rights and are therefore combined in the table below. The following table presents a reconciliation of our weighted average number of Class A and Class
B common shares used to compute net income per share (in thousands):
Weighted average common shares outstanding
Less: Weighted average unvested restricted shares subject to repurchase
Weighted average common shares outstanding; basic
Weighted average common shares outstanding; basic
Plus: Weighted average options, restricted stock units and restricted shares used to compute diluted net
income per common share
Weighted average common shares outstanding; diluted
Year Ended December 31,
2019
2018
2020
34,269
5
34,264
34,264
1,449
35,713
34,020
4
34,016
34,016
1,551
35,567
34,139
11
34,128
34,128
1,434
35,562
For the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018, an aggregate of 79,000, 187,000 and 358,000 shares, respectively, underlying PSOs and PSUs
were not included in the computations of diluted and anti-dilutive shares as they are considered contingently issuable upon satisfaction of pre-defined performance
measures and their respective performance measures have not been met. RSUs with an anti-dilutive effect were excluded from the calculation of weighted average
number of shares used to compute diluted net income per common share and they were not material for the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018.
Recent Accounting Pronouncements Adopted in 2018
In May 2014, the Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") issued the New Revenue Standard, which requires an entity to recognize the amount
of revenue to which it expects to be entitled for the transfer of promised goods or services to customers. The New Revenue Standard also includes Subtopic 340-
40, Other Assets and Deferred Costs - Contracts with Customers, which discusses the deferral of incremental costs of obtaining a contract with a customer.
We adopted the New Revenue Standard at January 1, 2018 using the modified retrospective transition method applied to those contracts which were not
completed at that date. We recognized the cumulative effect of initially applying the New Revenue Standard as an adjustment to the opening balance of retained
earnings.
The adoption of the New Revenue Standard did not have an impact on our revenues. It did, however, have a significant impact related to the deferral of
incremental costs of obtaining contracts. Prior to the adoption of the New Revenue Standard, our commissions were expensed as incurred.
61
The cumulative effects of the changes made to our Consolidated Balance Sheet at January 1, 2018 for the adoption of the New Revenue Standard were as
follows (in thousands):
Assets
Prepaid expenses and other current assets
Other assets
Equity
Accumulated deficit
Balance at
December 31, 2017
Adjustments
Balance at
January 1, 2018
$
4,546
1,238
$
1,148
1,816
5,694
3,054
(67,247)
$
2,964
$
(64,283)
$
$
Recent Accounting Pronouncements Adopted in 2019
In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-02, Leases ("ASU 2016-02"), which requires an entity to recognize ROU assets and lease liabilities on
its balance sheet and disclose key information about leasing arrangements. ASU 2016-02 offers specific accounting guidance for a lessee, a lessor and sale and
leaseback transactions. Lessees and lessors are required to disclose qualitative and quantitative information about leasing arrangements to enable a user of the
financial statements to assess the amount, timing and uncertainty of cash flows arising from leases. In July 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-11, Leases
(Topic 842): Targeted Improvements ("ASU 2018-11"). Among other things, ASU 2018-11 provides administrative relief by allowing entities to implement the
lease standard on a modified retrospective basis (the "Optional Transition Method"). Effectively, the Optional Transition Method permits us to adopt the lease
standard through a cumulative effect adjustment to our opening balance sheet as of January 1, 2019, and report under the new lease standard on a post-adoption
basis.
We adopted ASU 2016-02 effective January 1, 2019, using the Optional Transition Method. We elected the package of practical expedients permitted
under the transition guidance, which allows us to carry forward our historical lease classification, our assessment of whether a contract is or contains a lease, and
our initial direct costs for any leases that existed prior to adoption of the new lease standard. The comparative information has not been recast and continues to be
reported under the accounting standards in effect for those periods. We updated our accounting policies, processes, internal controls and information systems that
were required to meet the new lease standard's reporting and disclosure requirements.
The adoption of ASU 2016-02 had a material impact on our Consolidated Balance Sheets, but did not have an impact on our Consolidated Statements of
Operations or our Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows. The most significant impact was the recognition of ROU assets and lease liabilities for operating
leases. We also reclassified prepaid and deferred rent to the ROU asset balance as of January 1, 2019.
The cumulative effect of the changes made to our Consolidated Balance Sheet at January 1, 2019 for the adoption of the new lease standard was as
follows (in thousands):
Assets
Prepaid expenses and other current assets
Operating lease right-of-use assets
Liabilities and Stockholders’ Equity
Other current liabilities
Operating lease liabilities
Other long-term liabilities
Balance at
December 31, 2018
Adjustments
Balance at
January 1, 2019
$
$
$
$
11,775
—
1,447
—
7,080
$
$
(317)
16,945
3,493
20,056
(6,921)
11,458
16,945
4,940
20,056
159
Recent Accounting Pronouncements Adopted in 2020
In June 2016, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update ("ASU") No. 2016-13, Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of
Credit Losses on Financial Instruments ("ASU 2016-13"), which amends the current accounting guidance and requires the measurement of all expected losses
based on historical experience, current conditions and reasonable and supportable forecasts. This guidance amends the accounting for credit losses for available-
for-sale investment securities and purchased financial assets with credit deterioration. We adopted ASU 2016-13 on January 1, 2020. The adoption of this guidance
did not have a material impact on our financial condition, results of operations, cash flows or disclosures.
62
In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-15, Intangibles—Goodwill and Other—Internal-Use Software (Subtopic 350-40): Customer’s
Accounting for Implementation Costs Incurred in a Cloud Computing Arrangement That Is a Service Contract ("ASU 2018-15"), a series of amendments which
align the requirements for capitalizing implementation costs incurred in a hosting arrangement that is a service contract with the requirements for capitalizing
implementation costs incurred to develop or obtain internal-use software (and hosting arrangements that include an internal use software license). The accounting
for the service element of a hosting arrangement that is a service contract is not affected by these amendments. We adopted ASU 2018-15 on January 1, 2020. The
adoption of this guidance did not have a material impact on our financial condition, results of operations, cash flows or disclosures.
Recent Accounting Pronouncements Not Yet Adopted
In December 2019, the FASB issued ASU No. 2019-12, Income Taxes (Topic 740): Simplifying the Accounting for Income Taxes ("ASU 2019-12"). This
amendment was issued to simplify the accounting for income taxes by removing certain exceptions for recognizing deferred taxes, performing intraperiod
allocation, and calculating income taxes in interim periods. Further, ASU 2019-12 adds guidance to reduce complexity in certain areas, including recognizing
deferred taxes for tax basis goodwill and allocating taxes to members of a consolidated group. This guidance also requires an entity to reflect the effect of an
enacted change in tax laws or rates in its effective income tax rate in the first interim period that includes the enactment date of the new legislation, aligning the
timing of recognition of the effects from enacted tax law changes on the effective income tax rate with the effects on deferred income tax assets and liabilities.
Under existing guidance, an entity recognizes the effects of the enacted tax law change on the effective income tax rate in the period that includes the effective date
of the tax law. This guidance is effective for interim and annual periods beginning after December 15, 2020 with early adoption permitted. We do not expect the
adoption of this guidance to have a material impact on our financial condition, results of operations, cash flows or disclosures.
3. Divestitures and Business Combinations
Divestiture of MyCase
On September 30, 2020, we completed the MyCase Transaction for $193.0 million, consisting of $192.2 million of cash proceeds, plus a $2.2 million
employee retention bonus pool funded by us, less cash divested of $0.8 million and a preliminary working capital adjustment of $0.6 million. The retention bonus
pool is refundable to us to the extent that MyCase employees are terminated prior to the retention period, which is one year from the closing date of the MyCase
Transaction. A portion of the cash proceeds was used to pay all outstanding borrowings under the Credit Facility. Refer to Note 10, Long-Term Debt, of our
Consolidated Financial Statements for more information about the termination of the Credit Facility.
We recognized a pre-tax gain on the sale of $187.7 million on the MyCase Transaction, consisting of cash proceeds of $192.2 million, less net assets
divested of $4.6 million. Net assets divested is primarily comprised of capitalized software development costs of $3.9 million, deferred revenue of $2.8 million and
goodwill allocated to MyCase of $2.3 million. The gain on the sale is included within Other income (expense), net in our Consolidated Statements of Operations.
Income received in relation to the transition services provided by us to MyCase of $1.1 million is included within Other income (expense), net in our Consolidated
Statements of Operations. Refer to Note 1, Nature of Business, of our Consolidated Financial Statements for more information about the MyCase Transaction.
Acquisition of Dynasty
On January 7, 2019, we acquired 100% of the voting equity interest of Dynasty Marketplace, Inc. ("Dynasty") for $60.2 million, of which $6.0 million the
"Holdback Amount") was retained by us to satisfy any necessary adjustments, including without limitation certain indemnification claims. The balance of the
Holdback Amount, less any amount retained with respect to any unresolved indemnification claims, was released to the stockholders of Dynasty on January 10,
2020 in accordance with the terms of the purchase agreement. Dynasty is a provider of advanced artificial intelligence solutions for the real estate vertical, which
automate leasing communications, replace manual tasks and help customers grow their portfolios.
The transaction was accounted for using the acquisition method and, as a result, assets acquired and liabilities assumed were recorded at their estimated
fair values as of the acquisition date. Determining the fair value of assets acquired and liabilities assumed requires management to make significant judgments and
estimates, including the selection of valuation methodologies and comparable companies, estimates of future revenue and cash flows, discount rates, and the
software decay rate and database ramp up rate. The following table summarizes the final purchase price allocation (in thousands), as well as the estimated useful
lives of the acquired intangible assets over which they are amortized on a straight-line basis, as this approximates the pattern in which we expect the economic
benefits will be consumed:
63
Total current assets
Identified intangible assets:
Technology
Database
Customer relationships
Backlog
Trademark & trade name
Non-compete agreement
Total intangible assets subject to amortization
Goodwill
Other noncurrent assets
Total assets acquired
Accrued and other liabilities
Deferred tax liability, net
Total liabilities assumed
Purchase consideration
Amount
(in thousands)
Estimated Useful Life (in
years)
$
305
4.0
10.0
5.0
1.0
10.0
5.0
6.0
Indefinite
5,730
4,710
1,110
470
1,390
7,340
20,750
42,877
35
63,967
48
3,711
3,759
60,208
$
Goodwill is mainly attributable to synergies expected from the acquisition and assembled workforce and is non-deductible for U.S. federal income tax
purposes.
We incurred a total of $0.3 million in transaction costs related to the acquisition and expensed all transaction costs incurred during the period in which
such service was received.
Pro Forma Results of Operations
The following unaudited pro forma information has been prepared for illustrative purposes only, and assumes that the aforementioned Dynasty acquisition
occurred on January 1, 2018, and includes pro forma adjustments related to the amortization of acquired intangible assets, elimination of historical interest and
amortization expense, income taxes, compensation arrangements, and the transaction costs incurred. The unaudited pro forma results have been prepared based on
estimates and assumptions, which we believe are reasonable; however, they are not necessarily indicative of the consolidated results of operations had the
acquisitions occurred at the beginning of the periods presented, or of future results of operations. The unaudited pro forma results are as follows (in thousands):
Revenue
Net income
Year Ended December 31,
2019
2018
$
256,047 $
32,339
193,405
5,937
64
4. Investment Securities and Fair Value Measurements
Investment Securities
Investment securities classified as available-for-sale consisted of the following at December 31, 2020 and 2019 (in thousands):
Agency securities
Treasury securities
Total available-for-sale investment securities
Corporate bonds
Agency securities
Treasury securities
Total available-for-sale investment securities
$
$
$
$
Amortized Cost
December 31, 2020
Gross Unrealized Gains Gross Unrealized Losses
(1)
—
(1)
29
47
76
$
$
17,104 $
17,847
34,951 $
Amortized Cost
December 31, 2019
Gross Unrealized Gains Gross Unrealized Losses
(1)
—
(1)
(2)
18
17
12
47
$
$
9,597 $
11,101
14,222
34,920 $
Estimated Fair Value
17,132
$
17,894
35,026
$
Estimated Fair Value
9,614
$
11,118
14,233
34,965
$
At December 31, 2019, the unrealized losses on investment securities which have been in a net loss position for twelve months or greater were not
material. These unrealized losses are considered temporary and there were no impairments considered to be "other-than-temporary" based on our evaluation of
available evidence, which includes our intent to hold these investments to maturity or a recovery of the cost basis.
At December 31, 2020 and 2019, the contractual maturities of our investments did not exceed 36 months. The fair values of available-for-sale
investments, by remaining contractual maturity, are as follows (in thousands):
December 31, 2020
December 31, 2019
Due in one year or less
Due after one year through three years
Total available-for-sale investment securities
$
$
Amortized Cost
28,197 $
6,754
34,951 $
Estimated Fair Value
28,256
6,770
35,026
Amortized Cost
22,846 $
12,074
34,920 $
Estimated Fair Value
22,876
12,089
34,965
$
$
During the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019, we had sales and maturities (which include calls) of investment securities, as follows (in
thousands):
Corporate bonds
Agency securities
Treasury securities
Year Ended December 31, 2020
Gross Realized Gains
6
25
4
35
$
$
Gross Realized Losses
—
$
—
(2)
(2)
$
Gross Proceeds from
Sales
Gross Proceeds from
Maturities
$
$
4,006 $
7,878
4,827
16,711 $
5,600
1,900
19,830
27,330
65
Corporate bonds
Agency securities
Treasury securities
Year Ended December 31, 2019
Gross Realized Gains
—
$
6
—
6
$
Gross Realized Losses
(1)
$
—
—
(1)
$
Gross Proceeds from
Sales
Gross Proceeds from
Maturities
$
$
2,750 $
—
—
2,750 $
11,350
3,625
685
15,660
For the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018 we received interest income net of the amortization and accretion of the premium and discount of
$0.3 million, $0.6 million, and $1.0 million, respectively.
Fair Value Measurements
Recurring Fair Value Measurements
Financial assets and financial liabilities are classified in their entirety based on the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement.
The following tables present our financial assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis at December 31, 2020 and 2019, by level within the fair
value hierarchy (in thousands):
Cash equivalents:
Money market funds
Treasury securities
Available-for-sale investment securities:
Agency securities
Treasury securities
Total
Cash equivalents:
Money market funds
Available-for-sale investment securities:
Corporate bonds
Agency securities
Treasury securities
Total
Level 1
Level 2
Level 3
Total Fair
Value
December 31, 2020
$
$
$
$
4,749 $
97,433
—
17,894
120,076 $
— $
—
17,132
—
17,132 $
December 31, 2019
Level 1
Level 2
Level 3
337 $
— $
—
—
14,233
14,570 $
9,614
11,118
—
20,732 $
— $
—
—
—
— $
— $
—
—
—
— $
4,749
97,433
17,132
17,894
137,208
Total Fair
Value
337
9,614
11,118
14,233
35,302
The carrying amounts of cash equivalents, restricted cash, accounts receivable, accounts payable and accrued liabilities approximate fair value because of
the short maturity of these items.
As of December 31, 2019, the estimated fair value of the $50.0 million term loan issued by Wells Fargo Bank, National Association ("Wells Fargo"), as
administrative agent, and the lenders that are parties thereto ("Term Loan") and the $50.0 million revolving credit facility made available to us by Wells Fargo and
the lenders that are parties thereto ("Revolving Facility," and, together with the Term Loan, the "Credit Facility"), approximated their carrying values due to the
variable interest rates. We considered the fair value of the Credit Facility to be Level 2 measurements as these debt instruments were not actively traded. We
carried the Term Loan at face value less the unamortized discount. Refer to Note 10, Long-Term Debt, of our Consolidated Financial Statements for more
information about our since-terminated Credit Facility.
There were no changes to our valuation techniques used to measure asset and liability fair values on a recurring basis during the year ended December 31,
2020. The valuation techniques for the financial assets in the tables above are as follows:
66
Cash Equivalents
At December 31, 2020 and 2019, cash equivalents include cash invested in money market funds and treasury securities with a maturity of three months or
less. Fair value is based on market prices for identical assets.
Available-for-Sale Investment Securities
Fair value for our Level 1 investment securities is based on market prices for identical assets. Our Level 2 securities were priced by a pricing vendor. The
pricing vendor utilizes the most recent observable market information in pricing these securities or, if specific prices are not available for these securities, other
observable inputs like market transactions involving comparable securities are used.
Non-Recurring Fair Value Measurements
Certain assets, including goodwill, intangible assets and our note receivable with SecureDocs, Inc., are also subject to measurement at fair value on a non-
recurring basis using Level 3 measurement, but only when they are deemed to be impaired. For the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018, no
impairments were identified on those assets required to be measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis.
67
5. Property and Equipment, net
Property and equipment, net consists of the following (in thousands):
Data center and computer equipment
Furniture and fixtures
Office equipment
Leasehold improvements
Construction in process
Gross property and equipment
Less: Accumulated depreciation
Total property and equipment, net
December 31,
2020
2019
$
$
4,597 $
6,021
3,324
22,952
617
37,511
(11,072)
26,439 $
7,983
3,953
1,141
6,192
7,118
26,387
(11,643)
14,744
Depreciation expense for property and equipment totaled $4.0 million, $3.1 million, and $2.4 million for the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019 and
2018, respectively.
During September 2020, $13.9 million of capitalized costs, principally comprised of furniture and fixtures and leasehold improvements related to our
corporate headquarters in Santa Barbara, California were ready for their intended use and were placed into service.
6. Capitalized Software Development Costs, net
Capitalized software development costs, net were as follows (in thousands):
Capitalized software development costs, gross
Less: Accumulated amortization
Capitalized software development costs, net
December 31,
2020
2019
$
$
96,974 $
(61,515)
35,459 $
81,475
(51,452)
30,023
Capitalized software development costs were $27.3 million, $23.6 million and $13.8 million for the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018,
respectively. Amortization expense with respect to software development costs totaled $17.9 million, $14.0 million and $11.0 million for the years ended
December 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018, respectively. During the year ended December 31, 2020, $3.9 million in capitalized software development costs were divested
in connection with the MyCase Transaction.
Future amortization expense with respect to capitalized software development costs at December 31, 2020 is estimated as follows (in thousands):
Years Ending December 31,
2021
2022
2023
Total amortization expense
$
$
18,008
12,783
4,668
35,459
68
7. Intangible Assets, net and Goodwill
Intangible assets, net consisted of the following (in thousands, except years):
Customer relationships
Database
Technology
Trademarks and trade names
Partner relationships
Non-compete agreements
Domain names
Patents
Total intangible assets, net
Customer relationships
Database
Technology
Trademarks and trade names
Partner relationships
Non-compete agreements
Domain names
Patents
Backlog
Total intangible assets, net
Gross Carrying
Value
Accumulated
Amortization
Net Carrying
Value
Weighted
Average Useful
Life in Years
December 31, 2020
$
$
$
$
2,840
8,330
6,539
1,890
680
7,400
90
252
28,021
Gross Carrying
Value
3,070
8,330
10,541
2,690
680
7,400
301
252
470
33,734
$
$
$
$
(1,550) $
(1,787)
(3,641)
(732)
(680)
(2,964)
(70)
(240)
(11,664) $
1,290
6,543
2,898
1,158
—
4,436
20
12
16,357
December 31, 2019
Accumulated
Amortization
Net Carrying
Value
Weighted
Average Useful
Life in Years
(1,296) $
(954)
(6,074)
(898)
(680)
(1,484)
(276)
(225)
(470)
(12,357) $
1,774
7,376
4,467
1,792
—
5,916
25
27
—
21,377
5.0
10.0
4.0
5.0
3.0
5.0
5.0
5.0
6.3
5.0
10.0
5.0
6.0
3.0
5.0
5.0
5.0
1.0
6.2
Amortization expense with respect to intangible assets totaled $4.9 million, $5.3 million and $1.2 million for the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019
and 2018, respectively. Future amortization expense with respect to intangible assets is estimated as follows (in thousands):
Years Ending December 31,
2021
2022
2023
2024
2025
Thereafter
Total amortization expense
$
$
4,646
4,605
3,060
835
833
2,378
16,357
Our goodwill balance is solely attributed to acquisitions. As a result of the disposal of goodwill associated with the MyCase Transaction, we performed a
goodwill impairment assessment as of September 30, 2020 on our remaining goodwill balance. There have been no impairment charges recorded against goodwill.
The change in the carrying amount of goodwill during the twelve months ended December 31, 2020 is as follows (in thousands):
Goodwill at December 31, 2019
Goodwill attributed to MyCase divestiture
Goodwill at December 31, 2020
$
$
58,425
(2,278)
56,147
69
8. Accrued Employee Expenses
Accrued employee expenses consisted of the following (in thousands):
Accrued vacation
Accrued bonuses
Accrued commissions
Accrued payroll
Accrued payroll taxes and other
Total accrued employee expenses
9. Leases
December 31,
2020
2019
$
$
8,277 $
5,638
1,995
1,921
1,057
18,888 $
5,554
3,872
1,860
5,202
1,270
17,758
Operating leases for our corporate offices have remaining lease terms ranging from one to eleven years, some of which include options to extend the
leases for up to ten years. These options to extend have not been recognized as part of our operating lease right-of-use assets and lease liabilities as it is not
reasonably certain that we will exercise these options. Our lease agreements do not contain any residual value guarantees or material restrictive covenants. We
have lease agreements with lease and non-lease components, which we have elected to combine for all asset classes. Certain leases contain provisions for property-
related costs that are variable in nature for which the Company is responsible, including common area maintenance. Operating lease cost associated with our
operating leases for the twelve months ended December 31, 2020 and 2019 was $5.3 million and $5.1 million, respectively. Variable lease cost associated with our
operating leases for the twelve months ended December 31, 2020 and 2019 was $1.4 million and $1.1 million, respectively. We recorded rent expense of
$2.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2018.
Lease-related assets and liabilities were as follows (in thousands, except years and %):
Assets
Prepaid expenses and other current assets
Operating lease right-of-use assets
Liabilities
Other current liabilities
Operating lease liabilities
Total lease liabilities
Weighted-average remaining lease term (years)
Weighted-average discount rate
70
$
$
$
December 31,
2020
2019
3,972
30,561
1,845
40,146
41,991
$
$
$
10.8
4.5 %
3,908
27,803
2,826
33,312
36,138
10.6
4.7 %
Future minimum lease payments under non-cancellable leases as of December 31, 2020 were as follows (in thousands):
(1)
Years ending December 31,
2021
2022
2023
2024
2025
Thereafter
Total future minimum lease payments
Less: imputed interest
Total
(2)
$
$
(915)
4,544
4,845
4,797
4,671
32,040
49,982
(11,963)
38,019
(1)
(2)
Future minimum lease payments for the year ending December 31, 2021 are presented net of tenant improvement allowances of $4.8 million.
Total future minimum lease payments include the current portion of lease liabilities recorded in Prepaid expenses and other current assets of $4.0 million on our
Consolidated Balance Sheets, which relates to certain of our leases for which the lease incentives to be received exceed the minimum lease payments to be paid
over the next twelve months.
On December 17, 2020, we entered into a lease amendment for 1707 N Plano Road, Richardson, Texas. The amendment expands the current leased space
with three additional suites totaling approximately 23,833 square feet and extends the lease term to March 31, 2032. The total commitment under this lease is
$11.6 million.
10. Long-term Debt
Credit Agreement
On December 24, 2018, we entered into Amendment Number Two to the Credit Agreement (the "Second Amendment") with Wells Fargo, as
administrative agent, and the lenders that were parties thereto (as amended, the "Credit Agreement"). Under the terms of the Second Amendment, the lenders
issued the Term Loan to us and increased the amount available under the Revolving Facility to $50.0 million. The maturity date of the Term Loan and Revolving
Facility was December 24, 2023. In addition, pursuant to the Second Amendment, we were permitted to make certain restricted junior payments, including, without
limitation, repurchases of our common stock, and to enter into acquisitions with no value limitation, so long as we maintained specified liquidity requirements and
leverage ratios.
The Second Amendment also modified certain financial covenants by, among other things, requiring us to maintain (i) an EBITDA to interest expense
ratio of not less than 3.0 to 1.0, and (ii) a funded indebtedness to EBITDA ratio of not more than 3.5:1.0 (the "Required Leverage Ratio") (decreasing by 0.25 per
year until the Required Leverage Ratio is 2.5 to 1.0); provided, however, that we were not required to maintain the foregoing ratios if our liquidity (defined as the
sum of the remaining borrowing capacity under the Credit Agreement and available cash) had equaled or exceeded the greater of $20.0 million and 20% of the sum
of the outstanding principal amount of the Term Loan and commitments under the Revolving Facility. If we entered into an acquisition with a purchase price
greater than or equal to $20.0 million, then the Required Leverage Ratio would be increased by 0.5 for the 12-month period immediately following the
consummation of such acquisition.
The Credit Agreement contained customary affirmative, negative and financial covenants. The affirmative covenants required us to, among other things,
disclose financial and other information to the lenders, maintain our business and properties, and maintain adequate insurance. The negative covenants restricted us
from, among other things, incurring additional indebtedness, prepaying certain types of indebtedness, encumbering or disposing of our assets, making fundamental
changes to our corporate structure, and making certain dividends and distributions.
Under the terms of the Second Amendment, borrowings under the Credit Agreement would bear interest at a fluctuating rate per annum equal to, at our
option, (i) LIBOR or (ii) an alternate base rate, in each case plus the applicable interest rate margin. Borrowings would fluctuate between LIBOR plus 1.5% per
annum and adjusted LIBOR plus 2.0% per annum (or between the alternate base rate plus 0.5% per annum and the alternate base rate plus 1.0% per annum), based
upon our Required Leverage Ratio.
71
Fees payable on the unused portion of the Revolving Facility were 0.25% per annum, unless the average usage of the Revolving Facility was equal to or
less than $30.0 million for the applicable period, in which case the fees on the unused portion of the Revolving Facility would have been 0.375% per annum.
In connection with the MyCase Transaction, and as required by the terms of the Credit Agreement, the Credit Agreement was terminated and all
obligations outstanding under the Term Loan and Revolving Facility thereunder, including all guarantees and security interests granted with respect to such
obligations, were satisfied in full with proceeds from the MyCase Transaction and extinguished. Immediately prior to the repayment of amounts owed under, and
termination of, the Credit Agreement, there were approximately $48.1 million in term loans outstanding and $49.1 million in revolving borrowings outstanding.
Refer to Note 1, Nature of Business, and Note 3, Divestitures and Business Combinations, of our Consolidated Financial Statements for more information about the
MyCase Transaction.
Debt Financing Costs
As a result of the Second Amendment, we incurred $0.4 million in financing fees that were capitalized and amortized over the remaining life of the
related debt, $0.2 million of which was related to the Term Loan and $0.2 million of which was related to the Revolving Facility. Pursuant to GAAP, the Second
Amendment is accounted for as a debt modification. As a result, the unamortized deferred debt financing costs related to the Revolving Facility prior to the Second
Amendment were added to the $0.2 million of deferred debt financing costs related to the Second Amendment and amortized over the remaining life of the
Revolving Facility.
Debt financing costs were deferred and amortized, using the straight-line method, which approximated the effective interest method, for costs related to
the Term Loan and the straight-line method for costs related to the Revolving Facility over the term of the arrangement; such amortization is included in Interest
expense, net in the Consolidated Statements of Operations. Amortization of deferred debt financing costs was not material for the years ended December 31, 2020,
2019 and 2018. At December 31, 2019, the remaining unamortized deferred debt financing costs were $0.4 million, of which $0.2 million was offset against debt.
As of December 31, 2019, $0.3 million of the remaining unamortized deferred debt financing costs were recorded in Prepaid expenses and other current assets and
Other long-term assets on our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets, as they pertained to the Revolving Facility.
The following is a summary of our long-term debt as of December 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019 (in thousands):
Principal amounts due under Term Loan
Unamortized debt financing costs
Long-term debt, net of unamortized debt financing costs
11. Commitments and Contingencies
Legal Liability to Landlord Insurance
December 31,
2020
December 31,
2019
$
$
— $
—
— $
48,750
(167)
48,583
We have a wholly owned subsidiary, Terra Mar Insurance Company, Inc., which was established to provide our customers with the option to purchase
legal liability to landlord insurance. If our customers choose to use our insurance services, they are issued an insurance policy underwritten by our third-party
service provider. The policy has a limit of $100,000 per incident for each insured residence. We have entered into a reinsurance agreement with our third-party
service provider and, as a result, we assume a 100% quota share of the legal liability to landlord insurance provided to our customers through our third-party
service provider. Included in cost of revenue we accrue for reported claims, and an estimate of losses incurred but not reported by our property management
customers, as we bear the risk related to claims. Our liability for reported claims and incurred but not reported claims at December 31, 2020 and 2019 was $1.5
million and $1.8 million, respectively, and is included in other current liabilities on our Consolidated Balance Sheets.
Included in prepaid expenses and other current assets as of December 31, 2020 and 2019 are $2.7 million and $1.3 million, respectively, of deposits held
with a third party related to requirements to maintain collateral for our insurance services.
Legal Proceedings
In July 2019, we received a Request for Information from the Civil Rights Division (Housing and Civil Enforcement Section) of the U.S. Department of
Justice ("DOJ") requesting certain information relating to our compliance with the Servicemembers Civil Relief Act in connection with our tenant screening
Value+ service. On November 6, 2020, the DOJ issued a no action letter, declining to take any action against us and closing its investigation.
72
In December 2018, we received a Civil Investigative Demand from the Federal Trade Commission ("FTC") requesting certain information relating to our
compliance with the Fair Credit Reporting Act in connection with our tenant screening Value+ service (the "FTC Investigation"). On April 30, 2020, the FTC staff
informed us of its belief that there is a reasonable basis for asserting claims against us for our alleged failure to comply with certain sections of the FCRA that
could result in monetary penalty and/or injunctive relief. We disagree with the stated belief of the FTC and vigorously defended our position.
Notwithstanding our disagreement with the FTC's position, and primarily in an effort to avoid protracted litigation and potential distraction to our
business, we entered into settlement negotiations with the FTC in an effort to resolve all claims and allegations arising out of or relating to the FTC Investigation.
Those settlement negotiations resulted in a final agreement between the parties that is memorialized in a Stipulated Order for Permanent Injunction and Civil
Penalty Judgment filed in the United States District Court for the District of Columbia on January 12, 2021. We admitted no wrongdoing in connection with the
settlement.
In the second quarter of 2020, we determined that a loss stemming from the FTC Investigation was probable and that a reasonable estimate of the loss was
approximately $4.3 million. Accordingly, an accrual of $4.3 million is included within accrued expenses on our Consolidated Balance Sheet as of December 31,
2020. The ultimate settlement amount of $4.3 million was paid in January 2021.
In addition to the foregoing, from time to time, we are involved in various other investigatory inquiries or legal proceedings arising from or related to
matters incident to the ordinary course of our business activities, including actions with respect to intellectual property, employment, regulatory and contractual
issues. Although the results of such investigatory inquiries and legal proceedings cannot be predicted with certainty, we believe that we are not currently a party to
any investigatory inquiries or legal proceeding(s) which, if determined adversely to us, would, individually or taken together, have a material adverse effect on our
business, operating results, financial condition or cash flows.
Indemnification
In the ordinary course of business, we may provide indemnification of varying scope and terms to customers, investors, directors and officers with respect
to certain matters, including, but not limited to, losses arising out of our breach of any applicable agreements, services to be provided by us, or intellectual property
infringement claims made by third parties. These indemnification provisions may survive termination of the underlying agreement and the maximum potential
amount of future payments we could be required to make under these indemnification provisions may not be subject to maximum loss clauses and is
indeterminable. We have never paid a material claim, nor have any legal claims been brought against us, in connection with these indemnification arrangements.
At December 31, 2020 and 2019, we have not accrued a liability for these indemnification arrangements because we determined that the likelihood of incurring a
payment obligation, if any, in connection with these indemnification arrangements is not probable or reasonably possible and the amount or range of amounts of
any such liability is not reasonably estimable.
12. Stockholders’ Equity
Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation
Upon the effectiveness of our Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation on June 25, 2015, the number of shares of capital stock that is
authorized to be issued was increased to 325,000,000 shares, of which 250,000,000 shares are Class A common stock, 50,000,000 shares are Class B common
stock and 25,000,000 are undesignated preferred stock. The Class A common stock, Class B common stock and preferred stock have a par value of $0.0001 per
share.
Class A Common Stock and Class B Common Stock
Except for voting rights, or as otherwise required by applicable law, the shares of our Class A common stock and Class B common stock have the same
powers, preferences and rights and rank equally, share ratably and are identical in all respects as to all matters. The rights and preferences are as follows:
Dividend Rights. Subject to preferences that may apply to any shares of preferred stock outstanding at the time, the holders of outstanding shares of our
Class A common stock and Class B common stock are entitled to receive dividends out of funds legally available at the times and in the amounts that our Board of
Directors may determine.
73
Voting Rights. The holders of our Class A common stock are entitled to one vote per share, and holders of our Class B common stock are entitled to 10
votes per share. The holders of our Class A common stock and Class B common stock will vote together as a single class on all matters submitted to a vote of our
stockholders, unless otherwise required by Delaware law or our amended and restated certificate of incorporation. Delaware law could require either holders of our
Class A common stock or holders of our Class B common stock to vote separately. In addition, our amended and restated certificate of incorporation requires the
approval of the holders of at least a majority of the outstanding shares of our Class B common stock, voting as a separate class to approve a change-in-control
transaction.
Conversion. Upon the closing of our initial public offering ("IPO"), all shares of our convertible preferred stock and common stock held prior to the
offering were converted into shares of Class B common stock. Currently, each share of our Class B common stock is convertible at any time at the option of the
holder into one share of our Class A common stock. In addition, each share of our Class B common stock will convert into one share of our Class A common stock
upon any transfer, whether or not for value, except for certain transfers described in our amended and restated certificate of incorporation, including, without
limitation, (i) a transfer by a partnership or limited liability company that was a registered holder of our Class B common stock at the “effective time,” as defined
in our amended and restated certificate of incorporation, to a partner or member thereof at the effective time or (ii) a transfer to a “qualified recipient,” as defined
in our amended and restated certificate of incorporation.
All the outstanding shares of our Class B common stock will convert automatically into shares of our Class A common stock upon the date when the
number of outstanding shares of our Class B common stock represents less than 10% of all outstanding shares of our Class A common stock and Class B common
stock. Once converted into our Class A common stock, our Class B common stock may not be reissued.
Right to Receive Liquidation Distributions. Upon our dissolution, liquidation or winding-up, the assets legally available for distribution to our
stockholders are distributable ratably among the holders of our Class A common stock and Class B common stock, subject to prior satisfaction of all outstanding
debt and liabilities and the preferential rights and payment of liquidation preferences, if any, on any outstanding shares of preferred stock.
Preferred Stock
Effective upon the filing of our amended and restated certificate of incorporation in June 2015, no shares of preferred stock were outstanding because all
outstanding shares of our convertible preferred stock converted into our Class B common stock.
Pursuant to the terms of our amended and restated certificate of incorporation, our Board of Directors will be authorized, subject to limitations prescribed
by Delaware law, to issue up to 25,000,000 shares of our preferred stock in one or more series, to establish from time to time the number of shares to be included in
each series, and to fix the designation, powers, preferences and rights of the shares of each series and any of its qualifications, limitations or restrictions, in each
case without further action by our stockholders. The number of authorized shares of any series of preferred stock may be increased or decreased, but not below the
number of shares of that series then outstanding, by the affirmative vote of the holders of a majority of the voting power of our outstanding capital stock entitled to
vote thereon, or such other vote as may be required by the certificate of designation establishing the series.
Share Repurchase Program
On February 20, 2019, our Board of Directors authorized a $100.0 million share repurchase program (the "Share Repurchase Program") relating to our
outstanding shares of Class A common stock. Under the Share Repurchase Program, share repurchases may be made from time to time, as directed by a committee
consisting of three directors, in open market purchases or in privately negotiated transactions at a repurchase price that the members of the committee unanimously
believe is below intrinsic value conservatively determined. The Share Repurchase Program does not obligate us to repurchase any specific dollar amount or
number of shares, there is no expiration date for the Share Repurchase Program, and it may be modified, suspended or terminated at any time and for any reason.
During the three months ended March 31, 2020, we repurchased a total of 48,002 shares of our Class A common stock through open market repurchases,
and recorded a $4.2 million reduction to stockholders' equity, which includes broker commissions. We have not made any repurchases under the Share Repurchase
Program subsequent to the three months ended March 31, 2020.
13. Stock-Based Compensation
2015 Stock Incentive Plan
74
In conjunction with our IPO in 2015, our Board of Directors and stockholders adopted the 2015 Stock Incentive Plan (the "2015 Plan"). Upon adoption of
the 2015 Plan, 2,000,000 shares of our Class A common stock were reserved and available for grant and issuance. On January 1 of each subsequent calendar year,
the number of shares available for grant and issuance under the 2015 Plan increase by the lesser of (i) the number of shares of our Class A common stock subject to
awards granted under the 2015 Plan during the preceding calendar year and (ii) such lesser number of shares of our Class A common stock determined by our
Board of Directors. At December 31, 2020, we have reserved an aggregate of 4,026,493 shares of our Class A common stock for grant and issuance under the 2015
Plan. The number of shares of our Class A common stock is also subject to adjustment in the event of a recapitalization, stock split, reclassification, stock dividend
or other change in our capitalization. The 2015 Plan authorizes the award of stock options, stock appreciation rights, RSAs, RSUs, performance awards and stock
bonuses. The 2015 Plan provides for the grant of awards to our employees, directors, consultants and independent contractors, subject to certain exceptions. RSUs,
PSUs, and RSAs have been issued during 2020 pursuant to the 2015 Plan.
Stock options may vest based on the passage of time or the achievement of performance conditions at the discretion of our compensation committee. Our
compensation committee may provide for stock options to be exercised only as they vest or to be immediately exercisable with any shares issued on exercise being
subject to our right of repurchase that lapses as the shares vest. The maximum term of stock options granted under the 2015 Plan is 10 years.
RSUs and PSUs represent the right on the part of the holder to receive shares of our Class A common stock at a specified date in the future or the
achievement of performance conditions at the discretion of our compensation committee, subject to forfeiture of that right due to termination of employment. If an
RSU or PSU has not been forfeited, then, on the specified date, we will deliver to the holder of the RSU or PSU shares of our Class A common stock.
2007 Stock Incentive Plan
On February 14, 2007, our Board of Directors adopted the 2007 Stock Incentive Plan (the “2007 Plan”). Following our IPO, our Board of Directors
determined not to make any further awards under the 2007 Plan. The 2007 Plan expired on February 14, 2017. The 2007 Plan will continue to govern outstanding
awards granted under the 2007 Plan.
Stock Options
A summary of our stock option activity for the year ended December 31, 2020 is as follows (number of shares in thousands):
Options outstanding as of December 31, 2019
Options granted
Options exercised
Options cancelled/forfeited
Options outstanding as of December 31, 2020
At December 31, 2020:
Options vested and expected to vest
Options exercisable
Number of Shares
Weighted Average
Exercise Price per Share
11.84
—
6.93
23.75
Weighted Average Remaining
Contractual Life in Years
5.9
5.0
5.0
5.0
11.77
11.77
11.77
1,342 $
—
(119)
(55)
1,168 $
1,168 $
1,168 $
During the year ended December 31, 2020, 77,000 PSOs vested based on the achievement of 95% of the pre-established free cash flow performance
target for the year ended December 31, 2019, and 40,000 PSOs vested based on the achievement of 115% of the pre-established gross margin target for the year
ended December 31, 2019.
Our stock-based compensation expense for stock options for the years ended December 31, 2020 was not material. Our stock-based compensation
expense for stock options for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018 was $0.6 million and $1.6 million, respectively. At December 31, 2020, the total
remaining stock-based compensation expense for unvested stock options was not material.
The fair value of stock options is estimated on their date of grant using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model. No stock options were granted during the
years ended December 31, 2020, 2019 or 2018.
The total intrinsic value of options exercised in 2020, 2019 and 2018 was $17.9 million, $11.5 million, and $7.5 million, respectively. This intrinsic value
represents the difference between the fair value of our common stock on the date of
75
exercise and the exercise price of each option. Based on the fair value of our common stock at December 31, 2020, the total intrinsic value of all outstanding
options, exercisable options, and options vested and expected to vest was $196.6 million.
The excess tax benefit realized from option exercises during the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018 was $30.1 million, $20.5 million, and
$7.7 million, respectively.
Restricted Stock Units
A summary of activity in connection with our RSUs for the year ended December 31, 2020 is as follows (number of shares in thousands):
Unvested as of December 31, 2019
Granted
Vested
Forfeited
Unvested as of December 31, 2020
Number of Shares
Weighted Average Grant Date
Fair Value per Share
646 $
174
(268)
(69)
483 $
52.42
112.24
36.58
70.52
80.20
During the year ended December 31, 2020, we granted a total of 160,000 RSUs that are subject to time-based vesting in equal annual installments over
four years, and 14,000 PSUs that are subject to vesting based on the achievement of pre-established consolidated net revenue growth targets for the years ending
December 31, 2020, 2021 and 2022, assuming continued employment throughout the performance period. The number of PSUs granted, as included in the above
table, assumes achievement of the performance metric at 100% of the performance target. The actual number of shares to be issued at the end of the performance
period will range from 0% to 100% of the initial target awards. Achievement of the performance metric between 100% and 150% of the performance target will
result in a performance-based cash bonus payment between 100% and 165% of the initial target awards.
During the year ended December 31, 2020, 84,000 PSUs vested and 4,000 PSUs were cancelled based on the achievement of 95% of the pre-established
free cash flow performance target for the year ended December 31, 2019.
Included in the unvested RSUs and PSUs at December 31, 2020 are 32,000 and 82,000 PSUs granted in 2019 and 2018, respectively. Of these PSUs,
48,000 are subject to vesting based on the achievement of a pre-established consolidated net revenue growth target for the year ending December 31, 2020, 42,000
are subject to vesting based on the achievement of a pre-established consolidated net revenue growth target for the year ending December 31, 2021, and 24,000 are
subject to vesting based on the achievement of a pre-established consolidated net revenue growth target for the year ending December 31, 2022. The number of
PSUs granted assumes achievement of the performance metric at 100% of the performance target. The actual number of shares to be issued at the end of the
performance period will range from 0% to 100% of the initial target awards. Achievement of the performance metric between 100% and 150% of the performance
target will result in a performance-based cash bonus payment between 100% and 165% of the initial target awards.
We recognize expense for the PSUs based on the grant date fair value of the PSUs that we determine are probable of vesting. Adjustments to
compensation expense are made each period based on changes in our estimate of the number of PSUs that are probable of vesting. Our stock-based compensation
expense for the RSUs and PSUs for the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018, was $10.4 million, $8.3 million and $5.5 million, respectively.
At December 31, 2020, the total remaining stock-based compensation expense for these RSUs was $23.4 million, which is expected to be recognized over
a weighted average period of 2.2 years.
76
Restricted Stock Awards
A summary of activity in connection with our RSAs for the year ended December 31, 2020 is as follows (number of shares in thousands):
Unvested as of December 31, 2019
Granted
Vested
Forfeited
Unvested as of December 31, 2020
Number of Shares
Weighted- Average Grant Date
Fair Value per Share
5
5
(5)
—
5
$
$
105.88
153.41
105.88
—
153.41
We have the right to repurchase any unvested RSAs subject to certain conditions. RSAs vest over a one-year period. For the years ended December 31,
2020, 2019 and 2018, we recognized stock-based compensation expense for RSAs of $0.7 million, $0.3 million and $0.3 million, respectively. During 2020, the
grant date fair value of the shares vested was $0.5 million.
At December 31, 2020, the total remaining stock-based compensation expense for unvested RSAs was $0.4 million, which is expected to be recognized
over a weighted average period of 0.7 years.
14. Income Taxes
For the year ended December 31, 2020, we recorded income tax expense of $38.4 million. The tax provision for the year ended December 31, 2020
includes tax expense of $51.3 million relating to the MyCase Transaction which includes $52.3 million of current tax expense on the gain on the sale of MyCase,
less a $1.0 million benefit on the reversal of deferred tax liabilities relating to MyCase. For tax purposes, we plan to file an election to treat the transaction as a sale
of assets. As such, the tax impact takes into consideration the tax basis of the assets on the date of sale and the availability of net operating losses and research and
development tax credits.
The effective tax rate as compared to the U.S. federal statutory rate of 21% differs primarily due to state income taxes and the benefits associated with
stock-based compensation expense and research and development tax credits.
Set forth below is a reconciliation of the components that caused our provision for income taxes to differ from amounts computed by applying the United
States federal statutory rate for the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019, and 2018:
U.S. federal statutory income tax rate
State and local income taxes, net of federal benefit
Stock-based compensation expense
Meals and entertainment
Change in valuation allowance
Other permanent differences
Research and development tax credits
Provision for (benefit from) income taxes
77
Year Ended December 31,
2020
2019
2018
21 %
3
(3)
—
—
1
(2)
20 %
21 %
(53)
(88)
7
(475)
—
(64)
(652)%
21 %
(3)
(7)
1
(1)
—
(9)
2 %
The provision for (benefit from) income tax consists of the following (in thousands):
Current
Federal
State and local
Total current
Deferred
Federal
State and local
Total deferred
Total income tax provision (benefit)
The components of deferred tax assets (liabilities) were as follows (in thousands):
Deferred income tax assets:
Net operating loss carryforwards
Research and development tax credits
Stock-based compensation
Lease asset
Other
Total deferred tax assets
Deferred tax liabilities:
Property, equipment and software
Intangible assets
Capitalized commissions
State taxes
Lease liability
Other
Total deferred tax liabilities
Total net deferred tax (liabilities) assets
2020
Year Ended December 31,
2019
2018
$
$
3,982 $
5,444
9,426
27,982
1,020
29,002
38,428 $
— $
(15)
(15)
(18,761)
(12,683)
(31,444)
(31,459) $
—
339
339
65
16
81
420
December 31,
2020
2019
4,112 $
9,467
2,783
9,992
2,196
28,550
(13,412)
(2,693)
(2,708)
(2,350)
(8,064)
(751)
(29,978)
(1,428) $
22,525
17,700
2,895
8,291
1,692
53,103
(7,965)
(3,767)
(2,492)
(2,563)
(7,152)
(1,590)
(25,529)
27,574
$
$
At December 31, 2020, we had no federal net operating loss carryforwards. At December 31, 2020, we had state net operating loss carryforwards of
$46.5 million, which will begin to expire in 2028. At December 31, 2020, we also had federal and state research and development credit carryforwards of
$4.1 million and $11.5 million, respectively. The federal credit carryforwards will begin to expire in 2040, while the state credit carryforwards apply indefinitely.
The Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (“IRC”), imposes substantial restrictions on the utilization of tax attributes in the event of an “ownership
change” of a corporation. Accordingly, a company’s ability to use pre-change tax attributes may be limited as prescribed under IRC Section 382. Events which
may cause limitation in the amount of the tax attributes that we utilize in any one year include, but are not limited to, a cumulative ownership change of more than
50% over a rolling three-year period. We have undertaken an IRC Section 382 analysis and have determined that there are no limitations on the tax attributes at
December 31, 2020.
78
For the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, we recorded an income tax benefit of $31.5 million and income tax expense of $0.4 million. During the
second quarter of 2019, we evaluated all available positive and negative evidence, including our sustained profitability in 2018 and 2019, the impact of recent
acquisitions and future projections of profitability. As a result, we determined that all of our deferred tax assets were more likely than not to be realized and
reversed the valuation allowance against those deferred tax assets accordingly.
The change in the valuation allowance for the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018 was as follows (in thousands):
Valuation allowance, at beginning of year
Decrease in valuation allowance
Valuation allowance, at end of year
Year Ended December 31,
2020
2019
2018
$
$
— $
—
— $
23,002 $
(23,002)
— $
23,827
(825)
23,002
The following is a reconciliation of the total amounts of reserves for unrecognized tax benefits from uncertain tax positions (in thousands):
Unrecognized tax benefit beginning of year
Increases-tax positions in current year
Unrecognized tax benefit end of year
Year Ended December 31,
2020
2019
2018
$
$
4,421 $
1,720
6,141 $
2,977 $
1,444
4,421 $
2,105
872
2,977
The unrecognized tax benefits are recorded as a reduction to the deferred tax assets and liabilities.
At December 31, 2020 and 2019, we had no accrued interest and penalties related to uncertain income tax positions. We do not anticipate that the amount
of unrecognized tax benefits will significantly increase or decrease within the next twelve months.
We are subject to taxation in the United States and various states. Due to the net operating loss carryforwards, our federal and state returns are open to
examination by the Internal Revenue Service and state jurisdictions for all years since inception. We are not currently under audit by any taxing authorities.
15. Revenue and Other Information
The following table presents our revenue categories for the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018 (in thousands):
Core solutions
Value+ services
Other
Total revenue
Year Ended December 31,
2020
2019
2018
$
$
100,938 $
195,146
13,972
310,056 $
88,581 $
153,994
13,437
256,012 $
70,549
113,072
6,450
190,071
Our revenue is generated primarily from United States customers. All of our property and equipment is located in the United States.
16. Retirement Plans
We have a 401(k) retirement and savings plan made available to all employees. The 401(k) plan allows each participant to contribute up to an amount not
to exceed an annual statutory maximum. We may, at our discretion, make matching contributions to the 401(k) plan. Cash contributions to the plan were
$3.2 million, $2.5 million, and $1.6 million for the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018, respectively.
ITEM 9. CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS ON ACCOUNTING AND FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE
79
None.
ITEM 9A. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES
Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures
Our management, with the supervision and participation of our principal executive officer and principal financial officer, evaluated the effectiveness of
our disclosure controls and procedures at December 31, 2020, the last day of the period covered by this Annual Report. Disclosure controls and procedures include,
without limitation, controls and other procedures designed to provide reasonable assurance that information required to be disclosed by a company in the reports
that it files or submits under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified by the SEC’s rules and forms and
that such information is accumulated and communicated to its management, including its principal executive officer and principal financial officer, as appropriate,
to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. Based on our management's evaluation, our principal executive officer and principal financial officer have
concluded that, at December 31, 2020, our disclosure controls and procedures were effective at the reasonable assurance level.
Management's Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting
Our management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-
15(f) under the Exchange Act). Internal control over financial reporting is a process designed under the supervision and with the participation of our management,
including our principal executive officer and principal financial officer, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the
preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. Because of its inherent limitations, internal
control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of the effectiveness of the internal control over
financial reporting to future periods are subject to the risk that the controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of
compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.
As of December 31, 2020, our management assessed the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting using the criteria set forth in the
Internal Control – Integrated Framework (2013) as issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations (COSO) of the Treadway Commission. Based on our
evaluation under the COSO criteria, our management concluded that our internal control over financial reporting was effective at the reasonable assurance level as
of December 31, 2020.
The effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting has been audited by PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, an independent registered public
accounting firm, as stated in their audit report which expresses an unqualified opinion on the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting at
December 31, 2020.
Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting
There were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting identified in connection with the evaluation required by Rules 13(a)-15(d) and 15d-
15(d) under the Exchange Act that occurred during the quarter ended December 31, 2020 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect,
our internal control over financial reporting.
Limitations on Effectiveness of Disclosure Controls and Procedures and Internal Control over Financial Reporting
In designing and evaluating our disclosure controls and procedures and internal control over financial reporting, our management recognizes that any
system of controls and procedures, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable and not absolute assurance of achieving the desired
control objectives. In reaching a reasonable level of assurance, management necessarily was required to apply its judgment in evaluating the cost-benefit
relationship of possible controls and procedures. There are inherent limitations to the effectiveness of any system of controls and procedures, including the
possibility of human error and the circumvention or overriding of the controls and procedures. In addition, the design of any system of controls is based in part
upon certain assumptions about the likelihood of future events, and there can be no assurance that any design will succeed in achieving its stated goals under all
potential future conditions. Over time, controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or the degree of compliance with policies or procedures
may deteriorate. Because of the inherent limitations in a cost-effective control system, misstatements due to error or fraud may occur and not be detected.
PART III
80
ITEM 10. DIRECTORS, EXECUTIVE OFFICERS AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE
The information required by this item will be included in our definitive Proxy Statement or an amendment to this Annual Report, which will be filed with
the SEC not later than 120 days after the end of our fiscal year ended December 31, 2020, and is incorporated herein by reference.
ITEM 11. EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION
The information required by this item will be included in our definitive Proxy Statement or an amendment to this Annual Report, which will be filed with
the SEC not later than 120 days after the end of our fiscal year ended December 31, 2020, and is incorporated herein by reference.
ITEM 12. SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT AND RELATED STOCKHOLDER
MATTERS
The information required by this item will be included in our definitive Proxy Statement or an amendment to this Annual Report, which will be filed with
the SEC not later than 120 days after the end of our fiscal year ended December 31, 2020, and is incorporated herein by reference.
ITEM 13. CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS, AND DIRECTOR INDEPENDENCE
The information required by this item will be included in our definitive Proxy Statement or an amendment to this Annual Report, which will be filed with
the SEC not later than 120 days after the end of our fiscal year ended December 31, 2020, and is incorporated herein by reference.
ITEM 14. PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTING FEES AND SERVICES
The information required by this item will be included in our definitive Proxy Statement or an amendment to this Annual Report, which will be filed with
the SEC not later than 120 days after the end of our fiscal year ended December 31, 2020, and is incorporated herein by reference.
ITEM 15. EXHIBITS, FINANCIAL STATEMENTS SCHEDULES
The following documents are filed as part of this Annual Report:
1.
Consolidated Financial Statements
PART IV
Our consolidated financial statements are listed in the “Index to Consolidated Financial Statements” under Part II, Item 8, of this Annual
Report.
2.
Financial Statement Schedules
All financial statement schedules have been omitted because they are not required or are not applicable, or the required information is
shown in our Consolidated Financial Statements or the notes thereto.
3.
Exhibits
The documents listed in the Exhibit Index of this Annual Report are filed or furnished with, or incorporated by reference into, this Annual
Report, in each case as indicated therein.
EXHIBIT INDEX
81
Exhibit
Number
2.1
2.2
3.1
3.2
4.1
4.2
4.3
10.1
10.2
10.3
10.4
10.5
10.6
10.7
10.8
10.9#
10.10#
10.11#
10.12#
Exhibit Description
Asset Purchase Agreement, dated August 31, 2018,
by and between AppFolio Utility Management, Inc.
and WegoWise, Inc.
Agreement and Plan of Merger, dated January 7,
2019, by and among the registrant., Riviera Mar,
Inc., Dynasty Marketplace, Inc. and Fortis Advisors
LLC.
Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation
of the registrant as currently in effect.
Amended and Restated Bylaws of the registrant as
currently in effect.
Specimen Certificate for Class A Common Stock.
Amended and Restated Investor Rights Agreement,
by and among the registrant and the investors named
therein, dated November 26, 2013.
Description of Capital Stock of the registrant.
Multi-Tenant Industrial Lease, by and between the
registrant and Nassau Land Company, L.P., dated
April 1, 2011 ("2011 Lease"), as amended by First
Amendment to 2011 Lease, dated November 11,
2011, Second Amendment to 2011 Lease, dated
February 23, 2012, and Third Amendment to 2011
Lease, dated November 5, 2013.
Fourth Amendment to 2011 Lease, by and between
the registrant and Nassau Land Company, L.P.,
dated February 22, 2017.
Multi-Tenant Industrial Lease, by and between the
registrant and Nassau Land Company, L.P., dated
February 17, 2015 ("2015 Lease").
First Amendment to 2015 Lease, by and between the
registrant and Nassau Land Company, L.P., dated
October 5, 2015.
Second Amendment to 2015 Lease, by and between
the registrant and Nassau Land Company, L.P.,
dated February 22, 2016.
Third Amendment to Lease, by and between the
registrant and Nassau Land Company, L.P., dated
July 1, 2018.
Multi-Tenant Industrial Lease, by and between the
registrant and Nassau Land Company, L.P., dated
July 1, 2018.
WeWork Membership Agreement, by and between
the registrant and WeWork, dated September 28,
2018.
2007 Stock Incentive Plan, as amended, and related
form agreements.
2015 Stock Incentive Plan and related form
agreements.
2015 Employee Stock Purchase Plan.
Long-Term Cash Incentive Plan.
Incorporated by Reference
Form
8-K
File No.
001-37468
Exhibit
2.1
Filing Date
9/4/2018
Filed Herewith
8-K
001-37468
001-37468
001-37468
333-204262
333-204262
10-Q
10-Q
S-1/A
S-1/A
10-K
S-1/A
001-37468
333-204262
4.3
10.1
2.1
3.1
3.2
4.1
4.2
1/8/2019
8/6/2015
8/6/2015
6/4/2015
6/4/2015
3/2/2020
6/4/2015
10-K
001-37468
10.2
2/27/2017
S-1/A
333-204262
10.2
6/4/2015
10-Q
001-37468
10-K
001-37468
10-Q
001-37468
10-Q
001-37468
10-K
001-37468
S-1/A
333-204262
S-1/A
333-204262
S-1/A
10-K
333-204262
001-37468
10.2
10.2
10.1
10.2
10.8
10.3
10.4
10.5
10.9
11/9/2015
2/29/2016
7/30/2018
7/30/2018
2/28/2019
6/4/2015
6/4/2015
6/4/2015
2/26/2018
Exhibit
Number
10.13#
10.14
10.15
10.16
10.17
10.18
21.1
23.1
24.1
31.1
31.2
32.1*
101.SCH
101.CAL
101.DEF
101.LAB
101.PRE
104
Exhibit Description
Form of Long-Term Cash Incentive Award Offer.
Form of Indemnification Agreement by and between
the registrant and each of its executive officers and
directors.
Credit Agreement, by and among the registrant,
Wells Fargo Bank, N.A., as administrative agent,
and the lenders that are parties thereto, dated March
16, 2015.
Amendment Number One to Credit Agreement, by
and among the registrant, Wells Fargo Bank, N.A.,
as administrative agent, and the lenders that are
parties thereto, dated October 9, 2015.
Amendment Number Two to Credit Agreement, by
and among the registrant, Wells Fargo Bank, N.A.,
as administrative agent, and the lenders that are
parties thereto, dated December 24, 2018.
Resignation Agreement and General Release of
Claims by and between the registrant and Brian
Donahoo, dated August 3, 2017.
Subsidiaries of the registrant.
Consent of independent registered public accounting
firm.
Power of Attorney (included on the signature page of
this report).
Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to
Rule 13a-14(a) or Rule 15d-14(a) promulgated under
the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended.
Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to
Rule 13a-14(a) or Rule 15d-14(a) promulgated under
the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended.
Certifications of Chief Executive Officer and Chief
Financial Officer, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section
1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the
Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document.
XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase
Document.
XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase
Document.
XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase
Document.
XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase
Document.
Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted as Inline
XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101)
Incorporated by Reference
Form
10-K
File No.
001-37468
Exhibit
10.10
Filing Date
2/26/2018
Filed Herewith
S-1
333-204262
10.7
5/18/2015
10-Q
001-37468
10.1
11/9/2015
10-K
001-37468
10.17
2/28/2019
8-K
001-37468
10.1
8/7/2017
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
#
*
Indicates a management contract or compensatory plan or arrangement
The certifications attached as Exhibit 32.1 accompany this Annual Report pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906
of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, and shall not be deemed “filed” by the registrant for purposes of Section 18 of the Exchange Act and are not to
be incorporated by reference into any of the registrant’s filings under the Securities Act or the Exchange Act, irrespective of any general
incorporation language contained in any such filing.
SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, the registrant has duly caused this Annual
Report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.
Date:
March 1, 2021
AppFolio, Inc.
By: /s/ Ida Kane
Ida Kane
Chief Financial Officer
(Principal Financial and Accounting Officer)
POWER OF ATTORNEY
KNOW ALL PERSONS BY THESE PRESENTS, that each individual whose signature appears below hereby constitutes and appoints Jason Randall and
Ida Kane, and each or either of them, acting individually, as his or her true and lawful attorney-in-fact and agent, with full power of substitution and resubstitution
for him or her and in his or her name, place and stead, in any and all capacities, to sign any and all amendments to this Annual Report, and to file the same, with all
exhibits thereto and other documents in connection therewith, with the SEC, granting unto said attorney-in-fact and agent, and each of them, full power and
authority to do and perform each and every act and thing requisite and necessary to be done in connection therewith, as fully for all intents and purposes as he or
she might or could do in person, hereby ratifying and confirming all that said attorney-in-fact and agent, or any of them, or their or his or her substitutes, may
lawfully do or cause to be done or by virtue hereof.
Pursuant to the requirements of the Exchange Act, as amended, this Annual Report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the
registrant and in the capacities and on the dates indicated.
SIGNATURE
/s/ Jason Randall
Jason Randall
/s/ Ida Kane
Ida Kane
/s/ Andreas von Blottnitz
Andreas von Blottnitz
/s/ Timothy Bliss
Timothy Bliss
/s/ Agnes Bundy Scanlan
Agnes Bundy Scanlan
/s/ Janet Kerr
Janet Kerr
/s/ William Rauth
William Rauth
/s/ Klaus Schauser
Klaus Schauser
/s/ Winifred Webb
Winifred Webb
TITLE
President, Chief Executive Officer and Director
(Principal Executive Officer)
Chief Financial Officer
(Principal Financial and Accounting Officer)
DATE
March 1, 2021
March 1, 2021
Chairman of the Board
March 1, 2021
Director
Director
Director
Director
Director
Director
March 1, 2021
March 1, 2021
March 1, 2021
March 1, 2021
March 1, 2021
March 1, 2021
Each of the individuals identified below is a party to an indemnification agreement with AppFolio, Inc. in the form attached herewith as Exhibit 10.14.
LIST OF INDEMNITEES
EXHIBIT 10.14
Name
Jon Walker
Timothy Bliss
Ida Kane
Andreas von Blottnitz
Klaus Schauser
Janet Kerr
William Rauth
Jason Randall
Winifred Webb
Agnes Bundy Scanlan
William Shane Trigg
Date Signed
March 8, 2015
March 8, 2015
March 8, 2015
March 8, 2015
March 8, 2015
March 12, 2015
March 16, 2015
August 3, 2017
December 1, 2019
November 1, 2020
December 17, 2020
This Indemnification Agreement (this “Agreement”), dated ________, 20 , is by and between AppFolio, Inc., a Delaware
corporation (the “Company”), and __________ (“Indemnitee”).
INDEMNIFICATION AGREEMENT
A. Indemnitee is a director or an officer of the Company.
RECITALS
B. The board of directors of the Company (the “Board”) has determined that enhancing the ability of the Company to retain and attract as
directors and officers the most capable persons is in the best interests of the Company and that the Company therefore should seek to assure
such persons that indemnification is available.
C. In recognition of the need to provide Indemnitee with substantial protection against personal liability, in order to procure Indemnitee’s
continued service as a director or officer of the Company and to enhance Indemnitee’s ability to serve the Company in an effective manner,
and in order to provide such protection pursuant to express contract rights (intended to be enforceable irrespective of, among other things, any
amendment to the Company’s certificate of incorporation or bylaws (collectively, the “Constituent Documents”), any change in the
composition of the Board or any change in control or business combination transaction relating to the Company), the Company wishes to
provide in this Agreement for the indemnification of, and the advancement of Expenses (as defined in Section 2 below) to, Indemnitee as set
forth in this Agreement and to the extent insurance is maintained for the continued coverage of Indemnitee under the Company’s directors’
and officers’ liability insurance policies.
NOW, THEREFORE, in consideration of the foregoing and the Indemnitee’s agreement to continue to provide services to the Company,
the parties hereby agree as follows:
1. Services to the Company. Indemnitee agrees to continue to serve as a director or officer of the Company for so long as Indemnitee
is duly elected or appointed, until Indemnitee tenders Indemnitee’s resignation or until Indemnitee is terminated by the Company, as
applicable. This Agreement shall not be deemed an employment agreement between the Company (or any of its subsidiaries or another
Enterprise) and Indemnitee. Indemnitee specifically acknowledges that Indemnitee’s service to the Company or any of its subsidiaries or
another Enterprise (as defined in Section 2 below) is at will and the Indemnitee may be discharged at any time for any reason, with or without
cause, except as may be otherwise provided in any written employment agreement between Indemnitee and the Company (or any of its
subsidiaries or another Enterprise), other applicable formal severance policies duly adopted by the Board or, with respect to service as a
director or officer of the Company, by the Company’s Constituent Documents or Delaware law. This Agreement shall continue in force after
Indemnitee has ceased to serve as a director or officer of the Company or, at the request of the Company, of any of its subsidiaries or
Enterprise, as defined in Section 2 below.
2. Definitions. For purposes of this Agreement, the following terms shall have the following meanings:
(a) “Agreement” shall have the meaning ascribed to it in the prefatory language above.
(b) “Beneficial Owner” has the meaning given to the term “beneficial owner” in Rule 13d-3 under the Exchange Act.
(c) “Board” shall have the meaning ascribed to it in the Recitals above.
(d) “Business Combination” means a reorganization, a merger or a consolidation.
(e) “Change in Control” means the occurrence after the date of this Agreement of any of the following events:
(i) Acquisition of Stock by Third Party. Any Person (as defined below) who is not a current stockholder of the
Company becomes hereafter the Beneficial Owner, directly or indirectly, of securities of the Company representing thirty percent (30%) or
more of the Company’s Voting Securities, unless the change in the relative Beneficial Ownership of the Company’s securities by any Person
results solely from a reduction in the aggregate number of outstanding Voting Securities;
-2-
(ii) Corporate Transactions. The consummation of a Business Combination, unless immediately following
such Business Combination, (1) the Beneficial Owners of the Voting Securities of the Company immediately prior to such
transaction beneficially own, directly or indirectly, more than fifty percent (50%) of the combined voting power of the outstanding
Voting Securities of the entity resulting from such transaction, (2) no Person (excluding any corporation resulting from such
Business Combination) is the Beneficial Owner, directly or indirectly, of twenty percent (20%) or more of the combined voting
power of the then outstanding securities entitled to vote generally in the election of directors of such corporation except to the extent
that such ownership existed prior to the Business Combination and (3) at least a majority of the Board of Directors of the corporation
resulting from such Business Combination were Continuing Directors (as defined below), at the time of the execution of the initial
agreement or of the action of the Board, providing for such Business Combination;
the members of the Board; or
(iii) Change in Board of Directors. The Continuing Directors cease for any reason to constitute at least a majority of
(iv) Liquidation. The stockholders of the Company approve a plan of complete liquidation or dissolution of the
Company or an agreement or series of agreements for the sale or disposition by the Company of all or substantially all of the Company’s
assets, other than factoring the Company’s current receivables or escrows due (or, if such approval is not required, the decision by the Board
to proceed with such a liquidation, sale, or disposition in one transaction or a series of related transactions).
(f) “Claim” means:
(i) any threatened, pending or completed action, suit, demand, proceeding or alternative dispute resolution
mechanism, whether civil, criminal, administrative, arbitrative, investigative or other, and whether made pursuant to federal, state or other
law; or
action, suit, proceeding or alternative dispute resolution mechanism.
(ii) any inquiry, hearing or investigation that the Indemnitee determines might lead to the institution of any such
(g) “Company” shall have the meaning ascribed to it in the prefatory language above.
(h) “Constituent Documents” shall have the meaning ascribed to it in the Recitals above.
(i) “Continuing Directors” means, during a period of two consecutive years, not including any period prior to the execution
of this Agreement, the individuals collectively who at the beginning of such period constituted the Board (including for this purpose any new
directors whose election by the Board or nomination for election by the Company’s stockholders was approved by a vote of at least two-
thirds (2/3) of the directors then still in office who either were directors at the beginning of the period or whose election or nomination for
election was previously so approved).
(j) “Delaware Court” means the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware.
-3-
(k) “Disinterested Director” means a director of the Company who is not and was not a party to the Claim in respect of
which indemnification is sought by Indemnitee.
(l) “Enterprise” means, any corporation, limited liability company, partnership, joint venture, trust or other entity.
(m) “Exchange Act” means the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended.
(n) “Expense Advance” means any payment of Expense advanced to Indemnitee by the Company pursuant to Section 4 or
Section 5 hereof.
(o) “Expenses” means any and all expenses, including attorneys’ and experts’ fees, court costs, transcript costs, travel
expenses, duplicating, printing and binding costs, telephone charges, and all other costs and expenses incurred in connection with
investigating, defending, being a witness in or participating in (including on appeal), or preparing to defend, be a witness or participate in,
any Claim. Expenses also shall include (i) Expenses incurred in connection with any appeal resulting from any Claim, including without
limitation the premium, security for, and other costs relating to any cost bond, supersedes bond, or other appeal bond or its equivalent, and (ii)
for purposes of Section 5 only, Expenses incurred by Indemnitee in connection with the interpretation, enforcement or defense of
Indemnitee’s rights under this Agreement, by litigation or otherwise. Expenses, however, shall not include amounts paid in settlement by
Indemnitee or the amount of judgments or fines against Indemnitee.
(p) “Indemnifiable Event” means any event or occurrence, whether occurring before, on or after the date of this Agreement,
related to the fact that Indemnitee is or was a director, officer, employee or agent of the Company or any subsidiary of the Company, or is or
was serving at the request of the Company as a director, officer, employee, member, manager, trustee or agent of another Enterprise or by
reason of an action or inaction by Indemnitee in any such capacity (whether or not serving in such capacity at the time any Loss (as defined
below) is incurred for which indemnification can be provided under this Agreement).
(q) “Indemnitee” shall have the meaning ascribed to it in the prefatory language above.
(r) “Independent Counsel” means a law firm, or a member of a law firm, that is experienced in matters of corporate law and
neither presently performs, nor in the past five (5) years has performed, services for either: (i) the Company or Indemnitee (other than in
connection with matters concerning other indemnitees under similar agreements) or (ii) any other party to the Claim giving rise to a claim for
indemnification hereunder. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the term “Independent Counsel” shall not include any person who, under the
applicable standards of professional conduct then prevailing, would have a conflict of interest in representing either the Company or
Indemnitee in an action to determine Indemnitee’s rights under this Agreement.
(s) “Losses” means any and all Expenses, damages, losses, liabilities, judgments, fines, penalties (whether civil, criminal or
other), ERISA excise taxes, amounts paid or payable in settlement, including any interest, assessments, any federal, state, local or foreign
taxes imposed as a result of the actual or deemed receipt of any payments under this Agreement and all other charges paid or payable in
connection with investigating, defending, being a witness in or participating in (including on appeal), or preparing to defend, be a witness or
participate in, any Claim.
-4-
(t) “Notification Date” shall have the meaning ascribed to it in Section 10(c) below.
(u) “Other Indemnity Provisions” shall have the meaning ascribed to it in Section 14 below.
(v) “Person” means any individual, corporation, firm, partnership, joint venture, limited liability company, estate, trust,
business association, organization, governmental entity or other entity and includes the meaning set forth in Sections 13(d) and 14(d) of the
Exchange Act.
(w) “Standard of Conduct Determination” shall have the meaning ascribed to it in Section 10(b) below.
(x) “Voting Securities” means any securities of the Company that vote generally in the election of directors.
3. Indemnification. Subject to the terms of this Agreement, the Company shall indemnify Indemnitee, to the fullest extent permitted
by the laws of the State of Delaware in effect on the date hereof, or as such laws may from time to time hereafter be amended to increase the
scope of such permitted indemnification, against any and all Losses if Indemnitee was or is or becomes a party to or participant in, or is
threatened to be made a party to or participant in, any Claim by reason of or arising in part out of an Indemnifiable Event, including, without
limitation, Claims brought by or in the right of the Company, Claims brought by third parties, and Claims in which the Indemnitee is solely a
witness.
4. Advancement of Expenses. Indemnitee shall have the right to advancement by the Company, prior to the final disposition of any
Claim by final adjudication to which there are no further rights of appeal, of any and all Expenses actually and reasonably paid or incurred by
Indemnitee in connection with any Claim arising out of an Indemnifiable Event. Indemnitee’s right to such advancement is not subject to the
satisfaction of any standard of conduct. Without limiting the generality or effect of the foregoing, within twenty (20) calendar days after any
request by Indemnitee, the Company shall, in accordance with such request, (a) pay such Expenses on behalf of Indemnitee, (b) advance to
Indemnitee funds in an amount sufficient to pay such Expenses, or (c) reimburse Indemnitee for such Expenses. In connection with any
request for Expense Advances, Indemnitee shall not be required to provide any documentation or information to the extent that the provision
thereof would undermine or otherwise jeopardize attorney-client privilege. Execution and delivery to the Company of this Agreement by
Indemnitee constitutes an undertaking by the Indemnitee, and Indemnitee hereby agrees, to repay any amounts paid, advanced or reimbursed
by the Company pursuant to this Section 4 in respect of Expenses relating to, arising out of or resulting from any Claim in respect of which it
shall be determined, pursuant to Section 10, following the final disposition of such Claim, that Indemnitee is not entitled to indemnification
hereunder. No other form of undertaking shall be required other than the execution of this Agreement. Indemnitee’s obligation to reimburse
the Company for Expense Advances shall be unsecured and no interest shall be charged thereon.
5. Indemnification for Expenses in Enforcing Rights. To the fullest extent allowable under applicable law, the Company shall also
indemnify against, and, if requested by Indemnitee, shall advance to Indemnitee subject to and in accordance with Section 4, any Expenses
actually and reasonably paid or incurred by Indemnitee in connection with any action or proceeding by Indemnitee for (a) indemnification or
reimbursement or advance payment of Expenses by the
-5-
Company under any provision of this Agreement, or under any other agreement or provision of the Constituent Documents now or hereafter
in effect relating to Claims relating to Indemnifiable Events, and/or (b) recovery under any directors’ and officers’ liability insurance policies
maintained by the Company. However, in the event that Indemnitee is ultimately determined not to be entitled to such indemnification or
insurance recovery, as the case may be, then all amounts advanced under this Section 5 shall be repaid. Indemnitee shall be required to
reimburse the Company in the event that a final judicial determination is made that such action brought by Indemnitee was frivolous or not
made in good faith.
6. Partial Indemnity. If Indemnitee is entitled under any provision of this Agreement to indemnification by the Company for a portion
of any Losses in respect of a Claim related to an Indemnifiable Event but not for the total amount thereof, the Company shall nevertheless
indemnify Indemnitee for the portion thereof to which Indemnitee is entitled.
7. Contribution in the Event of Joint Liability. To the fullest extent permissible under applicable law, if the indemnification and hold
harmless rights provided for in this Agreement are unavailable to Indemnitee in whole or in part for any reason whatsoever, the Company, in
lieu of indemnifying and holding harmless Indemnitee, shall pay, in the first instance, the entire amount incurred by Indemnitee, whether for
judgments, liabilities, fines, penalties, amounts paid or to be paid in settlement and/or for Expenses, in connection with any Indemnifiable
Event, in such proportion as is deemed fair and reasonable in light of all of the circumstances of such Indemnifiable Event in order to reflect
(i) the relative benefits received by the Company and Indemnitee as a result of the event(s) and/or transaction(s) giving cause to such
proceeding; and/or (ii) the relative fault of the Company (and its directors, officers, employees, trustees, fiduciaries and agents) and
Indemnitee in connection with such event(s) and/or transaction(s).
8. Notification and Defense of Claims.
(a) Notification of Claims. Indemnitee shall notify the Company in writing as soon as practicable of any Claim which could
relate to an Indemnifiable Event or for which Indemnitee could seek Expense Advances, including a brief description (based upon
information then available to Indemnitee) of the nature of, and the facts underlying, such Claim. The failure by Indemnitee to timely notify
the Company hereunder shall not relieve the Company from any liability hereunder other than to the extent the Company’s ability to
participate in the defense of such claim was materially and adversely prejudiced by such failure.
(b) Defense of Claims. The Company shall be entitled to participate in the defense of any Claim relating to an Indemnifiable
Event at its own expense and, except as otherwise provided below, to the extent the Company so wishes, it may assume the defense thereof
with counsel reasonably satisfactory to Indemnitee. After notice from the Company to Indemnitee of its election to assume the defense of any
such Claim, the Company shall not be liable to Indemnitee under this Agreement or otherwise for any Expenses subsequently directly
incurred by Indemnitee in connection with Indemnitee’s defense of such Claim other than reasonable costs of investigation or as otherwise
provided below. Indemnitee shall have the right to employ its own legal counsel in such Claim, but all Expenses related to such counsel
incurred after notice from the Company of its assumption of the defense shall be at Indemnitee’s own expense; provided, however, that if (i)
Indemnitee’s employment of its own legal counsel has been authorized by the Company, (ii) Indemnitee’s counsel has reasonably determined
that there may be a conflict of interest between Indemnitee and the Company in the defense of such Claim, (iii) after a Change in Control,
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Indemnitee’s employment of its own counsel has been approved by the Independent Counsel or (iv) the Company shall not in fact have
employed counsel to assume the defense of such Claim, then Indemnitee shall be entitled to retain its own separate counsel (but not more than
one law firm plus, if applicable, local counsel in respect of any such Claim) and all Expenses related to such separate counsel shall be borne
by the Company.
9. Procedure Upon Application for Indemnification. In order to obtain indemnification pursuant to this Agreement, Indemnitee shall
submit to the Company a written request therefor, including in such request such documentation and information as is reasonably available to
Indemnitee and is reasonably necessary to determine whether and to what extent Indemnitee is entitled to indemnification following the final
disposition of the Claim. Indemnification shall be made insofar as the Company determines Indemnitee is entitled to indemnification in
accordance with Section 10 below.
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10. Determination of Right to Indemnification.
(a) Mandatory Indemnification; Indemnification as a Witness.
(i) Mandatory Indemnification. To the extent that Indemnitee shall have been successful on the merits or otherwise in
defense of any Claim relating to an Indemnifiable Event or any portion thereof or in defense of any issue or matter therein, including without
limitation dismissal without prejudice or settlement of the Claim (subject to the terms of Section 12 below), Indemnitee shall be indemnified
against all Losses relating to such Claim in accordance with Section 3 to the fullest extent allowable by law.
(ii) Indemnification as a Witness. To the extent that Indemnitee’s involvement in a Claim relating to an Indemnifiable
Event is to prepare to serve and serve as a witness, and not as a party, the Indemnitee shall be indemnified against all Losses incurred in
connection therewith to the fullest extent allowable by law.
(b) Standard of Conduct. To the extent that the provisions of Section 10(a) are inapplicable to a Claim related to an
Indemnifiable Event that shall have been finally disposed of, any determination of whether Indemnitee has satisfied any applicable standard
of conduct under Delaware law that is a legally required condition to indemnification of Indemnitee hereunder against Losses relating to such
Claim and any determination that Expense Advances must be repaid to the Company (a “Standard of Conduct Determination”) shall be
made as follows:
(i) if no Change in Control has occurred, (A) by a majority vote of the Disinterested Directors, even if less than a
quorum of the Board, (B) by a committee of Disinterested Directors designated by a majority vote of the Disinterested Directors, even though
less than a quorum or (C) if there are no such Disinterested Directors, by Independent Counsel in a written opinion addressed to the Board, a
copy of which shall be delivered to Indemnitee; and
(ii) if a Change in Control shall have occurred, (A) if the Indemnitee so requests in writing, by a majority vote of the
Disinterested Directors, even if less than a quorum of the Board or (B) otherwise, by Independent Counsel in a written opinion addressed to
the Board, a copy of which shall be delivered to Indemnitee.
The Company shall indemnify and hold harmless Indemnitee against and, if requested by Indemnitee, shall reimburse
Indemnitee for, or advance to Indemnitee, within twenty (20) calendar days of such request, any and all Expenses incurred by Indemnitee in
cooperating with the Person or Persons making such Standard of Conduct Determination.
(c) Making the Standard of Conduct Determination. The Company shall use its reasonable best efforts to cause any Standard
of Conduct Determination required under Section 10(b) to be made as promptly as practicable. If the Person or Persons designated to make
the Standard of Conduct Determination under Section 10(b) shall not have made a determination within thirty (30) calendar days after the
later of (A) receipt by the Company of a written request from Indemnitee for indemnification pursuant to Section 9 (the date of such receipt
being the “Notification Date”) and (B) the selection of an Independent Counsel, if such determination is to be made by Independent Counsel,
then Indemnitee shall be deemed to have satisfied the applicable standard of conduct, absent (i) a misstatement by Indemnitee of a material
fact, or an omission of a material fact necessary to
-8-
make Indemnitee’s statement not materially misleading, in connection with the request for indemnification, or (ii) a final judicial
determination that any or all such indemnification is expressly prohibited under applicable law; provided, however, that such thirty (30)
calendar day period may be extended for a reasonable time, not to exceed an additional fifteen (15) calendar days, if the Person or Persons
making such determination in good faith requires such additional time to obtain or evaluate information relating thereto. Notwithstanding
anything in this Agreement to the contrary, no determination as to entitlement of Indemnitee to indemnification under this Agreement shall be
required to be made prior to the final disposition of any Claim.
(d) Payment of Indemnification. If, in regard to any Losses:
(i) Indemnitee shall be entitled to indemnification pursuant to Section 10(a);
hereunder; or
(ii) no Standard of Conduct Determination is legally required as a condition to indemnification of Indemnitee
Standard of Conduct Determination,
(iii) Indemnitee has been determined or deemed pursuant to Section 10(b) or Section 10(c) to have satisfied the
Date or (B) the earliest date on which the applicable criterion specified in clause (i), (ii) or (iii) is satisfied, an amount equal to such Losses.
then the Company shall pay to Indemnitee, within twenty (20) calendar days after the later of (A) the Notification
(e) Selection of Independent Counsel for Standard of Conduct Determination. If a Standard of Conduct Determination is to
be made by Independent Counsel pursuant to Section 10(b)(i), the Independent Counsel shall be selected by the Board of Directors, and the
Company shall give written notice to Indemnitee advising Indemnitee of the identity of the Independent Counsel so selected. If a Standard of
Conduct Determination is to be made by the Independent Counsel pursuant to Section 10(b)(ii), the Independent Counsel shall be selected by
Indemnitee, and Indemnitee shall give written notice to the Company advising it of the identity of the Independent Counsel so selected. In
either case, Indemnitee or the Company, as applicable, may, within ten (10) calendar days after receiving written notice of selection from the
other, deliver to the other a written objection to such selection; provided, however, that such objection may be asserted only on the ground
that the Independent Counsel so selected does not satisfy the criteria set forth in the definition of “Independent Counsel” in Section 2, and the
objection shall set forth with particularity the factual basis of such assertion. Absent a proper and timely objection, the individual or firm so
selected shall act as Independent Counsel. If such written objection is properly and timely made and substantiated, (i) the Independent
Counsel so selected may not serve as Independent Counsel unless and until such objection is withdrawn or a court has determined that such
objection is without merit; and (ii) the non-objecting party may, at its option, select an alternative Independent Counsel and give written
notice to the other party advising such other party of the identity of the alternative Independent Counsel so selected, in which case the
provisions of the two immediately preceding sentences, the introductory clause of this sentence and numbered clause (i) of this sentence shall
apply to such subsequent selection and notice. If applicable, the provisions of clause (ii) of the immediately preceding sentence shall apply to
successive alternative selections. If no Independent Counsel that is permitted under the foregoing provisions of this Section 10(e) to make the
Standard of Conduct Determination shall have been selected within twenty (20) calendar days after the Company gives its initial notice
pursuant to the first sentence of this Section 10(e) or Indemnitee gives its initial notice pursuant to the second sentence of this Section 10(e),
as the case may be, either the Company or Indemnitee may petition the Delaware Court to resolve any objection which shall have been made
by
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the Company or Indemnitee to the other’s selection of Independent Counsel and/or to appoint as Independent Counsel an individual or firm to
be selected by the Court or such other person as the Court shall designate, and the individual or firm with respect to whom all objections are
so resolved or the individual or firm so appointed will act as Independent Counsel. In all events, the Company shall pay all of the reasonable
fees and expenses of the Independent Counsel incurred in connection with the Independent Counsel’s determination pursuant to Section 10(b)
and shall fully indemnify and hold harmless such Independent Counsel against any and all expenses, claims, liabilities and damages arising
out of or relating to this Agreement or its engagement pursuant hereto.
(f) Presumptions and Defenses.
(i) Indemnitee’s Entitlement to Indemnification. In making any Standard of Conduct Determination, the Person or
Persons making such determination shall presume that Indemnitee has satisfied the applicable standard of conduct and is entitled to
indemnification, and the Company shall have the burden of proof to overcome that presumption and establish that Indemnitee is not so
entitled. Any Standard of Conduct Determination that is adverse to Indemnitee may be challenged by the Indemnitee in the Delaware Court.
No determination by the Company (including by its directors or any Independent Counsel) that Indemnitee has not satisfied any applicable
standard of conduct or failure by the Company to reach such a determination may be used as a defense to any legal proceedings brought by
Indemnitee to secure indemnification or reimbursement or advance payment of Expenses by the Company hereunder or create a presumption
that Indemnitee has not met any applicable standard of conduct.
(ii) Reliance as a Safe Harbor. For purposes of this Agreement, and without creating any presumption as to a lack of
good faith if the following circumstances do not exist, Indemnitee shall be deemed to have acted in good faith and in a manner he or she
reasonably believed to be in or not opposed to the best interests of the Company if Indemnitee’s actions or omissions to act are taken in good
faith reliance upon the records of the Company, including its financial statements, or upon information, opinions, reports or statements
furnished to Indemnitee by the officers or employees of the Company or any of its subsidiaries in the course of their duties, or by committees
of the Board or by any other Person (including legal counsel, accountants and financial advisors) as to matters Indemnitee reasonably
believes are within such other Person’s professional or expert competence and who has been selected with reasonable care by or on behalf of
the Company. In addition, the knowledge and/or actions, or failures to act, of any director, officer, agent or employee of the Company shall
not be imputed to Indemnitee for purposes of determining the right to indemnity hereunder.
(iii) No Other Presumptions. For purposes of this Agreement, the termination of any Claim by judgment, order,
settlement (whether with or without court approval) or conviction, or upon a plea of nolo contendere or its equivalent, will not create a
presumption that Indemnitee did not meet any applicable standard of conduct or have any particular belief, or that indemnification hereunder
is otherwise not permitted.
(iv) Defense to Indemnification and Burden of Proof. It shall be a defense to any action brought by Indemnitee
against the Company to enforce this Agreement (other than an action brought to enforce a claim for Losses incurred in defending against a
Claim related to an Indemnifiable Event in advance of its final disposition) that it is not permissible under applicable law for the Company to
indemnify Indemnitee for the amount claimed. In connection with any such
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action or any related Standard of Conduct Determination, the burden of proving such a defense or that the Indemnitee did not satisfy the
applicable standard of conduct shall be on the Company.
(v) Resolution of Claims. The Company acknowledges that a settlement or other disposition short of final judgment
may be successful on the merits or otherwise for purposes of Section 10(a)(i) if it permits a party to avoid expense, delay, distraction,
disruption and uncertainty. In the event that any Claim relating to an Indemnifiable Event to which Indemnitee is a party is resolved in any
manner other than by adverse judgment against Indemnitee (including, without limitation, settlement of such action, claim or proceeding with
or without payment of money or other consideration) it shall be presumed that Indemnitee has been successful on the merits or otherwise for
purposes of Section 10(a)(i). The Company shall have the burden of proof to overcome this presumption.
11. Exclusions from Indemnification. Notwithstanding anything in this Agreement to the contrary, the Company shall not be
obligated to:
(a) indemnify or advance funds to Indemnitee for Expenses or Losses with respect to proceedings initiated by Indemnitee,
including any proceedings against the Company or its directors, officers, employees or other indemnitees and not by way of defense, except:
material assertions made by Indemnitee in such proceeding was not made in good faith or was frivolous); or
(i) proceedings referenced in Section 5 above (unless a court of competent jurisdiction determines that each of the
(ii) where the Company has joined in or the Board has consented to the initiation of such proceedings.
(b) indemnify Indemnitee if a final decision by a court of competent jurisdiction determines that such indemnification is
prohibited by applicable law.
(c) indemnify Indemnitee for the disgorgement of profits arising from the purchase or sale by Indemnitee of securities of the
Company in violation of Section 16(b) of the Exchange Act, or any similar successor statute, state law or other law.
(d) indemnify or advance funds to Indemnitee for Indemnitee’s reimbursement to the Company of any bonus or other
incentive-based or equity-based compensation previously received by Indemnitee or payment of any profits realized by Indemnitee from the
sale of securities of the Company, as required in each case under the Exchange Act (including any such reimbursements under Section 304 of
the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 in connection with an accounting restatement of the Company or the payment to the Company of profits
arising from the purchase or sale by Indemnitee of securities in violation of Section 306 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act).
12. Settlement of Claims. The Company shall not be liable to Indemnitee under this Agreement for any amounts paid in settlement of
any threatened or pending Claim related to an Indemnifiable Event effected without the Company’s prior written consent, which shall not be
unreasonably withheld. The Company shall not settle any Claim related to an Indemnifiable Event in any manner that would impose any
Losses on the Indemnitee without the Indemnitee’s prior written consent. The Company shall not, without the prior written consent of
Indemnitee, effect any settlement of any Claim relating to an Indemnifiable Event which the Indemnitee is or could have been a party unless
such settlement solely involves the payment of money and includes a complete
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and unconditional release of the Indemnitee from all liability on all claims that are the subject matter of such Claim.
13. Duration. All agreements and obligations of the Company contained herein shall continue during the period that Indemnitee is a
director, officer, employee or agent of the Company or any subsidiary of the Company (or is serving at the request of the Company as a
director, officer, employee, member, trustee or agent of another Enterprise) and shall continue thereafter (i) so long as Indemnitee may be
subject to any possible Claim relating to an Indemnifiable Event (including any rights of appeal thereto) and (ii) throughout the pendency of
any proceeding (including any rights of appeal thereto) commenced by Indemnitee to enforce or interpret his or her rights under this
Agreement, even if, in either case, he or she may have ceased to serve in such capacity at the time of any such Claim or proceeding.
14. Non-Exclusivity. The rights of Indemnitee hereunder will be in addition to any other rights Indemnitee may have under the
Constituent Documents, the law of the State of Delaware, any other contract or otherwise (collectively, “Other Indemnity Provisions”);
provided, however, that (a) to the extent that Indemnitee otherwise would have any greater right to indemnification under any Other
Indemnity Provision, Indemnitee will be deemed to have such greater right hereunder and (b) to the extent that any change is made to any
Other Indemnity Provision which permits any greater right to indemnification than that provided under this Agreement as of the date hereof,
Indemnitee will be deemed to have such greater right hereunder. The assertion or employment of any right or remedy hereunder, or
otherwise, shall not prevent the concurrent assertion or employment of any other right or remedy.
15. Liability Insurance. For the duration of Indemnitee’s service as a director or officer of the Company, and thereafter for so long as
Indemnitee shall be subject to any pending Claim relating to an Indemnifiable Event, the Company shall use commercially reasonable efforts
(taking into account the scope and amount of coverage available relative to the cost thereof) to continue to maintain in effect policies of
directors’ and officers’ liability insurance providing coverage that is at least substantially comparable in scope and amount to that provided by
the Company’s current policies of directors’ and officers’ liability insurance. The insurance provided pursuant to this Section 15 shall be
primary insurance to the Indemnitee for any Indemnifiable Event and/or Expense to which such insurance applies. In all policies of directors’
and officers’ liability insurance maintained by the Company, Indemnitee shall be named as an insured in such a manner as to provide
Indemnitee the same rights and benefits as are provided to the most favorably insured of the Company’s directors, if Indemnitee is a director,
or of the Company’s officers, if Indemnitee is an officer (and not a director) by such policy. Upon request, the Company will provide to
Indemnitee copies of all directors’ and officers’ liability insurance applications, binders, policies, declarations, endorsements and other
related materials.
16. No Duplication of Payments. The Company shall not be liable under this Agreement to make any payment to Indemnitee in
respect of any Losses to the extent Indemnitee has otherwise received payment under any insurance policy, the Constituent Documents, Other
Indemnity Provisions or otherwise of the amounts otherwise (including from another Enterprise) indemnifiable by the Company hereunder;
provided that the foregoing shall not affect the rights of Indemnitee or the Fund Indemnitors (as defined below) as set forth in Section 17.
17. Primacy of Indemnification. The Company hereby acknowledges that Indemnitee has or may have in the future certain rights to
indemnification, advancement of expenses and/or insurance
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provided by Investment Group of Santa Barbara and certain of its affiliates (collectively, the “Fund Indemnitors”). The Company hereby
agrees (i) that it is the indemnitor of first resort (i.e., its obligations to Indemnitee are primary and any obligation of the Fund Indemnitors to
advance expenses or to provide indemnification for the same expenses or liabilities incurred by Indemnitee are secondary), (ii) that it shall be
required to advance the full amount of expenses incurred by Indemnitee and (iii) that it shall be liable for the full amount of all Losses to the
extent legally permitted and as required by the terms of this Agreement, the Constituent Documents and/or Other Indemnity Provisions,
without regard to any rights Indemnitee may have against the Fund Indemnitors. The Company irrevocably waives, relinquishes and releases
the Fund Indemnitors from any and all claims against the Fund Indemnitors for contribution, subrogation or any other recovery of any kind in
respect thereof. The Company further agrees that no advancement or payment by the Fund Indemnitors on behalf of Indemnitee with respect
to any claim for which Indemnitee has sought indemnification from the Company shall affect the foregoing, and the Fund Indemnitors shall
have a right of contribution and/or be subrogated to the extent of such advancement or payment to all of the rights of recovery of Indemnitee
against the Company. The Company and Indemnitee agree that the Fund Indemnitors are express third party beneficiaries of the terms of this
Section 17.
18. Subrogation. In the event of payment to Indemnitee under this Agreement, the Company shall be subrogated to the extent of such
payment to all of the rights of recovery of Indemnitee (other than against the Fund Indemnitors). Indemnitee shall execute all papers required
and shall do everything that may be necessary to secure such rights, including the execution of such documents necessary to enable the
Company effectively to bring suit to enforce such rights.
19. Amendments; Waivers. No supplement, modification or amendment of this Agreement shall be binding unless executed in
writing by both of the parties hereto. No waiver of any of the provisions of this Agreement shall be binding unless in the form of a writing
signed by the party against whom enforcement of the waiver is sought, and no such waiver shall operate as a waiver of any other provisions
hereof (whether or not similar), nor shall such waiver constitute a continuing waiver. Except as specifically provided herein, no failure to
exercise or any delay in exercising any right or remedy hereunder shall constitute a waiver thereof.
20. Enforcement and Binding Effect.
(a) The Company expressly confirms and agrees that it has entered into this Agreement and assumed the obligations imposed
on it hereby in order to induce Indemnitee to serve as a director or officer of the Company, and the Company acknowledges that Indemnitee
is relying upon this Agreement in serving as a director or officer of the Company.
(b) Without limiting any of the rights of Indemnitee under any Other Indemnity Provisions as they may be amended from
time to time, this Agreement constitutes the entire agreement between the parties hereto with respect to the subject matter hereof and
supersedes all prior agreements and understandings, oral, written and implied, between the parties hereto with respect to the subject matter
hereof.
(c) This Agreement shall be binding upon and inure to the benefit of and be enforceable by the parties hereto and their
respective successors (including any direct or indirect successor by purchase, merger, consolidation or otherwise to all or substantially all of
the business and/or assets of the Company), assigns, spouses, heirs and personal and legal representatives. The Company shall require and
cause any successor (whether direct or indirect by purchase, merger,
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consolidation or otherwise) to all, substantially all or a substantial part of the business and/or assets of the Company, by written agreement in
form and substances satisfactory to Indemnitee, expressly to assume and agree to perform this Agreement in the same manner and to the same
extent that the Company would be required to perform if no such succession had taken place.
21. Severability. The provisions of this Agreement shall be severable in the event that any of the provisions hereof (including any
portion thereof) are held by a court of competent jurisdiction to be invalid, illegal, void or otherwise unenforceable, and the remaining
provisions shall remain enforceable to the fullest extent permitted by law. Upon such determination that any term or other provision is
invalid, illegal or unenforceable, the parties hereto shall negotiate in good faith to modify this Agreement so as to effect the original intent of
the parties as closely as possible in a mutually acceptable manner in order that the transactions contemplated hereby be consummated as
originally contemplated to the greatest extent possible.
22. Notices. All notices, requests, demands and other communications hereunder shall be in writing and shall be deemed to have been
duly given if delivered by hand, against receipt, or mailed, by postage prepaid, certified or registered mail:
(a) if to Indemnitee, to the address set forth on the signature page hereto.
(b) if to the Company, to:
AppFolio, Inc.
Attn: Matt Mazza, General Counsel
50 Castilian Drive
Goleta, California 93117
Notice of change of address shall be effective only when given in accordance with this Section. All notices complying with this Section
shall be deemed to have been received on the date of hand delivery or on the third business day after mailing.
23. Governing Law and Forum. This Agreement shall be governed by and construed and enforced in accordance with the laws of the
State of Delaware applicable to contracts made and to be performed in such state without giving effect to its principles of conflicts of laws.
The Company and Indemnitee hereby irrevocably and unconditionally: (a) agree that any action or proceeding arising out of or in connection
with this Agreement shall be brought only in the Delaware Court and not in any other state or federal court in the United States or any other
country, (b) consent to submit to the exclusive jurisdiction of the Delaware Court for purposes of any action or proceeding arising out of or in
connection with this Agreement and (c) waive, and agree not to plead or make, any claim that the Delaware Court lacks venue or that any
such action or proceeding brought in the Delaware Court has been brought in an improper or inconvenient forum.
24. Headings. The headings of the sections and paragraphs of this Agreement are inserted for convenience only and shall not be
deemed to constitute part of this Agreement or to affect the construction or interpretation thereof.
25. Counterparts. This Agreement may be executed in one or more counterparts, each of which shall for all purposes be deemed to be
an original, but all of which together shall constitute one and the same Agreement.
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[Remainder of Page Intentionally Left Blank; Signature Page Follows]
-15-
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties hereto have executed this Agreement as of the date first above written.
COMPANY:
APPFOLIO, INC.
By:
Name:
Its:
INDEMNITEE:
(Print Name)
Address: 50 Castilian Drive
Goleta, CA 93117
[Signature Page to Indemnification Agreement]
List of Subsidiaries of the Registrant
Subsidiary
AppFolio Utility Management, Inc.
AppFolio Investment Management, Inc.
Dynasty Marketplace, Inc.
AppFolio Insurance Services, Inc.
RentLinx LLC
Terra Mar Insurance Company, Inc.
Exhibit 21.1
Jurisdiction
California
California
Delaware
California
Michigan
Hawaii
CONSENT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM
Exhibit 23.1
We hereby consent to the incorporation by reference in the Registration Statements on Form S-8 (No. 333-236818, No. 333-229970, No.333-223231, No. 333-
216274, No. 333-209792, and No. 333-206179) of AppFolio, Inc. of our report dated March 1, 2021 relating to the financial statements and the effectiveness of
internal control over financial reporting, which appears in this Form 10-K.
/s/ PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP
Los Angeles, California
March 1, 2021
CERTIFICATION OF CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER
PURSUANT TO SECTION 302 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002
EXHIBIT 31.1
I, Jason Randall, certify that:
1.
2.
3.
4.
I have reviewed this Annual Report on Form 10-K of AppFolio, Inc.;
Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the
statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this
report;
Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the
financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;
The registrant's other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in
Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules13a-15(f) and 15d-
15(f)) for the registrant and have:
a.
b.
c.
d.
Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our
supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to
us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;
Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed
under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of
financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;
Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions
about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such
evaluation; and
Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s
most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is
reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and
5.
The registrant's other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the
registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):
a.
b.
All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which
are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and
Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s
internal control over financial reporting.
Date:
March 1, 2021
/s/ Jason Randall
Jason Randall
Chief Executive Officer
CERTIFICATION OF CHIEF FINANCIAL OFFICER
PURSUANT TO SECTION 302 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002
EXHIBIT 31.2
I, Ida Kane, certify that:
1.
2.
3.
4.
I have reviewed this Annual Report on Form 10-K of AppFolio, Inc.;
Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the
statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this
report;
Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the
financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;
The registrant's other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in
Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules13a-15(f) and 15d-
15(f)) for the registrant and have:
a.
b.
c.
d.
Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our
supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to
us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;
Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed
under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of
financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;
Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about
the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such
evaluation; and
Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s
most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is
reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and
5.
The registrant's other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the
registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):
a.
b.
All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which
are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information;
and
Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s
internal control over financial reporting.
Date:
March 1, 2021
/s/ Ida Kane
Ida Kane
Chief Financial Officer
EXHIBIT 32.1
CERTIFICATIONS OF CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER AND CHIEF FINANCIAL OFFICER
PURSUANT TO 18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350,
AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002
The following certifications are hereby made in connection with the Annual Report on Form 10-K of AppFolio, Inc. (the “Company”) for the period
ended December 31, 2020, as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the “Report”):
I, Jason Randall, President and Chief Executive Officer of the Company, hereby certify, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to
Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that, to my knowledge, (i) the Report fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the
Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and (ii) the information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and
results of operations of the Company as of the dates and for the periods presented.
Date:
March 1, 2021
By:
/s/ Jason Randall
Jason Randall
President and Chief Executive Officer
I, Ida Kane, Chief Financial Officer of the Company, hereby certify, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the
Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that, to my knowledge, (i) the Report fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act
of 1934, as amended, and (ii) the information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the
Company as of the dates and for the periods presented.
Date:
March 1, 2021
By:
/s/ Ida Kane
Ida Kane
Chief Financial Officer