Applied DNA Sciences
Annual Report 2018

Plain-text annual report

UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION Washington, D.C. 20549 FORM 10-K xx ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 For the fiscal year ended September 30, 2018 ¨ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 For the transition period from _____ to _____ Commission File Number 001-36745 APPLIED DNA SCIENCES, INC. (Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter) Delaware (State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) 59-2262718 (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.) 50 Health Sciences Drive, Stony Brook, New York (Address of principal executive offices) 11790 (Zip Code) Securities registered under Section 12(b) of the Act: Title of Each Class Common Stock, $0.001 par value Warrants to purchase Common Stock Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Securities registered under Section 12(g) of the Act: None Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act. (631) 840-8800 (Registrant’s telephone number, including area code) Name of each Exchange on Which Registered The NASDAQ Capital Market The NASDAQ Capital Market ¨ Yes x No ¨ Yes x No Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. x Yes ¨ No Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§ 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). x Yes ¨ No Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best of registrant’s knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to this Form 10-K. ¨ Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer”, “smaller reporting company”, and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. Large accelerated filer ¨ Accelerated filer ¨ Non-accelerated filer x Smaller reporting company x Emerging growth company ¨ If an emerging growth company, indicate by a check mark if the registrant has elected to not use the extended transition period of complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ¨ Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Act). ¨ Yes x No The aggregate market value of the Registrant’s voting and non-voting common stock held by non-affiliates of the Registrant, based upon the last sale price of the common stock reported on The Nasdaq Capital Market as of the last business day of the Registrant’s most recently completed second fiscal quarter (March 31, 2018), was approximately $38 million. Shares of the Registrant’s common stock held by each executive officer and director and by each entity or person that, to the Registrant’s knowledge, owned 5% or more of the Registrant’s outstanding common stock as of March 31, 2018 have been excluded in that such persons may be deemed to be affiliates of the Registrant. This determination of affiliate status is not necessarily a conclusive determination for other purposes. As of December 14, 2018, the Registrant had outstanding 30,112,057 shares of common stock, par value $0.001 per share. DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE Portions of the Registrant’s definitive Proxy Statement for the 2019 Annual Meeting of Shareholders, to be filed within 120 days after the end of the fiscal year ended September 30, 2018 and incorporated by reference in Part III hereof. Except with respect to information specifically incorporated by reference in the Annual Report on Form 10-K, the Proxy Statement is not deemed to be filed as part hereof.  TABLE OF CONTENTS BUSINESS RISK FACTORS UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS PROPERTIES LEGAL PROCEEDINGS MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES MARKET FOR COMMON EQUITY, RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS AND ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS ON ACCOUNTING AND FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES OTHER INFORMATION DIRECTORS, EXECUTIVE OFFICERS AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT AND RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS, AND DIRECTOR INDEPENDENCE PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTING FEES AND SERVICES PART I ITEM 1. ITEM 1A. ITEM 1B. ITEM 2. ITEM 3. ITEM 4. PART II ITEM 5. ITEM 6. ITEM 7. ITEM 7A. ITEM 8. ITEM 9. ITEM 9A. ITEM 9B. PART III ITEM 10. ITEM 11. ITEM 12. ITEM 13. ITEM 14. PART IV ITEM 15. EXHIBITS AND FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES I Page 2 26 42 42 42 42 43 43 43 51 51 51 51 51 52 52 52 52 52 52 Forward-looking Information PART I This Annual Report on Form 10-K (including but not limited to Item 7, “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations”) contains “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”), and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), that are intended to qualify for the “safe harbor” created by those sections. In addition, we may make forward-looking statements in other documents filed with or furnished to the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”), and our management and representatives may make forward-looking statements orally or in writing to analysts, investors, representatives of the media and others. Forward-looking statements can generally be identified by the fact that they do not relate strictly to historical or current facts and include, but are not limited to, statements using terminology such as “can”, “may”, “could”, “should”, “assume”, “forecasts”, “believe”, “designated to”, “will”, “expect”, “plan”, “anticipate”, “estimate”, “potential”, “position”, “predicts”, “strategy”, “guidance”, “intend”, “seek”, “budget”, “project” or “continue”, or the negative thereof or other comparable terminology regarding beliefs, plans, expectations or intentions regarding the future. You should read statements that contain these words carefully because they: ● discuss our future expectations; ● contain projections of our future results of operations or of our financial condition; and ● state other “forward-looking” information. We believe it is important to communicate our expectations. However, forward-looking statements are based on our current expectations, assumptions, estimates and projections about our business and our industry and are subject to known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors. Accordingly, our actual results and the timing of certain events may differ materially from those expressed or implied in such forward-looking statements due to a variety of factors and risks, including, but not limited to, those set forth under Item 1, “Business,” Item 1A, “Risk Factors,” Item 7, “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations,” and our consolidated financial statements and notes thereto included in this report, those set forth from time to time in our other filings with the SEC, and the following factors and risks: ● Our ability to continue as a going concern; ● our lack of significant revenues; ● our limited experience in marketing our large-scale PCR based manufacturing platform; ● our history of net losses, which may continue, and our potential inability to achieve profitability; ● the possibility that we may require additional financing, which may involve the issuance of additional shares of common stock or securities exercisable for common stock and dilute the percentage of ownership held by our current stockholders; ● difficulty in obtaining or inability to obtain, additional financing if such financing becomes necessary; ● the possibility we may fail to make timely payments on our secured convertible notes and, as a result, the noteholders enforcing their remedies and ultimately realizing on their collateral which includes substantially all of our assets, including our intellectual property; ● volatility in the price and/or trading volume of our common stock; ● future short selling and/or manipulation of the price of our common stock; ● our inability to implement our short and long-term strategies; ● competition from products and services provided by other companies, including competition in the principal markets for our drug and biologic candidates and linear DNA; ● potential difficulties and failures in manufacturing our products; ● loss of strategic relationships; ● dependence on a limited number of key customers; ● lack of acceptance of our products and services by potential customers; ● potential failure to introduce new products and services; ● difficulty or failure in expanding/and or maintaining our sales, marketing and support organizations and our distribution arrangements necessary to enable us to reach our goals with respect to increasing market acceptance of our products and services; ● seasonality in revenues related to our cotton customer contracts; 1 ● shifting enforcement priorities of U.S. federal laws relating to cannabis; ● inability to obtain and maintain regulatory approval in the pharmaceutical and biologic markets; ● inability of our collaborators, licensees, and customers to develop, obtain approval for and successfully commercialize products that incorporate our technology; ● inability of us, our collaborators, or customers to develop and timely manufacture complex biologic products and their components to exacting quality and safety standards; ● inability to attract and retain qualified scientific, production and managerial personnel, including of Dr. Hayward, our Chief Executive Officer; ● failure to maintain the listing on, or the delisting of our securities from, The NASDAQ Capital Market; ● conflicts of interest with affiliates and related parties with whom we have engaged or entered into transactions; ● inability to compete effectively in the industries in which we operate; ● lack of success in our research and development efforts for new products; ● failure to manage our growth in operations and acquisitions of new technologies and businesses; ● inability to protect our intellectual property rights; ● intellectual property litigation against us or other legal actions or proceedings in which we may become involved; ● unauthorized disclosure of sensitive or confidential data (including customer data) and cybersecurity breaches; and ● adverse changes in worldwide or domestic economic, political or business conditions. All forward-looking statements and risk factors included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K are made as of the date hereof, based on information available to us as of such date, and we assume no obligations to update any forward-looking statement or risk factor, unless we are required to do so by law. If we do update one or more forward-looking statements, no inference should be drawn that we will make updates with respect to other forward-looking statements or that we will make any further updates to those forward- looking statements at any future time. Forward-looking statements may include our plans and objectives for future operations, including plans and objectives relating to our products and our future economic performance, projections, business strategy and timing and likelihood of success. Assumptions relating to the foregoing involve judgments with respect to, among other things, future economic, competitive and market conditions, future business decisions, and the time and money required to successfully complete development and commercialization of our technologies, all of which are difficult or impossible to predict accurately and many of which are beyond our control. Any of the assumptions underlying the forward-looking statements contained in this Annual Report on Form 10-K could prove inaccurate and, therefore, we cannot assure you that the results contemplated in any of such forward-looking statements will be realized. Based on the significant uncertainties inherent in these forward-looking statements, the inclusion of any such statement should not be regarded as a representation or as a guarantee by us that our objectives or plans will be achieved, and we caution you against relying on any of the forward-looking statements contained herein. Our trademarks in the United States include Applied DNA Sciences®, SigNature® molecular tags, SigNature® T molecular tags, fiberTyping®, DNAnet®, digitalDNA®, SigNify®, BackTrac®, Beacon® and CertainT® All trademarks, service marks and trade names included or incorporated by reference in this Annual Report on Form 10-K are the property of their respective owners, including, without limitation, the PimaCott®, HomeGrown® LoneStar™ and HomeGrown Acala™ marks owned by Himatsingka America, Inc. and/or its affiliates. ITEM 1. BUSINESS. Overview Using our large scale polymerase chain reaction (PCR) based manufacturing platform, we manufacture large quantities of linear DNA for various markets. Whether for supply chain security, brand protection, law enforcement or drug or biologic applications, it is our goal to help establish secure flourishing environments that foster quality, integrity and success. With secure taggants, high-resolution DNA authentication, and comprehensive reporting, our SigNature molecular tag technologies are designed to deliver what we believe to be the greatest levels of security, deterrence and legal recourse strength. Under our wholly owned subsidiary, LineaRx, Inc. (LRx), we supply DNA for use in the in vitro medical diagnostics, preclinical biotechnology and preclinical drug and biologic development and manufacturing markets. We are also engaged in preclinical and animal drug candidate development directly and with collaborators focusing on therapeutically relevant DNA constructs manufactured via our PCR-based DNA production platform. 2 SigNature molecular tags, the core of our supply chain security technology platform, are what we believe to be nature’s ultimate means of authentication and supply chain security. We believe our precision-engineered molecular tags have not been broken. Additional layers of protection and complexity are added to the mark in a proprietary manner. SigNature molecular tags in various carriers have proven highly resistant to UV radiation, heat, cold, vibration, abrasion and other extreme environments and conditions. We work closely with our customers to develop solutions that will be optimized to their specifications to deliver maximum impact. Our products and technology are protected by what we believe to be a robust portfolio of patents and trademarks. Using our tagging products and technology, manufacturers, brands, and other stakeholders can ensure authenticity and protect against diversion throughout a product’s journey from manufacturer to use. The core technologies of our supply chain security business are supplied as tag, test and track solutions for large complex supply chains. Our tag, test and track solutions allow our customers to use molecular tags to mark objects in a unique manner that we believe cannot be replicated, and then identify these objects by detecting the absence or presence of the molecular tag. We believe that our disruptive tracking platform offers broad commercial relevance across many industry verticals. Our underlying strategy in the tagging business is to become a solutions provider for supply chains of process industries in which contracts for our products and services are larger and of longer duration as compared to our historic norms, where the benefits to customers and consumers are more significant, and where our forensic security and traceability offer a unique and protected value. Consumers, governments and companies are demanding details about the systems and sources that deliver their goods. They worry about quality, safety, ethics, and the environmental impact. Farsighted organizations are directly addressing new threats and opportunities presented by this question: Where do these goods come from? This is the question and the concerns we are beginning to address for a growing number of companies. We supply key building blocks for creating secure supply chains with traceability of goods, which in turn can help ensure integrity in supply, honest sales and marketing claims, and ethical and sustainable sourcing. Customers using our PCR-produced linear DNA products and services for use in vitro medical diagnostics, preclinical biotechnology research and preclinical drug and biologic development and manufacturing receive DNA product we believe is made cleaner and faster than historical manufacturing methods, thereby offering the opportunity for increased efficiency and turnaround times in their processes. We are also engaged in preclinical and animal drug candidate development activities focusing on therapeutically relevant DNA constructs manufactured via our PCR-based production platform. We seek to develop, acquire and commercialize, along or with partners, a diverse portfolio of nucleic acid based drugs and biologics based on PCR-produced linear DNA which we believe will improve existing nucleic acid based therapeutics or to create new nucleic acid based therapeutics that address unmet medical needs. 3 Corporate History We are a Delaware corporation, which was initially formed in 1983 under the laws of the State of Florida as Datalink Systems, Inc. In 1998, we reincorporated in the State of Nevada, and in 2002, we changed our name to our current name, Applied DNA Sciences, Inc. In December 2008, we reincorporated from Nevada to the State of Delaware. Our corporate headquarters are located at the Long Island High Technology Incubator at Stony Brook University in Stony Brook, New York, where we established laboratories for the manufacture of molecular tags, product prototyping, molecular tag authentication and bulk DNA production. The address of our corporate headquarters is 50 Health Sciences Drive, Stony Brook, New York 11790, and our telephone number is (631) 240-8800. We maintain a website at www.adnas.com where general information about us is available. The information on, or that may be accessed through, our website is not incorporated by reference into and should not be considered a part of this report. Industry Background Supply chain security Supply chains are the systems used by companies to obtain products and services for resale, their own consumption or as a component in a product or service that they then resell. Supply chains often include the sourcing of raw materials, their processing in various stages to create products, and transportation and logistics to move goods both within the supply chain process and to the final consumer. Many different companies may be part of a supply chain, and often the owner of the supply chain has limited ability to oversee and supervise all components of its supply chain. Supply chain security refers to efforts to enhance the security of the supply chain. It combines traditional practices of supply chain management with the security requirements driven by threats such as terrorism, piracy and theft. We focus on two particular parts of supply chain security, the identity of goods to detect substitution of specified inputs with something else, often a cheaper, inferior input and the traceability of goods to a point in its lifecycle. For example, a company might specify that sheets be made of high quality pima cotton but the company that wove the material for the sheets substituted cheaper and inferior upland cotton. We call a supply chain with such security problems a leaky supply chain. Leaky supply chains create significant and growing problems to companies in a wide range of industries as well as governments and individuals worldwide. Large retailers assemble sprawling networks of suppliers in developing countries to produce their goods at cheaper cost, underscoring the difficulties of policing a global supply chain. This is a global problem that only appears to be increasing. Leaky supply chains allow materials to become diluted, diverted or counterfeited, devaluing corporate reputations, potentially causing health and safety concerns, and hindering investment, and may cost hundreds of thousands of people their livelihood every year. In addition, a company with a leaky supply chain has essentially been cheated, since they paid a premium price for an inferior substitution. As more and more companies begin to address the problem of supply chain security, we expect that different systems will compete to be the leading standards by which products can be tracked across world markets. To ensure only genuine products are entering the marketplace requires cutting edge technology. Historically, leaky supply chains and other types of fraud have been combated by embedding various authentication systems and rare and easily distinguishable materials into products; technologies such as radio frequency identification (“RFID”) devices, holograms or integrated circuit chips onto packaging; magnetic strips in automatic teller machine cards; banknote threads on currency; elemental taggants in explosives; and radioactivity and rare molecules in crude oil. We believe these techniques are effective but have generally been reverse-engineered and replicated which limit their usefulness as forensic methods for authentication of the sources of products and other items. Brand Protection Establishing a strong brand is pivotal to business success, as it is how a company is perceived by the customer. We believe that protecting that brand is as important. Counterfeiting affects brands across the globe and effective brand protection strategy has become imperative for companies. Many customers do not even realize that they have a counterfeit product, attributing the poor quality to the brand thus tarnishing its name. A recent Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) report (June 23, 2017) reiterates a number of trends that have been evident for more than a decade – virtually all brands are being counterfeited, and counterfeit and pirated products are originating from virtually all economies on all continents. Counterfeiters are improving their logistics networks, manipulating transit routes, exploiting governance gaps and taking advantage of the huge growth in online shopping, thereby underlining the need for secure supply chains to protect brands. Consumer safety and satisfaction, brand reputation and revenues can be adversely impacted by counterfeiting. Our SigNature molecular tags can be applied to many products, affording quick and definitive identification of authentic products, and aiding in brand protection efforts. Law Enforcement Applications Burglaries, car theft, and cash-in-transit robberies are worldwide problems begging for a solution. The United States leads the world in the occurrence of home burglaries, with a burglary occurring about every 18 seconds in the U.S. (The SafeWise Report - September 13, 2017). Interpol reported that for the year ending December 31, 2017, they had received 7.2 million records of reported stolen motor vehicles from 126 different countries (Interpol — Database Statistics). According to the FBI, there were an estimated 765,484 motor vehicles stolen in the United States in 2016 and the value of the stolen motor vehicles was approximately $5.9 billion. These crimes have wide-ranging impacts, affecting law enforcement agencies, insurance companies, legislative bodies, and justice departments. 4 Asset identification, management, protection and authentication solutions that deliver value to the customer are critical components of any successful theft deterrent program. In addition to tagging assets with a unique mark to prevent theft and facilitate return of stolen goods, it is imperative that would-be thieves know that the items are marked and that law enforcement is trained to properly identify recovered property. Forensic marking of home assets, including automobiles, uses technology to code valuables at risk of theft to identify burglars, linking them directly with a crime scene. Over the years, authorities have found it difficult to obtain convictions of thieves in possession of suspected stolen property unless the true owner can be identified. Nucleic Acid-Based Therapeutics Nucleic acid-based therapeutics have emerged as a new class of drugs and biologics for treating unmet medical needs. Gene therapy, which includes adoptive cell therapy, DNA vaccines and RNA-based therapies, is the foundation for the current fast-paced medical revolution. All gene therapies are driven by DNA, which is required in large scale. As of January 2018, almost 2600 gene therapy clinical trials have been completed, are ongoing or have been approved worldwide (The Journal of Gene Medicine: Gene Therapy Clinical Trials Worldwide to 2017; An Update -March 25, 2018). To date, DNA for gene therapies has been supplied via bacterial plasmids. Bacterial plasmid must be purified to remove bacterial toxins and native bacterial DNA before therapeutic use, a process that increases manufacturing time and complexity. We believe PCR-produced DNA is a better alternative than plasmid DNA for gene therapy. Through the use of our PCR-based manufacturing platforms, we feel we are well situated to supply DNA to the growing nucleic acid-based drug and biologic markets. Therapeutics utilizing our PCR produced linear DNA will require clinical trials and approval by the Food and Drug Administration (“FDA”) which may not occur for many years, if at all. Products and Services SigNature® molecular tags, SigNature® T molecular tags, fiberTyping®, DNAnet®, SigNify® BackTrac®, Beacon® and CertainT® comprise our principal security technology platform. The large-scale production of specific DNA sequences is used in the diagnostics and reagent industries. Contract research and drug development and commercialization relating to PCR-produced DNA constructs forms the basis of LRx. Signature Molecular Tags SigNature Molecular Tags. The SigNature molecular tag is our patented molecular taggant technology, at the core of our platform. It provides forensic power and protection for a wide array of applications. Highly secure, robust and durable, SigNature molecular tags are an ingredient that can be used to fortify brand protection efforts; strengthen supply chain security; and mark, track and convict criminals. Through our SigNature molecular tags, custom DNA sequences can be embedded into a wide range of host carriers including natural and synthetic fibers, ink, varnish, thread, metal coatings, and pharmaceuticals and nutraceuticals. SigNature molecular tags can be made resistant to challenging environments such as heat, cold, vibration, abrasion, organic solvents, chemicals, UV radiation and other extreme environmental conditions, and so can be identified for numerous years after being embedded directly, or into media applied or attached to the item to be marked. Each individual molecular tag is recorded and stored in a secure database so that we can later detect it using a simple spot test, or the molecular tags can be forensically analyzed in our laboratories to obtain definitive proof of the presence or absence of a specific SigNature molecular tag (e.g., one designed to mark a particular product). Our in-lab forensic testing capability delivers an expert witness Certificate of DNA Authentication (“CODA”). Because DNA is one of the densest information carriers known, and can be amplified with high fidelity, only minute quantities of SigNature molecular tags are necessary for successful analysis and authentication. As a result, SigNature molecular tags can fold seamlessly into production and logistics workflows at extremely low concentrations. SigNature molecular tags have been subjected to rigorous testing by the Idaho National Laboratory, a U.S. National Laboratory, by CALCE (the Center for Advanced Life Cycle Engineering), the largest electronic products and systems research center focused on electronics reliability, and by verified procedures in our laboratories. The molecular tag has passed all tests across a broad spectrum of materials and substrates, and has met key military stability standards. SigNature molecular tags have also passed a strenuous “red- team” vetting on behalf of the U.S. Defense Logistics Agency. SigNature molecular tags now exist on hundreds of millions of commodity quantities ranging from consumer product packaging to microcircuits to cotton and synthetic fibers; to our knowledge, none has ever been copied. SigNature T Molecular Tags and fiberTyping SigNature T Molecular Tags. SigNature T molecular tags are a unique patented tagging and authentication system specifically designed for textiles and apparel. Specially engineered to adhere tenaciously to textile substrates, including natural and synthetic fibers, SigNature T molecular tags are resistant to standard textile production conditions. The result: an enduring forensic level molecular tag that remains present from the fiber stage through to the finished product. 5 Our SigNature T technology allows for better quality control and assurance at any point in the supply chain. SigNature T molecular tags are currently used for brand protection efforts and raw material source compliance programs. For example, American grown cotton fibers can be tagged at the gin in the United States, verified as “American grown” and then traced through every step of the supply chain. fiberTyping. Our patented cotton genotyping platform, known as “fiberTyping,” described below, complements our SigNature T molecular tag system. fiberTyping is employed to identify the genus and species of the fibers before or after they are tagged with SigNature T molecular tags. fiberTyping cannot be used to provide unique identity of a specific cotton through the supply chain. fiberTyping is not a molecular tag, but a genotyping test of native cotton fiber DNA, which gives a clear result that determines whether the intended “nature-made” endogenous cotton DNA is present in fiber, yarn or fabric. Samples from the primary material are sent to our forensic labs for DNA analysis and authentication. Cotton classification and the authentication of cotton species after cotton has left its place of origin are issues of global significance, important to brand owners and to governments that must regulate the international cotton trade. The use of endogenous DNA to identify the cotton fiber content in textile supply chains, along with the SigNature T molecular tag system is a significant opportunity for brand license holders to control their intellectual property, for brands to shield themselves against legal liabilities, and for governments to improve their ability to enforce compliance with trade agreements between nations. We believe that our proprietary DNA extraction protocols and methodologies are more effective than existing forensic systems. We believe that the combination of our SigNatureT molecular tags and fiberTyping solutions cover the forensic authentication market for textiles and that the related protocols we have developed may be applicable to multiple industry verticals (such as ingredients in nutraceuticals and cannabis) and can mark and authenticate products at every stage of their life cycle, from beginning to end. DNAnet, Smart DNA and Backtrac Recognizing that DNA-based evidence is the cornerstone of modern-era law enforcement, we have developed what we believe to be the ultimate crime fighting tools – currently being used in vehicle and home asset marking, as well as commercial applications. These molecular tags can be used to definitively link evidence and offenders to specific crime scenes. As the crime is investigated, the fluorescing molecular marker can assist police in linking the offender and stolen items to a specific crime scene, creating a greater ability to identify and convict. These long-lasting tagging solutions contain unique molecular tags that can help return stolen or lost property to its rightful owner. Beacon Beacon locked optical markers deliver secure real-time inspection capabilities. A unique patented encrypted mechanism creates a protected, covert screening tool that can be easily adapted to packaging, security labels and high–value assets through inks, varnishes and coatings. When Beacon locked optical markers are combined with SigNature molecular tags, a strong and flexible security and screening solution is created where authenticity and provenance can be determined with confidence. SigNify Developing a secure method for real-time, in-field screening of molecularly-tagged items has long been a priority for us. We believe that standard fluorophores, up-converting phosphors, holograms and other more-traditional screening tools provide little to no defense against counterfeiting. We believe that secure in-field inspection backed with forensic-level molecular tag authentication is the key to maintaining a well-defended supply chain or asset management program. The SigNify IF portable DNA reader provides definitive real-time authentication of SigNature and SigNature T molecular tags in the field. With SigNify IF, Signature molecular tags become a true, front-line solution for supply chain integrity. Information Technology Systems Applied DNA Sciences Portal. The CertainT and other customer applications include the use of a software platform that enables customers to manage the security of company- marked goods from point of marking to point of authentication or validation to end of life. The base platform is configurable to customer requirements which differ by vertical market, company business process and IT environment. Basic functions offered include molecular tag inventory management, program training and communications, a database of marked items information, associated documents and images, chain of custody and location tracking, sample authentication processing and CODA downloads, and other administrative functions. Designed for either cloud or local operation, the system supports mobile data capture using bar codes or other technologies. The system is architected as the controller and repository for other validation and authentication devices such as our SigNify DNA Readers, DNA Transfer Systems, and other third party devices and is designed to share data with third party applications through standard interfaces. 6 DNA Transfer Systems and Cannabis Tracking System. Our DNA Transfer Systems and Cannabis Tracking System are developed for DNA marking applications which are high volume with a need for monitoring and control. They are computer based, fully automated, offer remote internet access for real-time monitoring and can be configured for application-specific alerts and reporting online. They are being used to mark cotton at six U.S. cotton gins in the 2018-2019 ginning season and one location in Australia. CertainT Supply Chain Platform CertainT helps brands confirm their product’s authenticity and origin with certified, trust, transparency and traceability through the seamless amalgamation of several of our platform technologies to tag, test and track. The CertainT trademark indicates use of the CertainT tagging, testing and tracking platform to enable proof of product claims for any material, item or product. Secure and proven, the CertainT Platform helps manufacturers, brands or other commercial organizations deliver on their promise that customers are buying products that are ethically-sourced, safe and authentic. Large-scale production of specific DNA sequences using PCR. Our patented Triathlon™ PCR systems allow for the large-scale production of specific DNA sequences. The systems are computer-controlled, self-contained and modular. DNA sequences produced through our processes and systems are being used by customers as components of diagnostic tests and reagents, which provide us the opportunity to cross-sell our DNA-based supply chain security solutions to this installed base and others. We believe we have the ability to manufacture longer DNA sequences valuable in gene therapies, adoptive cell therapies (such as CAR T), DNA vaccines, RNA therapies and diagnostics, with what we believe is a distinct competitive advantage in cost, cleanliness, and time-to-market. These types of DNA are distinct from our DNA security markers and represent a potential new entry into medical markets, where we believe there are opportunities for our broader platform. Customers using our PCR-produced linear DNA products and services for use in in vitro medical diagnostics, preclinical biotechnology research and preclinical drug and biologic manufacturing receive DNA product that we believe is made cleaner and faster than historical manufacturing methods, thereby offering the opportunity for increased efficiency and turnaround times in their processes. Contract Research Under LRx, we act as a contract research organization for the nucleic acid-based medical and biologic markets. In addition, LRx is providing contract research services to several RNA based drug and biologic customers for preclinical studies. These services include the design, development and manufacture of PCR-produced DNA templates for RNA. Therapeutics In addition, we seek to develop, acquire and commercialize, ourselves or with partners, a diverse portfolio of nucleic acid-based drugs and biologics based on PCR-produced linear DNA to improve existing nucleic acid-based therapeutics or to create new nucleic acid-based therapeutics that address unmet medical needs. We are also engaged in preclinical and animal drug candidate development activities focusing on therapeutically relevant DNA constructs manufactured through our large scale PCR production systems. LRx uses its PCR systems to rapidly produce customized DNA for use by our CRO/CMO clients, our preclinical drug and biologic clients and partners, and for our own preclinical nucleic acid-based drugs and biologics under development in the field of CAR T-cell immunotherapy. Our Strategy The core technologies of our supply chain security business are supplied as tag, test and track solutions for large complex supply chains. Our tag, test and track solutions, allow our customers to use molecular tags to mark objects in a unique manner, and then identify these objects by detecting the absence or presence of the molecular tag. We believe that our disruptive tracking platform offers broad commercial relevance across many industry verticals. Our underlying strategy in the tagging business is to become a solutions provider for supply chains of process industries in which contracts for our products and services are larger and of longer duration as compared to our historic norms, where the benefits to customers and consumers are more significant, and where our forensic security and traceability offer a unique and protected value. Consumers, governments and companies are demanding details about the systems and sources that deliver their goods. They worry about quality, safety, ethics, and the environmental impact. Farsighted organizations are directly addressing new threats and opportunities presented by this question: Where do these goods come from? This is the question and the concerns we are beginning to address for a growing number of companies. We supply key building blocks for creating secure supply chains with traceability of goods, which in turn can help ensure integrity in supply, honest sales and marketing claims, and ethical and sustainable sourcing. Customers using our PCR-produced linear DNA products and services for in vitro medical diagnostics, preclinical biotechnology research and preclinical drug and biologic manufacturing receive DNA product made we believe cleaner and faster than historical manufacturing methods, thereby offering the opportunity for increased efficiency and turnaround times in their processes. We are also engaged in preclinical and animal drug candidate development focusing on therapeutically relevant DNA constructs manufactured via our PCR-based production platform. We seek to develop, acquire and commercialize, along with partners, a diverse portfolio of nucleic acid-based therapeutics based on PCR- produced linear DNA to improve existing nucleic acid-based therapeutics or create new nucleic acid-based therapeutics that address unmet medical needs. 7 Our products and services are offered in the United States, Europe and Asia. At the present time, we are focusing our efforts on textile and apparel, pharmaceuticals and nutraceuticals, microcircuits and other electronics, legal cannabis and PCR-produced linear DNA products, as well as and services for in vitro medical diagnostics, preclinical biotechnology research and preclinical biotherapeutic manufacturing. Currently, approximately twenty percent of our annual revenue comes from the textile market. The cotton ginning season in the United States takes place between September and March each year; therefore, revenues from our cotton customer contracts may be seasonal and recognized primarily during our first and fourth fiscal quarters, which may cause operating results to fluctuate significantly quarterly and annually. The basic technology we use in various markets is very similar, and we believe our solutions are adaptable for many types of products and markets. To date, the substantial portion of our revenues has been generated from sales of our SigNature and SigNature T molecular tags, our principal supply chain security and product authentication solutions. We expect to grow revenues from sales of our SigNature molecular tags, SigNature T molecular tags, SigNify and CertainT offerings as we work with companies and governments to secure supply chains for various types of products and product labeling throughout the world. In addition, we expect to continue to grow revenues from PCR-produced linear DNA products and services using our Triathlon™ PCR systems. The basic technology we use in various markets is very similar, and we believe our solutions are adaptable for many types of products and markets. Target Potential High-Volume Markets We will continue to focus our efforts on target vertical markets that are characterized by a high level of vulnerability to leaky supply chains, product diversion and a lack of security. We also intend to expand into additional related high volume markets. Pursue Strategic Acquisitions and Alliances We intend to pursue strategic acquisitions of companies and technologies that strengthen and complement our core technologies, improve our competitive positioning, allow us to penetrate new markets, and grow our customer base. We also intend to work in collaboration with potential strategic partners in order to continue to market and sell new product lines derived from, but not limited to, DNA technology. Present Markets: Textiles and Apparel Textile identity and the authentication of a product’s origin, are issues of global significance, important to brand owners for quality assurance and compliance, and to governments that must regulate international trade, enforce textile labeling, and protect consumers. We believe that CertainT, an integrated platform to Tag, Test, and Track fiber, yarn, fabrics all the way to finished goods, enables brands and manufacturers to preserve the integrity authenticity and quality of the source materials in a global supply chain. As a result, consumers will have confidence that claims and ingredients listed on the label are proven in the finished product. CertainT molecular business solutions are relevant to natural fibers like cotton, wool, cashmere, down and feather, and leather, as well as man-made fiber, recycled polyester, viscose and other synthetic products used in apparel, footwear and home textiles globally. The molecular tag is robust, and inert. It has no impact on the form or function of raw materials or end products and is persistent throughout the manufacturing process. The information content of each unique SigNature T tag can be assigned with precision to a supply chain objective. Thus, SigNature T tagged materials have their own identity and may offer, for example, a unique story of where, when, and/or how they were made. The flexible nature of SigNature T technology facilitates easy addition of the tag at virtually any stage of textile production. Molecular tag analysis verifies goods identity as the corner stone of the platform. Testing can be conducted at Applied DNA’s ISO 17025 accredited forensic laboratories in Stony Brook, New York, or in the field, for some validated products, using portable processes and equipment. Our Market Response As part of the CertainT platform, our patented SigNature T molecular tag technology for molecular tagging and authentication has been proven to be scalable and commercially applicable in integrated textile supply chains, in cotton as well as recycled polyester and is currently in use by our customers. Our SigNature T molecular tag commercial program involves the creation of unique SigNature T molecular tags that can be used to tag a customer’s cotton fiber at the ginning stage. Installed in October 2017, our updated fully automated, secure DNA Transfer Systems allow for traceability and monitoring of all molecularly-tagged cotton at multiple gins in Arkansas, Texas and California. During fiscal 2018, a DNA Transfer System was installed in a gin in Australia. The DNA Transfer Systems allow for expansion of tagging at other gins to support increased demand for tagging in future years. Once tagged, the cotton fiber may be authenticated for textile identity from grower to ginner to spinner to manufacturer to distributor to retailer. At each step of the process, its textile identity will be tested to link the original cotton fiber to finished product, preserving the authenticity of the product and the integrity of the supply chain. SigNature T DNA tags are being used to mark premium Pima cotton fiber, known as PimaCott® and are also beginning to be used to mark Upland cotton, under the HomeGrown™ LoneStar™ and HomeGrown Acala™ trademarks. As the cotton ginning in the U.S. takes place sometime between September and March each year, it is possible that revenues from this business will be seasonal. 8 In June 2017, we entered into a new licensing agreement with Himatsingka America, Inc., which is part of the Himatsingka Group. (“Himatsingka America”), a leading supplier of home textiles. This agreement terminates an earlier licensing agreement dated March 25, 2015 between Divatex Home Fashion, Inc. (a predecessor to Himatsingka America) and the Company. Under the terms of the Agreement, Himatsingka America will be solely responsible for promoting, marketing and selling on a worldwide basis the Company’s technology with respect to finished and unfinished cotton products. The Agreement grants Himatsingka America an exclusive license to use our technology in respect of cotton, subject to certain carve-outs including governmental users, non-commercial trade associations and others. The Agreement has a term that continues until June 23, 2042, except in the case of patents, in which case the term continues with respect to a patent until such patent is no longer in effect. The Agreement also provides that Himatsingka America will make royalty payments on a quarterly basis in arrears in the event that our technology is used on non-home products. Himatsingka America is responsible for the inspection and compliance within the supply chain. Himatsingka America is generally required to use our technology during the term of the Agreement, subject, among other things, to their customers’ requirements. We have established an independent testing laboratory in Ahmedabad, India, which is required by the agreement. Finished products made from this tagged fiber are offered for sale under the PimaCott®, HomeGrown®, LoneStar™ and HomeGrown Acala™ content branded labels. The Agreement includes customary mutual indemnification provisions. See also the information under the caption “—Distribution of our Products and Commercial Agreements—Himatsingka America.” In January 2016, we signed a cooperative research and development agreement (“CRADA”) with the United States Department of Agriculture (“USDA”) to collaborate on the development of genotyping assays for cultivars from specific geographic regions of the world. This agreement was extended on April 1, 2018 for an additional five years. It is important to be able to differentiate cotton based on country of origin to help avoid “Conflict Cotton”, cotton grown using child labor or other undesirable practices. We believe this will assist the cotton industry in protecting the quality and traceability of the products and help protect their economic investments. For recycled polyester, over 15 million pounds of fiber have been initially tagged with our SigNature T molecular tagging technology. On June 28, 2017, we signed a multi-year license agreement with GHCL Limited, a global manufacturer of home textiles, to provide CertainT platform services in connection with source-verified, polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and recycled PET (rPET post-consumer) in select home textile products. PET is the clear plastic best known for its use in water bottles, and is the most widely recycled plastic in the world. GHCL is using our CertainT platform in connection with PET and/or recycled PET blended bed sheets, pillowcases, and shams products sold in-store or online in the United States. GHCL has also licensed our CertainT trademark for use on its products, as well as for promotional, marketing and sales materials. The agreement provides for guaranteed minimum annual revenues in order to maintain exclusivity during the renewal period, as well as trademark licensing royalties to us. GHCL is using our CertainT platform for verifying PET and recycled PET authenticity from source to retail shelf. With this platform, GHCL assures that any of its textile products using PET and recycled PET will contain the original source raw materials. We will provide our patented and proprietary tagging, testing and tracking services to GHCL as a CertainT licensee. As part of the platform, Applied DNA’s molecular tag is extruded into recycled components that create recycled PET fiber, with no impact to performance or quality of the fiber or filament yarns. Thereafter, any piece of CertainT-tagged textiles can be forensically authenticated by detecting the molecular tag in the recycled PET fiber, ensuring its authenticity and origin. During October 2018, GHCL launched CIRKULARITY™, a new brand of eight lines of bedding supporting the circular economy. These lines center on “reduce, reuse and recycle”. REKOOP®, the inspiration behind CIRKULARITY, is a brand of bedding products made from recycled plastic (rPET) and is the first bedding product to use our CertainT platform. REKOOP uses our CertainT platform to trace and authenticate the post-consumer recycled polyester plastic in its bed sheets, pillowcases, and shams throughout the entire supply chain. On July 11, 2017 we signed a new multi-year exclusive license agreement with Loftex Home, LLC (“Loftex”), a well-respected manufacturer of high-quality towels and home textiles. Under a prior agreement entered into during March 2017, we agreed to provide our CertainT™ platform services to Loftex to verify the authenticity and origin of rPET (post- consumer) used in bath and beach towels. This new multi-year agreement between the two companies is now exclusive for bath and beach towels in the United States, non- exclusive for plush throws and bath rugs, and provides for long term minimum annual revenues, in order to maintain exclusivity, as well as trademark licensing royalties to us. For information on our statement of work with American & Efird and research project with BLC, please see “Distribution of our Products and Commercial Agreements.” Microcircuits and other electronics The vast majority of counterfeits discovered in military equipment are semiconductors, the stamp-sized silicon wafers that act as the “brains” of nearly every type of modern electronic system. According to an article in DefenseOne (Counterfeits Can Kill U.S. Troops. So Why Isn’t Congress and DoD Doing More to Stop it? — August 8, 2013), the U.S. military is an important consumer of these tiny products; a single F-35 Joint Strike Fighter jet is controlled by more than 2,500 semiconductors. One of the reasons counterfeit microcircuits are a major concern in weapons procurement is because the chips, which control targeting accuracy and other critical parameters, can wreak havoc if they do not perform to specifications. They can also be a means of sabotaging weapon systems if covertly supplied by a hostile government through seemingly legitimate companies. The Defense Logistics Agency (DLA) is the nation’s combat support agent for logistics. DLA The Agency manages over 5 million parts, supports more than 2,300 weapon systems, and accounts for nearly 85% of the spare parts for our military forces. DLA’s reach extends far beyond DoD. The Agency supports Foreign Military Sales (FMS) to more than 100 nations. DLA provides significant support to worldwide humanitarian relief, the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA), and other federal, state, and local customers. 9 The problem is not limited to the defense industry. According to an April 2016 report by OECD and the EU Intellectual Property Office, fake products are worth nearly $461 billion per year, or roughly 2.5% of all global trade. Our Market Response On November 15, 2012, DLA began to require that defense contractors provide certain items that have been marked with DNA produced by us or our authorized licensees. This requirement was in place for items falling within Federal Supply Class (FSC) 5962, Electronic Microcircuits, which have been determined to be at high risk for counterfeiting. Beginning on December 15, 2014, DLA’s Electronic Product Test Center (“PTC”) in Columbus, Ohio began DNA marking all FSC 5962 microcircuits. This change created a centralized, streamlined DNA marking process within DLA. On November 13, 2014, we were awarded a contract by DLA to provide DLA with SigNature DNA molecular tags and related equipment, services and training. This contract was then extended through October 13, 2018. An additional follow-on two-year contract (plus one exercise year) to ensure there is no lapse in support of the current DNA program at DLA’s PTC was signed on September 6, 2018. In addition, on June 6, 2017, we were awarded a two-year, approximately $1.5 million competitive-bid development contract. The award, funded by the Office of the Secretary of Defense on behalf of the DLA, runs from June 1, 2017 to May 31 2019, and was granted via a Rapid Innovation Fund (RIF) that provides DLA with innovative technologies that can be rapidly inserted into acquisition programs to meet specific defense needs. Management oversight for this RIF contract is from DLA HQ located in Fort Belvoir, Virginia. This firm-fixed price contract follows our prior RIF contract, described further below, that enabled us to develop counterfeit mitigation technologies based upon our proprietary DNA platforms, that protect plastics, silicone elastomers, oils, bearings, fasteners and many other high-risk commodities that are procured by DLA on behalf of DoD. This contract will extend our authentication platform to facilitate broader use in protecting high-risk or mission-critical material purchased by DLA. This contract together with prior development contracts have strengthened our core capabilities to offer supply chain risk management solutions across an expanded range of critical components used in defense, industrial and consumer markets. On November 20, 2017 we signed a CRADA with the U.S. Army Research, Development and Engineering Command’s Edgewood Chemical Biological Center (“ECBC”) to study the commercialization of ECBC’s innovative rapid, in-field DNA microarray technology for use in military and commercial supply chains. ECBC is the nation’s primary DoD technical research organization for non-medical chemical and biological warfare defense. Under the terms of the CRADA, a cooperative effort under the DLA RIF award secured by us in June 2017, ECBC’s subject matter experts and our science team will cooperatively study the feasibility of commercializing ECBC’s in-field DNA detection technology in varied supply chains. ECBC’s hand-held in-field DNA microarray technology allows for detection of a DNA taggant within a few minutes. The project goal is to demonstrate the system with our taggants introduced into standard inks or varnishes or onto other surfaces, without the need for DNA amplification or other sample preparation, thus greatly simplifying in-field DNA detection. Cash-in-Transit Cash-in-transit businesses transport and store cash and ATM cassettes. In the U.K. alone, there is an estimated £500 billion being transported each year (approximately $755 billion as of December 2015) or £1.4 billion per day (approximately $2.2 billion) (British Security Industry Association: “Combating Cash Delivery Crime”). The nature of this business makes cash-in-transit an attractive target for criminals and as a result the industry invests in excess of £100 million (approximately $151.1 million) per year in security equipment and devices. Since 2009, the number of CViT (Cash and Valuables in Transit) convictions attributed to the use of SigNature DNA in cash boxes has risen to more than 125, with prison sentences of over 610 years. SigNature DNA forensic tags are helping Police across Europe to identify stolen cash and to link the evidence directly to the perpetrators. According to the FBI, in 2016, over 40 people were killed or injured in over 4,000 robberies of financial institutions across the nation (Bank Crime Statistics 2016 - FBI). Our Market Response We incorporate our SigNature DNA molecular tags in cash degradation inks that are used in the cash-in-transit industry in countries throughout the United Kingdom and other countries within Europe. This solvent-based ink marks bank notes if the cash box is compromised and has the ability to penetrate the bank notes rapidly and permanently. We believe our SigNature DNA molecular tags are more resilient and detectable than other competing technologies. To date, the use of SigNature DNA in the cash handling industry has allowed our products to facilitate the convictions of more than 125 criminals across Europe involved in cash- in-transit crime with aggregate prison sentences of over 610 years. SigNature DNA has been used since 2008 in Europe within the ink and / or smoke systems of Intelligent Bank Note Neutralisation Systems (“IBNS”), more commonly known as cash boxes and ATM cassettes. Unique, SigNature DNA molecular tags are incorporated into each IBNS during manufacture. 10 Consumer Asset Marking Car crime is a very large and profitable business, costing billions of dollars per year and representing approximately one-third of all reported crime. It is estimated that approximately 70 percent of stolen cars are broken up and sold for spare parts, while the rest are given a false identity and sold, with many of those being exported to the Middle and Far East. Everyone has assets they want to look after - from household goods such as TVs, jewelry and antiques to office equipment including computers and laptops. There are a wide variety of valuable items that need to be uniquely identified and protected from theft. Forensic marking of home assets uses technology to code valuables at risk of theft to mark burglars, linking them directly with a crime scene. Over the years, authorities have found it difficult to obtain convictions of thieves in possession of suspected stolen property unless the true owner can be identified. If marked items are stolen and later found, police can link them directly with the crime scene, not only allowing the property to be returned to its owner, but also increasing the chance of convicting the thieves. Our Market Response We believe that DNAnet, Smart DNA and Backtrac enhance law enforcement effectiveness by providing forensic quality evidence. The DNAnet, SmartDNA and Backtrac Asset Marking program provides a simple and cost-effective way for asset owners to deter crime and protect their property, a way for law enforcement to identify the rightful owners of lost or stolen property, and a way to tell criminals…stay away because you will get caught!. Our Smart DNA is being used to protect the automobiles of one major European automotive manufacturer against the theft of their automotive parts after being imported into at least one E.U. country. New cars are marked with a unique code applied at point of importation or delivery to the customer. Customer details are registered on a secure database. The DNA molecular tag provides absolute identification to the vehicle. The molecular tags are covert and difficult to remove. If found, vehicles and their component parts are traceable back to the car, from anywhere on the globe. If the car is stolen and recovered, police will be able to link the criminal to the crime, and will know exactly where to return the vehicle. Highly visible warning stickers are displayed on the windshield of the car, deterring theft in the first place. To date, over 70,000 high-end cars have been marked with Smart DNA. Printing and Packaging The scourge of counterfeiting in packaging has greatly intensified in recent years. Counterfeiting has spiked, causing detrimental health concerns for consumers, safety concerns for law enforcement agencies, and financial concerns for businesses worldwide. As a result, the global anti-counterfeit packaging market is estimated to reach approximately $206.57 billion by the year 2021, according to Markets and Markets. Billions of dollars per year are at stake for companies as they seek ways to ensure that the products sold with their logos and branding are authorized and authentic. The proliferation of counterfeiting requires brand owners and their converter/printer partners to work together to create a multi-layered protection plan so that their packaging and labels protect their brands and deter those trying to profit at their (and their reputation’s) expense. Counterfeiters have become so good at their unlawful activity that spotting the difference between legitimate and counterfeit products can be daunting. They have many ways to subvert legitimate brands. They may take an out-of-date — but legitimate — product and sell it in packaging and labels that have been faked. Sometimes, everything — including the packaging, labels and product itself — is counterfeit. Criminals might also use legitimate packaging with knock-off products. Our Market Response Our integrated platform of forensic level molecular tags and optical and digital technologies offers a high level of security and flexibility in a cost-effective and easy-to-use format to suit the requirements and budget of most companies. They can be added to the varnish, ink or toner in labels and packaging to act as a trace without impacting the quality of the substrate. Our SigNify IF reader or forensic laboratory process is required to detect the molecular tags and verify that a label is authentic. Proprietary optical and digital technologies complement SigNature molecular tags with more rapid screening capability. During September 2017 we entered into a strategic partnership with Videojet Technologies Inc. (Videojet). We have collaborated with Videojet in the design of co-branded SigNature® molecular-tagged Videojet inks, and a co-branded printer that electronically restricts the use of ink cartridges to only those that contain SigNature molecular tagged inks. The relationship brings the potential to empower the tagging of countless commercial items, all of which are candidates for a CertainT licensing agreement, enabling traceability along the entire supply chain. Integrating the technologies from both companies creates a world-class solution that will be offered to the many industries in which both companies are already engaged. Videojet’s 325,000-installed base of printers, which code and mark well over ten billion products each day, is a testament to the power of continuous inkjet printing (CIJ) technology. The initial offering utilizes Videojet’s newly released 1860 printer, which will be co-branded with us, along with co-branded Videojet inks that will incorporate our unique SigNature molecular tag into each individual ink cartridge. The SigNature-enabled inks may be brand-specific, enabling each brand to tag, test and track their products from source to shelf under a CertainT platform. Gaining this additional traceability, transparency, and ultimately trust between value chain partners will allow brands to offer a new level of certainty to their customers that the products they are buying are authentic. 11 Diagnostics and Reagents DNA-based diagnostics is an emerging application area in the in-vitro diagnostics industry. DNA–protein adducts are popular across the medical diagnostics industry, where these molecules aid in the determination of the incidence of a suspected disease caused by an organism or pathogen. Based on the amount of target DNA present, probes can be used either directly to detect target DNA, facilitate the performance of targeting proteins or indirectly to target DNA through amplification that creates a number of copies of a specific nucleotide. Increased automation of diagnostic tests, discovery of new diagnostic markets, rising investments in pharmaceutical and pharmacogenomics research, and advancements in DNA array technologies are major growth facilitators for the DNA probes-based diagnostic products market. According to an article from BCC Research, (“DNA Diagnostics Market to Almost Double by 2022 with 14.3% CAGR”), the DNA Diagnostics market will reach $23.8 billion in 2022. The potential to provide accurate diagnosis and cost effectiveness over alternative diagnostic techniques are factors that supplement the growth of the DNA diagnostics market. Recent figures suggest that globally, approximately 32.5 million people are living with cancer (as of 2012) with 14.5 million people in the U.S. living with cancer (as of 2014) and 36.7 million with HIV/AIDS (as of 2015) (International Agency for Research on Cancer, Cancer Fact Sheets, All Cancers (excluding non-melanoma skin cancer), Estimated Incidence, Mortality and Prevalence Worldwide in 2012; World Health Organization, Global Health Observatory (GHO) Data, Cancer Facts and Figures 2017, amFAR). These numbers, we believe are set to increase consistently; however, advanced automated DNA diagnostics technologies such as next generation sequencing could play a crucial role in diagnosing and curbing these diseases. (Allied Market Research, “DNA Diagnostics Market is Expected to Reach $19 Billion by 2020” (August 28, 2014)) 12 Our Market Response Following our acquisition of substantially all the assets of Vandalia Research, Inc. in September 2015, we are able to produce specific, high-quality DNA sequences with the PCR production system known as Triathlon, which is well suited to meet these diagnostic and reagent needs. Cell-based DNA production methods are often complicated by impurities. In contrast, we believe our PCR-based production method offers a high degree of purity and efficiency. In April 2017, we were awarded a five-year supply agreement with FUJIFILM Wako Pure Chemical Corp. (formerly Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.) for the manufacture of bulk DNA for in vitro medical diagnostics. This supply agreement includes quarterly DNA shipments and optional three-year renewals. Under this multi-year contract, our DNA is utilized in a medical diagnostic tool that aids in assessing disease. Pharmaceutical Supply Chain From cyber-attacks in large pharmaceutical companies like the one that affected a large global healthcare leader earlier this year to the rising opioid crisis, the pharmaceutical supply chain has more risk inherent than ever before. Reducing supplier risk to help boost patient safety is becoming more important than ever to pharmaceutical companies. The pharmaceutical industry also faces major problems relative to counterfeit, diluted, or falsely labeled drugs that make their way through healthcare systems worldwide, posing a health threat to patients and a financial threat to drug makers and distributors. Counterfeit prescription pharmaceuticals are a growing trend, widely recognized as a public health risk and a serious concern to public health officials, private companies, and consumers. The National Association of Boards of Pharmacy estimates that counterfeit drugs account for 1% of all drugs sold in the United States. The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates the annual worldwide “take” from counterfeit drugs to be £13 billion (approximately $19.6 billion as of December 2015), a figure that is expected to double by the end of this decade. In some countries, counterfeit prescription drugs comprise as much as 70% of the drug supply and have been responsible for thousands of deaths in some of the world’s most impoverished nations, according to the WHO. The global pharmaceuticals and food anti-counterfeiting market is expected to reach $160 billion by 2020. (Radiant Insights, “Global Pharmaceuticals and Food Anti-Counterfeiting Market Is Expected to Reach USD 160.32 Billion by 2020” (September 28, 2015)) In 2012, the WHO reported that in over 50% of cases, medicines purchased over the Internet from illegal sites that conceal their physical address have been found to be counterfeit (WHO: Medicines: Spurious/falsely-labelled/falsified/counterfeit (SFFC) medicines Fact Sheet June 2012). According to the WHO, counterfeiting can apply to both branded and generic products and counterfeit pharmaceuticals may include products with the correct ingredients but fake packaging, with the wrong ingredients, without active ingredients or with insufficient active ingredients. Based on this growing threat, many countries have started to address vulnerabilities in the supply chain by enacting legislation which, among other things, requires a comprehensive system, most often referred to as serialization or in the United States as Drug Supply Chain Security. Nearly 40 percent of the drugs Americans take are made outside of the United States, and about 80 percent of manufacturing sites of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) used in drugs manufactured in the United States are located outside our borders—in more than 150 countries, many with less sophisticated manufacturing and regulatory systems than our own. In addition to the sheer volume of imports and foreign facilities, there has been an increase in the variety of sources, shippers, methods of transportation, and supply chain complexity of products. Combined, these factors create great challenges to the FDA and industry in ensuring that all drugs and drug components are high quality and travel safely throughout their complex supply chains. These factors also provide opportunities for criminals to adulterate drugs for economic or other malevolent reasons making it more important than ever that supply chains be secured around the world. (U.S. Food and Drug Administration, “Counterfeit Drugs: Fighting Illegal Supply Chains” (February 27, 2014)) Our Market Response On March 31, 2018, we entered into a License and Cooperation agreement and a related Supply Agreement with Colorcon, Inc. (“Colorcon”) for the use of our molecular tags in Colorcon’s product offerings and access to our associated authentication technologies. Under the terms of the Agreements, we granted Colorcon exclusive worldwide right to use our molecular tags and associated authentication technologies in film coatings for solid oral dosage form (“SOD”) applications, for which Colorcon is the largest global supplier, and non-exclusive rights to use our technologies in inks and colorants for SOD applications. Pursuant to the Agreements, we will supply taggant and authentication materials to Colorcon in exchange for long-term royalties on the sale of Colorcon products incorporating our molecular tags and on the sale of authentication services related thereto. Further, the first of two milestone payments was payable to us at the signing of the Agreements. We will receive the second milestone payment upon initial approval by a regulatory authority for application in a SOD pharmaceutical or nutraceutical product application. The Agreements generally expire on the later of October 1, 2032 or the last expiration date of any patent licensed pursuant to the Agreements. 13 In April 2018, we filed our Drug Master File with the U.S. FDA to allow confidential information about the Chemistry, Manufacturing and Controls processes of our product to be made available to the FDA for inspection should an end-user company choose to have FDA review of the addition of the Signature molecular tag to their product. In May 2018, the FDA acknowledged receipt of our filing. We have completed the formulation of our SigNature tags with Colorcon, following the October 2011, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (the “FDA”) Final Guidance document on the use of so called “Physical-Chemical Identifiers” (PCIDs). The FDA Guidance stipulates that a PCID should be pharmacologically inactive and present no risk of adverse reaction. The PCID cannot affect the efficacy of the drug. In addition, 11 categories of information about the PCID must be satisfactorily addressed. We believe SigNature DNA may be able to fulfill these requirements. In addition, DNA identifier molecular taggants can be embedded at parts per billion onto film coatings that cover many of the world’s leading brands of tablets. By integrating the Applied DNA molecular tags within already utilized film coatings of tablets, we are offering a seamless solution for pharmaceutical company customers. During January 2018, we entered into a Memorandum of Understanding with ACG to develop SigNature® molecularly tagged empty hard-shell capsules to enhance product traceability and authentication. ACG is one of the world’s largest pharmaceutical and nutraceutical capsule manufacturers, with the empty capsules market estimated to exceed $2 billion by 2023. For information on our Memordandum of Understanding with ACG please see “Distribution of our Products and Commercial Agreements”. Our unique DNA identifier mark-embedded in the ink of a unique serialized barcode used on packaging can provide a layered security foundation for a customer solution in this market. Strengthening the bar codes to be utilized in the serialization process can be a potent approach to protecting the patient and bringing greater confidence to the brand of the pharmaceutical company. Cannabis The legal cannabis industry is one of the fastest growing industries in the world. With a global CAGR of over 20%, a 2017 market size of over $17 billion, it is projected to be a $63 billion industry by 2024. Therefore, the legal cannabis industry represents an exciting opportunity for leveraging Applied DNA Sciences core capabilities in supply chain management. By using our molecular tagging and tracking technologies, we believe we are very well positioned to address provenance concerns within the global cannabis supply chain and its stakeholders. In the United States, proof of provenance as to the origin of cannabis is an essential element of value in state-legal programs. Under the shadow and oversight of the federal government, since cannabis remains a Schedule-1 drug, any state program must be cognizant of the tenants under which they operate their cannabis program. By federal law, it remains illegal to transport cannabis across state lines and hence any state program has need to be able to discriminate if challenged between cannabis and products produced and sold within the state and all others that may not be legal within the state. Many international countries are already embarking on plans for their own cultivation and/or importation of cannabis and/or cannabis by-products and are not saddled with the unique United States situation. Our Market Response During January 2018, we entered into an initial two-year $1 million contract for the development of molecular tracking systems for legal cannabis worldwide with TheraCann International Benchmark Corporation, (“TheraCann”), a leading full service cannabis consultancy with operations in the US, Canada, Australia, Europe and South America, for the integration of the Company’s SigNature® molecular tagging and testing technology into TheraCann’s seed-to-sale Enterprise Resource Platform (ERP) for legal cannabis operations. Under the terms of the contract, the companies have entered into a development and marketing agreement whereby we will develop the technologies necessary to tag and authenticate legal cannabis throughout the supply chain and seamlessly integrate tagging and authentication data into TheraCann’s ERP and blockchain. Together with our expertise in the physical molecular tagging of various materials in numerous vertical markets, we jointly are well positioned to address the provenance concerns of the cannabis industry on a global basis. We have initially positioned our joint provenance solution under the banner of, “Etch Biotrace” which includes an end to end seed-to-sale solution, a blockchain offering, and the power of our CertainT molecular tagging and tracking capabilities. It is the combination of both capabilities that allows us to be strongly positioned to serve the cannabis needs on a global basis. With both powerful tagging solutions, we are well poised to move to the next step which is a trial(s) with advanced thinking growers or processors as well as state programs that are either about to launch or already have launched a cannabis program and are looking for ways to provide more control over their cannabis supply chain. Agrochemicals The agrochemical industry is faced with an increased prevalence of illegal trade, counterfeiting and brand piracy. From the adulteration and counterfeiting of leading herbicides, pesticides and fertilizers with inferior materials, to the substitution of genetically modified seeds with low yield alternatives, crops are at risk more than ever. These issues threaten company reputations, supply systems, export markets and government tax revenues. 14 In Europe, Africa and other areas of the world, use of counterfeit and illegally traded pesticides is increasing. Untested and unregulated products may threaten the health of farmers and consumers and pose risks to the natural environment. Counterfeit pesticides threaten the integrity of those industries that depend on the benefits of pesticide use. Fighting counterfeit pesticides is a complex task. We believe that enforcement of regulations governing pesticide use is inadequate and has led in recent years to an increase in use of illegal, counterfeit pesticides. According to research by International Growth Center (2015), the vast majority of fertilizer samples from the Uganda study were substandard. Additionally, very few of the allegedly improved seeds showed success in producing large crops. In short, the agricultural inputs sold at retail level in Uganda are often ‘fake’ or of very poor quality. In the case of fertilizer, according to estimations by the Vietnam Fertilizer Association (2016), the country’s economy loses US$2 billion every year as a result of fake products. According to local market surveillance bodies, fake fertilizer manufacturers use many different techniques to cheat customers, including the use of formulas that differ from what is printed on the package and imitating established market brands. Without appropriate restoration of the organic and mineral content of depleted soils, farmers often clear new land, contributing to the global deforestation problem. By improving the quality of arable land, farmers can turn less to deforestation, which represents as much as 30% of global greenhouse emissions. Africa, with a huge agricultural potential, uses less than 15 kgs of fertilizer per hectare, only a tenth of the global average. As a result, 75 percent of African soils are degraded, costing the continent $4 billion per year. FAO (Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations) forecasts the global fertilizer demand to be 199 million metric tons in 2019. Our Market Response On August 8, 2017, we announced the introduction of our molecular tag to the fertilizer industry in co-operation with Rosier S.A. (“Rosier”), a mineral fertilizer manufacturer based in Moustier, Belgium. Rosier sells high quality mineral fertilizers globally, and in Europe, through its exclusive distributor, Borealis L.A.T. Together with Rosier we launched a pilot to DNA-tag fertilizer pellets in order to detect the dilution of genuine fertilizer with sub-standard material within a given batch, and to be able to trace the batch to its original manufacturing location. Since the initiation of this study, we, in partnership with Rosier, have effectively marked fertilizer pellets and have successfully authenticated and detected the dilution of fertilizer with unmarked material in a variety of laboratory and in-field tests over a nine-month period. A marked shipment of fertilizer has travelled through the supply chain in West Africa and pellets have been analyzed in the field utilizing our in-field DNA detection technology (SigNify® IF) to provide definitive real-time authentication of the SigNature DNA molecular tags, ensuring that the fertilizer had not been adulterated with unmarked material. The pellets tested were proven to be genuine and demonstration of the technology gained further support for the use of molecular taggants to combat counterfeiting and to aid the many countries that are affected by adulterated fertilizer. During fiscal 2018 we had our first commercial shipment of concentrate to tag fertilizer. During October 2018, we signed a statement of work with a life sciences company to conduct a feasibility evaluation for the tagging and authentication of seeds. In prior years, we have performed feasibility studies for the authenticity and detection of crop protection materials supporting this market. The learnings from these proofs of concept and the fertilizer solution create a foundation upon which a future market may be built as adjacent to our natural textiles businesses. Future Markets: Nucleic Acid-Based Therapeutics Nucleic acid-based drugs and biologics have emerged as a new class of treatments for unmet medical needs. Under LRx, we are currently pursuing three types of nucleic acid- based therapeutic applications for PCR-produced DNA: (i) adoptive cell therapy; (ii) DNA vaccines; and (iii) RNA-based therapeutics. To date, the most prominent use of adoptive cell therapy is for CAR T-cell immuno-oncology therapies, wherein autologous or allogeneic cells are collected and genetically modified to kill cancer cells. Two CAR T-cell therapies have recently been approved by the FDA for treatment of B-cell malignancies. These approved therapies have demonstrated high efficacy in published studies. The CAR T-cell market is undergoing rapid growth, with over $20 billion in recent M&A activity (January 2018, Juno Therapeutics acquired by Celgene for $9 billion; August 2017, Kite Pharma acquired by Gilead Sciences for $11.9 billion). Current CAR T-cell therapies are manufactured via bacterial plasmid and viral vector based methods. These manufacturing methods are extremely expensive, time-consuming and may have public health concerns. We believe that production of CAR T-cell therapies via a PCR-based platform, without plasmid or viral vectors, may lead to reduced manufacturing times, reduced costs and mitigation of public health concern. DNA vaccines may we believe hold numerous advantages over conventional vaccination methods. DNA vaccines are able to trigger a wide range of immune responses, leading to broad applications. DNA vaccines we believe are cheaper and easier to manufacture when compared to convention vaccines. Current DNA vaccines are manufactured via bacterial plasmids. Production via our PCR-based platform may reduce DNA vaccine costs and manufacturing timeframes. 15 There are two types of RNA therapeutics. mRNA-based therapeutics, which result in protein production, and antisense/interfering RNA-based therapeutics, which interfere with or inhibit gene expression. This dual functionality allows RNA-based therapeutics to target a wide range of indications. RNA-based therapeutics are typically manufactured from a DNA template obtained from a bacterial plasmid. We believe creating RNA-based therapeutics from a DNA template obtained from our PCR-based platform may reduce RNA-based therapeutic costs and manufacturing timeframes. Our Market Response During September 2018, we formed a new, wholly owned subsidiary LineaRx, Inc. (LRx) to develop and commercialize our extensive experience in the design, manufacture and chemical modification of DNA via large scale PCR-based production systems in the fields of nucleic acid-based therapeutics, including drugs and biologics. We believe our PCR- produced linear DNA products and services are made cleaner and faster than historical manufacturing methods. We are also engaged in preclinical and animal drug candidate development, directly and with collaborators focusing on therapeutically relevant DNA constructs manufactured via our PCR-based production platform. We seek to develop, acquire and commercialize, previously alone and now along with partners, a diverse portfolio of nucleic acid-based therapeutics based on PCR-produced linear DNA to improve existing nucleic acid-based therapeutics or to create new nucleic acid-based therapeutics that address unmet medical needs. Also, in September 2018, LRx signed a Joint Development Agreement with Takis S.R.L. and Evvivax S.R.L. (Takis/Evvivax) to develop PCR-produced DNA expression vectors for two of Takis/Evvivax’s DNA-based anti-cancer vaccine candidates. Under the Joint Development Agreement, PCR-produced-linear DNA amplicons carrying the DNA sequences for Takis/Evvivax vaccine candidates will be delivered to preclinical and animal models via Takis/Evvivax’s proprietary electroporation technology. Antigen-specific immune responses aimed at achieving therapeutic effects will be studied. See “Collaboration and Licensing Agreements.” On October 16, 2018 we announced that LRx entered into an exclusive licensing and research services agreement with iCell Gene Therapeutics, Inc. (“iCell”) under which LRx licensed iCell’s anti-CD19 CAR T-cell immuno-oncology therapy canddiate for B-cell malignancies. LRx will develop the in-licensed anti-CD19 CAR T-cell immuno-oncology therapy under a PCR-based, plasmid and viral free manufacturing platform. See “Collaboration and Licensing Agreements.” Sales and Marketing We have nine employees engaged in sales and marketing, of which six are directly involved with sales. Research and Development Our research and development efforts are primarily focused on incorporating DNA molecular tags into carriers (such as ink or textiles and more recently the incorporation of DNA into the body of materials such as thermoplastics) and then authenticating DNA obtained from those marked products both in our laboratories and in the field, with the development of portable infield DNA readers. As part of this effort, we typically conduct feasibility and pilot testing to ensure that DNA tagging methods are compatible with the customer’s manufacturing and logistic processes, and that they can be implemented in a cost-effective manner. In some cases, the DNA incorporation methods may undergo wash- out and/or adherence tests to ensure that DNA can be authenticated on a product even if it is subjected to aggressive processing techniques. We are also actively involved in developing new DNA formulations and new methods to incorporate those new DNA formulations into products, to provide for better adhesion of DNA onto surfaces and when appropriate, better blending of the DNA into the body of a product material. In short, we have considerable experience working with a wide range of carriers and substrates, and authenticating them even years after they have been applied onto the surface or inside of product materials. We believe that our continued development of new and enhanced technologies relating to our core business is essential to our future success. We incurred approximately $2.8 million and $2.3 million on research and development activities for the fiscal years ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively. Under LRx, our research and development efforts are focused on the development of linear DNA expression vectors for use in nucleic acid-based medicines including drugs and biologics and associated methods of linear vector manufacture. Methods for viral free transfection, high-level cellular expression and episomal persistence of linear DNA expression vectors are under development. In addition, we are developing PCR producible linear DNA expression vectors for our anti-CD19 CAR T-cell immuno-oncology therapy candidate licensed from iCell, as well as several cancer vaccine candidates in collaboration with Takis/Evvivax. Raw Materials and Suppliers Our sources of raw materials include sources of DNA that are readily available in nature, which we are able to replicate to use in our product offerings. Manufacturing We have the capability to manufacture SigNature DNA molecular tags and all of our products at our laboratories in Stony Brook. We also have in-house capabilities to complete all authentications. We are also engaged in the large-scale production of specific DNA sequences using PCR. 16 Distribution of our Products and Commercial Agreements Our products are distributed in the following ways: · · · directly to the customer; through channel partners; and through licensed distributors. We have entered into the following agreements and arrangements for the distribution of our products, among others: DLA. On November 13, 2014, we were awarded a contract by DLA to provide DLA with SigNature DNA molecular tags and related equipment, services and training. Beginning on December 15, 2014, DLA’s Electronic Test Laboratory in Columbus, Ohio began DNA marking all FSC 5962 microcircuits. This created a centralized, streamlined DNA marking process within DLA. This contract was extended through October 13, 2018. An additional follow-on two-year contract (plus one exercise year) to ensure there is no lapse in support of the current DNA program at DLA’s PTC was signed on September 6, 2018. Office of the Secretary of Defense. On June 6, 2017, we were awarded a two-year, approximately $1.5 million competitive-bid development contract. The award, funded by the Office of the Secretary of Defense on behalf of the DLA, runs from June 1, 2017 to May 31 2019, and was granted via a Rapid Innovation Fund (RIF) that provides DLA with innovative technologies that can be rapidly inserted into acquisition programs to meet specific defense needs. Management oversight for this RIF contract has been from DLA HQ located in Fort Belvoir, Virginia. This firm-fixed price contract follows our prior RIF contract, which expired during August 2016, that enabled us to develop counterfeit mitigation technologies based upon our proprietary DNA platforms, that protect plastics, silicone elastomers, oils, bearings, fasteners and many other high-risk commodities that are procured by DLA on behalf of DoD. This contract will extend our authentication platform to facilitate broader use in protecting high-risk or mission-critical material purchased by DLA. Himatsingka America. In June 2017, we announced that we had entered into a new licensing agreement with Himatsingka America, Inc., which is part of the Himatsingka Group (“Himatsingka America”), a leading supplier of home textiles. This agreement terminates an earlier licensing agreement dated March 25, 2015 between Divatex Home Fashion, Inc. (a predecessor to Himatsingka America) and the Company. Under the terms of the Agreement, Himatsingka America will be solely responsible for promoting, marketing and selling on a worldwide basis the Company’s technology with respect to finished and unfinished cotton products. The Agreement grants Himatsingka America an exclusive license to use our technology in respect of cotton, subject to certain carve-outs including governmental users, non-commercial trade associations and others. The Agreement has a term that continues until June 23, 2042, except in the case of patents, in which case the term continues with respect to a patent until such patent is no longer in effect. The Agreement also provides that Himatsingka America will make payments for the use of our taggant technology on a net 60 basis. In addition, Himatsingka America will make royalty payments on a quarterly basis in arrears in the event that our technology is used on non-home products. Himatsingka America is responsible for the inspection and compliance within the supply chain. Himatsingka America is generally required to use our technology during the term of the Agreement, subject, among other things, to their customers’ requirements. We will be required by the agreement to establish an independent testing laboratory in Ahmedabad, India. Finished product made from this tagged fiber will be offered for sale under the PimaCott®, HomeGrown® LoneStar™ and HomeGrown Acala™ content-branded labels. GHCL Limited. On June 28, 2017, we signed a multi-year license agreement with GHCL Limited (“GHCL”), a global manufacturer of home textiles, to provide CertainT platform services in connection with source-verified, polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and recycled PET (rPET post-consumer) in select home textile products. PET is the clear plastic best known for its use in water bottles, and is the most widely recycled plastic in the world. GHCL will use our CertainT platform in connection with PET and/or recycled PET blended bed sheets, pillowcases, and shams products sold in-store or online in the United States. GHCL has also licensed our CertainT trademark for use on its products, as well as for promotional, marketing and sales materials. The agreement provides for guaranteed minimum annual revenues in order to maintain exclusivity during the renewal period, as well as trademark licensing royalties to us. GHCL will use our CertainT platform for verifying PET and recycled PET authenticity from source to retail shelf. With this platform, we believe that GHCL is assured that any of its textile products using PET and recycled PET will contain the original source raw materials. We will provide our patented and proprietary tagging, testing and tracking services to GHCL as a CertainT licensee. As part of the platform, our molecular tag is extruded into recycled components that create recycled PET fiber, with no impact to performance or quality of the fiber or filament yarns. Thereafter, any piece of CertainT-tagged textiles can be forensically authenticated by detecting the molecular tag in the recycled PET fiber, ensuring its authenticity and origin. Loftex Home. On July 11, 2017 we signed a new multi-year exclusive license agreement with Loftex Home, LLC (“Loftex”), a manufacturer of high-quality towels and home textiles. Under a prior agreement entered into during March 2017, we agreed to provide our CertainT™ platform services to Loftex to verify the authenticity and origin of rPET (post- consumer) used in bath and beach towels. This new multi-year agreement between the two companies is now exclusive for bath and beach towels in the United States, non- exclusive for plush throws and bath rugs, and provides for long term guaranteed minimum annual revenues, in order to maintain exclusivity, as well as trademark licensing royalties to us. American & Efird (A&E). During April 2018, we entered into a statement of work with American & Efird (A&E), one of the world’s leading manufacturers and distributors of industrial and consumer sewing thread, embroidery thread, and technical textiles, to evaluate our Beacon® technology for use in CertainT® enchanced secure sewing threads for brand protection. A prior statement of work dated July 25, 2017 between Applied DNA and A&E demonstrated Applied DNA’s SigNature®T DNA-based authentication. This collaboration with A&E represents execution on the Company’s growth strategy to expand its base of business in its core markets and broaden the application of it molecular tagging technology platform in adjacent markets. BLC Leather Technology Center Limited (BLC). During May 2018, we completed a one-year research project with BLC under a sponsored research agreement we entered into in March 2017 for the development of a DNA based supply chain track and trace system. The results of the research project helped validate that our technology can be used in the harsh leather-production environment to provide forensic traceability for leather from farm to shop. In November 2018, we entered a follow-on collaboration agreement with BLC to facilitate the commercialization of such technology. Under the terms of the collaboration agreement, we and BLC agree to jointly develop business and marketing plans, with BLC receiving a share of the revenue we receive relating to the DNA-based tracking system. The agreement expires in November 2023. 17 Videojet. During September 2017, we entered into a strategic partnership with Videojet Technologies Inc. (“Videojet”). We have collaborated with Videojet in the design of co- branded SigNature® molecular-tagged Videojet inks, and a co-branded printer that electronically restricts the use of ink cartridges to only those that contain SigNature molecular tagged inks. The relationship brings the potential to empower the tagging of countless commercial items, all of which are candidates for a CertainT licensing agreement, enabling traceability along the entire supply chain. On October 5, 2018, this agreement was renewed for an additional one-year term. TheraCann International. During January 2018, we entered into an initial two-year $1 million contract for the development of molecular tracking systems for legal cannabis worldwide with TheraCann International Benchmark Corporation, (“TheraCann”), a leading full service cannabis consultancy with operations in the US, Canada, Australia, Europe and South America, for the integration of the Company’s SigNature® molecular tagging and testing technology into TheraCann’s seed-to-sale Enterprise Resource Platform (ERP) for legal cannabis operations. Under the terms of the contract, the companies have entered into a development and marketing agreement whereby we will develop the technologies necessary to tag and authenticate legal cannabis throughout the supply chain and seamlessly integrate tagging and authentication data into TheraCann’s ERP and Blockchain platform. Colorcon, Inc. On March 31, 2018, we entered into definitive licensing and cooperation agreement as well as a related supply agreement with Colorcon, Inc. (“Colorcon”) for molecular tagging in the pharmaceutical and nutraceutical markets. Colorcon plans to use our SigNature molecular tags in Colorcon’s product offerings and access to our associated authentication technologies. These Agreements follow the memorandum of understanding (MOU) announced on December 18, 2017. Under the terms of the Agreements, Applied DNA grants Colorcon exclusive worldwide right to use the Company’s molecular tags and associated authentication technologies in film coatings for solid oral dosage form (“SOD”) applications, for which Colorcon is the largest global supplier, and non-exclusive rights to use our technologies in inks and colorants for SOD applications. Pursuant to the Agreements, we will supply taggant and authentication materials to Colorcon in exchange for long-term royalties on the sale of Colorcon products incorporating the Company’s molecular tags and on the sale of authentication services related thereto. Further, the first of two milestone payments was payable to us with the signing of the Agreements. We will receive the second milestone payment upon initial approval by a regulatory authority for application in a SOD pharmaceutical or nutraceutical product application. The Agreements generally expire on the later of October 1, 2032 or the last expiration date of any patent licensed pursuant to the Agreements. ACG Associated Capsules Private Limited (ACG). During January 2018, we entered into a Memorandum of Understanding with ACG to develop SigNature® molecularly tagged empty hard-shell capsules to enhance product traceability and authentication. ACG is one of the world’s largest pharmaceutical and nutraceutical capsule manufacturers, with the empty capsules market estimated to exceed $2 billion by 2023. Discussions between us and ACG toward a definitive agreement incorporating are underway, although no assurance can be given that a definitive agreement will be entered into. 18 Collaboration and Licensing Agreements Takis S.R.L. and Evvivax S.R.L. During September 2018 we signed a joint development agreement with Takis S.R.I. and Evvivax S.R.L. (“Takis/Evvivax”), biotechnology companies focused on the discovery and development of DNA based anti-cancer vaccines for the human and animal targets, respectively. Under the terms of the agreement, we will jointly develop linear DNA expression vectors for two of Takis/Evvivax’s anti-cancer vaccines candidates utilizing our linear DNA technology. Linear DNA amplicons carrying the DNA sequences for Takis/Evvivax’s vaccine candidates will be delivered to preclinical animal models via Takis/Evvivax’s proprietary electroporation technology. Antigen-specific immune responses aimed at achieving therapeutic effects will be studied. iCell Gene Therapeutics, Inc. During October 2018, we entered into an exclusive North American licensing agreement and research services agreement with iCell Gene Therapeutics, Inc. (“iCell”) under which iCell licensed to us an anti-CD19 CAR T therapy candidate for non-viral delivery. We intend to utilize our non-viral, plasmid free platform, along with the in-licensed anti-CD19 CAR T therapy to develop, manufacture and commercialize LinCART19, a non-viral, plasmid free anti-CD19 CAR T therapeutic candidate. Under the terms of the agreements, iCell will receive a percentage of net sales derived from products incorporating the licensed CD 19 Antigen Receptor within North America, as well as development milestone payments and a fundraising milestone. The development milestone payments are triggered up on the completion of defined phases of clinical research for a product candidate incorporating the CD 19 Antigen Receptor. The fundraising milestone payment is triggered by an initial funding event of LRx. Everledger, Inc. During December 2018, we entered into a Joint Development Agreement with Everledger, Inc. (Everledger), an independent emerging technology enterprise. We intend to develop and market a combined physical and digital supply chain traceability and certification solution utilizing the our CertainT molecular tagging and authentication systems together with Everledger’s blockchain-based platform. Customer Concentration Our revenues earned from sale of products and services for the fiscal year ended September 30, 2018 includes 24%, 16%, 14% and 11%, respectively from four customers. These four customers accounted for approximately 96% of our total accounts receivable at September 30, 2018. At September 30, 2018, one customer accounted for 82% of our accounts receivable. Our revenues earned from sale of products and services for the fiscal year ended September 30, 2017 included 29%, 26%, 13% and 10%, respectively from four customers. These four customers accounted for approximately 97% of our total accounts receivable at September 30, 2017. At September 30, 2017, one customer accounted for an aggregate of 80% of our total accounts receivable. Generally, our customers do not have an obligation to make purchases from us and may stop ordering our products and services or may terminate existing orders or contracts at any time with little or no financial penalty. The loss of any of our significant customers, any substantial decline in sales to these customers, or any significant change in the timing or volume of purchases by our customers, could result in lower revenues and could harm our business, financial condition or results of operations. Competition The principal markets for our offerings are intensely competitive. We compete with many existing suppliers and new competitors continue to enter the market. Many of our competitors, both in the United States and elsewhere, are major pharmaceutical, chemical and biotechnology companies, or have strategic alliances with such companies, and many of them have substantially greater capital resources, marketing experience, research and development staff, and facilities than we do. Any of these companies could succeed in developing products that are more effective than the products that we have or may develop and may be more successful than us in producing and marketing their existing products. Some of our competitors that operate in the anti-counterfeiting and fraud prevention markets include: 3DTL Inc., Alp Vision Sa, Authentix Inc., Brandwatch Technologies, Chromologic LLC, Collectors Universe Inc., Collotype Labels International, Data Dot Technology, De La Rue Plc., Digimarc Corp., DNA Technologies, Inc., DuPont Authentication Systems, FractureCode Corporation, Haelixa, ICA Bremen GmbH, ID Global Solutions Corporation, IEH Corporation Informium AG, Eastman Kodak Company, L-1 Identity Solutions Inc., opSec Security Group plc., MicroTagTemed Ltd., Nanotech Security Corp., Nokomis, Inc., Oritain Global Limited, ProoftagSAS, SafeTraces Inc., Selectamark Security Systems plc, Spectra Systems Corp., SmartWater Technology, Inc., Sun Chemical Corp, TraceTag International, TruTag Technologies Inc., YottaMark Inc., and Safe Traces, Inc. Some of our competitors that operate in the biotechnology markets include: Intrexon Corp,. Aldervron, LLC, Cobra Biologics, Limited, Integrated DNA Technologies, Inc., Ziopharm Oncology, Inc., MaxCyte Inc. and Touchlight Genetics Ltd. Some examples of competing security products include: · · · · integrated circuit chip and magnetic strips (integrated circuit chips that receive and, if authentic, send a correct electric signal back to the reader, and magnetic strips that contain information, both of which are common components of debit and credit cards); optically variable microstructures (these include holograms, which display images in three dimensions and are generally difficult to reproduce using advanced color photocopiers and printing techniques, along with other devices with similar features); elemental taggants and fluorescence (elemental taggants are various unique substances that can be used to mark products and other items, and are revealed by techniques such as x-ray fluorescence); and radioactivity and rare molecules (radioactive substances or rare molecules which are uncommon and readily detected). We expect competition with our products and services to continue and intensify in the future. We believe competition in our principal markets is primarily driven by: · · product performance, features and liability; price; 19 · · · · · · · timing of product introductions; ability to develop, maintain and protect proprietary products and technologies; sales and distribution capabilities; technical support and service; brand loyalty; applications support; and breadth of product line. If a competitor develops superior technology or cost-effective alternatives to our products, our business, financial condition and results of operations could be significantly harmed. Proprietary Rights We believe that our approximately 75 patents, 53 patent applications, 48 trademark registrations, and 5 trademark applications, and our trade secrets, copyrights and other intellectual property rights are important assets for us. Our patents will expire at various times between 2021 and 2033. The duration of our trademark registrations varies from country to country. However, trademarks are generally valid and may be renewed indefinitely as long as they are in use and/or their registrations are properly maintained. On May 31, 2017, 3SI granted a non-exclusive license to us to exploit, including the rights to have manufactured and have assembled and offer for sale, sell, market, advertise and distribute nucleic acid tags suitable for use in any product or system covered by one or more valid claims in any unexpired patents worldwide. On September 11, 2015, as part of the Vandalia Asset Acquisition, Marshall University Research Corporation consented to the assignment and transfer of Vandalia’s exclusive worldwide right and license under patents to manufacture, use, produce, sell and have sold, market and develop the Triathlon DNA production system or derivatives therefrom to us. On October 12, 2018, iCell Gene Therapeutics, Inc. granted us an exclusive North America license to make, have made, use, offer to sell, sell and important its anti-CD19 CAR T-cell immuno-oncology therapeutic candidate in the field of non-virally mediated transfection of non-plasmid derived DNA. See “Collaboration and Licensing Agreements.” However, there are events that are outside of our control that pose a threat to our intellectual property rights as well as to our products and services. For example, effective intellectual property protection may not be available in every country in which our products and services are distributed. The efforts we have taken to protect our proprietary rights may not be sufficient or effective. Any significant impairment of our intellectual property rights could harm our business or our ability to compete. Protecting our intellectual property rights is costly and time consuming. Any increase in the unauthorized use of our intellectual property could make it more expensive to do business and harm our operating results. Although we seek to obtain patent protection for our innovations, it is possible we may not be able to protect some of these innovations. Given the costs of obtaining patent protection, we may choose not to protect certain innovations that later turn out to be important. There is always the possibility that the scope of the protection gained from one of our issued patents will be insufficient or deemed invalid or unenforceable. We also seek to maintain certain intellectual property as trade secrets. This secrecy could be compromised by third parties, or intentionally or accidentally by our employees, which would cause us to lose the competitive advantage resulting from these trade secrets. Litigation regarding patents and other intellectual property rights is extensive in the biotechnology industry. In the event of an intellectual property dispute, we may be forced to litigate. This litigation could involve proceedings instituted by the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office or the International Trade Commission, as well as proceedings brought directly by affected third parties. Intellectual property litigation can be extremely expensive, and these expenses, as well as the consequences should we not prevail, could seriously harm our business. If a third party claims an intellectual property right to technology we use, we might need to discontinue an important product or product line, alter our products and processes, pay license fees or cease our affected business activities. Although we might under these circumstances attempt to obtain a license to this intellectual property, we may not be able to do so on favorable terms, or at all. 20 Government Approvals of Commercial Products We do not require any governmental approvals of our currently commercialized products or services. Government Approvals of Drug and Biologic Products Some of our products may be incorporated into drug and biologic products which are subject to extensive regulation by FDA and other regulatory agencies in the United States and by comparable authorities in foreign countries. Biologics include a wide range of products such as vaccines, gene therapy, and recombinant therapeutic proteins. Biologics can be composed of sugars, proteins or nucleic acids or complex combinations of these substances. They may also be living entities such as cells or tissue. Our products that are incorporated into drugs and biologics will be subject to regulation as described in the next section. Some of our products may be drugs or biologics that are subjected to regulation as described in the following section. In either case, we are unlikely to receive material revenues until the related drug or biologic receives regulatory approval. The FDA and other authorities regulate among other things, the research, development, testing, manufacture, storage, recordkeeping, approval, labeling, promotion and marketing, distribution, post- approval monitoring and reporting, sampling and import and export of drug and biologic products. Failure to comply with applicable U.S. requirements may subject a company to a variety of administrative or judicial sanctions, such as FDA refusal to file a marketing application, to issue Complete Response letter or to not approve pending New Drug Applications (“NDAs”) or biologic product license applications (“BLAs”), or to issue warning letters, product recalls, product seizures, total or partial suspension of production or distribution, injunctions, fines, civil penalties, litigation, government investigation and criminal prosecution. Drug and biologic products that must undergo preclinical and clinical evaluation relating to product safety and efficacy before they are approved as commercial therapeutics products. The regulatory authorities having jurisdiction in the countries in which our collaborators and customers intend to market their products may delay or put on hold clinical trials, delay approval of a product or determine that the product is not approvable. The FDA and comparable government authorities having jurisdiction in the countries in which our customers intend to market their products have the authority to withdraw product approval or suspend manufacture if there are significant problems with raw materials or supplies, quality control and assurance, safety, efficacy or the product is deemed adulterated or misbranded. Government Regulation of Pharmaceutical and Biologic Products In the United States, the FDA regulates drugs and biologics under the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act, or FDCA, and its implementing regulations. The process of obtaining regulatory approvals and the subsequent compliance with applicable federal, state, local and foreign statutes and regulations requires the expenditure of substantial time and financial resources. Failure to comply with the applicable U.S. requirements at any time during the product development process, approval process or after approval, may subject an applicant to a variety of administrative or judicial sanctions, such as the FDA’s refusal to approve pending NDAs or BLAs, withdrawal of an approval, imposition of a clinical hold, issuance of warning letters, product recalls, product seizures, total or partial suspension of production or distribution, injunctions, fines, refusals of government contracts, restitution, disgorgement or civil or criminal penalties. The process required by the FDA before a drug or biologic may be marketed in the United States generally involves the following: • • • • • • • • • • completion of preclinical laboratory tests, animal studies and formulation studies in compliance with the FDA’s Good Laboratory Practice (“GLP”) regulations; submission to the FDA of an Investigational New Drug Application (“IND”), which must become effective before human clinical trials may begin; approval by an independent Institutional Review Board (“IRB”) at each clinical site before each trial may be initiated; performance of adequate and well-controlled human clinical trials in accordance with Current Good Clinical Practices (“cGCPs”), requirements to establish the safety and efficacy of the proposed drug or biologic product for each indication; submission to the FDA of an NDA or BLA; satisfactory completion of an FDA advisory committee review, if applicable; satisfactory completion of an FDA inspection of the manufacturing facility or facilities at which the drug or biologic product is produced to assess compliance with current good manufacturing practice (“GMP”) requirements and to assure that the facilities, methods and controls are adequate to preserve the drug’s identity, strength, quality and purity; satisfactory completion of FDA audits of clinical trial sites to assure compliance with cGCPs and the integrity of the clinical data; payment of user fees and securing FDA approval of the NDA or BLA; and compliance with any post-approval requirements, including the potential requirement to implement a Risk Evaluation and Mitigation Strategy (“REMS”), and the potential requirement to conduct post-approval studies. Preclinical Studies Preclinical studies include laboratory evaluation of product chemistry, toxicity and formulation, as well as animal studies to assess potential safety and efficacy. An IND sponsor must submit the results of the preclinical tests, together with manufacturing information, analytical data and any available clinical data or literature, among other things, to the FDA as part of an IND. Some preclinical testing may continue even after the IND is submitted. An IND automatically becomes effective 30 days after receipt by the FDA, unless before that time the FDA raises concerns or questions related to one or more proposed clinical trials and places the clinical trial on a clinical hold. In such a case, the IND sponsor and the FDA must resolve any outstanding concerns before the clinical trial can begin. As a result, submission of an IND may not result in the FDA allowing clinical trials to initiate. 21 Clinical Trials Clinical trials involve the administration of the investigational new drug or biologic product to human subjects under the supervision of qualified investigators in accordance with cGCP requirements, which include the requirement that all research subjects provide their informed consent in writing for their participation in any clinical trial. Clinical trials are conducted under protocols detailing, among other things, the objectives of the trial, the parameters to be used in monitoring safety, and the effectiveness criteria to be evaluated. A protocol for each clinical trial and any subsequent protocol amendments must be submitted to the FDA. In addition, an IRB at each institution participating in the clinical trial must review and approve the plan for any clinical trial before it initiates at that institution. Information about certain clinical trials must be submitted within specific timeframes to the National Institutes of Health, or NIH, for public dissemination on their www.clinicaltrials.gov website. Human clinical trials are typically conducted in three sequential phases, which may overlap or be combined: • • • Phase 1: The drug or biologic is initially introduced into healthy human subjects or patients with the target disease or condition and tested for safety, dosage tolerance, absorption, metabolism, distribution, excretion and, if possible, to gain an early indication of its effectiveness. Phase 2: The drug or biologic is administered to a limited patient population to identify possible adverse effects and safety risks, to preliminarily evaluate the efficacy of the product for specific targeted diseases and to determine dosage tolerance and optimal dosage. Phase 3: The drug or biologic is administered to an expanded patient population, generally at geographically dispersed clinical trial sites, in well-controlled clinical trials to generate enough data to statistically evaluate the efficacy and safety of the product for approval, to establish the overall risk-benefit profile of the product, and to provide adequate information for the labeling of the product. Progress reports detailing the results of the clinical trials must be submitted at least annually to the FDA and more frequently if serious adverse events occur. Phase 1, Phase 2 and Phase 3 trials may not be completed successfully within any specified period, or at all. Furthermore, the FDA or the sponsor may suspend or terminate a clinical trial at any time on various grounds, including a finding that the research subjects are being exposed to an unacceptable health risk. Similarly, an IRB can suspend or terminate approval of a clinical trial at its institution if the clinical trial is not being conducted in accordance with the IRB’s requirements or if the drug or biologic has been associated with unexpected serious harm to patients. Marketing Approval Assuming successful completion of the required clinical testing, the results of the preclinical and clinical studies, together with detailed information relating to the product’s chemistry, manufacture, controls and proposed labeling, among other things, are submitted to the FDA as part of an NDA or BLA requesting approval to market the product for one or more indications. In most cases, the submission of an NDA or BLA is subject to a substantial application user fee. Under the Prescription Drug User Fee Act, or PDUFA, guidelines that are currently in effect, the FDA has a goal of ten months from the date of “filing” of a standard NDA or BLA, for a new molecular entity to review and act on the submission. This review typically takes twelve months from the date the NDA or BLA is submitted to FDA because the FDA has approximately two months to make a “filing” decision. The FDA also may require submission of a REMS plan to ensure that the benefits of the drug or biologic outweigh its risks. The REMS plan could include medication guides, physician communication plans, assessment plans, and/or elements to assure safe use, such as restricted distribution methods, patient registries, or other risk minimization tools. The FDA conducts a preliminary review of all NDAs or BLA within the first 60 days after submission, before accepting them for filing, to determine whether they are sufficiently complete to permit substantive review. The FDA may request additional information rather than accept an NDA or BLA for filing. In this event, the application must be resubmitted with the additional information. The resubmitted application is also subject to review before the FDA accepts it for filing. Once the submission is accepted for filing, the FDA begins an in-depth substantive review. The FDA reviews an NDA or BLA to determine, among other things, whether the drug or biologic is safe and effective and whether the facility in which it is manufactured, processed, packaged or held meets standards designed to assure the product’s continued safety, quality and purity. The FDA may refer an application for a novel drug or biologic to an advisory committee. An advisory committee is a panel of independent experts, including clinicians and other scientific experts, which reviews, evaluates and provides a recommendation as to whether the application should be approved and under what conditions. The FDA is not bound by the recommendations of an advisory committee, but it considers such recommendations carefully when making decisions. 22 Before approving an NDA or BLA, the FDA typically will inspect the facility or facilities where the product is manufactured. The FDA will not approve an application unless it determines that the manufacturing processes and facilities are in compliance with cGMP requirements and adequate to assure consistent production of the product within required specifications. Additionally, before approving an NDA or BLA, the FDA may inspect one or more clinical trial sites to assure compliance with cGCP requirements. After evaluating the NDA or BLA and all related information, including the advisory committee recommendation, if any, and inspection reports regarding the manufacturing facilities and clinical trial sites, the FDA may issue an approval letter, or, in some cases, a complete response letter. A complete response letter generally contains a statement of specific conditions that must be met in order to secure final approval of the NDA or BLA and may require additional clinical or preclinical testing in order for FDA to reconsider the application. Even with submission of this additional information, the FDA ultimately may decide that the application does not satisfy the regulatory criteria for approval. If and when those conditions have been met to the FDA’s satisfaction, the FDA will typically issue an approval letter. An approval letter authorizes commercial marketing of the drug with specific prescribing information for specific indications. Even if the FDA approves a product, it may limit the approved indications for use of the product, require that contraindications, warnings or precautions be included in the product labeling, require that post-approval studies, including Phase 4 clinical trials, be conducted to further assess a drug or biologic’s safety after approval, require testing and surveillance programs to monitor the product after commercialization, or impose other conditions, including distribution and use restrictions or other risk management mechanisms under a REMS, which can materially affect the potential market and profitability of the product. The FDA may prevent or limit further marketing of a product based on the results of post-marketing studies or surveillance programs. After approval, some types of changes to the approved product, such as adding new indications, manufacturing changes, and additional labeling claims, are subject to further testing requirements and FDA review and approval. Post-Approval Requirements Drugs or biologics manufactured or distributed pursuant to FDA approvals are subject to pervasive and continuing regulation by the FDA, including, among other things, requirements relating to recordkeeping, periodic reporting, product sampling and distribution, advertising and promotion and reporting of adverse experiences with the product. After approval, most changes to the approved product, such as adding new indications or other labeling claims are subject to prior FDA review and approval. There are continuing, annual user fee requirements for any marketed products and the establishments where such products are manufactured, as well as new application fees for supplemental applications with clinical data. The FDA may impose a number of post-approval requirements as a condition of approval of an NDA or BLA. For example, the FDA may require post-marketing testing, including Phase 4 clinical trials, and surveillance to further assess and monitor the product’s safety and effectiveness after commercialization. In addition, drug and biologic manufacturers and other entities involved in the manufacture and distribution of approved drugs or biologics are required to register their establishments with the FDA and state agencies and are subject to periodic unannounced inspections by the FDA and these state agencies for compliance with cGMP requirements. Changes to the manufacturing process are strictly regulated and often require prior FDA approval before being implemented. FDA regulations also require investigation and correction of any deviations from cGMP requirements and impose reporting and documentation requirements upon the sponsor and any third-party manufacturers that the sponsor may decide to use. Accordingly, manufacturers must continue to expend time, money, and effort in the area of production and quality control to maintain cGMP compliance. Once an approval of a drug or biologic is granted, the FDA may withdraw the approval if compliance with regulatory requirements and standards is not maintained or if problems occur after the product reaches the market. Later discovery of previously unknown problems with a product, including adverse events of unanticipated severity or frequency, or with manufacturing processes, or failure to comply with regulatory requirements, may result in mandatory revisions to the approved labeling to add new safety information; imposition of post-market studies or clinical trials to assess new safety risks; or imposition of distribution or other restrictions under a REMS program. Other potential consequences include, among other things: • • • • • restrictions on the marketing or manufacturing of the product, complete withdrawal of the product from the market or product recalls; fines, warning letters or holds on post-approval clinical trials; refusal of the FDA to approve pending NDAs or BLAs or supplements to approved NDAs or BLAs, or suspension or revocation of product approvals; product seizure or detention, or refusal to permit the import or export of products; and injunctions or the imposition of civil or criminal penalties. The FDA strictly regulates marketing, labeling, advertising and promotion of products that are placed on the market. Drugs or biologics may be promoted only for the approved indications and in accordance with the provisions of the approved label. The FDA and other agencies actively enforce the laws and regulations prohibiting the promotion of off- label uses, and a company that is found to have improperly promoted off-label uses may be subject to significant liability. In many foreign countries, drugs and biologics are subject to regulatory requirements in addition to and sometimes different than the U.S. requirements described herein. 23 U.S. Healthcare Fraud and Abuse Laws and Compliance Requirements We are subject to various federal and state laws targeting fraud and abuse in the healthcare industry. These laws may impact, among other things, our proposed sales and marketing programs for drugs and biologics. In addition, we may be subject to patient privacy regulation by both the federal government and the states in which we conduct our business. The laws that may affect such operations include: • • • • the federal Anti-Kickback Statute, which prohibits, among other things, persons from soliciting, receiving, offering or paying remuneration, directly or indirectly, in cash or in kind, to induce or reward, or in return for, either the referral of an individual for, or the purchase, order or recommendation of, an item or service reimbursable under a federal healthcare program, such as the Medicare and Medicaid programs. The term “remuneration” has been broadly interpreted to include anything of value; federal false claims and civil monetary penalties laws, including the federal civil False Claims Act, which prohibits anyone from, among other things, knowingly presenting, or causing to be presented, for payment to federal programs (including Medicare and Medicaid) claims for items or services that are false or fraudulent; provisions of the federal Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (“HIPAA”), which created federal criminal statutes that prohibit, among other things, knowingly and willfully executing a scheme to defraud any healthcare benefit program or making false statements in connection with the delivery of or payment for healthcare benefits, items or services. In addition, HIPAA, as amended by the Health Information Technology for Economic and Clinical Health Act (“HITECH”) and its implementing regulations, impose certain requirements relating to the privacy, security and transmission of individually identifiable health information; and the federal Physician Payments Sunshine Act requirements, under the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (“ACA”), which require manufacturers of certain drugs and biologics to track and report to Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services, or CMS, payments and other transfers of value they make to U.S. physicians and teaching hospitals as well as physician ownership and investment interests in the manufacturer. Other U.S. Regulatory Matters Manufacturing, sales, promotion and other activities following product approval for drugs and biologics are also subject to regulation by numerous regulatory authorities in the United States in addition to the FDA, including the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services, other divisions of the Department of Health and Human Services, the Department of Justice, the Drug Enforcement Administration, the Consumer Product Safety Commission, the Federal Trade Commission, the Occupational Safety & Health Administration, the Environmental Protection Agency and state and local governments. Sales, marketing and scientific and educational programs also must comply with state and federal fraud and abuse laws. Pricing and rebate programs must comply with the Medicaid rebate requirements of the U.S. Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1990 and more recent requirements in the ACA. If products are made available to authorized users of the Federal Supply Schedule of the General Services Administration, additional laws and requirements apply. Products must meet applicable child-resistant packaging requirements under the U.S. Poison Prevention Packaging Act. Manufacturing, sales, promotion and other activities also are potentially subject to federal and state consumer protection and unfair competition laws. The distribution of pharmaceutical and biologic products is subject to additional requirements and regulations, including extensive record-keeping, licensing, storage and security requirements intended to prevent the unauthorized sale of pharmaceutical products. The failure to comply with any of these laws or regulatory requirements subjects firms to possible legal or regulatory action. Depending on the circumstances, failure to meet applicable regulatory requirements can result in criminal prosecution, fines or other penalties, injunctions, requests for recall, seizure of products, total or partial suspension of production, denial or withdrawal of product approvals or refusal to allow a firm to enter into supply contracts, including government contracts. Any action against us for violation of these laws, even if we successfully defend against it, could cause us to incur significant legal expenses and divert our management’s attention from the operation of our business. Prohibitions or restrictions on sales or withdrawal of future products marketed by us could materially affect our business in an adverse way. Changes in regulations, statutes or the interpretation of existing regulations could impact our business in the future by requiring, for example: (i) changes to our manufacturing arrangements; (ii) additions or modifications to product labeling; (iii) the recall or discontinuation of our products; or (iv) additional record-keeping requirements. If any such changes were to be imposed, they could adversely affect the operation of our business. 24 Coverage and Reimbursement Sales of our drug and biologic products will depend, in part, on the extent to which such products will be covered by third party payors, such as government health programs, commercial insurance and managed healthcare organizations. In the United States no uniform policy of coverage and reimbursement for drug products or biologics exists. Accordingly, decisions regarding the extent of coverage and amount of reimbursement to be provided for any of our products will be made on a payor-by-payor basis. As a result, the coverage determination process is often a time-consuming and costly process that will require us to provide scientific and clinical support for the use of our products to each payor separately, with no assurance that coverage and adequate reimbursement will be obtained. The United States government, state legislatures and foreign governments have shown significant interest in implementing cost containment programs to limit the growth of government-paid health care costs, including price-controls, restrictions on reimbursement and requirements for substitution of generic products for branded prescription drugs or biologics. For example, the ACA contains provisions that may reduce the profitability of drug products or biologics through increased rebates for drugs or biologics reimbursed by Medicaid programs, extension of Medicaid rebates to Medicaid managed care plans, mandatory discounts for certain Medicare Part D beneficiaries and annual fees based on pharmaceutical companies’ share of sales to federal health care programs. Adoption of general controls and measures, coupled with the tightening of restrictive policies in jurisdictions with existing controls and measures, could limit payments for pharmaceutical drugs or biologics. The Medicaid Drug Rebate Program requires pharmaceutical manufacturers to enter into and have in effect a national rebate agreement with the Secretary of the Department of Health and Human Services as a condition for states to receive federal matching funds for the manufacturer’s outpatient drugs or biologics furnished to Medicaid patients. The ACA made several changes to the Medicaid Drug Rebate Program, including increasing pharmaceutical manufacturers’ rebate liability by raising the minimum basic Medicaid rebate on most branded prescription drugs from 15.1% of average manufacturer price, or AMP, to 23.1% of AMP and adding a new rebate calculation for “line extensions” (i.e., new formulations, such as extended release formulations) of solid oral dosage forms of branded products, as well as potentially impacting their rebate liability by modifying the statutory definition of AMP. The ACA also expanded the universe of Medicaid utilization subject to drug rebates by requiring pharmaceutical manufacturers to pay rebates on Medicaid managed care utilization and by enlarging the population potentially eligible for Medicaid drug benefits. CMS has proposed to expand Medicaid rebate liability to the territories of the United States as well. The Medicare Prescription Drug, Improvement, and Modernization Act of 2003, or the MMA, established the Medicare Part D program to provide a voluntary prescription drug benefit to Medicare beneficiaries. Under Part D, Medicare beneficiaries may enroll in prescription drug plans offered by private entities that provide coverage of outpatient prescription drugs. Unlike Medicare Part A and B, Part D coverage is not standardized. While all Medicare drug plans must give at least a standard level of coverage set by Medicare, Part D prescription drug plan sponsors are not required to pay for all covered Part D drugs, and each drug plan can develop its own drug formulary that identifies which drugs it will cover and at what tier or level. However, Part D prescription drug formularies must include drugs within each therapeutic category and class of covered Part D drugs, though not necessarily all the drugs in each category or class. Any formulary used by a Part D prescription drug plan must be developed and reviewed by a pharmacy and therapeutic committee. Government payment for some of the costs of prescription drugs may increase demand for products for which we receive marketing approval. However, any negotiated prices for our products covered by a Part D prescription drug plan likely will be lower than the prices we might otherwise obtain. Moreover, while the MMA applies only to drug benefits for Medicare beneficiaries, private payors often follow Medicare coverage policy and payment limitations in setting their own payment rates. Any reduction in payment that results from the MMA may result in a similar reduction in payments from non-governmental payors. For a drug product to receive federal reimbursement under the Medicaid or Medicare Part B programs or to be sold directly to U.S. government agencies, the manufacturer must extend discounts to entities eligible to participate in the 340B drug pricing program. The required 340B discount on a given product is calculated based on the AMP and Medicaid rebate amounts reported by the manufacturer. As of 2010, the ACA expanded the types of entities eligible to receive discounted 340B pricing, although, under the current state of the law, with the exception of children’s hospitals, these newly eligible entities will not be eligible to receive discounted 340B pricing on orphan drugs. In addition, as 340B drug prices are determined based on AMP and Medicaid rebate data, the revisions to the Medicaid rebate formula and AMP definition described above could cause the required 340B discount to increase. As noted above, the marketability of any drug or biologic products for which we receive regulatory approval for commercial sale may suffer if the government and third-party payors fail to provide adequate coverage and reimbursement. An emphasis on cost containment measures in the United States has increased, and we expect will continue to increase, the pressure on pharmaceutical pricing. Coverage policies and third-party reimbursement rates may change at any time. Even if favorable coverage and reimbursement status is attained for one or more products for which we receive regulatory approval, less favorable coverage policies and reimbursement rates may be implemented in the future. In addition, in most foreign countries, the proposed pricing for a drug or biologic must be approved before it may be lawfully marketed. The requirements governing drug and biologic pricing and reimbursement vary widely from country to country. For example, the European Union provides options for its member states to restrict the range of medicinal products for which their national health insurance systems provide reimbursement and to control the prices of medicinal products for human use. A member state may approve a specific price for the medicinal product or it may instead adopt a system of direct or indirect controls on the profitability of the company placing the medicinal product on the market. There can be no assurance that any country that has price controls or reimbursement limitations for pharmaceutical products will allow favorable reimbursement and pricing arrangements for any of our products. Historically, products launched in the European Union do not follow price structures of the United States and generally prices tend to be significantly lower. 25 Impact of Other Government Regulation We and our products are subject to regulation by various U.S. federal regulatory agencies such as the Federal Trade Commission and are subject to regulation by the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (“OSHA”) concerning employee safety and health matters. Such regulations principally relate to the ingredients, labeling, packaging, advertising and marketing of our products. There are no significant capital expenditures for government regulation matters either planned in the current year or expected in the near future. Compliance with Environmental Law We believe that we are in compliance with all applicable environmental law. Employees As of September 30, 2018 we had a total of 59 employees, consisting of 3 in management, 12 in research and development, 1 in life sciences, 5 in forensics, 6 in quality assurance and compliance, 4 in finance and accounting, 1 in legal, 9 in operations, 9 in sales and marketing, 1 in human resources, 2 in shared services, 5 in information services, and 1 in product development. Expenses related to travel, marketing, salaries, and general overhead will be increased as necessary to support our growth in revenue. Any projected increase in human capital is dependent upon our ability to generate revenues and obtain sources of funding. As we continue to expand, we will incur additional costs for human capital. Since June 2012, we have been working with Insperity Inc. to assist in managing many of our back-end administrative human resources, benefits, and payroll responsibilities. We are an at-will employer and generally do not enter into employment agreements requiring our employees to continue in our employment for any period of time, with the exception of our Chief Executive Officer, Dr. James A. Hayward. The initial term of Dr. Hayward’s current employment agreement is July 1, 2016 through June 30, 2017, and this employment agreement automatically renews for one-year periods subject to ninety days’ prior notice of non-renewal by Dr. Hayward or us in accordance with the terms of the employment agreement. As of June 30, 2018, the employment contract renewed for an additional year. Available Information We are subject to the informational requirements of the Exchange Act, which requires us to file our Annual Reports on Form 10-K, Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q, Current Reports on Form 8-K, amendments to such reports and other information with the SEC. This information is available at the SEC’s Public Reference Room at 100 F Street, NE, Washington, D.C. 20549. Information on the operation of the Public Reference Room can be obtained by calling the SEC at 1-800-SEC-0330. Because we file documents electronically with the SEC, you may also obtain this information by visiting the SEC’s website at: www.sec.gov. Our website is located at: www.adnas.com. The information on, or that may be accessed through, our website is not incorporated by reference into and should not be considered a part of this report. ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS. Because of the following factors, as well as other variables affecting our operating results and financial condition, past financial performance may not be a reliable indicator of future performance, and historical trends should not be used to anticipate results or trends in future periods. In addition to the factors discussed elsewhere in this report and our other reports and documents filed with the SEC, the following are important factors that could cause actual results or events to differ materially from those contained in any forward-looking statements made by us or on our behalf. The risks and uncertainties described below are not the only ones we face. Additional risks and uncertainties not presently known to us or that we may currently deem immaterial also may impair our business, financial condition, operating results and/or stock price. If any of the following risks or such other risks actually occurs, our business, financial condition, operating results and/or stock price could be harmed. In the following factors, “volatility in our share price”, “adverse impact on the price (or value) of our shares”, “decline in the price of our common stock” and similar terms also refer to our warrants and shares to be received upon exercise of our warrants. Risks Relating to Our Business: There is substantial doubt relating to our ability to continue as a going concern. We have recurring net losses, which have resulted in an accumulated deficit of $248,366,083 as of September 30, 2018. We have incurred a net loss of $11,692,928 for the fiscal year ended September 30, 2018. At September 30, 2018, we had cash and cash equivalents of $1,659,564. We have concluded that these factors raise substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern for one year from the issuance of the financial statements. In addition, the report from our independent registered public accounting firm for the year ended September 30, 2018 includes an explanatory paragraph stating that our significant losses and needs to raise additional funds to meet our obligations and sustain operations raise substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern. We will continue to seek to raise additional working capital through public equity, private equity or debt financings. If we fail to raise additional working capital, or do so on commercially unfavorable terms, it would materially and adversely affect our business, prospects, financial condition and results of operations, and we may be unable to continue as a going concern. Future reports from our independent registered public accounting firm may also contain statements expressing substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern. If we seek additional financing to fund our business activities in the future and there remains substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern, investors or other financing sources may be unwilling to provide additional funding to us on commercially reasonable terms, if at all. We have not produced significant revenues. This makes it difficult to evaluate our future prospects and increases the risk that we will not be successful. Our operations since inception have produced limited revenues, and may not produce significant revenues in the near term, or at all, which may harm our ability to obtain additional financing and may require us to reduce or discontinue our operations. If we create significant revenues in the future, we expect to derive most of such revenues from the sale of supply chain security and product authentication solutions. You must consider our business and prospects in light of the risks and difficulties we will encounter as a company operating in a rapidly evolving industry. We may not be able to successfully address these risks and difficulties, which could significantly harm our business, operating results, and financial condition. 26 We have a history of net losses which may continue, and which may harm our ability to obtain financing and continue our operations. We incurred net losses of $11.7 million and $12.9 million for the fiscal years ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively. These net losses have principally been the result of the various costs associated with our selling, general and administrative and research and development expenses as we expanded operations, acquired, developed and validated technologies and expanded marketing activities. Our operations are subject to the risks and competition inherent in a company that moved from the development stage to an operating company. We may not generate sufficient revenues from operations to achieve or sustain profitability on a quarterly, annual or any other basis in the future. Our revenues and profits, if any, will depend upon various factors, including whether our existing products and services or any new products and services we develop will achieve market acceptance. If we continue to incur losses, then our accumulated deficit will continue to increase which may significantly impair our ability to obtain additional financing. As a result, our business, results of operations and financial condition would be significantly harmed, and we may be required to reduce or terminate our operations. If we are unable to obtain additional financing our business operations may be harmed or discontinued. Our continuation as a going concern is dependent upon our future revenues and our ability to commercialize more products, obtain additional capital and attain profitable operations. We may require additional funds to complete the continued development and commercialization of our products, product manufacturing, and to fund expected additional losses from operations, until revenues are sufficient to cover our operating expenses. If we are unsuccessful in obtaining any necessary additional financing, we will most likely be forced to reduce or terminate our operations. Our opportunities in pharmaceuticals and biologics will require substantial additional funding. We may not be successful in our efforts to create a pipeline of product candidates or to develop commercially successful products. If we fail to successfully identify, finance and develop product candidates, our commercial opportunities in pharmaceuticals and biologics may be limited. We have no pharmaceutical or biologic products approved for commercial sale and have not generated any revenue from product sales. Identifying, developing, obtaining regulatory approval and commercializing pharmaceutical and biologic product candidates will require substantial additional funding beyond our current available resources and is prone to the risks of failure inherent in drug or biologic development. Developing product candidates is expensive, and we expect to spend substantial amounts as we fund our early-stage research projects, engage in preclinical development of early-stage programs and, in particular, advance program candidates through preclinical development and clinical trials. Even if we receive regulatory approval to market any of our product candidates, we cannot assure you that any such product candidate will be successfully commercialized, widely accepted in the marketplace or more effective than other commercially available alternatives. Investment in pharmaceutical and biologic product development involves significant risk that any product candidate will fail to demonstrate adequate efficacy or an acceptable safety profile, gain regulatory approval, and become commercially viable. We cannot provide any assurance that we will be able to successfully advance any product candidates through the development process or, if approved, successfully commercialize any product candidates. Even if we are able to generate revenue from the sale of any approved pharmaceutical and biologic products, we may not become profitable and may need to obtain additional funding to continue operations. Our failure to become and remain profitable would decrease the value of our company and could impair our ability to raise capital, expand our business, maintain our research and development efforts, diversify our pipeline of product candidates or continue our operations, and cause a decline in the value of our common stock, all or any of which may adversely affect our viability. Our operating results could be adversely affected by a reduction in business with our significant customers. Our revenue earned from the sale of products and services for the fiscal year ended September 30, 2018 included an aggregate of 65% of our total revenues from four customers. These four customers accounted for approximately 96% of our total accounts receivable at September 30, 2018. At September 30, 2018, one customer accounted for an aggregate of 82% of our total accounts receivable. Our revenues earned from sale of products and services for the fiscal year ended September 30, 2017 included an aggregate of 78% from four customers of our total revenues. These four customers accounted for approximately 97% of our total accounts receivable at September 30, 2017. At September 30, 2017, one customer accounted for 80% of our total accounts receivable. Generally, our customers do not have an obligation to make purchases from us and may stop ordering our products and services or may terminate existing orders or contracts at any time with little or no financial penalty. The loss of any of our significant customers, any substantial decline in sales to these customers, or any significant change in the timing or volume of purchases by our customers could result in lower revenues and could harm our business, financial condition or results of operations. If our existing products and services are not accepted by potential customers or if we fail to introduce new products and services, our business, results of operations and financial condition will be harmed. There has been limited market acceptance of our DNA based technology, encapsulation, embedment and authentication products and services to date. Some of the factors that will affect whether we achieve market acceptance of our solutions include: ● availability, quality and price relative to competitive solutions; ● customers’ opinions of the solutions’ utility; ● ease of use; ● consistency with prior practices; ● scientists’ opinions of the solutions’ usefulness; and ● general trends in anti-counterfeit and security solutions’ research. Dependence on channel partners. Our future growth will depend to a material extent on the successful advocacy of our technology by channel partners to their members and customers, and implementation of our technology in solutions propagated by channel partners and provided by third parties. Our business has relied on the success of business partners. Our continuing success is largely dependent on a new generation of business partners involved in our tagging technology. If our channel partners are not successful in advocating and deploying our technology, we may not be able to achieve and sustain profitable operations. If other business partners who include our technology in their products or otherwise license our intellectual property for use in their products cease to do so, or we fail to obtain other partners who will incorporate, embed, integrate or bundle our technology, or these partners are unsuccessful in their efforts, expanding deployment of our technology and increasing revenues will be adversely affected. Consequently, our ability to increase revenue could be adversely affected and we may suffer other adverse effects to our business. In addition, if our technology does not perform according to market expectations, our future sales would suffer as customers seek and employ alternative technologies. 27 Many of our business endeavors can be impeded or frustrated by larger, more influential companies or by standard-setting bodies or institutions downplaying, minimizing or rejecting the value or use of our technology. A negative position by such companies, bodies or institutions, could result in obstacles for us that we would be incapable of overcoming and may block or impede the adoption of our technology. In addition, potential customers may delay or reject initiatives that relate to deployment of our technology. Such a development would make the achievement of our business objectives in this market difficult or impossible. The expenses or losses associated with lack of widespread market acceptance of our solutions may harm our business, operating results and financial condition. Rapid technological changes and frequent new product introductions are typical in the markets we serve. Our future success may depend in part on continuous, timely development and introduction of new products that address evolving market requirements. We believe successful new product introductions may provide a significant competitive advantage because customers invest their time in selecting and learning to use new products, and once invested in the new technology, are often reluctant to switch products. To the extent we fail to introduce new and innovative products, we may lose any market share we then have to our competitors, which will be difficult or impossible to regain. Any inability, for technological or other reasons, to successfully develop and introduce new products could reduce our growth rate or damage our business. We may experience delays in the development and introduction of products. We may not keep pace with the rapid rate of change in anti-counterfeiting and security products’ research, and any new products acquired or developed by us may not meet the requirements of the marketplace or achieve market acceptance. We need to expand our sales, marketing and support organizations and our distribution arrangements to increase market acceptance of our products and services. We currently have a limited number of sales, marketing, customer service and support personnel and may need to increase our staff to generate a greater volume of sales and to support any new customers or the expanding needs of existing customers. The employment market for sales, marketing, customer service and support personnel in our industry is very competitive, and we may not be able to hire the kind and number of sales, marketing, customer service and support personnel we are targeting. Our inability to hire qualified sales, marketing, customer service and support personnel may harm our business, operating results and financial condition. While we have entered into a limited number of agreements with distributors, we may not be able to sufficiently build out a distribution network or enter into arrangements with qualified distributors on acceptable terms or at all. If we are not able to develop greater distribution capacity, we may not be able to generate sufficient revenue to support our operations. We may have conflicts of interest with our affiliates and related parties, and in the past we have engaged in transactions and entered into agreements with affiliates that were not negotiated at arms’ length. We have engaged, and may in the future engage, in transactions with affiliates and other related parties. These transactions may not have been, and may not be, on terms as favorable to us as they could have been if obtained from non-affiliated persons. While an effort has been made and will continue to be made to enter into transactions with affiliated persons and other related parties at rates and on terms as favorable as would be charged by others, there will always be an inherent conflict of interest between our interests and those of our affiliates and related parties. In August and November 2018, we issued an aggregate of $2.2 million in principal amount of secured convertible notes, a majority of which are owned by our chairman, president and chief executive officer. These convertible notes may be converted into common stock, which, if converted by Dr. Hayward, would increase the amount of control he has over the Company. The Company may be adversely impacted if any related party agreement or transaction is made on unfavorable terms. If we are unable to continue to retain the services of Dr. Hayward, we may not be able to continue our operations. Our success depends to a significant extent upon the continued service of Dr. James A. Hayward, our Chairman, Chief Executive Officer and President. On July 28, 2016, we entered into an employment agreement with Dr. Hayward. The initial term was from July 1, 2016 through June 30, 2017, with automatic one-year renewal periods. As of June 30, 2018, the employment contract renewed for an additional year. Loss of the services of Dr. Hayward could significantly harm our business, results of operations and financial condition. We do not maintain key-person insurance on the life of Dr. Hayward. We may have conflicts of interest with our affiliates and related parties, and in the past we have engaged in transactions and entered into agreements with affiliates that were not negotiated at arms’ length. We have engaged, and may in the future engage, in transactions with affiliates and other related parties. These transactions may not have been, and may not be, on terms as favorable to us as they could have been if obtained from non-affiliated persons. While an effort has been made, and will continue to be made, to enter into transactions with affiliated persons and other related parties at rates and on terms as favorable as would be charged by others, there will always be an inherent conflict of interest between our interests and those of our affiliates and related parties. In August 2018 and November 2018, we issued an aggregate of $2.2 million in principal amount of secured convertible notes, a majority of which are owned by our chairman, president and chief executive officer. These convertible notes may be converted into common stock, which, if converted by Dr. Hayward, would increase the amount of control he has over the Company. The Company may be adversely impacted if any related party agreement or transaction is made on unfavorable terms. The markets for our supply chain security and product authentication solutions are very competitive, and we may be unable to continue to compete effectively in these industries in the future. The principal markets for our offerings are intensely competitive. We compete with many existing suppliers and new competitors continue to enter the market. Many of our competitors, both in the United States and elsewhere, are major pharmaceutical, chemical and biotechnology companies, or have strategic alliances with such companies, and many of them have substantially greater capital resources, marketing experience, research and development staff, and facilities than we do. Any of these companies could succeed in developing products that are more effective than the products that we have or may develop and may be more successful than us in producing and marketing their existing products. Some of our competitors that operate in the anti-counterfeiting and fraud prevention markets include: 3DTL Inc., Alp Vision Sa, Authentix Inc., Brandwatch Technologies, Chromologic LLC, Collectors Universe Inc., Collotype Labels International, Data Dot Technology, De La Rue Plc., Digimarc Corp., DNA Technologies, Inc., DuPont Authentication Systems, FractureCode Corporation, Haelixa, ICA Bremen GmbH, ID Global Solutions Corporation, IEHCorporationInformium AG, Eastman Kodak Company, L-1 Identity Solutions Inc., opSec Security Group plc., MicroTagTemed Ltd., Nanotech Security Corp., Nokomis, Inc., Oritain Global Limited, ProoftagSAS, SafeTraces Inc., Selectamark Security Systems plc, Spectra Systems Corp., SmartWater Technology, Inc., Sun Chemical Corp, TraceTag International, TruTag Technologies Inc., YottaMark Inc., Safe Traces, Inc. We expect this competition to continue and intensify in the future. Competition in our markets is primarily driven by: ● product performance, features and liability; ● price; ● timing of product introductions; ● ability to develop, maintain and protect proprietary products and technologies; 28 ● sales and distribution capabilities; ● technical support and service; ● brand loyalty; ● applications support; and ● breadth of product line. If a competitor develops superior technology or cost-effective alternatives to our products, our business, financial condition and results of operations could be significantly harmed. Revenues from our customer contracts with respect to cotton will be seasonal and may also be subject to weather conditions and other factors beyond our control, which may cause our operating results to fluctuate significantly quarterly and annually. A significant proportion of our revenues is expected to derive from customer contracts for tagging, authentications and other services related to cotton. The cotton ginning season in the United States takes place between September and March each year. Therefore, revenues from our customer contracts relating to cotton will be seasonal, which may cause our operating results to fluctuate significantly quarterly and annually. Additionally, weather and climatic conditions, natural disasters and other factors beyond our control also affect the production and sale of cotton and other agricultural commodities to which our customer contracts may relate, as well as our customers’ or prospective customers’ decisions regarding purchases of our products and services, and may cause our operating results to fluctuate significantly quarterly and annually. The seasonal fluctuations in operating results described above may cause a decline in the price of our common stock. Fluctuations in quarterly results. Our revenues and profitability are difficult to predict due to the nature of the markets in which we compete, fluctuating user demand, the uncertainty of current and future global economic conditions, and for many other reasons, including that our operating results are highly dependent on the volume and timing of orders received during a quarter, which are difficult to forecast. Customers generally order on an as-needed basis and we typically do not obtain firm, long-term purchase commitments from our customers. Shifting enforcement priorities of U.S. federal laws relating to cannabis. The Company is currently developing supply chain solutions for the cannabis industry. These solutions are intended to verify the authenticity, origin and provenance of cannabis. Cannabis is a Schedule I substance as defined under U.S. federal law, and its possession and use is generally not permitted under U.S. federal law, although a number of individual states have enacted state laws to authorize possession, sale and use of cannabis for medical purposes, and in some states for recreational purposes. Our solutions will be utilized in those U.S. states where cannabis possession, sale and/or use is legal under state law. While our cannabis supply chain solutions are distinct from cannabis itself, our cannabis supply chain business and related revenue may nevertheless be adversely impacted by such laws at the federal and/or state level in the United States, or potentially in foreign jurisdictions. It is possible that such laws may result in our cannabis supply chain business having no revenues or may subject the Company to increased risk of litigation. Pharmaceutical and biologic-related revenue is generally dependent on regulatory approval, oversight and compliance. All of our pharmaceutical and biologic product candidates will require significant preclinical and clinical development before we can seek regulatory approval for them and launch a product commercially. The sale and use of our products and services in the pharmaceutical and biologic markets will generally be subject to regulatory approval and oversight, potentially including approval and/or oversight in various foreign jurisdictions. In addition, our pharmaceutical and biologic products and services may be incorporated into products that cannot be marketed in the United States or in many other jurisdictions without approval by the FDA or comparable agencies of other countries or regions. Obtaining such regulatory approvals is costly, time-consuming, uncertain, and subject to unanticipated delays. When, if ever, such approvals will be obtained is unknown. Our revenue in the pharmaceutical and biologic markets, including revenue from our agreements with Colorcon is highly dependent upon obtaining such approval. Federal agencies, including the FDA and Federal Trade Commission (“FTC”), as well as state, local, and foreign authorities, also exercise ongoing review and control of the manufacturing, packaging, labeling, advertising, sale, distribution, and monitoring of pharmaceutical and biologic products. If our pharmaceutical or biologic product candidates or pharmaceutical or biologic products incorporating our products are ever approved, failure to comply with any of these regulations or other requirements could also have an adverse effect on our revenue in the pharmaceutical and biologic markets. 29 Pharmaceutical and biologic-related revenue will be highly dependent on our collaborators’ and customers’ success in obtaining regulatory approval and commercializing their products. Some of our products in the pharmaceutical and biologic market will be incorporated into products that are subject to comprehensive regulation by the FDA and other regulatory agencies in the United States and by comparable authorities in other countries. In the United States, to obtain approval from the FDA to market any future pharmaceutical or biologic product that incorporates our technology, our collaborators or customers will be required to submit a New Drug Application (“NDA”) or Biologics Licensing Application (“BLA”), ordinarily, the FDA requires a company to support an NDA or BLA, with substantial evidence of the product candidate's safety and efficacy in treating the targeted indication based on data derived from adequate and well-controlled clinical trials, including Phase III safety and efficacy trials conducted in patients with the disease or condition being targeted. The process of obtaining such regulatory approvals is expensive, often takes many years if approval is obtained at all, and can vary substantially based upon the type, complexity and novelty of the product candidate involved. Changes in the regulatory approval process during the development period, changes in or the enactment of additional statutes or regulations, or changes in the regulatory review process may cause delays in the approval or rejection of an application. There is no guarantee that our collaborators and customers will ever be successful in obtaining regulatory approval for any product that incorporates our products or technology. Even if regulatory approval is received, the manufacturing processes, post approval clinical data, labeling, advertising and promotional activities for any such product will be subject to continual requirements of and review by the FDA and other regulatory bodies. Our business may be materially harmed by our collaborators’ and customers’ inability to obtain or maintain regulatory approvals for their products. In addition, we will be dependent on, and have no control over, consumer demand for the products into which our products are incorporated. Consumer demand for our collaborators’ and customers’ products could be adversely affected by, among other things, delays in health regulatory approval, the loss of patent and other intellectual property rights protection, the emergence of competing products, including generic drugs or biosimilars, the degree to which private and government drug plans subsidize payment for a particular product and changes in the marketing strategies for such products. The healthcare industry has changed significantly over time, and we expect the industry to continue to evolve. Some of these changes may have a material adverse effect on our collaborators and customers and thus may have a material adverse effect on our business. If the products into which our products are incorporated do not gain market acceptance, our revenues and profitability may be adversely affected. Pharmaceutical and biologic products are highly complex, and if we or our collaborators and customers are unable to provide quality and timely offerings to our respective customers, our business could suffer. The process of manufacturing pharmaceutical and biologics and their components is complex, highly-regulated and subject to multiple risks. Manufacturing biologics is highly susceptible to product loss due to contamination, equipment failure, improper installation or operation of equipment, vendor or operator error, inconsistency in yields, variability in product characteristics and difficulties in scaling the production process. Even minor deviations from normal manufacturing processes could result in reduced production yields, product defects and other supply disruptions. Our ability to generate revenue in the pharmaceutical and biologic market depends on our ability to manufacture products that meet exacting quality and safety standards. If we are unable to manufacture these products to the required levels, it could have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition, and results of operations and may subject us to regulatory actions, including product recalls, product seizures, injunctions to halt manufacture or distribution, restrictions on our operations, or civil sanctions, including monetary sanctions and criminal actions. In addition, we could be subject to costly litigation, including claims from our collaborators and customers for reimbursement for the cost of our products or other related losses, the cost of which could be significant. Our business also depends on the ability of our collaborators and customers to manufacture the pharmaceutical or biologic products that incorporate our products. If the FDA determines that our collaborators and customers are not in compliance with FDA laws and regulations, including those governing Current Good Manufacturing Practice regulations (“cGMPs”), the FDA may deny NDA or BLA approval until the deficiencies are corrected. Even if our collaborators or customers obtain regulatory approval for any of their product candidates, there is no assurance that they will be able to manufacture the approved product to specifications acceptable to the FDA or other regulatory authorities, to produce it in sufficient quantities to meet the requirements for the potential launch of the product or to meet potential future demand. If our collaborators or customers are unable to produce sufficient quantities for clinical trials or for commercialization, commercialization efforts would be impaired, which would have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and growth prospects. Pharmaceutical and biologic-related revenue will be dependent on our collaborators’ and customers’ demand for our manufacturing services. The amount of customer spending on biologic development and manufacturing will have an impact on our sales and profitability in the pharmaceutical and biologic market. Our collaborators and customers determine the amounts that they will spend based upon, among other things, available resources, access to capital, and their need to develop new products, which, in turn, are dependent upon a number of factors, including their competitors’ research, development and product initiatives and the anticipated market uptake, and clinical and reimbursement scenarios for specific products and therapeutic areas. Consolidation in the pharmaceutical and biologic industry may impact such spending as customers integrate acquired operations, including R&D departments and manufacturing operations. Any reduction in spending on pharmaceutical and biotechnology development and related services as a result of these and other factors could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition. 30 The markets for our drug and biologic candidates and linear DNA are very competitive, and we may be unable to continue to compete effectively in these industries in the future. The principal markets for our drug and biologic candidates and linear DNA are intensely competitive. We compete with many existing suppliers and new competitors continue to enter the market. Many of our competitors, both in the United States and elsewhere, are major pharmaceutical, chemical and biotechnology companies, or have strategic alliances with such companies, and many of them have substantially greater capital resources, marketing experience, research and development staff, and facilities than we do. Any of these companies could succeed in developing products that are more effective than the product candidates that we have or may develop and may be more successful than us in producing and marketing their existing products. Some of our competitors that operate in the drugs, biologics and DNA manufacturing markets include: Intrexon Corp,. Aldervron, LLC, Cobra Biologics, Limited, Integrated DNA Technologies, Inc., Ziopharm Oncology, Inc., MaxCyte Inc., Touchlight Genetics Ltd. Novartis AG, Kite Pharma, Inc. and Juno Therapeutics, Inc. We expect this competition to continue and intensify in the future. Our competitors also compete with us in recruiting and retaining qualified scientific and management personnel, as well as in acquiring technologies complementary to, or necessary for, our programs. Our commercial opportunities could be reduced or eliminated if our competitors develop and commercialize drug and biologic candidates or linear DNA that are safer, more effective, have fewer or less severe side effects, are more convenient, or are less expensive than any drug and biologic candidates and linear DNA that we may develop. Our competitors also may obtain FDA or other regulatory approval for their products more rapidly than we may obtain approval for ours, which could result in our competitors establishing a strong market position before we are able to enter the market. Additionally, drug and biologic candidates and linear DNA developed by our competitors may render our potential drug and biologic candidates and linear DNA uneconomical or obsolete, and we may not be successful in marketing any drug and biologic candidates and linear DNA we may develop against competitors. If any of these risks occur, our business, financial condition and results of operations could be significantly harmed. Our research and development efforts for new products may be unsuccessful. We incur research and development expenses to develop new products and technologies in an effort to maintain our competitive position in a market characterized by rapid rates of technological advancement. Our research and development efforts are subject to unanticipated delays, expenses and technical problems. There can be no assurance that any of these products or technologies will be successfully developed or that, if developed, will be commercially successful. In the event that we are unable to develop commercialized products from our research and development efforts or we are unable or unwilling to allocate amounts beyond our currently anticipated research and development investment, we could lose our entire investment in these new products and technologies. Any failure to translate research and development expenditures into successful new product introduction could have an adverse effect on our business. In addition, research, development, and commercialization of pharmaceutical and biologic products is inherently risky. We cannot give any assurance that any of our pharmaceutical and biologic product candidates will receive regulatory approval, which is necessary before they can be commercialized. Other risks include: • Our preclinical programs may experience delays or may never advance to clinical trials, which would adversely affect our ability to obtain regulatory approvals or commercialize these programs on a timely basis or at all, which would have an adverse effect on our business. • We have no history of commercializing pharmaceutical products, which may make it difficult to evaluate the prospects for our future viability. • If the FDA rejects an IND submitted by us or places us on clinical hold, we will not be able to commence a Phase 1 clinical trial in the U.S., which would likely have a material adverse effect on us. • We have never dosed any of our product candidates in humans. Our clinical trials may reveal significant adverse events, toxicities or other side effects not seen in our preclinical studies and may result in a safety profile that could inhibit regulatory approval or market acceptance of any of our product candidates. • Positive results from early preclinical studies of our product candidates are not necessarily predictive of the results of later preclinical studies and any future clinical trials of our product candidates. If we cannot show positive results or replicate any positive results from our earlier preclinical studies of our product candidates in our later preclinical studies and future clinical trials, we may be unable to successfully develop, obtain regulatory approval for and commercialize our product candidates. • We may not be successful in our efforts to create a pipeline of product candidates or to develop commercially successful products. If we fail to successfully identify and develop additional product candidates, our commercial opportunity may be limited. • If we receive authorization to conduct our clinical trials, we may encounter substantial delays in our clinical trials, or may not be able to conduct or complete our clinical trials on the timelines we expect, if at all. • We may encounter difficulties enrolling patients in our clinical trials, and our clinical development activities could thereby be delayed or otherwise adversely affected. • Our clinical trials may fail to demonstrate substantial evidence of the safety and efficacy of our product candidates, which would prevent, delay or limit the scope of regulatory approval and commercialization. • Clinical development is a lengthy and expensive process with an uncertain outcome, and failure can occur at any stage of clinical development. If we are unable to design, conduct and complete our clinical trials successfully, our product candidates will not be able to receive regulatory approval. • We face significant competition in an environment of rapid technological and scientific change, and there is a possibility that our competitors may achieve regulatory approval before us or develop therapies that are safer, more advanced or more effective than ours, which may negatively impact our ability to successfully market or commercialize any product candidates we may develop and ultimately harm our financial condition. • The manufacture of our product candidates is complex and difficulties may be encountered in production. If such difficulties are encountered or failure to meet regulatory standards occurs, our ability to provide supply of our product candidates for clinical trials or our products for patients, if approved, could be delayed or stopped, or we may be unable to maintain a commercially viable cost structure. • If, in the future, we are unable to establish sales and marketing capabilities or enter into agreements with third parties to sell and market any product candidates we may develop, we may not be successful in commercializing those product candidates if and when they are approved. • Even if any product candidates we develop receive marketing approval, they may fail to achieve the degree of market acceptance by physicians, patients, healthcare payors, and others in the medical community necessary for commercial success. • Even if we are able to commercialize any product candidates, such products may become subject to unfavorable pricing regulations, third party reimbursement practices, or healthcare reform initiatives, which would harm our business. 31 Failure to license new technologies could impair sales of our existing products or any new product development we undertake in the future. To generate broad product lines, it is advantageous to sometimes license technologies from third parties rather than depend exclusively on the development efforts of our own employees. As a result, we believe our ability to license new technologies from third parties may be important to our ability to offer new products. In addition, from time to time we are notified of, or become aware of patents held by third parties that are related to technologies we are selling or may sell in the future. After a review of these patents, we may decide to seek a license for these technologies from these third parties. There can be no assurance that we will be able to successfully identify new technologies developed by others. Even if we are able to identify new technologies of interest, we may not be able to negotiate a license on favorable terms, or at all. Our failure to manage our growth in operations and acquisitions of new product lines and new businesses could harm our business. The recent growth in our operations could place a significant strain on our current management resources. To manage such growth, we may need to improve our: ● operations and financial systems; ● procedures and controls; and ● training and management of our employees. Our future growth, if any, may be attributable to acquisitions of new product lines and new businesses. Future acquisitions, if successfully consummated, would likely create increased working capital requirements, which would likely precede by several months any material contribution of an acquisition to our net income. Our failure to manage growth or future acquisitions successfully could seriously harm our operating results. Also, acquisition costs could cause our operating results to vary significantly from quarter to quarter. Furthermore, our stockholders would be diluted if we financed the acquisitions by incurring convertible debt or issuing securities. A percentage of our sales occur outside of the U.S. As a result, we are subject to the economic, political, regulatory and other risks of international operations. For fiscal 2018 and 2017, 45% and 27%, respectively, of our revenue was from customers located outside of the U.S. We believe that the revenue from the sale of our products and services outside the U.S. will continue to grow in the near future. We intend to expand our international operations to the extent that suitable opportunities become available. Our foreign operations and sales could be adversely affected as a result of: ● nationalization of private enterprises and assets; ● political or economic instability in certain countries and regions; ● differences in foreign laws, including increased difficulties in protecting intellectual property and uncertainty in enforcement of contract rights; ● the possibility that foreign governments may adopt regulations or take other actions that could directly or indirectly harm our business and growth strategy; ● credit risks; ● currency fluctuations; ● tariff and tax increases; ● export and import restrictions and restrictive regulations of foreign governments; ● shipping products during times of crisis or wars; and ● other risks inherent in foreign operations. 32 We are subject to numerous regulatory, legal, operational, and other risks as a result of our international operations which could adversely impact our businesses in many ways. As a U.S. company, we are required to comply with the economic sanctions and embargo programs administered by Office of Foreign Assets Control and similar multi-national bodies and governmental agencies worldwide, and the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act (“FCPA”). A violation of a sanction or embargo program or of the FCPA or similar laws prohibiting certain payments to governmental officials, such as the U.K. Bribery Act, could subject us, and individual employees, to a regulatory enforcement action as well as significant civil and criminal penalties which could adversely impact our business and operations. Failure to attract and retain qualified scientific, production and managerial personnel could harm our business. Recruiting and retaining qualified scientific and production personnel to perform and manage prototype, sample, and product manufacturing and business development personnel to conduct business development are critical to our success. In addition, our desired growth and expansion into areas and activities requiring additional expertise, such as clinical testing, government approvals, production, sales and marketing will require the addition of new management personnel and the development of additional expertise by existing management personnel. Because our industry is very competitive, we face significant challenges in attracting and retaining a qualified personnel base. Although we believe we have been, and will continue to be, able to attract and retain these personnel, we cannot assure you that we will continue to be able to successfully attract qualified personnel in the future. The failure to attract and retain these personnel or, alternatively, to develop this expertise internally would harm our business since our ability to conduct business development and manufacturing would be reduced or eliminated, resulting in lower revenues. We generally do not enter into employment agreements requiring our employees to continue in our employment for any period of time, with the exception of our Chief Executive Officer. See “—If we are unable to continue to retain the services of Dr. Hayward, we may not be able to continue our operations” in this Item 1A. 33 Our intellectual property rights are valuable, and any inability to protect them could reduce the value of our products, services and brand. Our patents, trademarks, trade secrets, copyrights and all of our other intellectual property rights are important assets for us. There are events that are outside of our control that pose a threat to our intellectual property rights as well as to our products and services. For example, effective intellectual property protection may not be available in every country in which our products and services are distributed. The efforts we have taken to protect our proprietary rights may not be sufficient or effective. Any significant impairment of our intellectual property rights could harm our business or our ability to compete. Protecting our intellectual property rights is costly and time consuming. Any increase in the unauthorized use of our intellectual property could make it more expensive to do business and harm our operating results. Although we seek to obtain patent protection for our innovations, it is possible we may not be able to protect some of these innovations. Given the costs of obtaining patent protection, we may choose not to protect certain innovations that later turn out to be important. There is always the possibility that the scope of the protection gained from one of our issued patents will be insufficient or deemed invalid or unenforceable. We also seek to maintain certain intellectual property as trade secrets. The secrecy could be compromised by third parties, or intentionally or accidentally by our employees, which would cause us to lose the competitive advantage resulting from these trade secrets. Intellectual property litigation could harm our business, financial condition and results of operations. Litigation regarding patents and other intellectual property rights is extensive in the drug and biotechnology industry. In the event of an intellectual property dispute, we may be forced to litigate. This litigation could involve proceedings instituted by the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office or the International Trade Commission, as well as proceedings brought directly by affected third parties. Intellectual property litigation can be extremely expensive, and these expenses, as well as the consequences should we not prevail, could seriously harm our business. If a third party claims an intellectual property right to technology we use, we might need to discontinue an important product or product line, alter our products and processes, pay license fees or cease our affected business activities. Although we might under these circumstances attempt to obtain a license to this intellectual property, we may not be able to do so on favorable terms, or at all. Furthermore, a third party may claim that we are using inventions covered by the third party’s patent rights and may go to court to stop us from engaging in our normal operations and activities, including making or selling our products. These lawsuits are costly and could affect our results of operations and divert the attention of managerial and technical personnel. A court may decide that we are infringing the third party’s patents and would order us to stop the activities covered by the patents. In addition, a court may order us to pay the other party damages for having violated the other party’s patents. The drug and biotechnology industry has produced a proliferation of patents, and it is not always clear to industry participants, including us, which patents cover various types of products or methods of use. The coverage of patents is subject to interpretation by the courts, and the interpretation is not always uniform. If we are sued for patent infringement, we would need to demonstrate that our products or methods of use either do not infringe the patent claims of the relevant patent and/or that the patent claims are invalid, and we may not be able to do this. Proving invalidity, in particular, is difficult since it requires a showing of clear and convincing evidence to overcome the presumption of validity enjoyed by issued patents. Because some patent applications in the United States may be maintained in secrecy until the patents are issued, because patent applications in the United States and many foreign jurisdictions are typically not published until eighteen months after filing, and because publications in the scientific literature often lag behind actual discoveries, we cannot be certain that others have not filed patent applications for technology covered by our or our licensor’s issued patents or pending applications or that we or our licensors were the first to invent the technology. During the ordinary course of our business, we do not conduct “prior art” searches before filing a patent application. Our competitors may have filed, and may in the future file, patent applications covering technology similar to ours. Any such patent application may have priority over our or our licensors’ patent applications and could further require us to obtain rights to issued patents covering such technologies. If another party has filed a United States patent application on inventions similar to ours, we may have to participate in an interference proceeding declared by the United States Patent and Trademark Office to determine priority of invention in the United States. The costs of these proceedings could be substantial, and it is possible that such efforts would be unsuccessful, resulting in a loss of our United States patent position with respect to such inventions. Some of our competitors may be able to sustain the costs of complex patent litigation more effectively than we can because they have substantially greater resources. In addition, any uncertainties resulting from the initiation and continuation of any litigation could have a material adverse effect on our ability to raise the funds necessary to continue our operations. Accidents related to hazardous materials could adversely affect our business. Some of our operations require the controlled use of hazardous materials for chemical reactions and synthesis. These materials are common to molecular/biological/chemical laboratories and require no special handling or regulation. Although we believe our safety procedures comply with the standards prescribed by federal, state, local and foreign regulations, the risk of accidental contamination of property or injury to individuals from these materials cannot be completely eliminated. In the event of an accident, we could be liable for any damages that result, which could seriously damage our business and results of operations. 34 Potential product liability claims could affect our earnings and financial condition. We face a potential risk of liability claims based on our products and services. Though we have product liability insurance coverage which we believe is adequate, we may not be able to maintain this insurance at reasonable cost and on reasonable terms. We also cannot assure that this insurance will be adequate to protect us against a product liability claim, should one arise. In the event that a product liability claim is successfully brought against us, it could result in a significant decrease in our liquidity or assets, which could result in the reduction or termination of our business. A successful product liability claim or series of claims brought against us could cause our stock price to decline, and, if judgments exceed our insurance coverage, could adversely affect our results of operations, prospects, and business. Product liability claims may result in impairment of our business reputation and other losses. Litigation generally could affect our financial condition and results of operations. We generally may be subject to claims made by and required to respond to litigation brought by customers, former employees, former officers and directors, former distributors and sales representatives, former consultants and vendors and service providers. We have faced such claims and litigation in the past and we cannot assure you that we will not be subject to claims in the future. In the event that a claim is successfully brought against us, considering our lack of material revenue and the losses our business has incurred for the period from our inception to September 30, 2018, this could result in a significant decrease in our liquidity or assets, which could result in the reduction or termination of our business. Business disruptions could seriously harm our future revenue and financial condition and increase our costs and expenses. Our operations could be subject to earthquakes, power shortages, telecommunications failures, cyber-attacks or other vulnerabilities in our computer systems, terrorism, water shortages, tsunamis, floods, hurricanes, typhoons, fires, extreme weather conditions, medical epidemics, political or economic instability, and other natural or manmade disasters or business interruptions. The occurrence of any of these business disruptions could seriously harm our revenue and financial condition and increase our costs and expenses. General economic conditions may adversely affect our business, operating results and financial condition. A general weakening or decline in the global economy or a period of economic slowdown may have serious negative consequences for our business and operating results. Since our customers incorporate our products into a variety of consumer goods, the demand for our products is subject to worldwide economic conditions and their impact on levels of consumer spending. Some of the factors affecting consumer spending include general economic conditions, unemployment, consumer debt, reductions in net worth, residential real estate and mortgage markets, taxation, energy prices, interest rates, consumer confidence and other macroeconomic factors. During periods of economic weakness or uncertainty, demand for consumer goods incorporating our products may weaken, and current or potential customers may defer purchases of our products. A cybersecurity incident and other technology disruptions could negatively affect our business and our relationships with customers. We use technology in substantially all aspects of our business operations. The widespread use of technology, including mobile devices, cloud computing, and the internet, give rise to cybersecurity risks, including security breach, espionage, system disruption, theft and inadvertent release of information. Our business involves the storage and transmission of numerous classes of sensitive and/or confidential information and intellectual property, including information relating to customers and suppliers, private information about employees, and financial and strategic information about us and our business partners. If we fail to effectively assess and identify cybersecurity risks associated with the use of technology in our business operations, we may become increasingly vulnerable to such risks. Additionally, while we have implemented measures to prevent security breaches and cyber incidents, our preventative measures and incident response efforts may not be entirely effective. The theft, destruction, loss, misappropriation, or release of sensitive and/or confidential information or intellectual property, or interference with our information technology systems or the technology systems of third parties on which we rely, could result in business disruption, negative publicity, brand damage, violation of privacy laws, loss of customers, potential liability and competitive disadvantage. Risks Related to Regulatory Approval of Our Pharmaceutical and Biotherapeutic Product Candidates and Other Legal Compliance Matters The regulatory approval processes of the FDA and comparable foreign regulatory authorities are lengthy, time consuming, and inherently unpredictable. If we are ultimately unable to obtain regulatory approval for our product candidates, we will be unable to generate product revenue and our business will be substantially harmed. The time required to obtain approval by the FDA and comparable foreign regulatory authorities is unpredictable, typically takes many years following the commencement of clinical trials, and depends upon numerous factors, including the type, complexity and novelty of the product candidates involved. In addition, approval policies, regulations, or the type and amount of clinical data necessary to gain approval may change during the course of a product candidate’s clinical development and may vary among jurisdictions, which may cause delays in the approval or the decision not to approve an application. Regulatory authorities have substantial discretion in the approval process and may refuse to accept any application or may decide that our data are insufficient for approval and require additional preclinical, clinical or other studies. We have not submitted for, or obtained regulatory approval for any product candidate, and it is possible that none of our existing product candidates or any product candidates we may seek to develop in the future will ever obtain regulatory approval. Applications for our product candidates could fail to receive regulatory approval for a variety of reasons. This lengthy approval process, as well as the unpredictability of the results of clinical trials, may result in our failing to obtain regulatory approval to market any of our product candidates, which would significantly harm our business, results of operations, and prospects. 35 Our product candidates may cause undesirable side effects or have other properties that could halt their clinical development, prevent their regulatory approval, limit their commercial potential, or result in significant negative consequences. Adverse events or other undesirable side effects caused by our product candidates could cause us or regulatory authorities to interrupt, delay, or halt clinical trials and could result in a more restrictive label or the delay or denial of regulatory approval by regulatory authorities. Side effects related to a drug or biologic could affect patient recruitment, the ability of enrolled patients to complete the study, and/or result in potential product liability claims. Additionally, if one or more of our product candidates receives marketing approval, and we or others later identify undesirable side effects or adverse events caused by such products, a number of potentially significant negative consequences could result. Regulatory authorities may withdraw approvals of such product or impose restrictions on distribution. They may require additional warnings or contraindications on the product label that could diminish the usage or otherwise limit the commercial success of the product. We may be required to change the way the product is administered, conduct additional clinical trials or post-approval studies. We may be forced to suspend marketing of the product; or required to create a REMS. In addition, our reputation may suffer. Any of these events could prevent us from achieving or maintaining market acceptance of the particular product candidate, if approved, and could significantly harm our business, prospects, results of operations, and prospects. Obtaining and maintaining regulatory approval of our product candidates in one jurisdiction does not mean that we will be successful in obtaining regulatory approval of our product candidates in other jurisdictions. Obtaining and maintaining regulatory approval of our product candidates in one jurisdiction does not guarantee that we will be able to obtain or maintain regulatory approval in any other jurisdiction, but a failure or delay in obtaining regulatory approval in one jurisdiction may have a negative effect on the regulatory approval process in others. Approval procedures vary among jurisdictions and can involve requirements and administrative review periods different from those in the United States, including additional preclinical studies or clinical trials as clinical trials conducted in one jurisdiction may not be accepted by regulatory authorities in other jurisdictions. In many jurisdictions outside the United States, a product candidate must be approved for reimbursement before it can be approved for sale in that jurisdiction. In some cases, the price that we intend to charge for our products is also subject to approval. There could be significant delays, difficulties and costs for us and could delay or prevent the introduction of our products in certain countries. Failure to comply with the regulatory requirements in international markets or failure to receive applicable marketing approvals could reduce our target market and harm our ability to realize the full market potential of our product candidates. Even if we obtain regulatory approval for a product candidate, our products will remain subject to extensive regulatory scrutiny. If any of our product candidates are approved, they will be subject to ongoing regulatory requirements for manufacturing, labeling, packaging, storage, advertising, promotion, sampling, record-keeping, conduct of post-marketing studies, and submission of safety, efficacy, and other post-market information, including both federal and state requirements in the United States and requirements of comparable foreign regulatory authorities. Ongoing regulatory requirements include ensuring that quality control and manufacturing and production procedures conform to cGMP regulations, and we will be subject to continual review and inspections to assess compliance with cGMP and adherence to commitments made in any regulatory filings. Accordingly, we and others with whom we work must continue to expend time, money, and effort in all areas of regulatory compliance. 36 Any regulatory approvals that we receive for our product candidates will be subject to limitations on the approved indicated uses for which the product may be marketed and promoted or to the conditions of approval (including the requirement to implement a REMS), or contain requirements for potentially costly post-marketing testing. We will be required to report certain adverse reactions and production problems, if any, to the FDA and comparable foreign regulatory authorities. Any new legislation addressing drug or biologic safety issues could result in delays in product development or commercialization, or increased costs to assure compliance. The FDA and other agencies, including the Department of Justice, closely regulate and monitor the post-approval marketing and promotion of products to ensure that they are manufactured, marketed and distributed only for the approved indications and in accordance with the provisions of the approved labeling. We will have to comply with requirements concerning advertising and promotion for our products. Promotional communications with respect to prescription drugs and biologics are subject to a variety of legal and regulatory restrictions and must be consistent with the information in the product’s approved label. As such, we may not promote our products for indications or uses for which they do not have approval. The holder of an approved NDA must submit new or supplemental applications and obtain approval for certain changes to the approved product, product labeling, or manufacturing process. We could also be asked to conduct post-marketing clinical trials to verify the safety and efficacy of our products in general or in specific patient subsets. If original marketing approval was obtained via the accelerated approval pathway, we could be required to conduct a successful post-marketing clinical trial to confirm clinical benefit for our products. An unsuccessful post-marketing study or failure to complete such a study could result in the withdrawal of marketing approval. If a regulatory agency discovers previously unknown problems with a product, such as adverse events of unanticipated severity or frequency, or problems with the facility where the product is manufactured, or disagrees with the promotion, marketing or labeling of a product, such regulatory agency may impose restrictions on that product or us, including, but not limited to, requiring withdrawal or recall of the product from the market, imposing civil or criminal penalties, and imposing restrictions on our operations. Any government investigation of alleged violations of law could require us to expend significant time and resources in response, and could generate negative publicity. Any failure to comply with ongoing regulatory requirements may significantly and adversely affect our ability to commercialize and generate revenue from our products. If regulatory sanctions are applied or if regulatory approval is withdrawn, the value of our company and our operating results will be adversely affected. In addition, the FDA’s regulations, policies or guidance may change and new or additional statutes or government regulations in the United States and other jurisdictions may be enacted that could further restrict or regulate post-approval activities. We cannot predict the likelihood, nature or extent of adverse government regulation that may arise from pending or future legislation or administrative action. If we are not able to achieve and maintain regulatory compliance, we may not be permitted to market our products and/or product candidates, which would adversely affect our ability to generate revenue and achieve or maintain profitability. Healthcare legislative measures aimed at reducing healthcare costs may have a material adverse effect on our business and results of operations. Third party payors are developing increasingly sophisticated methods of controlling healthcare costs. In both the United States and certain foreign jurisdictions, there have been a number of legislative and regulatory changes to the health care system that could impact our ability to sell our products profitably. In particular, in the United States in 2010, the ACA, was enacted. In addition, other legislative changes have been proposed and adopted in the United States since the ACA was enacted. The repeal of or changes in some or all of the ACA and complying with any new legislation or reversing changes implemented under the ACA could be time-intensive and expensive, resulting in a material adverse effect on our business. Until the ACA is fully implemented or there is more certainty concerning the future of the ACA, it will be difficult to predict its full impact and influence on our business. 37 There have been, and likely will continue to be, legislative and regulatory proposals at the foreign, federal and state levels directed at containing or lowering the cost of healthcare. We cannot predict the initiatives that may be adopted in the future. The continuing efforts of the government, insurance companies, managed care organizations and other payors of healthcare services to contain or reduce costs of healthcare and/or impose price controls may adversely affect the demand for our product candidates, if we obtain regulatory approval, including: our ability to receive or set a price that we believe is fair for our products; our ability to generate revenue and achieve or maintain profitability; the level of taxes that we are required to pay; and the availability of capital. We expect that the ACA, as well as other healthcare reform measures that may be adopted in the future, may result in additional reductions in Medicare and other healthcare funding, more rigorous coverage criteria, lower reimbursement, and new payment methodologies. This could lower the price that we receive for any approved product. Any denial in coverage or reduction in reimbursement from Medicare or other government-funded programs may result in a similar denial or reduction in payments from private payors, which may prevent us from being able to generate sufficient revenue, attain profitability or commercialize our product candidates, if approved. Our employees, independent contractors, consultants, commercial partners and vendors may engage in misconduct or other improper activities, including non-compliance with regulatory standards and requirements. We are exposed to the risk of fraud, misconduct or other illegal activity by our employees, independent contractors, consultants, commercial partners and vendors. Misconduct by these parties could include intentional, reckless and negligent conduct that fails to: comply with the laws of the FDA and other comparable foreign regulatory authorities; provide true, complete and accurate information to the FDA and other comparable foreign regulatory authorities; comply with manufacturing standards we have established; comply with healthcare fraud and abuse laws in the United States and similar foreign fraudulent misconduct laws; or report financial information or data accurately or to disclose unauthorized activities to us. If we obtain FDA approval of any of our product candidates and begin commercializing those products in the United States, our potential exposure under such laws will increase significantly, and our costs associated with compliance with such laws are also likely to increase. In particular, research, sales, marketing, education and other business arrangements in the healthcare industry are subject to extensive laws designed to prevent fraud, kickbacks, self-dealing and other abusive practices. These laws and regulations may restrict or prohibit a wide range of pricing, discounting, educating, marketing and promotion, sales and commission, certain customer incentive programs and other business arrangements generally. Activities subject to these laws also involve the improper use of information obtained in the course of patient recruitment for clinical trials, which could result in regulatory sanctions and cause serious harm to our reputation. We have adopted a code of business conduct and ethics, but it is not always possible to identify and deter misconduct by employees and third parties, and the precautions we take to detect and prevent this activity may not be effective in controlling unknown or unmanaged risks or losses or in protecting us from governmental investigations or other actions or lawsuits stemming from a failure to be in compliance with such laws. If any such actions are instituted against us, and we are not successful in defending ourselves or asserting our rights, those actions could have a significant impact on our business, including the imposition of significant fines or other sanctions. If we fail to comply with healthcare laws, we could face substantial penalties and our business, operations and financial conditions could be adversely affected. Healthcare providers, physicians and payors play a primary role in the recommendation and prescription of any product candidates for which we may obtain marketing approval. Our future arrangements with payors and customers may expose us to broadly applicable fraud and abuse and other healthcare laws and regulations that may constrain the business or financial arrangements and relationships through which we market, sell and distribute any product candidates for which we may obtain marketing approval. Even though we do not and will not control referrals of healthcare services or bill directly to Medicare, Medicaid or other third party payors, federal and state healthcare laws and regulations pertaining to fraud and abuse and patients’ rights are and will be applicable to our business. Restrictions under applicable federal, state and foreign healthcare laws and regulations which may affect our ability to operate and expose us to areas of risk include: federal civil and criminal false claims laws and civil monetary penalty laws, including the False Claims Act; HIPAA; HIPAA, as amended by HITECH; the federal Physician Payments Sunshine Act, created under the ACA, and its implementing regulations; federal consumer protection and unfair competition laws, which broadly regulate marketplace activities and activities that potentially harm consumers; and analogous state and foreign laws and regulations. 38 Because of the breadth of these laws and the narrowness of the statutory exceptions and safe harbors available, it is possible that some of our business activities could, despite our efforts to comply, be subject to challenge under one or more of such laws. Efforts to ensure that our business arrangements will comply with applicable healthcare laws may involve substantial costs. It is possible that governmental and enforcement authorities will conclude that our business practices may not comply with current or future statutes, regulations or case law interpreting applicable fraud and abuse or other healthcare laws and regulations. If any such actions are instituted against us, and we are not successful in defending ourselves or asserting our rights, those actions could have a significant impact on our business, including the imposition of civil, criminal and administrative penalties, damages, disgorgement, monetary fines, possible exclusion from participation in Medicare, Medicaid and other federal healthcare programs, contractual damages, reputational harm, diminished profits and future earnings, and curtailment of our operations, any of which could adversely affect our ability to operate our business and our results of operations. In addition, the approval and commercialization of any of our product candidates outside the United States will also likely subject us to foreign equivalents of the healthcare laws mentioned above, among other foreign laws. If we or any suppliers we engage fail to comply with environmental, health, and safety laws and regulations, we could become subject to fines or penalties or incur costs that could have a material adverse effect on the success of our business. We and any suppliers we currently or may in the future engage are subject to numerous federal, state, and local environmental, health, and safety laws, regulations, and permitting requirements, including those governing laboratory procedures; the generation, handling, use, storage, treatment, and disposal of hazardous and regulated materials and wastes; the emission and discharge of hazardous materials into the ground, air, and water; and employee health and safety. Under certain environmental laws, we could be held responsible for costs relating to any contamination at our current or past facilities and at third party facilities. We also could incur significant costs associated with civil or criminal fines and penalties. Compliance with applicable environmental laws and regulations may be expensive, and current or future environmental laws and regulations may impair our research, product development and manufacturing efforts. In addition, we cannot entirely eliminate the risk of accidental injury or contamination from these materials or wastes. Although we maintain workers’ compensation insurance to cover us for costs and expenses we may incur due to injuries to our employees resulting from the use of hazardous materials, this insurance may not provide adequate coverage against potential liabilities. We do not carry specific biological or hazardous waste insurance coverage, and our property, casualty, and general liability insurance policies specifically exclude coverage for damages and fines arising from biological or hazardous waste exposure or contamination. Accordingly, in the event of contamination or injury, we could be held liable for damages or be penalized with fines in an amount exceeding our resources, and our preclinical trials, future clinical trials or regulatory approvals could be suspended, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, prospects, financial condition, results of operations, and prospects. Risks Relating to Our Common Stock and Other Securities: There are a large number of shares of common stock underlying our outstanding options and warrants and the sale of these shares may depress the market price of our common stock and cause immediate and substantial dilution to our existing stockholders. The holders of our publicly traded warrants may require their repurchase in certain circumstances. As of December 14, 2018, we had 30,112,057 shares of common stock issued and outstanding, outstanding options to purchase 6,177,214 shares of common stock and outstanding warrants to purchase 12,208,527 shares of common stock. The issuance of shares upon exercise of our outstanding options and warrants will cause immediate and substantial dilution to our stockholders. Under our publicly traded warrants (including additional warrants sold privately that have registration rights), in the event of a “Fundamental Transaction” (as defined in the related warrant agreement, which generally includes any merger with another entity, the sale, transfer or other disposition of all or substantially all of our assets to another entity, or the acquisition by a person of more than 50% of our common stock), each warrant holder will have the right at any time prior to the consummation of the Fundamental Transaction to require us to repurchase the warrant for a purchase price in cash equal to the Black Scholes value (as calculated under the warrant agreement) of the then remaining unexercised portion of such warrant on the date of such Fundamental Transaction, which may materially adversely affect our financial condition and/or results of operations and may prevent or deter a third party from acquiring us. We may require additional financing which may in turn require the issuance of additional shares of common stock, preferred stock or other debt or equity securities (including convertible securities) and which would dilute the ownership held by our stockholders. We may need to raise funds through either debt or the sale of our shares of our common stock in order to achieve our business goals. Any additional shares issued would further dilute the percentage ownership held by the stockholders. Furthermore, if we raise funds in equity transactions through the issuance of convertible securities which are convertible at the time of conversion at a discount to the prevailing market price, substantial dilution is likely to occur resulting in a material decline in the price of your shares. Our public offerings completed in November 2014 and April 2015, our registered direct public offering (the “Registered Direct Offering”) and concurrent private placement, during November 2015, our private placements completed in November 2016 and June 2017 our registered direct offering in December 2017, resulted in dilution to investors and future offerings of securities could result in further dilution to investors. Our private placements of convertible notes in August 2018 and November 2018 could result in dilution to investors if the holders convert their notes into shares of our common stock. 39 Conversion of our convertible notes into common stock will result in additional dilution to our stockholders. Upon satisfaction of certain conversion conditions (including conditions outside of our control, such as market price or trading price) and proper conversion of the Notes by a holder, we may be required to deliver shares of our common stock to a converting holder. If additional shares of our common stock are issued due to conversion of some or all of the outstanding Notes, the ownership interests of existing stockholders will be diluted. Further, any sales in the public market of any shares of common stock issued upon conversion or hedging or arbitrage trading activity that develops due to the potential conversion of the Notes could adversely affect prevailing market prices of our common stock. Substantially all of our assets are encumbered. If we should fail to make timely payments on our secured convertible notes, holders of the notes may choose to enforce their remedies and ultimately realize on the collateral securing the notes, which includes substantially all of our intellectual property. On August 31, 2018 we entered into a securities purchase agreement pursuant to which we issued and sold an aggregate of $1.65 million in principal amount of secured convertible notes and on November 29, 2018 we entered into a second securities purchase agreement pursuant to which we issued and sold an aggregate of $550 thousand in principal amount of secured convertible notes (together, the “Notes”) which are due and payable in full on August 30, 2021 and November 28, 2021, respectively. A majority of the Notes are owned by our chairman, president and chief executive officer. Until the principal and accrued but unpaid interest under the Notes is paid in full, or the Notes are converted into shares of common stock, our obligations under the Notes are secured by a lien on substantially all of our assets (excluding certain cash accounts) and the assets of APDN (B.V.I.) Inc., our wholly-owned subsidiary, in favor of CSC Corporation, as collateral agent for the purchasers of the Notes. The secured assets include substantially all of our intellectual property. The existence of such lien may substantially limit our ability to obtain additional secured financing and force us to attempt to incur additional unsecured indebtedness, which may be unavailable to us. If we should fail to make timely payments on the Notes, holders of the Notes may choose to enforce their remedies and ultimately realize on the collateral securing the notes, which may have a material adverse effect on our business, including the inability for us to continue our operations. We may require additional financing in the future, which may not be available or, if available, may be on terms that cause a decline in the value of the shares of our common stock held by stockholders. If we raise capital in the future by issuing additional securities, our stockholders may experience a decline in the value of the shares of our common stock they currently hold or may acquire prior to any such financing. In addition, such securities may have rights senior to the rights of holders of our shares of common stock. If we fail to comply with the continuing listing standards of The Nasdaq Capital Market, our securities could be delisted. Our common stock and publicly traded warrants are listed on The Nasdaq Capital Market under the symbols “APDN” and “APDNW,” respectively. For our common stock and publicly traded warrants to continue to be listed on The Nasdaq Capital Market, we must meet the current continued listing requirements, including the requirements that (1) our stock must maintain a minimum closing bid price of $1.00 (the “Minimum Bid Price Requirement”); and (2) we must maintain net income from continuing operations (in the latest fiscal year or two of the three last fiscal years) of at least $500,000, a market value of listed securities of at least $35 million or stockholders’ equity of at least $2.5 million (the “Minimum Stockholders’ Equity Requirement”). As of September 30, 2018, our stockholders’ equity was below the Minimum Stockholders’ Equity Requirement. We are currently evaluating potential solutions to regain compliance with the Minimum Stockholders’ Equity Requirement. The Minimum Stockholders’ Equity Requirement is not subject to an automatic grace period. There can be no assurance that we will meet the Minimum Stockholders’ Equity Requirement or the Minimum Bid Price Requirement during any compliance period or in the future, or otherwise meet The Nasdaq Capital Market compliance standards, or that The Nasdaq Capital Market will grant the Company any relief from delisting as necessary, or that we will be able to ultimately meet applicable The Nasdaq Capital Market requirements for any such relief. If we were unable to meet The Nasdaq Capital Market’s listing requirements, our common stock and warrants could be delisted from The Nasdaq Capital Market. If our securities were to be delisted from The Nasdaq Capital Market, our securities could begin to trade on the Over-The-Counter Bulletin Board or on one of the markets operated by OTC Markets Group, including OTC Pink (formerly known as the “pink sheets”), as the case may be. In such event, our securities could once again be subject to the “penny stock” rules which among other things require brokers or dealers to approve investors’ accounts, receive written agreements and determine investor suitability for transactions and disclose risks relating to investing in the penny stock market. Any such delisting of our securities could have an adverse effect on the market price of, and the efficiency of the trading market for our securities, not only in terms of the number of shares that can be bought and sold at a given price, but also through delays in the timing of transactions and less coverage of us by securities analysts, if any. Also, if in the future we were to determine that we need to seek additional equity capital, it could have an adverse effect on our ability to raise capital in the public or private equity markets. Any material weaknesses in our internal control over financing reporting in the future could adversely affect investor confidence, impair the value of our common stock and increase our cost of raising capital. Any failure to remedy deficiencies in our internal control over financial reporting that may be discovered or our failure to implement new or improved controls, or difficulties encountered in the implementation of such controls, could harm our operating results, cause us to fail to meet our reporting obligations or result in material misstatements in our financial statements. Any such failure could, in turn, affect the future ability of our management to certify that internal control over our financial reporting is effective. Inferior internal control over financial reporting could also subject us to the scrutiny of the SEC and other regulatory bodies which could cause investors to lose confidence in our reported financial information and could subject us to civil or criminal penalties or stockholder litigation, which could have an adverse effect on our results of operations and the market price of our common stock. In addition, if we or our independent registered public accounting firm identify deficiencies in our internal control over financial reporting, the disclosure of that fact, even if quickly remedied, could reduce the market’s confidence in our financial statements and harm our share price. Furthermore, deficiencies could result in future non-compliance with Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. Such non-compliance could subject us to a variety of administrative sanctions, including review by the SEC or other regulatory authorities. 40 Short sellers of our stock may be manipulative and may drive down the market price of our common stock. Short selling is the practice of selling securities that the seller does not own but rather has borrowed or intends to borrow from a third party with the intention of buying identical securities at a later date to return to the lender. A short seller hopes to profit from a decline in the value of the securities between the sale of the borrowed securities and the purchase of the replacement shares, as the short seller expects to pay less in that purchase than it received in the sale. As it is therefore in the short seller’s interest for the price of the stock to decline, some short sellers publish, or arrange for the publication of, opinions or characterizations regarding the relevant issuer, its business prospects and similar matters calculated to or which may create negative market momentum, which may permit them to obtain profits for themselves as a result of selling the stock short. Issuers whose securities have historically had limited trading volumes and/or have been susceptible to relatively high volatility levels can be particularly vulnerable to such short seller attacks. The publication of any such commentary regarding us in the future may bring about a temporary, or possibly long term, decline in the market price of our common stock. In the past, the publication of commentary regarding us by a disclosed short seller has been associated with the selling of shares of our common stock in the market on a large scale, resulting in a precipitous decline in the market price per share of our common stock. No assurances can be made that similar declines in the market price of our common stock will not occur in the future, in connection with such commentary by short sellers or otherwise. The price of our common stock may be volatile or may decline, and the trading volume of our common stock may fluctuate, which may make it more difficult to realize a profit on your investment in our shares of common stock. Our common stock is listed on The Nasdaq Capital Market. The trading price of our common stock has been and may continue to be volatile. In addition, the trading volume of our common stock may fluctuate and cause significant price variations to occur. Volatility in the market price of our common stock may prevent you from being able to sell your shares of common stock at or above the price you paid for your shares of common stock, which may make it more difficult to realize a profit on your investment. A number of factors may affect the market price of our common stock, including, but not limited to, the following: · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · our operating and financial performance and prospects; our quarterly or annual earnings or those of other companies in our industry or that investors deem comparable to us; conditions that impact demand for our products and services; public reactions to our press releases, other public announcements and filings with the SEC; market and industry perception of our success, or lack thereof, in pursuing our growth strategy; strategic actions by us or our competitors, such as acquisitions or restructurings; changes in accounting standards, policies, guidance, interpretations or principles; arrival and departure of key personnel, including management personnel; changes in our capital structure; changes in the price of our warrants or other securities we may issue from time to time; sales of common stock by us, our directors, officers or large stockholders; the expiration of any applicable contractual lock-up agreements; changes in general market, economic and political conditions in the United States and global economies or financial markets, including those resulting from natural disasters, terrorist attacks, acts of war and responses to such events; announcements of new products or innovations by us or our competitors and announcements concerning our competitors or our industry in general; difficulties in commercialization and distribution of our products or lower than expected sales volume or revenues; changes in our relationships with manufacturers, suppliers or collaborators, or our inability to supply enough product to meet demand; our ability to obtain additional funding; changes or developments in applicable laws or regulations; any intellectual property infringement actions or other litigation or legal proceeding in which we may become involved; 41 · · · changes in financial estimates or recommendations by securities analysts, or their ceasing to publish research or reports about our business; the trading volume of our common stock; and the appeal and current level of investor interest in the biotechnology/biopharmaceutical capital market sector and in companies in general with business, research strategies and product development pipelines which are similar to us. In addition, The Nasdaq Capital Market and other securities markets have, from time to time, experienced extreme price and trading volume fluctuations. The market prices of securities of biotechnology and other life sciences companies in a comparable stage to ours historically have been particularly volatile, and trading volume in such securities and our common stock has often been relatively low. Moreover, the securities and financial markets in general have experienced substantial volatility that has often been unrelated or disproportionate to the operating results of any individual company. During certain periods, specific industry sectors, such as the biotechnology segment, may experience greater volatility than other sectors or the securities markets as a whole. These broad market fluctuations, during which our industry and companies at our stage may experience a stronger degree of market sensitivity, will adversely affect the market price of our common stock. In the past, following periods of volatility in the market price of a company’s securities, stockholders have often instituted class action securities litigation against those companies. Such litigation, if instituted, could result in substantial costs and diversion of management attention and resources, which could significantly harm our reputation and materially adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations. ITEM 1B. UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS. None. ITEM 2. PROPERTIES. Our corporate headquarters is located at the Long Island High Technology Incubator (“LIHTI”), which is located on the campus of Stony Brook University at 50 Health Sciences Drive, Stony Brook, NY 11790. The lease is for a 30,000 square foot building. The term of the lease commenced on June 15, 2013 and expired on May 31, 2016, with the option to extend the lease for two additional three-year periods. We have exercised our option to extend the lease for one additional three-year period, ending May 31, 2019. The base rent during the additional three-year period is $458,098 per annum. In addition to the office space, we also have 1,500 square feet of laboratory space. The term of the lease commenced on November 1, 2015, expired on October 31, 2016 and was renewed through October 31, 2017. Effective November 20, 2017, we have renewed this lease for one additional year ending October 31, 2018, with a month to month agreement thereafter. We set up a satellite testing facility in Ahmedabad, India during fiscal 2018. On November 17, 2017, we leased 1,108 square feet for a three-year term beginning November 1, 2017. The base rent is approximately $6,500 per annum. ITEM 3. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS. From time to time, we may become involved in various lawsuits and legal proceedings which arise in the ordinary course of business. However, litigation is subject to inherent uncertainties, and an adverse result in these or other matters may arise from time to time that may harm our business. We are currently not aware of any such legal proceedings that we believe will have, individually or in the aggregate, a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition or operating results. ITEM 4. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES. Not applicable. 42 PART II ITEM 5. MARKET FOR COMMON EQUITY, RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS AND ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES. Market Information Our common stock is listed on The NASDAQ Capital Market under the symbol “APDN”. Our warrants are listed on The NASDAQ Capital Market under the symbol “APDNW”. There is no certainty that the common stock and warrants will continue to be listed or that any liquidity exists for our stockholders, or warrant holders. The following table sets forth the quarterly quotes of high and low prices for our common stock and warrants on The NASDAQ Capital Market, during the fiscal years ended September 30, 2018 and 2017: Common Stock: First Quarter Second Quarter Third Quarter Fourth Quarter Warrants: First Quarter Second Quarter Third Quarter Fourth Quarter Holders Fiscal 2018 Fiscal 2017 High Low High Low 3.45 $ 1.75 $ 1.59 $ 1.84 $ 1.52 $ 1.36 $ 1.21 $ 1.10 $ 3.15 $ 2.05 $ 1.94 $ 2.88 $ Fiscal 2018 Fiscal 2017 High Low High Low 0.85 $ 0.44 $ 0.36 $ 0.30 $ 0.21 $ 0.25 $ 0.12 $ 0.13 $ 1.16 $ 0.55 $ 0.50 $ 1.04 $ 1.73 1.40 1.94 1.55 0.35 0.35 0.22 0.30 $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ As of December 10, 2018, we had approximately 576 holders of record of our common stock and 3 holders of record of our publicly traded warrants. The number of record holders was determined from the records of our transfer agent and does not include beneficial owners of common stock whose shares are held in the names of various security brokers, dealers, and registered clearing agencies. The transfer agent of our common stock and warrants is American Stock Transfer & Trust Company, 6201 15th Avenue, Brooklyn, New York 11219. Dividends We have never declared or paid any cash dividends on our common stock. We do not anticipate paying any cash dividends to stockholders in the foreseeable future. In addition, any future determination to pay cash dividends will be at the discretion of the Board of Directors and will be dependent upon our financial condition, results of operations, capital requirements, and such other factors as the Board of Directors deem relevant. ITEM 6. SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA. Information requested by this Item is not applicable as we are electing scaled disclosure requirements available to Smaller Reporting Companies with respect to this Item. ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS. The following Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations should be read in conjunction with our consolidated financial statements and the related notes appearing elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. This discussion and analysis includes certain forward-looking statements that involve risks, uncertainties and assumptions. You should review the Risk Factors section of this Form 10-K for a discussion of important factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from the results described in or implied by such forward-looking statements. See “Forward-Looking Information” at the beginning of this Form 10-K. 43 Introduction Using our large scale polymerase chain reaction (PCR) based manufacturing platform we manufacture large quantities of linear DNA for various markets. Whether for supply chain security, brand protection, law enforcement or drug and biologic applications, it is our goal to help establish secure flourishing environments that foster quality, integrity and success. With secure taggants, high-resolution DNA authentication, and comprehensive reporting, our SigNature molecular tag technologies are designed to deliver what we believe to be the greatest levels of security, deterrence and legal recourse strength. Under our wholly owned subsidiary, LRx, we supply DNA for the use in in vitro medical diagnostics, preclinical biotechnology and drug and biologic manufacturing markets, and are also engaged in preclinical and animal drug candidate development and commercialization activities focusing on therapeutically relevant DNA drug constructs manufacturers via through our PCR-based DNA production platform Triathlon™ PCR systems. General To date, the substantial portion of our revenues have been generated from sales of our SigNature molecular tags and SigNature T molecular tags, our principal supply chain security and product authentication solutions. We expect to grow revenues from sales of our SigNature molecular tags, SigNature T molecular tags, SigNify, and CertainT offerings as we work with companies and government to secure supply chains for various types of products and product labeling throughout the world. In addition, we expect to continue to grow revenues from our PCR-produced linear DNA products and services for in vitro medical diagnostics, biotechnology research and drug and biologic manufacturing. We have continued to incur expenses in expanding our business and increasing our personnel to meet current and anticipated future demand. We have limited sources of liquidity. Our products and services are offered in the United States, Europe and Asia. At the present time, we are focusing our efforts on textile and apparel, pharmaceuticals and nutraceuticals, microcircuits and other electronics, cannabis and PCR-produced linear DNA products and services (for therapeutics, diagnostics and vaccines). Currently approximately twenty percent of our annual revenue comes from the textile market. The cotton ginning season in the United States takes place between September and March each year; therefore, revenues from our cotton customer contracts may be seasonal and recognized primarily during our first and fourth fiscal quarters, which may cause operating results to fluctuate significantly quarterly and annually. The basic technology we use in various markets is very similar, and we believe our solutions are adaptable for many types of products and markets. We have continued to incur expenses in expanding our business to meet current and anticipated future demand. We have limited sources of liquidity. Our independent registered public accounting firm has included an explanatory paragraph relating to our ability to continue as a going concern in its report on our audited financial statements for the year ended September 30, 2018 included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. Our products and services are offered in the United States, Europe and Asia. At the present time, we are focusing our efforts on textile and apparel, pharmaceuticals and nutraceuticals, microcircuits and other electronics, bulk DNA production (for therapeutics, diagnostics and vaccines), cash-in-transit, consumer asset marking, printing and packaging businesses, and agrochemicals. The basic technology we use in various markets is very similar, and we believe our solutions are adaptable for many types of products and markets. In addition, we seek to develop, acquire and commercialize, along with partners, a diverse portfolio of nucleic acid based therapeutics based on PCR-produced linear DNA to improve existing nucleic acid-based therapeutics or create new nucleic acid-based therapeutics that address unmet medical needs. We are also engaged in preclinical and animal drug candidate development activities focusing on therapeutically relevant drug construct manufacturers through our Triathlon™ PCR systems. LRx uses the Triathlon™ PCR system to rapidly produce customized DNA for use by our CRO/CMO clients, our drug and biologic partners, and for our proprietary pre-clinical gene therapies. LRx’s proprietary process enables large, gram-scale production of DNA through PCR for bio-based therapeutics, adoptive cell therapies, vaccines (including cancer), CRISPR and other nucleic acid- based therapies. Linear DNA does not require recombination, therefore, there is no need for a virus or for plasmids. This reduces the risk of unwanted DNA or other contaminants that would need to be removed. Critical Accounting Policies Financial Reporting Release No. 60, published by the SEC, recommends that all companies include a discussion of critical accounting policies used in the preparation of their financial statements. While all these significant accounting policies impact our financial condition and results of operations, we view certain of these policies as critical. Policies determined to be critical are those policies that have the most significant impact on our consolidated financial statements and require management to use a greater degree of judgment and estimates. Actual results may differ from those estimates. We believe that given current facts and circumstances, it is unlikely that applying any other reasonable judgments or estimate methodologies would cause a material effect on our consolidated results of operations, financial position or liquidity for the periods presented in this report. The accounting policies identified as critical are as follows: ● Revenue recognition; and ● Equity based compensation. 44 Revenue Recognition We recognize revenue in accordance with Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 605, Revenue Recognition (“ASC 605”). ASC 605 requires that four basic criteria must be met before revenue can be recognized: (1) persuasive evidence of an arrangement exists; (2) delivery has occurred and/or service has been performed; (3) the selling price is fixed and determinable; and (4) collectability is reasonably assured. Determination of criteria (3) and (4) are based on management’s judgments regarding the fixed nature of the selling prices of the products delivered or services provided and the collectability of those amounts. Provisions for allowances and other adjustments are provided for in the same period the related sales are recorded. We defer any revenue for which the product has not been delivered, service has not been provided, or is subject to refund until such time that we and the customer jointly determine that the product has been delivered, the service has been provided, or no refund will be required. Revenue arrangements with multiple components are divided into separate units of accounting if certain criteria are met, including whether the delivered component has stand- alone value to the customer. Consideration received is allocated among the separate units of accounting based on their respective selling prices. The selling price for each unit is based on vendor-specific objective evidence, or VSOE, if available, third party evidence if VSOE is not available, or estimated selling price if neither VSOE nor third party is available. The applicable revenue recognition criteria are then applied to each of the units. Revenue for government contract awards, which supports our development efforts on specific projects, is recognized as milestones are achieved as per the contract. Revenue for firm fixed price government contract awards are recognized over the period of the contract. We recognized revenue of $748,040 and $249,348, from these contract awards during the fiscal years ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively. 45 The Company has a licensing agreement with Himatsingka that operates in the cotton industry. The shipment to this customer during June 2018 included extended payment terms, as compared to those defined in the contract. The extended payment terms for this shipment are three equal installments due 90, 180 and 270 days from shipment. Due to the extended payment terms, this shipment was originally recorded to deferred revenue and the deferred revenue will be recognized to revenue as the payments become due and assuming all other conditions for revenue recognition have been satisfied. At September 30, 2018, the amount included in deferred revenue related to the shipment with extended payment terms was $766,192. The cotton ginning season in the United States takes place between September and March each year; therefore, revenues from these customer contracts may be seasonal and recognized primarily during the first and fourth quarters of our fiscal year. Equity Based Compensation We account for stock-based compensation for employees and directors in accordance with AS 718, Compensation (“ASC 718”). ASC 718 requires all share-based payments to employees, including grants of employee stock options, to be recognized in the statement of operations based on their fair values. Under the provisions of ASC 718, stock-based compensation costs are measured at the grant date, based on the fair value of the award, and are recognized as expense over the employee’s requisite service period (generally the vesting period of the equity grant). The fair value of our common stock options is estimated using the Black Scholes option-pricing model with the following assumptions: expected volatility, dividend rate, risk free interest rate and the expected life. We expense stock-based compensation by using the straight-line method. In accordance with ASC 718, excess tax benefits realized from the exercise of stock-based awards are classified as cash flows from operating activities. All excess tax benefits and tax deficiencies (including tax benefits of dividends on share-based payment awards) are recognized as income tax expense or benefit in the condensed consolidated statements of operations. We estimate the number of awards expected to be forfeited and adjust the estimate when it is no longer probable that the employee will fulfill the service conditions. We account for stock-based compensation awards issued to non-employees for services, as prescribed by ASC 718-10, at either the fair value of the services rendered, or the instruments issued in exchange for such services, whichever is more readily determinable, using the measurement date guidelines enumerated in ASC 505-50. Use of Estimates The preparation of the financial statements in conformity with Accounting Principles Generally Accepted in the United States (“GAAP”) requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect certain reported amounts and disclosures. Management bases its estimates on historical experience and on various assumptions that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying value of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. The most complex and subjective estimates include recoverability of long-lived assets, including the values assigned to goodwill, intangible assets and property, plant and equipment, fair value calculations for stock based compensation, contingencies, allowance for doubtful accounts, and management’s anticipated liquidity. Management reviews its estimates on a regular basis and the effects of any material revisions are reflected in the consolidated financial statements in the period they are deemed necessary. Accordingly, actual results could differ from those estimates. Comparison of the Fiscal Year Ended September 30, 2018 to the Fiscal Year Ended September 30, 2017 Revenues Product revenues For the fiscal years ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, we generated $1,827,626 and $3,733,995 in revenues from product sales, respectively. The decrease in product revenues of $1,906,369 or 51% for the fiscal year ended September 30, 2018 is attributable to a decrease in revenue of approximately $2,237,000 in the textile industry for protecting cotton and synthetic supply chains. Decreases in the textile division were offset partially by an increase in revenue from DNA Production of $342,943. Service revenues For the fiscal years ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, we generated $2,075,717 and $1,017,265 in revenues from sales of services, respectively. The increase in service revenues of $1,058,452 or 104% for the fiscal year ended September 30, 2018 is attributable to an increase in the government contract award of approximately $500,000 as well as an increase of approximately $729,000 related to feasibility projects. This increase was comprised of $354,000 for a cannabis pilot as well as the recognition of $375,000 for pharmaceuticals. These increases were partially offset by the completion of a fertilizer pilot of $95,000 during the prior fiscal year. 46 Costs and Expenses Cost of Revenues Cost of revenues for the fiscal years ended September 30, 2018 and 2017 were $1,206,814 and $1,077,232, respectively. Cost of revenues as a percentage of product revenue were 66% and 29% for the fiscal years ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively. This increase in cost of revenues as a percentage of product revenues is due to decreased sales to the textile industry which carry higher margins. To a lesser extent, the increase of costs of revenues as a percentage of product revenues is due to lower product revenue during the current fiscal year and therefore, our production decreased, and, as a result, our fixed production costs, primarily comprised of payroll expenses and rent and utilities allocated to our production facilities, were not fully absorbed by product sales. Selling, General and Administrative Selling, general and administrative expenses for the fiscal year ended September 30, 2018 decreased by $2,281,040 or 17% to $11,043,463 from $13,324,503 in the same period in fiscal 2017. The decrease is primarily attributable to an decrease in stock based compensation expense of approximately $1,900,000, related to the recognition of expense related to certain performance based options during the prior fiscal year, these same performance based options were cancelled during the fiscal year ended September 30, 2018; therefore, the performance conditions were no longer probable and the options did not vest and the related expense of $415,786 was reversed during the current fiscal year. The decrease also related to a decrease in bad debt of $403,000 as a result of the write-off of a portion of our accounts receivable during the prior fiscal year, as well as a decrease of $252,000 in legal expenses. These decreases were offset by an increase in payroll of $298,000 primarily resulting from the accrual of the Chief Executive Officer’s bonus, offset by a reduction in regular payroll for deferred salary accrual recorded during the fiscal third quarter. Research and Development Research and development expenses increased by $469,216 or 21% for the fiscal year ended September 30, 2018 compared to the same period in fiscal 2017 to $2,751,578 from $2,282,362. The increase is primarily attributable to development costs incurred in relation the government development contract award. 47 Depreciation and Amortization Depreciation and amortization decreased by $339,509 or 38% compared to the same period in 2017 from $887,305 for the fiscal year ended September 30, 2017 to $547,796 for the fiscal year ended September 30, 2018.The decrease is attributable to impairment of approximately $253,000 of internally developed software during the fiscal year ended September 30, 2017. Interest income (expense) Interest income (expense) for the fiscal year ended September 30, 2018, decreased to expense of $9,615 from income of $2,763 in the same period of 2017. The decrease in interest income was due to interest earned on the convertible notes payable for the fiscal year ended September 30, 2018. Other (expense) income Other (expense) income for the fiscal year ended September 30, 2018, decreased to expense of $37,005 from expense of $38,388 in the same period of 2017. Net Loss Net loss decreased $1,162,839, or 9% to $11,692,928 for the fiscal year ended September 30, 2018 compared to $12,855,767 for the fiscal year ended September 30, 2017 due to the factors noted above. Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements See Note B, “Recent Accounting Principles,” to the accompanying consolidated financial statements for a description of accounting standards which may impact our consolidated financial statements in future reporting periods. Liquidity and Capital Resources Our liquidity needs consist of our working capital requirements and research and development expenditure funding. As of September 30, 2018, we had working capital of $1,180,185. For the fiscal year ended September 30, 2018, we used cash in operating activities of $6,917,209 consisting primarily of our loss of $11,692,928 net with non-cash adjustments of $547,796 in depreciation and amortization charges, $1,356,351 for stock-based compensation, $20,552 of bad debt expense and $1,479 in amortization of debt issuance costs. Additionally, we had a net decrease in operating assets of $917,659 and a net increase in operating liabilities of $1,931,882. Cash used in investing activities was $266,008, for the purchase of property and equipment. Cash provided by financing activities was $5,883,000, which included net proceeds from the sale of common stock and warrants related to a private placement in December 2017 and the proceeds from the sale of senior secured convertible promissory notes during August 2018. In addition, on November 29, 2018, we closed on senior secured convertible promissory notes that resulted in gross proceeds to us of $550,000. We have recurring net losses, which have resulted in an accumulated deficit of $248,366,083 as of September 30, 2018. We have incurred a net loss of $11,692,928 for the fiscal year ended September 30, 2018. At September 30, 2018, we had cash and cash equivalents of $1,659,564. These factors raise substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern for one year from the issuance of the financial statements. The ability of the Company to continue as a going concern is dependent on the Company's ability to further implement its business plan, raise capital, and generate revenues. The financial statements do not include any adjustments that might be necessary if the Company is unable to continue as a going concern. Our current capital resources include cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable and inventories. Historically, we have financed our operations principally from the sale of equity securities. As discussed in Note G, to the accompanying consolidated financial statements, on August 31, 2018 and November 29, 2018, we closed on $1,650,000 million and $550,000, respectively, of senior secured convertible notes by way of a private placement with accredited investors and certain members of our management team and Board of Directors. 48 We expect capital expenditures to be less than $200,000 in fiscal 2019. Our primary investments will be in laboratory equipment to support prototyping, manufacturing, our authentication services, and outside services for our detector and reader development. These capital expenditures include one-time set up costs associated with the establishment of our laboratory space located in India. Substantially all of the real property used in our business is leased under operating lease agreements. Recent Debt and Equity Financing Transactions Fiscal 2018 On December 22, 2017, we closed a securities purchase agreement with certain institutional investors for the purchase and sale of 2,735,000 shares of our common stock and warrants to purchase an aggregate of 2,735,000 shares of common stock in a registered direct offering with aggregate gross proceeds of $4,786,250, at a combined purchase price of $1.75 per share. The warrants will be immediately exercisable at a price of $2.00 per share of common stock and will expire five years from the date of issuance. After deducting placement agent fees and other estimated expenses related to the registered direct offering, the aggregate net proceeds were approximately $4,200,000. The warrants include an adjustment provision that, subject to certain exceptions, reduces their exercise price if we issue common stock or common stock equivalents at a price lower than the then-current exercise price of the warrants, subject to a minimum exercise price of $0.44. The exercise price and number of the shares of our common stock issuable upon the exercise of the warrants will be subject to adjustment as set forth therein (including for stock dividends and splits, reverse stock split, recapitalization, reorganization or similar transaction). The warrants are subject to a call provision whereby we may, subject to certain provisions, including that the weighted average price of our common stock has exceeded $5.00 for twenty consecutive trading days, call for cancellation of all or any portion of the warrants not yet exercised. In addition, if and only if there is no effective registration statement registering, or no current prospectus available for, the resale of the warrants, the investors may exercise the warrants by means of a “cashless exercise.” On August 31, 2018, we entered into a securities purchase agreement with accredited investors and certain members of our management team and Board of Directors (the “Purchaser”), pursuant to which we issued and sold an aggregate of $1,650,000 in principal amount of secured convertible notes (the “August 31st Notes”) bearing interest at a rate of 6% per annum (the “Private Placement”). As part of the August 31st Notes, our management and Board of Directors purchased Notes with a principal amount of $1,185,000. The August 31st Notes are convertible, in whole or in part, at any time, at the option of the Purchasers, into shares of our common stock, in an amount determined by dividing the principal amount of each Note, together with any and all accrued and unpaid interest, by the conversion price of $2.50. We have the right to require the Purchasers to convert all or any part of their Notes into shares of our common stock at a conversion price of $2.50 if the price of the common stock remains at a closing price of $3.50 or more for a period of twenty consecutive trading days. Upon any Change in Control (as defined in the August 31st Notes), the Purchasers have the right to require us to redeem the Notes, in whole or in part, at a redemption price equal to such Notes’ outstanding principal balance plus accrued interest. The August 31st Notes contain certain events of default that are customarily included in financing of this nature. If an event of default occurs, the Purchasers may require us to redeem the August 31st Notes, in whole or in part, at a redemption price equal to such notes’ outstanding principal balance plus accrued interest. The August 31st Notes bear interest at the rate of 6% per annum, payable semi-annually in cash or in kind, at our option, and are due and payable in full on August 30, 2021. Until the principal and accrued but unpaid interest under the August 31st Notes is paid in full, or converted into shares of common stock pursuant to their terms, our obligations under the Notes will be secured by a lien on substantially all assets of the Company (excluding certain cash accounts) and the assets of APDN (B.V.I.) Inc., the Company’s wholly-owned subsidiary (“APDN BVI”), in favor of Delaware Trust Company, as Collateral Agent for the Purchasers pursuant to security agreements dated as of the date of the Purchase Agreement (the “Security Agreements”). We have also entered into a registration rights agreement, dated as of the date of the Purchase Agreement (the “Registration Rights Agreement”), with the Purchasers, pursuant to which we have agreed to prepare and file a registration statement with the SEC to register under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”) resales from time to time of the common stock issued or issuable upon conversion or redemption of the Notes. We are required to file a registration statement within 60 days of receiving a demand registration request from holders of a majority of the outstanding principal balance of the Notes, and to cause the registration statement to be declared effective within 45 days (or 90 days if the registration statement is reviewed by the SEC). 49 The Private Placement was completed in reliance upon the exemption from registration provided for by Section 4(a)(2) of the Securities Act and by Rule 506 of Regulation D promulgated under the Securities Act. Each of the Purchasers represented to in the Purchase Agreement that he or she is an “accredited investor” as that term is defined in Rule 501 of Regulation D. Fiscal 2017 On November 2, 2016, we entered into a securities purchase agreement with an institutional investor providing for the purchase of $5 million of common stock and warrants at a combined price of $2.20 per share of common stock and warrant (the “Private Placement”). In the Private Placement, we sold 2,272,727 shares of our common stock and warrants to purchase 2,272,727 shares of our common stock. The warrants have the same terms as our existing publicly traded warrants (APDNW) with an exercise price of $3.50 per share and an expiration date of November 20, 2019. The offering closed on November 7, 2016. We agreed to file a registration statement providing for the resale of these securities on Form S-3 by December 7, 2016. On December 6, 2016, we filed the Form S-3, which was declared effective by the SEC on December 13, 2016. Upon effectiveness of the registration statement, the common stock and warrants issued in the Private Placement became freely tradeable on The NASDAQ Capital Market under the symbols "APDN" and "APDNW", respectively. The aggregate gross proceeds to us from the Fiscal 2017 Private Placement were $5 million before deducting the placement agents' fee and other offering expenses. As a result of the placement agents’ fee and other offering expenses attributable to the Fiscal 2017Private Placement, the net proceeds were $4,319,863. In connection with the closing of the Fiscal 2017 Private Placement, as partial compensation, on November 7, 2016, we granted warrants to purchase an aggregate of 68,182 shares of our common stock to the our placement agents, Maxim Group LLC and Imperial Capital LLC (the “Placement Agent Warrants”) at an exercise price of $2.53 (115% of the public offering price), subject to adjustment as set forth therein (including for stock dividends and splits and certain other distributions and “Fundamental Transactions,” as defined therein). The Placement Agent Warrants will be exercisable beginning six months following the closing date of the Private Placement and terminate at 5:00 P.M. (Eastern Standard Time) on November 7, 2021. In addition, the Placement Agent Warrants provide for cashless exercise, which the Placement Agents may elect if there is no effective registration statement registering the resale of the shares issuable upon exercise of the Placement Agent Warrants. The number of shares of common stock that may be acquired by the Placement Agents upon any exercise of the Placement Agent Warrants (or otherwise in respect hereof) shall be limited to the extent necessary to insure that, following such exercise, the total number of shares of common stock then beneficially owned by the Placement Agent and its Affiliates (as defined therein) and any other Persons whose beneficial ownership of common stock would be aggregated with the Placement Agent pursuant to the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), does not exceed 9.99% of the total number of issued and outstanding shares of common stock. On June 28, 2017 we entered into subscription agreements for a private placement of our common stock, with a group of investors, including a strategic investor which is also a key customer and intellectual property licensee of ours as well as all of our executive officers and all members of the Board of Directors. As a result of the private placement we issued 1,025,574 shares of common stock at a price of $1.76 per share for total gross proceeds of $1,805,000. As part of the private placement, our management and Board of Directors purchased 315,346 shares of common stock for gross proceeds of $555,000. The issuance of the Common Stock was exempt from the registration requirements of the Securities Act of 1933 (the “Securities Act”) pursuant to Section 4(a)(2) of such Securities Act and Regulation D promulgated thereunder and such Common Stock will therefore be restricted. Each investor gave representations that he, she or it was an “accredited investor” (as defined under Rule 501 of Regulation D) and that he, she or it is purchasing such securities without a present view toward a distribution of the securities. In addition, there was no general solicitation conducted in connection with the offer and sale of the securities. 50 Subsequent Events On November 29, 2018, we closed a securities purchase agreement with our chairman, president and chief executive officer and one member of the management team, pursuant to which we issued and sold an aggregate of $550,000 in principal amount of secured convertible notes bearing interest at a rate of 6% per annum (the “November 29th Notes”). The November 29th Notes are substantially similar to our August 31 Notes except with respect to maturity date. The November 29th Notes are secured on a pari passu basis with the same Company assets as the August 31 Notes. Product Research and Development We anticipate spending approximately $3,000,000 for product research and development activities during the next twelve months. Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements We do not have any off-balance sheet arrangements. Inflation The effect of inflation on our revenue and operating results was not significant during the fiscal years ended September 30, 2018 and 2017. ITEM 7A. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK. Information requested by this Item is not applicable as we are electing scaled disclosure requirements available to Smaller Reporting Companies with respect to this Item. ITEM 8. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA. See pages F-1 through F-25 following the Exhibit Index. ITEM 9. CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS ON ACCOUNTING AND FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE. Not applicable. ITEM 9A. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES. Management Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures Under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including, our Chief Executive Officer, along with the Chief Financial Officer, on September 30, 2018, we conducted an evaluation of the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures, as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) under the Exchange Act, as of September 30, 2018. Disclosure controls and procedures are those controls and procedures designed to provide reasonable assurance that the information required to be disclosed in our Exchange Act filings is (1) recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms, and (2) accumulated and communicated to management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. Based on that evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that, as of September 30, 2018, our disclosure controls and procedures were effective. Management Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting Our management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting, as such term is defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d- 15(f). Our internal control over financial reporting was designed to provide reasonable assurance to our management and board of directors regarding the preparation and fair presentation of published consolidated financial statements. Internal control over financial reporting is promulgated under the Exchange Act as a process designed by, or under the supervision of, our principal executive and principal financial officers and effected by our board of directors, management and other personnel, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. Internal control over financial reporting, no matter how well designed, has inherent limitations and may not prevent or detect misstatements. Therefore, even effective internal control over financial reporting can only provide reasonable assurance with respect to the financial statement preparation and presentation. Our management has conducted, with the participation of our CEO and CFO, an assessment, including testing of the effectiveness, of our internal control over financial reporting as of September 30, 2018. Management’s assessment of internal control over financial reporting was based on assessment criteria established in the 2013 Internal Control— Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (“COSO”). Based on such evaluation, management concluded that our internal control over financial reporting was effective as of September 30, 2018. Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting The Company utilizes an outside consulting firm to assist in the analysis of technical accounting matters, which are then reviewed by the Company’s chief financial officer and financial reporting manager. Other than this one change, there were no additional changes in our internal control over financial reporting during the most recent fiscal quarter that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting. ITEM 9B. OTHER INFORMATION. Not applicable. 51 ITEM 10. DIRECTORS, EXECUTIVE OFFICERS, AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE ITEM 11. EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION Part III ITEM 12. SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT AND RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS ITEM 13. CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS, AND DIRECTOR INDEPENDENCE ITEM 14. PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTANT FEES AND SERVICES The information called for by Items 10, 11, 12, 13 and 14 will be included in our definitive proxy statement for the 2018 Annual Meeting of Stockholders, which will be filed with the SEC within 120 days after September 30, 2018. The relevant portions of such definitive proxy statement are incorporated herein by reference. ITEM 15. EXHIBITS AND FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES. (a) 1. We have filed the following documents as part of this Form 10-K: Consolidated Financial Statements Our consolidated financial statements at September 30, 2018 and 2017 and for the years ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, and the notes thereto, together with the report of our independent registered public accounting firm on those consolidated financial statements, are hereby filed as part of this report beginning on page F-1. 2. Financial Statement Schedules All financial statement schedules have been omitted since the required information is not applicable or is not present in amounts sufficient to require submission of the schedule, or because the information required is included in the consolidated financial statements and notes thereto. 3. Exhibits The information required by this item is set forth on the exhibit index that follows the signature page of this report. 52 Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized. SIGNATURES Date: December 18, 2018 APPLIED DNA SCIENCES, INC. /s/ James A. Hayward James A. Hayward President and Chief Executive Officer Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the registrant and in the capacities and on the dates indicated. Name /s/ JAMES A. HAYWARD James A. Hayward /s/ BETH M. JANTZEN Beth M. Jantzen /s/ JOHN BITZER, III John Bitzer, III /s/ ROBERT CATELL Robert Catell /s/ JOSEPH D. CECCOLI Joseph D. Ceccoli /s/ CHARLES S. RYAN Charles S. Ryan /s/ YACOV A. SHAMASH Yacov A. Shamash /s/ SANFORD R. SIMON Sanford R. Simon /s/ ELIZABETH M. SCHMALZ FERGUSON Betsy M. Schmalz Ferguson Position Chief Executive Officer (Principal Executive Officer), President, Chairman of the Board of Directors and Director Date December 18, 2018 Chief Financial Officer (Principal Financial Officer and December 18, 2018 Principal Accounting Officer) Director Director Director Director Director Director Director 53 December 18, 2018 December 18, 2018 December 18, 2018 December 18, 2018 December 18, 2018 December 18, 2018 December 18, 2018 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.6 3.7 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5 4.6 4.7 10.1† 10.2* 10.3 10.4 10.5† 10.6* 10.7 10.8 10.9† 10.10 10.11 The following exhibits are included as part of this Form 10-K. References to “the Company” in this Exhibit List mean Applied DNA Sciences, Inc., a Delaware corporation. EXHIBIT INDEX Incorporated by Reference Filed or Furnished Herewith Exhibit Number Description Form Exhibit Certificate of Incorporation Certificate of Amendment of Certificate of Incorporation Second Certificate of Amendment of Certificate of Incorporation Third Certificate of Amendment of Certificate of Incorporation Form of Certificate of Designations of the Series A Convertible Preferred Stock Form of Certificate of Designations of the Series B Convertible Preferred Stock By-Laws Form of Underwriter’s Warrant to be issued to Maxim Group LLC Form of Senior Indenture, to be entered into between Applied DNA Sciences, Inc. and the 8-K 8-K 8-K 8-K 8-K 8-K 8-K S-1/A S-3 Trustee designated therein Form of Subordinated Indenture, to be entered into between Applied DNA Sciences, Inc. S-3 and the Trustee designated therein Form of Underwriter’s Warrant Form of Purchase Warrant Form of Placement Agent Warrant issued to Maxim Group LLC Form of Placement Agent Warrant issued to Maxim Group LLC and Imperial Capital, LLC Applied DNA Sciences, Inc. 2005 Incentive Stock Plan and form of employee stock option agreement thereunder, as amended and restated as of January 21, 2015 Joint Development and Marketing Agreement, dated April 18, 2007 by and between 8-K 8-K 8-K 8-K 10-K 8-K Applied DNA Sciences and International Imaging Materials, Inc. 3.1 3.1 3.1 3.1 3.1 3.1 3.2 10.26 4.1 4.3 4.1 4.1 4.2 4.1 10.1 10.1 File No. 002-90539 002-90539 002-90539 002-90539 002-90539 002-90539 002-90539 333-199121 333-202432 Date Filed 1/16/2009 6/30/2010 1/30/2012 10/29/2014 11/29/2012 7/22/2013 1/16/2009 10/30/2014 3/2/2015 333-202432 3/2/2015 001-36745 001-36745 001-36745 001-36745 001-36745 3/27/2015 11/23/2015 11/23/2015 11/2/2016 12/14/2015 002-90539 4/24/2007 Form of Subscription Agreement, dated July 15, 2011, by and among Applied DNA 10-K 10.28 002-90539 12/9/2011 Sciences, Inc. and the investors named on the signature pages thereto Form of Warrant, dated July 15, 2011, issued to the investors named on the signature 10-K 10.29 002-90539 12/9/2011 pages Employment Agreement, dated July 1, 2017, between James A. Hayward and Applied DNA Sciences, Inc. Exclusive Sales Agreement dated November 1, 2011 by and between Applied DNA Sciences, Inc. and Nissha Printing Co., Ltd. 8-K 10-Q Software Distribution Agreement, dated as of January 25, 2012, by and between Applied 10-Q DNA Sciences, Inc. and DivineRune, Inc. 10.1 10.1 10.1 001-36745 8/2/2016 002-90539 2/14/2012 002-90539 5/15/2012 Form of Subscription Agreement dated June 21, 2012, by and among Applied DNA 10-K 10.37 002-90539 12/20/2012 Sciences, Inc. and the investor named on the signature page thereto Form of Indemnification Agreement dated as of September 7, 2012, by and between 8-K Applied DNA Sciences, Inc. and each of its directors and executive officers Asset Purchase Agreement dated May 10, 2013, between Applied DNA Sciences, Inc. 10-Q and RedWeb Technologies Limited Agreement of Lease dated June 14, 2013, between Applied DNA Sciences, Inc. and Long 10-Q Island High Technology Incubator, Inc. 10.12* 10.13 10.14 10.15 10.16 10.17 Term sheet for Mutual Cooperation with Borealis AG dated March 31, 2014 Form of Subscription Agreement dated June 3, 2014 Form of Warrant dated June 3, 2014 Form of Award/Contract issued by U.S. Missile Defense Agency dated July 14, 2014 Form of Promissory Note Form of Award/Contract awarded by Office of Secretary of Defense on behalf of Defense 8-K/A 8-K 8-K 8-K 8-K 8-K/A Logistics Agency dated August 28, 2014 54 10.1 10.1 10.2 10.1 10.1 10.2 10.1 10.1 10.1 002-90539 9/13/2012 002-90539 8/13/2013 002-90539 8/13/2013 002-90539 002-90539 002-90539 002-90539 002-90539 002-90539 7/22/2014 6/6/2014 6/6/2014 7/18/2014 9/17/2014 9/8/2014 10.18 10.19 10.20 10.21 10.22 10.23* 10.24 10.25** 10.26 10.27 10.28 10.29 10.30 10.31 10.32 10.33 10.34 10.35 10.36 10.37 10.38 10.39 10.40 10.41 10.42 10.43 10.44 10.45 21.1 23.1 31.1 31.2 32.1 32.2 Exhibit Number Description Warrant Repurchase Option Agreement dated October 28, 2014 between Applied DNA Sciences, Inc. and Crede CG III, Ltd. Incorporated by Reference Filed or Furnished Herewith Form Exhibit 10.28 S-1/A File No. 333-199121 Date Filed 10/30/2014 Letter Agreement dated November 11, 2014 between Applied DNA Sciences, Inc. and S-1/A 10.29 333-199121 11/12/2014 James A. Hayward regarding Exchange of 12.5% Promissory Note Underwriting agreement between Applied DNA Sciences, Inc. and Maxim Group LLC S-1/A 1.1 333-199121 11/12/2014 dated November 17, 2014 Form of Warrant Agreement between Applied DNA Sciences, Inc. and American Stock S-1/A 10.25 002-90539 11/12/2014 Transfer & Trust Company, LLC, as warrant agent First Amendment to Warrant Agreement dated April 1, 2015 between Applied DNA Sciences, Inc. and American Stock Transfer & Trust Company, LLC as warrant agent Mutual License Agreement dated March 25, 2015 between Applied DNA Sciences, Inc. and Divatex Home Fashion, Inc. 8-K 4.1 001-36745 4/1/2015 10-Q 10.1 001-36745 5/11/2015 Underwriting Agreement dated March 27, 2015, between Applied DNA Sciences, Inc. and Maxim Group LLC, as representative of the underwriters named on Schedule A thereto. Asset Purchase Agreement dated September 11, 2015 between Applied DNA Sciences, 8-K 8-K Inc. and Vandalia Research, Inc. Placement Agency Agreement by and between Applied DNA Sciences, Inc. and Maxim 8-K/A Group LLC, dated November 23, 2015 Form of Securities Purchase Agreement Placement Agency Agreement between Maxim Group LLC, Imperial Capital, LLC and Applied DNA Sciences, Inc. dated November 2, 2016 Securities Purchase Agreement dated November 2, 2016 Registration Rights Agreement dated November 2, 2016 Second Amendment to Warrant Agreement dated November 2, 2016 Form of Subscription Agreement Form of Convertible Note Registration Rights Agreement, dated November 29, 2018 Securities Purchase Agreement, dated November 29, 2018 Form of Convertible Note Registration Rights Agreement, dated August 31, 2018 Securities Purchase Agreement, dated August 31, 2018 Collateral Agency Agreement dated October 19, 2018 Security Agreement dated October 19, 2018 First Amendment to Security Agreement dated November 26, 2018 Guaranty and Security Agreement dated October 19, 2018 Intellectual Property Security Agreement dated October 19, 2018 Intellectual Property Security Agreement dated October 19, 2018 Securities Purchase Agreement, dated August 31, 2018 Subsidiaries of Applied DNA Sciences, Inc. Consent of Marcum LLP Certification of Chief Executive Officer, pursuant to Rules 13a-14(a) and 15d-14(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 Certification of Chief Financial Officer, pursuant to Rules 13a-14(a) and 15d-14(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 Certification of Chief Executive Officer, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 Certification of Chief Financial Officer, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted 101 INS 101 SCH 101 CAL 101 DEF 101 LAB 101 PRE pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 XBRL Instance Document XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definitions Linkbase Document XBRL Taxonomy Extension Labels Linkbase Document XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document † Indicates a management contract or any compensatory plan, contract or arrangement. 1.1 2.1 10.1 10.2 10.1 10.2 10.3 10.4 10.1 10.1 10.2 10.3 10.1 10.2 10.3 001-36745 3/27/2015 001-36745 9/17/2015 001-36745 11/23/2015 001-36745 001-36745 001-36745 001-36745 001-36745 001-36745 001-36745 001-36745 001-36745 001-36745 001-36745 001-36745 11/23/2015 11/2/2016 11/2/2016 11/2/2016 11/2/2016 6/28/2017 12/6/2018 12/6/2018 12/6/2018 12/10/2018 12/10/2018 12/10/2018 8-K/A 8-K 8-K 8-K 8-K 8-K 8-K 8-K 8-K 8-K/A 8-K/A 8-K/A S-1/A 21.1 333-199121 10/30/2014 Filed Filed Filed Filed Filed Filed Filed Filed Filed Filed Filed Filed Filed Filed Filed Filed Filed Filed * A request for confidentiality has been granted for certain portions of the indicated document. Confidential portions have been omitted and filed separately with the SEC as required by Rule 24b-2 promulgated under the Exchange Act. ** Schedules (or similar attachments) have been omitted pursuant to Item 601(b)(2) of Regulation S-K. Applied DNA Sciences, Inc. agrees to furnish supplementally a copy of any such omitted schedule or attachment to the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission upon request; provided, however, that Applied DNA Sciences, Inc. may request confidential treatment pursuant to Rule 24b-2 under the Exchange Act for any schedule or attachment so furnished. 55 APPLIED DNA SCIENCES, INC. INDEX TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm Consolidated Balance Sheets as of September 30, 2018 and 2017 Consolidated Statements of Operations for the Years Ended September 30, 2018 and 2017 Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity for the Years Ended September 30, 2018 and 2017 Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the Years Ended September 30, 2018 and 2017 Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements F-1 Page F-2 F-3 F-4 F-5 F-6 F-7 REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM To the Stockholders and Board of Directors of Applied DNA Sciences, Inc. Opinion on the Financial Statements We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Applied DNA Sciences, Inc. (the “Company”) as of September 30, 2018 and 2017, the related consolidated statements of operations, stockholders’ equity and cash flows for each of the two years in the period ended September 30, 2018, and the related notes (collectively referred to as the “financial statements”). In our opinion, the financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of September 30, 2018 and 2017, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the two years in the period ended September 30, 2018, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. Explanatory Paragraph – Going Concern The accompanying consolidated financial statements have been prepared assuming that the Company will continue as a going concern. As more fully described in Note A, the Company has incurred significant losses and needs to raise additional funds to meet its obligations and sustain its operations. These conditions raise substantial doubt about the Company's ability to continue as a going concern. Management's plans in regard to these matters are also described in Note A. The consolidated financial statements do not include any adjustments that might result from the outcome of this uncertainty. Basis for Opinion These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company's management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company's financial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) ("PCAOB") and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB. We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audits to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. The Company is not required to have, nor were we engaged to perform, an audit of its internal control over financial reporting. As part of our audits we are required to obtain an understanding of internal control over financial reporting but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the Company's internal control over financial reporting. Accordingly, we express no such opinion. Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the financial statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion. /s/ Marcum llp Marcum llp We have served as the Company’s auditor since 2014. Melville, NY December 18, 2018 F-2 APPLIED DNA SCIENCES, INC. CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS SEPTEMBER 30, 2018 AND 2017 ASSETS Current assets: Cash and cash equivalents Accounts receivable, net of allowance of $13,133 and $10,000 at September 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively Inventories Prepaid expenses and other current assets Total current assets Property and equipment, net Other assets: Deposits Goodwill Intangible assets, net Total Assets LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY Current liabilities: Accounts payable and accrued liabilities (including related party of $5,844 at September 30, 2018) Deferred revenue Total current liabilities Long term accrued liabilities Secured convertible notes payable, net of debt issuance costs (including related party of $1,139,490 at September 30, 2018) Total liabilities Commitments and contingencies Stockholders’ Equity: Preferred stock, par value $0.001 per share; 10,000,000 shares authorized; -0- shares issued and outstanding as of September 30, 2018 and 2017 Series A Preferred stock, par value $0.001 per share; 10,000,000 shares authorized; -0- issued and outstanding as of September 30, 2018 and 2017 Series B Preferred stock, par value $0.001 per share; 10,000,000 shares authorized; -0- issued and outstanding as of September 30, 2018 and 2017 Common stock, par value $0.001 per share; 500,000,000 shares authorized; 30,112,057 and 27,377,057 shares issued and outstanding as of September 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively Additional paid in capital Accumulated deficit Total stockholders’ equity Total Liabilities and Stockholders’ Equity See the accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statements F-3 $ September 30, 2018 2017 1,659,564 $ 1,485,938 221,369 635,174 4,002,045 2,959,781 2,587,969 326,468 366,954 6,241,172 419,774 523,688 62,325 285,386 61,626 285,386 864,203 1,042,076 $ 5,633,733 $ 8,153,948 $ 965,167 $ 1,856,693 2,821,860 470,739 1,586,631 944,133 351,735 1,295,868 - - 4,879,230 1,295,868 - - - - - - 30,112 249,090,474 (248,366,083) 27,377 243,503,858 (236,673,155) 754,503 6,858,080 $ 5,633,733 $ 8,153,948 APPLIED DNA SCIENCES, INC. CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS YEARS ENDED SEPTEMBER 30, 2018 AND 2017 Revenues: Product revenues Service revenues Total revenues Cost of revenues Operating expenses: Selling, general and administrative Research and development Depreciation and amortization Total operating expenses LOSS FROM OPERATIONS Other (expense) income: Interest (expense) income, net (including related party interest of $5,844 for the year ended September 30, 2018) Other expense, net Loss before provision for income taxes Provision for income taxes NET LOSS Net loss per share-basic and diluted Weighted average shares outstanding-basic and diluted See the accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statements F-4 2018 2017 $ 1,827,626 $ 2,075,717 3,733,995 1,017,265 3,903,343 4,751,260 1,206,814 1,077,232 11,043,463 2,751,578 547,796 13,324,503 2,282,362 887,305 14,342,837 16,494,170 (11,646,308) (12,820,142) (9,615) (37,005) 2,763 (38,388) (11,692,928) (12,855,767) - - (11,692,928) $ (12,855,767) (0.40) $ (0.49) 29,497,619 26,378,991 $ $ APPLIED DNA SCIENCES, INC. CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY YEARS ENDED SEPTEMBER 30, 2018 and 2017 Common Shares Common Stock Amount Additional Paid in Capital Balance, October 1, 2016 Common stock issued for consulting services Shares issued in underwritten public offerings, net of offering costs Stock based compensation expense Net loss Balance, September 30, 2017 Common stock issued in private placement, net of offering costs Stock based compensation expense Net loss Balance, September 30, 2018 24,078,756 $ 1,025,574 2,272,727 — — 27,377,057 $ 2,735,000 — — 30,112,057 $ 24,079 $ 1,025 2,273 — — 27,377 $ 2,735 — — 30,112 $ 234,158,711 $ 1,770,252 4,317,590 3,257,305 — 243,503,858 $ 4,230,265 1,356,351 — 249,090,474 $ See the accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statements F-5 Accumulated Deficit (223,817,388) $ — — — (12,855,767) (236,673,155) $ — — (11,692,928) (248,366,083) $ Total 10,365,402 1,771,277 4,319,863 3,257,305 (12,855,767) 6,858,080 4,233,000 1,356,351 (11,692,928) 754,503 APPLIED DNA SCIENCES, INC. CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF CASH FLOWS YEARS ENDED SEPTEMBER 30, 2018 AND 2017 Cash flows from operating activities: Net loss Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities: Depreciation and amortization Impairment expense Stock based compensation expense Amortization of debt issuance costs Provision for bad debts Change in operating assets and liabilities: Accounts receivable Inventories Prepaid expenses, other current assets and deposits Accounts payable and accrued liabilities Deferred revenue Net cash used in operating activities Cash flows from investing activities: Purchases of property and equipment Net cash used in investing activities Cash flows from financing activities: Net proceeds from sale of common stock and warrants Net proceeds from secured convertible promissory notes (including related party of $1,185,000 for the year ended September 30, 2018) Net cash provided by financing activities Net decrease in cash and cash equivalents Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of year Cash and cash equivalents at end of year Supplemental Disclosures of Cash Flow Information: Cash paid during year for interest Cash paid during year for income taxes Non-cash investing and financing transactions: Debt issuance costs included in accounts payable and accrued liabilities Reclassification of deferred offering costs to additional paid in capital See the accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statements F-6 2018 2017 $ (11,692,928) $ (12,855,767) 547,796 - 1,356,351 1,479 20,552 1,081,480 105,099 (268,920) 426,924 1,504,958 (6,917,209) 633,328 253,977 3,257,305 - 423,920 3,084,311 (28,709) (167,448) (610,504) (1,469,597) (7,479,184) (266,008) (266,008) (145,436) (145,436) 4,233,000 6,105,127 1,650,000 5,883,000 (1,300,217) 2,959,781 1,659,564 $ - 6,105,127 (1,519,493) 4,479,274 2,959,781 - $ - $ - - 64,848 $ - $ - 13,986 $ $ $ $ $ APPLIED DNA SCIENCES, INC. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS SEPTEMBER 30, 2018 and 2017 NOTE A – LIQUIDITY AND MANAGEMENT’S PLAN Applied DNA Sciences, Inc. (the “Company”) has recurring net losses, which have resulted in an accumulated deficit of $248,366,083 as of September 30, 2018. The Company incurred a net loss of $11,692,928 and generated negative operating cash flow of $6,917,209 for the fiscal year ended September 30, 2018. At September 30, 2018 the Company had cash and cash equivalents of $1,659,564 and working capital of $1,180,185. These factors raise substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern for one year from the issuance of the financial statements. The ability of the Company to continue as a going concern is dependent on the Company's ability to further implement its business plan, raise capital, and generate revenues. The Financial Statements do not include any adjustments that might be necessary if the Company is unable to continue as a going concern. The Company’s current capital resources include cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable and inventories. Historically, the Company has financed its operations principally from the sale of equity securities. NOTE B – SUMMARY OF ACCOUNTING POLICIES Business and Basis of Presentation On September 16, 2002, the Company was incorporated under the laws of the State of Nevada. Effective December 2008, the Company reincorporated from the State of Nevada to the State of Delaware. The Company is principally devoted to developing and marketing plant-based or other DNA technology solutions in the United States, Europe and Asia. To date, the Company has produced limited recurring revenues from its products and services; it has incurred expenses and has sustained losses. Consequently, its operations are subject to all the risks inherent in the establishment of a biotechnology company. The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its wholly-owned subsidiaries, APDN (B.V.I.) Inc., Applied DNA Sciences Europe Limited, Applied DNA Sciences India Private Limited and LineaRx, Inc. (“LRx”). Applied DNA Sciences India Private Limited was incorporated in India on June 22, 2018 and LineaRx, Inc. was incorporated in Delaware on September 11, 2018. Significant inter-company transactions and balances have been eliminated in consolidation. To facilitate comparison of information across periods, certain reclassifications have been made to prior year amounts to conform to the current year’s presentation. Use of Estimates The preparation of the financial statements in conformity with Accounting Principles Generally Accepted in the U.S. (“GAAP”) requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect certain reported amounts and disclosures. Management bases its estimates on historical experience and on various assumptions that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying value of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. The most complex and subjective estimates include recoverability of long-lived assets, including the values assigned to goodwill, intangible assets and property and equipment, fair value calculations for stock based compensation, contingencies, allowance for doubtful accounts and management’s anticipated liquidity. Management reviews its estimates on a regular basis and the effects of any material revisions are reflected in the consolidated financial statements in the period they are deemed necessary. Accordingly, actual results could differ from those estimates. F-7 APPLIED DNA SCIENCES, INC. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS SEPTEMBER 30, 2018 and 2017 NOTE B – SUMMARY OF ACCOUNTING POLICIES, continued Revenue Recognition The Company recognizes revenue in accordance with Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 605, Revenue Recognition (“ASC 605”). ASC 605 requires that four basic criteria must be met before revenue can be recognized: (1) persuasive evidence of an arrangement exists; (2) delivery has occurred and/or service has been performed; (3) the selling price is fixed and determinable; and (4) collectability is reasonably assured. Determination of criteria (3) and (4) are based on management’s judgments regarding the fixed nature of the selling prices of the products delivered or services provided and the collectability of those amounts. Provisions for allowances and other adjustments are provided for in the same period the related sales are recorded. The Company defers any revenue for which the product has not been delivered, service has not been provided, or is subject to refund until such time that the Company and the customer jointly determine that the product has been delivered, the service has been provided, or no refund will be required. At September 30, 2018 and 2017, the Company recorded total deferred revenue of $1,856,693 and $351,735, respectively. Revenue arrangements with multiple components are divided into separate units of accounting if certain criteria are met, including whether the delivered component has stand- alone value to the customer. Consideration received is allocated among the separate units of accounting based on their respective selling prices. The selling price for each unit is based on vendor-specific objective evidence, or VSOE, if available, third party evidence if VSOE is not available, or estimated selling price if neither VSOE nor third party evidence is available. The applicable revenue recognition criteria are then applied to each of the units. Revenue for government contract awards, which supports the Company’s development efforts on specific projects, is recognized as firm fixed price government contract awards and are recognized over the period of the contract. The Company recognized revenue from a government contract of $748,040 and $249,348 for the fiscal years ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively. The Company has a licensing agreement with a company that operates in the cotton industry. The shipment to this customer during fiscal 2018 included extended payment terms, as compared to those defined in the contract and therefore is included in deferred revenue as of September 30, 2018. The extended payment terms for this shipment are three equal installments due 90, 180 and 270 days from shipment. The deferred revenue will be recognized to revenue as the payments become due assuming all other conditions for revenue recognition have been satisfied. At September 30, 2018, the amount included in deferred revenue related to the shipment with extended payment terms was $766,192. The cotton ginning season in the United States takes place between September and March each year; therefore, revenues from our cotton customer contracts may be seasonal and recognized primarily during our first and fourth fiscal quarters. Cash Equivalents For the purpose of the accompanying consolidated financial statements, all highly liquid investments with a maturity of three months or less are considered to be cash equivalents. Accounts Receivable The Company provides an allowance for doubtful accounts equal to the estimated uncollectible amounts. The Company’s estimate is based on historical collection experience and a review of the current status of trade accounts receivable. It is reasonably possible that the Company’s estimate of the allowance for doubtful accounts may change. Trade accounts receivable are recorded at the invoiced amount and do not bear interest. The Company classifies receivable amounts as current or long-term based on expected payment and records long-term accounts receivable when the collection period is expected to be greater than one year. At September 30, 2018 and 2017, the Company has an allowance for doubtful accounts of $13,133 and $10,000, respectively. The Company writes-off receivables that are deemed uncollectible. F-8 APPLIED DNA SCIENCES, INC. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS SEPTEMBER 30, 2018 and 2017 NOTE B – SUMMARY OF ACCOUNTING POLICIES, continued Inventories Inventories, which consist primarily of raw materials and finished goods, are stated at the lower of cost or net realizable value, which cost determined by using the first-in, first-out (FIFO) method. Income Taxes The Company accounts for income taxes in accordance with ASC 740, Income Taxes (“ASC 740-10”) which requires the recognition of deferred tax liabilities and assets for the expected future tax consequences of events that have been included in the financial statement or tax returns. Under this method, deferred tax liabilities and assets are determined based on the difference between financial statements and tax basis of assets and liabilities using enacted tax rates in effect for the year in which the differences are expected to reverse. Temporary differences between taxable income reported for financial reporting purposes and income tax purposes include, but not limited to, accounting for intangibles, equity based compensation and depreciation and amortization. The Company evaluates the recoverability of deferred tax assets and establishes a valuation allowance when it is more likely than not that some portion or all of the deferred tax asset will not be realized. During the fiscal years ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, the Company incurred losses from operations. Based upon these results and the trends in the Company’s performance projected for fiscal year 2019, it is more likely than not that the Company will not realize any benefit from the deferred tax assets recorded by the Company in previous periods. Management makes judgments as to the interpretation of tax laws that might be challenged upon an audit and cause changes to previous estimates of tax liability. In management’s opinion, adequate provisions for income taxes have been made for all years. If actual taxable income by tax jurisdiction varies from estimates, additional allowances or reversals of reserves may be necessary. The Company has identified its federal tax return and its state tax return in New York as “major” tax jurisdictions. Based on the Company’s evaluation, it has been concluded that there are no significant uncertain tax positions requiring recognition in the Company’s consolidated financial statements. The Company believes that its income tax positions and deductions will be sustained on audit and does not anticipate any adjustments that will result in a material change to its financial position. It is the Company’s policy to accrue interest and penalties on unrecognized tax benefits as components of income tax provision. The Company did not have any accrued interest or penalties as of September 30, 2018 and 2017. Tax years 2014 through 2017 remain subject to future examination by the applicable taxing authorities. On December 22, 2017, the U.S. government enacted comprehensive tax legislation commonly referred to as the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (the “Tax Act”). The Tax Act makes broad and complex changes to the U.S. tax code that will affect the Company’s fiscal year ending September 30, 2018, including, but not limited to, reducing the U.S. federal corporate tax rate. The Tax Act reduces the federal corporate tax rate to 21% in the fiscal year ending September 30, 2018. As the Company has a September 30 fiscal year-end, the lower corporate income tax rate will be phased in, resulting in a U.S. federal statutory rate of approximately 24.3% for fiscal 2018 and a 21% U.S. federal statutory rate for subsequent fiscal years. The reduction of the corporate tax rate caused the Company to reduce its deferred tax asset to the lower federal base rate of 21% and the Company adjusted the valuation allowance against the deferred tax asset by the same amount, this also resulted in a decrease to the deferred tax asset and valuation allowance of $6,865,546. The Company has a full allowance against the deferred tax asset and as a result there was no impact to income tax expense for the twelve month period ended September 30, 2018. The Tax Act imposes a one-time transition tax that requires companies to increase U.S. taxable income for accumulated foreign subsidiary earnings not previously subject to U.S. income tax at a rate of 15.5% to the extent of foreign cash and certain other net current assets and 8% on the remaining earnings. As the foreign subsidiaries of the Company have a cumulative net deficit position, there is no impact for this transition tax. Property and Equipment Property and equipment are stated at cost and depreciated using the straight line method over their estimated useful lives. The estimated useful life for computer equipment, lab equipment and furniture is 3 years and leasehold improvements are amortized over the shorter of their useful life or the lease terms. Property and equipment consist of: Computer equipment Lab equipment Furniture Leasehold improvements Total Accumulated depreciation Property and equipment, net September 30, 2018 135,621 $ 1,951,955 74,781 293,672 2,456,029 2,036,255 419,774 $ 2017 85,413 1,770,407 44,592 289,573 2,189,985 1,666,297 523,688 $ $ Depreciation expense for the fiscal years ended September 30, 2018 and 2017 were $369,924 and $403,482, respectively. F-9 APPLIED DNA SCIENCES, INC. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS SEPTEMBER 30, 2018 and 2017 NOTE B – SUMMARY OF ACCOUNTING POLICIES, continued Impairment of Long-Lived Assets The Company evaluates its long lived assets for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. Events relating to recoverability may include significant unfavorable changes in business conditions, recurring losses, or a forecasted inability to achieve break-even operating results over an extended period. The Company evaluates the recoverability of long-lived assets based upon forecasted undiscounted cash flows. Should impairment in value be indicated, the carrying value of long-lived assets will be adjusted, based on estimates of future discounted cash flows resulting from the use and ultimate disposition of the asset. For the fiscal year ended September 30, 2017, the Company recorded an impairment charge of $253,977, as determined by non-recurring Level 3 inputs, related to capitalized software which is included in depreciation and amortization expense in the consolidated statements of operations. Net Loss per Share The Company presents loss per share utilizing a dual presentation of basic and diluted loss per share. Basic loss per share includes no dilution and has been calculated based upon the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period. Dilutive common stock equivalents consist of shares issuable upon the exercise of the Company’s stock options and warrants. For the fiscal years ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, common stock equivalent shares are excluded from the computation of the diluted loss per share as their effect would be anti-dilutive. Securities that could potentially dilute basic net income per share in the future that were not included in the computation of diluted net loss per share because to do so would have been antidilutive for the fiscal years ended September 30, 2018 and 2017 are as follows: Warrants Options Stock-Based Compensation 2018 12,208,527 6,183,214 18,391,741 2017 9,540,455 5,333,227 14,873,682 The Company accounts for stock-based compensation for employees and directors in accordance with ASC 718, Compensation (“ASC 718”). ASC 718 requires all share-based payments to employees, including grants of employee stock options, to be recognized in the statement of operations based on their fair values. Under the provisions of ASC 718, stock-based compensation costs are measured at the grant date, based on the fair value of the award, and are recognized as expense over the employee’s requisite service period (generally the vesting period of the equity grant). The fair value of the Company’s common stock options is estimated using the Black Scholes option-pricing model with the following assumptions: expected volatility, dividend rate, risk free interest rate and the expected life. The Company expenses stock-based compensation by using the straight-line method. In accordance with ASC 718, excess tax benefits realized from the exercise of stock-based awards are classified in cash flows from operating activities. All excess tax benefits and tax deficiencies (including tax benefits of dividends on share-based payments awards) are recognized as income tax expense or benefit in the consolidated statement of operations. The Company estimates the number of awards expected to be forfeited and adjusts the estimate when it is no longer probable that the employee will fulfill the service conditions. The Company accounts for stock-based compensation awards issued to non-employees for services, as prescribed by ASC 718-10, at either the fair value of the services rendered or the instruments issued in exchange for such services, whichever is more readily determinable, using the measurement date guidelines enumerated in ASC 505-50. Concentrations Financial instruments and related items, which potentially subject the Company to concentrations of credit risk, consist primarily of cash, cash equivalents and trade receivables. The Company places its cash and temporary cash investments with high credit quality institutions. At times, such investments may be in excess of the FDIC insurance limit. The Company’s revenues earned from sale of products and services for the fiscal year ended September 30, 2018 include 24%, 16%, 14% and 11%, respectively from four customers of the Company’s total revenues. These customers accounted for approximately 96% of the Company’s total accounts receivable at September 30, 2018. At September 30, 2018, one customer accounted for an aggregate of 82% of the Company’s total accounts receivable. F-10 APPLIED DNA SCIENCES, INC. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS SEPTEMBER 30, 2018 and 2017 NOTE B – SUMMARY OF ACCOUNTING POLICIES, continued The Company’s revenues earned from sale of products and services for the fiscal years ended September 30, 2017 include 29%, 26%, 13% and 10%, respectively from four customers of the Company’s total revenues. These customers accounted for approximately 97% of the Company’s total accounts receivable at September 30, 2017. At September 30, 2017, one customer accounted for an aggregate of 80% of the Company’s total accounts receivable. Research and Development The Company accounts for research and development costs in accordance with the ASC 730, Research and Development (“ASC 730”). Under ASC 730, all research and development costs must be charged to expense as incurred. Accordingly, internal research and development costs are expensed as incurred. Third-party research and development costs are expensed when the contracted work has been performed or as milestone results have been achieved. Company-sponsored research and development costs related to both present and future products are expensed in the period incurred. During the fiscal years ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, the Company incurred research and development expenses of $2,751,578 and $2,282,362, respectively. Advertising The Company follows the policy of charging the costs of advertising to expense as incurred. The Company charged to operations $287,156 and $315,266, as advertising costs for the fiscal years ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively. Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets The Company amortizes its intangible assets using the straight-line method over their estimated period of benefit. All of the Company’s intangible assets, except for goodwill are subject to amortization. Goodwill arises as a result of business acquisitions. Goodwill consists of the excess of the cost of the acquisitions over the tangible and intangible assets acquired and liabilities assumed. The Company evaluates goodwill for impairment at least annually. The Company qualitatively and quantitatively determines whether, more likely than not, the fair value exceeds the carrying amount of a reporting unit. There are numerous assumptions and estimates underlying the quantitative assessments including future earnings, long-term strategies, and the Company’s annual planning and forecasts. If these planned initiatives do not accomplish the targeted objectives, the assumptions and estimates underlying the quantitative assessments could be adversely affected and have a material effect upon the Company’s financial condition and results of operations. As of September 30, 2018 and 2017, the Company performed its assessment of goodwill and indicated that there was no impairment. Internally Developed Software Internally developed software products, consist of capitalized costs associated with the development of computer software to be sold, leased or otherwise marketed. Software development costs associated with new products are expensed as incurred until technological feasibility, as defined in FASB ASC Topic 985-20, has been established. Costs incurred thereafter are capitalized until the product is made generally available. The stage during the Company’s development process for a new product or new release at which technological feasibility requirements are established affects the amount of costs capitalized. Annual amortization of internally developed software products is the greater of the amount computed using the ratio that current gross revenues for a product bear to the total of current and anticipated future gross revenues for that product or the straight-line method over the remaining estimated economic life of the software product, generally estimated to be 3 years from the date the product became available for general release to customers. The Company generally recognizes amortization expense for capitalized software costs using the straight-line method. Internally developed software products are reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable and its carrying amount exceeds its fair value. Convertible Instruments The Company accounts for convertible instruments (when it has determined that the embedded conversion options should not be bifurcated from their host instruments) in accordance with ASC 470-20, Debt with Conversion and Other Options. Accordingly, the Company records, when necessary, discounts to convertible notes for the intrinsic value of conversion options embedded in debt instruments based upon the differences between the fair value of the underlying common stock at the commitment date of the note transaction and the effective conversion price embedded in the note. Debt discounts under these arrangements are amortized over the term of the related debt to their earliest date of redemption. Fair Value of Financial Instruments The valuation techniques utilized are based upon observable and unobservable inputs. Observable inputs reflect market data obtained from independent sources, while unobservable inputs reflect internal market assumptions. These two types of inputs create the following fair value hierarchy: Level 1 — Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities. F-11 APPLIED DNA SCIENCES, INC. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS SEPTEMBER 30, 2018 and 2017 NOTE B – SUMMARY OF ACCOUNTING POLICIES, continued Level 2 — Observable inputs other than Level 1 prices such as quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities; quoted prices in markets that are not active or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data for substantially the full term of the related asset or liabilities. Level 3 — Unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market activity and that are significant to the fair value of assets or liabilities. The Company utilizes observable market inputs (quoted market prices) when measuring fair value whenever possible. For fair value measurements categorized within Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy, the Company’s accounting and finance department, who report to the Chief Financial Officer, determine its valuation policies and procedures. The development and determination of the unobservable inputs for Level 3 fair value measurements and fair value calculations are the responsibility of the Company’s accounting and finance department and are approved by the Chief Financial Officer. Recently Issued Accounting Principles In November 2018, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued ASU 2018-18, “Collaborative Arrangements (Topic 808): Clarifying the Interaction between Topic 808 and Topic 606” (“ASU 2018-18”). The amendments in this update is to clarify certain transactions between collaborative arrangement participants which should be accounted for as revenue under Topic 606. ASU 2018-18 is effective for public business entities for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2019. Early adoption is permitted. The Company is currently assessing the impact of ASU 2018-18 on its consolidated financial statements. In June 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-07, Compensation – “Stock Compensation (Topic 718): Improvements to Nonemployee Share-based Payment Accounting”, addresses aspects of the accounting for nonemployee share-based payment transactions. This pronouncement is effective for annual reporting periods and interim periods within those annual periods beginning after December 15, 2019. Early adoption is permitted. The Company does not expect the adoption of ASU 2018-18 to have a material impact on its consolidated financial statements and related disclosures. In July 2017, the FASB issued a two-part Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) No. 2017-11, I. Accounting for Certain Financial Instruments With Down Round Features and II. Replacement of the Indefinite Deferral for Mandatorily Redeemable Financial Instruments of Certain Nonpublic Entities and Certain Mandatorily Redeemable Noncontrolling Interests With a Scope Exception (“ASU 2017-11”). ASU 2017-11 amends guidance in FASB ASC 260, Earnings Per Share, FASB ASC 480, Distinguishing Liabilities from Equity, and FASB ASC 815, Derivatives and Hedging. The amendments in Part I of ASU 2018-11 change the classification analysis of certain equity-linked financial instruments (or embedded features) with down round features. The amendments in Part II of ASU 2017-11 re-characterize the indefinite deferral of certain provisions of Topic 480 that now are presented as pending content in the Codification, to a scope exception. Those amendments do not have an accounting effect. ASU 20178-11 is effective for public business entities for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2018. Early adoption is permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of adopting this guidance. In May 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-09, Compensation – “Stock Compensation (Topic 718): Scope of Modification Accounting” , which provides guidance about which changes to the terms or conditions of a share-based payment award require an entity to apply modification accounting in Topic 718. This pronouncement is effective for annual reporting periods and interim periods within those annual periods beginning after December 15, 2017. Early adoption is permitted. The Company does not expect the adoption of ASU 2017-09 to have a material impact on its consolidated financial statements and related disclosures. In January 2017, the FASB ASU 2017-01, “Business Combinations (Topic 805): Clarifying the Definition of a Business” (“ASU 2017-01”). The amendments in this update are to clarify the definition of a business with the objective of adding guidance to assist entities with evaluating whether transactions should be accounted for as acquisitions (or disposals) of assets or businesses. The definition of a business affects many areas of accounting including acquisitions, disposals, goodwill, and consolidation. The guidance is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2017, including interim periods within those periods. The Company does not expect the adoption of ASU 2017-01 to have a material impact on its consolidated financial statements and related disclosures. In January 2017, the FASB issued ASU No. 2017-04, “Intangibles – Goodwill and Other (Topic 350): Simplifying the Test for Goodwill Impairment” (“ASU 2017-04”). The purpose of the amendment is to simplify how an entity is required to test goodwill for impairment by eliminating Step 2 from the goodwill impairment test. Step 2 measures a goodwill impairment loss by comparing the implied fair value of a reporting unit’s goodwill with the carrying amount of that goodwill. For public entities, the amendments in ASU 2017-04 are effective for interim and annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2019. The Company is currently assessing the impact of ASU 2017-04 on its consolidated financial statements. In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-02, "Leases (Topic 842)." The objective of this update is to increase transparency and comparability among organizations by recognizing lease assets and lease liabilities on the balance sheet and disclosing key information about leasing arrangements. This ASU is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, including interim periods within those annual periods and is to be applied utilizing a modified retrospective approach. The Company is currently evaluating the new guidance to determine the impact it may have on its consolidated financial statements. F-12 APPLIED DNA SCIENCES, INC. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS SEPTEMBER 30, 2018 and 2017 NOTE B – SUMMARY OF ACCOUNTING POLICIES, continued In May 2014, the FASB issued ASU No. 2014-09, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers” (“ASU 2014-09”), which was subsequently modified in August 2015 by ASU No. 2015- 14, Revenue from Contracts with Customers: Deferral of the Effective Date. This guidance will be effective for fiscal years (and interim reporting periods within those years) beginning after December 15, 2017, which for the Company is the first quarter of fiscal 2019. The core principle of ASU No. 2014-09 is that companies should recognize revenue when the transfer of promised goods or services to customers occurs in an amount that reflects what the company expects to receive. It requires additional disclosures to describe the nature, amount, timing and uncertainty of revenue and cash flows from contracts with customers. In 2016 and 2017, the FASB issued additional ASUs that clarify the implementation guidance on principal versus agent considerations (ASU 2016-08), on identifying performance obligations and licensing (ASU 2016-10), and on narrow-scope improvements and practical expedients (ASU 2016-12), revenue recognition criteria and other technical corrections (ASU 2016-20) as well as clarifying the scope of asset derecognition guidance and accounting for partial sales of nonfinancial assets (ASU 2017-05). The Company performed an evaluation of the impact, including a review of current accounting policies and practices, as well as customer contracts, to identify differences upon the adoption of the new standard. Based on the evaluation, the Company has identified certain customer contracts, which will require different recognition under the new guidance. The Company had determined that the revenue under certain of its research and development contracts should be recognized on an overtime basis as compared to ratably over the contract term. Also, the shipment to the Company’s cotton customer during fiscal 2018 that included extended payment terms and is included in deferred revenue as of September 30, 2018, would have met the criteria under the new guidance to be recognized as revenue upon shipment. The Company has determined that the guidance will be adopted using the modified retrospective basis with a cumulative adjustment to opening retained earnings in fiscal 2019; the cumulative adjustment is expected to be approximately $500,000. F-13 APPLIED DNA SCIENCES, INC. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS SEPTEMBER 30, 2018 and 2017 NOTE C – INVENTORIES Inventories consist of the following at September 30, 2018 and 2017: Raw materials Finished goods Total NOTE D – INTANGIBLE ASSETS Intangible assets at September 30, 2018 and 2017 are as follows: Internally developed software (5-year useful life) Customer relationships (10-year useful life) Intellectual property (5-15 years) Less: Accumulated amortization Intangible assets, net 2018 2017 147,984 $ 73,385 221,369 $ 193,069 133,399 326,468 $ $ 2018 2017 157,221 $ 621,000 917,350 1,695,571 831,368 864,203 $ 157,221 621,000 917,350 1,695,571 653,495 1,042,076 $ $ Total amortization expense charged to operations for the fiscal years ended September 30, 2018 and 2017 were $177,872 and $483,823, respectively. Impairment expense of $253,977 relating to internally developed software was included in amortization expense included in depreciation and amortization within the consolidated statements of operations for the fiscal year ended September 30, 2017. F-14 APPLIED DNA SCIENCES, INC. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS SEPTEMBER 30, 2018 and 2017 NOTE E – INTANGIBLE ASSETS The following table presents the estimated amortization expense of the intangible assets for each of the five succeeding years as of September 30, 2018: 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 Thereafter Total NOTE F – ACCOUNTS PAYABLE AND ACCRUED LIABILITIES Accounts payable and accrued liabilities at September 30, 2018 and 2017 are as follows: Accounts payable Accrued salaries payable Other accrued expenses Total NOTE G – SECURED CONVERTIBLE NOTES PAYABLE Amount $ 129,435 129,435 91,967 91,967 91,967 329,432 $ 864,203 2018 2017 500,849 $ 401,130 63,188 965,167 $ 382,984 446,012 115,137 944,133 $ $ On August 31, 2018, the Company entered into a securities purchase agreement (the “Purchase Agreement”) with accredited investors and certain members of its management team and Board of Directors (the “Purchaser”), pursuant to which the Company issued and sold an aggregate of $1,650,000 in principal amount of secured convertible notes (the “August 31st Notes”) bearing interest at a rate of 6% per annum. As part of the August 31st Notes, the Company’s management and members of the Board of Directors including the Chairman, President and Chief Executive Officer, purchased August 31st Notes with a principal amount of $1,185,000. The August 31st Notes are convertible, in whole or in part, at any time, at the option of the Purchasers, into shares of the Company’s Common Stock, in an amount determined by dividing the principal amount of each August 31st Note, together with any and all accrued and unpaid interest, by the conversion price of $2.50. The Company has the right to require the Purchasers to convert all or any part of their August 31st Notes into shares of its Common Stock at a conversion price of $2.50 if the price of the Common Stock remains at a closing price of $3.50 or more for a period of twenty consecutive trading days. Upon any Change in Control (as defined in the August 31st Notes), the Purchasers have the right to require the Company to redeem the August 31st Notes, in whole or in part, at a redemption price equal to such August 31st Notes’ outstanding principal balance plus accrued interest. The August 31st Notes contain certain events of default that are customarily included in financing of this nature. If an event of default occurs, the Purchasers may require the Company to redeem the August 31st Notes, in whole or in part, at a redemption price equal to such notes’ outstanding principal balance plus accrued interest. The August 31st Notes bear interest at the rate of 6% per annum, payable semi-annually in cash or in kind, at the Company’s option, and are due and payable in full on August 30, 2021. Until the principal and accrued but unpaid interest under the August 31st Notes is paid in full, or converted into shares of common stock pursuant to their terms, the Company’s obligations under the August 31st Notes will be secured by a lien on substantially all assets of the Company (excluding certain cash accounts) and the assets of APDN (B.V.I.) Inc. F-15 APPLIED DNA SCIENCES, INC. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS SEPTEMBER 30, 2018 and 2017 NOTE G – SECURED CONVERTIBLE NOTES PAYABLE, continued The Company has also entered into a registration rights agreement, dated as of the date of the Purchase Agreement (the “Registration Rights Agreement”), with the Purchasers, pursuant to which it has agreed to prepare and file a registration statement with the SEC to register under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”) resales from time to time of the Common Stock issued or issuable upon conversion or redemption of the Notes. The Company is required to file a registration statement within 60 days of receiving a demand registration request from holders of a majority of the outstanding principal balance of the Notes, and to cause the registration statement to be declared effective within 45 days (or 90 days if the registration statement is reviewed by the SEC). The Company recorded $64,848 to debt issuance costs based on the cost incurred to complete the financing. During the fiscal year ended September 30, 2018, the Company amortized $1,479 of debt issuance costs resulting in unamortized debt issuance costs of $63,369 and carrying value of $1,586,631 at September 30, 2018. The debt issuance cost will be amortized over the life of the Notes. During the fiscal year ended September 30, 2018, the Company incurred approximately $8,136 of interest expense and for the fiscal year ended September 30, 2018. The effective interest for the fiscal year ended September 30, 2018 was 7.4%. On November 29, 2018, the Company closed a securities purchase agreement with its chairman, president and chief executive officer and one member of the management team, pursuant to which the Company issued and sold an aggregate of $550,000 in principal amount of secured convertible notes bearing interest at a rate of 6% per annum (the “November 29th Notes”). The November 29th Notes are substantially similar to the Company’s August 31 Notes except with respect to maturity date. The November 29th Notes are secured on a pari passu basis with the same Company assets as the August 31 Notes. NOTE H – CAPITAL STOCK Common Stock Transactions during the Fiscal Year Ended September 30, 2018: On December 22, 2017, the Company entered into a securities purchase agreement with certain institutional investors for the purchase and sale of 2,735,000 shares of our common stock and warrants to purchase an aggregate of 2,735,000 shares of common stock in a registered direct offering with an aggregate gross proceeds of $4,786,250, at a combined purchase price of $1.75 per share. The warrants will be immediately exercisable at a price of $2.00 per share of common stock and will expire five years from the date of issuance. After deducting placement agent fees and other estimated expenses related to the registered direct offering, the aggregate net proceeds were approximately $4,200,000. The warrants will be exercisable for five years from the grant date, but not thereafter. The warrants include an adjustment provision that, subject to certain exceptions, reduces their exercise price if the Company issues Common Stock or Common Stock equivalents at a price lower than the then-current exercise price of the Purchase Warrants, subject to a minimum exercise price of $0.44. The exercise price and number of the shares of our Common Stock issuable upon the exercise of the warrants will be subject to adjustment as set forth therein (including for stock dividends and splits, reverse stock split, recapitalization, reorganization or similar transaction). In addition, if and only if there is no effective registration statement registering, or no current prospectus available for, the resale of the Purchase Warrants, the Purchasers may exercise the Purchase Warrants by means of a “cashless exercise.” F-16 APPLIED DNA SCIENCES, INC. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS SEPTEMBER 30, 2018 and 2017 NOTE H – CAPITAL STOCK, continued Common Stock Transactions during the Fiscal Year Ended September 30, 2017: On November 2, 2016, the Company entered into a securities purchase agreement with an institutional investor providing for the purchase of $5 million of common stock and warrants at a combined price of $2.20 per share of common stock and warrant (the “Private Placement”). In the Private Placement, the Company sold 2,272,727 shares of its common stock and warrants to purchase 2,272,727 shares of its common stock. The warrants have the same terms as the Company’s existing publicly traded warrants (APDNW) with an exercise price of $3.50 per share and an expiration date of November 20, 2019. The offering closed on November 7, 2016. The Company filed a registration statement providing for the resale of these securities on Form S-3 by December 7, 2016. Upon effectiveness of the registration statement, it is expected that the common stock and warrants issued in the Private Placement will be freely tradeable on The NASDAQ Capital Market under the symbols “APDN” and “APDNW”, respectively. The aggregate gross proceeds to the Company from the Private Placement were $5 million before deducting the placement agents’ fee and other offering expenses. In connection with the closing of this Private Placement, as partial compensation, on November 7, 2016, the Company granted warrants to purchase an aggregate of 68,182 shares of its common stock to the Company’s placement agents, Maxim Group LLC and Imperial Capital LLC (the “Placement Agent Warrants”) at an exercise price of $2.53 (115% of the public offering price), subject to adjustment as set forth therein (including for stock dividends and splits and certain other distributions and “Fundamental Transactions,” as defined therein). The Placement Agent Warrants will be exercisable beginning six months following the closing date of the Private Placement and terminate at 5:00 P.M. (Eastern Standard Time) on November 7, 2021. In addition, the Placement Agent Warrants provide for cashless exercise, which the Placement Agents may elect if there is no effective registration statement registering the resale of the shares issuable upon exercise of the Placement Agent Warrants. The number of shares of common stock that may be acquired by the Placement Agents upon any exercise of the Placement Agent Warrants (or otherwise in respect hereof) shall be limited to the extent necessary to insure that, following such exercise, the total number of shares of common stock then beneficially owned by the Placement Agent and its Affiliates (as defined therein) and any other Persons whose beneficial ownership of common stock would be aggregated with the Placement Agent pursuant to the Exchange Act, does not exceed 9.99% of the total number of issued and outstanding shares of common stock. On June 28, 2017 the Company entered into subscription agreements for a private placement of its common stock, with a group of investors, including a strategic investor which is also a key customer and intellectual property licensee of the Company as well as all of the Company’s executive officers and all members of the Board of Directors (the “June Private Placement”). As a result of the June Private Placement, the Company issued 1,025,574 shares of common stock at a price of $1.76 per share for total gross proceeds of $1,805,000. As part of the June Private Placement, the Company’s management and Board of Directors purchased 315,346 shares of common stock for gross proceeds of $555,000. The issuance of the Common Stock was exempt from the registration requirements of the Securities Act of 1933 pursuant to Section 4(a)(2) of such Securities Act and Regulation D promulgated thereunder and such Common Stock therefore is restricted. Each investor gave representations that he, she or it was an “accredited investor” (as defined under Rule 501 of Regulation D) and that he, she or it is purchasing such securities without a present view toward a distribution of the securities. In addition, there was no general solicitation conducted in connection with the offer and sale of the securities. NOTE I – STOCK OPTIONS AND WARRANTS Warrants Transactions involving warrants (see Note H) are summarized as follows: Balance at October 1, 2017 Granted Exercised Cancelled or expired Balance, September 30, 2018 F-17 Number of Shares Weighted Average Exercise Price Per Share 9,540,455 $ 2,735,000 (-) (66,928) 12,208,527 $ 3.60 2.00 (- ) (2.88) 3.24 APPLIED DNA SCIENCES, INC. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS SEPTEMBER 30, 2018 and 2017 NOTE I – STOCK OPTIONS AND WARRANTS, continued Stock Options In 2005, the Board of Directors and the holders of a majority of the outstanding shares of common stock approved the Incentive Plan. In 2007, 2008, 2012 and 2015, the Board of Directors and holders of a majority of the outstanding shares of common stock approved various increases in the number of shares of common stock that can be issued as stock awards and stock options thereunder to an aggregate of 8,333,333 shares and the number of shares of common stock that can be covered by awards made to any participant in any calendar year to 833,334 shares. The Incentive Plan’s expiration date is January 25, 2025. The Incentive Plan is designed to retain directors, executives, and selected employees and consultants by rewarding them for making contributions to our success with an award of options to purchase shares of common stock. As of September 30, 2018, a total of 275,752 shares have been issued and options to purchase 6,704,115 shares have been granted under the Incentive Plan. F-18 APPLIED DNA SCIENCES, INC. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS SEPTEMBER 30, 2018 and 2017 NOTE I – STOCK OPTIONS AND WARRANTS, continued Stock Options, continued Transactions involving stock options issued are summarized as follows: Outstanding at October 1, 2017 Granted Exercised Cancelled or expired Outstanding at September 30, 2018 Vested at September 30, 2018 Non-vested at September 30, 2018 Number of Shares Weighted Average Exercise Price Per Share Aggregate Intrinsic Value Weighted Average Contractual Life (years) 5,333,227 $ 2,188,141 - (1,338,154) 6,183,214 $ 5,392,896 790,318 3.71 2.00 - 3.58 3.13 3.31 $ $ 273,951 10,542 5.81 8.92 For the fiscal year ended September 30, 2018, the Company issued an aggregate of 2,188,141 (including award modifications of 666,667) options to employees, consultants, members of the strategic advisory board and non-employee board of director members. Included in these grants was 500,000 options granted to executives. For the fiscal year ended September 30, 2017, the Company issued 1,099,844 (including award modifications of 119,182 options) options to employees, consultants, members of the strategic advisory board and non-employee board of director members. Included in these grants was 280,000 options granted to executives and 5,000 performance based options issued to a consultant. These performance based options vest when a certain performance condition is met by the consultant. The fair value of options granted during the fiscal years ended September 30, 2018 and 2017 was determined using the Black Scholes Option Pricing Model. For the purposes of the valuation model, the Company used the simplified method for determining the granted options expected lives. The simplified method is used since the Company does not have adequate historical data to utilize in calculating the expected term of options. The fair value for options granted was calculated using the following weighted average assumptions: Stock price Exercise price Expected term Dividend yield Volatility Risk free rate $ $ 2018 2017 $ $ 1.31 2.00 4.42 - 86% 2.70% 2.11 2.31 5.38 - 111% 2.0% The Company recorded $1,356,351 and $3,257,305 as stock compensation expense within selling, general and administrative for fiscal years ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively. Included in this amount is $145,053 and $89,951 for the fiscal years ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively for employee stock option modifications. These modifications extended the term of the option for an employee in fiscal 2018 and extended the terms of the options for a former employee in fiscal 2017. As of September 30, 2018, unrecorded compensation cost related to non-vested awards was $619,060, which is expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of approximately 0.81 years. The weighted average grant date fair value per share for options granted during the fiscal years ended September 30, 2018 and 2017 was $0.75 and $1.58, respectively. F-19 APPLIED DNA SCIENCES, INC. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS SEPTEMBER 30, 2018 and 2017 NOTE J – INCOME TAXES The income tax provision (benefit) for the fiscal years ended September 30, 2018 and 2017 consists of the following: Federal: Current Deferred State and local: Current Deferred Change in valuation allowance Income tax provision (benefit) 2018 2017 $ - 4,430,000 4,430,000 - (4,303,000) (4,303,000) - (925,000) (925,000) - (376,000) (376,000) (3,505,000) 4,679,000 $ - - The provision for income taxes differs from the amount of income tax determined by applying the applicable U.S. statutory rate to losses before income tax expense for the years ended September 30, 2018 and 2017 as follows: Statutory federal income tax rate Statutory state and local income tax rate (1%, as of September 30, 2018 and 2017), net of federal benefit Stock based compensation Other permanent differences Impact of change in Federal statutory tax rate Change in valuation allowance Effective tax rate 2018 2017 24.28% 2.50% (2.29%) 4.24% (58.71%) 29.98% 0.00% 34.00% 1.62% (2.65%) 3.42% -% (36.39%) 0.00% Deferred income taxes result from temporary differences in the recognition of income and expenses for financial reporting purposes and for tax purposes. The tax effect of these temporary differences representing deferred tax asset and liabilities result principally from the following: Deferred tax assets (liabilities): Stock based compensation Depreciation and amortization Net operating loss carry forward Tax credits Other Less: valuation allowance Net deferred tax asset September 30, 2018 2017 $ $ 1,947,000 $ 339,000 13,248,000 944,000 69,000 (16,547,000) - $ 2,836,000 500,000 16,143,000 521,000 52,000 (20,052,000) - F-20 APPLIED DNA SCIENCES, INC. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS SEPTEMBER 30, 2018 and 2017 NOTE J– INCOME TAXES, continued As of September 30, 2018, the Company has approximately $53,619,000 of Federal and $73,236,000 of State net operating loss “NOL” carryforwards available which begin to expire after 2022. Pursuant to Internal Revenue Code Section 382, the Company’s ability to utilize the NOLs is subject to certain limitations due to changes in stock ownership in prior years. The annual limitation ranges between $786,000 and $1,103,000 and any unused amounts can be carried forward to subsequent years. The Company has provided a full valuation allowance against all of the net deferred tax assets based on management’s determination that it is more likely than not that the net deferred tax assets will not be realized in the future. The valuation allowance decreased by $3,505,000. Additionally, deferred tax asset at September 30, 2017 has been revised as follows: deferred tax asset related to amortization of debt discounts is decreased by $16,311,000; the valuation allowance decreased by $16,311,000, completely offsetting the increase in the deferred tax assets. The revision resulted in no change to the net tax provision of the Company as of September 30, 2017 and for the fiscal year ended. The Company has Federal research and development credits of approximately $597,000 that will begin to expire after 2034. The Company also has state investment tax credits of $340,000 that will begin to expire after 2029. NOTE K – COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES Operating leases The Company leases office space under an operating lease in Stony Brook, New York for its corporate headquarters. The lease is for a 30,000 square foot building. The term of the lease commenced on June 15, 2013 and expired on May 31, 2017, with the option to extend the lease for two additional three-year periods. The Company has exercised its option to extend the lease for one additional three-year period ending May 31, 2018. The base rent during the additional three-year period is $458,098 per annum. In addition to the office space, the Company also has 1,500 square feet of laboratory space. The term of the lease commenced on November 1, 2015 and expired on October 31, 2018, with a month to month agreement thereafter. Effective November 20, 2018, the Company renewed this lease for one additional year, ending October 31, 2018. The Company set up a satellite testing facility in Ahmedabad, India during fiscal 2018. On November 17, 2017, it leased 1,108 square feet for a three-year term beginning November 1, 2017. The base rent is approximately $6,500 per annum. Total rent expense for the fiscal years ended September 30, 2018 and 2017 were $528,234 and $552,240, respectively. Future minimum rental payments (excluding real estate tax and maintenance costs) as of September 30, 2018 are as follows: For the fiscal year ending September 30, 2019 2020 2021 Total Employment and Consulting Agreements Employment agreements $ $ 316,457 7,104 595 324,156 On July 11, 2011, the Company’s Board of Directors approved the terms of employment for Dr. James A. Hayward, the Company’s Chief Executive Officer (“CEO”). The CEO’s employment agreement provides that he will be the Company’s CEO, and will continue to serve on the Company’s Board of Directors. On July 28, 2017, a new employment agreement was entered into with the CEO effective July 1, 2017. The initial term was from July 1, 2017 through June 30, 2018, with automatic one-year renewal periods. As of June 30, 2018, the employment contract renewed for an additional year. Under the new agreement, the CEO will be eligible for a special cash incentive bonus of up to $800,000, $300,000 of which is payable if and when annual revenue reaches $8 million and $100,000 of which would be payable for each $2 million of annual revenue in excess of $8 million. Pursuant to the contract, the CEO’s annual salary is $400,000. The Board of Directors, acting in its discretion, may grant annual bonuses to the CEO. The CEO will be entitled to certain benefits and perquisites and will be eligible to participate in retirement, welfare and incentive plans available to the Company’s other employees. F-21 APPLIED DNA SCIENCES, INC. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS SEPTEMBER 30, 2018 and 2017 NOTE K – COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES, continued The agreement with the CEO also provides that if he is terminated before the end of the initial or a renewal term by the Company without cause or if the CEO terminates his employment for good reason, then, in addition to previously earned and unpaid salary, bonus and benefits, and subject to the delivery of a general release and continuing compliance with restrictive covenants, the CEO will be entitled to receive a pro rata portion of the greater of either (X) the annual bonus he would have received if employment had continued through the end of the year of termination or (Y) the prior year’s bonus; salary continuation payments for two years following termination equal to the greater of (i) three times base salary or (ii) two times base salary plus bonus; company-paid COBRA continuation coverage for 18 months post-termination; continuing life insurance benefits (if any) for two years; and extended exercisability of outstanding vested options (for three years from termination date or, if earlier, the expiration of the fixed option term). If termination of employment as described above occurs within six months before or two years after a change in control of the Company, then, in addition to the above payments and benefits, all of the CEO’s outstanding options and other equity incentive awards will become fully vested and the CEO will receive a lump sum payment of the amounts that would otherwise be paid as salary continuation. In general, a change in control will include a 30% or more change in ownership of the Company. Upon termination due to death or disability, the CEO will generally be entitled to receive the same payments and benefits he would have received if his employment had been terminated by the Company without cause (as described in the preceding paragraph), other than salary continuation payments. Effective May 7, 2016, the CEO’s annual salary was voluntarily reduced by $100,000. Effective May 20, 2017, the CEO’s annual salary was voluntarily reduced by an additional $50,000. Accordingly, his current annual base salary as of September 30, 2018 is $250,000. Effective March 15, 2018, the Compensation Committee of the Company’s Board of Directors, approved a bonus of $118,750 that would be payable to the CEO when the Company reaches $3,000,000 in revenues for two consecutive quarters or $12,000,000 in revenues for a fiscal year, provided that the CEO is still employed by the Company on such date (the “Revenue Bonus”). Effective May 2, 2018, the Compensation Committee of the Company’s Board of Directors, increased the amount of the Revenue Bonus to $395,708. The accrual for the Revenue Bonus of $360,125 is recorded to long term accrued liabilities on the balance sheet as of September 30, 2018. Litigation From time to time, the Company may become involved in various lawsuits and legal proceedings which arise in the ordinary course of business. When the Company is aware of a claim or potential claim, it assesses the likelihood of any loss or exposure. If it is probable that a loss will result and the amount of the loss can be reasonably estimated, the Company will record a liability for the loss. In addition to the estimated loss, the recorded liability includes probable and estimable legal costs associated with the claim or potential claim. Litigation is subject to inherent uncertainties, and an adverse result in these or other matters may arise from time to time that may harm the Company’s business. There is no pending litigation involving the Company at this time. NOTE L – GEOGRAPHIC AREA INFORMATION Net revenues by geographic location of customers are as follows: Americas Europe Asia and other Total F-22 Year Ended September 30, 2017 2018 2,141,169 $ 1,004,452 757,722 3,903,343 $ 3,485,691 1,055,125 210,444 4,751,260 $ $ COLLATERAL AGENCY AGREEMENT Exhibit 10.39 THIS COLLATERAL AGENCY AGREEMENT (this “ Agreement”) is made effective as of October 19, 2018, between DELAWARE TRUST COMPANY, a Delaware corporation (the “Collateral Agent”), APPLIED DNA SCIENCES, INC., a Delaware corporation (the “Issuer”), APDN (B.V.I.) INC., a corporation organized under the laws of the British Virgin Islands (“APDN (B.V.I.”), collectively with the Issuer, the “Debtors”), and each of the investors listed on Schedule 1 attached hereto (each a “Buyer” and collectively, the “Buyers”). WITNESSETH: WHEREAS, the Borrower and the Buyers are parties to that certain Securities Purchase Agreement dated as of August 31, 2018 (the “ Securities Purchase Agreement”) and certain other agreements, documents and instruments executed and delivered in connection therewith (together with the Securities Purchase Agreement and this Agreement, collectively, the “Transaction Documents”), pursuant to which the Grantor shall be required to sell, and the Buyers shall purchase or have rights to purchase, on a several and not joint basis, the principal amount of the Notes issued pursuant thereto (as such Notes may be amended, amended and restated, supplemented or otherwise modified from time to time, the “Notes”). WHEREAS, the obligations of the Debtors under the Transaction Documents, including all fees, commissions, expense reimbursements, indemnifications and all other amounts due or to become due under this Agreement, are secured by all of the Debtors’ existing and future personal property (the “ Collateral”) as more fully described in (i) the Security Agreement and the Guaranty and Security Agreement, each dated as of the date hereof by each Debtor in favor of the Collateral Agent (collectively, the “ Security Agreements”; capitalized terms used but not otherwise defined herein shall have the meanings assigned thereto in the Security Agreements) and (ii) the Intellectual Property Security Agreement(s) by Debtors in favor of the Collateral Agent (collectively with the Security Agreements, the “Collateral Documents”). WHEREAS, for the orderly administration of the Collateral, the Buyers desire to utilize and appoint the Collateral Agent, and the Collateral Agent has agreed to accept such appointment, as the Buyers’ representative and agent under the Collateral Documents to take certain actions from time to time in connection with the Collateral, all upon the terms and subject to the conditions set forth herein. NOW, THEREFORE, in consideration of the premises set forth herein and for other good and valuable consideration, the parties hereto agree as follows: Section 1. Appointment of Collateral Agent; Financing Statements. (a) Notwithstanding anything to the contrary in the other Transaction Documents to the contrary, including but not limited to Section 4(d) of the Securities Purchase Agreement, on the terms and subject to the conditions set forth herein, each Buyer hereby appoints the Collateral Agent, and the Collateral Agent hereby accepts such appointment, to (i) serve as the Secured Parties’ representative and agent for purposes of filing financing statements against each Debtor with respect to the Collateral, including by listing the Collateral Agent as secured party of record thereon (as such term is used in the UCC), and the Collateral Agent agrees that, in such capacity, the Collateral Agent shall be the representative of the Secured Parties for purposes of satisfying the requirements of Section 9-502(a)(2) of the UCC, whether or not the Collateral Agent is indicated in any such financing statement as acting in its capacity as a representative and agent of the Secured Parties (as contemplated under Section 9-503(d) of the UCC), (ii) serve as the Secured Parties’ representative and agent for purposes of satisfying the requirements of Section 9.104(a)(3) of the UCC, and (iii) take such other action or actions as the Collateral Agent may be directed in writing from time to time by the Buyers to create, perfect, preserve or maintain the Secured Parties’ security interest in the Collateral or enforce any and all rights and remedies, in whole or in part, available to the Secured Parties under the Collateral Documents with respect to the Collateral. In furtherance of the foregoing, the Collateral Agent hereby agrees to promptly take any other action (x) required or directed in writing by the Buyers from time to time in order to maintain the perfection of, and preserve or protect, the Secured Parties’ security interests in the Collateral, (y) necessary in any bankruptcy or insolvency proceeding with respect to any Debtor to evidence the appointment of the Collateral Agent hereunder and the perfection, preservation and maintenance of the Collateral in favor of the Secured Parties or (z) permitted or required to be taken by a secured party of record under the UCC and directed in writing by the Buyers from time to time in order to carry out more effectively the purposes of this Agreement. (b) The Collateral Agent further agrees that (i) the Buyers shall, and are hereby authorized to, file all initial financing statements against each Debtor with respect to the Collateral, which financing statements shall list the Collateral Agent as secured party of record thereon, and (ii) it will not amend, nor will it consent the amendment of, any financing statements filed against any Debtor with respect to the Collateral without the prior written consent of the Buyers (not to be unreasonably withheld, conditioned or delayed). (c) The Collateral Agent shall have no liability under, and no duty to inquire as to the provisions of, any agreement other than this Agreement and the Collateral Documents (provided that in the case of any conflict between this Agreement and the Collateral Documents or any other Transaction Document, the terms of this Agreement shall control). The Collateral Agent may rely upon, and shall not be liable for acting or refraining from acting upon, any written notice, instruction or request furnished to it hereunder and reasonably believed by it to be genuine and to have been signed or presented by the proper party or parties except to the extent directly or indirectly caused by the gross negligence or willful misconduct of the Collateral Agent, as finally adjudicated by a court of competent jurisdiction, or the Collateral Agent’s taking of any action in violation of this Agreement. The Collateral Agent shall be under no duty to inquire into or investigate the validity, accuracy or content of any such document. The Collateral Agent shall not be liable for any action taken or omitted by it in good faith except to the extent directly or indirectly caused by the gross negligence or willful misconduct of the Collateral Agent, as finally adjudicated by a court of competent jurisdiction, or the Collateral Agent’s taking of any action in violation of this Agreement. The Collateral Agent shall have no liability for assets lost or damaged while being delivered to the Collateral Agent except to the extent directly or indirectly caused by the gross negligence or willful misconduct of the Collateral Agent, as finally adjudicated by a court of competent jurisdiction, or the Collateral Agent’s taking of any action in violation of this Agreement. The Collateral Agent may execute any of its powers and perform any of its duties hereunder directly or through agents or attorneys and may consult with counsel, accountants and other skilled persons to be selected and retained by it. Anything in this Agreement to the contrary notwithstanding, in no event shall the Collateral Agent be liable for special, indirect or consequential loss or damage of any kind whatsoever (including but not limited to lost profits), even if the Collateral Agent has been advised of the likelihood of such loss or damage and regardless of the form of action. (d) The provisions of this Section 1 and Section 7 below are solely for the benefit of the Buyers and the Collateral Agent, and the Debtors shall not have any rights as third party beneficiaries or otherwise of any of the provisions hereof. In performing its functions and duties under the this Agreement and the Collateral Documents, the Collateral Agent shall act solely as an agent of the Secured Parties and does not assume, and shall not be deemed to have assumed, any obligation towards or relationship of agency or trust with the Debtors. Notwithstanding any other provisions hereof or of any provision of the Collateral Documents, the Collateral Agent shall not have or be deemed to have any fiduciary relationship with the Buyers, the Debtors or any other person or entity, and no implied covenants, functions, responsibilities, duties, obligations or liabilities shall be read into this Agreement or the Collateral Documents or otherwise exist against the Collateral Agent. Without limiting the generality of the foregoing sentence, the use of the term “agent” in this Agreement or the Collateral Documents with reference to the Collateral Agent is not intended to connote any fiduciary or other implied (or express) obligations arising under agency doctrine of any applicable law. Section 2. Notice by Collateral Agent of Certain Events; Continuation Statements. (a) The Collateral Agent shall not be deemed to have knowledge or notice of the occurrence of any default unless the Collateral Agent has received a copy of a notice thereof from a Buyer referring to this Agreement and describing such default. (b) The Collateral Agent shall promptly notify the Buyers in writing whenever the Collateral Agent receives notice, including any notices received under or in connection with the UCC, that (i) any security interest (other than the security interests of the Buyers under the Collateral Documents) has been placed, or attempted to be placed, on any Collateral, including any inquiries in respect of any financing statements listing the Collateral Agent as secured party of record thereunder, or (ii) the attachment or perfection of Buyers’ security interest in the Collateral shall have been challenged. The Collateral Agent shall also promptly notify the Buyers in writing that any financing statement filed against any Debtor with respect to the Collateral which lists the Collateral Agent as secured party of record thereon (each, an “Expiring Financing Statement”) shall be expiring, and such notice shall be provided by the Collateral Agent no earlier than six months and no later than three months prior to each such expiration (each, an “Expiration Notice”). If the Collateral Agent shall not have received further instruction from the Buyers within 10 business days following the date on which the Collateral Agent sent an Expiration Notice with respect to an Expiring Financing Statement, the Collateral Agent shall be, and hereby is, authorized to file, in the appropriate filing office, a continuation statement with respect to such Expiring Financing Statement and shall provide evidence of the same to the Buyers. Section 3. Representations and Warranties. Each party hereto hereby represents and warrants to the other parties hereto as of the date hereof that: (a) it is duly organized, validly existing and in good standing under the laws of its jurisdiction of organization; (b) it has the full power and authority to execute, deliver and perform this Agreement and has taken all necessary action to authorize the execution, delivery and performance by it of this Agreement; (c) the execution, delivery and performance by it of this Agreement does not violate any provision of its corporate governance documents; and (d) this Agreement has been duly authorized, executed and delivered by it and constitutes its legal, valid and binding agreement, enforceable in accordance with its terms, except as enforceability may be limited by bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization or other similar laws affecting the enforcement of creditors’ rights generally and by general principles of equity. Section 4. Term; Termination . This Agreement shall remain in full force and effect until its termination in accordance with this Section 4. The Buyers (by a vote of the majority of the holders of a majority of the outstanding principal of the Notes) may, in their sole discretion, terminate this Agreement and remove the Collateral Agent from its appointment hereunder at any time by giving the Collateral Agent and the Debtors at least thirty (30) days’ prior written notice. The Collateral Agent may terminate this Agreement, and resign from its appointment hereunder, by giving the Buyers at least thirty (30) days’ prior written notice. If the Collateral Agent at any time shall resign, the Buyers shall (by a vote of the holders of a majority of the outstanding principal of the Notes), within ten (10) days after such notice, appoint a successor Collateral Agent which shall thereupon become the Collateral Agent hereunder and under the Security Document. If no successor Collateral Agent shall have been so appointed, and shall have accepted such appointment, within the above time frame the retiring Collateral Agent may (but shall not be obligated to) appoint a successor. Upon the acceptance of any appointment as Collateral Agent hereunder by a successor Collateral Agent, such successor Collateral Agent shall be entitled to receive from the retiring Collateral Agent such documents of transfer and assignment as such successor Collateral Agent may reasonably request, and shall thereupon succeed to and become vested with all rights, powers, privileges and duties of the retiring Collateral Agent. Regardless of whether any such successor has been appointed and accepted such appointment, the resigning Collateral Agent shall be discharged from its duties and obligations under this Agreement following the expiration of such thirty (30) day notice period. After the effective date of any retiring Collateral Agent’s resignation hereunder as collateral agent, the provisions of this Agreement shall inure to its benefit as to any actions taken or omitted to be taken by it while it was Collateral Agent under this Agreement. Section 5. Fees. The Debtors jointly and severally agree to pay to the Collateral Agent, upon execution of this Agreement and from time to time thereafter, reasonable compensation for the services to be rendered hereunder, which, unless otherwise agreed in writing, shall be as described on Schedule 2 attached hereto. In addition, all reasonable and documented out-of-pocket expenses, fees and disbursements (including reasonable and documented attorneys’ fees and expenses, court costs and related expenses) in connection with (a) the negotiation and administration of this Agreement and (b) the enforcement or protection of its rights in connection with this Agreement and the Collateral Documents (including any expenses incurred as a result of any workout, restructuring or negotiations), shall be billed to the Debtors and payable promptly on demand. Section 6. Indemnity. The Debtors jointly and severally agree to indemnify, defend and hold harmless the Collateral Agent and its directors, officers, agents and employees (collectively, the “Indemnified Parties”) from all loss, liability or expense (including attorneys’ fees and expenses, court costs and other expenses) arising out of or in connection with the Collateral Agent’s execution and performance of this Agreement, including any Indemnified Party’s following of any instructions or other directions from the Buyers with respect to the appointment of the Collateral Agent under this Agreement, except, in each case, to the extent that such loss, liability or expense is due to the gross negligence or willful misconduct of any Indemnified Party, as finally adjudicated by a court of competent jurisdiction, or any Indemnified Party’s taking of any action in violation of this Agreement. The parties hereto acknowledge that the foregoing indemnities shall survive the termination of this Agreement. Section 7. Concerning the Collateral Agent. (a) Each Buyer acknowledges and agrees that (i) the duties, responsibilities and obligations of the Collateral Agent shall be limited to those expressly set forth in this Agreement and no duties, responsibilities or obligations shall be inferred or implied, (ii) the Collateral Agent shall not be responsible for any of the agreements referred to or described herein, or for determining or compelling compliance therewith, and shall not otherwise be bound thereby, except, in each case, the Collateral Documents, (iii) the Collateral Agent shall not be required to expend or risk any of its own funds or otherwise incur any financial or other liability in the performance of any of its duties hereunder, and (iv) the Collateral Agent shall not be obligated to take any legal or other action hereunder which might in its judgment involve or cause it to incur any expense or additional liability unless it shall have been furnished with indemnification and security which it deems, in its sole, reasonable and absolute discretion, to be satisfactory. Except as expressly set forth herein, the Buyers shall have and retain the sole power and authority to exercise any and all powers and rights with respect to the Collateral. (b) The Collateral Agent shall be under no duty to afford the assets in the Collateral any greater degree of care than it gives its own similar property. The Collateral Agent shall not be liable for any damage, loss or injury resulting from any action taken or omitted in the absence of gross negligence or willful misconduct, as finally adjudicated by a court of competent jurisdiction, or the Collateral Agent’s taking of any action in violation of this Agreement. (c) Notwithstanding any other provision of the Agreement, the Collateral Agent shall not be liable (i) for any indirect, incidental, consequential, punitive or special losses or damages, regardless of the form of action and whether or not any such losses or damages were foreseeable or contemplated, or (ii) for the acts or omissions of any nominees, correspondents, designees, agents, subagents or sub-custodians. (d) All instructions, directions and notices to the Collateral Agent under this Agreement shall be delivered to the Collateral Agent in writing. In the event the Collateral Agent receives conflicting instructions hereunder or under any of the Collateral Documents, the Collateral Agent shall be fully protected in refraining from acting until such conflict is resolved to the satisfaction of the Collateral Agent. (e) Notwithstanding anything else to the contrary herein or in any other agreement (including the Transaction Documents), any reference to any discretionary action by, consent, designation, specification, requirement or approval of, notice, request or other communication from, or other direction given or action to be undertaken or to be (or not to be) suffered or omitted by the Collateral Agent or to any election, decision, opinion, acceptance, use of judgment, expression of satisfaction or other exercise of discretion, rights or remedies to be made (or not to be made) by the Collateral Agent, it is understood that in all cases the Collateral Agent shall be fully justified in failing or refusing to take any such action if it shall not have received such written instruction, direction, advice or concurrence of the Buyers as it deems appropriate. This provision is intended solely for the benefit of the Collateral Agent and its successors and assigns and is not intended to and will not entitle the other parties hereto to any defense, claim or counterclaim, or confer any rights or benefits on any party hereto. (f) The Collateral Agent acknowledges that it has, independently and without reliance upon the Buyers, and based on such documents and information as it has deemed appropriate, made its own credit analysis and decision to enter into to this Agreement and the Collateral Documents. The Collateral Agent also acknowledges that it will, independently and without reliance upon the Buyers, and based on such documents and information as it shall from time to time deem appropriate, make its own credit analysis and decision as to whether it will continue to be party to this Agreement and the Collateral Documents. (g) Unless otherwise provided in this Agreement, wherever this Agreement or the Collateral Documents requires or provides for the consent, direction, instructions or waiver of the Collateral Agent or for an act or thing to be done in a manner or to be satisfactory to the Collateral Agent, the Collateral Agent shall act hereunder and thereunder with the written consent of or under the written instructions or written direction of the Buyers. (h) The Collateral Agent may act in reliance upon any writing or instrument or signature which it, in good faith, believes to be genuine, and may assume the validity and accuracy of any statement or assertion contained in such a writing or instrument and may assume that any person or entity purporting to give any writing, notice, advice or instruction in connection with the provisions hereof has been duly authorized to do so. The Collateral Agent may consult with counsel and shall be entitled to act, and shall be fully protected in any action taken in good faith, in accordance with advice given by counsel. The Collateral Agent shall not be liable to the Debtors or the Buyers for any recitals or warranties herein or in the Collateral Documents, nor for the effectiveness, enforceability, validity or due execution of the Collateral Documents or any other agreement, document or instrument, nor to make any inquiry respecting the performance by any party of their respective obligations thereunder. Any such inquiry which may be made by the Collateral Agent shall not obligate it to make any further inquiry or to take any action. Section 8. Collateral Proceeds. (a) Except as provided by law, the security interests in the Collateral shall be for the ratable benefit of the Secured Parties, shall rank equally in priority, none being senior or subordinate to any other. No Secured Party shall contest the validity, perfection, priority or enforceability of the lien of any other Secured Party in the Collateral. Each Buyer, by its acceptance of the benefits hereof, agrees that it shall have no right individually to realize upon any of the Collateral under the Transaction Documents, pursuant to applicable law or otherwise. (b) Any payment or distribution of assets of any Debtor of any kind or character, whether in cash, property or securities, to creditors upon any dissolution or winding- up or total or partial liquidation or reorganization of any Debtor, whether voluntary or involuntary or in bankruptcy, insolvency, receivership or other proceedings (each such payment, distribution and/or amount, together with any other amounts or proceeds of Collateral, is hereafter referred to as “Collateral Proceeds”) received by any Secured Party shall be held in trust for the benefit of all of Secured Parties and shall be immediately delivered to the Collateral Agent in the amount and form received. All Collateral Proceeds shall be apportioned, paid over or delivered by the Collateral Agent as follows: first, to the Collateral Agent for the payment or reimbursement of any expenses and fees of, or any other amount payable to, the Collateral Agent hereunder or under the Transaction Documents, and next, among the Buyers on a pro rata basis to each in accordance with the outstanding Secured Obligations to each of the Buyers. Section 9. Miscellaneous. ( a ) Governing Law. This Agreement shall be governed by and construed according to the laws of the State of New York, without regard to principles of conflicts of laws. ( b ) Severability. In the event that any condition, covenant or other provision contained herein is held by a court of competent jurisdiction to be invalid or void, the same shall be deemed severable from the remainder of this Agreement and shall in no way affect any other covenant, condition or provision contained herein. If such condition, covenant or other provision shall be deemed invalid due to its scope or breadth, such shall be deemed valid to the extent of the scope or breadth permitted by law. (c) Entire Agreement; No Modification. This Agreement constitutes the entire agreement among the parties pertaining to the subject matter hereof, and supersedes all prior agreements and understandings pertaining thereto. No modification or amendment of this Agreement shall be effective except by a written instrument signed by all parties hereto. (d ) Successors and Assigns . This Agreement shall be binding upon the permitted successors and assigns of the parties hereto. The Collateral Agent shall not have the right to assign its rights hereunder without the prior written consent of the Buyers, except that any corporation or association into which the Collateral Agent may be merged or converted, or with which it may be consolidated, shall become the “Collateral Agent” hereunder so long as the Collateral Agent provides advance written notice to the Buyers at least 10 business days prior to such merger, conversion or consolidation. ( e ) Counterparts; Electronic Signature. This Agreement may be executed in one or more counterparts and by facsimile or other electronic signature, each of which counterparts when so executed shall be deemed to be an original, and all of which together shall constitute one and the same agreement. ( f ) Jury Trial Waiver. EACH PARTY HERETO, TO THE EXTENT PERMITTED BY LAW, HEREBY WAIVES ANY RIGHT TO HAVE A JURY PARTICIPATE IN RESOLVING ANY DISPUTE, WHETHER SOUNDING IN CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING OUT OF, IN CONNECTION WITH, RELATED TO, OR INCIDENTAL TO THIS AGREEMENT OR ANY OTHER INSTRUMENT, DOCUMENT OR AGREEMENT EXECUTED OR DELIVERED IN CONNECTION HEREWITH OR THE TRANSACTIONS RELATED THERETO. (g) Confidentiality. Each party hereto agrees that the existence and contents of this Agreement, all other information and documents provided to the Collateral Agent in connection herewith, and the existence of the relationship between the Buyers and the Collateral Agent, and any services provided by the Collateral Agent in connection therewith, are and shall remain confidential and shall not be disclosed to any third party, except for such information (i) as may become generally available to the public by filing of UCC-1 financing statements or otherwise, (ii) as may be required or appropriate in response to any summons, subpoena, or otherwise in connection with any litigation, arbitration, administrative or similar proceeding, or to comply with any applicable law, order, regulation, ruling, request from governmental regulators, and provided that, if possible, notice of such disclosure is provided to the other party prior thereto, (iii) as may be obtained from a non-confidential source that disclosed such information in a manner that did not violate its obligations to the other party in making such disclosure, or (iv) as may be furnished to that party’s affiliates, or its affiliates’ auditors, attorneys, advisors, lenders and credit rating agencies which are required to keep the information that is disclosed in confidence. Without limiting the foregoing, upon the Collateral Agent’s receipt of an inquiry from a third party regarding any financing statements of record against any Debtor with respect to the Collateral listing the Collateral Agent as secured party of record thereon, the Collateral Agent shall promptly provide notice of the same to the Buyers, and shall only respond to such inquiry in accordance with instructions provided by the Buyers. (h) Notices. All notices hereunder shall be in writing and delivered to each party at the address set forth for such party on the signature pages hereto. ( i ) Conflicts. In the case of any conflict between this Agreement and any other Transaction Document, including but not limited to Section 4(d) of the Securities Purchase Agreement, the terms of this Agreement shall control. Section 10. Extension and Post-Closing Obligation. (a) Extension. The Buyers and the Company hereby agree to extend all delivery dates set forth in the Securities Purchase Agreement for the granting of liens securing of the Notes and the perfection of the security interests contemplated therein for completion within a period of thirty (30) days from the date hereof, as such period may be extended by the Collateral Agent, in its reasonable discretion; provided, however, that, all of the Buyers may agree in writing to instruct the Collateral Agent not to perfect its security interest, for the benefit of the Secured Parties, in certain types of Collateral if, in the reasonable judgment of all the Buyers, the expense or process for achieving such perfection is determined to be unduly burdensome. ( b ) Post-closing Obligation. The Issuer hereby agrees to deliver to the Collateral Agent a certificate of good standing issued by the appropriate authority under the laws of the British Virgin Islands, in substance reasonably satisfactory to the Collateral Agent, by no later than thirty (30) days after the date hereof, as such period may be extended by the Collateral Agent, in its reasonable discretion. [Signature page to follow] IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties have executed and delivered this Agreement to be effective as of the date first above stated. COLLATERAL AGENT: DELAWARE TRUST COMPANY By: Print Name: Title: /s/ Alan R. Halpern Alan R. Halpern Vice President Address for notices: Delaware Trust Company 251 Little Falls Dr. Wilmington, DE 19808 Attention: Corporate Trust Administration Fax: 302-636-8666 E-mail: trust@delawaretrust.com with a copy to: Miles & Stockbridge, P.C. 1500 K Street, NW, Suite 800 Washington, DC 20005 Attention: Abbey M. Ruby E-mail: aruby@milesstockbridge.com BUYERS: By: /s/ James A. Hayward Print Name: James A. Hayward By: /s/ Judith Murrah Print Name: Judith Murrah By: /s/ Yavoc Shamash Print Name: Yavoc Shamash By: /s/ Robert Catell Print Name: Robert Catell By: /s/ Elizabeth Schmalz Ferguson Print Name: Elizabeth Schmalz Ferguson By: /s/ Gregg Baldwin Print Name: Gregg Baldwin By: /s/ William Montgomery Print Name: William Montgomery By: /s/ Johnette van Eeden Print Name: Johnette van Eeden By: /s/ John Cartier Print Name: John Cartier BUYERS (continued) Delabarta II By: /s/ John F. Bitzer III Print Name: John F. Bitzer III Title: President The Rodgers Living Trust Dated April 7, 1995 By: /s/ Jay D. Rodgers Print Name: Jay D. Rodgers Title: Trustee Addresses for Notices: See Schedule 1 attached hereto DEBTORS: APPLIED DNA SCIENCES, INC. By: /s/ Beth Jantzen Print Name: Beth Jantzen, CPA Title: Chief Financial Officer APDN (B.V.I.) INC. By: /s/ James A. Hayward Print Name: James A. Hayward Title: Authorized Signatory Address for notices: 50 Health Sciences Drive Stony Brook, NY 11790 Attn: Beth Jantzen, CPA Facsimile: 631-240-8900 with a copy to: Pepper Hamilton LLP The New York Times Building 37th Floor 620 Eighth Avenue New York, NY 10018-1405 Attention: Merrill M. Kraines E-mail: krainesm@pepperlaw.com Buyer James A. Hayward Judith Murrah Delabarta II Yavoc Shamash Robert Catell Elizabeth Schmalz Ferguson The Rodgers Living Trust Dated April 7, 1995 Gregg Baldwin William Montgomery Johnette van Eeden John Cartier SCHEDULE 1 SCHEDULE OF BUYERS Address for Notices 1 Emmet Drive, Stony Brook, NY 11790 8 Old Post Lane, Saint James, NY 11780 c/o Delaware Corporate Management, 1105 North Market Street, Suite 1300, Wilmington, DE 19801 7 Quaker Hill Road, Stony Brook, NY 11790 62 Osborne Road, Garden City, NY 11530 101 Jersey Avenue, Spring Lake, NJ 07762 1277 Porter Road, Flower Mound, TX 75022 3391 Ichabod Way, The Villages, FL 32163 34211 Seavey Loop Road, Eugene, OR 97405 451 Westpark Way, Suite 5, Euless, TX 76040 P.O. Box East Hampton, NY 11937 Initial Set Up Fee: $2,500, payable upon execution of this Agreement (which fee shall be fully earned and non-refundable upon payment) Annual Fee: $7,500, payable annually in advance on the date of this Agreement and on each anniversary of the date of this Agreement (which fee shall be fully earned and non- refundable upon payment) SCHEDULE 2 FEE SCHEDULE Exhibit 10.40 EXECUTION VERSION SECURITY AGREEMENT dated October 19, 2018 by the Grantor referred to herein as Grantor to Delaware Trust Company as Collateral Agent TABLE OF CONTENTS PAGE Section 1. Section 2. Section 3. Section 4. Section 5. Section 6. Section 7. Section 8. Section 9. Grant of Security Security for Obligations Grantor Remains Liable Delivery and Control of Security Collateral. Maintaining the Account Collateral Representations and Warranties Further Assurances. As to Equipment and Inventory. As to Books and Records. Section 10. Insurance. Section 11. Post-Closing Changes; Collections on Assigned Agreements, Receivables and Related Contracts. Section 12. As to Intellectual Property Collateral. Section 13. Voting Rights; Dividends; Etc. Section 14. As to Letter-of-Credit Rights. Section 15. Commercial Tort Claims Section 16. Transfers and Other Liens; Additional Shares. Section 17. Collateral Agent Appointed Attorney in Fact Section 18. Collateral Agent May Perform Section 19. The Collateral Agent’s Duties. Section 20. Remedies Section 21. Indemnity and Expenses. Section 22. Amendments; Waivers; Additional Grantors; Etc. Section 23. Notices, Etc. 2 5 6 6 7 7 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 15 15 15 16 16 17 19 19 19 Section 24. Continuing Security Interest Section 25. Release; Termination. Section 26. Execution in Counterparts Section 27. Governing Law; Jurisdiction; Waiver of Jury Trial, Etc. 20 20 20 21 Schedules: Schedule I Schedule II Schedule III Schedule IV Schedule V Schedule VI Schedule VII Schedule VIII Schedule IX Schedule X Schedule XI Exhibits: Exhibit A Exhibit B - - - - - - - - - - - - Investment Property Deposit Accounts Assigned Agreements Intellectual Property Commercial Tort Claims Location, Chief Executive Office, Type of Organization, Jurisdiction of Organization and Organizational Identification Number Changes in Name, Location, Etc. Locations of Equipment, Inventory and Books and Records Letters of Credit Permitted Liens Excluded Assets Form of Intellectual Property Security Agreement Form of IP Security Agreement Supplement SECURITY AGREEMENT SECURITY AGREEMENT (as amended, supplemented, amended and restated or otherwise modified from time to time, this “Agreement”) dated October 19, 2018 made by APPLIED DNA SCIENCES, INC., a Delaware corporation with headquarters located at 50 Health Sciences Drive, Stony Brook, New York 11790 (the “ Grantor”), in favor of DELAWARE TRUST COMPANY, a Delaware corporation, as collateral agent (together with any successor collateral agent, in such capacity, the “Collateral Agent”) for the benefit of the investors listed on the Schedule of Buyers (each a “Buyer” and collectively, the “Buyers”; the Buyers and the Collateral Agent are collectively, with their successors and assigns, the “Secured Parties”)) set forth in the Securities Purchase Agreement, dated as of August 31, 2018 (as amended, amended and restated, supplemented or otherwise modified from time to time) and the other Secured Parties (the “Securities Purchase Agreement”). PRELIMINARY STATEMENTS. WHEREAS, the Grantor and each Buyer are parties to the Securities Purchase Agreement, pursuant to which the Grantor shall be required to sell, and the Buyers shall purchase or have rights to purchase, on a several and not joint basis the principal amount of the Notes issued pursuant thereto (as such Notes may be amended, amended and restated, supplemented or otherwise modified from time to time, the “Notes”); and WHEREAS, it is a condition precedent to the Buyers purchasing the Notes pursuant to the Securities Purchase Agreement that the Grantor shall have executed and delivered to the Collateral Agent this Agreement providing for the grant to the Collateral Agent for the benefit of the Secured Parties of a security interest in all of the personal property of the Grantor to secure all of the Grantor’s Obligations (as defined below) under the Securities Purchase Agreement, the Notes and the other Transaction Documents; and supplemented, amended and restated or otherwise modified from time to time, the “Collateral Agency Agreement”); and WHEREAS, the Grantor, the Buyers and the Collateral Agent are parties to that certain Collateral Agency Agreement dated as of the date hereof (as amended, WHEREAS, capitalized terms used herein and not otherwise defined in this Agreement are used in this Agreement as defined in the Securities Purchase Agreement. Further, unless otherwise defined in this Agreement or in the Securities Purchase Agreement, terms defined in Article 8 or 9 of the UCC (as defined below) are used in this Agreement as such terms are defined in such Article 8 or 9. “UCC” means the Uniform Commercial Code as in effect from time to time in the State of New York; provided that, if perfection or the effect of perfection or non-perfection or the priority of the security interest in any Collateral is governed by the Uniform Commercial Code as in effect in a jurisdiction other than the State of New York, “UCC” means the Uniform Commercial Code as in effect from time to time in such other jurisdiction for purposes of the provisions hereof relating to such perfection, effect of perfection or non-perfection or priority. Grantor hereby agrees with the Collateral Agent for the ratable benefit of the Secured Parties as follows: NOW, THEREFORE, in consideration of the premises and in order to induce the Buyers to purchase the Notes under the Securities Purchase Agreement, the 1. Grant of Security. Grantor hereby grants to the Collateral Agent, for the ratable benefit of the Secured Parties, a security interest in all of Grantor’s tangible and intangible assets, whether real or personal property, now or hereafter acquired, including without limitation all of Grantor’s right, title and interest in and to the following (collectively, the “Collateral”): Section (a) all equipment in all of its forms, including, without limitation, all machinery, tools, motor vehicles, vessels, aircraft, furniture and fixtures, and all parts thereof and all accessions thereto, including, without limitation, computer programs and supporting information that constitute equipment within the meaning of the UCC (any and all such property being the “Equipment”); (b) all inventory in all of its forms, including, without limitation, (i) all raw materials, work in process, finished goods and materials used or consumed in the manufacture, production, preparation or shipping thereof, (ii) goods in which Grantor has an interest in mass or a joint or other interest or right of any kind (including, without limitation, goods in which Grantor has an interest or right as consignee) and (iii) goods that are returned to or repossessed or stopped in transit by Grantor), and all accessions thereto and products thereof and documents therefor, including, without limitation, computer programs and supporting information that constitute inventory within the meaning of the UCC (any and all such property being the “Inventory”); (c) all accounts (including, without limitation, health-care-insurance receivables), chattel paper (including, without limitation, tangible chattel paper and electronic chattel paper), instruments (including, without limitation, promissory notes), deposit accounts (other than Excluded Accounts (defined below)), letter-of-credit rights, general intangibles (including, without limitation, payment intangibles) and other Obligations of any kind, whether or not arising out of or in connection with the sale or lease of goods or the rendering of services and whether or not earned by performance, and all rights now or hereafter existing in and to all supporting Obligations and in and to all security agreements, mortgages, Liens, leases, letters of credit and other contracts securing or otherwise relating to the foregoing property (any and all of such accounts, chattel paper, instruments, deposit accounts, letter-of-credit rights, general intangibles and other Obligations, to the extent not referred to in clause (d), (e) or (f) below, being the “Receivables,” and any and all such supporting Obligations, security agreements, mortgages, Liens, leases, letters of credit and other contracts being the “Related Contracts”); (d) the following (the “Security Collateral”): (i) the all of the shares of capital stock of (or other ownership or profit interests in, including partnership, membership or trust interests) in any entity (“Equity Interests”) listed on Part I of Schedule I (Investment Property) hereto, and the certificates, if any, representing such additional shares or other Equity Interests, and all dividends, distributions, return of capital, cash, instruments and other property from time to time received, receivable or otherwise distributed in respect of or in exchange for any or all of such shares or other Equity Interests and all warrants, rights or options issued thereon or with respect thereto; -2- (ii) the indebtedness listed on Part II of Schedule I (Investment Property) hereto and all additional indebtedness now or from time to time owed to Grantor (such indebtedness being the “Pledged Debt”) and the instruments, if any, evidencing such indebtedness, and all interest, cash, instruments and other property from time to time received, receivable or otherwise distributed in respect of or in exchange for any or all of such indebtedness; and (iii) all other investment property (including, without limitation, all (A) securities, whether certificated or uncertificated, (B) security entitlements, (C) securities accounts, (D) commodity contracts and (E) commodity accounts) in which Grantor has now, or acquires from time to time hereafter, any right, title or interest in any manner, and the certificates or instruments, if any, representing or evidencing such investment property, and all dividends, distributions, return of capital, interest, cash, instruments and other property from time to time received, receivable or otherwise distributed in respect of or in exchange for any or all of such investment property and all warrants, rights or options issued thereon or with respect thereto; (e) each of the agreements listed on Schedule III (Assigned Agreements) attached hereto, in each case as such agreements may be amended, restated, amended and restated, supplemented or otherwise modified from time to time (collectively, the “Assigned Agreements ”), including, without limitation, (w) all rights of Grantor to receive moneys due and to become due under or pursuant to the Assigned Agreements, (x) all rights of Grantor to receive proceeds of any insurance, indemnity, warranty or guaranty with respect to the Assigned Agreements, (y) claims of Grantor for damages arising out of or for breach of or default under the Assigned Agreements and (z) the right of Grantor to terminate the Assigned Agreements, to perform thereunder and to compel performance and otherwise exercise all remedies thereunder (all such Collateral being the “Agreement Collateral”); (f) the following (collectively, the “Account Collateral”): (including, without limitation, all cash equivalents), and all certificates and instruments, if any, from time to time representing or evidencing the Deposit Accounts; (i) the deposit accounts listed on Schedule II (Deposit Accounts) hereto and all funds and financial assets from time to time credited thereto Collateral Agent for or on behalf of Grantor in substitution for or in addition to any or all of the then existing Account Collateral; and (ii) all promissory notes, certificates of deposit, checks and other instruments from time to time delivered to or otherwise possessed by the in respect of or in exchange for any or all of the then existing Account Collateral; (iii) all interest, dividends, distributions, cash, instruments and other property from time to time received, receivable or otherwise distributed -3- (g) the following (collectively, the “Intellectual Property Collateral”): improvements thereto (“Patents”); (i) all patents, patent applications, utility models and statutory invention registrations, all inventions claimed or disclosed therein and all (ii) all trademarks, service marks, domain names, trade dress, logos, designs, slogans, trade names, business names, corporate names and other source identifiers, whether registered or unregistered (provided that no security interest shall be granted in United States intent-to-use trademark applications to the extent that, and solely during the period in which, the grant of a security interest therein would impair the validity or enforceability of such intent-to-use trademark applications under applicable federal law), together, in each case, with the goodwill symbolized thereby (“Trademarks”); thereof, whether registered or unregistered (“Copyrights”); (iii) all copyrights, including, without limitation, copyrights in Computer Software (as hereinafter defined), internet web sites and the content (iv) all computer software, programs and databases (including, without limitation, source code, object code and all related applications and data files), firmware and documentation and materials relating thereto, together with any and all maintenance rights, service rights, programming rights, hosting rights, test rights, improvement rights, renewal rights and indemnification rights and any substitutions, replacements, improvements, error corrections, updates and new versions of any of the foregoing (“Computer Software”); (v) all confidential and proprietary information, including, without limitation, know-how, trade secrets, manufacturing and production processes and techniques, inventions, research and development information, databases and data, including, without limitation, technical data, financial, marketing and business data, pricing and cost information, business and marketing plans and customer and supplier lists and information (collectively, “Trade Secrets”), and all other intellectual, industrial and intangible property of any type, including, without limitation, industrial designs and mask works; (vi) all registrations and applications for registration for any of the foregoing, including, without limitation, those registrations and applications for registration set forth in Schedule IV (Intellectual Property) attached hereto, together with all reissues, divisions, continuations, continuations-in-part, extensions, renewals and reexaminations thereof; corresponding thereto throughout the world and all other rights of any kind whatsoever of Grantor accruing thereunder or pertaining thereto; (vii) all tangible embodiments of the foregoing, all rights in the foregoing provided by international treaties or conventions, all rights (viii) all agreements, permits, consents, orders and franchises relating to the license, development, use or disclosure of any of the foregoing to which Grantor, now or hereafter, is a party or a beneficiary, including, without limitation, the agreements set forth in Schedule IV (Intellectual Property) attached hereto, (“IP Agreements”); and -4- misuse or breach with respect to any of the foregoing, with the right, but not the obligation, to sue for and collect, or otherwise recover, such damages; (ix) any and all claims for damages and injunctive relief for past, present and future infringement, dilution, misappropriation, violation, which the Grantors have complied with the requirements of Section 15, the “Commercial Tort Claims Collateral”); (h) the commercial tort claims described in Schedule V (Commercial Tort Claims) attached hereto (together with any commercial tort claims as to Grantor pertaining to any of the Collateral; and (i) all books and records (including, without limitation, customer lists, credit files, printouts and other computer output materials and records) of (j) all proceeds of, collateral for, income, royalties and other payments now or hereafter due and payable with respect to, and supporting Obligations relating to, any and all of the Collateral (including, without limitation, proceeds, collateral and supporting Obligations that constitute property of the types described in clauses (a) through (i) of this Section 1) and, to the extent not otherwise included, all (A) payments under insurance (whether or not the Collateral Agent is the loss payee thereof), or any indemnity, warranty or guaranty, payable by reason of loss or damage to or otherwise with respect to any of the foregoing Collateral, and (B) cash; provided that the term “Collateral” shall at all times exclude all Excluded Assets. “Excluded Assets” means all assets listed on Schedule XI (Excluded Assets) attached hereto. Section 2. Security for Obligations. This Agreement and the Collateral granted hereunder secures, in the case of Grantor, the payment of all Obligations now or hereafter existing, whether direct or indirect, absolute or contingent, and whether for principal, reimbursement Obligations, interest, fees, premiums, penalties, indemnifications, contract causes of action, costs, expenses or otherwise (all such Obligations, the “Secured Obligations”). Without limiting the generality of the foregoing, this Agreement secures the payment of all amounts that constitute part of the Secured Obligations and would be owed by Grantor to any Secured Party under the Transaction Documents but for the fact that they are unenforceable or not allowable due to the existence of a bankruptcy, reorganization or similar proceeding involving the Grantor. The term “Obligations” shall mean for so long as the Notes are outstanding the payment by the Company, as and when due and payable (by scheduled maturity, required prepayment, acceleration, demand or otherwise), of all amounts from time to time owing by it in respect of the Securities Purchase Agreement, the Notes, the Collateral Agency Agreement and the other Transaction Documents, including, without limitation, (A) all principal of and interest on the Notes (including, without limitation, all interest that accrues after the commencement of any insolvency proceeding of the Grantor, whether or not the payment of such interest is unenforceable or is not allowable due to the existence of such insolvency proceeding), and (B) all fees, commissions, expense reimbursements, indemnifications and all other amounts due or to become due under any of the Transaction Documents. -5- Section 3. Grantor Remains Liable. Anything herein to the contrary notwithstanding, (a) Grantor shall remain liable under the contracts and agreements included in the Collateral to the extent set forth therein to perform all of its duties and Obligations thereunder to the same extent as if this Agreement had not been executed, (b) the exercise by the Collateral Agent of any of the rights hereunder shall not release Grantor from any of its duties or Obligations under the contracts and agreements included in the Collateral and (c) no Secured Party shall have any obligation or liability under the contracts and agreements included in the Collateral by reason of this Agreement or any other Transaction Document, nor shall any Secured Party be obligated to perform any of the Secured Obligations or duties of any Grantor thereunder or to take any action to collect or enforce any claim for payment assigned hereunder. Section 4. Delivery and Control of Security Collateral. (a) All certificates or instruments representing or evidencing Security Collateral shall be delivered to and held by or on behalf of the Collateral Agent pursuant hereto and shall be in suitable form for transfer by delivery, or shall be accompanied by duly executed instruments of transfer or assignment in blank, all in form and substance reasonably satisfactory to the Secured Parties. The Collateral Agent shall have the right at any time to exchange certificates or instruments representing or evidencing Security Collateral for certificates or instruments of smaller or larger denominations. (b) With respect to any Security Collateral that constitutes an uncertificated security, the Grantor will cause the issuer either (i) to register the Collateral Agent as the registered owner of such security or (ii) to agree with Grantor and the Collateral Agent that such issuer will comply with instructions with respect to such security originated by the Collateral Agent without further consent of Grantor, such agreement to be in form and substance reasonably satisfactory to the Secured Parties (such agreement being an “Uncertificated Security Control Agreement”). (c) With respect to any Security Collateral that constitutes a security entitlement as to which the financial institution acting as Collateral Agent hereunder is not the securities intermediary, Grantor will cause the securities intermediary with respect to such security entitlement either (i) to identify in its records the Collateral Agent as the entitlement holder thereof or (ii) to agree with Grantor and the Collateral Agent that such securities intermediary will comply with entitlement orders originated by the Collateral Agent without further consent of Grantor, such agreement to be in form and substance reasonably satisfactory to the Secured Parties (a “ Securities Account Control Agreement”). (d) The Collateral Agent shall have the right, at any time and without notice to any Grantor, to endorse, assign or otherwise transfer to or to register in the name of the Collateral Agent or any of its nominees or endorse for negotiation any or all of the Security Collateral, without any indication that such Security Collateral is subject to the security interest hereunder, subject only to the revocable rights specified in Section 13(a). Collateral is subject to the security interest granted hereunder. (e) Upon the request of the Collateral Agent, Grantor will notify each issuer of Security Collateral granted by it hereunder that such Security -6- Section 5. Maintaining the Account Collateral. So long as the Secured Obligations remain outstanding and unpaid: (a) Grantor will maintain deposit accounts only with a bank or other depository institution (a “Pledged Account Bank”) that has agreed (or will agree) with Grantor and the Collateral Agent to comply with instructions originated by the Collateral Agent directing the disposition of funds in such deposit account without the further consent of Grantor, such agreement to be in form and substance reasonably satisfactory to the Secured Parties (a “Deposit Account Control Agreement ”). As a condition to the establishment and maintenance of deposit accounts with any such bank or other depository institution, Grantor shall have entered into a Deposit Account Control Agreement with such Pledged Account Bank, except with respect to Excluded Accounts (defined below). Deposit Accounts, to satisfy the Secured Obligations under the Transaction Documents only if an Event of Default shall have occurred and be continuing. (b) The Collateral Agent may, without notice to, or consent from, Grantor, give such instructions, transfer, or direct the transfer of, funds from the payroll, bonuses, other compensation and related expenses and (b) any accounts held outside of the United States of America. (c) For the purposes hereof, “Excluded Accounts” means (a) any deposit account that is used solely for escrow, tax, tax withholding, payment of Section 6. Representations and Warranties. Grantor represents and warrants as follows: (a) As of the Effective Date, Grantor’s exact legal name, location of chief executive office, type of organization, jurisdiction of organization and organizational identification number (if any) are set forth in Schedule VI (Location, Chief Executive Office, Type of Organization, Jurisdiction of Organization and Organizational Identification Number); attached hereto. Grantor has no trade names other than as listed on Schedule VI (Location, Chief Executive Office, Type of Organization, Jurisdiction of Organization and Organizational Identification Number) attached hereto. Within the five years preceding the Effective Date, Grantor has not changed its name, location of its chief executive office, type of organization, jurisdiction of organization or organizational identification number from those set forth in Schedule VI (Location, Chief Executive Office, Type of Organization, Jurisdiction of Organization and Organizational Identification Number) attached hereto except as set forth in Schedule VII (Changes in Name, Location, Etc.) attached hereto. (b) Grantor is the legal and beneficial owner of the Collateral granted or purported to be granted by it free and clear of any Lien, claim, option or right of others, except for the security interest created under this Agreement or permitted hereunder and listed on Schedule X (Permitted Liens). No effective financing statement or other instrument similar in effect covering all or any part of such Collateral or listing Grantor or any trade name of Grantor as debtor is on file in any recording office, except such as may have been filed in favor of the Collateral Agent relating to the Transaction Documents or as otherwise permitted under the Securities Purchase Agreement. -7- (c) All of the Equipment and Inventory of Grantor is located at the places specified therefor in Schedule VIII (Locations of Equipment, Inventory and Books and Records) attached hereto or at another location as to which Grantor has complied with the requirements of Section 8(a). Grantor has exclusive possession and control of its Equipment and Inventory. (d) All books and records related to the Collateral are located at the places specified therefor in Schedule VIII (Locations of Equipment, Inventory and Books and Records) attached hereto. Grantor agrees to obtain a lien waiver and access agreement in favor of the Collateral Agent, in form and substance reasonably satisfactory to the Secured Parties, with respect to each location in which any books and records are stored. Grantor further agrees to deliver a fully-executed copy of such lien waiver and access agreement to the Collateral Agent prior to the delivery of such books and records to any other location. Collateral Agent. (e) None of the Receivables or Agreement Collateral is evidenced by a promissory note or other instrument that has not been delivered to the (f) If Grantor is an issuer of Security Collateral, Grantor confirms that it has received notice of the security interest granted hereunder. (g) The Pledged Equity pledged by Grantor hereunder (if any) has been duly authorized and validly issued and is fully paid and non-assessable. The Pledged Debt issued by Grantor and pledged by another Grantor hereunder has been duly authorized, authenticated or issued and delivered, is the valid and legally binding obligation of the issuers thereof and is evidenced by one or more promissory notes (which promissory notes have been delivered to the Collateral Agent). (h) The Pledged Equity pledged by Grantor constitutes the percentage of the issued and outstanding Equity Interests of the issuers thereof indicated on Part I of Schedule I (Investment Property) attached hereto. The Pledged Debt constitutes all of the outstanding indebtedness owed to Grantor by the issuers thereof and is outstanding in the principal amount indicated, Part II of Schedule I (Investment Property) attached hereto, as of the date hereof and is not in default. Property). (i) Grantor has no investment property, other than the investment property listed on Schedule I (Pledged Equity; Pledged Debt; Investment (j) Grantor shall use best efforts to deliver to the Collateral Agent a consent in form and substance reasonably satisfactory to the Secured Parties from each party to the Assigned Agreements to which the Borrower is a party to the grant of a security interest in such Assigned Agreement pursuant to this Agreement (which by its terms does not require any such consent or for which a consent was previously obtained). Accounts and additional deposit accounts as to which Grantor has complied (or as the case may be, will comply) with the applicable requirements of Section 5. (k) Grantor has no deposit accounts other than the Deposit Accounts listed on Schedule II (Deposit Accounts) attached hereto, Excluded -8- attached hereto and additional letters of credit as to which Grantor has complied with the requirements of Section 14. (l) Grantor is not a beneficiary or assignee under any letter of credit, other than the letters of credit described in Schedule IX (Letters of Credit) (m) This Agreement creates in favor of the Collateral Agent for the benefit of the Secured Parties a valid first priority security interest in the Collateral granted by Grantor, securing the payment of the Secured Obligations; such security interest is subject in priority only to the Permitted Liens and the recording of all filings and other actions (including, without limitation, (A) actions necessary to obtain control of Collateral as provided in Sections 9-104, 9-105, 9-106 and 9-107 of the UCC and (B) actions necessary to perfect the Collateral Agent’s security interest with respect to Collateral evidenced by a certificate of title) necessary to perfect the security interest in the Collateral granted by Grantor have been duly made or taken and are in full force and effect on and after the date hereof. (n) No authorization or approval or other action by, and no notice to or filing with, any governmental authority or regulatory body or any other third party is required for (i) the grant by Grantor of the security interest granted hereunder or for the execution, delivery or performance of this Agreement by Grantor, (ii) the perfection or maintenance of the security interest created hereunder (including the first priority nature of such security interest), except for the filing of financing and continuation statements under the UCC, which financing statements shall have been duly filed within 45 days of the Closing, as defined in the Securities Purchase Agreement and, upon filing, shall be in full force and effect, the recordation of the Intellectual Property Security Agreements referred to in Section 12(c) with the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office and the U.S. Copyright Office, and the actions described in Section 4 with respect to the Security Collateral, which actions have been taken and are in full force and effect, or (iii) the exercise by the Collateral Agent of its voting or other rights provided for in this Agreement or the remedies in respect of the Collateral pursuant to this Agreement, except as may be required in connection with the disposition of any portion of the Security Collateral by laws affecting the offering and sale of securities generally. (o) The Inventory that has been produced or distributed by Grantor has been produced in material compliance with all requirements of applicable law. (p) As to itself and its Intellectual Property Collateral: (i) The operation of Grantor’s business as currently conducted or as contemplated to be conducted and the use of the Intellectual Property Collateral in connection therewith, to the best of Grantor’s knowledge, do not conflict with, infringe, misappropriate, dilute, misuse or otherwise violate the intellectual property rights of any third party. Intellectual Property Collateral subject only to the terms of the IP Agreements. (ii) Grantor is the exclusive owner of all right, title and interest in and to the Intellectual Property Collateral, and is entitled to use all applications, domain names, trademark registrations and applications, copyright registrations and applications and IP Agreements owned by Grantor as of the date hereof. (iii) The Intellectual Property Collateral set forth on Schedule IV (Intellectual Property) attached hereto includes all of the patents, patent -9- (iv) The Intellectual Property Collateral is subsisting and has not been adjudged invalid or unenforceable in whole or in part, and to the best of Grantor’s knowledge, is valid and enforceable. Grantor is not aware of any uses of any item of Intellectual Property Collateral that could be expected to lead to such item becoming invalid or unenforceable. any of the Intellectual Property Collateral. (v) The consummation of the transactions contemplated by the Transaction Documents will not result in the termination or impairment of commercial tort claims as to which Grantor has complied with the requirements of Section 15. (q) Grantor has no commercial tort claims other than those listed in Schedule V (Commercial Tort Claims) attached hereto and additional Section 7. Further Assurances. (a) Grantor agrees that from time to time, at the expense of Grantor, Grantor will promptly execute and deliver, or otherwise authenticate, all further instruments and documents, and take all further action that may be necessary or desirable, or that the Collateral Agent may request, in order to perfect and protect any pledge or security interest granted or purported to be granted by Grantor hereunder or to enable the Collateral Agent to exercise and enforce its rights and remedies hereunder with respect to any Collateral of Grantor. Without limiting the generality of the foregoing, Grantor will promptly with respect to Collateral of Grantor: (i) mark conspicuously each document included in Inventory, each chattel paper included in Receivables, each Related Contract and, at the request of the Collateral Agent, each of its records pertaining to such Collateral with a legend, in form and substance reasonably satisfactory to the Secured Parties, indicating that such document, chattel paper, Related Contract, Assigned Agreement or Collateral is subject to the security interest granted hereby; (ii) if any such Collateral shall be evidenced by a certificate, promissory note or other instrument or chattel paper, deliver and pledge to the Collateral Agent hereunder such certificate, note or instrument or chattel paper duly indorsed and accompanied by duly executed instruments of transfer or assignment, all in form and substance reasonably satisfactory to the Secured Parties; (iii) file such financing or continuation statements, or amendments thereto, and such other instruments or notices, as may be necessary or desirable, or as the Collateral Agent may request, in order to perfect and preserve the security interest granted or purported to be granted by Grantor hereunder; (iv) take all action to ensure that the Collateral Agent’s security interest is noted on any certificate of title related to any Collateral evidenced by a certificate of title; (v) to cause the relevant depository institutions, banks, financial intermediaries, securities intermediaries and issuers to execute and deliver such Deposit Account Control Agreements, Uncertificated Security Control Agreements, Securities Account Control Agreements and other control agreements, as may be necessary or as the Collateral Agent may from time to time require; and (vi) deliver to the Collateral Agent evidence that all other actions that the Collateral Agent may deem reasonably necessary or desirable in order to perfect and protect the security interest granted or purported to be granted by Grantor under this Agreement has been taken. -10- (b) Grantor hereby authorizes the Secured Parties to file one or more financing or continuation statements, and amendments thereto, including, without limitation, one or more financing statements indicating that such financing statements cover all assets or all personal property (or words of similar effect) of Grantor, regardless of whether any particular asset described in such financing statements falls within the scope of the UCC or the granting clause of this Agreement. A photocopy or other reproduction of this Agreement shall be sufficient as a financing statement where permitted by law. Grantor ratifies its authorization for the Secured Parties to have filed such financing statements, continuation statements or amendments filed prior to the date hereof. Grantor and such other reports in connection with such Collateral as the Secured Parties may reasonably request, all in reasonable detail. (c) Grantor will furnish to the Collateral Agent from time to time statements and schedules further identifying and describing the Collateral of Section 8. As to Equipment and Inventory. (a) Grantor will keep its Equipment and Inventory (other than Inventory sold in the ordinary course of business and Equipment and Inventory in transit in the ordinary course of business) at the places therefor specified in Section 6(c) or, upon ten (10) Business Days’ prior written notice to the Collateral Agent, at such other places designated by Grantor in such notice which shall be an approved warehouse as to which a lien waiver and access agreement has been obtained in favor of and delivered to the Collateral Agent, in form and substance reasonably satisfactory to the Secured Parties. (b) Grantor will cause its Equipment to be maintained and preserved in the same condition, repair and working order as when new, ordinary wear and tear excepted, and will forthwith, or in the case of any loss or damage to any of such Equipment as soon as practicable after the occurrence thereof, make or cause to be made all repairs, replacements and other improvements in connection therewith that are desirable to such end. (c) Grantor will pay promptly when due all property and other taxes, assessments and governmental charges or levies imposed upon, and all claims (including, without limitation, claims for labor, materials and supplies) against, its Equipment and Inventory. In producing its Inventory, Grantor will comply, in all material respects, with all requirements of applicable law. Section 9. As to Books and Records. Grantor will keep its books and records at the places therefor specified in Section 6(d) or, upon ten (10) Business Days’ prior written notice to the Collateral Agent, at such other places designated by Grantor in such notice which shall be an Approved Warehouse as to which a lien waiver and access agreement has been obtained in favor of and delivered to the Collateral Agent, in form and substance reasonably satisfactory to the Secured Parties. -11- Section 10. Insurance. Grantor shall maintain insurance (including property insurance, lender loss payable endorsements, etc.) in such amounts and covering such risks as are reasonably acceptable to the to the Secured Parties and are usually carried by companies engaged in similar businesses and owning similar properties in the same general areas in which Grantor operates, including without limitation, insurance on the Collateral. Section 11. Post-Closing Changes; Collections on Assigned Agreements, Receivables and Related Contracts. (a) Grantor shall not change its name, type of organization, jurisdiction of organization, organizational identification number or location from those set forth in Section 6(a) of this Agreement without prior written notice to the Collateral Agent. Grantor will hold and preserve its records relating to the Collateral, including, without limitation, the Assigned Agreements and Related Contracts, and will permit representatives of the Collateral Agent at any time during normal business hours and upon reasonable notice to inspect and make abstracts from such records and other documents. If any Grantor does not have an organizational identification number and later obtains one, it will forthwith notify the Collateral Agent of such organizational identification number. (b) Except as otherwise provided in this Section 11, Grantor will continue to collect, at its own expense, all amounts due or to become due to Grantor under the Assigned Agreements, Receivables and Related Contracts. In connection with such collections, Grantor may take such action as Grantor may deem necessary or advisable to enforce collection of the Assigned Agreements, Receivables and Related Contracts; provided, however, that the Collateral Agent shall have the right at any time, upon the occurrence and during the continuance of an Event of Default, to take any steps it or the other Secured Parties may deem necessary or advisable, including but not limited to, notifying the obligors under any Assigned Agreements, Receivables and Related Contracts of the assignment of such Assigned Agreements, Receivables and Related Contracts to the Collateral Agent and directing such obligors to make payment of all amounts due or to become due to Grantor thereunder directly to the Collateral Agent and, upon such notification and at the expense of Grantor, to enforce collection of any such Assigned Agreements, Receivables and Related Contracts, to adjust, settle or compromise the amount or payment thereof, in the same manner and to the same extent as Grantor might have done, and to otherwise exercise all rights with respect to such Assigned Agreements, Receivables and Related Contracts, including, without limitation, those set forth set forth in Section 9-607 of the UCC. After receipt by any Grantor of the notice from the Collateral Agent referred to in the proviso to the preceding sentence, Grantor will not adjust, settle or compromise the amount or payment of any Receivable or amount due on any Assigned Agreement or Related Contract, release wholly or partly any obligor thereof or allow any credit or discount thereon. No Grantor will permit or consent to the subordination of its right to payment under any of the Assigned Agreements, Receivables and Related Contracts to any other indebtedness or Obligations of the obligor thereof. -12- Section 12. As to Intellectual Property Collateral. (a) No Grantor shall, without the written consent of the Collateral Agent, discontinue use of or otherwise abandon any Intellectual Property Collateral, or abandon any right to file an application for patent, trademark, or copyright, unless Grantor shall have previously determined that such use or the pursuit or maintenance of such Intellectual Property Collateral is no longer desirable in the conduct of Grantor’s business and that the loss thereof could not reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Change. (b) Grantor shall use proper statutory notice in connection with its use of each item of its Intellectual Property Collateral. Except as permitted in Section 12(a) above, Grantor shall not do or permit any act or knowingly omit to do any act whereby any of its Intellectual Property Collateral may lapse or become invalid or unenforceable or placed in the public domain. (c) With respect to its Intellectual Property Collateral, Grantor agrees to execute or otherwise authenticate an agreement, in substantially the form set forth in Exhibit A hereto or otherwise in form and substance reasonably satisfactory to the Secured Parties (an “Intellectual Property Security Agreement”), for recording the security interest granted hereunder to the Collateral Agent in such Intellectual Property Collateral with the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office, the U.S. Copyright Office and any other governmental authorities necessary to perfect the security interest hereunder in such Intellectual Property Collateral. (d) Grantor agrees that should it obtain an ownership interest in any item of the type set forth in Section 1(g) that is not on the date hereof a part of the Intellectual Property Collateral (“After-Acquired Intellectual Property”) (i) the provisions of this Agreement shall automatically apply thereto, and (ii) any such After-Acquired Intellectual Property and, in the case of trademarks, the goodwill symbolized thereby, shall automatically become part of the Intellectual Property Collateral subject to the terms and conditions of this Agreement with respect thereto. Grantor shall give prompt written notice to the Collateral Agent identifying the After-Acquired Intellectual Property, and Grantor shall execute and deliver to the Collateral Agent with such written notice, or otherwise authenticate, an agreement substantially in the form of Exhibit B hereto or otherwise in form and substance reasonably satisfactory to the Secured Parties (an “IP Security Agreement Supplement”) covering such After-Acquired Intellectual Property, which IP Security Agreement Supplement shall be recorded with the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office, the U.S. Copyright Office and any other governmental authorities necessary to perfect the security interest hereunder in such After-Acquired Intellectual Property. Section 13. Voting Rights; Dividends; Etc.. (a) So long as no Event of Default shall have occurred and be continuing: (i) Grantor shall be entitled to exercise any and all voting and other consensual rights pertaining to the Security Collateral of Grantor or any part thereof for any purpose; provided, however, that Grantor will not exercise or refrain from exercising any such right if such action would reasonably be expected to have a material adverse effect on the value of the Security Collateral or any part thereof. -13- (ii) Grantor shall be entitled to receive and retain any and all dividends, interest and other distributions paid in respect of the Security Collateral of Grantor if and to the extent that the payment thereof is not otherwise prohibited by the terms of the Transaction Documents; provided, however, except as otherwise provided in the Securities Purchase Agreement, any and all dividends, interest and other distributions paid or payable other than in cash in respect of, and instruments and other property received, receivable or otherwise distributed in respect of, or in exchange for, any Security Collateral shall be, and shall be forthwith delivered to the Collateral Agent to hold as, Security Collateral and shall, if received by Grantor, be received in trust for the benefit of the Collateral Agent, be segregated from the other property or funds of Grantor and be forthwith delivered to the Collateral Agent as Security Collateral in the same form as so received (with any necessary endorsement). (iii) The Collateral Agent will execute and deliver (or cause to be executed and delivered) to Grantor all such proxies and other instruments as Grantor may reasonably request for the purpose of enabling Grantor to exercise the voting and other rights that it is entitled to exercise pursuant to paragraph (i) above and to receive the dividends or interest payments that it is authorized to receive and retain pursuant to paragraph (ii) above. (b) Upon the occurrence and during the continuance of an Event of Default: (i) All rights of Grantor (x) to exercise or refrain from exercising the voting and other consensual rights that it would otherwise be entitled to exercise pursuant to Section 13(a)(i) shall, upon notice to Grantor by the Collateral Agent, cease and (y) to receive the dividends, interest and other distributions that it would otherwise be authorized to receive and retain pursuant to Section 13(a)(ii) shall automatically cease, and all such rights shall thereupon become vested in the Collateral Agent, which shall thereupon have the sole right to exercise or refrain from exercising such voting and other consensual rights and to receive and hold as Security Collateral such dividends, interest and other distributions. (ii) All dividends, interest and other distributions that are received by any Grantor contrary to the provisions of paragraph (i) of this Section 13(b) shall be received in trust for the benefit of the Collateral Agent, shall be segregated from other funds of Grantor and shall be forthwith paid over to the Collateral Agent as Security Collateral in the same form as so received (with any necessary endorsement). Section 14. As to Letter-of-Credit Rights. (a) Grantor, by granting a security interest in its Receivables consisting of letter-of-credit rights to the Collateral Agent, intends to (and hereby does) assign to the Collateral Agent its rights (including its contingent rights) to the proceeds of all Related Contracts consisting of letters of credit of which it is or hereafter becomes a beneficiary or assignee. Grantor will promptly use commercially reasonable efforts to cause the issuer of each letter of credit in favor of Grantor and each nominated person (if any) with respect thereto to consent to such assignment of the proceeds thereof pursuant to a consent in form and substance reasonably satisfactory to the Secured Parties and deliver written evidence of such consent to the Collateral Agent. -14- (b) Upon the occurrence of an Event of Default, Grantor will, promptly upon request by the Collateral Agent, (i) notify (and Grantor hereby authorizes the Collateral Agent to notify) the issuer and each nominated person with respect to each of the Related Contracts consisting of letters of credit that the proceeds thereof have been assigned to the Collateral Agent hereunder and any payments due or to become due in respect thereof are to be made directly to the Collateral Agent or its designee and (ii) arrange for the Collateral Agent to become the transferee beneficiary of letter of credit. Section 15. Commercial Tort Claims. Grantor will promptly give notice to the Collateral Agent of any commercial tort claim that may arise after the date hereof and will immediately execute or otherwise authenticate a supplement to this Agreement, and otherwise take all necessary action, to subject such commercial tort claim to the first priority security interest created under this Agreement. Section 16. Transfers and Other Liens; Additional Shares. (a) Grantor agrees that it will not (i) sell, assign or otherwise dispose of, or grant any option with respect to, any of the Collateral, other than sales, assignments and other dispositions of Collateral, and options relating to Collateral, permitted under the terms of the Securities Purchase Agreement, or (ii) create or suffer to exist any Lien upon or with respect to any of the Collateral of Grantor except for the pledge, assignment and security interest created under this Agreement and Liens permitted under the Securities Purchase Agreement. (b) Grantor agrees that it will (i) cause each issuer of the Pledged Equity pledged by Grantor not to issue any Equity Interests or other securities in addition to or in substitution for the Pledged Equity issued by such issuer, except to Grantor, and (ii) pledge hereunder, immediately upon its acquisition (directly or indirectly) thereof, any and all additional Equity Interests or other securities. Section 17. Collateral Agent Appointed Attorney in Fact . Grantor hereby irrevocably appoints the Collateral Agent as attorney in fact, with full authority in the place and stead of Grantor and in the name of Grantor or otherwise, from time to time, to take any action and to execute any instrument that the Collateral Agent or the other Secured Parties may deem necessary or advisable to accomplish the purposes of this Agreement, including, without limitation, upon the occurrence and during the continuance of an Event of Default, to: (a) obtain and adjust insurance required to be paid to the Collateral Agent pursuant to, or in accordance with, Section 9, respect of any of the Collateral, (b) ask for, demand, collect, sue for, recover, compromise, receive and give acquittance and receipts for moneys due and to become due under or in (c) receive, indorse and collect any drafts or other instruments, documents and chattel paper, in connection with clause (a) or (b) above, and (d) file any claims or take any action or institute any proceedings that the Collateral Agent or the other Secured Parties may deem necessary or desirable for the collection of any of the Collateral or otherwise to enforce compliance with the terms and conditions of any Assigned Agreement or the rights of the Collateral Agent with respect to any of the Collateral. -15- 18. Collateral Agent May Perform. If any Grantor fails to perform any agreement contained herein, the Collateral Agent may, but without any obligation to do so and without notice, itself perform, or cause performance of, such agreement, and the expenses of the Collateral Agent incurred in connection therewith shall be payable by Grantor under Section 21. Section Section 19. The Collateral Agent’s Duties. (a) The powers conferred on the Collateral Agent hereunder are solely to protect the Secured Parties’ interest in the Collateral and shall not impose any duty upon it to exercise any such powers. Except for the safe custody of any Collateral in its possession and the accounting for moneys actually received by it hereunder, the Collateral Agent shall have no duty as to any Collateral, as to ascertaining or taking action with respect to calls, conversions, exchanges, maturities, tenders or other matters relative to any Collateral, whether or not any Secured Party has or is deemed to have knowledge of such matters, or as to the taking of any necessary steps to preserve rights against any parties or any other rights pertaining to any Collateral. The Collateral Agent shall be deemed to have exercised reasonable care in the custody and preservation of any Collateral in its possession if such Collateral is accorded treatment substantially equal to that which it accords its own property. (b) Anything contained herein to the contrary notwithstanding, the Collateral Agent may from time to time, when the Collateral Agent in its discretion deems it to be necessary or advisable, appoint one or more subagents (each a “Subagent”) for the Collateral Agent hereunder with respect to all or any part of the Collateral. In the event that the Collateral Agent so appoints any Subagent with respect to any Collateral, (i) the assignment and pledge of such Collateral and the security interest granted in such Collateral by Grantor hereunder shall be deemed for purposes of this Security Agreement to have been made to such Subagent, in addition to the Collateral Agent, for the ratable benefit of the Secured Parties, as security for the Secured Obligations of Grantor, (ii) such Subagent shall automatically be vested, in addition to the Collateral Agent, with all rights, powers, privileges, interests and remedies of the Collateral Agent hereunder with respect to such Collateral, and (iii) the term “Collateral Agent,” when used herein in relation to any rights, powers, privileges, interests and remedies of the Collateral Agent with respect to such Collateral, shall include such Subagent; provided, however, that no such Subagent shall be authorized to take any action with respect to any such Collateral unless and except to the extent expressly authorized in writing by the Collateral Agent. -16- Section 20. Remedies. If any Event of Default shall have occurred and be continuing: (a) The Collateral Agent may exercise in respect of the Collateral, in addition to other rights and remedies provided for herein or otherwise available to it, all the rights and remedies of a secured party upon default under the UCC (whether or not the UCC applies to the affected Collateral) and also may: (i) require Grantor to, and Grantor hereby agrees that it will at its expense and upon request of the Collateral Agent forthwith, to the extent commercially feasible, assemble all or part of the Collateral as directed by the Collateral Agent and make it available to the Collateral Agent at a place and time to be designated by the Collateral Agent that is reasonably convenient to both parties; (ii) without notice except as specified below or as otherwise required pursuant to Section 9-611 of the UCC, sell the Collateral or any part thereof in one or more parcels at public or private sale, at any of the Collateral Agent’s offices or elsewhere, for cash, on credit or for future delivery, and upon such other terms as are in accordance with applicable law; (iii) occupy any premises owned or leased by any of the Grantors where the Collateral or any part thereof is assembled or located for a reasonable period in order to effectuate its rights and remedies hereunder or under law; and (iv) exercise any and all rights and remedies of any of the Grantors under or in connection with the Collateral, or otherwise in respect of the Collateral, including, without limitation, (A) any and all rights of Grantor to demand or otherwise require payment of any amount under, or performance of any provision of, the Assigned Agreements, the Receivables, the Related Contracts and the other Collateral, (B) withdraw, or cause or direct the withdrawal, of all funds with respect to the Account Collateral and (C) exercise all other rights and remedies with respect to the Assigned Agreements, the Receivables, the Related Contracts and the other Collateral, including, without limitation, those set forth in Section 9-607 of the UCC. Grantor agrees that, to the extent notice of sale shall be required by law, at least ten (10) days’ notice to Grantor of the time and place of any public sale or the time after which any private sale is to be made shall constitute reasonable notification. The Collateral Agent shall not be obligated to make any sale of Collateral regardless of notice of sale having been given. The Collateral Agent may adjourn any public or private sale from time to time by announcement at the time and place fixed therefor, and such sale may, without further notice (except as otherwise required by Section 9-611 of the UCC), be made at the time and place to which it was so adjourned. (b) Any cash held by or on behalf of the Collateral Agent and all cash proceeds received by or on behalf of the Collateral Agent in respect of any sale of, collection from, or other realization upon all or any part of the Collateral may, in the discretion of the Collateral Agent, be held by the Collateral Agent as collateral for the benefit of the Secured Parties against, all or any part of the Secured Obligations. Any surplus of such cash or cash proceeds held by or on the behalf of the Collateral Agent and remaining after payment in full of all the Secured Obligations shall be paid over to Grantor or to whomsoever may be lawfully entitled to receive such surplus. (c) All payments received by any Grantor under or in connection with any Assigned Agreement or otherwise in respect of the Collateral shall be received in trust for the benefit of the Collateral Agent, shall be segregated from other funds of Grantor and shall be forthwith paid over to the Collateral Agent in the same form as so received (with any necessary endorsement). (d) [RESERVED]. (e) In the event of any sale or other disposition of any of the Intellectual Property Collateral of Grantor, the goodwill symbolized by any Trademarks subject to such sale or other disposition shall be included therein, and Grantor shall supply to the Collateral Agent or its designee Grantor’s know-how and expertise, and documents and things relating to any Intellectual Property Collateral subject to such sale or other disposition, and Grantor’s customer lists and other records and documents relating to such Intellectual Property Collateral and to the manufacture, distribution, advertising and sale of products and services of Grantor. -17- agrees that, upon request of the Collateral Agent, Grantor will, at its own expense: (f) If the Collateral Agent shall exercise its right to sell all or any of the Security Collateral of any Grantor pursuant to this Section 20, Grantor (i) execute and deliver, and cause each issuer of such Security Collateral contemplated to be sold and the directors and officers thereof to execute and deliver, all such instruments and documents, and do or cause to be done all such other acts and things, as may be necessary or, in the opinion of the Collateral Agent, advisable to register such Security Collateral under the provisions of the Securities Act of 1933 (as amended from time to time, the “Securities Act”), to cause the registration statement relating thereto to become effective and to remain effective for such period as prospectuses are required by law to be furnished and to make all amendments and supplements thereto and to the related prospectus that, in the opinion of the Collateral Agent or the other Secured Parties, are necessary or advisable, all in conformity with the requirements of the Securities Act and the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission applicable thereto; governmental approvals for the sale of such Security Collateral, as requested by the Collateral Agent; (ii) use its best efforts to qualify the Security Collateral under the state securities or “Blue Sky” laws and to obtain all necessary statement that will satisfy the provisions of Section 11(a) of the Securities Act; (iii) cause each such issuer of such Security Collateral to make available to its security holders, as soon as practicable, an earnings or the other Secured Parties, advisable to enable the Collateral Agent to effect the sale of such Security Collateral upon such terms as are in accordance with applicable law; and (iv) provide the Collateral Agent with such other information and projections as may be necessary or, in the opinion of the Collateral Agent thereof valid and binding and in compliance with applicable law. (v) do or cause to be done all such other acts and things as may be necessary to make such sale of such Security Collateral or any part (g) The Collateral Agent is authorized, in connection with any sale of the Security Collateral pursuant to this Section 20, to deliver or otherwise disclose to any prospective purchaser of the Security Collateral: (i) any registration statement or prospectus, and all supplements and amendments thereto, prepared pursuant to subsection (f)(i) above; (ii) any information and projections provided to it pursuant to subsection (f)(iv) above; and (iii) any other information in its possession relating to such Security Collateral. (h) Grantor acknowledges the impossibility of ascertaining the amount of damages that would be suffered by the Secured Parties by reason of the failure by Grantor to perform any of the covenants contained in subsection (f) above and, consequently, agrees that, if Grantor shall fail to perform any of such covenants, it will pay, as liquidated damages and not as a penalty, an amount equal to the value of the Security Collateral on the date the Collateral Agent shall demand compliance with subsection (f) above. -18- Section 21. Indemnity and Expenses. (a) Grantor agrees to indemnify, defend and save and hold harmless each Secured Party and each of their Affiliates and their Related Parties (each, an “Indemnified Party”) from and against, and shall pay on demand, any and all claims, damages, losses, liabilities and expenses (including, without limitation, reasonable fees and expenses of counsel) that may be incurred by or asserted or awarded against any Indemnified Party, in each case arising out of or in connection with or resulting from this Agreement (including, without limitation, enforcement of this Agreement); provided that such indemnity shall not, as to any Indemnified Party, be available to the extent that such losses, claims, damages, liabilities or related expenses (x) are determined by a court of competent jurisdiction by final and nonappealable judgment to have resulted from the bad faith, gross negligence or willful misconduct of such Indemnified Party or any of its officers, directors or employees, or (y) arising from disputes solely among the Collateral Agent, the Buyers and/or their transferees (other than in respect of disputes against an Indemnitee in its capacity as Collateral Agent or any similar role under the Transaction Documents). (b) Without limiting the foregoing clause (a), Grantor will upon demand pay to the Collateral Agent the amount of any and all (1) reasonable expenses, including, without limitation, the reasonable fees and expenses of its counsel and of any experts and agents, that the Collateral Agent may incur in connection with (i) the administration of this Agreement, and (ii) the custody, preservation, use or operation of, or the sale of, collection from or other realization upon, any of the Collateral of Grantor, and (2) expenses, including, without limitation, the fees and expenses of its counsel and of any experts and agents, that the Collateral Agent may incur in connection with (i) the exercise or enforcement of any of the rights of the Collateral Agent or the other Secured Parties hereunder or (ii) the failure by Grantor to perform or observe any of the provisions hereof. Section 22. Amendments; Waivers; Additional Grantors; Etc. No amendment or waiver of any provision of this Agreement, and no consent to any departure by any Grantor herefrom, shall in any event be effective unless the same shall be in writing and signed by the Collateral Agent, and then such waiver or consent shall be effective only in the specific instance and for the specific purpose for which given. No failure on the part of the Collateral Agent to exercise, and no delay in exercising any right hereunder, shall operate as a waiver thereof; nor shall any single or partial exercise of any such right preclude any other or further exercise thereof or the exercise of any other right. Section 23. Notices, Etc. Except as otherwise provided herein, whenever it is provided herein that any notice, demand, request, consent, approval, declaration or other communication shall or may be given to or served upon any of the parties by any other party, or whenever any of the parties desires to give and serve upon any other party any communication with respect to this Agreement, each such notice, demand, request, consent, approval, declaration or other communication shall be in writing and shall be given in the manner and to the address, and deemed received, as provided for in accordance with the terms of the Collateral Agency Agreement. Delivery by email or facsimile of an executed counterpart of any amendment, supplement or waiver of any provision of this Agreement or any Schedule or Exhibit relating thereto shall be effective as delivery of an original executed counterpart thereof. -19- Section 24. Continuing Security Interest. This Agreement shall create a continuing security interest in the Collateral and shall (a) remain in full force and effect until the indefeasible payment in full in cash of the Secured Obligations, (b) be binding upon Grantor, its successors and assigns and (c) inure, together with the rights and remedies of the Collateral Agent hereunder, to the benefit of the Secured Parties and their respective successors, transferees and assigns. Section 25. Release; Termination. (a) Upon any sale, lease, transfer or other disposition of any item of Collateral of Grantor (other than sales of Inventory in the ordinary course of business) in accordance with the terms of the Transaction Documents, the Collateral Agent will, at Grantor’s expense, execute and deliver to Grantor such documents as Grantor shall reasonably request to evidence the release of such item(s) of Collateral from the assignment and security interest granted hereby; provided, however, that (i) at the time of such request and such release no Event of Default shall have occurred and be continuing, (ii) Grantor shall have delivered to the Collateral Agent, at least ten (10) Business Days prior to the date of the proposed release, a written request for release describing the item of Collateral and the terms of the sale, lease, transfer or other disposition in reasonable detail, including, without limitation, the price thereof and any expenses in connection therewith, together with a form of release for execution by the Collateral Agent and a certificate of Grantor to the effect that the transaction is in compliance with the Transaction Documents and as to such other matters as the Collateral Agent may request, (iii) the proceeds of any such sale, lease, transfer or other disposition required to be applied, or any payment to be made in connection therewith, shall, to the extent so required, be paid or made to, or in accordance with the instructions of, the Collateral Agent, and (iv) the Collateral Agent shall have received written direction from the Buyers in accordance with the Collateral Agency Agreement. (b) Upon the indefeasible payment in full in cash of the Secured Obligations, other than any unasserted contingent Obligations, the pledge and security interest granted hereby shall terminate and all rights to the Collateral shall revert to Grantor. Upon any such termination, the Secured Parties will, at the Grantor’s expense, execute and deliver to Grantor such documents as Grantor shall reasonably request to evidence such termination. Section 26. Execution in Counterparts. This Agreement may be executed in any number of counterparts, each of which when so executed shall be deemed to be an original and all of which taken together shall constitute one and the same agreement. Delivery of an executed counterpart of a signature page to this Agreement by email or facsimile shall be effective as delivery of an original executed counterpart of this Agreement. -20- Section 27. Governing Law; Jurisdiction; Waiver of Jury Trial, Etc. (a ) GOVERNING LAW. THIS AGREEMENT AND ANY CLAIMS, CONTROVERSY, DISPUTE OR CAUSE OF ACTION (WHETHER IN TORT OR OTHERWISE) BASED ON, ARISING OUT OF OR RELATING TO THIS GUARANTY AND THE TRANSACTIONS CONTEMPLATED HEREBY SHALL BE GOVERNED BY, AND CONSTRUED IN ACCORDANCE WITH, THE LAW OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK WITHOUT REGARD TO CONFLICTS OF LAWS (OTHER THAN SECTIONS 5-1401 AND 5- 1402 OF THE NEW YORK GENERAL OBLIGATIONS LAWS). (b) SUBMISSION TO JURISDICTION. GRANTOR IRREVOCABLY AND UNCONDITIONALLY SUBMITS, FOR ITSELF AND ITS PROPERTY, TO THE NONEXCLUSIVE JURISDICTION OF THE COURTS OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK SITTING IN NEW YORK COUNTY OR OF THE UNITED STATES FOR THE SOUTHERN DISTRICT OF SUCH STATE, AND ANY APPELLATE COURT FROM ANY THEREOF, IN ANY ACTION OR PROCEEDING ARISING OUT OF OR RELATING TO THIS AGREEMENT, OR FOR RECOGNITION OR ENFORCEMENT OF ANY JUDGMENT, AND EACH OF THE PARTIES HERETO IRREVOCABLY AND UNCONDITIONALLY AGREES THAT ALL CLAIMS IN RESPECT OF ANY SUCH ACTION OR PROCEEDING MAY BE HEARD AND DETERMINED IN SUCH NEW YORK COURT OR, TO THE FULLEST EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW, IN SUCH FEDERAL COURT. EACH OF THE PARTIES HERETO AGREES THAT A FINAL JUDGMENT IN ANY SUCH ACTION OR PROCEEDING SHALL BE CONCLUSIVE AND MAY BE ENFORCED IN OTHER JURISDICTIONS BY SUIT ON THE JUDGMENT OR IN ANY OTHER MANNER PROVIDED BY LAW. NOTHING IN THIS AGREEMENT SHALL AFFECT ANY RIGHT THAT THE COLLATERAL AGENT OR ANY OTHER SECURED PARTY MAY OTHERWISE HAVE TO BRING ANY ACTION OR PROCEEDING RELATING TO THIS AGREEMENT AGAINST ANY GRANTOR OR ITS PROPERTIES IN THE COURTS OF ANY JURISDICTION. ( c ) WAIVER OF VENUE. GRANTOR IRREVOCABLY AND UNCONDITIONALLY WAIVES, TO THE FULLEST EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW, ANY OBJECTION THAT IT MAY NOW OR HEREAFTER HAVE TO THE LAYING OF VENUE OF ANY ACTION OR PROCEEDING ARISING OUT OF OR RELATING TO THIS AGREEMENT IN ANY COURT REFERRED TO IN PARAGRAPH (b) OF THIS SECTION. GRANTOR HEREBY IRREVOCABLY WAIVES, TO THE FULLEST EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW, THE DEFENSE OF AN INCONVENIENT FORUM TO THE MAINTENANCE OF SUCH ACTION OR PROCEEDING IN ANY SUCH COURT. NOTICES IN SECTION 23. ( d ) SERVICE OF PROCESS. GUARANTOR HERETO IRREVOCABLY CONSENTS TO SERVICE OF PROCESS IN THE MANNER PROVIDED FOR ( e ) WAIVER OF JURY TRIAL. GUARANTOR HERETO HEREBY IRREVOCABLY WAIVES, TO THE FULLEST EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW, ANY RIGHT IT MAY HAVE TO A TRIAL BY JURY IN ANY LEGAL PROCEEDING DIRECTLY OR INDIRECTLY ARISING OUT OF OR RELATING TO THIS AGREEMENT OR THE TRANSACTIONS CONTEMPLATED HEREBY (WHETHER BASED ON CONTRACT, TORT OR ANY OTHER THEORY). EACH PARTY HERETO (A) CERTIFIES THAT NO REPRESENTATIVE, AGENT OR ATTORNEY OF ANY OTHER PERSON HAS REPRESENTED, EXPRESSLY OR OTHERWISE, THAT SUCH OTHER PERSON WOULD NOT, IN THE EVENT OF LITIGATION, SEEK TO ENFORCE THE FOREGOING WAIVER AND (B) ACKNOWLEDGES THAT IT AND THE OTHER PARTIES HERETO HAVE BEEN INDUCED TO ENTER INTO THIS AGREEMENT BY, AMONG OTHER THINGS, THE MUTUAL WAIVERS AND CERTIFICATIONS IN THIS SECTION. SIGNATURE PAGE FOLLOWS -21- written. IN WITNESS WHEREOF, Grantor has caused this Agreement to be duly executed and delivered by its officer thereunto duly authorized as of the date first above APPLIED DNA SCIENCES, INC., a Delaware corporation /s/ Beth Jantzen By: Name: Beth Jantzen, CPA Title: Chief Financial Officer SIGNATURES CONTINUE ON NEXT PAGE Signature Page to Security Agreement ACCEPTED AND AGREED as of the date first written above by: DELAWARE TRUST COMPANY, as Collateral Agent /s/ Alan R. Halpern By: Name: Alan R. Halpern Title: Vice President Signature Page to Security Agreement Exhibit A to the Security Agreement FORM OF INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY SECURITY AGREEMENT This INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY SECURITY AGREEMENT (as amended, restated, amended and restated, supplemented or otherwise modified from time to time, the “IP Security Agreement”) dated October 19, 2018 is made by APPLIED DNA SCIENCES, INC. a Delaware corporation (the “Grantor”), in favor of DELAWARE TRUST COMPANY, a Delaware corporation, as collateral agent (the “Collateral Agent”) for the Secured Parties (as defined in the Security Agreement referred to below). otherwise modified from time to time, the “Securities Purchase Agreement”) with the Buyers party thereto. WHEREAS, Grantor is party to the Securities Purchase Agreement dated as of August 31, 2018 (as amended, restated, amended and restated, supplemented or WHEREAS, pursuant to the Securities Purchase Agreement, the Grantor has executed and delivered that certain Security Agreement dated as of the date hereof made by the Grantor to the Collateral Agent for the benefit of the Secured Parties (as amended, restated, amended and restated, supplemented or otherwise modified from time to time, the “Security Agreement”; the capitalized terms defined therein and not otherwise defined herein being used herein as therein defined). WHEREAS, under the terms of the Security Agreement, the Grantor has granted to the Collateral Agent, for the ratable benefit of the Secured Parties, a security interest in, among other property, certain intellectual property of the Grantor, and have agreed as a condition thereof to execute this IP Security Agreement for recording with the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office, the United States Copyright Office and other governmental authorities. NOW, THEREFORE, for good and valuable consideration, the receipt and sufficiency of which are hereby acknowledged, Grantor agrees as follows: SECTION 1. Grant of Security. Grantor hereby grants to the Collateral Agent for the ratable benefit of the Secured Parties a security interest in all of Grantor’s right, title and interest in and to the following (the “Collateral”): (i) all patents, patent applications, utility models and statutory invention registrations, all inventions claimed or disclosed therein and all improvements thereto, including, without limitation, those set forth in Schedule A hereto (the “Patents”); (ii) all trademarks, service marks, domain names, trade dress, logos, designs, slogans, trade names, business names, corporate names and other source identifiers, whether registered or unregistered (provided that no security interest shall be granted in United States intent-to-use trademark applications to the extent that, and solely during the period in which, the grant of a security interest therein would impair the validity or enforceability of such intent-to-use trademark applications under applicable federal law), together, in each case, with the goodwill symbolized thereby, including, without limitation, those set forth in Schedule B hereto (the “Trademarks”); (iii) all copyrights, including, without limitation, copyrights in Computer Software (as hereinafter defined), internet web sites and the content thereof, whether registered or unregistered, including, without limitation, the copyright registrations and applications and exclusive copyright licenses set forth in Schedule C hereto (the “Copyrights”); (iv) all reissues, divisions, continuations, continuations-in-part, extensions, renewals and reexaminations of any of the foregoing, all rights in the foregoing provided by international treaties or conventions, all rights corresponding thereto throughout the world and all other rights of any kind whatsoever of Grantor accruing thereunder or pertaining thereto; (v) any and all claims for damages and injunctive relief for past, present and future infringement, dilution, misappropriation, violation, misuse or breach with respect to any of the foregoing, with the right, but not the obligation, to sue for and collect, or otherwise recover, such damages; and (vi) any and all proceeds of, collateral for, income, royalties and other payments now or hereafter due and payable with respect to, and supporting Obligations (as defined in the Security Agreement) relating to, any and all of the Collateral of or arising from any of the foregoing. SECTION 2. Security for Obligations. The grant of a security interest in the Collateral by Grantor under this IP Security Agreement secures the payment of all Secured Obligations now or hereafter existing under or in respect of the Transaction Documents, whether direct or indirect, absolute or contingent, and whether for principal, reimbursement obligations, interest, premiums, penalties, fees, indemnifications, contract causes of action, costs, expenses or otherwise. Without limiting the generality of the foregoing, this IP Security Agreement secures, as to Grantor, the payment of all amounts that constitute part of the Secured Obligations and that would be owed by Grantor to any Secured Party under the Transaction Documents but for the fact that such Secured Obligations are unenforceable or not allowable due to the existence of a bankruptcy, reorganization or similar proceeding involving Grantor. and any other applicable government officer record this IP Security Agreement. SECTION 3. Recordation. Grantor authorizes and requests that the Register of Copyrights, the Commissioner for Patents and the Commissioner for Trademarks deemed to be an original and all of which taken together shall constitute one and the same agreement. SECTION 4. Execution in Counterparts. This IP Security Agreement may be executed in any number of counterparts, each of which when so executed shall be SECTION 5. Grants, Rights and Remedies. This IP Security Agreement has been entered into in conjunction with the provisions of the Security Agreement. Grantor does hereby acknowledge and confirm that the grant of the security interest hereunder to, and the rights and remedies of, the Collateral Agent with respect to the Collateral are more fully set forth in the Security Agreement, the terms and provisions of which are incorporated herein by reference as if fully set forth herein. LAWS OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK WITHOUT REGARD TO CONFLICTS OF LAWS. SECTION 6. GOVERNING LAW. THIS IP SECURITY AGREEMENT SHALL BE GOVERNED BY, AND CONSTRUED IN ACCORDANCE WITH, THE [remainder of page intentionally blank] -2- IN WITNESS WHEREOF, Grantor has caused this IP Security Agreement to be duly executed and delivered by its officer thereunto duly authorized as of the date first above written. APPLIED DNA SCIENCES, INC. By Name: Title: Address for Notices: Exhibit B to the Security Agreement FORM OF INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY SECURITY AGREEMENT SUPPLEMENT This INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY SECURITY AGREEMENT SUPPLEMENT (as amended, restated, amended and restated, supplemented or otherwise modified from time to time, the “IP Security Agreement Supplement”) dated __________, 20__, is made by APPLIED DNA SCIENCES, INC. a Delaware corporation (the “Grantors”) in favor of DELAWARE TRUST COMPANY, a Delaware corporation, as collateral agent (the “ Collateral Agent”) for the Secured Parties (as defined in the Security Agreement referred to below). otherwise modified from time to time, the “Securities Purchase Agreement”) with the Buyers party thereto. WHEREAS, Grantor is party to the Securities Purchase Agreement dated as of [August 31], 2018 (as amended, restated, amended and restated, supplemented or WHEREAS, pursuant to the Securities Purchase Agreement, the Grantor has executed and delivered that certain Security Agreement dated as of October 19, 2018 made by the Grantor to the Collateral Agent for the benefit of the Secured Parties (as amended, restated, amended and restated, supplemented or otherwise modified from time to time, the “Security Agreement”) and that certain Intellectual Property Security Agreement dated [insert date of Intellectual Property Security Agreement] made by the Grantor to the Collateral Agent for the benefit of the Secured Parties (as amended, restated, amended and restated, supplemented or otherwise modified from time to time, the “IP Security Agreement”; the capitalized terms defined therein and not otherwise defined herein being used herein as therein defined). WHEREAS, under the terms of the Security Agreement, the Grantor has granted to the Collateral Agent, for the ratable benefit of the Secured Parties, a security interest in the Additional Collateral (as defined in Section 1 below) of the Grantor and has agreed as a condition thereof to execute this IP Security Agreement Supplement for recording with the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office, the United States Copyright Office and other governmental authorities. NOW, THEREFORE, for good and valuable consideration, the receipt and sufficiency of which are hereby acknowledged, the Grantor agrees as follows: SECTION 1. Grant of Security. Each Grantor hereby grants to the Collateral Agent, for the ratable benefit of the Secured Parties, a security interest in all of such Grantor’s right, title and interest in and to the following (the “Additional Collateral”): (i) all patents, patent applications, utility models and statutory invention registrations, all inventions claimed or disclosed therein and all improvements thereto, including, without limitation, those set forth in Schedule A hereto (the “Patents”); (ii) all trademarks, service marks, domain names, trade dress, logos, designs, slogans, trade names, business names, corporate names and other source identifiers, whether registered or unregistered (provided that no security interest shall be granted in United States intent-to-use trademark applications to the extent that, and solely during the period in which, the grant of a security interest therein would impair the validity or enforceability of such intent-to-use trademark applications under applicable federal law), together, in each case, with the goodwill symbolized thereby, including, without limitation, those set forth in Schedule B hereto (the “Trademarks”); (ii) all copyrights, including, without limitation, copyrights in Computer Software (as hereinafter defined), internet web sites and the content thereof, whether registered or unregistered, including, without limitation, the copyright registrations and applications and exclusive copyright licenses set forth in Schedule C hereto (the “Copyrights”); (iii) all reissues, divisions, continuations, continuations-in-part, extensions, renewals and reexaminations of any of the foregoing, all rights in the foregoing provided by international treaties or conventions, all rights corresponding thereto throughout the world and all other rights of any kind whatsoever of such Grantor accruing thereunder or pertaining thereto; (iv) all any and all claims for damages and injunctive relief for past, present and future infringement, dilution, misappropriation, violation, misuse or breach with respect to any of the foregoing, with the right, but not the obligation, to sue for and collect, or otherwise recover, such damages; and (v) any and all proceeds of, collateral for, income, royalties and other payments now or hereafter due and payable with respect to, and supporting Obligations (as defined in the Security Agreement) relating to, any and all of the foregoing or arising from any of the foregoing. SECTION 2. Security for Obligations. The grant of a security interest in the Additional Collateral by the Grantor under this IP Security Agreement Supplement secures the payment of all Secured Obligations now or hereafter existing under or in respect of the Loan Documents, whether direct or indirect, absolute or contingent, and whether for principal, reimbursement Obligations, interest, premiums, penalties, fees, indemnifications, contract causes of action, costs, expenses or otherwise. Trademarks and any other applicable government officer to record this IP Security Agreement Supplement. SECTION 3. Recordation. The Grantor authorizes and requests that the Register of Copyrights, the Commissioner for Patents and the Commissioner for SECTION 4. Grants, Rights and Remedies. This IP Security Agreement Supplement has been entered into in conjunction with the provisions of the Security Agreement. The Grantor does hereby acknowledge and confirm that the grant of the security interest hereunder to, and the rights and remedies of, the Collateral Agent with respect to the Additional Collateral are more fully set forth in the Security Agreement, the terms and provisions of which are incorporated herein by reference as if fully set forth herein. WITH, THE LAWS OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK WITHOUT REGARD TO CONFLICTS OF LAWS. SECTION 5. GOVERNING LAW. THIS IP SECURITY AGREEMENT SUPPLEMENT SHALL BE GOVERNED BY, AND CONSTRUED IN ACCORDANCE -2- authorized as of the date first above written. IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the Grantor has caused this IP Security Agreement Supplement to be duly executed and delivered by its officer thereunto duly By Name: Title: Address for Notices: -3- Part I: None. Part II: None. SCHEDULE I Investment Property · · Bank of America, Operating Account, Account #004831291068 Bank of America, Money Market Account, Account #483043680826 SCHEDULE II Deposit Accounts None. SCHEDULE III Assigned Agreements SCHEDULE IV Intellectual Property COPYRIGHTS: None. TRADEMARKS: Docket No. 2542-83 2542-82 2542-47 2542-75 2542-95 2542-89 2542-84 2542-89A PATENTS: Client Ref No. 8251-61 2542-75 Country United States United States United States United States United States United States United States United States Application Date 12/13/2016 12/20/2016 06/09/2008 12/09/2016 5/16/2017 3/6/2017 12/23/2016 8/16/2017 Application No. 87/267,216 87/275,103 77/494,134 87/263,954 87/451,220 87/360,183 87/279,792 87/571,726 Registration Date Registration No. 12/12/2017 01/05/2010 05/23/2017 10/17/2017 08/22/2017 5,356,414 3,735,415 5,209,527 5,313,762 5,269,735 Status Filed Registered Registered Registered Filed Registered Registered Filed Country United States Status Granted Application No. Application Date 12/384,554 04/06/2009 Title METHOD FOR A CONTINUOUS RAPID THERMAL CYCLE SYSTEM Patent No. Grant Date 8,163,489 04/24/2012 None. SCHEDULE V Commercial Tort Claims Location of Chief Executive Office, Type of Organization, Jurisdiction of Organization and Organizational Identification Number Location of Chief Executive Office: 50 Health Sciences Drive, Stony Brook, NY 11790 SCHEDULE VI Type of Organization: Corporation Jurisdiction of Organization: Delaware · · · · Organization Identification Number: 59-2262718 None. SCHEDULE VII Changes in Name, Location, Etc. · 50 Health Sciences Drive, Stony Brook, NY 11790 SCHEDULE VIII Locations of Equipment, Inventory and Books and Records None. SCHEDULE IX Letters of Credit None. SCHEDULE X Permitted Liens SCHEDULE XI Excluded Assets · · · the Equity Interests in Applied DNA Sciences India Private Limited, a corporation formed under the laws of India, owned by the Grantor; the Equity Interests in APDN (B.V.I.) Inc., a corporation formed under the laws of the British Virgin Islands, owned by the Grantor; and all Excluded Accounts. Exhibit 10.41 EXECUTION VERSION FIRST AMENDMENT TO SECURITY AGREEMENT This FIRST AMENDMENT TO SECURITY AGREEMENT (this “ Amendment”), dated as of November 26, 2018, is between APPLIED DNA SCIENCES, INC., a Delaware corporation (the “Grantor”) and DELAWARE TRUST COMPANY, a Delaware corporation, as collateral agent (together with its successors and assigns, in such capacity, the “Collateral Agent”) for the benefit of the undersigned investors (each, a “Buyer” and collectively, the “Buyers”; the Buyers and the Collateral Agent are collectively, together with their successors and assigns, referred to herein as the “Secured Parties”) and the other Secured Parties. WITNESSETH: WHEREAS, the Grantor and the Collateral Agent are parties to that certain Security Agreement, dated as of October 19, 2018 (as amended, amended and restated, supplemented or otherwise modified from time to time, the “Security Agreement”), whereby the Grantor granted a security interest in substantially all of its tangible and intangible assets, whether real or personal property, now or hereafter acquired (the “Collateral”), to the Collateral Agent for the ratable benefit of the Secured Parties; WHEREAS, the Collateral Agent, the Grantor, APDN (B.V.I.) Inc. and the Buyers are parties that certain Collateral Agency Agreement, dated as of October 19, 2018 (as amended, amended and restated, supplemented or otherwise modified from time to time, the “Collateral Agency Agreement”), whereby, among other things, the Buyers appointed the Collateral Agent as the Secured Parties’ representative and agent with respect to the Collateral, and the Collateral Agent agreed to take such actions as directed in writing from time to time by the Buyers, including with respect to the perfection of the Collateral Agent’s security interest in the Collateral; WHEREAS, the Grantor has requested and the Secured Parties, by their execution and acknowledgement hereof, have each agreed, subject to the terms of this Amendment, to amend the Security Agreement as provided herein; and NOW, THEREFORE, the parties hereto hereby agree as follows, for good and valuable consideration, the receipt and sufficiency of which is hereby acknowledged: 1 . Definitions. Capitalized terms used and not otherwise defined in this Amendment shall have the respective meanings given to such terms in the Security Agreement. 2. Amendment to the Security Agreement. The parties hereto agree, intending to be legally bound, that Section 5(a) (Maintaining the Account Collateral) of the Security Agreement is hereby amended and restated in its entirely as follows: (a) Grantor will maintain deposit accounts with a bank or other depository institution (a “Pledged Account Bank”) that will agree with Grantor and the Collateral Agent to comply with instructions originated by the Collateral Agent directing the disposition of funds in such deposit account without the further consent of Grantor, such agreement to be in form and substance reasonably satisfactory to the Secured Parties (a “Deposit Account Control Agreement ”). The Secured Parties may require the Grantor to enter into a Deposit Account Control Agreement with such Pledged Account Bank with respect to any such existing deposit accounts, except with respect to Excluded Accounts, upon thirty (30) Business Days prior written notice to the Grantor. 3. Ratification. Except as specifically modified herein, the terms of the Security Agreement and the Collateral Agency Agreement shall remain in full force and effect. This Amendment shall be construed in connection with and as a part of the Security Agreement and, except as expressly amended by this Amendment, all terms, conditions, covenants, representations and warranties contained in the Security Agreement and the Collateral Agency Agreement are hereby ratified and shall be and remain in full force and effect. Any and all notices, requests, certificates and other instruments executed and delivered after the execution and delivery of this Amendment may refer to the Security Agreement without making specific reference to this Amendment, but nevertheless all such references shall include this Amendment. 4 . Parties Bound. This Amendment shall be binding on and inure to the benefit of (i) the Grantor and (ii) the Secured Parties, as well as each of their respective heirs, executors, administrators, legal representatives, successors and assigns, except as otherwise expressly provided for herein. 5 . Counterparts and Signatures. This Amendment may be executed in any number of counterparts, each of which when so executed and delivered shall be deemed to be an original, and all of which taken together shall constitute but one and the same instrument. The transmission or receipt of a facsimile or similar communication being a reproduction of a party’s signature or initial shall produce the same legal result as the transmission or receipt of an original signature or initial. 6 . Severability of Provisions. Any provision of this Amendment which is prohibited and unenforceable in any jurisdiction shall, as to such jurisdiction, be ineffective to the extent of such prohibitive or enforceability without invalidating the remaining provisions hereof or affecting the validity or enforceability of such provisions in any other jurisdiction. 7. Section Headings. The Section headings used in this Amendment are for convenience only and shall not affect the construction of this Amendment. 8. Governing Law. This Amendment shall be governed by and construed in accordance with the laws of the State of New York. 9 . Instruction to Administrative Agent . Each of the Buyers, by its acknowledgement hereof, hereby directs the Collateral Agent to execute and deliver this Amendment, and authorizes the Collateral Agent to take action as agent on its behalf and to exercise such powers and discretion under the Security Agreement, the Collateral Agency Agreement and the other Transaction Documents (as defined in the Collateral Agency Agreement) as are delegated to the Collateral Agent by the terms thereof, together with such powers and discretion as are reasonably incidental. This Section 9 is solely for the benefit of the Collateral Agent and the Buyers and neither the Grantor nor any other Person shall have rights as a third party beneficiary of the provisions in this Section 9. 10. Costs and Expenses. Without limiting any expense or indemnity provisions set forth in the Security Agreement, the Collateral Agency Agreement or any other Transaction Document, the Grantor agrees to pay on demand all reasonable and documented out-of-pocket expenses, fees, and disbursements (including reasonable and documented attorneys’ fees and expenses) of the Collateral Agent and the Buyers in connection with the negotiation, preparation, execution, delivery and administration of this Amendment. [remainder of page intentionally left blank] IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties have executed this Amendment as of the day and year first above written. GRANTOR: APPLIED DNA SCIENCES, INC., a Delaware corporation By: /s/ Beth Jantzen Print Name: Beth Jantzen, CPA Its: Chief Financial Officer [Signatures Continue on Following Page] Signature Page to First Amendment to Security Agreement COLLATERAL AGENT DELAWARE TRUST COMPANY, as Collateral Agent /s/ Alan R. Halpern By: Name: Alan R. Halpern Title: Vice President [Signatures Continue on Following Page] Signature Page to First Amendment to Security Agreement ACKNOWLEDGED AND CONSENTED TO BY BUYERS: By: /s/ James A. Hayward Print Name: James A. Hayward By: /s/ Judith Murrah Print Name: Judith Murrah By: /s/ Yavoc Shamash Print Name: Yavoc Shamash By: /s/ Robert Catell Print Name: Robert Catell /s/ Elizabeth Schmalz Ferguson By: Print Name: Elizabeth Schmalz Ferguson By: /s/ Gregg Baldwin Print Name: Gregg Baldwin /s/ William Montgomery 11/8/18 By: Print Name: William Montgomery By: /s/ Johnette van Eeden Print Name: Johnette van Eeden By: /s/ John Cartier Print Name: John Cartier Signature Page to First Amendment to Security Agreement ACKNOWLEDGED AND CONSENTED TO BY BUYERS (continued): Delabarta II By: /s/ John F. Bitzer III Print Name: John F. Bitzer III Title: President The Rodgers Living Trust Dated April 7, 1995 /s/ Jay Rodgers By: Print Name: Jay D. Rodgers Title: Trustee Signature: /s/ Jay Rodgers Jay Rodgers (Nov 23, 2018) Email: jayrodgers2@gmail.com Signature Page to First Amendment to Security Agreement Exhibit 10.42 EXECUTION VERSION GUARANTY AND SECURITY AGREEMENT dated October 19, 2018 by the Grantor referred to herein as Grantor to Delaware Trust Company as Collateral Agent TABLE OF CONTENTS PAGE Section 1. Section 2. Section 3. Section 4. Section 5. Section 6. Section 7. Section 8. Section 9. Guarantee Guaranty Absolute. Waiver and Acknowledgments. Subrogation Continuing Guaranty Grant of Security Guaranteed Obligations Grantor Remains Liable Delivery and Control of Security Collateral. Section 10. Maintaining the Account Collateral Section 11. Representations and Warranties Section 12. Further Assurances. Section 13. As to Equipment and Inventory. Section 14. As to Books and Records. Section 15. Insurance. Section 16. Post-Closing Changes; Collections on Assigned Agreements, Receivables and Related Contracts. Section 17. As to Intellectual Property Collateral. Section 18. Voting Rights; Dividends; Etc. Section 19. As to Letter-of-Credit Rights. Section 20. Commercial Tort Claims Section 21. Transfers and Other Liens; Additional Shares. Section 22. Collateral Agent Appointed Attorney in Fact Section 23. Collateral Agent May Perform -i- 2 2 4 4 5 5 8 9 9 10 10 13 14 15 15 15 16 17 18 18 18 18 19 19 20 22 23 23 23 23 24 24 Section 24. The Collateral Agent’s Duties. Section 25. Remedies Section 26. Indemnity and Expenses. Section 27. Amendments; Waivers; Additional Grantors; Etc. Section 28. Notices, Etc. Section 29. Continuing Security Interest Section 30. Release; Termination. Section 31. Execution in Counterparts Section 32. Governing Law; Jurisdiction; Waiver of Jury Trial, Etc. Schedules: Schedule I Schedule II Schedule III Schedule IV Schedule V Schedule VI Schedule VII Schedule VIII Schedule IX Schedule X Schedule XI Exhibits: Exhibit A Exhibit B - - - - - - - - - - - - Investment Property Deposit Accounts Assigned Agreements Intellectual Property Commercial Tort Claims Location, Chief Executive Office, Type of Organization, Jurisdiction of Organization and Organizational Identification Number Changes in Name, Location, Etc. Locations of Equipment, Inventory and Books and Records Letters of Credit Permitted Liens Excluded Assets Form of Intellectual Property Security Agreement Form of IP Security Agreement Supplement -ii- GUARANTY AND SECURITY AGREEMENT GUARANTY AND SECURITY AGREEMENT (as amended, supplemented, amended and restated or otherwise modified from time to time, this “ Agreement”) dated October 19, 2018 made by APDN (B.V.I.) Inc., a corporation organized under the laws of the British Virgin Islands (the “ Grantor”), in favor of DELAWARE TRUST COMPANY, a Delaware corporation, as collateral agent (together with any successor collateral agent, in such capacity, the “ Collateral Agent”) for the benefit of the investors listed on the Schedule of Buyers (each a “Buyer” and collectively, the “Buyers”; the Buyers and the Collateral Agent are collectively, with their successors and assigns, the “Secured Parties”)) set forth in the Securities Purchase Agreement, dated as of August 31, 2018 (as amended, amended and restated, supplemented or otherwise modified from time to time) and the other Secured Parties (the “Securities Purchase Agreement”). PRELIMINARY STATEMENTS WHEREAS, APPLIED DNA SCIENCES, INC., a Delaware corporation (the “Company”) and each Buyer are parties to the Securities Purchase Agreement, pursuant to which the Company shall be required to sell, and the Buyers shall purchase or have rights to purchase, on a several and not joint basis the principal amount of the Notes issued pursuant thereto (as such Notes may be amended, amended and restated, supplemented or otherwise modified from time to time, the “Notes”); and WHEREAS, the Grantor is a wholly owned subsidiary of the Company and shall derive substantial benefit from the transactions contemplated in connection with the Securities Purchase Agreement; WHEREAS, it is a condition precedent to the Buyers purchasing the Notes pursuant to the Securities Purchase Agreement that the Grantor shall have executed and delivered to the Collateral Agent this Agreement providing for (i) the guaranty of the Guaranteed Obligations (as defined below) and (ii) the grant to the Collateral Agent for the benefit of the Secured Parties of a security interest in all of the personal property of the Grantor to secure all of the Guaranteed Obligations (as defined below) under the Securities Purchase Agreement, the Notes and the other Transaction Documents; and WHEREAS, the Grantor, the Company, the Buyers and the Collateral Agent are parties to that certain Collateral Agency Agreement dated as of the date hereof (as amended, supplemented, amended and restated or otherwise modified from time to time, the “Collateral Agency Agreement”); and WHEREAS, capitalized terms used herein and not otherwise defined in this Agreement are used in this Agreement as defined in the Securities Purchase Agreement. Further, unless otherwise defined in this Agreement or in the Securities Purchase Agreement, terms defined in Article 8 or 9 of the UCC (as defined below) are used in this Agreement as such terms are defined in such Article 8 or 9. “UCC” means the Uniform Commercial Code as in effect from time to time in the State of New York; provided that, if perfection or the effect of perfection or non-perfection or the priority of the security interest in any Collateral is governed by the Uniform Commercial Code as in effect in a jurisdiction other than the State of New York, “UCC” means the Uniform Commercial Code as in effect from time to time in such other jurisdiction for purposes of the provisions hereof relating to such perfection, effect of perfection or non-perfection or priority. NOW, THEREFORE, in consideration of the premises and in order to induce the Buyers to purchase the Notes under the Securities Purchase Agreement, the Grantor hereby agrees with the Collateral Agent for the ratable benefit of the Secured Parties as follows: Section 1. Guarantee. (a) Grantor hereby absolutely, unconditionally and irrevocably guarantees the punctual payment when due, whether at scheduled maturity or by acceleration, demand or otherwise, of all obligations now or hereafter existing (including, without limitation, any extensions, modifications, substitutions, amendments or renewals of any or all of the foregoing obligations), whether direct or indirect, absolute or contingent, and whether for principal, interest, premiums, fees, commissions, reimbursements, indemnities, contract causes of action, costs, expenses or otherwise (such obligations being the “Guaranteed Obligations”), and agrees to pay any and all expenses (including, without limitation, fees and expenses of counsel) incurred by any Secured Party in enforcing any rights under this Agreement or any other Transaction Document with respect to the Guaranteed Obligations. Without limiting the generality of the foregoing, Grantor’s liability shall extend to all amounts that constitute part of the Guaranteed Obligations and would be owed by the Company to any Secured Party under or in respect of the Transaction Documents but for the fact that they are unenforceable or not allowable due to the existence of a bankruptcy, reorganization or similar proceeding involving the Company. (b) Grantor hereby unconditionally and irrevocably agrees that in the event any payment shall be required to be made to any Secured Party under this Agreement or any other guaranty, Grantor will contribute, to the maximum extent permitted by law, such amounts to any other guarantor so as to maximize the aggregate amount paid to the Secured Parties under or in respect of the Transaction Documents with respect to the Guaranteed Obligations. Section 2. Guaranty Absolute. Grantor guarantees that the Guaranteed Obligations will be paid strictly in accordance with the terms of the Transaction Documents, regardless of any law, regulation or order now or hereafter in effect in any jurisdiction affecting any of such terms or the rights of any Secured Party with respect thereto. The obligations of Grantor under or in respect of this Agreement are primary and independent of or any other obligations of any other Party under or in respect of the Transaction Documents, and a separate action or actions may be brought and prosecuted against Grantor to enforce this Agreement, irrespective of whether any action is brought against the Company or any other Party or whether the Company or any other Party is joined in any such action or actions. The liability of Grantor under this Agreement shall be irrevocable, absolute and unconditional irrespective of, and Grantor hereby irrevocably waives, any defenses it may now have or hereafter acquire in any way relating to, any or all of the following: -2- (a) any lack of validity or enforceability of any Transaction Document or any agreement or instrument relating thereto; (b) any change in the time, manner or place of payment of, or in any other term of, all or any of the Guaranteed Obligations or any other obligations of any other Person under or in respect of the Transaction Documents, or any other amendment or waiver of or any consent to departure from any Transaction Document, including, without limitation, any increase in the Guaranteed Obligations resulting from the issuance of additional Notes by the Company or otherwise; or waiver of, or consent to departure from, any other guaranty, for all or any of the Guaranteed Obligations; (c) any taking, exchange, release or non-perfection of any Collateral (as defined below) or any other collateral, or any taking, release or amendment (d) any manner of application of Collateral or any other collateral, or proceeds thereof, to all or any of the Guaranteed Obligations, or any manner of sale or other disposition of any Collateral or any other collateral for all or any of the Guaranteed Obligations or any other obligations of the Grantor and the Company under the Transaction Documents or any other assets of Grantor or any other Person; (e) any change, restructuring or termination of the entity structure or existence of Grantor; (f) any failure of any Secured Party to disclose to the Grantor any information relating to the business, condition (financial or otherwise), operations, performance, properties or prospects of the Company now or hereafter known to such Secured Party (Grantor waiving any duty on the part of the Secured Parties to disclose such information); guarantor or surety with respect to the Guaranteed Obligations; or (g) the failure of any other Person to execute or deliver any other guaranty or agreement or the release or reduction of liability of any other (h) any other circumstance (including, without limitation, any statute of limitations but excluding indefeasible payment or performance in full of the Guaranteed Obligations) or any existence of or reliance on any representation by any Secured Party that might otherwise constitute a defense available to, or a discharge of, any Grantor or any other guarantor or surety. This Guaranty shall continue to be effective or be reinstated, as the case may be, if at any time any payment of any of the Guaranteed Obligations is rescinded or must otherwise be returned by any Secured Party or any other Person upon the insolvency, bankruptcy or reorganization of the Company or any other Person or otherwise, all as though such payment had not been made. -3- Section 3. Waiver and Acknowledgments. (a) Grantor hereby unconditionally and irrevocably waives promptness, diligence, notice of acceptance, presentment, demand for performance, notice of nonperformance, default, acceleration, protest or dishonor and any other notice with respect to any of the Guaranteed Obligations and this Agreement (other than such notices required by the express terms of this Agreement) and any requirement that any Secured Party protect, secure, perfect or insure any Lien or any property subject thereto or exhaust any right or take any action against the Company or any other Person or any Collateral; continuing in nature and applies to all Guaranteed Obligations, whether existing now or in the future; (b) Grantor hereby unconditionally and irrevocably waives any right to revoke this Agreement and acknowledges that this Agreement is (c) Grantor hereby unconditionally and irrevocably waives (i) any defense arising by reason of any claim or defense based upon an election of remedies by any Secured Party that in any manner impairs, reduces, releases or otherwise adversely affects the subrogation, reimbursement, exoneration, contribution or indemnification rights of Grantor or other rights of Grantor to proceed against any other guarantor or any other Person or any Collateral and (ii) any defense based on any right of set-off or counterclaim against or in respect of the obligations of such Grantor hereunder. (d) Grantor hereby unconditionally and irrevocably waives any duty on the part of any Secured Party to disclose to the Grantor any matter, fact or thing relating to the business, condition (financial or otherwise), operations, performance, properties or prospects of any of such Guarantor’s Subsidiaries now or hereafter known by such Secured Party any manner of application of Collateral or any other collateral, or proceeds thereof, to all or any of the Guaranteed Obligations, or any manner of sale or other disposition of any Collateral or any other collateral for all or any of the Guaranteed Obligations or any other obligations of the Grantor and the Company under the Transaction Documents or any other assets of Grantor or any other Person; Transaction Documents and that the waivers set forth in above are knowingly made in contemplation of such benefits; (e) Grantor acknowledges that it will receive substantial direct and indirect benefits from the issuance of the Notes contemplated by the Section 4. Subrogation. Guarantor hereby unconditionally and irrevocably agrees not to exercise any rights that it may now have or hereafter acquire against the Company or any other guarantor that arise from the existence, payment, performance or enforcement of the Grantor’s obligations under or in respect of this Agreement or any other Transaction Document, including, without limitation, any right of subrogation, reimbursement, exoneration, contribution or indemnification and any right to participate in any claim or remedy of any Secured Party against the Company or any other guarantor or any Collateral, whether or not such claim, remedy or right arises in equity or under contract, statute or common law, including, without limitation, the right to take or receive from the Company or any other guarantor, directly or indirectly, in cash or other property or by set-off or in any other manner, payment or security on account of such claim, remedy or right, unless and until all of the Guaranteed Obligations and all other amounts payable under this Agreement shall have been paid in full in cash and the Notes shall have expired or been terminated. If any amount shall be paid to Grantor in violation of the immediately preceding sentence at any time prior to the payment in full in cash of the Guaranteed Obligations and all other amounts payable under this Agreement, such amount shall be received and held in trust for the benefit of the Secured Parties, shall be segregated from other property and funds of Grantor and shall forthwith be paid or delivered to the Secured Parties in the same form as so received (with any necessary endorsement or assignment) to be credited and applied to the Guaranteed Obligations and all other amounts payable under this Agreement, whether matured or unmatured, in accordance with the terms of the Transaction Documents, or to be held as Collateral for any Guaranteed Obligations or other amounts payable under this Agreement thereafter arising. If (i) Grantor shall make payment to any Secured Party of all or any part of the Guaranteed Obligations and (ii) all of the Guaranteed Obligations and all other amounts payable under this Agreement shall have been paid in full in cash, the Secured Parties will, at Grantor’s request and expense, execute and deliver to Grantor appropriate documents, without recourse and without representation or warranty, necessary to evidence the transfer by subrogation to Grantor of an interest in the Guaranteed Obligations resulting from such payment made by such Grantor pursuant to this Agreement. -4- 5. Continuing Guaranty. This Agreement provides for a continuing guaranty and shall (a) remain in full force and effect until the indefeasible payment in full in cash of the Guaranteed Obligations and all other amounts payable under this Agreement, (b) be binding upon Grantor, its successors and assigns, and (c) inure to the benefit of and be enforceable by the Secured Parties and their successors, permitted transferees and permitted assigns. Section 6. Grant of Security. Grantor hereby grants to the Collateral Agent, for the ratable benefit of the Secured Parties, a security interest in all of Grantor’s tangible and intangible assets, whether real or personal property, now or hereafter acquired, including without limitation all of Grantor’s right, title and interest in and to the following (collectively, the “Collateral”): Section (a) all equipment in all of its forms, including, without limitation, all machinery, tools, motor vehicles, vessels, aircraft, furniture and fixtures, and all parts thereof and all accessions thereto, including, without limitation, computer programs and supporting information that constitute equipment within the meaning of the UCC (any and all such property being the “Equipment”); (b) all inventory in all of its forms, including, without limitation, (i) all raw materials, work in process, finished goods and materials used or consumed in the manufacture, production, preparation or shipping thereof, (ii) goods in which Grantor has an interest in mass or a joint or other interest or right of any kind (including, without limitation, goods in which Grantor has an interest or right as consignee) and (iii) goods that are returned to or repossessed or stopped in transit by Grantor), and all accessions thereto and products thereof and documents therefor, including, without limitation, computer programs and supporting information that constitute inventory within the meaning of the UCC (any and all such property being the “Inventory”); -5- (c) all accounts (including, without limitation, health-care-insurance receivables), chattel paper (including, without limitation, tangible chattel paper and electronic chattel paper), instruments (including, without limitation, promissory notes), deposit accounts (other than Excluded Accounts (defined below)), letter-of-credit rights, general intangibles (including, without limitation, payment intangibles) and other Obligations of any kind, whether or not arising out of or in connection with the sale or lease of goods or the rendering of services and whether or not earned by performance, and all rights now or hereafter existing in and to all supporting Obligations and in and to all security agreements, mortgages, Liens, leases, letters of credit and other contracts securing or otherwise relating to the foregoing property (any and all of such accounts, chattel paper, instruments, deposit accounts, letter-of-credit rights, general intangibles and other Obligations, to the extent not referred to in clause (d), (e) or (f) below, being the “Receivables,” and any and all such supporting Obligations, security agreements, mortgages, Liens, leases, letters of credit and other contracts being the “Related Contracts”); (d) the following (the “Security Collateral”): (i) the all of the shares of capital stock of (or other ownership or profit interests in, including partnership, membership or trust interests) in any entity (“Equity Interests”) listed on Part I of Schedule I (Investment Property) hereto, and the certificates, if any, representing such additional shares or other Equity Interests, and all dividends, distributions, return of capital, cash, instruments and other property from time to time received, receivable or otherwise distributed in respect of or in exchange for any or all of such shares or other Equity Interests and all warrants, rights or options issued thereon or with respect thereto; (ii) the indebtedness listed on Part II of Schedule I (Investment Property) hereto and all additional indebtedness now or from time to time owed to Grantor (such indebtedness being the “Pledged Debt”) and the instruments, if any, evidencing such indebtedness, and all interest, cash, instruments and other property from time to time received, receivable or otherwise distributed in respect of or in exchange for any or all of such indebtedness; and (iii) all other investment property (including, without limitation, all (A) securities, whether certificated or uncertificated, (B) security entitlements, (C) securities accounts, (D) commodity contracts and (E) commodity accounts) in which Grantor has now, or acquires from time to time hereafter, any right, title or interest in any manner, and the certificates or instruments, if any, representing or evidencing such investment property, and all dividends, distributions, return of capital, interest, cash, instruments and other property from time to time received, receivable or otherwise distributed in respect of or in exchange for any or all of such investment property and all warrants, rights or options issued thereon or with respect thereto; (e) each of the agreements listed on Schedule III (Assigned Agreements) attached hereto, in each case as such agreements may be amended, restated, amended and restated, supplemented or otherwise modified from time to time (collectively, the “Assigned Agreements ”), including, without limitation, (w) all rights of Grantor to receive moneys due and to become due under or pursuant to the Assigned Agreements, (x) all rights of Grantor to receive proceeds of any insurance, indemnity, warranty or guaranty with respect to the Assigned Agreements, (y) claims of Grantor for damages arising out of or for breach of or default under the Assigned Agreements and (z) the right of Grantor to terminate the Assigned Agreements, to perform thereunder and to compel performance and otherwise exercise all remedies thereunder (all such Collateral being the “Agreement Collateral”); -6- (f) the following (collectively, the “Account Collateral”): thereto (including, without limitation, all cash equivalents), and all certificates and instruments, if any, from time to time representing or evidencing the Deposit Accounts; (i) the deposit accounts listed on Schedule II (Deposit Accounts) hereto and all funds and financial assets from time to time credited Collateral Agent for or on behalf of Grantor in substitution for or in addition to any or all of the then existing Account Collateral; and (ii) all promissory notes, certificates of deposit, checks and other instruments from time to time delivered to or otherwise possessed by the in respect of or in exchange for any or all of the then existing Account Collateral; (iii) all interest, dividends, distributions, cash, instruments and other property from time to time received, receivable or otherwise distributed (g) the following (collectively, the “Intellectual Property Collateral”): improvements thereto (“Patents”); (i) all patents, patent applications, utility models and statutory invention registrations, all inventions claimed or disclosed therein and all (ii) all trademarks, service marks, domain names, trade dress, logos, designs, slogans, trade names, business names, corporate names and other source identifiers, whether registered or unregistered (provided that no security interest shall be granted in United States intent-to-use trademark applications to the extent that, and solely during the period in which, the grant of a security interest therein would impair the validity or enforceability of such intent-to-use trademark applications under applicable federal law), together, in each case, with the goodwill symbolized thereby (“Trademarks”); content thereof, whether registered or unregistered (“Copyrights”); (iii) all copyrights, including, without limitation, copyrights in Computer Software (as hereinafter defined), internet web sites and the (iv) all computer software, programs and databases (including, without limitation, source code, object code and all related applications and data files), firmware and documentation and materials relating thereto, together with any and all maintenance rights, service rights, programming rights, hosting rights, test rights, improvement rights, renewal rights and indemnification rights and any substitutions, replacements, improvements, error corrections, updates and new versions of any of the foregoing (“Computer Software”); (v) all confidential and proprietary information, including, without limitation, know-how, trade secrets, manufacturing and production processes and techniques, inventions, research and development information, databases and data, including, without limitation, technical data, financial, marketing and business data, pricing and cost information, business and marketing plans and customer and supplier lists and information (collectively, “Trade Secrets”), and all other intellectual, industrial and intangible property of any type, including, without limitation, industrial designs and mask works; -7- (vi) all registrations and applications for registration for any of the foregoing, including, without limitation, those registrations and applications for registration set forth in Schedule IV (Intellectual Property) attached hereto, together with all reissues, divisions, continuations, continuations-in-part, extensions, renewals and reexaminations thereof; corresponding thereto throughout the world and all other rights of any kind whatsoever of Grantor accruing thereunder or pertaining thereto; (vii) all tangible embodiments of the foregoing, all rights in the foregoing provided by international treaties or conventions, all rights (viii) all agreements, permits, consents, orders and franchises relating to the license, development, use or disclosure of any of the foregoing to which Grantor, now or hereafter, is a party or a beneficiary, including, without limitation, the agreements set forth in Schedule IV (Intellectual Property) attached hereto, (“IP Agreements”); and misuse or breach with respect to any of the foregoing, with the right, but not the obligation, to sue for and collect, or otherwise recover, such damages; (ix) any and all claims for damages and injunctive relief for past, present and future infringement, dilution, misappropriation, violation, which the Grantors have complied with the requirements of Section 20, the “Commercial Tort Claims Collateral”); (h) the commercial tort claims described in Schedule V (Commercial Tort Claims) attached hereto (together with any commercial tort claims as to Grantor pertaining to any of the Collateral; and (i) all books and records (including, without limitation, customer lists, credit files, printouts and other computer output materials and records) of (j) all proceeds of, collateral for, income, royalties and other payments now or hereafter due and payable with respect to, and supporting Obligations relating to, any and all of the Collateral (including, without limitation, proceeds, collateral and supporting Obligations that constitute property of the types described in clauses (a) through (i) of this Section 6) and, to the extent not otherwise included, all (A) payments under insurance (whether or not the Collateral Agent is the loss payee thereof), or any indemnity, warranty or guaranty, payable by reason of loss or damage to or otherwise with respect to any of the foregoing Collateral, and (B) cash; provided that the term “Collateral” shall at all times exclude all Excluded Assets. “Excluded Assets” means all assets listed on Schedule XI (Excluded Assets) attached hereto. Section 7. Security for Guaranteed Obligations. This Agreement and the Collateral granted hereunder secures, in the case of Grantor, the payment of all Guaranteed Obligations now or hereafter existing, whether direct or indirect, absolute or contingent, and whether for principal, reimbursement Guaranteed Obligations, interest, fees, premiums, penalties, indemnifications, contract causes of action, costs, expenses or otherwise (all such Guaranteed Obligations, the “Secured Obligations”). Without limiting the generality of the foregoing, this Agreement secures the payment of all amounts that constitute part of the Secured Obligations and would be owed by Grantor to any Secured Party under the Transaction Documents but for the fact that they are unenforceable or not allowable due to the existence of a bankruptcy, reorganization or similar proceeding involving the Grantor. -8- Section 8. Grantor Remains Liable. Anything herein to the contrary notwithstanding, (a) Grantor shall remain liable under the contracts and agreements included in the Collateral to the extent set forth therein to perform all of its duties and obligations thereunder to the same extent as if this Agreement had not been executed, (b) the exercise by the Collateral Agent of any of the rights hereunder shall not release Grantor from any of its duties or obligations under the contracts and agreements included in the Collateral and (c) no Secured Party shall have any obligation or liability under the contracts and agreements included in the Collateral by reason of this Agreement or any other Transaction Document, nor shall any Secured Party be obligated to perform any of the Secured Obligations or duties of Grantor thereunder or to take any action to collect or enforce any claim for payment assigned hereunder. Section 9. Delivery and Control of Security Collateral. (a) All certificates or instruments representing or evidencing Security Collateral shall be delivered to and held by or on behalf of the Collateral Agent pursuant hereto and shall be in suitable form for transfer by delivery, or shall be accompanied by duly executed instruments of transfer or assignment in blank, all in form and substance reasonably satisfactory to the Secured Parties. The Collateral Agent shall have the right at any time to exchange certificates or instruments representing or evidencing Security Collateral for certificates or instruments of smaller or larger denominations. (b) With respect to any Security Collateral that constitutes an uncertificated security, the Grantor will cause the issuer either (i) to register the Collateral Agent as the registered owner of such security or (ii) to agree with Grantor and the Collateral Agent that such issuer will comply with instructions with respect to such security originated by the Collateral Agent without further consent of Grantor, such agreement to be in form and substance reasonably satisfactory to the Secured Parties (such agreement being an “Uncertificated Security Control Agreement”). (c) With respect to any Security Collateral that constitutes a security entitlement as to which the financial institution acting as Collateral Agent hereunder is not the securities intermediary, Grantor will cause the securities intermediary with respect to such security entitlement either (i) to identify in its records the Collateral Agent as the entitlement holder thereof or (ii) to agree with Grantor and the Collateral Agent that such securities intermediary will comply with entitlement orders originated by the Collateral Agent without further consent of Grantor, such agreement to be in form and substance reasonably satisfactory to the Secured Parties (a “ Securities Account Control Agreement”). (d) The Collateral Agent shall have the right, at any time and without notice to any Grantor, to endorse, assign or otherwise transfer to or to register in the name of the Collateral Agent or any of its nominees or endorse for negotiation any or all of the Security Collateral, without any indication that such Security Collateral is subject to the security interest hereunder, subject only to the revocable rights specified in Section 18(a). -9- Collateral is subject to the security interest granted hereunder. (e) Upon the request of the Collateral Agent, Grantor will notify each issuer of Security Collateral granted by it hereunder that such Security Section 10. Maintaining the Account Collateral. So long as the Secured Obligations remain outstanding and unpaid: (a) Grantor will maintain deposit accounts only with a bank or other depository institution (a “Pledged Account Bank”) that has agreed (or will agree) with Grantor and the Collateral Agent to comply with instructions originated by the Collateral Agent directing the disposition of funds in such deposit account without the further consent of Grantor, such agreement to be in form and substance reasonably satisfactory to the Secured Parties (a “Deposit Account Control Agreement ”). As a condition to the establishment and maintenance of deposit accounts with any such bank or other depository institution, Grantor shall have entered into a Deposit Account Control Agreement with such Pledged Account Bank, except with respect to Excluded Accounts (defined below). Deposit Accounts, to satisfy the Secured Obligations under the Transaction Documents only if an Event of Default shall have occurred and be continuing. (b) The Collateral Agent may, without notice to, or consent from, Grantor, give such instructions, transfer, or direct the transfer of, funds from the payroll, bonuses, other compensation and related expenses and (b) any accounts held outside of the United States of America. (c) For the purposes hereof, “Excluded Accounts” means (a) any deposit account that is used solely for escrow, tax, tax withholding, payment of Section 11. Representations and Warranties. Grantor represents and warrants as follows: (a) As of the Effective Date, Grantor’s exact legal name, location of chief executive office, type of organization, jurisdiction of organization and organizational identification number (if any) are set forth in Schedule VI (Location, Chief Executive Office, Type of Organization, Jurisdiction of Organization and Organizational Identification Number); attached hereto. Grantor has no trade names other than as listed on Schedule VI (Location, Chief Executive Office, Type of Organization, Jurisdiction of Organization and Organizational Identification Number) attached hereto. Within the five years preceding the Effective Date, Grantor has not changed its name, location of its chief executive office, type of organization, jurisdiction of organization or organizational identification number from those set forth in Schedule VI (Location, Chief Executive Office, Type of Organization, Jurisdiction of Organization and Organizational Identification Number) attached hereto except as set forth in Schedule VII (Changes in Name, Location, Etc.) attached hereto. -10- (b) Grantor is the legal and beneficial owner of the Collateral granted or purported to be granted by it free and clear of any Lien, claim, option or right of others, except for the security interest created under this Agreement or permitted hereunder and listed on Schedule X (Permitted Liens). No effective financing statement or other instrument similar in effect covering all or any part of such Collateral or listing Grantor or any trade name of Grantor as debtor is on file in any recording office, except such as may have been filed in favor of the Collateral Agent relating to the Transaction Documents or as otherwise permitted under the Securities Purchase Agreement. (c) All of the Equipment and Inventory of Grantor is located at the places specified therefor in Schedule VIII (Locations of Equipment, Inventory and Books and Records) attached hereto or at another location as to which Grantor has complied with the requirements of Section 13(a). Grantor has exclusive possession and control of its Equipment and Inventory. (d) All books and records related to the Collateral are located at the places specified therefor in Schedule VIII (Locations of Equipment, Inventory and Books and Records) attached hereto. Grantor agrees to obtain a lien waiver and access agreement in favor of the Collateral Agent, in form and substance reasonably satisfactory to the Secured Parties, with respect to each location in which any books and records are stored. Grantor further agrees to deliver a fully-executed copy of such lien waiver and access agreement to the Collateral Agent prior to the delivery of such books and records to any other location. Collateral Agent. (e) None of the Receivables or Agreement Collateral is evidenced by a promissory note or other instrument that has not been delivered to the (f) If Grantor is an issuer of Security Collateral, Grantor confirms that it has received notice of the security interest granted hereunder. (g) The Pledged Equity pledged by Grantor hereunder (if any) has been duly authorized and validly issued and is fully paid and non-assessable. The Pledged Debt issued by Grantor and pledged by another Grantor hereunder has been duly authorized, authenticated or issued and delivered, is the valid and legally binding obligation of the issuers thereof and is evidenced by one or more promissory notes (which promissory notes have been delivered to the Collateral Agent). (h) The Pledged Equity pledged by Grantor constitutes the percentage of the issued and outstanding Equity Interests of the issuers thereof indicated on Part I of Schedule I (Investment Property) attached hereto. The Pledged Debt constitutes all of the outstanding indebtedness owed to Grantor by the issuers thereof and is outstanding in the principal amount indicated, Part II of Schedule I (Investment Property) attached hereto, as of the date hereof and is not in default. Property). (i) Grantor has no investment property, other than the investment property listed on Schedule I (Pledged Equity; Pledged Debt; Investment (j) Grantor shall use best efforts to deliver to the Collateral Agent a consent in form and substance reasonably satisfactory to the Secured Parties from each party to the Assigned Agreements to which the Borrower is a party to the grant of a security interest in such Assigned Agreement pursuant to this Agreement (which by its terms does not require any such consent or for which a consent was previously obtained). -11- Accounts and additional deposit accounts as to which Grantor has complied (or as the case may be, will comply) with the applicable requirements of Section 10. (k) Grantor has no deposit accounts other than the Deposit Accounts listed on Schedule II (Deposit Accounts) attached hereto, Excluded attached hereto and additional letters of credit as to which Grantor has complied with the requirements of Section 19. (l) Grantor is not a beneficiary or assignee under any letter of credit, other than the letters of credit described in Schedule IX (Letters of Credit) (m) This Agreement creates in favor of the Collateral Agent for the benefit of the Secured Parties a valid first priority security interest in the Collateral granted by Grantor, securing the payment of the Secured Obligations; such security interest is subject in priority only to the Permitted Liens and the recording of all filings and other actions (including, without limitation, (A) actions necessary to obtain control of Collateral as provided in Sections 9-104, 9-105, 9-106 and 9-107 of the UCC and (B) actions necessary to perfect the Collateral Agent’s security interest with respect to Collateral evidenced by a certificate of title) necessary to perfect the security interest in the Collateral granted by Grantor have been duly made or taken and are in full force and effect on and after the date hereof. (n) No authorization or approval or other action by, and no notice to or filing with, any governmental authority or regulatory body or any other third party is required for (i) the grant by Grantor of the security interest granted hereunder or for the execution, delivery or performance of this Agreement by Grantor, (ii) the perfection or maintenance of the security interest created hereunder (including the first priority nature of such security interest), except for the filing of financing and continuation statements under the UCC, which financing statements shall have been duly filed within 45 days of the Closing, as defined in the Securities Purchase Agreement and, upon filing, shall be in full force and effect, the recordation of the Intellectual Property Security Agreements referred to in Section 17(c) with the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office and the U.S. Copyright Office, and the actions described in Section 9 with respect to the Security Collateral, which actions have been taken and are in full force and effect, or (iii) the exercise by the Collateral Agent of its voting or other rights provided for in this Agreement or the remedies in respect of the Collateral pursuant to this Agreement, except as may be required in connection with the disposition of any portion of the Security Collateral by laws affecting the offering and sale of securities generally. (o) The Inventory that has been produced or distributed by Grantor has been produced in material compliance with all requirements of applicable law. (p) As to itself and its Intellectual Property Collateral: (i) The operation of Grantor’s business as currently conducted or as contemplated to be conducted and the use of the Intellectual Property Collateral in connection therewith, to the best of Grantor’s knowledge, do not conflict with, infringe, misappropriate, dilute, misuse or otherwise violate the intellectual property rights of any third party. -12- Intellectual Property Collateral subject only to the terms of the IP Agreements. (ii) Grantor is the exclusive owner of all right, title and interest in and to the Intellectual Property Collateral, and is entitled to use all (iii) Subject to Schedule XI (Excluded Assets), the Intellectual Property Collateral set forth on Schedule IV (Intellectual Property) attached hereto includes all of the patents, patent applications, domain names, trademark registrations and applications, copyright registrations and applications and IP Agreements owned by Grantor as of the date hereof. (iv) The Intellectual Property Collateral is subsisting and has not been adjudged invalid or unenforceable in whole or in part, and to the best of Grantor’s knowledge, is valid and enforceable. Grantor is not aware of any uses of any item of Intellectual Property Collateral that could be expected to lead to such item becoming invalid or unenforceable. any of the Intellectual Property Collateral. (v) The consummation of the transactions contemplated by the Transaction Documents will not result in the termination or impairment of commercial tort claims as to which Grantor has complied with the requirements of Section 20. (q) Grantor has no commercial tort claims other than those listed in Schedule V (Commercial Tort Claims) attached hereto and additional Section 12. Further Assurances. (a) Grantor agrees that from time to time, at the expense of Grantor, Grantor will promptly execute and deliver, or otherwise authenticate, all further instruments and documents, and take all further action that may be necessary or desirable, or that the Collateral Agent may request, in order to perfect and protect any pledge or security interest granted or purported to be granted by Grantor hereunder or to enable the Collateral Agent to exercise and enforce its rights and remedies hereunder with respect to any Collateral of Grantor. Without limiting the generality of the foregoing, Grantor will promptly with respect to Collateral of Grantor: (i) mark conspicuously each document included in Inventory, each chattel paper included in Receivables, each Related Contract and, at the request of the Collateral Agent, each of its records pertaining to such Collateral with a legend, in form and substance reasonably satisfactory to the Secured Parties, indicating that such document, chattel paper, Related Contract, Assigned Agreement or Collateral is subject to the security interest granted hereby; (ii) if any such Collateral shall be evidenced by a certificate, promissory note or other instrument or chattel paper, deliver and pledge to the Collateral Agent hereunder such certificate, note or instrument or chattel paper duly indorsed and accompanied by duly executed instruments of transfer or assignment, all in form and substance reasonably satisfactory to the Secured Parties; (iii) file such financing or continuation statements, or amendments thereto, and such other instruments or notices, as may be necessary or desirable, or as the Collateral Agent may request, in order to perfect and preserve the security interest granted or purported to be granted by Grantor hereunder; (iv) take all action to ensure that the Collateral Agent’s security interest is noted on any certificate of title related to any Collateral evidenced by a certificate of title; (v) to cause the relevant depository institutions, banks, financial intermediaries, securities intermediaries and issuers to execute and deliver such Deposit Account Control Agreements, Uncertificated Security Control Agreements, Securities Account Control Agreements and other control agreements, as may be necessary or as the Collateral Agent may from time to time require; and (vi) deliver to the Collateral Agent evidence that all other actions that the Collateral Agent may deem reasonably necessary or desirable in order to perfect and protect the security interest granted or purported to be granted by Grantor under this Agreement has been taken. -13- (b) Grantor hereby authorizes the Secured Parties to file one or more financing or continuation statements, and amendments thereto, including, without limitation, one or more financing statements indicating that such financing statements cover all assets or all personal property (or words of similar effect) of Grantor, regardless of whether any particular asset described in such financing statements falls within the scope of the UCC or the granting clause of this Agreement. A photocopy or other reproduction of this Agreement shall be sufficient as a financing statement where permitted by law. Grantor ratifies its authorization for the Secured Parties to have filed such financing statements, continuation statements or amendments filed prior to the date hereof. Grantor and such other reports in connection with such Collateral as the Secured Parties may reasonably request, all in reasonable detail. (c) Grantor will furnish to the Collateral Agent from time to time statements and schedules further identifying and describing the Collateral of Section 13. As to Equipment and Inventory. (a) Grantor will keep its Equipment and Inventory (other than Inventory sold in the ordinary course of business and Equipment and Inventory in transit in the ordinary course of business) at the places therefor specified in Section 11(c) or, upon ten (10) Business Days’ prior written notice to the Collateral Agent, at such other places designated by Grantor in such notice which shall be an approved warehouse as to which a lien waiver and access agreement has been obtained in favor of and delivered to the Collateral Agent, in form and substance reasonably satisfactory to the Secured Parties. (b) Grantor will cause its Equipment to be maintained and preserved in the same condition, repair and working order as when new, ordinary wear and tear excepted, and will forthwith, or in the case of any loss or damage to any of such Equipment as soon as practicable after the occurrence thereof, make or cause to be made all repairs, replacements and other improvements in connection therewith that are desirable to such end. (c) Grantor will pay promptly when due all property and other taxes, assessments and governmental charges or levies imposed upon, and all claims (including, without limitation, claims for labor, materials and supplies) against, its Equipment and Inventory. In producing its Inventory, Grantor will comply, in all material respects, with all requirements of applicable law. -14- Section 14. As to Books and Records. Grantor will keep its books and records at the places therefor specified in Section 11(d) or, upon ten (10) Business Days’ prior written notice to the Collateral Agent, at such other places designated by Grantor in such notice which shall be an approved warehouse as to which a lien waiver and access agreement has been obtained in favor of and delivered to the Collateral Agent, in form and substance reasonably satisfactory to the Secured Parties. Section 15. Insurance. Grantor shall maintain insurance (including property insurance, lender loss payable endorsements, etc.) in such amounts and covering such risks as are reasonably acceptable to the to the Secured Parties and are usually carried by companies engaged in similar businesses and owning similar properties in the same general areas in which Grantor operates, including without limitation, insurance on the Collateral. Section 16. Post-Closing Changes; Collections on Assigned Agreements, Receivables and Related Contracts. (a) Grantor shall not change its name, type of organization, jurisdiction of organization, organizational identification number or location from those set forth in Section 11(a) of this Agreement without prior written notice to the Collateral Agent. Grantor will hold and preserve its records relating to the Collateral, including, without limitation, the Assigned Agreements and Related Contracts, and will permit representatives of the Collateral Agent at any time during normal business hours and upon reasonable notice to inspect and make abstracts from such records and other documents. If any Grantor does not have an organizational identification number and later obtains one, it will forthwith notify the Collateral Agent of such organizational identification number. (b) Except as otherwise provided in this Section 16, Grantor will continue to collect, at its own expense, all amounts due or to become due to Grantor under the Assigned Agreements, Receivables and Related Contracts. In connection with such collections, Grantor may take such action as Grantor may deem necessary or advisable to enforce collection of the Assigned Agreements, Receivables and Related Contracts; provided, however, that the Collateral Agent shall have the right at any time, upon the occurrence and during the continuance of an Event of Default, to take any steps it or the other Secured Parties may deem necessary or advisable, including but not limited to, notifying the obligors under any Assigned Agreements, Receivables and Related Contracts of the assignment of such Assigned Agreements, Receivables and Related Contracts to the Collateral Agent and directing such obligors to make payment of all amounts due or to become due to Grantor thereunder directly to the Collateral Agent and, upon such notification and at the expense of Grantor, to enforce collection of any such Assigned Agreements, Receivables and Related Contracts, to adjust, settle or compromise the amount or payment thereof, in the same manner and to the same extent as Grantor might have done, and to otherwise exercise all rights with respect to such Assigned Agreements, Receivables and Related Contracts, including, without limitation, those set forth set forth in Section 9-607 of the UCC. After receipt by any Grantor of the notice from the Collateral Agent referred to in the proviso to the preceding sentence, Grantor will not adjust, settle or compromise the amount or payment of any Receivable or amount due on any Assigned Agreement or Related Contract, release wholly or partly any obligor thereof or allow any credit or discount thereon. No Grantor will permit or consent to the subordination of its right to payment under any of the Assigned Agreements, Receivables and Related Contracts to any other indebtedness or Obligations of the obligor thereof. -15- Section 17. As to Intellectual Property Collateral. (a) No Grantor shall, without the written consent of the Collateral Agent, discontinue use of or otherwise abandon any Intellectual Property Collateral, or abandon any right to file an application for patent, trademark, or copyright, unless Grantor shall have previously determined that such use or the pursuit or maintenance of such Intellectual Property Collateral is no longer desirable in the conduct of Grantor’s business and that the loss thereof could not reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Change. (b) Grantor shall use proper statutory notice in connection with its use of each item of its Intellectual Property Collateral. Except as permitted in Section 17(a) above, Grantor shall not do or permit any act or knowingly omit to do any act whereby any of its Intellectual Property Collateral may lapse or become invalid or unenforceable or placed in the public domain. (c) With respect to its Intellectual Property Collateral, Grantor agrees to execute or otherwise authenticate an agreement, in substantially the form set forth in Exhibit A hereto or otherwise in form and substance reasonably satisfactory to the Secured Parties (an “Intellectual Property Security Agreement”), for recording the security interest granted hereunder to the Collateral Agent in such Intellectual Property Collateral with the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office, the U.S. Copyright Office and any other governmental authorities necessary to perfect the security interest hereunder in such Intellectual Property Collateral. (d) Grantor agrees that should it obtain an ownership interest in any item of the type set forth in Section 6(g) that is not on the date hereof a part of the Intellectual Property Collateral (“After-Acquired Intellectual Property”) (i) the provisions of this Agreement shall automatically apply thereto, and (ii) any such After-Acquired Intellectual Property and, in the case of trademarks, the goodwill symbolized thereby, shall automatically become part of the Intellectual Property Collateral subject to the terms and conditions of this Agreement with respect thereto. Grantor shall give prompt written notice to the Collateral Agent identifying the After-Acquired Intellectual Property, and Grantor shall execute and deliver to the Collateral Agent with such written notice, or otherwise authenticate, an agreement substantially in the form of Exhibit B hereto or otherwise in form and substance reasonably satisfactory to the Secured Parties (an “IP Security Agreement Supplement”) covering such After-Acquired Intellectual Property, which IP Security Agreement Supplement shall be recorded with the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office, the U.S. Copyright Office and any other governmental authorities necessary to perfect the security interest hereunder in such After-Acquired Intellectual Property. -16- Section 18. Voting Rights; Dividends; Etc. (a) So long as no Event of Default shall have occurred and be continuing: (i) Grantor shall be entitled to exercise any and all voting and other consensual rights pertaining to the Security Collateral of Grantor or any part thereof for any purpose; provided, however, that Grantor will not exercise or refrain from exercising any such right if such action would reasonably be expected to have a material adverse effect on the value of the Security Collateral or any part thereof. (ii) Grantor shall be entitled to receive and retain any and all dividends, interest and other distributions paid in respect of the Security Collateral of Grantor if and to the extent that the payment thereof is not otherwise prohibited by the terms of the Transaction Documents; provided, however, except as otherwise provided in the Securities Purchase Agreement, any and all dividends, interest and other distributions paid or payable other than in cash in respect of, and instruments and other property received, receivable or otherwise distributed in respect of, or in exchange for, any Security Collateral shall be, and shall be forthwith delivered to the Collateral Agent to hold as, Security Collateral and shall, if received by Grantor, be received in trust for the benefit of the Collateral Agent, be segregated from the other property or funds of Grantor and be forthwith delivered to the Collateral Agent as Security Collateral in the same form as so received (with any necessary endorsement). (iii) The Collateral Agent will execute and deliver (or cause to be executed and delivered) to Grantor all such proxies and other instruments as Grantor may reasonably request for the purpose of enabling Grantor to exercise the voting and other rights that it is entitled to exercise pursuant to paragraph (i) above and to receive the dividends or interest payments that it is authorized to receive and retain pursuant to paragraph (ii) above. (b) Upon the occurrence and during the continuance of an Event of Default: (i) All rights of Grantor (x) to exercise or refrain from exercising the voting and other consensual rights that it would otherwise be entitled to exercise pursuant to Section 18(a)(i) shall, upon notice to Grantor by the Collateral Agent, cease and (y) to receive the dividends, interest and other distributions that it would otherwise be authorized to receive and retain pursuant to Section 18(a)(ii) shall automatically cease, and all such rights shall thereupon become vested in the Collateral Agent, which shall thereupon have the sole right to exercise or refrain from exercising such voting and other consensual rights and to receive and hold as Security Collateral such dividends, interest and other distributions. (ii) All dividends, interest and other distributions that are received by any Grantor contrary to the provisions of paragraph (i) of this Section 18(b) shall be received in trust for the benefit of the Collateral Agent, shall be segregated from other funds of Grantor and shall be forthwith paid over to the Collateral Agent as Security Collateral in the same form as so received (with any necessary endorsement). -17- Section 19. As to Letter-of-Credit Rights. (a) Grantor, by granting a security interest in its Receivables consisting of letter-of-credit rights to the Collateral Agent, intends to (and hereby does) assign to the Collateral Agent its rights (including its contingent rights) to the proceeds of all Related Contracts consisting of letters of credit of which it is or hereafter becomes a beneficiary or assignee. Grantor will promptly use commercially reasonable efforts to cause the issuer of each letter of credit in favor of Grantor and each nominated person (if any) with respect thereto to consent to such assignment of the proceeds thereof pursuant to a consent in form and substance reasonably satisfactory to the Secured Parties and deliver written evidence of such consent to the Collateral Agent. (b) Upon the occurrence of an Event of Default, Grantor will, promptly upon request by the Collateral Agent, (i) notify (and Grantor hereby authorizes the Collateral Agent to notify) the issuer and each nominated person with respect to each of the Related Contracts consisting of letters of credit that the proceeds thereof have been assigned to the Collateral Agent hereunder and any payments due or to become due in respect thereof are to be made directly to the Collateral Agent or its designee and (ii) arrange for the Collateral Agent to become the transferee beneficiary of letter of credit. Section 20. Commercial Tort Claims. Grantor will promptly give notice to the Collateral Agent of any commercial tort claim that may arise after the date hereof and will immediately execute or otherwise authenticate a supplement to this Agreement, and otherwise take all necessary action, to subject such commercial tort claim to the first priority security interest created under this Agreement. Section 21. Transfers and Other Liens; Additional Shares. (a) Grantor agrees that it will not (i) sell, assign or otherwise dispose of, or grant any option with respect to, any of the Collateral, other than sales, assignments and other dispositions of Collateral, and options relating to Collateral, permitted under the terms of the Securities Purchase Agreement, or (ii) create or suffer to exist any Lien upon or with respect to any of the Collateral of Grantor except for the pledge, assignment and security interest created under this Agreement and Liens permitted under the Securities Purchase Agreement. (b) Grantor agrees that it will (i) cause each issuer of the Pledged Equity pledged by Grantor not to issue any Equity Interests or other securities in addition to or in substitution for the Pledged Equity issued by such issuer, except to Grantor, and (ii) pledge hereunder, immediately upon its acquisition (directly or indirectly) thereof, any and all additional Equity Interests or other securities. Section 22. Collateral Agent Appointed Attorney in Fact. Grantor hereby irrevocably appoints the Collateral Agent as attorney in fact, with full authority in the place and stead of Grantor and in the name of Grantor or otherwise, from time to time, to take any action and to execute any instrument that the Collateral Agent or the other Secured Parties may deem necessary or advisable to accomplish the purposes of this Agreement, including, without limitation, upon the occurrence and during the continuance of an Event of Default, to: (a) obtain and adjust insurance required to be paid to the Collateral Agent pursuant to, or in accordance with, Section 14, -18- respect of any of the Collateral, (b) ask for, demand, collect, sue for, recover, compromise, receive and give acquittance and receipts for moneys due and to become due under or in (c) receive, indorse and collect any drafts or other instruments, documents and chattel paper, in connection with clause (a) or (b) above, and (d) file any claims or take any action or institute any proceedings that the Collateral Agent or the other Secured Parties may deem necessary or desirable for the collection of any of the Collateral or otherwise to enforce compliance with the terms and conditions of any Assigned Agreement or the rights of the Collateral Agent with respect to any of the Collateral. 23. Collateral Agent May Perform. If any Grantor fails to perform any agreement contained herein, the Collateral Agent may, but without any obligation to do so and without notice, itself perform, or cause performance of, such agreement, and the expenses of the Collateral Agent incurred in connection therewith shall be payable by Grantor under Section 26. Section Section 24. The Collateral Agent’s Duties. (a) The powers conferred on the Collateral Agent hereunder are solely to protect the Secured Parties’ interest in the Collateral and shall not impose any duty upon it to exercise any such powers. Except for the safe custody of any Collateral in its possession and the accounting for moneys actually received by it hereunder, the Collateral Agent shall have no duty as to any Collateral, as to ascertaining or taking action with respect to calls, conversions, exchanges, maturities, tenders or other matters relative to any Collateral, whether or not any Secured Party has or is deemed to have knowledge of such matters, or as to the taking of any necessary steps to preserve rights against any parties or any other rights pertaining to any Collateral. The Collateral Agent shall be deemed to have exercised reasonable care in the custody and preservation of any Collateral in its possession if such Collateral is accorded treatment substantially equal to that which it accords its own property. (b) Anything contained herein to the contrary notwithstanding, the Collateral Agent may from time to time, when the Collateral Agent in its discretion deems it to be necessary or advisable, appoint one or more subagents (each a “Subagent”) for the Collateral Agent hereunder with respect to all or any part of the Collateral. In the event that the Collateral Agent so appoints any Subagent with respect to any Collateral, (i) the assignment and pledge of such Collateral and the security interest granted in such Collateral by Grantor hereunder shall be deemed for purposes of this Security Agreement to have been made to such Subagent, in addition to the Collateral Agent, for the ratable benefit of the Secured Parties, as security for the Secured Obligations of Grantor, (ii) such Subagent shall automatically be vested, in addition to the Collateral Agent, with all rights, powers, privileges, interests and remedies of the Collateral Agent hereunder with respect to such Collateral, and (iii) the term “Collateral Agent,” when used herein in relation to any rights, powers, privileges, interests and remedies of the Collateral Agent with respect to such Collateral, shall include such Subagent; provided, however, that no such Subagent shall be authorized to take any action with respect to any such Collateral unless and except to the extent expressly authorized in writing by the Collateral Agent. -19- Section 25. Remedies. If any Event of Default shall have occurred and be continuing: (a) The Collateral Agent may exercise in respect of the Collateral, in addition to other rights and remedies provided for herein or otherwise available to it, all the rights and remedies of a secured party upon default under the UCC (whether or not the UCC applies to the affected Collateral) and also may: (i) require Grantor to, and Grantor hereby agrees that it will at its expense and upon request of the Collateral Agent forthwith, to the extent commercially feasible, assemble all or part of the Collateral as directed by the Collateral Agent and make it available to the Collateral Agent at a place and time to be designated by the Collateral Agent that is reasonably convenient to both parties; (ii) without notice except as specified below or as otherwise required pursuant to Section 9-611 of the UCC, sell the Collateral or any part thereof in one or more parcels at public or private sale, at any of the Collateral Agent’s offices or elsewhere, for cash, on credit or for future delivery, and upon such other terms as are in accordance with applicable law; (iii) occupy any premises owned or leased by any of the Grantors where the Collateral or any part thereof is assembled or located for a reasonable period in order to effectuate its rights and remedies hereunder or under law; and (iv) exercise any and all rights and remedies of any of the Grantors under or in connection with the Collateral, or otherwise in respect of the Collateral, including, without limitation, (A) any and all rights of Grantor to demand or otherwise require payment of any amount under, or performance of any provision of, the Assigned Agreements, the Receivables, the Related Contracts and the other Collateral, (B) withdraw, or cause or direct the withdrawal, of all funds with respect to the Account Collateral and (C) exercise all other rights and remedies with respect to the Assigned Agreements, the Receivables, the Related Contracts and the other Collateral, including, without limitation, those set forth in Section 9-607 of the UCC. Grantor agrees that, to the extent notice of sale shall be required by law, at least ten (10) days’ notice to Grantor of the time and place of any public sale or the time after which any private sale is to be made shall constitute reasonable notification. The Collateral Agent shall not be obligated to make any sale of Collateral regardless of notice of sale having been given. The Collateral Agent may adjourn any public or private sale from time to time by announcement at the time and place fixed therefor, and such sale may, without further notice (except as otherwise required by Section 9-611 of the UCC), be made at the time and place to which it was so adjourned. (b) Any cash held by or on behalf of the Collateral Agent and all cash proceeds received by or on behalf of the Collateral Agent in respect of any sale of, collection from, or other realization upon all or any part of the Collateral may, in the discretion of the Collateral Agent, be held by the Collateral Agent as collateral for the benefit of the Secured Parties against, all or any part of the Secured Obligations. Any surplus of such cash or cash proceeds held by or on the behalf of the Collateral Agent and remaining after payment in full of all the Secured Obligations shall be paid over to Grantor or to whomsoever may be lawfully entitled to receive such surplus. (c) All payments received by any Grantor under or in connection with any Assigned Agreement or otherwise in respect of the Collateral shall be received in trust for the benefit of the Collateral Agent, shall be segregated from other funds of Grantor and shall be forthwith paid over to the Collateral Agent in the same form as so received (with any necessary endorsement). -20- (d) [RESERVED]. (e) In the event of any sale or other disposition of any of the Intellectual Property Collateral of Grantor, the goodwill symbolized by any Trademarks subject to such sale or other disposition shall be included therein, and Grantor shall supply to the Collateral Agent or its designee Grantor’s know-how and expertise, and documents and things relating to any Intellectual Property Collateral subject to such sale or other disposition, and Grantor’s customer lists and other records and documents relating to such Intellectual Property Collateral and to the manufacture, distribution, advertising and sale of products and services of Grantor. that, upon request of the Collateral Agent, Grantor will, at its own expense: (f) If the Collateral Agent shall exercise its right to sell all or any of the Security Collateral of any Grantor pursuant to this Section 25, Grantor agrees (i) execute and deliver, and cause each issuer of such Security Collateral contemplated to be sold and the directors and officers thereof to execute and deliver, all such instruments and documents, and do or cause to be done all such other acts and things, as may be necessary or, in the opinion of the Collateral Agent, advisable to register such Security Collateral under the provisions of the Securities Act of 1933 (as amended from time to time, the “Securities Act”), to cause the registration statement relating thereto to become effective and to remain effective for such period as prospectuses are required by law to be furnished and to make all amendments and supplements thereto and to the related prospectus that, in the opinion of the Collateral Agent or the other Secured Parties, are necessary or advisable, all in conformity with the requirements of the Securities Act and the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission applicable thereto; governmental approvals for the sale of such Security Collateral, as requested by the Collateral Agent; (ii) use its best efforts to qualify the Security Collateral under the state securities or “Blue Sky” laws and to obtain all necessary statement that will satisfy the provisions of Section 16(a) of the Securities Act; (iii) cause each such issuer of such Security Collateral to make available to its security holders, as soon as practicable, an earnings or the other Secured Parties, advisable to enable the Collateral Agent to effect the sale of such Security Collateral upon such terms as are in accordance with applicable law; and (iv) provide the Collateral Agent with such other information and projections as may be necessary or, in the opinion of the Collateral Agent thereof valid and binding and in compliance with applicable law. (v) do or cause to be done all such other acts and things as may be necessary to make such sale of such Security Collateral or any part (g) The Collateral Agent is authorized, in connection with any sale of the Security Collateral pursuant to this Section 25, to deliver or otherwise disclose to any prospective purchaser of the Security Collateral: (i) any registration statement or prospectus, and all supplements and amendments thereto, prepared pursuant to subsection (f)(i) above; (ii) any information and projections provided to it pursuant to subsection (f)(iv) above; and (iii) any other information in its possession relating to such Security Collateral. -21- (h) Grantor acknowledges the impossibility of ascertaining the amount of damages that would be suffered by the Secured Parties by reason of the failure by Grantor to perform any of the covenants contained in subsection (f) above and, consequently, agrees that, if Grantor shall fail to perform any of such covenants, it will pay, as liquidated damages and not as a penalty, an amount equal to the value of the Security Collateral on the date the Collateral Agent shall demand compliance with subsection (f) above. Section 26. Indemnity and Expenses. (a) Grantor agrees to indemnify, defend and save and hold harmless each Secured Party and each of their Affiliates and their Related Parties (each, an “Indemnified Party”) from and against, and shall pay on demand, any and all claims, damages, losses, liabilities and expenses (including, without limitation, reasonable fees and expenses of counsel) that may be incurred by or asserted or awarded against any Indemnified Party, in each case arising out of or in connection with or resulting from this Agreement (including, without limitation, enforcement of this Agreement); provided that such indemnity shall not, as to any Indemnified Party, be available to the extent that such losses, claims, damages, liabilities or related expenses (x) are determined by a court of competent jurisdiction by final and nonappealable judgment to have resulted from the bad faith, gross negligence or willful misconduct of such Indemnified Party or any of its officers, directors or employees, or (y) arising from disputes solely among the Collateral Agent, the Buyers and/or their transferees (other than in respect of disputes against an Indemnitee in its capacity as Collateral Agent or any similar role under the Transaction Documents). (b) Without limiting the foregoing clause (a), Grantor will upon demand pay to the Collateral Agent the amount of any and all (1) reasonable expenses, including, without limitation, the reasonable fees and expenses of its counsel and of any experts and agents, that the Collateral Agent may incur in connection with (i) the administration of this Agreement, and (ii) the custody, preservation, use or operation of, or the sale of, collection from or other realization upon, any of the Collateral of Grantor, and (2) expenses, including, without limitation, the fees and expenses of its counsel and of any experts and agents, that the Collateral Agent may incur in connection with (i) the exercise or enforcement of any of the rights of the Collateral Agent or the other Secured Parties hereunder or (ii) the failure by Grantor to perform or observe any of the provisions hereof. -22- Section 27. Amendments; Waivers; Additional Grantors; Etc. No amendment or waiver of any provision of this Agreement, and no consent to any departure by any Grantor herefrom, shall in any event be effective unless the same shall be in writing and signed by the Collateral Agent, and then such waiver or consent shall be effective only in the specific instance and for the specific purpose for which given. No failure on the part of the Collateral Agent to exercise, and no delay in exercising any right hereunder, shall operate as a waiver thereof; nor shall any single or partial exercise of any such right preclude any other or further exercise thereof or the exercise of any other right. Section 28. Notices, Etc. Except as otherwise provided herein, whenever it is provided herein that any notice, demand, request, consent, approval, declaration or other communication shall or may be given to or served upon any of the parties by any other party, or whenever any of the parties desires to give and serve upon any other party any communication with respect to this Agreement, each such notice, demand, request, consent, approval, declaration or other communication shall be in writing and shall be given in the manner and to the address, and deemed received, as provided for in accordance with the terms of the Collateral Agency Agreement. Delivery by email or facsimile of an executed counterpart of any amendment, supplement or waiver of any provision of this Agreement or any Schedule or Exhibit relating thereto shall be effective as delivery of an original executed counterpart thereof. Section 29. Continuing Security Interest. This Agreement shall create a continuing security interest in the Collateral and shall (a) remain in full force and effect until the indefeasible payment in full in cash of the Secured Obligations, (b) be binding upon Grantor, its successors and assigns and (c) inure, together with the rights and remedies of the Collateral Agent hereunder, to the benefit of the Secured Parties and their respective successors, transferees and assigns. Section 30. Release; Termination. (a) Upon any sale, lease, transfer or other disposition of any item of Collateral of Grantor (other than sales of Inventory in the ordinary course of business) in accordance with the terms of the Transaction Documents, the Collateral Agent will, at Grantor’s expense, execute and deliver to Grantor such documents as Grantor shall reasonably request to evidence the release of such item(s) of Collateral from the assignment and security interest granted hereby; provided, however, that (i) at the time of such request and such release no Event of Default shall have occurred and be continuing, (ii) Grantor shall have delivered to the Collateral Agent, at least ten (10) Business Days prior to the date of the proposed release, a written request for release describing the item of Collateral and the terms of the sale, lease, transfer or other disposition in reasonable detail, including, without limitation, the price thereof and any expenses in connection therewith, together with a form of release for execution by the Collateral Agent and a certificate of Grantor to the effect that the transaction is in compliance with the Transaction Documents and as to such other matters as the Collateral Agent may request, (iii) the proceeds of any such sale, lease, transfer or other disposition required to be applied, or any payment to be made in connection therewith, shall, to the extent so required, be paid or made to, or in accordance with the instructions of, the Collateral Agent, and (iv) the Collateral Agent shall have received written direction from the Buyers in accordance with the Collateral Agency Agreement. -23- (b) Upon the indefeasible payment in full in cash of the Secured Obligations, other than any unasserted contingent Obligations, the guaranty, pledge and security interest granted hereby shall terminate and all rights to the Collateral shall revert to Grantor. Upon any such termination, the Secured Parties will, at the Grantor’s expense, execute and deliver to Grantor such documents as Grantor shall reasonably request to evidence such termination. Section 31. Execution in Counterparts. This Agreement may be executed in any number of counterparts, each of which when so executed shall be deemed to be an original and all of which taken together shall constitute one and the same agreement. Delivery of an executed counterpart of a signature page to this Agreement by email or facsimile shall be effective as delivery of an original executed counterpart of this Agreement. Section 32. Governing Law; Jurisdiction; Waiver of Jury Trial, Etc. ( a ) GOVERNING LAW. THIS AGREEMENT AND ANY CLAIMS, CONTROVERSY, DISPUTE OR CAUSE OF ACTION (WHETHER IN TORT OR OTHERWISE) BASED ON, ARISING OUT OF OR RELATING TO THIS GUARANTY AND THE TRANSACTIONS CONTEMPLATED HEREBY SHALL BE GOVERNED BY, AND CONSTRUED IN ACCORDANCE WITH, THE LAW OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK WITHOUT REGARD TO CONFLICTS OF LAWS (OTHER THAN SECTIONS 5-1401 AND 5- 1402 OF THE NEW YORK GENERAL OBLIGATIONS LAWS). (b) SUBMISSION TO JURISDICTION. GRANTOR IRREVOCABLY AND UNCONDITIONALLY SUBMITS, FOR ITSELF AND ITS PROPERTY, TO THE NONEXCLUSIVE JURISDICTION OF THE COURTS OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK SITTING IN NEW YORK COUNTY OR OF THE UNITED STATES FOR THE SOUTHERN DISTRICT OF SUCH STATE, AND ANY APPELLATE COURT FROM ANY THEREOF, IN ANY ACTION OR PROCEEDING ARISING OUT OF OR RELATING TO THIS AGREEMENT, OR FOR RECOGNITION OR ENFORCEMENT OF ANY JUDGMENT, AND EACH OF THE PARTIES HERETO IRREVOCABLY AND UNCONDITIONALLY AGREES THAT ALL CLAIMS IN RESPECT OF ANY SUCH ACTION OR PROCEEDING MAY BE HEARD AND DETERMINED IN SUCH NEW YORK COURT OR, TO THE FULLEST EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW, IN SUCH FEDERAL COURT. EACH OF THE PARTIES HERETO AGREES THAT A FINAL JUDGMENT IN ANY SUCH ACTION OR PROCEEDING SHALL BE CONCLUSIVE AND MAY BE ENFORCED IN OTHER JURISDICTIONS BY SUIT ON THE JUDGMENT OR IN ANY OTHER MANNER PROVIDED BY LAW. NOTHING IN THIS AGREEMENT SHALL AFFECT ANY RIGHT THAT THE COLLATERAL AGENT OR ANY OTHER SECURED PARTY MAY OTHERWISE HAVE TO BRING ANY ACTION OR PROCEEDING RELATING TO THIS AGREEMENT AGAINST ANY GRANTOR OR ITS PROPERTIES IN THE COURTS OF ANY JURISDICTION. -24- ( c ) WAIVER OF VENUE. GRANTOR IRREVOCABLY AND UNCONDITIONALLY WAIVES, TO THE FULLEST EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW, ANY OBJECTION THAT IT MAY NOW OR HEREAFTER HAVE TO THE LAYING OF VENUE OF ANY ACTION OR PROCEEDING ARISING OUT OF OR RELATING TO THIS AGREEMENT IN ANY COURT REFERRED TO IN PARAGRAPH (b) OF THIS SECTION. GRANTOR HEREBY IRREVOCABLY WAIVES, TO THE FULLEST EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW, THE DEFENSE OF AN INCONVENIENT FORUM TO THE MAINTENANCE OF SUCH ACTION OR PROCEEDING IN ANY SUCH COURT. NOTICES IN SECTION 28. ( d ) SERVICE OF PROCESS. GRANTOR HERETO IRREVOCABLY CONSENTS TO SERVICE OF PROCESS IN THE MANNER PROVIDED FOR ( e ) WAIVER OF JURY TRIAL. GRANTOR HERETO HEREBY IRREVOCABLY WAIVES, TO THE FULLEST EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW, ANY RIGHT IT MAY HAVE TO A TRIAL BY JURY IN ANY LEGAL PROCEEDING DIRECTLY OR INDIRECTLY ARISING OUT OF OR RELATING TO THIS AGREEMENT OR THE TRANSACTIONS CONTEMPLATED HEREBY (WHETHER BASED ON CONTRACT, TORT OR ANY OTHER THEORY). EACH PARTY HERETO (A) CERTIFIES THAT NO REPRESENTATIVE, AGENT OR ATTORNEY OF ANY OTHER PERSON HAS REPRESENTED, EXPRESSLY OR OTHERWISE, THAT SUCH OTHER PERSON WOULD NOT, IN THE EVENT OF LITIGATION, SEEK TO ENFORCE THE FOREGOING WAIVER AND (B) ACKNOWLEDGES THAT IT AND THE OTHER PARTIES HERETO HAVE BEEN INDUCED TO ENTER INTO THIS AGREEMENT BY, AMONG OTHER THINGS, THE MUTUAL WAIVERS AND CERTIFICATIONS IN THIS SECTION. SIGNATURE PAGE FOLLOWS -25- written. IN WITNESS WHEREOF, Grantor has caused this Agreement to be duly executed and delivered by its officer thereunto duly authorized as of the date first above APDN (B.V.I.) INC., a corporation formed under the laws of the British Virgin Islands By: Name: Title: /s/ James A. Hayward James A. Hayward Authorized Signatory SIGNATURES CONTINUE ON NEXT PAGE Signature page to security agreement ACCEPTED AND AGREED as of the date first written above by: DELAWARE TRUST COMPANY, as Collateral Agent By: Name: Title: /s/ Alan R. Halpern Alan R. Halpern Vice President Signature page to security agreement Exhibit A to the Security Agreement FORM OF INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY SECURITY AGREEMENT This INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY SECURITY AGREEMENT (as amended, restated, amended and restated, supplemented or otherwise modified from time to time, the “IP Security Agreement”) dated __________, 20__, is made by APDN (B.V.I.) Inc., a corporation formed under the laws of the British Virgin Islands (the “ Grantor”), in favor of DELAWARE TRUST COMPANY, a Delaware corporation, as collateral agent (the “ Collateral Agent”) for the Secured Parties (as defined in the Guaranty and Security Agreement referred to below). WHEREAS, Grantor is a wholly owned subsidiary of APPLIED DNA SCIENCES, a Delaware corporation (the “Company”) and the Company is party to the Securities Purchase Agreement dated as of August 31, 2018 (as amended, restated, amended and restated, supplemented or otherwise modified from time to time, the “ Securities Purchase Agreement”) with the Buyers party thereto. WHEREAS, pursuant to the Securities Purchase Agreement, the Grantor has executed and delivered that certain Guaranty and Security Agreement, dated as of the date hereof, made by the Grantor to the Collateral Agent for the benefit of the Secured Parties (as amended, restated, amended and restated, supplemented or otherwise modified from time to time, the “Security Agreement”; the capitalized terms defined therein and not otherwise defined herein being used herein as therein defined). WHEREAS, under the terms of the Security Agreement, the Grantor has granted to the Collateral Agent, for the ratable benefit of the Secured Parties, a security interest in, among other property, certain intellectual property of the Grantor, and have agreed as a condition thereof to execute this IP Security Agreement for recording with the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office, the United States Copyright Office and other governmental authorities. NOW, THEREFORE, for good and valuable consideration, the receipt and sufficiency of which are hereby acknowledged, Grantor agrees as follows: right, title and interest in and to the following (the “Collateral”): SECTION 1. Grant of Security. Grantor hereby grants to the Collateral Agent for the ratable benefit of the Secured Parties a security interest in all of Grantor’s (i) all patents, patent applications, utility models and statutory invention registrations, all inventions claimed or disclosed therein and all improvements thereto, including, without limitation, those set forth in Schedule A hereto (the “Patents”); (ii) all trademarks, service marks, domain names, trade dress, logos, designs, slogans, trade names, business names, corporate names and other source identifiers, whether registered or unregistered (provided that no security interest shall be granted in United States intent-to-use trademark applications to the extent that, and solely during the period in which, the grant of a security interest therein would impair the validity or enforceability of such intent-to-use trademark applications under applicable federal law), together, in each case, with the goodwill symbolized thereby, including, without limitation, those set forth in Schedule B hereto (the “Trademarks”); (iii) all copyrights, including, without limitation, copyrights in Computer Software (as hereinafter defined), internet web sites and the content thereof, whether registered or unregistered, including, without limitation, the copyright registrations and applications and exclusive copyright licenses set forth in Schedule C hereto (the “Copyrights”); (iv) all reissues, divisions, continuations, continuations-in-part, extensions, renewals and reexaminations of any of the foregoing, all rights in the foregoing provided by international treaties or conventions, all rights corresponding thereto throughout the world and all other rights of any kind whatsoever of Grantor accruing thereunder or pertaining thereto; (v) any and all claims for damages and injunctive relief for past, present and future infringement, dilution, misappropriation, violation, misuse or breach with respect to any of the foregoing, with the right, but not the obligation, to sue for and collect, or otherwise recover, such damages; and Obligations (as defined in the Security Agreement) relating to, any and all of the Collateral of or arising from any of the foregoing. (vi) any and all proceeds of, collateral for, income, royalties and other payments now or hereafter due and payable with respect to, and supporting SECTION 2. Security for Obligations. The grant of a security interest in the Collateral by Grantor under this IP Security Agreement secures the payment of all Secured Obligations now or hereafter existing under or in respect of the Transaction Documents, whether direct or indirect, absolute or contingent, and whether for principal, reimbursement obligations, interest, premiums, penalties, fees, indemnifications, contract causes of action, costs, expenses or otherwise. Without limiting the generality of the foregoing, this IP Security Agreement secures, as to Grantor, the payment of all amounts that constitute part of the Secured Obligations and that would be owed by Grantor to any Secured Party under the Transaction Documents but for the fact that such Secured Obligations are unenforceable or not allowable due to the existence of a bankruptcy, reorganization or similar proceeding involving Grantor. Trademarks and any other applicable government officer record this IP Security Agreement. SECTION 3. Recordation. Grantor authorizes and requests that the Register of Copyrights, the Commissioner for Patents and the Commissioner for be deemed to be an original and all of which taken together shall constitute one and the same agreement. SECTION 4. Execution in Counterparts. This IP Security Agreement may be executed in any number of counterparts, each of which when so executed shall SECTION 5. Grants, Rights and Remedies. This IP Security Agreement has been entered into in conjunction with the provisions of the Security Agreement. Grantor does hereby acknowledge and confirm that the grant of the security interest hereunder to, and the rights and remedies of, the Collateral Agent with respect to the Collateral are more fully set forth in the Security Agreement, the terms and provisions of which are incorporated herein by reference as if fully set forth herein. LAWS OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK WITHOUT REGARD TO CONFLICTS OF LAWS. SECTION 6. GOVERNING LAW. THIS IP SECURITY AGREEMENT SHALL BE GOVERNED BY, AND CONSTRUED IN ACCORDANCE WITH, THE [remainder of page intentionally blank] -2- IN WITNESS WHEREOF, Grantor has caused this IP Security Agreement to be duly executed and delivered by its officer thereunto duly authorized as of the date first above written. APDN (B.V.I.) INC., a corporation formed under the laws of the British Virgin Islands By: Name: Title: Address for Notices: Exhibit B to the Security Agreement FORM OF INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY SECURITY AGREEMENT SUPPLEMENT This INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY SECURITY AGREEMENT SUPPLEMENT (as amended, restated, amended and restated, supplemented or otherwise modified from time to time, the “IP Security Agreement Supplement”) dated __________, 20__, is made by APDN (B.V.I.) INC. a corporation formed under the laws of the British Virgin Islands (the “Grantor”) in favor of DELAWARE TRUST COMPANY, a Delaware corporation, as collateral agent (the “ Collateral Agent”) for the Secured Parties (as defined in the Guaranty and Security Agreement referred to below). WHEREAS, Grantor is a wholly owned subsidiary of APPLIED DNA SCIENCES, a Delaware corporation (the “Company”) and the Company is party to the Securities Purchase Agreement dated as of August 31, 2018 (as amended, restated, amended and restated, supplemented or otherwise modified from time to time, the “ Securities Purchase Agreement”) with the Buyers party thereto. WHEREAS, pursuant to the Securities Purchase Agreement, the Grantor has executed and delivered that certain Guaranty and Security Agreement, dated as October 17, 2018, made by the Grantor to the Collateral Agent for the benefit of the Secured Parties (as amended, restated, amended and restated, supplemented or otherwise modified from time to time, the “Security Agreement”) and that certain Intellectual Property Security Agreement dated [insert date of Intellectual Property Security Agreement] made by the Grantor to the Collateral Agent for the benefit of the Secured Parties (as amended, restated, amended and restated, supplemented or otherwise modified from time to time, the “IP Security Agreement”; the capitalized terms defined therein and not otherwise defined herein being used herein as therein defined). WHEREAS, under the terms of the Security Agreement, the Grantor has granted to the Collateral Agent, for the ratable benefit of the Secured Parties, a security interest in the Additional Collateral (as defined in Section 6 below) of the Grantor and has agreed as a condition thereof to execute this IP Security Agreement Supplement for recording with the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office, the United States Copyright Office and other governmental authorities. NOW, THEREFORE, for good and valuable consideration, the receipt and sufficiency of which are hereby acknowledged, the Grantor agrees as follows: such Grantor’s right, title and interest in and to the following (the “Additional Collateral”): SECTION 1. Grant of Security. Each Grantor hereby grants to the Collateral Agent, for the ratable benefit of the Secured Parties, a security interest in all of (i) all patents, patent applications, utility models and statutory invention registrations, all inventions claimed or disclosed therein and all improvements thereto, including, without limitation, those set forth in Schedule A hereto (the “Patents”); (ii) all trademarks, service marks, domain names, trade dress, logos, designs, slogans, trade names, business names, corporate names and other source identifiers, whether registered or unregistered (provided that no security interest shall be granted in United States intent-to-use trademark applications to the extent that, and solely during the period in which, the grant of a security interest therein would impair the validity or enforceability of such intent-to-use trademark applications under applicable federal law), together, in each case, with the goodwill symbolized thereby, including, without limitation, those set forth in Schedule B hereto (the “Trademarks”); (ii) all copyrights, including, without limitation, copyrights in Computer Software (as hereinafter defined), internet web sites and the content thereof, whether registered or unregistered, including, without limitation, the copyright registrations and applications and exclusive copyright licenses set forth in Schedule C hereto (the “Copyrights”); (iii) all reissues, divisions, continuations, continuations-in-part, extensions, renewals and reexaminations of any of the foregoing, all rights in the foregoing provided by international treaties or conventions, all rights corresponding thereto throughout the world and all other rights of any kind whatsoever of such Grantor accruing thereunder or pertaining thereto; (iv) all any and all claims for damages and injunctive relief for past, present and future infringement, dilution, misappropriation, violation, misuse or breach with respect to any of the foregoing, with the right, but not the obligation, to sue for and collect, or otherwise recover, such damages; and (v) any and all proceeds of, collateral for, income, royalties and other payments now or hereafter due and payable with respect to, and supporting Obligations (as defined in the Security Agreement) relating to, any and all of the foregoing or arising from any of the foregoing. 2. Security for Obligations. The grant of a security interest in the Additional Collateral by the Grantor under this IP Security Agreement Supplement secures the payment of all Secured Obligations now or hereafter existing under or in respect of the Loan Documents, whether direct or indirect, absolute or contingent, and whether for principal, reimbursement Obligations, interest, premiums, penalties, fees, indemnifications, contract causes of action, costs, expenses or otherwise. SECTION Trademarks and any other applicable government officer to record this IP Security Agreement Supplement. SECTION 3. Recordation. The Grantor authorizes and requests that the Register of Copyrights, the Commissioner for Patents and the Commissioner for SECTION 4. Grants, Rights and Remedies. This IP Security Agreement Supplement has been entered into in conjunction with the provisions of the Security Agreement. The Grantor does hereby acknowledge and confirm that the grant of the security interest hereunder to, and the rights and remedies of, the Collateral Agent with respect to the Additional Collateral are more fully set forth in the Security Agreement, the terms and provisions of which are incorporated herein by reference as if fully set forth herein. -2- SECTION 5. GOVERNING LAW. THIS IP SECURITY AGREEMENT SUPPLEMENT SHALL BE GOVERNED BY, AND CONSTRUED IN ACCORDANCE WITH, THE LAWS OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK WITHOUT REGARD TO CONFLICTS OF LAWS. authorized as of the date first above written. IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the Grantor has caused this IP Security Agreement Supplement to be duly executed and delivered by its officer thereunto duly APDN (B.V.I.) INC., a corporation formed under the laws of the British Virgin Islands By: Name: Title: Address for Notices: -3- Part I: None. Part II: None. SCHEDULE I Investment Property None. SCHEDULE II Deposit Accounts None. SCHEDULE III Assigned Agreements SCHEDULE IV Intellectual Property Copyrights None. Trademarks Application Date Application No Registration Date 10/27/2006 10/26/2006 8/16/2017 6/9/2017 12/20/2016 11/09/2009 10/09/2015 10/09/2015 07/19/2012 10/09/2015 10/09/2015 05/09/2011 04/16/2010 05/06/2011 12/07/2007 05/06/2011 08/12/2010 12/07/2007 05/06/2011 05/06/2011 05/06/2011 10/26/2006 1143760 1321773 1368527 16828287 16189961 1022396 1277705 1,280,146 011054285 1,277,538 1,282,810 009948258 009034349 00948258 006537047 009948092 1048621 006536999 009948118 009948308 009948423 005419031 09/29/2008 11/28/2012 8/7/2017 9-Jun-17 04/24/2017 11/09/2009 10/09/2015 10/09/2015 12/14/2012 10/09/2015 10/09/2015 10/13/2011 09/28/2010 10/13/2011 11/21/2008 10/13/2011 08/12/2010 11/06/2008 10/13/2011 10/13/2011 10/13/2011 09/28/2007 Registration No. 1143760 837149 1368527 16828287 16189961 1022396 1277705 1,280,146 011054285 1,277,538 1,282,810 009948258 009034349 00948258 006537047 009948092 1048621 006536999 009948118 009948308 009948423 005419031 Status Registered Registered Registered Registered Registered Registered Registered Registered Registered Registered Registered Registered Registered Registered Registered Registered Registered Registered Registered Registered Registered Registered Docket Number 2542-10 AUSTRALIA 2542-10 CANADA 2542-89 Intl/EU 2542-75 EU 2542-72 EU 2542-46 EU 2542-54 INTL/EU 2542-55 INTL/EU 2542-33 EU 2542-62 INTL/EU 2542-63 INTL/EU 2542-42 EU 2542-59 EU 2542-58 EU 2542-41 EU 2542-57 EU 2542-29 EU 2542-47 EU 2542-56 EU 2542-60 EU 2542-61 EU 2542-10 EU Client Ref No. 8251-8 AUSTRALIA 8251-8 CANADA Country Australia Canada Community Trademark Community Trademark Community Trademark 8251-59 EPO Community Trademark 8251-70 MP EU Community Trademark 8251-71 MP EU Community Trademark 8251-16 CTM Community Trademark 8251-72 MP EU Community Trademark 8251-73 MP EU Community Trademark 8251-52 CTM Community Trademark 8251-66 CTM Community Trademark 8251-65 CTM Community Trademark 8251-51 CTM Community Trademark 8251-64 CTM Community Trademark Community Trademark 8251-10 EPO 8251-61 EU Community Trademark 8251-62 CTM Community Trademark 8251-67 CTM Community Trademark 8251-68 CTM Community Trademark Community Trademark 8251-8 EPO Docket Number 2542-30 INTL/EU 2542-58 UNITED KINGDOM 2542-30 INTL/ICELAND 2542-89 Intl 2542-54 INTL 2542-55 INTL 2542-62 INTL 2542-63 INTL 2542-30 INTL 2542-89 Intl/UK 2542-84UK 2542-72 2542-54 2542-55 2542-70 2542-9 2542-31 2542-33 2542-32 2542-11 2542-12 2542-10 2542-30 2542-88 8251-65 8251-12 MP ICELAND 8251-70 MP 8251-71 MP 8251-72 MP 8251-73 MP 8251-12 MP 8251-70 8251-71 8251-14 8251-16 8251-15 8251-11 8251-13 8251-8 8251-12 Client Ref No. 8251-12 MP EU Community Trademark Country Application Date 11/22/2013 Application No 1,186,977 Registration Date 11/22/2013 Great Britain 11/09/2009 2531080 05/18/2012 Registration No. 1,186,977 00002531080 Iceland International International International International International International UK UK United States United States United States United States United States United States United States United States United States United States United States United States United States 3594/2013 11/22/2013 1,186,977 A0069009 A0053765 1,280,146 1277538 1,282,810 A0039418 WE00001368527 UK00003238912 87/078,346 86/593,696 86/593,862 86/677,227 76/978,843 85/207,192 85/524,990 85/207,229 77/728,511 77/728,499 78/871,967 85/105,993 87/343,172 10/09/2015 10/09/2015 10/09/2015 10/09/2015 11/22/2013 1/9/2018 09/08/2017 04/11/2017 04/11/2017 02/14/2017 08/19/2008 04/03/2012 03/04/2014 11/22/2011 10/12/2010 01/10/2012 08/05/2008 05/22/2012 1277705 1/280,146 1277538 1,282,810 1,186,977 1368527 UK00003238912 5,182,183 5,182,184 5,142,544 3,489,209 4,120,445 4,491,643 4,058,892 3,862,228 4,085,298 3,482,366 4,147,273 12/19/2013 8/7/2017 10/09/2015 10/09/2015 10/09/2015 10/09/2015 11/22/2013 3/6/2017 06/22/2017 06/21/2016 04/10/2015 04/10/2015 06/29/2015 09/22/2003 12/29/2010 01/25/2012 12/29/2010 05/04/2009 05/04/2009 04/28/2006 08/12/2010 2/21/2017 -2- Status Registered Registered Registered Registered Registered Registered Registered Registered Registered Registered Registered Filed Registered Registered Registered Registered Registered Registered Registered Registered Registered Registered Registered Filed Country Status Application No. Application Date Title Patent Number Grant Date Patents Australia Filed 2013329256 10/10/2013 Australia Granted 2013331402 10/16/2013 Canada Filed 2,903,728 10/16/2013 Canada Canada Filed Filed 2,926,436 10/07/2014 2,940,655 03/18/2015 Canada Granted 2,945,710 04/14/2015 Canada Granted 2,886,472 10/10/2013 Canada Granted 2,713,101 10/04/2007 USE OF PERTURBANTS TO FACILITATE INCORPORATION AND RECOVERY OF TAGGANTS FROM POLYMERIZED COATINGS SECURITY SYSTEM AND METHOD OF MARKING AN INVENTORY ITEM AND/OR PERSON IN THE VICINITY SECURITY SYSTEM AND METHOD OF MARKING AN INVENTORY ITEM AND/OR PERSON IN THE VICINITY MULTIMODE IMAGE AND SPECTRAL READER ENCRYPTED OPTICAL MARKERS FOR SECURITY APPLICATIONS CONTOUR ENCRYPTION AND DECRYPTION USE OF PERTURBANTS TO FACILITATE INCORPORATION AND RECOVERY OF TAGGANTS FROM POLYMERIZED COATINGS METHOD FOR A CONTINUOUS RAPID THERMAL CYCLE SYSTEM -3- 2013331402 02/08/2018 2,945,710 07/11/2017 2,886,472 04/18/2017 2,713,101 09/13/2016 Country Status Application No. Application Date Title Patent Number Grant Date Canada Granted CA2480069 3/21/2003 China P.R. Filed PCT/US2015/025734 04/15/2015 China P.R. Filed 201580014368.6 03/18/2015 China P.R. Granted 3155949.2 08/27/2003 China P.R. Granted ZL 200780045281 .0 10/04/2007 China P.R. Granted 31559492 08/27/2003 China P.R. Granted 00107580.2 05/18/2000 European Patent Convention Granted 03007023.9 03/27/2003 -4- Marking Apparatus for Nucleic Acid Marking of Items CONTOUR ENCRYPTION AND DECRYPTION ENCRYPTED OPTICAL MARKERS FOR SECURITY APPLICATIONS METHOD OF DISSOLVING NUCLEIC ACID IN WATER INSOLUBLE MEDIUM AND ITS APPLICATION METHOD FOR A CONTINUOUS RAPID THERMAL CYCLE SYSTEM METHOD FOR MIXING RIBONUCLEIC ACID IN WATER- INSOLUBLE MEDIUM AND UTILIZATION THEREOF A METHOD FOR UTILIZING RIBONUCLEIC ACID AS MARKERS FOR PRODUCT ANTI- COUNTERFEITING LABELS METHOD FOR MIXING RIBONUCLEIC ACID IN WATER- INSOLUBLE MEDIUM AND UTILIZATION THEREOF 480069 7/24/2012 101589157 04/02/2014 356065 08/27/2003 193957 05/18/2000 1394544 03/27/2003 Country Status Application No. Application Date Title Patent Number Grant Date Granted 4018374.1 08/03/2004 14852842.5 10/07/2014 15780179.6 04/15/2015 07852534.2 10/04/2007 15765671.1 03/18/2015 156878.3 08/03/2004 METHOD FOR CONCEALING A SECRET INFORMATION CARRIED WITHIN A DNA MOLECULE AND METHOD FOR DECODING A SECRET INFORMATION THAT HAVE BEEN CONCEALED BY SAID CONCEALING METHOD MULTIMODE IMAGE AND SPECTRAL READER CONTOUR ENCRYPTION AND DECRYPTION METHOD FOR A CONTINUOUS RAPID THERMAL CYCLE SYSTEM ENCRYPTED OPTICAL MARKERS FOR SECURITY APPLICATIONS European Patent Convention European Patent Convention European Patent Convention European Patent Convention European Patent Convention European Patent Convention European Patent Convention European Patent Convention Filed Filed Filed Filed Filed Filed 16783711.1 09/28/2017 HYDROPHOBIC NUCLEIC ACID SALTS AS SECURITY MARKERS 13776001.3 04/05/2013 PLASMA TREATMENT FOR DNA BINDING USE OF PERTURBANTS TO FACILITATE INCORPORATION AND RECOVERY OF TAGGANTS FROM POLYMERIZED COATINGS -5- Filed 13845351.9 10/10/2013 Country Status Application No. Application Date Title Patent Number Grant Date European Patent Convention Filed 14784907.9 04/18/2014 European Patent Convention Filed Granted 13847647.8 10/16/2013 LASER MARKING FOR AUTHENTICATION AND TRACKING SECURITY SYSTEM AND METHOD OF MARKING AN INVENTORY ITEM AND/OR PERSON IN THE VICINITY SECURITY SYSTEM AND METHOD OF MARKING AN INVENTORY ITEM AND/OR PERSON IN THE VICINITY European Patent Convention European Patent Convention France France Granted Granted 12152848.3 01/27/2012 MARKING COMPOSITION 2482262 09/06/2017 12152848.3 01/27/2012 MARKING COMPOSITION 2482262 09/06/2017 Granted 4018374.1 08/03/2004 France Granted 03007023.9 03/27/2003 Germany Granted 4018374.1 08/03/2004 -6- A NUCLEIC ACID BASED STEGANOGRAPHY SYSTEM AND APPLICATION THEREOF METHOD FOR MIXING RIBONUCLEIC ACID IN WATER- INSOLUBLE MEDIUM AND UTILIZATION THEREOF A NUCLEIC ACID BASED STEGANOGRAPHY SYSTEM AND APPLICATION THEREOF 1568783 07/11/2007 1394544 02/04/2009 04018374 07/11/2007 Country Status Application No. Application Date Title Patent Number Grant Date Germany Granted 03007023.9 03/27/2003 METHOD FOR MIXING RIBONUCLEIC ACID IN WATER- INSOLUBLE MEDIUM AND UTILIZATION THEREOF 603 26 065.9 02/04/2009 Germany Great Britain Great Britain Granted Granted Granted 12152848.3 12152848.3 613626.1 01/27/2012 MARKING COMPOSITION 01/27/2012 MARKING COMPOSITION 07/08/2006 MARKING MATERIAL 2482262 2482262 613626.1 09/06/2017 09/06/2017 07/08/2006 Great Britain Granted 4018374.1 08/03/2004 Great Britain Granted 03007023.9 03/27/2003 Great Britain Granted GB2390055 3/21/2003 Hong Kong Granted 10105127.3 10/04/2007 A NUCLEIC ACID BASED STEGANOGRAPHY SYSTEM AND APPLICATION THEREOF METHOD FOR MIXING RIBONUCLEIC ACID IN WATER- INSOLUBLE MEDIUM AND UTILIZATION THEREOF Marking Apparatus for Nucleic Acid Marking of Items METHOD FOR A CONTINUOUS RAPID THERMAL CYCLE SYSTEM 1568783 07/11/2007 1394544 02/04/2009 GB2390055 8/9/2005 1139184 11/14/2014 -7- Country Status Application No. Application Date Title Patent Number Grant Date India Granted P 002 004 00374 08/04/2004 India Filed ############## 07/13/2017 Indonesia Granted P-002004/00374 08/04/2004 A NUCLEIC ACID BASED STEGANOGRAPHY SYSTEM AND APPLICATION THEREOF METHOD AND DEVICE FOR MARKING FIBROUS MATERIALS METHOD FOR CONCEALING A SECRET INFORMATION CARRIED WITHIN A DNA MOLECULE AND METHOD FOR DECODING A SECRET INFORMATION THAT HAVE BEEN CONCEALED BY SAID CONCEALING METHOD IDO 0026764 08/04/2004 IDO 0026764 08/04/2004 Ireland Granted 12152848.3 01/27/2012 MARKING COMPOSITION 2482262 09/06/2017 Israel Granted 198028 10/04/2007 Italy Granted 4018374.1 08/03/2004 Italy Granted 03007023.9 03/27/2003 Japan Filed 2017-501090 03/18/2015 METHOD FOR PERFORMING PCR IN A CONTINUOUS RAPID THERMAL CYCLE SYSTEM A NUCLEIC ACID BASED STEGANOGRAPHY SYSTEM AND APPLICATION THEREOF METHOD FOR MIXING RIBONUCLEIC ACID IN WATER- INSOLUBLE MEDIUM AND UTILIZATION THEREOF ENCRYPTED OPTICAL MARKERS FOR SECURITY APPLICATIONS -8- 198028 07/06/2015 31679 BE/2007 07/11/2007 1394544 02/04/2009 Country Status Application No. Application Date Title Patent Number Grant Date 6273379 01/12/2018 4452947 08/04/2004 3930794 08/30/2002 MY-135976-A 07/31/2008 Japan Granted 2016-562831 10/14/2016 Japan Granted 2004-225987 08/04/2004 Japan Granted 2002/294229 08/30/2002 Malaysia Granted PI2004/3145 08/04/2004 Patent Cooperation Treaty Patent Cooperation Treaty Patent Cooperation Treaty Patent Cooperation Treaty Filed PCT/US2015/025734 04/14/2015 Filed PCT/US2015/021165 03/18/2015 Filed PCT/US18/13549 01/12/2018 Filed PCT/US17/17049 -9- CONTOUR ENCRYPTION AND DECRYPTION METHOD FOR ENCRYPTING AND DECRYPTING SPECIFIC MESSAGE BY USING NUCLEIC ACID MOLECULE METHOD FOR MIXING RIBONUCLEIC ACID IN WATER- INSOLUBLE MEDIUM AND UTILIZATION THEREOF METHOD FOR CONCEALING A SECRET INFORMATION CARRIED WITHIN A DNA MOLECULE AND METHOD FOR DECODING A SECRET INFORMATION THAT HAVE BEEN CONCEALED BY SAID CONCEALING METHOD CONTOUR ENCRYPTION AND DECRYPTION ENCRYPTED OPTICAL MARKERS FOR SECURITY APPLICATIONS TRACEABLE NUCLEIC ACID MARKED FERTILIZER IDENTIFYING MARKED ARTICLES IN THE INTERNATIONAL STREAM OF COMMERCE Country Status Application No. Application Date Title Patent Number Grant Date Patent Cooperation Treaty Filed PCT/US17/23579 03/22/2017 Peru Filed Republic of Korea Granted 61387/2004 08/04/2004 Switzerland Granted 4018374.1 08/03/2004 Switzerland Granted 03007023.9 03/27/2003 Taiwan Filed 104110480 03/31/2015 Taiwan Filed 92119302 07/15/2003 -10- METHOD OF MARKING CELLULOSIC PRODUCTS METHOD AND DEVICE FOR MARKING FIBROUS MATERIALS METHOD FOR CONCEALING A SECRET INFORMATION CARRIED WITHIN A DNA MOLECULE AND METHOD FOR DECODING A SECRET INFORMATION THAT HAVE BEEN CONCEALED BY SAID CONCEALING METHOD A NUCLEIC ACID BASED STEGANOGRAPHY SYSTEM AND APPLICATION THEREOF METHOD FOR MIXING RIBONUCLEIC ACID IN WATER- INSOLUBLE MEDIUM AND UTILIZATION THEREOF IN-FIELD DNA EXTRACTION, DETECTION AND AUTHENTICATION METHODS AND SYSTEMS THEREFOR A TRANSFER METHOD OF REWARD FUND CAPABLE FOR IDENTIFYING MULTIPLE TARGETS 4452947 08/04/2004 1568783 07/11/2007 337023 02/04/2009 Country Status Application No. Application Date Title Patent Number Grant Date I326308 02/16/2005 I231311 06/12/2000 156878.3 08/04/2004 Taiwan Granted 2003-0121490 08/06/2003 Taiwan Granted 89108443 03/17/2000 Taiwan Granted 89111477 06/12/2000 Thailand Granted 92819 08/04/2004 Turkey Filed 2018/03030 3/1/2018 United States Filed 14/695,228 04/24/2015 United States Filed 14/570,242 12/15/2014 United States Filed 14/969,582 12/15/2015 -11- METHOD FOR CONCEALING A SECRET INFORMATION CARRIED WITHIN A DNA MOLECULE AND METHOD FOR DECODING A SECRET INFORMATION THAT HAVE BEEN CONCEALED BY SAID CONCEALING METHOD NUCLEIC ACID AS MARKER FOR PRODUCT ANTI- COUNTERFETING AND IDENTIFICATION A DEVICE FOR MULTIPLE PCR IN A CLOSED CONTAINER AND METHOD OF USING THERFOR METHOD FOR CONCEALING A SECRET INFORMATION CARRIED WITHIN A DNA MOLECULE AND METHOD FOR DECODING A SECRET INFORMATION THAT HAVE BEEN CONCEALED BY SAID CONCEALING METHOD TRACEABLE NUCLEIC ACID MARKED FERTILIZER METHODS AND SYSTEMS FOR THE GENERATION OF A PLURALITY OF SECURITY MARKERS AND THE DETECTION THEROF SECURITY SYSTEM AND METHOD OF MARKING AN INVENTORY ITEM AND/OR PERSON IN THE VICINITY INCORPORATING SOLUBLE SECURITY MARKERS INTO CYANOACRYLATE SOLUTIONS Country Status Application No. Application Date Title Patent Number Grant Date United States Filed 14/572,552 12/16/2014 United States Filed PCT/US2015/066074 12/16/2015 METHOD AND DEVICE FOR MARKING FIBROUS MATERIALS METHOD AND DEVICE FOR MARKING FIBROUS MATERIALS ENCRYPTED OPTICAL MARKERS FOR SECURITY APPLICATIONS United States United States Filed Filed 16/028,176 07/05/2018 15/562,495 09/28/2017 HYDROPHOBIC NUCLEIC ACID SALTS AS SECURITY MARKERS United States Filed PCT/US2016/022532 03/16/2016 United States Filed 15/427,983 02/08/2017 United States United States Filed Filed 15/212,429 07/18/2016 15/722,157 10/02/2017 METHOD FOR AUTHENTICATING ACTIVE PHARMACEUTICAL INGREDIENTS IDENTIFYING MARKED ARTICLES IN THE INTERNATIONAL STREAM OF COMMERCE PLASMA TREATMENT FOR DNA BINDING COMPOSITION AND METHOD OF DNA MARKING ELASTOMERIC MATERIAL -12- Country Status Application No. Application Date Title Patent Number Grant Date United States Filed 62/575, 926 10/20/2017 United States United States United States Filed Filed Filed 15/870,035 01/12/2018 15/868,510 01/11/2018 15/466,016 03/22/2017 United States Filed 62/524,186 06/23/201 United States Filed 62/660,158 04/19/2018 United States Filed 62/625,702 02/02/2018 United States Filed 62/684,142 06/12/2018 -13- SYSTEM AND METHOD OF TAGGING OBJECTS WITH DETECTABLE NUCLEIC ACID MARKERS VIA AERIAL DELIVERY TRACEABLE NUCLEIC ACID MARKED FERTILIZER MULTIMODE IMAGE AND SPECTRAL READER METHOD OF MARKING CELLULOSIC PRODUCTS RAPID AUTHENTICATION OF PHARMACEUTICALS VIA DNA TAGGING AND IN-FIELD DETECTION SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR PRODUCING PATIENT-SPECIFIC ANTIBODIES VIA LINEAR DNA AMPLICONS SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR TRACKING ORIGIN OF CANNABIS PRODUCTS AND CANNABIS DERIVATIVE PRODUCTS SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR PRODUCING PATIENT-SPECIFIC TUMOR ANTIGENS VIA LINEAR DNA AMPLICONS Country Status Application No. Application Date Title Patent Number Grant Date United States United States Filed Filed 16/028,176 07/05/2018 62/700,021 07/18/2018 United States Granted 15/027,454 04/06/2016 United States Granted 10/748,412 12/29/2003 United States Granted 11/954,038 12/11/2007 United States Granted 11/954,044 12/11/2007 United States Granted 11/954,051 12/11/2007 United States Granted 11/954,030 12/11/2007 ENCRYPTED OPTICAL MARKERS FOR SECURITY APPLICATIONS PLANT MATERIAL SPRAYING SYSTEM MULTIMODE IMAGE AND SPECTRAL READER METHOD OF MARKING SOLID OR LIQUID SUBSTANCES WITH NUCLEIC ACID FOR ANTI- COUNTERFEITING AND AUTHENTICATION METHODS FOR AUTHENTICATING ARTICLES WITH OPTICAL REPORTERS SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR SECURE DOCUMENT PRINTING AND DETECTION SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR AUTHENTICATING SPORTS IDENTIFICATION GOODS OPTICAL REPORTER COMPOSITIONS -14- 9,904,734 02/27/2018 7,115,301 10/03/2006 8,426,216 04/23/2013 8,415,164 04/09/2013 8,415,165 04/09/2013 8,372,648 02/12/2013 Country Status Application No. Application Date Title Patent Number Grant Date United States Granted 13/761,447 02/07/2013 United States Granted 14/253,641 04/15/2014 United States Granted 11/954,009 12/11/2007 OPTICAL REPORTER COMPOSITIONS 9,005,985 04/14/2015 CONTOUR ENCRYPTION AND DECRYPTION METHODS FOR COVALENT LINKING OF OPTICAL REPORTERS 9,412,284 08/09/2016 8,124,333 02/28/2012 United States Granted 12/307,488 10/26/2009 MARKING MATERIAL 9,171,443 10/27/2015 United States Granted 13/648,594 10/10/2012 United States Granted 14/497,614 09/26/2014 United States Granted 15/079,214 03/24/2016 United States Granted 14/661,489 03/18/2015 USE OF PERTURBANTS TO FACILITATE INCORPORATION AND RECOVERY OF TAGGANTS FROM POLYMERIZED COATINGS METHOD AND DEVICE FOR MARKING ARTICLES USE OF PERTURBANTS TO FACILITATE INCORPORATION AND RECOVERY OF TAGGANTS FROM POLYMERIZED COATINGS ENCRYPTED OPTICAL MARKERS FOR SECURITY APPLICATIONS 9,297,032 03/29/2016 9,963,740 05/08/2018 10,047,282 08/14/2018 -15- Country Status Application No. Application Date Title Patent Number Grant Date Various EU Members Granted 312388.2 3/21/3003 Vietnam Granted 1-2004-00742 08/04/2004 Marking Apparatus for Nucleic Acid Marking of Items METHOD FOR CONCEALING A SECRET INFORMATION CARRIED WITHIN A DNA MOLECULE AND METHOD FOR DECODING A SECRET INFORMATION THAT HAVE BEEN CONCEALED BY SAID CONCEALING METHOD EP1488039 3/9/2006 9182 08/04/2004 -16- None. SCHEDULE V Commercial Tort Claims Location, Chief Executive Office, Type of Organization, Jurisdiction of Organization and Organizational Identification Number SCHEDULE VI 50 Health Sciences Drive Stony Brook, New York 11790 Registered Office P.O. Box 3170 Nemours Chambers Road Town, Tortola British Virgin Islands, VG1110 Type of Organization - Corporation Jurisdiction of Organization - British Virgin Islands Organizational Identification Number - 656029 None. SCHEDULE VII Changes in Name, Location, Etc. SCHEDULE VIII Locations of Equipment, Inventory and Books and Records · · · 50 Health Sciences Drive Stony Brook, New York 11790 Registered Office P.O. Box 3170 Nemours Chambers Road Town, Tortola British Virgin Islands, VG1110 None. SCHEDULE IX Letters of Credit None. SCHEDULE X Permitted Liens SCHEDULE XI Excluded Assets · Mexico Patent No. MX/a/2015/012210 for DNA Marking of Previously Undistinguished Items for Traceability · US Patent Application No. 15/890,541 for Nucleic Acid Coated Submicron Particles for Authentication · PCT Application No. PCT/US18/17164 for Acid Coated Submicron Particles for Authentication · US Patent Application No. 15/553,246 for Method for Authentication Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients · US Patent Application No. 15/800,768 for Method for Authentication Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients · US Patent No. 8,420,400 for System and Method for Authenticating Tablets · US Patent No. 9,266,370 DNA Marking for Previously Undistinguished Items for Traceability EXHIBIT 10.43 EXECUTION VERSION INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY SECURITY AGREEMENT This INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY SECURITY AGREEMENT (as amended, restated, amended and restated, supplemented or otherwise modified from time to time, the “IP Security Agreement”) dated October 19, 2018, is made by APPLIED DNA SCIENCES, INC. a Delaware corporation (the “Grantor”), in favor of DELAWARE TRUST COMPANY, a Delaware corporation, as collateral agent (the “Collateral Agent”) for the Secured Parties (as defined in the Security Agreement referred to below). otherwise modified from time to time, the “Securities Purchase Agreement”) with the Buyers party thereto. WHEREAS, Grantor is party to the Securities Purchase Agreement dated as of August 31, 2018 (as amended, restated, amended and restated, supplemented or WHEREAS, pursuant to the Securities Purchase Agreement, the Grantor has executed and delivered that certain Security Agreement dated as of October 19, 2018 made by the Grantor to the Collateral Agent for the benefit of the Secured Parties (as amended, restated, amended and restated, supplemented or otherwise modified from time to time, the “Security Agreement”; the capitalized terms defined therein and not otherwise defined herein being used herein as therein defined). WHEREAS, under the terms of the Security Agreement, the Grantor has granted to the Collateral Agent, for the ratable benefit of the Secured Parties, a security interest in, among other property, certain intellectual property of the Grantor, and have agreed as a condition thereof to execute this IP Security Agreement for recording with the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office, the United States Copyright Office and other governmental authorities. NOW, THEREFORE, for good and valuable consideration, the receipt and sufficiency of which are hereby acknowledged, Grantor agrees as follows: right, title and interest in and to the following (the “Collateral”): SECTION 1. Grant of Security. Grantor hereby grants to the Collateral Agent for the ratable benefit of the Secured Parties a security interest in all of Grantor’s (i) all patents, patent applications, utility models and statutory invention registrations, all inventions claimed or disclosed therein and all improvements thereto, including, without limitation, those set forth in Schedule A hereto (the “Patents”); (ii) all trademarks, service marks, domain names, trade dress, logos, designs, slogans, trade names, business names, corporate names and other source identifiers, whether registered or unregistered (provided that no security interest shall be granted in United States intent-to-use trademark applications to the extent that, and solely during the period in which, the grant of a security interest therein would impair the validity or enforceability of such intent-to-use trademark applications under applicable federal law), together, in each case, with the goodwill symbolized thereby, including, without limitation, those set forth in Schedule B hereto (the “Trademarks”); (iii) all copyrights, including, without limitation, copyrights in Computer Software (as hereinafter defined), internet web sites and the content thereof, whether registered or unregistered, including, without limitation, the copyright registrations and applications and exclusive copyright licenses set forth in Schedule C hereto (the “Copyrights”); (iv) all reissues, divisions, continuations, continuations-in-part, extensions, renewals and reexaminations of any of the foregoing, all rights in the foregoing provided by international treaties or conventions, all rights corresponding thereto throughout the world and all other rights of any kind whatsoever of Grantor accruing thereunder or pertaining thereto; respect to any of the foregoing, with the right, but not the obligation, to sue for and collect, or otherwise recover, such damages; and (v) any and all claims for damages and injunctive relief for past, present and future infringement, dilution, misappropriation, violation, misuse or breach with (vi) any and all proceeds of, collateral for, income, royalties and other payments now or hereafter due and payable with respect to, and supporting Obligations (as defined in the Security Agreement) relating to, any and all of the Collateral of or arising from any of the foregoing. SECTION 2. Security for Obligations. The grant of a security interest in the Collateral by Grantor under this IP Security Agreement secures the payment of all Secured Obligations now or hereafter existing under or in respect of the Transaction Documents, whether direct or indirect, absolute or contingent, and whether for principal, reimbursement obligations, interest, premiums, penalties, fees, indemnifications, contract causes of action, costs, expenses or otherwise. Without limiting the generality of the foregoing, this IP Security Agreement secures, as to Grantor, the payment of all amounts that constitute part of the Secured Obligations and that would be owed by Grantor to any Secured Party under the Transaction Documents but for the fact that such Secured Obligations are unenforceable or not allowable due to the existence of a bankruptcy, reorganization or similar proceeding involving Grantor. and any other applicable government officer record this IP Security Agreement. SECTION 3. Recordation. Grantor authorizes and requests that the Register of Copyrights, the Commissioner for Patents and the Commissioner for Trademarks deemed to be an original and all of which taken together shall constitute one and the same agreement. SECTION 4. Execution in Counterparts. This IP Security Agreement may be executed in any number of counterparts, each of which when so executed shall be SECTION 5. Grants, Rights and Remedies. This IP Security Agreement has been entered into in conjunction with the provisions of the Security Agreement. Grantor does hereby acknowledge and confirm that the grant of the security interest hereunder to, and the rights and remedies of, the Collateral Agent with respect to the Collateral are more fully set forth in the Security Agreement, the terms and provisions of which are incorporated herein by reference as if fully set forth herein. SECTION 6. GOVERNING LAW. THIS IP SECURITY AGREEMENT SHALL BE GOVERNED BY, AND CONSTRUED IN ACCORDANCE WITH, THE LAWS OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK WITHOUT REGARD TO CONFLICTS OF LAWS. [remainder of page intentionally blank] IN WITNESS WHEREOF, Grantor has caused this IP Security Agreement to be duly executed and delivered by its officer thereunto duly authorized as of the date first above written. APPLIED DNA SCIENCES, INC. /s/ Beth Jantzen By Name: Beth Jantzen, CPA Title: Chief Financial Officer Address for Notices: 50 Health Sciences Drive Stony Brook, NY 11790 Attn: Beth Jantzen, CPA Facsimile: 631-240-8900 with a copy to: Pepper Hamilton LLP The New York Times Building 37th Floor 620 Eighth Avenue New York, NY 10018-1405 Attention: Merrill M. Kraines E-mail: krainesm@pepperlaw.com SCHEDULE A PATENTS Country United States Status Granted Application No. Application Date 12/384,554 04/06/2009 Title Patent No. Grant Date METHOD FOR A CONTINUOUS RAPID THERMAL CYCLE SYSTEM 8,163,489 04/24/2012 Client Ref No. 8251-61 2542-75 Docket No. 2542-83 2542-82 2542-47 2542-75 2542-95 2542-89 2542-84 2542-89A : Country United States United States United States United States United States United States United States United States SCHEDULE B TRADEMARKS Application Date 12/13/2016 12/20/2016 06/09/2008 12/09/2016 5/16/2017 3/6/2017 12/23/2016 8/16/2017 Application No. 87/267,216 87/275,103 77/494,134 87/263,954 87/451,220 87/360,183 87/279,792 87/571,726 Registration Date 12/12/2017 01/05/2010 05/23/2017 10/17/2017 08/22/2017 Registration No. 5,356,414 3,735,415 5,209,527 5,313,762 5,269,735 Status Filed Registered Registered Registered Filed Registered Registered Filed None. SCHEDULE C COPYRIGHTS Exhibit 10.44 EXECUTION VERSION INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY SECURITY AGREEMENT This INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY SECURITY AGREEMENT (as amended, restated, amended and restated, supplemented or otherwise modified from time to time, the “IP Security Agreement”) dated October 19, 2018, is made by APDN (B.V.I.) Inc., a corporation formed under the laws of the British Virgin Islands (the “ Grantor”), in favor of DELAWARE TRUST COMPANY, a Delaware corporation, as collateral agent (the “ Collateral Agent”) for the Secured Parties (as defined in the Guaranty and Security Agreement referred to below). WHEREAS, Grantor is a wholly owned subsidiary of APPLIED DNA SCIENCES, a Delaware corporation (the “Company”) and the Company is party to the Securities Purchase Agreement dated as of August 31, 2018 (as amended, restated, amended and restated, supplemented or otherwise modified from time to time, the “ Securities Purchase Agreement”) with the Buyers party thereto. WHEREAS, pursuant to the Securities Purchase Agreement, the Grantor has executed and delivered that certain Guaranty and Security Agreement, dated as of the date hereof, made by the Grantor to the Collateral Agent for the benefit of the Secured Parties (as amended, restated, amended and restated, supplemented or otherwise modified from time to time, the “Security Agreement”; the capitalized terms defined therein and not otherwise defined herein being used herein as therein defined). WHEREAS, under the terms of the Security Agreement, the Grantor has granted to the Collateral Agent, for the ratable benefit of the Secured Parties, a security interest in, among other property, certain intellectual property of the Grantor, and have agreed as a condition thereof to execute this IP Security Agreement for recording with the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office, the United States Copyright Office and other governmental authorities. NOW, THEREFORE, for good and valuable consideration, the receipt and sufficiency of which are hereby acknowledged, Grantor agrees as follows: SECTION 1. Grant of Security. Grantor hereby grants to the Collateral Agent for the ratable benefit of the Secured Parties a security interest in all of Grantor’s right, title and interest in and to the following (the “Collateral”): (i) all patents, patent applications, utility models and statutory invention registrations, all inventions claimed or disclosed therein and all improvements thereto, including, without limitation, those set forth in Schedule A hereto (the “Patents”); (ii) all trademarks, service marks, domain names, trade dress, logos, designs, slogans, trade names, business names, corporate names and other source identifiers, whether registered or unregistered (provided that no security interest shall be granted in United States intent-to-use trademark applications to the extent that, and solely during the period in which, the grant of a security interest therein would impair the validity or enforceability of such intent-to-use trademark applications under applicable federal law), together, in each case, with the goodwill symbolized thereby, including, without limitation, those set forth in Schedule B hereto (the “Trademarks”); (iii) all copyrights, including, without limitation, copyrights in Computer Software (as hereinafter defined), internet web sites and the content thereof, whether registered or unregistered, including, without limitation, the copyright registrations and applications and exclusive copyright licenses set forth in Schedule C hereto (the “Copyrights”); (iv) all reissues, divisions, continuations, continuations-in-part, extensions, renewals and reexaminations of any of the foregoing, all rights in the foregoing provided by international treaties or conventions, all rights corresponding thereto throughout the world and all other rights of any kind whatsoever of Grantor accruing thereunder or pertaining thereto; (v) any and all claims for damages and injunctive relief for past, present and future infringement, dilution, misappropriation, violation, misuse or breach with respect to any of the foregoing, with the right, but not the obligation, to sue for and collect, or otherwise recover, such damages; and (as defined in the Security Agreement) relating to, any and all of the Collateral of or arising from any of the foregoing. (vi) any and all proceeds of, collateral for, income, royalties and other payments now or hereafter due and payable with respect to, and supporting Obligations SECTION 2. Security for Obligations. The grant of a security interest in the Collateral by Grantor under this IP Security Agreement secures the payment of all Secured Obligations now or hereafter existing under or in respect of the Transaction Documents, whether direct or indirect, absolute or contingent, and whether for principal, reimbursement obligations, interest, premiums, penalties, fees, indemnifications, contract causes of action, costs, expenses or otherwise. Without limiting the generality of the foregoing, this IP Security Agreement secures, as to Grantor, the payment of all amounts that constitute part of the Secured Obligations and that would be owed by Grantor to any Secured Party under the Transaction Documents but for the fact that such Secured Obligations are unenforceable or not allowable due to the existence of a bankruptcy, reorganization or similar proceeding involving Grantor. SECTION 3. Recordation. Grantor authorizes and requests that the Register of Copyrights, the Commissioner for Patents and the Commissioner for Trademarks and any other applicable government officer record this IP Security Agreement. deemed to be an original and all of which taken together shall constitute one and the same agreement. SECTION 4. Execution in Counterparts. This IP Security Agreement may be executed in any number of counterparts, each of which when so executed shall be SECTION 5. Grants, Rights and Remedies. This IP Security Agreement has been entered into in conjunction with the provisions of the Security Agreement. Grantor does hereby acknowledge and confirm that the grant of the security interest hereunder to, and the rights and remedies of, the Collateral Agent with respect to the Collateral are more fully set forth in the Security Agreement, the terms and provisions of which are incorporated herein by reference as if fully set forth herein. -2- LAWS OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK WITHOUT REGARD TO CONFLICTS OF LAWS. SECTION 6. GOVERNING LAW. THIS IP SECURITY AGREEMENT SHALL BE GOVERNED BY, AND CONSTRUED IN ACCORDANCE WITH, THE [remainder of page intentionally blank] -3- IN WITNESS WHEREOF, Grantor has caused this IP Security Agreement to be duly executed and delivered by its officer thereunto duly authorized as of the date first above written. APDN (B.V.I.) INC., a corporation formed under the laws of the British Virgin Islands By: Name: Title: /s/ James A. Hayward James A. Hayward Authorized Signatory Address for Notices: 50 Health Sciences Drive Stony Brook, NY 11790 Attn: Beth Jantzen, CPA Facsimile: 631-240-8900 with a copy to: Pepper Hamilton LLP The New York Times Building 37th Floor 620 Eighth Avenue New York, NY 10018-1405 Attention: Merrill M. Kraines E-mail: krainesm@pepperlaw.com -4- SCHEDULE A Patents Country Status Application No. Application Date Title Patent Number Grant Date Australia Filed 2013329256 10/10/2013 Australia Granted 2013331402 10/16/2013 Canada Canada Canada Canada Filed Filed Filed 2,903,728 10/16/2013 2,926,436 10/07/2014 2,940,655 03/18/2015 Granted 2,945,710 04/14/2015 Canada Granted 2,886,472 10/10/2013 USE OF PERTURBANTS TO FACILITATE INCORPORATION AND RECOVERY OF TAGGANTS FROM POLYMERIZED COATINGS SECURITY SYSTEM AND METHOD OF MARKING AN INVENTORY ITEM AND/OR PERSON IN THE VICINITY SECURITY SYSTEM AND METHOD OF MARKING AN INVENTORY ITEM AND/OR PERSON IN THE VICINITY MULTIMODE IMAGE AND SPECTRAL READER ENCRYPTED OPTICAL MARKERS FOR SECURITY APPLICATIONS CONTOUR ENCRYPTION AND DECRYPTION USE OF PERTURBANTS TO FACILITATE INCORPORATION AND RECOVERY OF TAGGANTS FROM POLYMERIZED COATINGS -5- 2013331402 02/08/2018 2,945,710 07/11/2017 2,886,472 04/18/2017  Country Status Application No. Application Date Title Patent Number Grant Date Canada Canada Granted 2,713,101 10/04/2007 Granted CA2480069 3/21/2003 China P.R. Filed PCT/US2015/025734 04/15/2015 China P.R. Filed 201580014368.6 03/18/2015 China P.R. Granted 3155949.2 08/27/2003 China P.R. Granted ZL 200780045281 .0 10/04/2007 China P.R. Granted 31559492 08/27/2003 China P.R. Granted 00107580.2 05/18/2000 METHOD FOR A CONTINUOUS RAPID THERMAL CYCLE SYSTEM Marking Apparatus for Nucleic Acid Marking of Items CONTOUR ENCRYPTION AND DECRYPTION ENCRYPTED OPTICAL MARKERS FOR SECURITY APPLICATIONS METHOD OF DISSOLVING NUCLEIC ACID IN WATER INSOLUBLE MEDIUM AND ITS APPLICATION METHOD FOR A CONTINUOUS RAPID THERMAL CYCLE SYSTEM METHOD FOR MIXING RIBONUCLEIC ACID IN WATER- INSOLUBLE MEDIUM AND UTILIZATION THEREOF A METHOD FOR UTILIZING RIBONUCLEIC ACID AS MARKERS FOR PRODUCT ANTI- COUNTERFEITING LABELS 2,713,101 09/13/2016 480069 7/24/2012 101589157 04/02/2014 356065 08/27/2003 193957 05/18/2000 -6-  Country Status Application No. Application Date Title Patent Number Grant Date 1394544 03/27/2003 156878.3 08/03/2004 European Patent Convention European Patent Convention European Patent Convention European Patent Convention European Patent Convention European Patent Convention European Patent Convention European Patent Convention Granted 03007023.9 03/27/2003 Granted 4018374.1 08/03/2004 Filed Filed Filed Filed Filed Filed 14852842.5 10/07/2014 15780179.6 04/15/2015 07852534.2 10/04/2007 15765671.1 03/18/2015 16783711.1 09/28/2017 13776001.3 04/05/2013 -7- METHOD FOR MIXING RIBONUCLEIC ACID IN WATER- INSOLUBLE MEDIUM AND UTILIZATION THEREOF METHOD FOR CONCEALING A SECRET INFORMATION CARRIED WITHIN A DNA MOLECULE AND METHOD FOR DECODING A SECRET INFORMATION THAT HAVE BEEN CONCEALED BY SAID CONCEALING METHOD MULTIMODE IMAGE AND SPECTRAL READER CONTOUR ENCRYPTION AND DECRYPTION METHOD FOR A CONTINUOUS RAPID THERMAL CYCLE SYSTEM ENCRYPTED OPTICAL MARKERS FOR SECURITY APPLICATIONS HYDROPHOBIC NUCLEIC ACID SALTS AS SECURITY MARKERS PLASMA TREATMENT FOR DNA BINDING  Country Status Application No. Application Date Title Patent Number Grant Date European Patent Convention European Patent Convention Filed 13845351.9 10/10/2013 Filed 14784907.9 04/18/2014 European Patent Convention Filed Granted 13847647.8 10/16/2013 USE OF PERTURBANTS TO FACILITATE INCORPORATION AND RECOVERY OF TAGGANTS FROM POLYMERIZED COATINGS LASER MARKING FOR AUTHENTICATION AND TRACKING SECURITY SYSTEM AND METHOD OF MARKING AN INVENTORY ITEM AND/OR PERSON IN THE VICINITY SECURITY SYSTEM AND METHOD OF MARKING AN INVENTORY ITEM AND/OR PERSON IN THE VICINITY European Patent Convention European Patent Convention France France Granted Granted 12152848.3 01/27/2012 MARKING COMPOSITION 2482262 09/06/2017 12152848.3 01/27/2012 MARKING COMPOSITION 2482262 09/06/2017 Granted 4018374.1 08/03/2004 France Granted 03007023.9 03/27/2003 -8- A NUCLEIC ACID BASED STEGANOGRAPHY SYSTEM AND APPLICATION THEREOF METHOD FOR MIXING RIBONUCLEIC ACID IN WATER- INSOLUBLE MEDIUM AND UTILIZATION THEREOF 1568783 07/11/2007 1394544 02/04/2009  Country Status Application No. Application Date Title Patent Number Grant Date Germany Granted 4018374.1 08/03/2004 Germany Granted 03007023.9 03/27/2003 A NUCLEIC ACID BASED STEGANOGRAPHY SYSTEM AND APPLICATION THEREOF METHOD FOR MIXING RIBONUCLEIC ACID IN WATER- INSOLUBLE MEDIUM AND UTILIZATION THEREOF Germany Great Britain Great Britain Granted Granted Granted 12152848.3 01/27/2012 MARKING COMPOSITION 12152848.3 01/27/2012 MARKING COMPOSITION 613626.1 07/08/2006 MARKING MATERIAL Great Britain Granted 4018374.1 08/03/2004 Great Britain Granted 03007023.9 03/27/2003 Great Britain Granted GB2390055 3/21/2003 A NUCLEIC ACID BASED STEGANOGRAPHY SYSTEM AND APPLICATION THEREOF METHOD FOR MIXING RIBONUCLEIC ACID IN WATER- INSOLUBLE MEDIUM AND UTILIZATION THEREOF Marking Apparatus for Nucleic Acid Marking of Items 04018374 07/11/2007 603 26 065.9 2482262 2482262 613626.1 02/04/2009 09/06/2017 09/06/2017 07/08/2006 1568783 07/11/2007 1394544 02/04/2009 GB2390055 8/9/2005 -9-  Country Status Application No. Application Date Title Patent Number Grant Date Hong Kong Granted 10105127.3 10/04/2007 India India Granted P 002 004 00374 08/04/2004 Filed ############## 07/13/2017 Indonesia Granted P-002004/00374 08/04/2004 METHOD FOR A CONTINUOUS RAPID THERMAL CYCLE SYSTEM A NUCLEIC ACID BASED STEGANOGRAPHY SYSTEM AND APPLICATION THEREOF METHOD AND DEVICE FOR MARKING FIBROUS MATERIALS METHOD FOR CONCEALING A SECRET INFORMATION CARRIED WITHIN A DNA MOLECULE AND METHOD FOR DECODING A SECRET INFORMATION THAT HAVE BEEN CONCEALED BY SAID CONCEALING METHOD 1139184 11/14/2014 IDO 0026764 08/04/2004 IDO 0026764 08/04/2004 Ireland Israel Italy Italy Granted 12152848.3 01/27/2012 MARKING COMPOSITION 2482262 09/06/2017 Granted 198028 10/04/2007 Granted 4018374.1 08/03/2004 Granted 03007023.9 03/27/2003 METHOD FOR PERFORMING PCR IN A CONTINUOUS RAPID THERMAL CYCLE SYSTEM A NUCLEIC ACID BASED STEGANOGRAPHY SYSTEM AND APPLICATION THEREOF METHOD FOR MIXING RIBONUCLEIC ACID IN WATER- INSOLUBLE MEDIUM AND UTILIZATION THEREOF 198028 07/06/2015 31679 BE/2007 07/11/2007 1394544 02/04/2009 -10-  Country Status Application No. Application Date Title Patent Number Grant Date Japan Japan Japan Filed 2017-501090 03/18/2015 Granted 2016-562831 10/14/2016 Granted 2004-225987 08/04/2004 Japan Granted 2002/294229 08/30/2002 Malaysia Granted PI2004/3145 08/04/2004 Patent Cooperation Treaty Patent Cooperation Treaty Patent Cooperation Treaty Filed PCT/US2015/025734 04/14/2015 Filed PCT/US2015/021165 03/18/2015 Filed PCT/US18/13549 01/12/2018 -11- ENCRYPTED OPTICAL MARKERS FOR SECURITY APPLICATIONS CONTOUR ENCRYPTION AND DECRYPTION METHOD FOR ENCRYPTING AND DECRYPTING SPECIFIC MESSAGE BY USING NUCLEIC ACID MOLECULE METHOD FOR MIXING RIBONUCLEIC ACID IN WATER- INSOLUBLE MEDIUM AND UTILIZATION THEREOF METHOD FOR CONCEALING A SECRET INFORMATION CARRIED WITHIN A DNA MOLECULE AND METHOD FOR DECODING A SECRET INFORMATION THAT HAVE BEEN CONCEALED BY SAID CONCEALING METHOD CONTOUR ENCRYPTION AND DECRYPTION ENCRYPTED OPTICAL MARKERS FOR SECURITY APPLICATIONS TRACEABLE NUCLEIC ACID MARKED FERTILIZER 6273379 01/12/2018 4452947 08/04/2004 3930794 08/30/2002 MY-135976-A 07/31/2008  Country Status Application No. Application Date Title Patent Number Grant Date Patent Cooperation Treaty Patent Cooperation Treaty Filed PCT/US17/17049 Filed PCT/US17/23579 03/22/2017 Peru Filed Republic of Korea Granted 61387/2004 08/04/2004 Switzerland Granted 4018374.1 08/03/2004 Switzerland Granted 03007023.9 03/27/2003 Taiwan Filed 104110480 03/31/2015 Taiwan Filed 92119302 07/15/2003 -12- IDENTIFYING MARKED ARTICLES IN THE INTERNATIONAL STREAM OF COMMERCE METHOD OF MARKING CELLULOSIC PRODUCTS METHOD AND DEVICE FOR MARKING FIBROUS MATERIALS METHOD FOR CONCEALING A SECRET INFORMATION CARRIED WITHIN A DNA MOLECULE AND METHOD FOR DECODING A SECRET INFORMATION THAT HAVE BEEN CONCEALED BY SAID CONCEALING METHOD A NUCLEIC ACID BASED STEGANOGRAPHY SYSTEM AND APPLICATION THEREOF METHOD FOR MIXING RIBONUCLEIC ACID IN WATER- INSOLUBLE MEDIUM AND UTILIZATION THEREOF IN-FIELD DNA EXTRACTION, DETECTION AND AUTHENTICATION METHODS AND SYSTEMS THEREFOR A TRANSFER METHOD OF REWARD FUND CAPABLE FOR IDENTIFYING MULTIPLE TARGETS 4452947 08/04/2004 1568783 07/11/2007 337023 02/04/2009  Country Status Application No. Application Date Title Patent Number Grant Date Taiwan Granted 2003-0121490 08/06/2003 Taiwan Granted 89108443 03/17/2000 Taiwan Granted 89111477 06/12/2000 Thailand Granted 92819 08/04/2004 METHOD FOR CONCEALING A SECRET INFORMATION CARRIED WITHIN A DNA MOLECULE AND METHOD FOR DECODING A SECRET INFORMATION THAT HAVE BEEN CONCEALED BY SAID CONCEALING METHOD NUCLEIC ACID AS MARKER FOR PRODUCT ANTI-COUNTERFETING AND IDENTIFICATION A DEVICE FOR MULTIPLE PCR IN A CLOSED CONTAINER AND METHOD OF USING THERFOR METHOD FOR CONCEALING A SECRET INFORMATION CARRIED WITHIN A DNA MOLECULE AND METHOD FOR DECODING A SECRET INFORMATION THAT HAVE BEEN CONCEALED BY SAID CONCEALING METHOD I326308 02/16/2005 I231311 06/12/2000 156878.3 08/04/2004 Turkey United States Filed Filed 14/695,228 04/24/2015 2018/03030 3/1/2018 TRACEABLE NUCLEIC ACID MARKED FERTILIZER United States Filed 14/570,242 12/15/2014 -13- METHODS AND SYSTEMS FOR THE GENERATION OF A PLURALITY OF SECURITY MARKERS AND THE DETECTION THEROF SECURITY SYSTEM AND METHOD OF MARKING AN INVENTORY ITEM AND/OR PERSON IN THE VICINITY  Country Status Application No. Application Date Title Patent Number Grant Date United States United States Filed Filed 14/969,582 12/15/2015 14/572,552 12/16/2014 United States Filed PCT/US2015/066074 12/16/2015 United States United States Filed Filed 16/028,176 07/05/2018 15/562,495 09/28/2017 United States Filed PCT/US2016/022532 03/16/2016 United States United States Filed Filed 15/427,983 02/08/2017 15/212,429 07/18/2016 INCORPORATING SOLUBLE SECURITY MARKERS INTO CYANOACRYLATE SOLUTIONS METHOD AND DEVICE FOR MARKING FIBROUS MATERIALS METHOD AND DEVICE FOR MARKING FIBROUS MATERIALS ENCRYPTED OPTICAL MARKERS FOR SECURITY APPLICATIONS HYDROPHOBIC NUCLEIC ACID SALTS AS SECURITY MARKERS METHOD FOR AUTHENTICATING ACTIVE PHARMACEUTICAL INGREDIENTS IDENTIFYING MARKED ARTICLES IN THE INTERNATIONAL STREAM OF COMMERCE PLASMA TREATMENT FOR DNA BINDING -14-  Country Status Application No. Application Date Title Patent Number Grant Date United States Filed 15/722,157 10/02/2017 United States United States United States United States United States Filed Filed Filed Filed Filed 62/575, 926 10/20/2017 15/870,035 01/12/2018 15/868,510 01/11/2018 15/466,016 03/22/2017 62/524,186 06/23/201 United States Filed 62/660,158 04/19/2018 United States Filed 62/625,702 02/02/2018 COMPOSITION AND METHOD OF DNA MARKING ELASTOMERIC MATERIAL SYSTEM AND METHOD OF TAGGING OBJECTS WITH DETECTABLE NUCLEIC ACID MARKERS VIA AERIAL DELIVERY TRACEABLE NUCLEIC ACID MARKED FERTILIZER MULTIMODE IMAGE AND SPECTRAL READER METHOD OF MARKING CELLULOSIC PRODUCTS RAPID AUTHENTICATION OF PHARMACEUTICALS VIA DNA TAGGING AND IN-FIELD DETECTION SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR PRODUCING PATIENT-SPECIFIC ANTIBODIES VIA LINEAR DNA AMPLICONS SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR TRACKING ORIGIN OF CANNABIS PRODUCTS AND CANNABIS DERIVATIVE PRODUCTS -15-  Country Status Application No. Application Date Title Patent Number Grant Date United States United States United States Filed Filed Filed 62/684,142 06/12/2018 16/028,176 07/05/2018 62/700,021 07/18/2018 United States Granted 15/027,454 04/06/2016 United States Granted 10/748,412 12/29/2003 United States Granted 11/954,038 12/11/2007 United States Granted 11/954,044 12/11/2007 United States Granted 11/954,051 12/11/2007 SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR PRODUCING PATIENT-SPECIFIC TUMOR ANTIGENS VIA LINEAR DNA AMPLICONS ENCRYPTED OPTICAL MARKERS FOR SECURITY APPLICATIONS PLANT MATERIAL SPRAYING SYSTEM MULTIMODE IMAGE AND SPECTRAL READER METHOD OF MARKING SOLID OR LIQUID SUBSTANCES WITH NUCLEIC ACID FOR ANTI- COUNTERFEITING AND AUTHENTICATION METHODS FOR AUTHENTICATING ARTICLES WITH OPTICAL REPORTERS SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR SECURE DOCUMENT PRINTING AND DETECTION SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR AUTHENTICATING SPORTS IDENTIFICATION GOODS -16- 9,904,734 02/27/2018 7,115,301 10/03/2006 8,426,216 04/23/2013 8,415,164 04/09/2013 8,415,165 04/09/2013  Country Status Application No. Application Date Title Patent Number Grant Date United States Granted 11/954,030 12/11/2007 United States Granted 13/761,447 02/07/2013 OPTICAL REPORTER COMPOSITIONS OPTICAL REPORTER COMPOSITIONS 8,372,648 02/12/2013 9,005,985 04/14/2015 United States Granted 14/253,641 04/15/2014 CONTOUR ENCRYPTION AND DECRYPTION 9,412,284 08/09/2016 United States United States Granted Granted 11/954,009 12/11/2007 METHODS FOR COVALENT LINKING OF OPTICAL REPORTERS 8,124,333 02/28/2012 12/307,488 10/26/2009 MARKING MATERIAL 9,171,443 10/27/2015 United States Granted 13/648,594 10/10/2012 United States Granted 14/497,614 09/26/2014 United States Granted 15/079,214 03/24/2016 USE OF PERTURBANTS TO FACILITATE INCORPORATION AND RECOVERY OF TAGGANTS FROM POLYMERIZED COATINGS METHOD AND DEVICE FOR MARKING ARTICLES USE OF PERTURBANTS TO FACILITATE INCORPORATION AND RECOVERY OF TAGGANTS FROM POLYMERIZED COATINGS 9,297,032 03/29/2016 9,963,740 05/08/2018 -17-  Country Status Application No. Application Date Title Patent Number Grant Date United States Granted 14/661,489 03/18/2015 Various EU Members Granted 312388.2 3/21/3003 Vietnam Granted 1-2004-00742 08/04/2004 ENCRYPTED OPTICAL MARKERS FOR SECURITY APPLICATIONS Marking Apparatus for Nucleic Acid Marking of Items METHOD FOR CONCEALING A SECRET INFORMATION CARRIED WITHIN A DNA MOLECULE AND METHOD FOR DECODING A SECRET INFORMATION THAT HAVE BEEN CONCEALED BY SAID CONCEALING METHOD 10,047,282 08/14/2018 EP1488039 3/9/2006 9182 08/04/2004 -18-  Docket Number Client Ref No. 8251-8 AUSTRALIA Country Australia 2542-10 AUSTRALIA 2542-10 CANADA 2542-89 Intl/EU 2542-75 EU 2542-72 EU 2542-46 EU 2542-54 INTL/EU 2542-55 INTL/EU 2542-33 EU 2542-62 INTL/EU 2542-63 INTL/EU 2542-42 EU 2542-59 EU 2542-58 EU 2542-41 EU 2542-57 EU 2542-29 EU 2542-47 EU 2542-56 EU 2542-60 EU 2542-61 EU 2542-10 EU 2542-30 INTL/EU 2542-58 UNITED KINGDOM 2542-30 INTL/ICELAND 8251-8 CANADA Canada Community Trademark Community Trademark Community Trademark Community Trademark 8251-59 EPO 8251-70 MP EU Community Trademark 8251-71 MP EU Community Trademark 8251-16 CTM Community Trademark 8251-72 MP EU Community Trademark 8251-73 MP EU Community Trademark 8251-52 CTM Community Trademark 8251-66 CTM Community Trademark 8251-65 CTM Community Trademark 8251-51 CTM Community Trademark 8251-64 CTM Community Trademark Community Trademark 8251-10 EPO Community Trademark 8251-61 EU 8251-62 CTM Community Trademark 8251-67 CTM Community Trademark 8251-68 CTM Community Trademark Community Trademark 8251-8 EPO 8251-12 MP EU Community Trademark Great Britain 8251-65 8251-12 MP ICELAND SCHEDULE B Trademarks Application Date Application No Registration Date Registration No. 10/27/2006 10/26/2006 8/16/2017 6/9/2017 12/20/2016 11/09/2009 10/09/2015 10/09/2015 07/19/2012 10/09/2015 10/09/2015 05/09/2011 04/16/2010 05/06/2011 12/07/2007 05/06/2011 08/12/2010 12/07/2007 05/06/2011 05/06/2011 05/06/2011 10/26/2006 11/22/2013 11/09/2009 1143760 1321773 1368527 16828287 16189961 1022396 1277705 1,280,146 011054285 1,277,538 1,282,810 009948258 009034349 00948258 006537047 009948092 1048621 006536999 009948118 009948308 009948423 005419031 1,186,977 2531080 09/29/2008 11/28/2012 8/7/2017 9-Jun-17 04/24/2017 11/09/2009 10/09/2015 10/09/2015 12/14/2012 10/09/2015 10/09/2015 10/13/2011 09/28/2010 10/13/2011 11/21/2008 10/13/2011 08/12/2010 11/06/2008 10/13/2011 10/13/2011 10/13/2011 09/28/2007 11/22/2013 05/18/2012 1143760 837149 1368527 16828287 16189961 1022396 1277705 1,280,146 011054285 1,277,538 1,282,810 009948258 009034349 00948258 006537047 009948092 1048621 006536999 009948118 009948308 009948423 005419031 1,186,977 00002531080 Status Registered Registered Registered Registered Registered Registered Registered Registered Registered Registered Registered Registered Registered Registered Registered Registered Registered Registered Registered Registered Registered Registered Registered Registered Registered Iceland 12/19/2013 3594/2013 11/22/2013 1,186,977 -19-  Docket Number 2542-89 Intl 2542-54 INTL 2542-55 INTL 2542-62 INTL 2542-63 INTL 2542-30 INTL 2542-89 Intl/UK Client Ref No. 8251-70 MP 8251-71 MP 8251-72 MP 8251-73 MP 8251-12 MP 2542-84UK 2542-72 2542-54 2542-55 2542-70 2542-9 2542-31 2542-33 2542-32 2542-11 2542-12 2542-10 2542-30 2542-88 8251-70 8251-71 8251-14 8251-16 8251-15 8251-11 8251-13 8251-8 8251-12 Country International International International International International International UK UK United States United States United States United States United States United States United States United States United States United States United States United States United States Application Date 8/7/2017 10/09/2015 10/09/2015 10/09/2015 10/09/2015 11/22/2013 3/6/2017 06/22/2017 06/21/2016 04/10/2015 04/10/2015 06/29/2015 09/22/2003 12/29/2010 01/25/2012 12/29/2010 05/04/2009 05/04/2009 04/28/2006 08/12/2010 2/21/2017 Application No A0069009 A0053765 1,280,146 1277538 1,282,810 A0039418 WE00001368527 UK00003238912 87/078,346 86/593,696 86/593,862 86/677,227 76/978,843 85/207,192 85/524,990 85/207,229 77/728,511 77/728,499 78/871,967 85/105,993 87/343,172 -20- Registration Date Registration No. 10/09/2015 10/09/2015 10/09/2015 10/09/2015 11/22/2013 1/9/2018 09/08/2017 04/11/2017 04/11/2017 02/14/2017 08/19/2008 04/03/2012 03/04/2014 11/22/2011 10/12/2010 01/10/2012 08/05/2008 05/22/2012 1277705 1/280,146 1277538 1,282,810 1,186,977 1368527 UK00003238912 5,182,183 5,182,184 5,142,544 3,489,209 4,120,445 4,491,643 4,058,892 3,862,228 4,085,298 3,482,366 4,147,273 Status Registered Registered Registered Registered Registered Registered Registered Registered Filed Registered Registered Registered Registered Registered Registered Registered Registered Registered Registered Registered Filed None. Copyrights -21- SECURITIES PURCHASE AGREEMENT Exhibit 10.45 SECURITIES PURCHASE AGREEMENT (the “Agreement”), dated as of August 31, 2018, by and among Applied DNA Sciences, Inc., a Delaware corporation, with headquarters located at 50 Health Sciences Drive, Stony Brook, New York 11790 (the “Company”), and the investors listed on the Schedule of Buyers attached hereto (individually, a “Buyer” and collectively, the “Buyers”). WHEREAS: A. The Company and each Buyer is executing and delivering this Agreement in reliance upon the exemption from securities registration afforded by Section 4(a)(2) of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “1933 Act”), and Rule 506(b) of Regulation D (“Regulation D”) as promulgated by the United States Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) under the 1933 Act. B. The Company has authorized a new series of secured convertible notes of the Company which notes shall be convertible into the Company’s common stock, $0.001 par value per share (the “Common Stock”), all in accordance with the terms of the Notes (as defined below). C. Each Buyer wishes to purchase on a several and not a joint basis, and the Company wishes to sell, upon the terms and conditions stated in this Agreement, that principal amount of the Notes, in substantially the form attached hereto as Exhibit A (the “Notes”), set forth opposite such Buyer’s name in column (3) on the Schedule of Buyers attached hereto (which aggregate amount for all Buyers shall be $1,650,000). D. Contemporaneously with the execution and delivery of this Agreement, the parties hereto are executing and delivering a Registration Rights Agreement, substantially in the form attached hereto as Exhibit B (the “Registration Rights Agreement”), pursuant to which the Company has agreed to provide certain registration rights with respect to the Registrable Securities (as defined in the Registration Rights Agreement) under the 1933 Act and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder, and applicable state securities laws. E. The Common Stock issued upon the conversion of the Notes shall be known as the “Conversion Shares.” F. The Notes and the Conversion Shares are collectively referred to herein as the “Securities.” G. The Notes will be secured by a security interest in substantially all of the assets of the Company, as evidenced by the security agreement, substantially in the form attached hereto as Exhibit C (the “Security Document”), which shall be executed within five (5) Business Days of the Closing. NOW, THEREFORE, the Company and each Buyer hereby agree as follows: 1. PURCHASE AND SALE OF NOTES. (a) Purchase of Notes. Subject to the satisfaction (or waiver) of the conditions set forth in Sections 6 and 7 below, the Company shall issue and sell to each Buyer, and each Buyer severally, but not jointly, agrees to purchase from the Company on the applicable Closing Date (as defined below), a principal amount of Notes as is set forth opposite such Buyer’s name in column (3) on the Schedule of Buyers (the “Closing”). (b) Closing. The Closing shall occur on the applicable Closing Date (as defined below) at the offices of Pepper Hamilton LLP, 620 Eighth Avenue, New York, NY 10018. (c) Purchase Price. The purchase price for each Buyer of the Notes to be purchased by each such Buyer at the Closing shall be the amount set forth opposite such Buyer’s name in column (4) of the Schedule of Buyers (the “Purchase Price”). (d) Closing Date. The date and time of each Closing (each, a “Closing Date”) shall be mutually agreed by the Company and each Buyer after notification of satisfaction (or waiver) of the conditions to the Closing set forth in Sections 6 and 7 below. (e) Delivery and Payment. On or prior to the Closing Date, each Buyer shall pay its Purchase Price for the Notes to be issued and sold to such Buyer at the Closing by check or wire transfer of immediately available funds to such account or accounts of the Company as the Company shall specify, and the Company shall deliver to each Buyer, the Notes (in the principal amounts as such Buyer shall request) which such Buyer is then purchasing duly executed on behalf of the Company and registered in the name of such Buyer or its designee. 2. BUYER’S REPRESENTATIONS AND WARRANTIES. Each Buyer represents and warrants with respect to only itself and no other Buyer that: (a) No Public Sale or Distribution. Such Buyer is (i) acquiring the Notes and (ii) upon conversion of the Notes will acquire the Conversion Shares issuable upon conversion of the Notes, for its own account and not with a view towards, or for resale in connection with, the public sale or distribution thereof, except pursuant to sales registered or exempted under the 1933 Act. Except as previously disclosed to the Company in writing, such Buyer (i) does not presently have any agreement or understanding, directly or indirectly, with any Person (defined as any individual, limited liability company, partnership, joint venture, corporation, trust, unincorporated organization, government or any department or agency thereof) to distribute any of the Securities, and (ii) is not a broker-dealer registered with the SEC under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “1934 Act”), or any entity engaged in the business that would require it to be so registered as a broker-dealer. (b) Accredited Investor Status. Such Buyer is an “accredited investor” as that term is defined in Rule 501(a) of Regulation D. (c) Reliance on Exemptions. Such Buyer understands that the Securities are being offered and sold to it in reliance on specific exemptions from the registration requirements of United States federal and state securities laws and that the Company is relying in part upon the truth and accuracy of, and such Buyer’s compliance with, the representations, warranties, agreements, acknowledgments and understandings of such Buyer set forth herein in order to determine the availability of such exemptions and the eligibility of such Buyer to acquire the Securities. (d) Information. Such Buyer and its advisors, if any, have been furnished with all materials relating to the business, finances and operations of the Company and materials relating to the offer and sale of the Securities, which have been requested by such Buyer. Such Buyer and its advisors, if any, have reviewed a copy of the Company’s most recent Annual Report on Form 10-K (including any risk factors), Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q (including any risk factors), Proxy Statements on Form Def 14A and current reports on Form 8-K. Such Buyer and its advisors, if any, have been afforded the opportunity to ask questions of the Company. Such Buyer understands that its investment in the Securities involves a high degree of risk. Such Buyer has sought such accounting, legal and tax advice as it has considered necessary to make an informed investment decision with respect to its acquisition of the Securities. (e) No Governmental Review. Such Buyer understands that no United States federal or state agency or any other government or governmental agency has passed on or made any recommendation or endorsement of the Securities or the fairness or suitability of the investment in the Securities nor have such authorities passed upon or endorsed the merits of the offering of the Securities. Any statement to the contrary is unlawful. (f) Legends. Buyer understands that the certificates or other instruments representing the Securities have been issued pursuant to an exemption from registration or qualification under the 1933 Act and applicable state securities laws, and except as set forth below, the Securities shall bear any legend as required by the “blue sky” laws of any state and a restrictive legend in substantially the following form (and a stop-transfer order may be placed against transfer of such stock certificates): -2- NEITHER THE ISSUANCE AND SALE OF THE SECURITIES REPRESENTED BY THIS CERTIFICATE NOR THE SECURITIES INTO WHICH THESE SECURITIES ARE CONVERTIBLE HAVE BEEN REGISTERED UNDER THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933, AS AMENDED, OR APPLICABLE STATE SECURITIES LAWS. THE SECURITIES MAY NOT BE OFFERED FOR SALE, SOLD, TRANSFERRED OR ASSIGNED (I) IN THE ABSENCE OF (A) AN EFFECTIVE REGISTRATION STATEMENT FOR THE SECURITIES UNDER THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933, AS AMENDED, OR (B) AN OPINION OF COUNSEL TO THE HOLDER (IF REQUESTED BY THE COMPANY), IN A FORM REASONABLY ACCEPTABLE TO THE COMPANY, THAT REGISTRATION IS NOT REQUIRED UNDER SAID ACT OR (II) UNLESS SOLD OR ELIGIBLE TO BE SOLD PURSUANT TO RULE 144 OR RULE 144A UNDER SAID ACT. Certificates evidencing Securities shall not be required to contain the legend set forth above or any other legend (i) while a registration statement covering the resale of such Securities is effective under the 1933 Act, (ii) following any sale of such Securities pursuant to Rule 144 (assuming the transferor is not an affiliate of the Company), (iii) if such Securities are eligible to be sold, assigned or transferred under Rule 144 (provided that Buyer provides the Company with reasonable assurances that such Securities are eligible for sale, assignment or transfer under Rule 144), (iv) in connection with a sale, assignment or other transfer (other than under Rule 144), provided that Buyer provides the Company with an opinion of counsel to Buyer from reputable counsel to the effect that such sale, assignment or transfer of the Securities may be made without registration under the applicable requirements of the 1933 Act or (v) if such legend is not required under applicable requirements of the 1933 Act (including, without limitation, controlling judicial interpretations and pronouncements issued by the SEC). If a legend is not required pursuant to the foregoing, the Company shall no later than five (5) Business Days following the delivery by Buyer to the Company or the transfer agent (with notice to the Company) of a legended certificate representing such Securities (endorsed or with stock powers attached, signatures guaranteed, and otherwise in form necessary to affect the reissuance and/or transfer, if applicable), together with any other deliveries from Buyer as may be required above in this Section 2(f), as directed by Buyer, either: (A) provided that the Company’s transfer agent is participating in the DTC Fast Automated Securities Transfer Program and such Securities are Conversion Shares, credit the aggregate number of shares of Common Stock to which Buyer shall be entitled to Buyer’s or its designee’s balance account with DTC through its Deposit/Withdrawal at Custodian system or (B) if the Company’s transfer agent is not participating in the DTC Fast Automated Securities Transfer Program or the Securities are not shares of Common Stock, issue and deliver (via reputable overnight courier) to Buyer, a certificate representing such Securities that is free from all restrictive and other legends, registered in the name of Buyer or its designee. (g) Validity; Enforcement. This Agreement, the Registration Rights Agreement and the Security Document to which such Buyer is a party have been duly and validly authorized, executed and delivered on behalf of such Buyer and shall constitute the legal, valid and binding obligations of such Buyer enforceable against such Buyer in accordance with their respective terms, except as such enforceability may be limited by general principles of equity or to applicable bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization, moratorium, liquidation or other similar laws relating to, or affecting generally, the enforcement of applicable creditors’ rights and remedies. (h) Residency. Such Buyer is a resident of that jurisdiction specified below its address on the Schedule of Buyers. (i) Brokers and Finders. No Person will have, as a result of the transactions contemplated by the Transaction Documents, as defined below, any valid right, interest or claim against or upon the Company for any commission, fee or other compensation pursuant to any agreement, arrangement or understanding with a placement agent entered into by or on behalf of such Buyer. (j) Confidentiality Prior To The Date Hereof. Other than to other Persons party to this Agreement, such Buyer has maintained the confidentiality of all disclosures made to it in connection with this transaction (including the existence and terms of this transaction). (k) Sold to Various Buyers. Such Buyer understands that the Notes (i) may be sold to various Buyers in one or more Closings, (ii) will generally be for a term of three years but may have varying maturity dates, (iii) may be purchased by officers and directors of the Company, (iv) regardless of issue or sale date, will be secured on a pari passu basis by the same Security Document, and the perfection of any related security interest is not required to occur until 30 days after the first Closing Date and (v) may be issued in a principal amount of up to $3,500,000. In addition, Buyer understands that a majority of the principal amount of the Notes may be purchased by the Chief Executive Officer of the Company (the “CEO”) and as a result the CEO may have the ability to direct the actions of the Collateral Agent, direct the approval of amendments to the Transaction Documents and control the demand rights under the Registration Rights Agreement. -3- (l) No Independent Counsel. Such Buyer understands that Pepper Hamilton LLP has represented the Company in the preparation of the Transaction Documents and there is no independent counsel that has represented the Buyers. 3. REPRESENTATIONS AND WARRANTIES OF THE COMPANY. The Company represents and warrants to each of the Buyers as of the date hereof that: (a) Organization and Qualification. The Company is duly organized and validly existing in good standing under the laws of the jurisdiction in which it is formed, and has the requisite power and authorization to own its properties and to carry on its business as now being conducted. (b) Authorization; Enforcement; Validity. The Company and its Subsidiaries each has the corporate power and authority to enter into and perform its obligations under this Agreement, the Notes, the Registration Rights Agreement, the Security Document, the Transfer Agent Instructions (substantially in the Form of Exhibit D) to which it is a party, and each of the other agreements entered into by the parties hereto in connection with the transactions contemplated by this Agreement (collectively, the “Transaction Documents”) and to issue the Securities in accordance with the terms hereof and thereof. The execution and delivery of the Transaction Documents by the Company and its Subsidiaries and the consummation by the Company and its Subsidiaries of the transactions contemplated hereby and thereby, including, without limitation, the issuance of the Notes, the reservation for issuance and the issuance of the Conversion Shares issuable upon conversion of the Notes, and the granting of a security interest in the Collateral (as defined in the Security Document), have been duly authorized by the Company’s and such Subsidiaries’ respective Board of Directors and no further consent, or authorization is required by the Company, such Subsidiaries, their respective Board of Directors or their respective stockholders. This Agreement and the other Transaction Documents have been duly executed and delivered by the Company and such Subsidiaries, and constitute the legal, valid and binding obligations of the Company and such Subsidiaries, enforceable against the Company and such Subsidiaries in accordance with their respective terms, except (i) the perfection of any security interest required by the Security Document need not occur until 45 days after the first Closing Date and (ii) as such enforceability may be limited by general principles of equity or applicable bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization, moratorium, liquidation or other similar laws relating to, or affecting generally, the enforcement of applicable creditors’ rights and remedies. (c) Issuance of Securities. The issuance of the Notes are duly authorized and are free from all taxes, liens and charges with respect to the issue thereof. As of the Closing, 660,000 shares of Common Stock shall have been duly authorized and reserved for issuance which equals 100% of the maximum number of shares Common Stock issuable upon conversion of the Notes. Upon conversion in accordance with the Notes, the Conversion Shares will be validly issued, fully paid and nonassessable and free from all preemptive or similar rights, taxes, liens and charges with respect to the issue thereof, with the holders being entitled to all rights accorded to a holder of Common Stock. Subject to the accuracy of the representations made by each Buyer in Section 2, the offer and issuance by the Company of the Securities is exempt from registration under the 1933 Act. (d) No Conflicts. The execution, delivery and performance of the Transaction Documents by the Company and its Subsidiaries and the consummation by the Company and its Subsidiaries of the transactions contemplated hereby and thereby (including, without limitation, the issuance of the Notes, the granting of a security interest in the Collateral and reservation for issuance and issuance of the Conversion Shares) will not (i) result in a violation of the Certificate of Incorporation of the Company, as amended from time to time and as in effect on the date hereof (the “Certificate of Incorporation”) or any certificate or articles of incorporation, certificate of formation, any certificate of designations or other charter document of any of its Subsidiaries, or the Bylaws of the Company, as amended from time to time and as in effect on the date hereof (the “Bylaws”), or any of its Subsidiaries or (ii) conflict with, or constitute a default (or an event which with notice or lapse of time or both would become a default) under, or give to others any rights of termination, amendment, acceleration or cancellation of, any agreement, indenture or instrument to which the Company or any of its Subsidiaries is a party, or (iii) result in a violation of any law, rule, regulation, order, judgment or decree (including federal and state securities laws and regulations and the rules and regulations of The NASDAQ Capital Market (the “Principal Market”)) applicable to the Company or any of its Subsidiaries or by which any property or asset of the Company or any of its Subsidiaries is bound or affected, except in the case of clauses (ii) and (iii) above, for such conflicts, defaults, rights or violations that would not, individually or in the aggregate, have a Material Adverse Effect. As used in this Agreement, “Material Adverse Effect” means any material adverse effect on the business, properties, assets, operations, results of operations, condition (financial or otherwise) or prospects of the Company and its Subsidiaries, taken as a whole, or on the transactions contemplated by this Agreement and the other Transaction Documents, or on the authority or ability of the Company to perform its obligations under the Transaction Documents. -4- (e) Consents. Except for the filing with the SEC of one or more Registration Statements in accordance with the requirements of the Registration Rights Agreement, the filing with the SEC of a Current Report on Form 8-K describing the terms of the transactions contemplated by the Transaction Documents, the filing of the Form D with the SEC and for such filings as shall be required under state securities or “blue sky” laws, and the filing of any notice with the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority, neither the Company nor any of its Subsidiaries is required to obtain any consent, authorization or order of, or make any filing or registration with, any court, governmental agency or any regulatory or self-regulatory agency or any other Person in order for it to execute, deliver or perform any of its obligations under or contemplated by the Transaction Documents, in each case in accordance with the terms hereof or thereof, which have not been or will not be obtained or effected on or prior to the Closing Date, and the Company and its Subsidiaries have no knowledge of any facts or circumstances which might prevent the Company from obtaining or effecting any of the registration, application or filings pursuant to the preceding sentence. 4. COVENANTS. (a) Reasonable Best Efforts. Each party shall use its reasonable best efforts timely to satisfy each of the covenants and conditions to be satisfied by it as provided in Sections 6 and 7 of this Agreement. (b) Disclosure of Transactions and Other Material Information. On or before 8:30 a.m., New York City time, by the fourth (4th) Business Day following the date of this Agreement, the Company shall file a Current Report on Form 8-K describing the terms of the transactions contemplated by the Transaction Documents in the form required by the 1934 Act and attaching the material Transaction Documents (including, without limitation, this Agreement (and all schedules to this Agreement), the form of the Notes, the Registration Rights Agreement and the Security Document) as exhibits to such filing (including all attachments, the “8-K Filing”). As used herein, “Business Day” means any day other than Saturday, Sunday or other day on which commercial banks in The City of New York are authorized or required by law to remain closed. (c) Reservation of Shares. So long as any Buyer owns any Securities, the Company shall take all action necessary to at all times have authorized, and reserved for the purpose of issuance, no less than 100% of the number of shares of Common Stock issuable upon conversion of the Notes then outstanding (without taking into account any limitations on the conversion of the Notes set forth in the Notes). (d) Collateral Agent. (i) Corporation Service Company (“CSC”) is hereby appointed Collateral Agent under the Security Document and each Buyer hereby authorizes CSC, in such capacity, to act as its agent in accordance with the terms of the Security Document and this Agreement. The provisions of this Section 4(d) are solely for the benefit of the Buyers and the Company and its Affiliates shall not have any rights as a third party beneficiary of any of the provisions thereof. In performing its functions and duties under the Security Document and this Agreement, the Collateral Agent shall act solely as an agent of Buyers and does not assume and shall not be deemed to have assumed any obligation towards or relationship of agency or trust with the Company or any of its Affiliates. The Collateral Agent shall be obligated, and shall have the powers and rights, to make demands, to give notices, to exercise or refrain from exercising any rights, and to take or refrain from taking any action (including, without limitation, the release or substitution of Collateral), solely in accordance with this Agreement and the Security Document. If any provision, duty, obligation or right under the Security Document is in conflict with any provision, duty, obligation or right under this Agreement then this Agreement shall control. The Collateral Agent shall not have any duties or responsibilities, except those expressly set forth herein and in the Security Document and such powers as are incidental thereto. -5- (ii) Each Buyer irrevocably authorizes the Collateral Agent to take such action on such Buyer’s behalf and to exercise such powers, rights and remedies hereunder as are specifically delegated or granted to the Collateral Agent by the terms of this Agreement and the Security Document, together with such powers, rights and remedies as are reasonably incidental thereto. The Collateral Agent shall have only those duties and responsibilities that are expressly specified herein and therein. The Collateral Agent may exercise such powers, rights and remedies and perform such duties by or through its agents or employees. Notwithstanding any other provisions hereof or of any provision of the Security Document, the Collateral Agent shall not have or be deemed to have any fiduciary relationship with the Buyers or any other person or entity, and no implied covenants, functions, responsibilities, duties, obligations or liabilities shall be read into this Agreement or the Security Document or otherwise exist against the Collateral Agent. Without limiting the generality of the foregoing sentence, the use of the term “agent” in this Agreement or the Security Document with reference to the Collateral Agent is not intended to connote any fiduciary or other implied (or express) obligations arising under agency doctrine of any applicable law. (iii) The Collateral Agent may act in reliance upon any writing or instrument or signature which it, in good faith, believes to be genuine, and may assume the validity and accuracy of any statement or assertion contained in such a writing or instrument and may assume that any person or entity purporting to give any writing, notice, advice or instruction in connection with the provisions hereof has been duly authorized to do so. The Collateral Agent may consult with counsel and shall be entitled to act, and shall be fully protected in any action taken in good faith, in accordance with advice given by counsel. The Collateral Agent shall not be liable to the Company or any of its Affiliates, or the Buyers for any recitals or warranties herein or in the Security Document, nor for the effectiveness, enforceability, validity or due execution of the Security Document or any other agreement, document or instrument, nor to make any inquiry respecting the performance by any party of their respective obligations thereunder. Any such inquiry which may be made by the Collateral Agent shall not obligate it to make any further inquiry or to take any action. (iv) The Collateral Agent shall not be required to take any action which, in the Collateral Agent’s sole and absolute judgment, could involve it in expense or liability unless furnished with security and indemnity which it deems, in its sole and absolute discretion, to be satisfactory. In the event the Collateral Agent receives conflicting instructions hereunder or under any of the Security Document, the Collateral Agent shall be fully protected in refraining from acting until such conflict is resolved to the satisfaction of the Collateral Agent. Neither the Collateral Agent nor any of its directors, officers, employees or agents shall be liable, except for the Collateral Agent’s bad faith, negligence or willful misconduct as finally determined by a court of competent jurisdiction for any action taken or omitted under or in connection with this Agreement, the Security Document or any other instrument or document in connection herewith or therewith. (v) The Collateral Agent may resign or be removed by the Buyers (by a vote of the holders of a majority of the outstanding principal of the Notes) as Collateral Agent hereunder at any time upon at least thirty (30) days’ prior notice. If the Collateral Agent at any time shall resign, the Buyers shall (by a vote of the holders of a majority of the outstanding principal of the Notes), within ten (10) days after such notice appoint a successor Collateral Agent which shall thereupon become the Collateral Agent hereunder and under the Security Document. If no successor Collateral Agent shall have been so appointed, and shall have accepted such appointment, within the above time frame the retiring Collateral Agent may appoint a successor. Upon the acceptance of any appointment as Collateral Agent hereunder by a successor Collateral Agent, such successor Collateral Agent shall be entitled to receive from the retiring Collateral Agent such documents of transfer and assignment as such successor Collateral Agent may reasonably request, and shall thereupon succeed to and become vested with all rights, powers, privileges and duties of the retiring Collateral Agent, and the retiring Collateral Agent shall be discharged from its duties and obligations under this Agreement. After the effective date of any retiring Collateral Agent’s resignation hereunder as collateral agent, the provisions of this section shall inure to its benefit as to any actions taken or omitted to be taken by it while it was Collateral Agent under this Agreement. (vi) The Collateral Agent shall not be deemed to have knowledge or notice of the occurrence of any default unless the Collateral Agent has received a copy of a notice thereof from a Buyer referring to this Agreement and describing such default. In the event that the Collateral Agent receives such a notice, the Collateral Agent shall promptly give notice thereof to the other Buyers and to the Company. The Collateral Agent shall be permitted to take such action with respect to any default as provided in this Agreement and the Security Document. -6- (vii) Each Buyer, by its acceptance of the benefits hereof and of the Security Document, agrees that it shall have no right individually to realize upon any of the Collateral, it being understood and agreed by each Buyer that all rights and remedies may be exercised solely by the Collateral Agent for the benefit of the Buyer in accordance with the provisions of this Agreement and the Security Document in the Collateral Agent’s sole and absolute discretion. (viii) Upon any payment or distribution of assets of the Company of any kind or character, whether in cash, property or securities, to its creditors upon any dissolution or winding-up or total or partial liquidation or reorganization of the Company, whether voluntary or involuntary or in bankruptcy, insolvency, receivership or other proceedings including, without limitation, all amounts received by the Collateral Agent on behalf of the Buyers, or received by the Buyers, shall be paid by the in accordance with its outstanding secured Obligations (as defined in the Security Document) to each of the Buyers in accordance with clause (xii) below. Any and all amounts referred to in this clause (viii)or any other amounts or proceeds of collateral received by any of the Buyers shall be held in trust for the benefit of all of the Buyers, shall be immediately delivered by the applicable Buyers to the Collateral Agent in the amount and form received, and shall be apportioned, paid over or delivered among the Buyers in accordance with clause (xi) of this Agreement. (ix) Except as provided by law, the security interests in the Collateral shall be for the ratable benefit of the Buyers, shall rank equally in priority, none being senior or subordinate to any other. No Buyer shall contest the validity, perfection, priority or enforceability of the lien of any other Buyer in the Collateral. Each Buyer, by its acceptance of the benefits hereof, agrees that it shall have no right individually to realize upon any of the Collateral under this Agreement, the Security Document, pursuant to applicable law, or otherwise, it being understood and agreed by each Buyer that all rights and remedies under this Agreement, the Security Document, pursuant to applicable law, or otherwise, may be exercised solely by the Collateral Agent for the benefit of Buyers in accordance with the provisions of this Agreement and the Security Document. (x) Upon any payment or distribution of assets of the Company of any kind or character, whether in cash, property or securities, to creditors upon any dissolution or winding-up or total or partial liquidation or reorganization of the Company, whether voluntary or involuntary or in bankruptcy, insolvency, receivership or other proceedings (each such payment, distribution and/or amount is hereafter referred to as a “Collateral Proceeds Amount”), shall be disbursed in accordance with clause (xi) below. (xi) Any and all Collateral Proceeds Amount and any other amounts or proceeds of Collateral received by any of the Buyers shall be held in trust for the benefit of all of the Buyers, shall be immediately delivered by the applicable Buyer to the Collateral Agent in the amount and form received, and, subject to the rights to any of the Collateral Proceeds Amount or such other amounts or proceeds of Collateral of the holders of the other security interests in the Collateral referred to in clause (x) above, shall be apportioned, paid over or delivered as follows: first, to the Collateral Agent for the payment or reimbursement of any expenses and fees of, or any other amount payable to, the Collateral Agent hereunder or under the Security Document, and next, among the Buyers on a pro rata basis to each in accordance with the Company’s outstanding obligations to each of the Buyers which are secured pursuant to this Agreement. 5. REGISTER; TRANSFER AGENT INSTRUCTIONS. (a) Register. The Company shall maintain at its principal executive offices (or such other office or agency of the Company as it may designate by notice to each holder of Securities), a register for the Notes in which the Company shall record the name and address of the Person in whose name the Notes have been issued (including the name and address of each transferee), the aggregate number of Notes held by such Person, and any tax related information required to be maintained. The Company shall keep the register open and available at all times during business hours for inspection of any Buyer or its legal representatives. (b) Transfer Agent Instructions. If a Buyer effects a sale, assignment or transfer of the Conversion Shares, the Company shall permit the transfer, in compliance with applicable securities laws, and shall promptly instruct its transfer agent to issue one or more certificates or credit shares to the applicable balance accounts at DTC in such name and in such denominations as specified by such Buyer to effect such sale, transfer or assignment. In the event that such sale, assignment or transfer involves Conversion Shares sold, assigned or transferred pursuant to an effective registration statement or in compliance with Rule 144, the transfer agent shall issue such shares to such Buyer, assignee or transferee (as the case may be) without any restrictive legend in accordance with Section 2(f). Any fees (with respect to the transfer agent, counsel to the Company or otherwise) associated with the issuance of such opinion or the removal of any legends on any of the Securities as referred to in Section 2(f) shall be borne by the Company. -7- 6. CONDITIONS TO THE COMPANY’S OBLIGATION TO SELL. The obligation of the Company hereunder to issue and sell the Notes to each Buyer at the Closing is subject to the satisfaction, at or before the Closing Date, of each of the following conditions, provided that these conditions are for the Company’s sole benefit and may be waived by the Company at any time in its sole discretion by providing each Buyer with prior written notice thereof: (i) Such Buyer and each other Buyer shall have executed each of the Transaction Documents to which it is a party and delivered the same to the Company. (ii) Such Buyer and each other Buyer shall have delivered to the Company the Purchase Price for the Notes being purchased by such Buyer and each other Buyer at the Closing by check or wire transfer of immediately available funds. (iii) The representations and warranties of such Buyer and each other Buyer shall be true and correct in all material respects as of the date hereof and as of the Closing Date as though made at that time (except for representations and warranties that speak as of a specific date), and such Buyer and each other Buyer shall have performed, satisfied and complied in all material respects with the covenants, agreements and conditions required by this Agreement to be performed, satisfied or complied with by such Buyer and each other Buyer at or prior to the Closing Date. 7. CONDITIONS TO EACH BUYER’S OBLIGATION TO PURCHASE. The obligation of each Buyer hereunder to purchase the Notes at the Closing is subject to the satisfaction, at or before the Closing Date, of each of the following conditions, provided that these conditions are for each Buyer’s sole benefit and may be waived by such Buyer at any time in its sole discretion by providing the Company with prior written notice thereof: (i) The Company shall have executed and delivered to such Buyer (A) each of the Transaction Documents and (B) the Notes (in such principal amounts as such Buyer shall request) being purchased by such Buyer at the Closing pursuant to this Agreement. (ii) The Company shall have delivered to such Buyer a copy of the Transfer Agent Instructions, substantially in the form attached hereto as Exhibit D, which instructions shall have been delivered to and acknowledged in writing by the Company’s transfer agent. (iii) The representations and warranties of the Company shall be true and correct in all material respects (except for those representations and warranties that are qualified by materiality or Material Adverse Effect, which shall be true and correct in all respects) as of the date when made and as of the Closing Date as though made at that time (except for representations and warranties that speak as of a specific date) and the Company shall have performed, satisfied and complied in all material respects with the covenants, agreements and conditions required by the Transaction Documents to be performed, satisfied or complied with by the Company at or prior to the Closing Date. (iv) The Common Stock (I) shall be designated for quotation or listed on the Principal Market and (II) shall not have been suspended, as of the Closing Date, by the SEC or the Principal Market from trading on the Principal Market nor shall suspension by the SEC or the Principal Market have been threatened, as of the Closing Date. (v) The Company shall have obtained all governmental, regulatory or third party consents and approvals, if any, necessary for the sale of the Securities. -8- 8. TERMINATION. In the event that the Closing shall not have occurred with respect to a Buyer on or before ten (10) Business Days from the date hereof due to the Company’s or such Buyer’s failure to satisfy the conditions set forth in Sections 6 and 7 above (and the nonbreaching party’s failure to waive such unsatisfied condition(s)), the nonbreaching party shall have the option to terminate this Agreement at the close of business on such date without liability of any party to any other party. 9. MISCELLANEOUS. (a) Governing Law; Jurisdiction; Jury Trial. All questions concerning the construction, validity, enforcement and interpretation of this Agreement shall be governed by the internal laws of the State of New York, without giving effect to any choice of law or conflict of law provision or rule (whether of the State of New York or any other jurisdictions) that would cause the application of the laws of any jurisdictions other than the State of New York. Each party hereby irrevocably submits to the exclusive jurisdiction of the state and federal courts sitting in The City of New York, Borough of Manhattan, for the adjudication of any dispute hereunder or in connection herewith or with any transaction contemplated hereby or discussed herein, and hereby irrevocably waives, and agrees not to assert in any suit, action or proceeding, any claim that it is not personally subject to the jurisdiction of any such court, that such suit, action or proceeding is brought in an inconvenient forum or that the venue of such suit, action or proceeding is improper. Each party hereby irrevocably waives personal service of process and consents to process being served in any such suit, action or proceeding by mailing a copy thereof to such party at the address for such notices to it under this Agreement and agrees that such service shall constitute good and sufficient service of process and notice thereof. Nothing contained herein shall be deemed to limit in any way any right to serve process in any manner permitted by law. EACH PARTY HEREBY IRREVOCABLY WAIVES ANY RIGHT IT MAY HAVE, AND AGREES NOT TO REQUEST, A JURY TRIAL FOR THE ADJUDICATION OF ANY DISPUTE HEREUNDER OR IN CONNECTION WITH OR ARISING OUT OF THIS AGREEMENT OR ANY TRANSACTION CONTEMPLATED HEREBY. (b) Counterparts. This Agreement may be executed in two or more identical counterparts, all of which shall be considered one and the same agreement and shall become effective when counterparts have been signed by each party and delivered to the other party; provided that a facsimile signature shall be considered due execution and shall be binding upon the signatory thereto with the same force and effect as if the signature were an original, not a facsimile signature. (c) Headings. The headings of this Agreement are for convenience of reference and shall not form part of, or affect the interpretation of, this Agreement. (d) Severability. If any provision of this Agreement shall be invalid or unenforceable in any jurisdiction, such invalidity or unenforceability shall not affect the validity or enforceability of the remainder of this Agreement in that jurisdiction or the validity or enforceability of any provision of this Agreement in any other jurisdiction. (e) Entire Agreement; Amendments. This Agreement and the other Transaction Documents supersede all other prior oral or written agreements between the Buyers, the Company, their affiliates and Persons acting on their behalf with respect to the matters discussed herein, and this Agreement, the other Transaction Documents and the instruments referenced herein and therein contain the entire understanding of the parties with respect to the matters covered herein and therein and, except as specifically set forth herein or therein, neither the Company nor any Buyer makes any representation, warranty, covenant or undertaking with respect to such matters. No provision of this Agreement may be amended other than by an instrument in writing signed by the Company and the Required Holders (as defined in the Note), and any amendment to this Agreement made in conformity with the provisions of this Section 9(e) shall be binding on all Buyers and holders of Securities, as applicable. No provision hereof may be waived other than by an instrument in writing signed by the party against whom enforcement is sought. No such amendment shall be effective to the extent that it applies to less than all of the holders of the applicable Securities then outstanding. No consideration shall be offered or paid to any Person to amend or consent to a waiver or modification of any provision of any of the Transaction Documents unless the same consideration also is offered to all of the parties to the Transaction Documents or holders of Notes. The Company has not, directly or indirectly, made any agreements with any Buyers relating to the terms or conditions of the transactions contemplated by the Transaction Documents except as set forth in the Transaction Documents. Without limiting the foregoing, the Company confirms that, except as set forth in this Agreement, no Buyer has made any commitment or promise or has any other obligation to provide any financing to the Company or otherwise. -9- (f) Notices. Any notices, consents, waivers or other communications required or permitted to be given under the terms of this Agreement must be in writing and will be deemed to have been delivered: (i) upon receipt, when delivered personally; (ii) upon receipt, when sent by facsimile (provided confirmation of transmission is mechanically or electronically generated and kept on file by the sending party); or (iii) one Business Day after deposit with an overnight courier service, in each case properly addressed to the party to receive the same. The addresses and facsimile numbers for such communications shall be: If to the Company: Applied DNA Sciences, Inc. 50 Health Sciences Drive Stony Brook, New York 11790 Telephone: Attention: (631) 240-8800 Chief Financial Officer With copies to: Pepper Hamilton LLP 620 Eighth Street, Floor 37 New York, NY 10018 Telephone: Attention: 212-808-2724 Merrill Kraines, Esq. If to the Transfer Agent: American Stock Transfer and Trust Company 6201 15th Ave. Brooklyn, New York 11219 Telephone: (718) 921-8210 Facsimile: (718) 921-8355 Attention: Vito Cirone If to the Collateral Agent: CSC 251 Little Falls Drive Wilmington, DE 19808 Telephone: (866) 403-5272 Facsimile: (302) 636-5454 Attention: [●] If to a Buyer, to its address and facsimile number set forth on the Schedule of Buyers, with copies to such Buyer’s representatives as set forth on the Schedule of Buyers, or to such other address and/or facsimile number and/or to the attention of such other Person as the recipient party has specified by written notice given to each other party five (5) days prior to the effectiveness of such change. Written confirmation of receipt (A) given by the recipient of such notice, consent, waiver or other communication, (B) mechanically or electronically generated by the sender’s facsimile machine containing the time, date, recipient facsimile number and an image of the first page of such transmission or (C) provided by an overnight courier service shall be rebuttable evidence of personal service, receipt by facsimile or receipt from an overnight courier service in accordance with clause (i), (ii) or (iii) above, respectively. -10- (g) Successors and Assigns. This Agreement shall be binding upon and inure to the benefit of the parties and their respective successors and assigns, including any purchasers of the Notes. The Company shall not assign this Agreement or any rights or obligations hereunder without the prior written consent of the Required Holders, including by way of a Fundamental Transaction (unless the Company is in compliance with the applicable provisions governing Fundamental Transactions set forth in the Notes). A Buyer may assign some or all of its rights hereunder without the consent of, but upon prompt written notice to, the Company, in which event such assignee shall be deemed to be a Buyer hereunder with respect to such assigned rights. (h) No Third Party Beneficiaries. This Agreement is intended for the benefit of the parties hereto and their respective permitted successors and assigns, and is not for the benefit of, nor may any provision hereof be enforced by, any other Person. (i) Reliance by the Collateral Agent. The parties agree and acknowledge that the Collateral Agent may rely on the representations, warranties, agreements and covenants of the Company contained in this Agreement and may rely on the representations and warranties to the respective Buyer set forth in this Agreement as if such representations, warranties, agreements and covenants, as applicable, were made directly to the Collateral Agent. In addition, no representation, warranty or covenant, express or implied, is or will be made by the Collateral Agent with respect to the Company or the transactions contemplated by this Agreement; and no responsibility of any kind exists with the Collateral Agent with respect to the completeness or accuracy of, or any other matter concerning, any other information made or provided by the Company or its representatives to the Buyer (as to diligence matters or otherwise) or with respect to any statements made regarding any such information by the Company, its representatives or the Collateral Agent to the Buyers. (j) Survival. Unless this Agreement is terminated under Section 8, the representations and warranties of the Company and the Buyers contained in Sections 2 and 3 and the agreements and covenants set forth in Sections 4, 5 and 9 shall survive the Closing for a period of one (1) year from the date hereof. Each Buyer shall be responsible only for its own representations, warranties, agreements and covenants hereunder. (k) Further Assurances. Each party shall do and perform, or cause to be done and performed, all such further acts and things, and shall execute and deliver all such other agreements, certificates, instruments and documents, as any other party may reasonably request in order to carry out the intent and accomplish the purposes of this Agreement and the consummation of the transactions contemplated hereby. (l) No Strict Construction. The language used in this Agreement will be deemed to be the language chosen by the parties to express their mutual intent, and no rules of strict construction will be applied against any party. (m) Remedies. Each Buyer and each holder of the Securities shall have all rights and remedies set forth in the Transaction Documents and all rights and remedies which such holders have been granted at any time under any other agreement or contract and all of the rights which such holders have under any law. Any Person having any rights under any provision of this Agreement shall be entitled to enforce such rights specifically (without posting a bond or other security), to recover damages by reason of any breach of any provision of this Agreement and to exercise all other rights granted by law. Furthermore, the Company recognizes that in the event that it fails to perform, observe, or discharge any or all of its obligations under the Transaction Documents, any remedy at law may prove to be inadequate relief to the Buyers. The Company therefore agrees that the Buyers shall be entitled to seek temporary and permanent injunctive relief in any such case without the necessity of proving actual damages and without posting a bond or other security. (n) Rescission and Withdrawal Right. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained in (and without limiting any similar provisions of) the Transaction Documents, whenever any Buyer exercises a right, election, demand or option under a Transaction Document and the Company does not timely perform its related obligations within the periods therein provided, then such Buyer may rescind or withdraw, in its sole discretion from time to time upon written notice to the Company, any relevant notice, demand or election in whole or in part without prejudice to its future actions and rights. (o) Payment Set Aside. To the extent that the Company makes a payment or payments to the Buyers hereunder or pursuant to any of the other Transaction Documents or the Buyers enforce or exercise their rights hereunder or thereunder, and such payment or payments or the proceeds of such enforcement or exercise or any part thereof are subsequently invalidated, declared to be fraudulent or preferential, set aside, recovered from, disgorged by or are required to be refunded, repaid or otherwise restored to the Company, a trustee, receiver or any other Person under any law (including, without limitation, any bankruptcy law, foreign, state or federal law, common law or equitable cause of action), then to the extent of any such restoration the obligation or part thereof originally intended to be satisfied shall be revived and continued in full force and effect as if such payment had not been made or such enforcement or setoff had not occurred. (p) Independent Nature of Buyers’ Obligations and Rights. The obligations of each Buyer under any Transaction Document are several and not joint with the obligations of any other Buyer, and no Buyer shall be responsible in any way for the performance of the obligations of any other Buyer under any Transaction Document. Nothing contained herein or in any other Transaction Document, and no action taken by any Buyer pursuant hereto or thereto, shall be deemed to constitute the Buyers as a partnership, an association, a joint venture or any other kind of entity, or create a presumption that the Buyers are in any way acting in concert or as a group with respect to such obligations or the transactions contemplated by the Transaction Documents and the Company acknowledges that the Buyers are not acting in concert or as a group with respect to such obligations or the transactions contemplated by the Transaction Documents. Each Buyer confirms that it has independently participated in the negotiation of the transaction contemplated. Each Buyer shall be entitled to independently protect and enforce its rights, including, without limitation, the rights arising out of this Agreement or out of any other Transaction Documents, and it shall not be necessary for any other Buyer to be joined as an additional party in any proceeding for such purpose. [Signature Page Follows] -11- IN WITNESS WHEREOF, each Buyer and the Company have caused their respective signature page to this Securities Purchase Agreement to be duly executed as of the date first written above. COMPANY: APPLIED DNA SCIENCES, INC. By: /s/ Beth Jantzen Name: Beth Jantzen Title: Chief Financial Officer [Signature Page to Securities Purchase Agreement] IN WITNESS WHEREOF, each Buyer and the Company have caused their respective signature page to this Securities Purchase Agreement to be duly executed as of the date first written above. Each Buyer hereby attests to receipt and review of the following documents: 1) Purchase Agreement (including all exhibits and schedules) Attestation of Receipt of Documents 2) Registration Rights Agreement 3) Security Agreement 4) Form of Note BUYERS: By: /s/ James A. Hayward Name: James A. Hayward Title: [Signature Page to Securities Purchase Agreement] IN WITNESS WHEREOF, each Buyer and the Company have caused their respective signature page to this Securities Purchase Agreement to be duly executed as of the date first written above. Each Buyer hereby attests to receipt and review of the following documents: 1) Purchase Agreement (including all exhibits and schedules) Attestation of Receipt of Documents 2) Registration Rights Agreement 3) Security Agreement 4) Form of Note BUYERS: By: /s/ Judith Murrah Name: Judith Murrah Title: Chief Information Officer Applied DNA Sciences, Inc. [Signature Page to Securities Purchase Agreement] IN WITNESS WHEREOF, each Buyer and the Company have caused their respective signature page to this Securities Purchase Agreement to be duly executed as of the date first written above. Each Buyer hereby attests to receipt and review of the following documents: 1) Purchase Agreement (including all exhibits and schedules) Attestation of Receipt of Documents 2) Registration Rights Agreement 3) Security Agreement 4) Form of Note BUYERS: Delabarta II By: /s/ John F. Bitzer III Name: John F. Bitzer III Title: President [Signature Page to Securities Purchase Agreement] IN WITNESS WHEREOF, each Buyer and the Company have caused their respective signature page to this Securities Purchase Agreement to be duly executed as of the date first written above. Each Buyer hereby attests to receipt and review of the following documents: 1) Purchase Agreement (including all exhibits and schedules) Attestation of Receipt of Documents 2) Registration Rights Agreement 3) Security Agreement 4) Form of Note BUYERS: By: /s/ Yacov Shamash Name: Yacov Shamash Title: [Signature Page to Securities Purchase Agreement] IN WITNESS WHEREOF, each Buyer and the Company have caused their respective signature page to this Securities Purchase Agreement to be duly executed as of the date first written above. Each Buyer hereby attests to receipt and review of the following documents: 1) Purchase Agreement (including all exhibits and schedules) Attestation of Receipt of Documents 2) Registration Rights Agreement 3) Security Agreement 4) Form of Note BUYERS: By: /s/ Robert Catell Name: Title: [Signature Page to Securities Purchase Agreement] IN WITNESS WHEREOF, each Buyer and the Company have caused their respective signature page to this Securities Purchase Agreement to be duly executed as of the date first written above. Each Buyer hereby attests to receipt and review of the following documents: 1) Purchase Agreement (including all exhibits and schedules) Attestation of Receipt of Documents 2) Registration Rights Agreement 3) Security Agreement 4) Form of Note BUYERS: By: /s/ Elizabeth Schmalz Ferguson Name: Title: [Signature Page to Securities Purchase Agreement] IN WITNESS WHEREOF, each Buyer and the Company have caused their respective signature page to this Securities Purchase Agreement to be duly executed as of the date first written above. Each Buyer hereby attests to receipt and review of the following documents: 1) Purchase Agreement (including all exhibits and schedules) Attestation of Receipt of Documents 2) Registration Rights Agreement 3) Security Agreement 4) Form of Note BUYERS: The Rodgers Living Trust Dated April 7, 1995 By: /s/ Jay D. Rodgers Name: Jay D. Rodgers Title: Trustee [Signature Page to Securities Purchase Agreement] IN WITNESS WHEREOF, each Buyer and the Company have caused their respective signature page to this Securities Purchase Agreement to be duly executed as of the date first written above. Each Buyer hereby attests to receipt and review of the following documents: 1) Purchase Agreement (including all exhibits and schedules) Attestation of Receipt of Documents 2) Registration Rights Agreement 3) Security Agreement 4) Form of Note BUYERS: By: /s/ Gregg Baldwin Name: W. Gregg Baldwin Title: [Signature Page to Securities Purchase Agreement] IN WITNESS WHEREOF, each Buyer and the Company have caused their respective signature page to this Securities Purchase Agreement to be duly executed as of the date first written above. Each Buyer hereby attests to receipt and review of the following documents: 1) Purchase Agreement (including all exhibits and schedules) Attestation of Receipt of Documents 2) Registration Rights Agreement 3) Security Agreement 4) Form of Note BUYERS: By: /s/ William W. Montgomery 8/30/2018 Name: William W. Montgomery Title: (private investor) Mr. William W. Montgomery 34211 Seavey Loop Rd. Eugene, OR 97405 [Signature Page to Securities Purchase Agreement] IN WITNESS WHEREOF, each Buyer and the Company have caused their respective signature page to this Securities Purchase Agreement to be duly executed as of the date first written above. Each Buyer hereby attests to receipt and review of the following documents: 1) Purchase Agreement (including all exhibits and schedules) Attestation of Receipt of Documents 2) Registration Rights Agreement 3) Security Agreement 4) Form of Note BUYERS: By: /s/ Johnette van Eeden Name: Johnette van Eeden Title: [Signature Page to Securities Purchase Agreement] IN WITNESS WHEREOF, each Buyer and the Company have caused their respective signature page to this Securities Purchase Agreement to be duly executed as of the date first written above. Each Buyer hereby attests to receipt and review of the following documents: 1) Purchase Agreement (including all exhibits and schedules) Attestation of Receipt of Documents 2) Registration Rights Agreement 3) Security Agreement 4) Form of Note BUYERS: By: /s/ John Cartier Name: John Cartier Title: [Signature Page to Securities Purchase Agreement] (1) Buyer James A. Hayward Judith Murrah Delabarta II Yavoc Shamash Robert Catell Elizabeth Schmalz Ferguson The Rodgers Living Trust Dated April 7, 1995 Gregg Baldwin William Montgomery Johnette van Eeden John Cartier SCHEDULE OF BUYERS (2) Address and Facsimile Number (3) Aggregate Principal Amount of Notes (4) (5) Purchase Price Legal Representative’s Address and Facsimile Number 1 Emmet Dr Stony Brook, NY 11790 8 Old Post La Saint James, NY 11780 c/o Delaware Corporate Management 1105 North Market Street Suite 1300 Wilmington, DE 19801 7 Quaker Hill Rd Stony Brook, NY 11790 62 Osborne Rd Garden City, NY 11530 101 Jersey Ave Spring Lake, NJ 07762 1277 Porter Rd Flower Mound, TX 75022 3391 Ichabod Way The Villages, FL 32163 34211 Seavey Loop Rd Eugene, OR 97405 451 Westpark Way, Ste 5 Euless, TX 76040 PO Box ____ East Hampton, NY 11937 $ 1,000,000 $ 25,000 $ 100,000 $ 25,000 $ 25,000 $ 10,000 $ 100,000 $ 50,000 $ 200,000 $ 100,000 $ 15,000 $ 2.50 2.50 2.50 2.50 2.50 2.50 2.50 2.50 2.50 2.50 2.50 Exhibit A Exhibit B Exhibit C Exhibit D Form of Notes Registration Rights Agreement Form of Security Agreement of the Company Transfer Agent Instructions EXHIBITS Exhibit A Form of Notes [FORM OF SECURED CONVERTIBLE NOTE] NEITHER THE ISSUANCE AND SALE OF THE SECURITIES REPRESENTED BY THIS CERTIFICATE NOR THE SECURITIES INTO WHICH THESE SECURITIES ARE CONVERTIBLE HAVE BEEN REGISTERED UNDER THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933, AS AMENDED, OR APPLICABLE STATE SECURITIES LAWS. THE SECURITIES MAY NOT BE OFFERED FOR SALE, SOLD, TRANSFERRED OR ASSIGNED (I) IN THE ABSENCE OF (A) AN EFFECTIVE REGISTRATION STATEMENT FOR THE SECURITIES UNDER THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933, AS AMENDED, OR (B) AN OPINION OF COUNSEL, IN A GENERALLY ACCEPTABLE FORM, THAT REGISTRATION IS NOT REQUIRED UNDER SAID ACT OR (II) UNLESS SOLD PURSUANT TO RULE 144 OR RULE 144A UNDER SAID ACT. ANY TRANSFEREE OF THIS NOTE SHOULD CAREFULLY REVIEW THE TERMS OF THIS NOTE, INCLUDING SECTIONS 3(c)(ii) AND 17(a) HEREOF. THE PRINCIPAL AMOUNT REPRESENTED BY THIS NOTE AND, ACCORDINGLY, THE SECURITIES ISSUABLE UPON CONVERSION HEREOF MAY BE LESS THAN THE AMOUNTS SET FORTH ON THE FACE HEREOF PURSUANT TO SECTION 3(c)(ii) OF THIS NOTE. Applied DNA Sciences, Inc. Secured Convertible Note Issuance Date: August 31, 2018 Original Principal Amount: U.S. $___________ Interest Rate per Annum: 6.00% FOR VALUE RECEIVED, Applied DNA Sciences, Inc., a Delaware corporation (the “Company”), hereby promises to pay to [___________________] or registered assigns (“Holder”) the amount set out above as the Original Principal Amount (as reduced pursuant to the terms hereof pursuant to redemption, conversion or otherwise, the “Principal”) when due, whether upon the Maturity Date (as defined below), acceleration, redemption or otherwise (in each case in accordance with the terms hereof) and to pay interest (“Interest”) on any outstanding Principal at the applicable Interest Rate from the date set out above as the Issuance Date (the “Issuance Date”) until the same becomes due and payable, whether upon an Interest Date (as defined below), the Maturity Date, acceleration, redemption, conversion or otherwise (in each case in accordance with the terms hereof). This Secured Convertible Note (including all Secured Convertible Notes issued in exchange, transfer or replacement hereof, this “Note”) is one of an issue of Secured Convertible Notes issued pursuant to the Securities Purchase Agreement on multiple Closing Dates (collectively, the “ Notes” and such other Secured Convertible Notes, the “Other Notes”). Certain capitalized terms used herein are defined in Section 26. 1 . PAYMENTS OF PRINCIPAL . Subject to the conversion of the Principal and accrued and unpaid Interest (as defined below) into Conversion Shares pursuant to Section 8 hereof, on the Maturity Date, the Company shall pay to the Holder an amount in cash representing all outstanding Principal, accrued and unpaid Interest. The “Maturity Date” shall be August 30, 2021. At any time the Company may prepay any portion or all of the outstanding Principal amount of this Note and any accrued and unpaid Interest. 2. INTEREST; INTEREST RATE. (a) Interest on this Note shall commence accruing on the Issuance Date and shall be computed on the basis of a 360-day year comprised of twelve thirty day months and shall be payable in arrears semi-annually on February 28th and August 31st during the period beginning on the Issuance Date and ending on, and including, the Maturity Date or the Conversion Date, as the case may be (the “Interest Date”). Subject to the conversion of the accrued and unpaid Interest into Conversion Shares pursuant to Section 8 hereof, Interest shall be payable on the Interest Date to the record holder of this Note on the Interest Date, in cash. (b) From and after the occurrence and during the continuance of an Event of Default, the Interest Rate shall be increased to 10% per annum, or the maximum rate permissible by law, whichever is less. In the event that such Event of Default is subsequently cured, the adjustment referred to in the preceding sentence shall cease to be effective as of the date of such cure; provided that the Interest as calculated and unpaid at such increased rate during the continuance of such Event of Default shall continue to apply to the extent relating to the days after the occurrence of such Event of Default through and including the date of cure of such Event of Default. Exhibit A-1 (c) Notwithstanding any provision in this Note to the contrary, through the Maturity Date, at the option of the Company in lieu of paying in cash the interest accrued to any Interest Date, any accrued but unpaid interest shall be capitalized and added as of such Interest Date to the principal amount of this Note (the “PIK Amount”). Such PIK Amount shall bear interest from the applicable Interest Date at the same rate per annum and be payable in the same manner as in the case of the original principal amount of this Note and shall otherwise be treated as principal of this Note for all purposes. From and after each Interest Date, the principal amount of this Note shall, including with respect to Conversion Amount, without further action on the part of the Company or the Holder, be deemed to be increased by the PIK Amount so capitalized and added to principal in accordance with the provisions hereof. 3. CONVERSION OF NOTES. This Note shall be convertible into Conversion Shares, on the terms and conditions set forth in this Section 3. (a) Conversion Right. At any time or times on or after the Issuance Date, the Holder shall be entitled to convert any portion of the outstanding and unpaid Conversion Amount (as defined below) into fully paid and nonassessable Conversion Shares in accordance with Section 3(c), at the Conversion Rate (as defined below). The Company shall not issue any fraction of a Conversion Share upon any conversion. If the issuance would result in the issuance of a fraction of a Conversion Share, the Company shall round such fraction of a Conversion Share up to the nearest whole share. The Company shall pay any and all transfer, stamp and similar taxes that may be payable with respect to the issuance and delivery of Conversion Shares upon conversion of any Conversion Amount; provided that the Company shall not be required to pay any tax that may be payable in respect of the issuance and delivery of Conversion Shares to any Person other than the Holder or with respect to any income tax due by the Holder with respect to such Conversion Shares. determined by dividing (x) such Conversion Amount by (y) the Conversion Price (the “Conversion Rate”). ( b ) Conversion Rate. The number of Conversion Shares issuable upon conversion of any Conversion Amount pursuant to Section 3(a) shall be determination is being made, plus all accrued and unpaid Interest on any Conversion Amount up to and including the Conversion Date (as defined below). (i) “Conversion Amount” means the portion of the Principal to be converted, redeemed or otherwise with respect to which this (ii) “Conversion Price” means USD $2.50. (c) Mechanics of Conversion. (i) Optional Conversion. To convert any Conversion Amount into Conversion Shares on any date (a “Conversion Date”), the Holder shall (A) transmit by facsimile or email (by attachment in PDF format) (or otherwise deliver), for receipt on or prior to 11:59 p.m., New York Time, on such date, a copy of an executed notice of conversion in the form attached hereto as Exhibit I (the “Conversion Notice”) to the Company and (B) if required by Section 3(c)(ii), surrender this Note to a common carrier for delivery to the Company as soon as practicable on or following such date (or an indemnification undertaking with respect to this Note in the case of its loss, theft or destruction). On or before the first Business Day following the date of receipt of a Conversion Notice, the Company shall transmit by facsimile or email (by attachment in PDF format) a confirmation (the “Conversion Confirmation”) of receipt of such Conversion Notice to the Holder and the Company’s Transfer Agent. Any Conversion Confirmation delivered by the Company shall confirm the Conversion Amount. On or before the fifth Business Day following the date of receipt of a Conversion Notice, the Company shall, provided that the Transfer Agent is participating in the DTC Fast Automated Securities Transfer Program, credit such aggregate number of Conversion Shares to which the Holder shall be entitled to the Holder’s or its designee’s balance account with DTC through its Deposit/Withdrawal as Custodian system. If the Transfer Agent is not participating in the DTC Fast Automated Securities Transfer Program or if a Holder otherwise requests, the Company shall issue and deliver (via reputable overnight courier) to the address as specified in the Conversion Notice, a certificate, registered in the name of the Holder or its designee, for the number of Conversion Shares to which the Holder shall be entitled. If this Note is physically surrendered for conversion as required by Section 3(c)(ii) and the outstanding Principal of this Note is greater than the Principal portion of the Conversion Amount being converted, then the Company shall as soon as practicable and in no event later than five Business Days after receipt of this Note and at its own expense, issue and deliver to the holder a new Note (in accordance with Section 17(d)) representing the outstanding Principal not converted. The Person or Persons entitled to receive the Conversion Shares issuable upon a conversion of this Note shall be treated for all purposes as the record holder or holders of such Conversion Shares on the Conversion Date. Exhibit A-2 (ii) Registration; Book-Entry. The Company shall maintain a register (the “Register”) for the recordation of the names and addresses of the holders of each Note and the principal amount of the Notes held by such holders (the “Registered Notes”). The entries in the Register shall be conclusive and binding for all purposes absent manifest error. The Company and the holders of the Notes shall treat each Person whose name is recorded in the Register as the owner of a Note for all purposes, including, without limitation, the right to receive payments of principal and interest hereunder, notwithstanding notice to the contrary. A Registered Note may be assigned or sold in whole or in part only by registration of such assignment or sale on the Register. Upon its receipt of a request to assign or sell all or part of any Registered Note by a Holder, the Company shall record the information contained therein in the Register and issue one or more new Registered Notes in the same aggregate principal amount as the principal amount of the surrendered Registered Note to the designated assignee or transferee pursuant to Section 17. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary set forth herein, upon conversion of any portion of this Note in accordance with the terms hereof, the Holder shall not be required to physically surrender this Note to the Company unless (A) the full Principal amount represented by this Note is being converted or (B) the Holder has provided the Company with prior written notice (which notice may be included in a Conversion Notice) requesting reissuance of this Note upon physical surrender of this Note. The Holder and the Company shall maintain records showing the Principal and Interest converted and the dates of such conversions or shall use such other method, reasonably satisfactory to the Holder and the Company, so as not to require physical surrender of this Note upon conversion. 4. RIGHTS UPON EVENT OF DEFAULT. (a) Event of Default. Each of the following events shall constitute an “Event of Default:” Days or for more than an aggregate of ten Trading Days in any 365-day period; (i) the suspension from trading or failure of the Common Stock to be listed on an Eligible Market for a period of five consecutive Trading (ii) the delisting of the Company’s Common Stock from the Principal Market; (iii) the Company’s failure to pay to the Holder any amount of Principal, Interest, or other amounts when and as due under this Note or any other Transaction Document (as defined in the Securities Purchase Agreement) or any other agreement, document, certificate or other instrument delivered in connection with the transactions contemplated hereby and thereby to which the Holder is a party, except, in the case of a failure to pay Interest and other amounts when and as due, in which case only if such failure continues for a period of at least three Business Days; (iv) the Company or any of its Subsidiaries, pursuant to or within the meaning of Title 11, U.S. Code, or any similar Federal, foreign or state law for the relief of debtors (collectively, “Bankruptcy Law”), (A) commences a voluntary case, (B) consents to the entry of an order for relief against it in an involuntary case, (C) consents to the appointment of a receiver, trustee, assignee, liquidator or similar official (a “Custodian”), (D) makes a general assignment for the benefit of its creditors or (E) admits in writing that it is generally unable to pay its debts as they become due; (v) any proceeding is instituted against the Company or any of its Subsidiaries in an involuntary case, or a court of competent jurisdiction enters an order or decree under any Bankruptcy Law that (A) appoints a Custodian of the Company or any of its Subsidiaries for all or substantially all of its property or (B) orders the liquidation of the Company or any of its Subsidiaries and, in each case, such order or decree is not dismissed or stayed within thirty days of such entry; its part to be performed or observed and such failure shall remain unremedied for a period of ten Business Days; (vi) the Company shall fail to perform or observe any covenant, agreement or other obligation contained in any Transaction Document on (vii) the Security Agreement shall, for any reason, after the perfection date specified in the Securities Purchase Agreement, cease to create a valid, enforceable and perfected first priority security interest and Lien in any of the Collateral (as defined in the Security Agreement) purported to be covered thereby, or the Company shall so state in writing, or the Company shall in any way challenge, or shall bring any proceeding which shall in any way challenge, the prior valid, enforceable or perfected status of such security interest or Lien or the validity or enforceability thereof; (b) Remedies. Upon the occurrence of an Event of Default, the Company shall within five Business Days deliver written notice thereof via facsimile or email and overnight courier (an “Event of Default Notice”) to the Holder. At any time after the earlier of the Holder’s receipt of an Event of Default Notice and the Holder becoming aware of an Event of Default, the Holder may require the Company to redeem all or any portion of this Note by delivering written notice thereof (the “Event of Default Redemption Notice”) to the Company, which Event of Default Redemption Notice shall indicate the portion of this Note the Holder is electing to redeem and, in the case the Holder has not received an Event of Default Notice, the Event of Default of which the Holder has become aware. Each portion of this Note subject to redemption by the Company pursuant to this Section 4(b) shall be redeemed by the Company at a price equal to the sum of the Conversion Amount to be redeemed together with accrued and unpaid Interest with respect to such Conversion Amount (the “Event of Default Redemption Price”). Redemptions required by this Section 4(b) shall be made in accordance with the provisions of Section 12. To the extent redemptions required by this Section 4(b) are deemed or determined by a court of competent jurisdiction to be prepayments of the Note by the Company, such redemptions shall be deemed to be voluntary prepayments. The parties hereto agree that in the event of the Company’s redemption of any portion of the Note under this Section 4(b), the Holder’s damages would be uncertain and difficult to estimate because of the parties’ inability to predict future interest rates and the uncertainty of the availability of a suitable substitute investment opportunity for the Holder. Exhibit A-3 5. RIGHTS UPON FUNDAMENTAL TRANSACTION; CHANGE OF CONTROL. (a ) Assumption. The Company shall not enter into or be party to a Fundamental Transaction unless the Successor Entity assumes in writing all of the obligations of the Company under this Note and the other Transaction Documents in accordance with the provisions of this Section 5(a) pursuant to written agreements in form and substance reasonably satisfactory to the Required Holders and approved by the Required Holders prior to such Fundamental Transaction, including agreements to deliver to each holder of Notes in exchange for such Notes a security of the Successor Entity evidenced by a written instrument substantially similar in form and substance to the Notes, including, without limitation, having a principal amount and interest rate equal to the principal amounts and the interest rates of the Notes then outstanding held by such holder, having similar conversion rights and having similar ranking to the Notes, and satisfactory to the Required Holders. Upon the occurrence of any Fundamental Transaction, the Successor Entity shall succeed to, and be substituted for (so that from and after the date of such Fundamental Transaction, the provisions of this Note referring to the “Company” shall refer instead to the Successor Entity), and may exercise every right and power of the Company and shall assume all of the obligations of the Company under this Note with the same effect as if such Successor Entity had been named as the Company herein. Upon consummation of the Fundamental Transaction, the Successor Entity shall deliver to the Holder confirmation that there shall be issued upon conversion or redemption of this Note at any time after the consummation of the Fundamental Transaction, in lieu of the shares of the Company’s Common Stock (or other securities, cash, assets or other property) issuable upon the conversion or redemption of the Notes prior to such Fundamental Transaction, such shares of the publicly traded common stock (or their equivalent) of the Successor Entity (including its Parent Entity), as adjusted in accordance with the provisions of this Note. The provisions of this Section 5 shall apply similarly and equally to successive Fundamental Transactions and shall be applied without regard to any limitations on the conversion or redemption of this Note. ( b ) Redemption Right. No sooner than fifteen days nor later than ten days prior to the consummation of a Change of Control, but not prior to the public announcement of such Change of Control, the Company shall deliver written notice thereof via facsimile or email and overnight courier to the Holder (a “Change of Control Notice”). At any time during the period beginning after the Holder’s receipt of a Change of Control Notice and ending twenty Trading Days after the date of the consummation of such Change of Control, the Holder may require the Company to redeem all or any portion of this Note by delivering written notice thereof (“Change of Control Redemption Notice”) to the Company, which Change of Control Redemption Notice shall indicate the Conversion Amount the Holder is electing to redeem. The portion of this Note subject to redemption pursuant to this Section 5 shall be redeemed by the Company in cash at a price equal to the Conversion Amount being redeemed plus any accrued and unpaid interest on the Conversion Amount being redeemed (the “Change of Control Redemption Price”). Redemptions required by this Section 5(b) shall be made in accordance with the provisions of Section 12. To the extent redemptions required by this Section 5(b) are deemed or determined by a court of competent jurisdiction to be prepayments of the Note by the Company, such redemptions shall be deemed to be voluntary prepayments. The parties hereto agree that in the event of the Company’s redemption of any portion of the Note under this Section 5(b), the Holder’s damages would be uncertain and difficult to estimate because of the parties’ inability to predict future interest rates and the uncertainty of the availability of a suitable substitute investment opportunity for the Holder. 6. RIGHTS UPON ISSUANCE OF PURCHASE RIGHTS AND OTHER CORPORATE EVENTS. ( a ) Purchase Rights. If at any time the Company grants, issues or sells any Options, Convertible Securities or rights to purchase stock, warrants, securities or other property pro rata to the record holders of any class of Common Stock (the “Purchase Rights”), then the Holder will be entitled to acquire, upon the terms applicable to such Purchase Rights, the aggregate Purchase Rights which the Holder could have acquired if the Holder had held the number of shares of Common Stock acquirable upon complete conversion of this Note (without taking into account any limitations or restrictions on the convertibility of this Note) immediately before the date on which a record is taken for the grant, issuance or sale of such Purchase Rights, or, if no such record is taken, the date as of which the record holders of Common Stock are to be determined for the grant, issue or sale of such Purchase Rights. Exhibit A-4 ( b ) Other Corporate Events. In addition to and not in substitution for any other rights hereunder, prior to the consummation of any Fundamental Transaction pursuant to which holders of shares of Common Stock are entitled to receive securities or other assets with respect to or in exchange for shares of Common Stock (a “Corporate Event”), the Company shall make appropriate provision to insure that the Holder will thereafter have the right to receive upon a conversion of this Note, at the Holder’s option, (i) in addition to the Conversion Shares receivable upon such conversion, such securities or other assets to which the Holder would have been entitled with respect to such Conversion Shares had such Conversion Shares been held by the Holder upon the consummation of such Corporate Event (without taking into account any limitations or restrictions on the convertibility of this Note) or (ii) in lieu of the Conversion Shares otherwise receivable upon such conversion, such securities or other assets received by the holders of shares of Common Stock in connection with the consummation of such Corporate Event in such amounts as the Holder would have been entitled to receive had this Note initially been issued with conversion rights for the form of such consideration (as opposed to shares of Common Stock) at a conversion rate for such consideration commensurate with the Conversion Rate. Provision made pursuant to the preceding sentence shall be in a form and substance satisfactory to the Required Holders. The provisions of this Section 6 shall apply similarly and equally to successive Corporate Events and shall be applied without regard to any limitations on the conversion or redemption of this Note. 7. RIGHTS UPON ISSUANCE OF OTHER SECURITIES. ( a ) Stock Dividends and Stock Splits. If the Company, at any time while this Note is outstanding (A) pays a stock dividend or otherwise makes a distribution or distributions on shares of its Common Stock or any other equity or equity equivalent securities payable in shares of Common Stock (which, for avoidance of doubt, shall not include any shares of Common Stock issued by the Company pursuant to this Note), or (B) subdivides (by any stock split, stock dividend, recapitalization or otherwise) one or more classes of its outstanding shares of Common Stock into a greater number of shares, the Conversion Price in effect immediately prior to such subdivision will be proportionately reduced. If the Company at any time while this Note is outstanding: combines (by combination, reverse stock split or otherwise) one or more classes of its outstanding shares of Common Stock as the case may be, into a smaller number of shares, the Conversion Price in effect immediately prior to such combination will be proportionately modified. ( b ) Other Events. If any event occurs of the type contemplated by the provisions of this Section 7 but not expressly provided for by such provisions (including, without limitation, the granting of stock appreciation rights, phantom stock rights or other rights with equity features), then the Company’s Board of Directors will make an appropriate adjustment in the Conversion Price so as to protect the rights of the Holder under this Note; provided that no such adjustment will increase the Conversion Price as otherwise determined pursuant to this Section 7. 8. COMPANY’S RIGHT OF MANDATORY CONVERSION. ( a ) Mandatory Conversion. If the price of the Company’s Common Stock shall remain at a closing price of $3.50 or more for a period of twenty consecutive Trading Days, the Company shall have the right to require the Holder to convert all, or any part, of the Conversion Amount of this Note into fully paid, validly issued and nonassessable shares of Common Stock in accordance with Section 3(c) hereof at the Conversion Rate with respect to the Conversion Amount (the “Mandatory Conversion”). The mechanics of conversion set forth in Section 3(c) shall apply to any Mandatory Conversion as if the Company and the Transfer Agent had received from the Holder on the Mandatory Conversion Date a Conversion Notice with respect to the Conversion Amount being converted pursuant to the Mandatory Conversion. 9. SECURITY. This Note and the Other Notes are secured to the extent, within the time and in the manner set forth in the Security Documents (as defined in the Securities Purchase Agreement). 1 0 . NONCIRCUMVENTION. The Company hereby covenants and agrees that the Company will not, by amendment of its Certificate of Incorporation, Bylaws or through any reorganization, transfer of assets, consolidation, merger, scheme of arrangement, dissolution, issue or sale of securities, or any other voluntary action, avoid or seek to avoid the observance or performance of any of the terms of this Note, and will at all times in good faith carry out all of the provisions of this Note and take all reasonable action as may be required to protect the rights of the Holder of this Note. 11. RESERVATION OF AUTHORIZED SHARES. ( a ) Reservation. The Company shall reserve out of its authorized and unissued stock a number of shares of Common Stock or other securities issuable upon conversion of the Notes, as the case may be, for each of the Notes equal to 100% of the Conversion Rate with respect to the Conversion Amount of each such Note as of the Issuance Date (such applicable amount, the “Required Reserve Amount”). The Company shall increase the Required Reserved Amount in proportion to any increase in the outstanding principal amount of the Note resulting from a PIK amount. Exhibit A-5 ( b ) Insufficient Authorized Shares . If at any time while any of the Notes remain outstanding the Company does not have a sufficient number of authorized and unreserved shares of Common Stock or other securities issuable upon conversion of the Notes, as the case may be, to satisfy its obligation to reserve for issuance upon conversion of the Notes at least a number of shares of Common Stock or other securities issuable upon conversion of the Notes, as the case may be, equal to the Required Reserve Amount (an “Authorized Share Failure”), then the Company shall immediately take all action necessary to increase the Company’s authorized shares of Common Stock or other securities issuable upon conversion of the Notes, as the case may be, to an amount sufficient to allow the Company to reserve the Required Reserve Amount for the Notes then outstanding. Without limiting the generality of the foregoing sentence, as soon as reasonably practicable after the date of the occurrence of an Authorized Share Failure, but in no event later than sixty days after the occurrence of such Authorized Share Failure, the Company shall hold a meeting of its stockholders for the approval of an increase in the number of authorized shares of Common Stock or, if required by applicable law, other securities issuable upon conversion of the Notes, as the case may be. In connection with such meeting, the Company shall provide each stockholder with a proxy statement and shall use its reasonable efforts to solicit its stockholders’ approval of such increase in authorized shares of Common Stock or, if required by applicable law, other securities issuable upon conversion of the Note, as the case may be, and to cause its board of directors of the Company to recommend to the stockholders that they approve such proposal. 12. HOLDER’S REDEMPTIONS. (a ) Mechanics. The Company shall deliver the applicable Event of Default Redemption Price or the Change of Control Redemption Price (together, the “Redemption Price”) to the Holder within five Business Days after the Company’s receipt of the Holder’s Event of Default Redemption Notice or Change of Control Redemption Notice (together, the “Redemption Notice”). In the event of a redemption of less than all of the Conversion Amount of this Note, the Company shall promptly cause to be issued and delivered to the Holder a new Note (in accordance with Section 17(d)) representing the outstanding Principal which has not been redeemed. In the event that the Company does not pay the applicable Redemption Price to the Holder within the time period required, at any time thereafter and until the Company pays such unpaid Redemption Price in full, the Holder shall have the option, in lieu of redemption, to require the Company to promptly return to the Holder all or any portion of this Note representing the Conversion Amount that was submitted for redemption and for which the applicable Redemption Price has not been paid. Upon the Company’s receipt of such notice, (x) the applicable Redemption Notice shall be null and void with respect to such Conversion Amount, and (y) the Company shall immediately return this Note, or issue a new Note (in accordance with Section 17(d)) to the Holder representing the sum of such Conversion Amount to be redeemed together with accrued and unpaid Interest with respect to such Conversion Amount. ( b ) Redemption by Other Holders. Upon the Company’s receipt of notice from any of the holders of the Other Notes for redemption or repayment as a result of an event or occurrence substantially similar to the events or occurrences described in Section 4(b), the Company shall immediately, but no later than one Business Day of its receipt thereof, forward to the Holder by facsimile or email a copy of such notice. 13. VOTING RIGHTS. The Holder shall have no voting rights as the holder of this Note, except as required by law, including, but not limited to, the Delaware General Corporation Law, and as expressly provided in this Note. 14. COVENANTS. So long as this Note is outstanding: (a) Rank. All payments due under this Note shall rank pari passu with all Other Notes. Bylaws without the prior written consent of the Required Holders (which consent shall not be unreasonably withheld). ( b ) Certificate of Incorporation and Bylaws. Except as set forth in Section 11(b), the Company shall not amend its Certificate of Incorporation or (c) Use of Proceeds. The Company will use the proceeds from the sale of the Notes for general working capital purposes. 15. VOTE TO ISSUE, OR CHANGE THE TERMS OF, NOTES. The affirmative vote of the Required Holders at a meeting duly called for such purpose or the written consent without a meeting shall be required for any change or amendment to this Note or the Other Notes. In no event shall any amendment, modification or waiver be made to this Note which would adversely effect the Holder without the written consent of the Holder. 1 6 . TRANSFER. This Note and any Conversion Shares issued upon conversion of this Note may be offered, sold, assigned or transferred by the Holder without the consent of the Company, subject only to the provisions of Section 2(f) of the Securities Purchase Agreement and applicable securities laws. Exhibit A-6 17. REISSUANCE OF THIS NOTE. (a) Transfer. If this Note is to be transferred, the Holder shall surrender this Note to the Company, whereupon the Company will forthwith issue and deliver upon the order of the Holder a new Note (in accordance with Sections 16 and 17(d)), registered as the Holder may request, representing the outstanding Principal being transferred by the Holder and, if less than the entire outstanding Principal is being transferred, a new Note (in accordance with Section 17(d)) to the Holder representing the outstanding Principal not being transferred. The Holder and any assignee, by acceptance of this Note, acknowledge and agree that, by reason of the provisions of Section 3(c)(ii) following conversion or redemption of any portion of this Note, the outstanding Principal represented by this Note may be less than the Principal stated on the face of this Note. ( b ) Lost, Stolen or Mutilated Note. Upon receipt by the Company of evidence reasonably satisfactory to the Company of the loss, theft, destruction or mutilation of this Note, and, in the case of loss, theft or destruction, of any indemnification undertaking by the Holder to the Company in customary form and, in the case of mutilation, upon surrender and cancellation of this Note, the Company shall execute and deliver to the Holder a new Note (in accordance with Section 17(d)) representing the outstanding Principal. ( c ) Note Exchangeable for Different Denominations. This Note is exchangeable, upon the surrender hereof by the Holder at the principal office of the Company, for a new Note or Notes representing in the aggregate the outstanding Principal of this Note, and each such new Note will represent such portion of such outstanding Principal as is designated by the Holder at the time of such surrender. (d) Issuance of New Notes. Whenever the Company is required to issue a new Note pursuant to the terms of this Note, such new Note (i) shall be of like tenor with this Note, (ii) shall represent, as indicated on the face of such new Note, the Principal remaining outstanding (or in the case of a new Note being issued pursuant to Section 17(a) or Section 17(c), the Principal designated by the Holder which, when added to the principal represented by the other new Notes issued in connection with such issuance, does not exceed the Principal remaining outstanding under this Note immediately prior to such issuance of new Notes), (iii) shall have an issuance date, as indicated on the face of such new Note, which is the same as the Issuance Date of this Note, (iv) shall have the same rights and conditions as this Note, and (v) shall represent accrued and unpaid Interest on the Principal and Interest of this Note, from the Issuance Date. 18. Remedies, Characterizations, Other Obligations, Breaches And Injunctive Relief. The remedies provided in this Note shall be cumulative and in addition to all other remedies available under this Note and any of the other Transaction Documents at law or in equity (including a decree of specific performance and/or other injunctive relief), and nothing herein shall limit the Holder’s right to pursue actual and consequential damages for any failure by the Company to comply with the terms of this Note. Amounts set forth or provided for herein with respect to payments, conversion and the like (and the computation thereof) shall be the amounts to be received by the Holder and shall not, except as expressly provided herein, be subject to any other obligation of the Company (or the performance thereof). The Company acknowledges that a breach by it of its obligations hereunder will cause irreparable harm to the Holder and that the remedy at law for any such breach may be inadequate. The Company therefore agrees that, in the event of any such breach or threatened breach, the Holder shall be entitled, in addition to all other available remedies, to an injunction restraining any breach, without the necessity of showing economic loss and without any bond or other security being required. 19. PAYMENT OF COLLECTION, ENFORCEMENT AND OTHER COSTS . If (a) this Note is placed in the hands of an attorney for collection or enforcement or is collected or enforced through any legal proceeding or the Holder otherwise takes action to collect amounts due under this Note or to enforce the provisions of this Note or (b) there occurs any bankruptcy, reorganization, receivership of the Company or other proceedings affecting Company creditors’ rights and involving a claim under this Note, then the Company shall pay the costs incurred by the Holder for such collection, enforcement or action or in connection with such bankruptcy, reorganization, receivership or other proceeding, including, but not limited to, attorneys’ fees and disbursements. 2 0 . CONSTRUCTION; HEADINGS. This Note shall be deemed to be jointly drafted by the Company and all the holders of the Notes and shall not be construed against any person as the drafter hereof. The headings of this Note are for convenience of reference and shall not form part of, or affect the interpretation of, this Note. 21. FAILURE OR INDULGENCE NOT WAIVER. No failure or delay on the part of the Holder in the exercise of any power, right or privilege hereunder shall operate as a waiver thereof, nor shall any single or partial exercise of any such power, right or privilege preclude other or further exercise thereof or of any other right, power or privilege. Exhibit A-7 22. NOTICES; PAYMENTS. ( a ) Notices. Whenever notice is required to be given under this Note, unless otherwise provided herein, such notice shall be given in accordance with Section 9(f) of the Securities Purchase Agreement. The Company shall provide the Holder with prompt written notice of all actions taken pursuant to this Note, including in reasonable detail a description of such action and the reason therefore. Without limiting the generality of the foregoing, the Company will give written notice to the Holder (i) immediately upon any adjustment of the Conversion Price, setting forth in reasonable detail, and certifying, the calculation of such adjustment and (ii) at least twenty days prior to the date on which the Company closes its books or takes a record (A) with respect to any dividend or distribution upon the Common Stock, (B) with respect to any pro rata subscription offer to holders of Common Stock or (C) for determining rights to vote with respect to any Fundamental Transaction, dissolution or liquidation, provided in each case that such information shall be made known to the public prior to or in conjunction with such notice being provided to the Holder. (b) Payments. Whenever any payment of cash is to be made by the Company to any Person pursuant to this Note, such payment shall be made in lawful money of the United States of America by a check drawn on the account of the Company and sent via overnight courier service to such Person at such address as previously provided to the Company in writing (which address, in the case of each of the holders of the Notes, shall initially be as set forth on the Schedule of Buyers attached to the Securities Purchase Agreement); provided that the Holder may elect to receive a payment of cash via wire transfer of immediately available funds by providing the Company with prior written notice setting out such request and the Holder’s wire transfer instructions. Whenever any amount expressed to be due by the terms of this Note is due on any day which is not a Business Day, the same shall instead be due on the next succeeding day which is a Business Day and, in the case of any Interest Date which is not the date on which this Note is paid in full, the extension of the due date thereof shall not be taken into account for purposes of determining the amount of Interest due on such date. Any amount of Principal or other amounts due under the Transaction Documents, other than Interest, which is not paid when due shall result in a late charge being incurred and payable by the Company in an amount equal to interest on such amount at the rate of fifteen percent (15%) per annum, or the maximum rate permissible by law, which is less, from the date such amount was due until the same is paid in full (“Late Charge”). automatically be deemed canceled, shall be surrendered to the Company for cancellation and shall not be reissued. 2 3 . CANCELLATION. After all Principal, accrued Interest and other amounts at any time owed on this Note have been paid in full, this Note shall 2 4 . WAIVER OF NOTICE. To the extent permitted by law, the Company hereby waives demand, notice, protest and all other demands and notices in connection with the delivery, acceptance, performance, default or enforcement of this Note and the Securities Purchase Agreement. 25. GOVERNING LAW. This Note shall be construed and enforced in accordance with, and all questions concerning the construction, validity, interpretation and performance of this Note shall be governed by, the internal laws of the State of New York, without giving effect to any choice of law or conflict of law provision or rule (whether of the State of New York or any other jurisdictions) that would cause the application of the laws of any jurisdictions other than the State of New York. The Company hereby irrevocably submits to the exclusive jurisdiction of the state and federal courts sitting in The City of New York, Borough of Manhattan, for the adjudication of any dispute hereunder or in connection herewith or with any transaction contemplated hereby or discussed herein, and hereby irrevocably waives, and agrees not to assert in any suit, action or proceeding, any claim that it is not personally subject to the jurisdiction of any such court, that such suit, action or proceeding is brought in an inconvenient forum or that the venue of such suit, action or proceeding is improper. Nothing contained herein shall be deemed to limit in any way any right to serve process in any manner permitted by law. In the event that any provision of this Note is invalid or unenforceable under any applicable statute or rule of law, then such provision shall be deemed inoperative to the extent that it may conflict therewith and shall be deemed modified to conform with such statute or rule of law. Any such provision which may prove invalid or unenforceable under any law shall not affect the validity or enforceability of any other provision of this Note. Nothing contained herein shall be deemed or operate to preclude the Holder from bringing suit or taking other legal action against the Company in any other jurisdiction to collect on the Company’s obligations to the Holder, to realize on any collateral or any other security for such obligations, or to enforce a judgment or other court ruling in favor of the Holder. THE COMPANY HEREBY IRREVOCABLY WAIVES ANY RIGHT IT MAY HAVE, AND AGREES NOT TO REQUEST, A JURY TRIAL FOR THE ADJUDICATION OF ANY DISPUTE HEREUNDER OR IN CONNECTION WITH OR ARISING OUT OF THIS NOTE OR ANY TRANSACTION CONTEMPLATED HEREBY. Exhibit A-8 26. CERTAIN DEFINITIONS. For purposes of this Note, the following terms shall have the following meanings: (a) “Bloomberg” means Bloomberg Financial Markets. or required by law to remain closed. (b) “Business Day” means any day other than Saturday, Sunday or other day on which commercial banks in The City of New York are authorized (c) “Change of Control” means any Fundamental Transaction other than (i) any reorganization, recapitalization or reclassification of the Common Stock in which holders of the Company’s voting power immediately prior to such reorganization, recapitalization or reclassification continue after such reorganization, recapitalization or reclassification to hold publicly traded securities and, directly or indirectly, the voting power of the surviving entity or entities necessary to elect a majority of the members of the board of directors (or their equivalent if other than a corporation) of such entity or entities, or (ii) pursuant to a migratory merger effected solely for the purpose of changing the jurisdiction of incorporation of the Company. (d) “Closing Bid Price” and “Closing Sale Price” means, for any security as of any date, the last closing bid price and last closing trade price, respectively, for such security on the Principal Market, as reported by Bloomberg, or, if the Principal Market begins to operate on an extended hours basis and does not designate the closing bid price or the closing trade price, as the case may be, then the last bid price or last trade price, respectively, of such security prior to 4:00:00 p.m., New York Time, as reported by Bloomberg, or, if the Principal Market is not the principal securities exchange or trading market for such security, the last closing bid price or last trade price, respectively, of such security on the principal securities exchange or trading market where such security is listed or traded as reported by Bloomberg, or if the foregoing do not apply, the last closing bid price or last trade price, respectively, of such security in the over-the-counter market on the electronic bulletin board for such security as reported by Bloomberg, or, if no closing bid price or last trade price, respectively, is reported for such security by Bloomberg, the average of the bid prices, or the ask prices, respectively, of any market makers for such security as reported in the “pink sheets” by Pink Sheets LLC (formerly the National Quotation Bureau, Inc.). If the Closing Bid Price or the Closing Sale Price cannot be calculated for a security on a particular date on any of the foregoing bases, the Closing Bid Price or the Closing Sale Price, as the case may be, of such security on such date shall be the fair market value as mutually determined by the Company and the Holder. All such determinations shall be appropriately adjusted for any stock dividend, stock split, stock combination or other similar transaction during the applicable calculation period. Notes were initially issued pursuant to the terms of the Securities Purchase Agreement. (e) “Closing Date” shall have the meaning set forth in the Securities Purchase Agreement which corresponds to the date this Note and the Other (f) “Common Stock” means shares of the Company’s common stock, $0.001 par value per share. (g) “Contingent Obligation” means, as to any Person, any direct or indirect liability, contingent or otherwise, of that Person with respect to any indebtedness, lease, dividend or other obligation of another Person if the primary purpose or intent of the Person incurring such liability, or the primary effect thereof, is to provide assurance to the obligee of such liability that such liability will be paid or discharged, or that any agreements relating thereto will be complied with, or that the holders of such liability will be protected (in whole or in part) against loss with respect thereto. exchangeable for Common Stock. (h) “Convertible Securities” means any stock or securities (other than Options) directly or indirectly convertible into or exercisable or (i) “Conversion Shares” means, shares of Common Stock issuable upon conversion of this Note. Nasdaq Global Market, The Nasdaq Capital Market, or any market that is a successor to any of the foregoing. (j) “Eligible Market” means the Principal Market, The New York Stock Exchange, Inc., the NYSE Amex, The Nasdaq Global Select Market, The (k) “Fundamental Transaction” means that the Company shall, directly or indirectly, in one or more related transactions, (i) consolidate or merge with or into (whether or not the Company is the surviving corporation) another Person or Persons, or (ii) sell, assign, transfer, convey or otherwise dispose of all or substantially all of the properties or assets of the Company to another Person, or (iii) allow another Person (other than the Holder) to make a purchase, tender or exchange offer that is accepted by the holders of more than 50% of the outstanding shares of Voting Stock (not including any shares of Voting Stock held by the Person or Persons making or party to, or associated or affiliated with the Persons making or party to, such purchase, tender or exchange offer), or (iv) consummate a stock purchase agreement or other business combination (including, without limitation, a reorganization, recapitalization, spin-off or scheme of arrangement) with another Person whereby such other Person acquires more than the 50% of the outstanding shares of Voting Stock (not including any shares of Voting Stock held by the other Person or other Persons making or party to, or associated or affiliated with the other Persons making or party to, such stock purchase agreement or other business combination), or (v) reorganize, recapitalize or reclassify its Common Stock or (vi) any “person” or “group” (as these terms are used for purposes of Sections 13(d) and 14(d) of the Exchange Act) is or shall become the “beneficial owner” (as defined in Rule 13d-3 under the Exchange Act), directly or indirectly, of 50% of the aggregate Voting Stock of the Company. Exhibit A-9 (l) “GAAP” means United States generally accepted accounting principles, consistently applied. (m) “Interest Rate” means, 6.00% per annum, subject to adjustment as set forth in Section 2(b) hereof. (n) “Options” means any rights, warrants or options to subscribe for or purchase shares of Common Stock or Convertible Securities. (o) “Parent Entity” of a Person means an entity that, directly or indirectly, controls the applicable Person and whose common stock or equivalent equity security is quoted or listed on an Eligible Market, or, if there is more than one such Person or Parent Entity, the Person or Parent Entity with the largest public market capitalization as of the date of consummation of the Fundamental Transaction. any other entity and a government or any department or agency thereof. (p) “Person” means an individual, a limited liability company, a partnership, a joint venture, a corporation, a trust, an unincorporated organization, (q) “Principal Market” means the NASDAQ Capital Market. outstanding. (r) “Required Holders” means the holders of Notes representing at least a majority of the aggregate principal amount of the Notes then (s) “SEC” means the United States Securities and Exchange Commission. Company and the initial holders of the Notes pursuant to which the Company issued the Notes. (t) “Securities Purchase Agreement” means that certain securities purchase agreement dated as of the Subscription Date by and among the (u) “Subscription Date” means August 31, 2018. (v) “Successor Entity” means the Person, which may be the Company, formed by, resulting from or surviving any Fundamental Transaction or the Person with which such Fundamental Transaction shall have been made, provided that if such Person is not a publicly traded entity whose common stock or equivalent equity security is quoted or listed for trading on an Eligible Market, Successor Entity shall mean such Person’s Parent Entity. (w) “Trading Day” means any day on which the Common Stock is traded on the Principal Market, or, if the Principal Market is not the principal trading market for the Common Stock, then on the principal securities exchange or securities market on which the Common Stock is then traded; provided that “Trading Day” shall not include any day on which the Common Stock is scheduled to trade on such exchange or market for less than 4.5 hours or any day that the Common Stock is suspended from trading during the final hour of trading on such exchange or market (or if such exchange or market does not designate in advance the closing time of trading on such exchange or market, then during the hour ending at 4:00:00 p.m., New York Time). (x) “Voting Stock” of a Person means capital stock of such Person of the class or classes pursuant to which the holders thereof have the general voting power to elect, or the general power to appoint, at least a majority of the board of directors, managers or trustees of such Person (irrespective of whether or not at the time capital stock of any other class or classes shall have or might have voting power by reason of the happening of any contingency). 27. DISCLOSURE. Upon receipt or delivery by the Company of any notice in accordance with the terms of this Note, unless the Company has in good faith determined that the matters relating to such notice do not constitute material, nonpublic information relating to the Company or its Subsidiaries, the Company shall within four Business Days after any such receipt or delivery publicly disclose such material, nonpublic information on a Current Report on Form 8-K or otherwise. In the event that the Company believes that a notice contains material, nonpublic information relating to the Company or its Subsidiaries, the Company so shall indicate to such Holder contemporaneously with delivery of such notice, and in the absence of any such indication, the Holder shall be allowed to presume that all matters relating to such notice do not constitute material, nonpublic information relating to the Company or its Subsidiaries. [Signature Page Follows] Exhibit A-10 IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the Company has caused this Note to be duly executed as of the Issuance Date set out above. APPLIED DNA SCIENCES, INC. By: Name: Title: [signature page to Form of Secured Convertible Note] EXHIBIT I APPLIED DNA SCIENCES, INC. CONVERSION NOTICE Reference is made to the Secured Convertible Note (the “Note”) issued to the undersigned by Applied DNA Sciences, Inc. (the “Company”). In accordance with and pursuant to the Note, the undersigned hereby elects to convert the Conversion Amount (as defined in the Note) of the Note indicated below into Conversion Shares (as defined in the Note) of the Company, as of the date specified below. Date of Conversion: Aggregate Conversion Amount to be converted: Please confirm the following information: Conversion Price: Number of shares of Common Stock to be issued: Please issue the Common Stock into which the Conversion Amount of the Note is being converted in the following name and to the following address: Issue to: Facsimile Number: Authorization: By: Title: Dated: Account Number: (if electronic book entry transfer) Transaction Code Number: (if electronic book entry transfer) The Company hereby acknowledges this Conversion Notice and hereby directs American Stock Transfer & Trust Company to issue the above indicated number of shares of Common Stock in accordance with the Transfer Agent Instructions dated [●], 2018 from the Company and acknowledged and agreed to by American Stock Transfer & Trust Company. ACKNOWLEDGMENT APPLIED DNA SCIENCES, INC By: Name: Title: Exhibit B Registration Rights Agreement REGISTRATION RIGHTS AGREEMENT (this “Agreement”), dated as of August 31, 2018, by and among Applied DNA Sciences, Inc., a Delaware corporation, with headquarters located at 50 Health Sciences Drive, Stony Brook, New York 11790 (the “Company”), and the undersigned buyers (each, a “Buyer”, and collectively, the “Buyers”). REGISTRATION RIGHTS AGREEMENT WHEREAS: A. In connection with the Securities Purchase Agreement, dated as of August 31, 2018, by and among the Company and the Buyers (the “ Securities Purchase Agreement”), the Company has agreed, upon the terms and subject to the conditions set forth in the Securities Purchase Agreement, to issue and sell to each Buyer senior secured convertible notes of the Company (the “Notes”), which may, among other things, be convertible into shares of the Company’s common stock, $0.001 par value per share (the “Common Stock,” as converted, the “Conversion Shares”) in accordance with the terms of the Notes. Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and the rules and regulations thereunder, or any similar successor statute (collectively, the “1933 Act”), and applicable state securities laws. B. To induce the Buyers to execute and deliver the Securities Purchase Agreement, the Company has agreed to provide certain registration rights under the NOW, THEREFORE, in consideration of the premises and the mutual covenants contained herein and other good and valuable consideration, the receipt and sufficiency of which are hereby acknowledged, the Company and each of the Buyers hereby agree as follows: 1. Definitions. this Agreement, the following terms shall have the following meanings: Capitalized terms used herein and not otherwise defined herein shall have the respective meanings set forth in the Securities Purchase Agreement. As used in authorized or required by law to remain closed. a. “Business Day” means any day other than Saturday, Sunday or any other day on which commercial banks in the City of New York are b. “Effective Date” means the date the Registration Statement (as defined below) is declared effective by the SEC. Registrable Securities pursuant to Section 2, 45 days after the Filing Date, or if there is a review of the Registration Statement by the SEC, 90 days after the Filing Date. c. “Effectiveness Deadline” means, with respect to any registration statement required to be filed to cover the resale by the Investors of the Securities pursuant to Section 2, the date on which such registration statement is filed with the SEC. d. “Filing Date” means, with respect to any registration statement required to be filed to cover the resale by the Investors of the Registrable Exhibit B-1 e. “Filing Deadline” means with respect to any registration statement required to be filed to cover the resale by the Investors of the Registrable Securities pursuant to Section 2, 60 days following the Demand Registration Request (as defined below), unless the Demand Registration Request is made after the end of the fiscal year but before the financial statements for such fiscal year are available, in which case the Filing Deadline means the later of (i) 10 Business Days following the availability of the financial statements for the year ended September 30, 2018 and (ii) 60 days following the Demand Registration Request. f. “Investor” means a Buyer or any transferee or assignee thereof to whom a Buyer assigns its rights under this Agreement and who agrees to become bound by the provisions of this Agreement in accordance with Section 9 and any transferee or assignee thereof to whom a transferee or assignee assigns its rights under this Agreement and who agrees to become bound by the provisions of this Agreement in accordance with Section 9. and a government or any department or agency thereof. g. “Person” means an individual, a limited liability company, a partnership, a joint venture, a corporation, a trust, an unincorporated organization defined below) in compliance with the 1933 Act and pursuant to Rule 415 and the declaration or ordering of effectiveness of such Registration Statement(s) by the SEC. h. “register,” “registered,” and “registration” refer to a registration effected by preparing and filing one or more Registration Statements (as i. “Registrable Securities” means (i) the Conversion Shares issued or issuable upon conversion or redemption of the Note and (ii) any share capital of the Company issued or issuable with respect to the Conversion Shares or the Notes as a result of any stock split, stock dividend, recapitalization, exchange or similar event or otherwise. Registrable Securities. j. “Registration Statement” means a registration statement or registration statements of the Company filed under the 1933 Act covering the k. “Required Holders” means the holders of at least a majority of the Registrable Securities. l. “Rule 415” means Rule 415 under the 1933 Act or any successor rule providing for offering securities on a continuous or delayed basis. m. “SEC” means the United States Securities and Exchange Commission. Exhibit B-2 2. Registration. a . Demand Registration. Subject to the terms and conditions of this Agreement, if, at any time following the receipt by the Company of a Conversion Notice, as defined in the Securities Purchase Agreement, or a mandatory conversion pursuant to Section 8 of the Form of Note, the Company receives a written request from the Required Holders that the Company register under the 1933 Act any of the Registrable Securities held by the Required Holders (such a written request being hereinafter referred to as a “Demand Registration Request”), the Company shall file, as promptly as reasonably practicable but no later than the Filing Deadline, a registration statement under the 1933 Act covering all of the Registrable Securities. The Registration Statement shall be on Form S-1 or any similar long-form registration statement. The Registration Statement shall contain the “Selling Shareholders” and “Plan of Distribution” sections in substantially the form attached hereto as Exhibit B. The Company shall use its reasonable efforts to cause the registration statement to be declared effective or otherwise to become effective under the 1933 Act as soon as reasonably practicable but, in any event, no later than the Effectiveness Deadline. By 9:30 am on the date following the Effective Date, the Company shall file with the SEC in accordance with Rule 424 under the 1933 Act the final prospectus to be used in connection with sales pursuant to such Registration Statement. b . Eligibility for Form S-3. If the Company is eligible to use Form S-3, or any similar short-form registration statement, to register the Registrable Securities, then the Company may use Form S-3 in lieu of Form S-1. 3. Related Obligations. At such time as the Company is obligated to file a Registration Statement with the SEC pursuant to Section 2, the Company will use its reasonable efforts to effect the registration of the Registrable Securities in accordance with the intended method of disposition thereof and, pursuant thereto, the Company shall have the following obligations: a. The Company shall promptly prepare and file with the SEC a Registration Statement with respect to the Registrable Securities and use its reasonable efforts to cause such Registration Statement relating to the Registrable Securities to become effective as soon as reasonably practicable after such filing (but in no event later than the Effectiveness Deadline). The Company shall keep each Registration Statement effective pursuant to Rule 415 at all times until the earlier of (i) the date as of which the Investors may sell all of the Registrable Securities covered by such Registration Statement without restriction or limitation pursuant to Rule 144 and without the requirement to be in compliance with Rule 144(c)(1) (or any successor thereto) promulgated under the 1933 Act or (ii) the date on which the Investors shall have sold all of the Registrable Securities covered by such Registration Statement (the “Registration Period”). The Company shall ensure that each Registration Statement (including any amendments or supplements thereto and prospectuses contained therein) shall not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact required to be stated therein, or necessary to make the statements therein (in the case of prospectuses, in the light of the circumstances in which they were made) not misleading. The term “reasonable efforts” shall mean, among other things, that the Company shall submit to the SEC, within five (5) Business Days after the later of the date that (i) the Company learns that no review of a particular Registration Statement will be made by the staff of the SEC or that the staff has no further comments on a particular Registration Statement, as the case may be, and (ii) the approval of Investors whose Registrable Securities are included in such Registration Statement (which approval is immediately sought), a request for acceleration of effectiveness of such Registration Statement to a time and date, subject to acceptance by the SEC, not later than five (5) Business Days after the submission of such request. Exhibit B-3 b. The Company shall prepare and file with the SEC such amendments (including post-effective amendments) and supplements to a Registration Statement and the prospectus used in connection with such Registration Statement, which prospectus is to be filed pursuant to Rule 424 promulgated under the 1933 Act, as may be necessary to keep such Registration Statement effective at all times during the Registration Period, and, during such period, comply with the provisions of the 1933 Act with respect to the disposition of all Registrable Securities of the Company covered by such Registration Statement until such time as all of such Registrable Securities shall have been disposed of in accordance with the intended methods of disposition by the seller or sellers thereof as set forth in such Registration Statement. In the case of amendments and supplements to a Registration Statement which are required to be filed pursuant to this Agreement (including pursuant to this Section 3(b)) by reason of the Company filing a report on Form 10-Q, Form 10-K, or any analogous report under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “1934 Act”), the Company shall have incorporated such report by reference into such Registration Statement, if applicable, or shall file such amendments or supplements with the SEC as soon as reasonably practicable after the 1934 Act report is filed which created the requirement for the Company to amend or supplement such Registration Statement. c. The Company shall use its reasonable efforts to (i) register and qualify, unless an exemption from registration and qualification applies, the resale by the Investors of the Registrable Securities covered by a Registration Statement under such other securities or “blue sky” laws of all applicable jurisdictions in the United States, (ii) prepare and file in those jurisdictions, such amendments (including post-effective amendments) and supplements to such registrations and qualifications as may be necessary to maintain the effectiveness thereof during the Registration Period, (iii) take such other actions as may be necessary to maintain such registrations and qualifications in effect at all times during the Registration Period, and (iv) take all other actions reasonably necessary or advisable to qualify the Registrable Securities for sale in such jurisdictions; provided, however, that the Company shall not be required in connection therewith or as a condition thereto to (w) make any change to its certificate of incorporation or bylaws, (x) qualify to do business in any jurisdiction where it would not otherwise be required to qualify but for this Section 3(d), (y) subject itself to general taxation in any such jurisdiction, or (z) file a general consent to service of process in any such jurisdiction. The Company shall promptly notify each Investor of the Registrable Securities covered by a Registration Statement of the receipt by the Company of any notification with respect to the suspension of the registration or qualification of any of the Registrable Securities for sale under the securities or “blue sky” laws of any jurisdiction in the United States or its receipt of notice of the initiation or threatening of any proceeding for such purpose. Exhibit B-4 d. The Company shall notify each Investor of the Registrable Securities covered by a Registration Statement in writing of the happening of any event, as promptly as reasonably practicable after becoming aware of such event, as a result of which the prospectus included in a Registration Statement, as then in effect, includes an untrue statement of a material fact or omission to state a material fact required to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements therein, in the light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading (provided that in no event shall such notice contain any material, nonpublic information), and promptly prepare a supplement or amendment to such Registration Statement to correct such untrue statement or omission, and deliver such number of copies of such supplement or amendment to such Investor as such Investor may reasonably request. The Company shall also promptly notify each Investor of the Registrable Securities covered by a Registration Statement in writing (i) when a prospectus or any prospectus supplement or post-effective amendment has been filed, and when a Registration Statement or any post-effective amendment has become effective (notification of such effectiveness shall be delivered to each such Investor by facsimile or e-mail on the same day of such effectiveness), (ii) of any request by the SEC for amendments or supplements to a Registration Statement or related prospectus or related information, and (iii) of the Company’s reasonable determination that a post- effective amendment to a Registration Statement would be appropriate. e. The Company shall use its reasonable efforts to prevent the issuance of any stop order or other suspension of effectiveness of a Registration Statement, or the suspension of the qualification of any of the Registrable Securities for sale in any jurisdiction and, if such an order or suspension is issued, to obtain the withdrawal of such order or suspension at the earliest possible moment and to notify each Investor who holds Registrable Securities being sold of the issuance of such order and the resolution thereof or its receipt of notice of the initiation or threat of any proceeding for such purpose. f. If any Investors of the Registrable Securities covered by a Registration Statement is required under applicable securities laws to be described in the Registration Statement as an underwriter, at the reasonable request of such Investor, the Company shall furnish to such Investor, on the date of the effectiveness of the Registration Statement and thereafter from time to time on such dates as an Investor may reasonably request (i) a letter, dated as of such date, from the Company’s independent certified public accountants in form and substance as is customarily given by independent certified public accountants to underwriters in an underwritten public offering, addressed to such Investor, and (ii) an opinion, dated as of such date, of counsel representing the Company for purposes of such Registration Statement, in form, scope and substance as is customarily given in an underwritten public offering, addressed to such Investor. g. The Company shall hold in confidence and not make any disclosure of information concerning an Investor provided to the Company unless (i) disclosure of such information is necessary to comply with federal or state securities laws, (ii) the disclosure of such information is necessary to avoid or correct a misstatement or omission in any Registration Statement, (iii) the release of such information is ordered pursuant to a subpoena or other final, non-appealable order from a court or governmental body of competent jurisdiction, or (iv) such information has been made generally available to the public other than by disclosure in violation of this Agreement or any other agreement. The Company agrees that it shall, upon learning that disclosure of such information concerning an Investor of the Registrable Securities covered by a Registration Statement is sought in or by a court or governmental body of competent jurisdiction or through other means, give prompt written notice to such Investor and allow such Investor, at such Investor’s expense, to undertake appropriate action to prevent disclosure of, or to obtain a protective order for, such information. Exhibit B-5 or quoted on each securities exchange, bulletin board or quotation system on which securities of the same class or series issued by the Company are then listed or quoted. h. The Company shall use its reasonable efforts either to (i) cause all of the Registrable Securities covered by a Registration Statement to be listed i. The Company shall cooperate with the Investors who hold Registrable Securities being offered and, to the extent applicable, facilitate the timely preparation and delivery of certificates (not bearing any restrictive legend) representing the Registrable Securities to be offered pursuant to a Registration Statement and enable such certificates to be in such denominations or amounts, as the case may be, as the Investors may reasonably request and registered in such names as the Investors may request. j. If requested by an Investor of the Registrable Securities covered by a Registration Statement, the Company shall (i) as soon as reasonably practicable incorporate in a prospectus supplement or post-effective amendment such information as such Investor reasonably requests to be included therein relating to the sale and distribution of Registrable Securities, including, without limitation, information with respect to the number of Registrable Securities being offered or sold, the purchase price being paid therefor and any other terms of the offering of the Registrable Securities to be sold in such offering; (ii) as soon as reasonably practicable make all required filings of such prospectus supplement or post-effective amendment after being notified of the matters to be incorporated in such prospectus supplement or post-effective amendment; and (iii) as soon as reasonably practicable, supplement or make amendments to any Registration Statement if reasonably requested by such Investor holding any Registrable Securities. approved by such other governmental agencies or authorities as may be necessary to consummate the disposition of such Registrable Securities. k. The Company shall use its reasonable efforts to cause the Registrable Securities covered by a Registration Statement to be registered with or registration hereunder. l. The Company shall otherwise use its reasonable efforts to comply with all applicable rules and regulations of the SEC in connection with any m. Within two (2) Business Days after a Registration Statement which covers Registrable Securities is ordered effective by the SEC, the Company shall deliver, and shall cause legal counsel for the Company to deliver, to the transfer agent for such Registrable Securities (with copies to the Investors whose Registrable Securities are included in such Registration Statement) confirmation that such Registration Statement has been declared effective by the SEC in the form attached hereto as Exhibit A. Exhibit B-6 n. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary herein, at any time after the Effective Date, the Company may delay the disclosure of material, non- public information concerning the Company the disclosure of which at the time is not, in the good faith opinion of the Board of Directors of the Company and its counsel, in the best interest of the Company and, in the opinion of counsel to the Company otherwise required (a “Grace Period”); provided that no Grace Period shall exceed ten (10) consecutive days and during any three hundred sixty five (365) day period such Grace Periods shall not exceed an aggregate of forty (40) days and the first day of any Grace Period must be at least five (5) trading days after the last day of any prior Grace Period (each, an “Allowable Grace Period”). For purposes of determining the length of a Grace Period above, the Grace Period shall begin on and include the date the Investors receive the notice referred to in clause (i) and shall end on and include the later of the date the Investors receive the notice referred to in clause (ii) and the date referred to in such notice. The provisions of Section 3(f) hereof shall not be applicable during the period of any Allowable Grace Period. Upon expiration of the Grace Period, the Company shall again be bound by the first sentence of Section 3(e) with respect to the information giving rise thereto unless such material, non-public information is no longer applicable. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary, the Company shall cause its transfer agent to deliver unlegended shares of Common Stock to a transferee of an Investor in accordance with the terms of the Securities Purchase Agreement in connection with any sale of Registrable Securities with respect to which an Investor has entered into a contract for sale and delivered a copy of the prospectus included as part of the Registration Statement (unless an exemption from such prospectus delivery requirement exists) prior to the Investor’s receipt of the notice of a Grace Period and for which the Investor has not yet settled. 4. Obligations of the Investors. a. At least five (5) Business Days prior to the first anticipated filing date of a Registration Statement, the Company shall notify each Investor whose Registrable Securities are to be included in a Registration Statement in writing of the information the Company requires from each such Investor. It shall be a condition precedent to the obligations of the Company to complete the registration pursuant to this Agreement with respect to the Registrable Securities of a particular Investor that such Investor shall furnish to the Company such information regarding itself, the Registrable Securities held by it and the intended method of disposition of the Registrable Securities held by it as shall be reasonably required to effect the effectiveness of the registration of such Registrable Securities and shall execute such documents in connection with such registration as the Company may reasonably request. requested by the Company in connection with the preparation and filing of any Registration Statement hereunder. b. Each Investor whose Registrable Securities are to be included in a Registration Statement agrees to cooperate with the Company as reasonably c. Each Investor whose Registrable Securities are to be included in a Registration Statement agrees that, upon receipt of any notice from the Company of the happening of any event of the kind described in Section 3(f) or the first sentence of 3(e), such Investor will immediately discontinue disposition of Registrable Securities pursuant to any Registration Statement(s) covering such Registrable Securities until such Investor’s receipt of the copies of the supplemented or amended prospectus contemplated by Section 3(f) or the first sentence of 3(e) or receipt of notice that no supplement or amendment is required. d. Each Investor whose Registrable Securities are to be included in a Registration Statement covenants and agrees that it will comply with the prospectus delivery requirements of the 1933 Act as applicable to it or an exemption therefrom in connection with sales of Registrable Securities pursuant to the Registration Statement. Exhibit B-7 5. Expenses of Registration. All reasonable expenses, other than underwriting discounts and commissions, incurred in connection with registrations, filings or qualifications pursuant to Sections 2 and 3, including, without limitation, all registration, listing and qualifications fees, printers and accounting fees, and fees and disbursements of counsel for the Company shall be paid by the Company. 6. Indemnification. In the event any Registrable Securities are included in a Registration Statement under this Agreement: a. To the fullest extent permitted by law, the Company will, and hereby does, indemnify, hold harmless and defend each Investor whose Registrable Securities are included in a Registration Statement, the directors, officers, members, partners, employees, agents, representatives of, and each Person, if any, who controls any Investor whose Registrable Securities are included in a Registration Statement within the meaning of the 1933 Act or the 1934 Act (each, an “ Indemnified Person”), against any losses, claims, damages, liabilities, judgments, fines, penalties, charges, costs, reasonable attorneys’ fees, amounts paid in settlement or expenses, joint or several, (collectively, “Claims”) incurred in investigating, preparing or defending any action, claim, suit, inquiry, proceeding, investigation or appeal taken from the foregoing by or before any court or governmental, administrative or other regulatory agency, body or the SEC, whether pending or threatened, whether or not an indemnified party is or may be a party thereto (“Indemnified Damages”), to which any of them may become subject insofar as such Claims (or actions or proceedings, whether commenced or threatened, in respect thereof) arise out of or are based upon: (i) any untrue statement or alleged untrue statement of a material fact in a Registration Statement or any post-effective amendment thereto or in any filing made in connection with the qualification of the offering under the securities or other “blue sky” laws of any jurisdiction in which Registrable Securities are offered (“Blue Sky Filing”), or the omission or alleged omission to state a material fact required to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements therein not misleading, (ii) any untrue statement or alleged untrue statement of a material fact contained in any preliminary prospectus if used prior to the effective date of such Registration Statement, or contained in the final prospectus (as amended or supplemented, if the Company files any amendment thereof or supplement thereto with the SEC) or the omission or alleged omission to state therein any material fact necessary to make the statements made therein, in the light of the circumstances under which the statements therein were made, not misleading, (iii) any violation or alleged violation by the Company of the 1933 Act, the 1934 Act, any other law, including, without limitation, any state securities law, or any rule or regulation thereunder relating to the offer or sale of the Registrable Securities pursuant to a Registration Statement or (iv) any violation of this Agreement (the matters in the foregoing clauses (i) through (iv) being, collectively, “Violations”). Subject to Section 6(c), the Company shall reimburse the Indemnified Persons, promptly as such expenses are incurred and are due and payable, for any legal fees or other reasonable expenses incurred by them in connection with investigating or defending any such Claim. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained herein, the indemnification agreement contained in this Section 6(a): (i) shall not apply to a Claim by an Indemnified Person arising out of or based upon a Violation which occurs in reliance upon and in conformity with information furnished in writing to the Company by such Indemnified Person for such Indemnified Person expressly for use in connection with the preparation of the Registration Statement or any such amendment thereof or supplement thereto, if such prospectus was timely made available by the Company pursuant to Section 3(c) and (ii) shall not apply to amounts paid in settlement of any Claim if such settlement is effected without the prior written consent of the Company, which consent shall not be unreasonably withheld or delayed. Such indemnity shall remain in full force and effect regardless of any investigation made by or on behalf of the Indemnified Person and shall survive the transfer of the Registrable Securities by the Investors pursuant to Section 9. Exhibit B-8 b. In connection with any Registration Statement in which an Investor is participating, each such Investor agrees to severally and not jointly indemnify, hold harmless and defend, to the same extent and in the same manner as is set forth in Section 6(a), the Company, each of its directors, each of its officers who signs the Registration Statement and each Person, if any, who controls the Company within the meaning of the 1933 Act or the 1934 Act (each, an “ Indemnified Party”), against any Claim or Indemnified Damages to which any of them may become subject, under the 1933 Act, the 1934 Act or otherwise, insofar as such Claim or Indemnified Damages arise out of or are based upon any “Violation”, in each case to the extent, and only to the extent, that such Violation occurs in reliance upon and in conformity with written information furnished to the Company by such Investor expressly for use in connection with such Registration Statement; and, subject to Section 6(c), such Investor will reimburse any legal or other expenses reasonably incurred by an Indemnified Party in connection with investigating or defending any such Claim; provided, however, that the indemnity agreement contained in this Section 6(b) and the agreement with respect to contribution contained in Section 7 shall not apply to amounts paid in settlement of any Claim if such settlement is effected without the prior written consent of such Investor, which consent shall not be unreasonably withheld or delayed; provided, further, however, that the Investor shall be liable under this Section 6(b) for only that amount of a Claim or Indemnified Damages as does not exceed the net proceeds to such Investor as a result of the sale of Registrable Securities pursuant to such Registration Statement. Such indemnity shall remain in full force and effect regardless of any investigation made by or on behalf of such Indemnified Party and shall survive the transfer of the Registrable Securities by the Investors pursuant to Section 9. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained herein, the indemnification agreement contained in this Section 6(b) with respect to any preliminary prospectus shall not inure to the benefit of any Indemnified Party if the untrue statement or omission of material fact contained in the preliminary prospectus was corrected on a timely basis in the prospectus, as then amended or supplemented. Exhibit B-9 c. Promptly after receipt by an Indemnified Person or Indemnified Party under this Section 6 of notice of the commencement of any action or proceeding (including any governmental action or proceeding) involving a Claim, such Indemnified Person or Indemnified Party shall, if a Claim in respect thereof is to be made against any indemnifying party under this Section 6, deliver to the indemnifying party a written notice of the commencement thereof, and the indemnifying party shall have the right to participate in, and, to the extent the indemnifying party so desires, jointly with any other indemnifying party similarly noticed, to assume control of the defense thereof with counsel mutually satisfactory to the indemnifying party and the Indemnified Person or the Indemnified Party, as the case may be; provided, however, that an Indemnified Person or Indemnified Party shall have the right to retain its own counsel with the fees and expenses of not more than one counsel for such Indemnified Person or Indemnified Party to be paid by the indemnifying party, if, in the reasonable opinion of counsel retained by the indemnifying party, the representation by such counsel of the Indemnified Person or Indemnified Party and the indemnifying party would be inappropriate due to actual or potential differing interests between such Indemnified Person or Indemnified Party and any other party represented by such counsel in such proceeding. In the case of an Indemnified Person, legal counsel referred to in the immediately preceding sentence shall be selected by the Investors holding at least a majority in interest of the Registrable Securities included in the Registration Statement to which the Claim relates. The Indemnified Party or Indemnified Person shall cooperate fully with the indemnifying party in connection with any negotiation or defense of any such action or Claim by the indemnifying party and shall furnish to the indemnifying party all information reasonably available to the Indemnified Party or Indemnified Person which relates to such action or Claim. The indemnifying party shall keep the Indemnified Party or Indemnified Person reasonably apprised at all times as to the status of the defense or any settlement negotiations with respect thereto. No indemnifying party shall be liable for any settlement of any action, claim or proceeding effected without its prior written consent, provided, however, that the indemnifying party shall not unreasonably withhold, delay or condition its consent. No indemnifying party shall, without the prior written consent of the Indemnified Party or Indemnified Person, consent to entry of any judgment or enter into any settlement or other compromise which does not include as an unconditional term thereof the giving by the claimant or plaintiff to such Indemnified Party or Indemnified Person of a release from all liability in respect to such Claim or litigation, and such settlement shall not include any admission as to fault on the part of the Indemnified Party. Following indemnification as provided for hereunder, the indemnifying party shall be subrogated to all rights of the Indemnified Party or Indemnified Person with respect to all third parties, firms or corporations relating to the matter for which indemnification has been made. The failure to deliver written notice to the indemnifying party within a reasonable time of the commencement of any such action shall not relieve such indemnifying party of any liability to the Indemnified Person or Indemnified Party under this Section 6, except to the extent that the indemnifying party is prejudiced in its ability to defend such action. or defense, as and when bills are received or Indemnified Damages are incurred. d. The indemnification required by this Section 6 shall be made by periodic payments of the amount thereof during the course of the investigation Person against the indemnifying party or others, and (ii) any liabilities the indemnifying party may be subject to pursuant to the law. e. The indemnity agreements contained herein shall be in addition to (i) any cause of action or similar right of the Indemnified Party or Indemnified 7. Contribution. To the extent any indemnification by an indemnifying party is prohibited or limited by law, the indemnifying party agrees to make the maximum contribution with respect to any amounts for which it would otherwise be liable under Section 6 to the fullest extent permitted by law; provided, however, that: (i) no Person involved in the sale of Registrable Securities which Person is guilty of fraudulent misrepresentation (within the meaning of Section 11(f) of the 1933 Act) in connection with such sale shall be entitled to contribution from any Person involved in such sale of Registrable Securities who was not guilty of fraudulent misrepresentation; and (ii) contribution by any seller of Registrable Securities shall be limited in amount to the net amount of proceeds received by such seller from the sale of such Registrable Securities pursuant to such Registration Statement. Exhibit B-10 8. Reports Under the 1934 Act. may at any time permit the Investors to sell securities of the Company to the public without registration (“Rule 144”), the Company agrees to: With a view to making available to the Investors the benefits of Rule 144 promulgated under the 1933 Act or any other similar rule or regulation of the SEC that a. make and keep public information available, as those terms are understood and defined in Rule 144; the Company remains subject to such requirements and the filing of such reports and other documents is required for the applicable provisions of Rule 144; and b. file with the SEC in a timely manner all reports and other documents required of the Company under the 1933 Act and the 1934 Act so long as c. furnish to each Investor so long as such Investor owns Registrable Securities, promptly upon request, (i) a written statement by the Company, if true, that it has complied with the reporting requirements of Rule 144, the 1933 Act and the 1934 Act, (ii) a copy of the most recent annual or quarterly report of the Company and such other reports and documents so filed by the Company, and (iii) such other information as may be reasonably requested to permit the Investors to sell such securities pursuant to Rule 144 without registration. 9. Assignment of Registration Rights. The rights under this Agreement shall be automatically assignable by the Investors to any transferee of all or any portion of such Investor’s Registrable Securities if: (i) the Investor agrees in writing with the transferee or assignee to assign such rights, and a copy of such agreement is furnished to the Company within a reasonable time after such assignment; (ii) the Company is, within a reasonable time after such transfer or assignment, furnished with written notice of (a) the name and address of such transferee or assignee, and (b) the securities with respect to which such registration rights are being transferred or assigned; (iii) immediately following such transfer or assignment the further disposition of such securities by the transferee or assignee is restricted under the 1933 Act or applicable state securities laws; (iv) at or before the time the Company receives the written notice contemplated by clause (ii) of this sentence the transferee or assignee agrees in writing with the Company to be bound by all of the provisions contained herein; and (v) such transfer shall have been made in accordance with the applicable requirements of the Securities Purchase Agreement. 10. Amendment of Registration Rights. Provisions of this Agreement may be amended and the observance thereof may be waived (either generally or in a particular instance and either retroactively or prospectively), only with the written consent of the Company and the Required Holders. Any amendment or waiver effected in accordance with this Section 10 shall be binding upon each Investor and the Company. No such amendment shall be effective to the extent that it applies to less than all of the holders of the Registrable Securities. No consideration shall be offered or paid to any Person to amend or consent to a waiver or modification of any provision of any of this Agreement unless the same consideration also is offered to all of the parties to this Agreement. Exhibit B-11 11. Miscellaneous. a. A Person is deemed to be a holder of Registrable Securities whenever such Person owns or is deemed to own of record such Registrable Securities. If the Company receives conflicting instructions, notices or elections from two or more Persons with respect to the same Registrable Securities, the Company shall act upon the basis of instructions, notice or election received from the such record owner of such Registrable Securities. b. Any notices, consents, waivers or other communications required or permitted to be given under the terms of this Agreement must be in writing and will be deemed to have been delivered: (i) upon receipt, when delivered personally; (ii) upon receipt, when sent by facsimile (provided confirmation of transmission is mechanically or electronically generated and kept on file by the sending party); or (iii) one (1) Business Day after deposit with a nationally recognized overnight delivery service, in each case properly addressed to the party to receive the same. The addresses and facsimile numbers for such communications shall be: If to the Company: Applied DNA Sciences, Inc. 50 Health Sciences Drive, Suite 113 Stony Brook, New York 11790 Telephone: (631) 240-8800 Attention: Chief Financial Officer With copies to: Pepper Hamilton LLP 620 Eighth Avenue, 37th Floor New York, NY 10018 Telephone: (212) 808-2711 Facsimile: (212) 658-9982 Attention: Merrill Kraines, Esq. If to a Buyer, to its address and facsimile number set forth on the Schedule of Buyers attached hereto, with copies to such Buyer’s representatives as set forth on the Schedule of Buyers, or to such other address and/or facsimile number and/or to the attention of such other Person as the recipient party has specified by written notice given to each other party five (5) days prior to the effectiveness of such change. Written confirmation of receipt (A) given by the recipient of such notice, consent, waiver or other communication, (B) mechanically or electronically generated by the sender’s facsimile machine containing the time, date, recipient facsimile number and an image of the first page of such transmission or (C) provided by a courier or overnight courier service shall be rebuttable evidence of personal service, receipt by facsimile or receipt from a nationally recognized overnight delivery service in accordance with clause (i), (ii) or (iii) above, respectively. Exhibit B-12 shall not operate as a waiver thereof. c. Failure of any party to exercise any right or remedy under this Agreement or otherwise, or delay by a party in exercising such right or remedy, d. All questions concerning the construction, validity, enforcement and interpretation of this Agreement shall be governed by the internal laws of the State of New York, without giving effect to any choice of law or conflict of law provision or rule (whether of the State of New York or any other jurisdictions) that would cause the application of the laws of any jurisdictions other than the State of New York. Each party hereby irrevocably submits to the exclusive jurisdiction of the state and federal courts sitting in The City of New York, Borough of Manhattan, for the adjudication of any dispute hereunder or in connection herewith or with any transaction contemplated hereby or discussed herein, and hereby irrevocably waives, and agrees not to assert in any suit, action or proceeding, any claim that it is not personally subject to the jurisdiction of any such court, that such suit, action or proceeding is brought in an inconvenient forum or that the venue of such suit, action or proceeding is improper. Each party hereby irrevocably waives personal service of process and consents to process being served in any such suit, action or proceeding by mailing a copy thereof to such party at the address for such notices to it under this Agreement and agrees that such service shall constitute good and sufficient service of process and notice thereof. Nothing contained herein shall be deemed to limit in any way any right to serve process in any manner permitted by law. If any provision of this Agreement shall be invalid or unenforceable in any jurisdiction, such invalidity or unenforceability shall not affect the validity or enforceability of the remainder of this Agreement in that jurisdiction or the validity or enforceability of any provision of this Agreement in any other jurisdiction. EACH PARTY HEREBY IRREVOCABLY WAIVES ANY RIGHT IT MAY HAVE, AND AGREES NOT TO REQUEST, A JURY TRIAL FOR THE ADJUDICATION OF ANY DISPUTE HEREUNDER OR IN CONNECTION HEREWITH OR ARISING OUT OF THIS AGREEMENT OR ANY TRANSACTION CONTEMPLATED HEREBY. e. This Agreement, the other Transaction Documents (as defined in the Securities Purchase Agreement) and the instruments referenced herein and therein constitute the entire agreement among the parties hereto with respect to the subject matter hereof and thereof. There are no restrictions, promises, warranties or undertakings, other than those set forth or referred to herein and therein. This Agreement, the other Transaction Documents and the instruments referenced herein and therein supersede all prior agreements and understandings among the parties hereto with respect to the subject matter hereof and thereof. of each of the parties hereto. f. Subject to the requirements of Section 9, this Agreement shall inure to the benefit of and be binding upon the permitted successors and assigns g. The headings in this Agreement are for convenience of reference only and shall not limit or otherwise affect the meaning hereof. h. This Agreement may be executed in identical counterparts, each of which shall be deemed an original but all of which shall constitute one and the same agreement. This Agreement, once executed by a party, may be delivered to the other party hereto by facsimile transmission of a copy of this Agreement bearing the signature of the party so delivering this Agreement. Exhibit B-13 i. Each party shall do and perform, or cause to be done and performed, all such further acts and things, and shall execute and deliver all such other agreements, certificates, instruments and documents, as any other party may reasonably request in order to carry out the intent and accomplish the purposes of this Agreement and the consummation of the transactions contemplated hereby. specified in this Agreement, by the Required Holders. j. All consents and other determinations required to be made by the Investors pursuant to this Agreement shall be made, unless otherwise strict construction will be applied against any party. k. The language used in this Agreement will be deemed to be the language chosen by the parties to express their mutual intent and no rules of of, nor may any provision hereof be enforced by, any other Person. l. This Agreement is intended for the benefit of the parties hereto and their respective permitted successors and assigns, and is not for the benefit m. The obligations of each Investor hereunder are several and not joint with the obligations of any other Investor, and no provision of this Agreement is intended to confer any obligations on any Investor vis-à-vis any other Investor. Nothing contained herein, and no action taken by any Investor pursuant hereto, shall be deemed to constitute the Investors as a partnership, an association, a joint venture or any other kind of entity, or create a presumption that the Investors are in any way acting in concert or as a group with respect to such obligations or the transactions contemplated herein. [Signature Page Follows] Exhibit B-14 IN WITNESS WHEREOF, each Buyer and the Company have caused their respective signature page to this Registration Rights Agreement to be duly executed as of the date first written above. COMPANY: APPLIED DNA SCIENCES, INC. By: Name: Beth Jantzen Title: Chief Financial Officer Exhibit B-15 IN WITNESS WHEREOF, each Buyer and the Company have caused their respective signature page to this Registration Rights Agreement to be duly executed as of the date first written above. [BUYERS]: By: Name: Title: Exhibit B-16 Buyer SCHEDULE OF BUYERS Buyer’s Address and Facsimile Number Exhibit B-17 Buyer’s Representative’s Address and Facsimile Number FORM OF NOTICE OF EFFECTIVENESS OF REGISTRATION STATEMENT American Stock Transfer and Trust Company Operations Center 6201 15th Ave., Third Floor Brooklyn, New York 11219 Telephone: (718) 921-8210 Attention: [●] Re: APPLIED DNA SCIENCES, INC. Ladies and Gentlemen: We are counsel to Applied DNA Sciences, Inc., a Delaware corporation (the “ Company”), and have represented the Company in connection with that certain Securities Purchase Agreement, dated as of [●], 2018 (the “Securities Purchase Agreement”), entered into by and among the Company and the buyers named therein (collectively, the “Holders”) pursuant to which the Company issued to the Holders secured convertible notes (the “Notes”) which are convertible into the Company’s common stock, $0.001 par value per share (the “Common Stock”). Pursuant to the Securities Purchase Agreement, the Company also has entered into a Registration Rights Agreement with the Holders (the “ Registration Rights Agreement”) pursuant to which the Company agreed, among other things, to register the resale of the Registrable Securities (as defined in the Registration Rights Agreement), including the shares of Common Stock issuable upon conversion of the Notes under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “1933 Act”). In connection with the Company’s obligations under the Registration Rights Agreement, on _______, 201_, the Company filed a Registration Statement on Form S-1 (File No. 333-_____________) (the “Registration Statement”) with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) relating to the Registrable Securities which names each of the Holders as a selling shareholder thereunder. In connection with the foregoing, we advise you that the SEC has entered an order declaring the Registration Statement effective under the 1933 Act at [ENTER TIME OF EFFECTIVENESS] on [ENTER DATE OF EFFECTIVENESS] and we have no knowledge, based upon our review of the list of current stop orders available on the SEC’s website, that any stop order suspending its effectiveness has been issued or that any proceedings for that purpose are pending before, or threatened by, the SEC and the Registrable Securities are available for resale under the 1933 Act pursuant to the Registration Statement. Exhibit B-18 This letter shall serve as our standing instruction to you that the shares of Common Stock are freely transferable by the Holders pursuant to the Registration Statement. You need not require further letters from us to effect any future legend-free issuance or reissuance of shares of Common Stock to the Holders as contemplated by the Company’s Irrevocable Transfer Agent Instructions dated [●], 2018, provided at the time of such reissuance, the Company has not otherwise notified you that the Registration Statement is unavailable for the resale of the Registrable Securities. CC: [LIST NAMES OF HOLDERS] Very truly yours, [ISSUER’S COUNSEL] By: Exhibit B-19 SELLING STOCKHOLDERS The shares of common stock being offered by the selling shareholders are those issuable upon conversion of the secured convertible notes. We are registering the shares of common stock in order to permit the selling shareholders to. offer the shares for resale from time to time. [Except for the ownership of the secured convertible notes, the selling shareholders have not had any material relationship with us within the past three years.] The table below lists the selling shareholders and other information regarding the beneficial ownership of the shares of common stock by each of the selling shareholders. The second column lists the number of shares of common stock beneficially owned by each selling shareholder, based on its ownership of the shares of the secured convertible notes, as of ________, 2018, assuming conversion of all secured convertible notes held by the selling shareholders on that date, without regard to any limitations on conversions and/or redemptions of the secured convertible notes. The third column lists the shares of common stock being offered by this prospectus by the selling shareholders. The fourth column assumes the sale of all of the shares offered by the selling shareholders pursuant to this prospectus. Exhibit B-20 PLAN OF DISTRIBUTION We are registering the shares of common stock issuable upon conversion of the secured convertible notes to permit the resale of these shares of common stock by the holders of the secured convertible notes from time to time after the date of this prospectus. We will not receive any of the proceeds from the sale by the selling shareholders of the shares of common stock. We will bear all fees and expenses incident to our obligation to register the shares of common stock. The selling shareholders may sell all or a portion of the shares of common stock beneficially owned by them and offered hereby from time to time directly or through one or more underwriters, broker-dealers or agents. If the shares of common stock are sold through underwriters or broker-dealers, the selling shareholders will be responsible for underwriting discounts or commissions or agent’s commissions. The shares of common stock may be sold in one or more transactions at fixed prices, at prevailing market prices at the time of the sale, at varying prices determined at the time of sale, or at negotiated prices. These sales may be effected in transactions, which may involve crosses or block transactions, · · · · · · · · · · · on any national securities exchange or quotation service on which the securities may be listed or quoted at the time of sale; in the over-the-counter market; in transactions otherwise than on these exchanges or systems or in the over-the-counter market; through the writing of options, whether such options are listed on an options exchange or otherwise; ordinary brokerage transactions and transactions in which the broker-dealer solicits purchasers; block trades in which the broker-dealer will attempt to sell the shares as agent but may position and resell a portion of the block as principal to facilitate the transaction; purchases by a broker-dealer as principal and resale by the broker-dealer for its account; an exchange distribution in accordance with the rules of the applicable exchange; privately negotiated transactions; short sales; sales pursuant to Rule 144; Exhibit B-21 · · · broker-dealers may agree with the selling shareholders to sell a specified number of such shares at a stipulated price per share; a combination of any such methods of sale; and any other method permitted pursuant to applicable law. If the selling shareholders effect such transactions by selling shares of common stock to or through underwriters, broker-dealers or agents, such underwriters, broker-dealers or agents may receive commissions in the form of discounts, concessions or commissions from the selling shareholders or commissions from purchasers of the shares of common stock for whom they may act as agent or to whom they may sell as principal (which discounts, concessions or commissions as to particular underwriters, broker- dealers or agents may be in excess of those customary in the types of transactions involved). In connection with sales of the shares of common stock or otherwise, the selling shareholders may enter into hedging transactions with broker-dealers, which may in turn engage in short sales of the shares of common stock in the course of hedging in positions they assume. The selling shareholders may also sell shares of common stock short and deliver shares of common stock covered by this prospectus to close out short positions and to return borrowed shares in connection with such short sales. The selling shareholders may also loan or pledge shares of common stock to broker-dealers that in turn may sell such shares. The selling shareholders may pledge or grant a security interest in some or all of the secured convertible notes or shares of common stock owned by them and, if they default in the performance of their secured obligations, the pledgees or secured parties may offer and sell the shares of common stock from time to time pursuant to this prospectus or any amendment to this prospectus under Rule 424(b)(3) or other applicable provision of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, amending, if necessary, the list of selling shareholders to include the pledgee, transferee or other successors in interest as selling shareholders under this prospectus. The selling shareholders also may transfer and donate the shares of common stock in other circumstances in which case the transferees, donees, pledgees or other successors in interest will be the selling beneficial owners for purposes of this prospectus. The selling shareholders and any broker-dealer participating in the distribution of the shares of common stock may be deemed to be “underwriters” within the meaning of the Securities Act, and any commission paid, or any discounts or concessions allowed to, any such broker-dealer may be deemed to be underwriting commissions or discounts under the Securities Act. At the time a particular offering of the shares of common stock is made, a prospectus supplement, if required, will be distributed which will set forth the aggregate amount of shares of common stock being offered and the terms of the offering, including the name or names of any broker-dealers or agents, any discounts, commissions and other terms constituting compensation from the selling shareholders and any discounts, commissions or concessions allowed or reallowed or paid to broker- dealers. Under the securities laws of some states, the shares of common stock may be sold in such states only through registered or licensed brokers or dealers. In addition, in some states the shares of common stock may not be sold unless such shares have been registered or qualified for sale in such state or an exemption from registration or qualification is available and is complied with. Exhibit B-22 of which this prospectus forms a part. There can be no assurance that any selling shareholder will sell any or all of the shares of common stock registered pursuant to the shelf registration statement, The selling shareholders and any other person participating in such distribution will be subject to applicable provisions of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and the rules and regulations thereunder, including, without limitation, Regulation M of the Exchange Act, which may limit the timing of purchases and sales of any of the shares of common stock by the selling shareholders and any other participating person. Regulation M may also restrict the ability of any person engaged in the distribution of the shares of common stock to engage in market-making activities with respect to the shares of common stock. All of the foregoing may affect the marketability of the shares of common stock and the ability of any person or entity to engage in market-making activities with respect to the shares of common stock. We will pay all expenses of the registration of the shares of common stock pursuant to the registration rights agreement, estimated to be $[_______] in total, including, without limitation, Securities and Exchange Commission filing fees and expenses of compliance with state securities or “blue sky” laws; provided, however, that a selling shareholder will pay all underwriting discounts and selling commissions, if any. We will indemnify the selling shareholders against liabilities, including some liabilities under the Securities Act, in accordance with the registration rights agreements, or the selling shareholders will be entitled to contribution. We may be indemnified by the selling shareholders against civil liabilities, including liabilities under the Securities Act, that may arise from any written information furnished to us by the selling shareholder specifically for use in this prospectus, in accordance with the related registration rights agreement, or we may be entitled to contribution. persons other than our affiliates. Once sold under the shelf registration statement, of which this prospectus forms a part, the shares of common stock will be freely tradable in the hands of Exhibit B-23 Exhibit C Form of Security Agreement of the Company FORM OF SECURITY AGREEMENT dated ____________, 2018 by the Grantor referred to herein as Grantor to Delaware Trust Company as Collateral Agent TABLE OF CONTENTS PAGE Section 1. Section 2. Section 3. Section 4. Section 5. Section 6. Section 7. Section 8. Section 9. Section 10. Section 11. Section 12. Section 13. Section 14. Section 15. Section 16. Section 17. Section 18. Section 19. Section 20. Section 21. Section 22. Section 23. Grant of Security Security for Obligations Grantor Remains Liable Delivery and Control of Security Collateral Maintaining the Account Collateral Representations and Warranties Further Assurances As to Equipment and Inventory As to Books and Records Insurance Post-Closing Changes; Collections on Assigned Agreements, Receivables and Related Contracts As to Intellectual Property Collateral Voting Rights; Dividends; Etc. As to Letter-of-Credit Rights Commercial Tort Claims Transfers and Other Liens; Additional Shares Collateral Agent Appointed Attorney in Fact Collateral Agent May Perform The Collateral Agent’s Duties Remedies Indemnity and Expenses Amendments; Waivers; Additional Grantors; Etc. Notices, Etc. 2 2 5 6 6 7 7 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 15 15 15 16 16 17 19 19 20 Section 24. Section 25. Section 26. Section 27. Schedules: Schedule I Schedule II Schedule III Schedule IV Schedule V Schedule VI Schedule VII Schedule VIII Schedule IX Schedule X Schedule XI Exhibits: Exhibit A Exhibit B Continuing Security Interest Release; Termination. Execution in Counterparts Governing Law; Jurisdiction; Waiver of Jury Trial, Etc. 20 20 20 21 - - - - - - - - - - - - Investment Property Deposit Accounts Assigned Agreements Intellectual Property Commercial Tort Claims Location, Chief Executive Office, Type of Organization, Jurisdiction of Organization and Organizational Identification Number Changes in Name, Location, Etc. Locations of Equipment, Inventory and Books and Records Letters of Credit Permitted Liens Excluded Assets Form of Intellectual Property Security Agreement Form of IP Security Agreement Supplement 3 SECURITY AGREEMENT SECURITY AGREEMENT (as amended, supplemented, amended and restated or otherwise modified from time to time, this “Agreement”) dated _____________, 2018 made by APPLIED DNA SCIENCES, INC., a Delaware corporation with headquarters located at 50 Health Sciences Drive, Stony Brook, New York 11790 (the “ Grantor”), in favor of DELAWARE TRUST COMPANY, a Delaware corporation, as collateral agent (together with any successor collateral agent, in such capacity, the “ Collateral Agent”) for the benefit of the investors listed on the Schedule of Buyers (each a “Buyer” and collectively, the “Buyers”; the Buyers and the Collateral Agent are collectively, with their successors and assigns, the “Secured Parties”)) set forth in the Securities Purchase Agreement, dated as of August 31, 2018 (as amended, amended and restated, supplemented or otherwise modified from time to time) and the other Secured Parties (the “Securities Purchase Agreement”). PRELIMINARY STATEMENTS. WHEREAS, the Grantor and each Buyer are parties to the Securities Purchase Agreement, pursuant to which the Grantor shall be required to sell, and the Buyers shall purchase or have rights to purchase, on a several and not joint basis the principal amount of the Notes issued pursuant thereto (as such Notes may be amended, amended and restated, supplemented or otherwise modified from time to time, the “Notes”); and WHEREAS, it is a condition precedent to the Buyers purchasing the Notes pursuant to the Securities Purchase Agreement that the Grantor shall have executed and delivered to the Collateral Agent this Agreement providing for the grant to the Collateral Agent for the benefit of the Secured Parties of a security interest in all of the personal property of the Grantor to secure all of the Grantor’s Obligations (as defined below) under the Securities Purchase Agreement, the Notes and the other Transaction Documents; and WHEREAS, the Grantor, the Buyers and the Collateral Agent are parties to that certain Collateral Agency Agreement dated as of the date hereof (as amended, supplemented, amended and restated or otherwise modified from time to time, the “Collateral Agency Agreement”); and WHEREAS, capitalized terms used herein and not otherwise defined in this Agreement are used in this Agreement as defined in the Securities Purchase Agreement. Further, unless otherwise defined in this Agreement or in the Securities Purchase Agreement, terms defined in Article 8 or 9 of the UCC (as defined below) are used in this Agreement as such terms are defined in such Article 8 or 9. “UCC” means the Uniform Commercial Code as in effect from time to time in the State of New York; provided that, if perfection or the effect of perfection or non-perfection or the priority of the security interest in any Collateral is governed by the Uniform Commercial Code as in effect in a jurisdiction other than the State of New York, “UCC” means the Uniform Commercial Code as in effect from time to time in such other jurisdiction for purposes of the provisions hereof relating to such perfection, effect of perfection or non-perfection or priority. Grantor hereby agrees with the Collateral Agent for the ratable benefit of the Secured Parties as follows: NOW, THEREFORE, in consideration of the premises and in order to induce the Buyers to purchase the Notes under the Securities Purchase Agreement, the Section 1. Grant of Security. Grantor hereby grants to the Collateral Agent, for the ratable benefit of the Secured Parties, a security interest in all of Grantor’s tangible and intangible assets, whether real or personal property, now or hereafter acquired, including without limitation all of Grantor’s right, title and interest in and to the following (collectively, the “Collateral”): (a) all equipment in all of its forms, including, without limitation, all machinery, tools, motor vehicles, vessels, aircraft, furniture and fixtures, and all parts thereof and all accessions thereto, including, without limitation, computer programs and supporting information that constitute equipment within the meaning of the UCC (any and all such property being the “Equipment”); (b) all inventory in all of its forms, including, without limitation, (i) all raw materials, work in process, finished goods and materials used or consumed in the manufacture, production, preparation or shipping thereof, (ii) goods in which Grantor has an interest in mass or a joint or other interest or right of any kind (including, without limitation, goods in which Grantor has an interest or right as consignee) and (iii) goods that are returned to or repossessed or stopped in transit by Grantor), and all accessions thereto and products thereof and documents therefor, including, without limitation, computer programs and supporting information that constitute inventory within the meaning of the UCC (any and all such property being the “Inventory”); (c) all accounts (including, without limitation, health-care-insurance receivables), chattel paper (including, without limitation, tangible chattel paper and electronic chattel paper), instruments (including, without limitation, promissory notes), deposit accounts (other than Excluded Accounts (defined below)), letter-of-credit rights, general intangibles (including, without limitation, payment intangibles) and other Obligations of any kind, whether or not arising out of or in connection with the sale or lease of goods or the rendering of services and whether or not earned by performance, and all rights now or hereafter existing in and to all supporting Obligations and in and to all security agreements, mortgages, Liens, leases, letters of credit and other contracts securing or otherwise relating to the foregoing property (any and all of such accounts, chattel paper, instruments, deposit accounts, letter-of-credit rights, general intangibles and other Obligations, to the extent not referred to in clause (d), (e) or (f) below, being the “Receivables,” and any and all such supporting Obligations, security agreements, mortgages, Liens, leases, letters of credit and other contracts being the “Related Contracts”); (d) the following (the “Security Collateral”): (i) the all of the shares of capital stock of (or other ownership or profit interests in, including partnership, membership or trust interests) in any entity (“Equity Interests”) listed on Part I of Schedule I (Investment Property) hereto, and the certificates, if any, representing such additional shares or other Equity Interests, and all dividends, distributions, return of capital, cash, instruments and other property from time to time received, receivable or otherwise distributed in respect of or in exchange for any or all of such shares or other Equity Interests and all warrants, rights or options issued thereon or with respect thereto; Exhibit C-2 (ii) the indebtedness listed on Part II of Schedule I (Investment Property) hereto and all additional indebtedness now or from time to time owed to Grantor (such indebtedness being the “Pledged Debt”) and the instruments, if any, evidencing such indebtedness, and all interest, cash, instruments and other property from time to time received, receivable or otherwise distributed in respect of or in exchange for any or all of such indebtedness; and (iii) all other investment property (including, without limitation, all (A) securities, whether certificated or uncertificated, (B) security entitlements, (C) securities accounts, (D) commodity contracts and (E) commodity accounts) in which Grantor has now, or acquires from time to time hereafter, any right, title or interest in any manner, and the certificates or instruments, if any, representing or evidencing such investment property, and all dividends, distributions, return of capital, interest, cash, instruments and other property from time to time received, receivable or otherwise distributed in respect of or in exchange for any or all of such investment property and all warrants, rights or options issued thereon or with respect thereto; (e) each of the agreements listed on Schedule III (Assigned Agreements) attached hereto, in each case as such agreements may be amended, restated, amended and restated, supplemented or otherwise modified from time to time (collectively, the “Assigned Agreements ”), including, without limitation, (w) all rights of Grantor to receive moneys due and to become due under or pursuant to the Assigned Agreements, (x) all rights of Grantor to receive proceeds of any insurance, indemnity, warranty or guaranty with respect to the Assigned Agreements, (y) claims of Grantor for damages arising out of or for breach of or default under the Assigned Agreements and (z) the right of Grantor to terminate the Assigned Agreements, to perform thereunder and to compel performance and otherwise exercise all remedies thereunder (all such Collateral being the “Agreement Collateral”); (f) the following (collectively, the “Account Collateral”): thereto (including, without limitation, all cash equivalents), and all certificates and instruments, if any, from time to time representing or evidencing the Deposit Accounts; (i) the deposit accounts listed on Schedule II (Deposit Accounts) hereto and all funds and financial assets from time to time credited Collateral Agent for or on behalf of Grantor in substitution for or in addition to any or all of the then existing Account Collateral; and (ii) all promissory notes, certificates of deposit, checks and other instruments from time to time delivered to or otherwise possessed by the in respect of or in exchange for any or all of the then existing Account Collateral; (iii) all interest, dividends, distributions, cash, instruments and other property from time to time received, receivable or otherwise distributed Exhibit C-3 (g) the following (collectively, the “Intellectual Property Collateral”): improvements thereto (“Patents”); (i) all patents, patent applications, utility models and statutory invention registrations, all inventions claimed or disclosed therein and all (ii) all trademarks, service marks, domain names, trade dress, logos, designs, slogans, trade names, business names, corporate names and other source identifiers, whether registered or unregistered (provided that no security interest shall be granted in United States intent-to-use trademark applications to the extent that, and solely during the period in which, the grant of a security interest therein would impair the validity or enforceability of such intent-to-use trademark applications under applicable federal law), together, in each case, with the goodwill symbolized thereby (“Trademarks”); content thereof, whether registered or unregistered (“Copyrights”); (iii) all copyrights, including, without limitation, copyrights in Computer Software (as hereinafter defined), internet web sites and the (iv) all computer software, programs and databases (including, without limitation, source code, object code and all related applications and data files), firmware and documentation and materials relating thereto, together with any and all maintenance rights, service rights, programming rights, hosting rights, test rights, improvement rights, renewal rights and indemnification rights and any substitutions, replacements, improvements, error corrections, updates and new versions of any of the foregoing (“Computer Software”); (v) all confidential and proprietary information, including, without limitation, know-how, trade secrets, manufacturing and production processes and techniques, inventions, research and development information, databases and data, including, without limitation, technical data, financial, marketing and business data, pricing and cost information, business and marketing plans and customer and supplier lists and information (collectively, “Trade Secrets”), and all other intellectual, industrial and intangible property of any type, including, without limitation, industrial designs and mask works; (vi) all registrations and applications for registration for any of the foregoing, including, without limitation, those registrations and applications for registration set forth in Schedule IV (Intellectual Property) attached hereto, together with all reissues, divisions, continuations, continuations-in-part, extensions, renewals and reexaminations thereof; corresponding thereto throughout the world and all other rights of any kind whatsoever of Grantor accruing thereunder or pertaining thereto; (vii) all tangible embodiments of the foregoing, all rights in the foregoing provided by international treaties or conventions, all rights (viii) all agreements, permits, consents, orders and franchises relating to the license, development, use or disclosure of any of the foregoing to which Grantor, now or hereafter, is a party or a beneficiary, including, without limitation, the agreements set forth in Schedule IV (Intellectual Property) attached hereto, (“IP Agreements”); and Exhibit C-4 misuse or breach with respect to any of the foregoing, with the right, but not the obligation, to sue for and collect, or otherwise recover, such damages; (ix) any and all claims for damages and injunctive relief for past, present and future infringement, dilution, misappropriation, violation, which the Grantors have complied with the requirements of Section 15, the “Commercial Tort Claims Collateral”); (h) the commercial tort claims described in Schedule V (Commercial Tort Claims) attached hereto (together with any commercial tort claims as to Grantor pertaining to any of the Collateral; and (i) all books and records (including, without limitation, customer lists, credit files, printouts and other computer output materials and records) of (j) all proceeds of, collateral for, income, royalties and other payments now or hereafter due and payable with respect to, and supporting Obligations relating to, any and all of the Collateral (including, without limitation, proceeds, collateral and supporting Obligations that constitute property of the types described in clauses (a) through (i) of this Section 1) and, to the extent not otherwise included, all (A) payments under insurance (whether or not the Collateral Agent is the loss payee thereof), or any indemnity, warranty or guaranty, payable by reason of loss or damage to or otherwise with respect to any of the foregoing Collateral, and (B) cash; provided that the term “Collateral” shall at all times exclude all Excluded Assets. “Excluded Assets” means all assets listed on Schedule XI (Excluded Assets) attached hereto. Section 2. Security for Obligations. This Agreement and the Collateral granted hereunder secures, in the case of Grantor, the payment of all Obligations now or hereafter existing, whether direct or indirect, absolute or contingent, and whether for principal, reimbursement Obligations, interest, fees, premiums, penalties, indemnifications, contract causes of action, costs, expenses or otherwise (all such Obligations, the “Secured Obligations”). Without limiting the generality of the foregoing, this Agreement secures the payment of all amounts that constitute part of the Secured Obligations and would be owed by Grantor to any Secured Party under the Transaction Documents but for the fact that they are unenforceable or not allowable due to the existence of a bankruptcy, reorganization or similar proceeding involving the Grantor. The term “ Obligations” shall mean for so long as the Notes are outstanding the payment by the Company, as and when due and payable (by scheduled maturity, required prepayment, acceleration, demand or otherwise), of all amounts from time to time owing by it in respect of the Securities Purchase Agreement, the Notes, the Collateral Agency Agreement and the other Transaction Documents, including, without limitation, (A) all principal of and interest on the Notes (including, without limitation, all interest that accrues after the commencement of any insolvency proceeding of the Grantor, whether or not the payment of such interest is unenforceable or is not allowable due to the existence of such insolvency proceeding), and (B) all fees, commissions, expense reimbursements, indemnifications and all other amounts due or to become due under any of the Transaction Documents. Exhibit C-5 Section 3. Grantor Remains Liable. Anything herein to the contrary notwithstanding, (a) Grantor shall remain liable under the contracts and agreements included in the Collateral to the extent set forth therein to perform all of its duties and Obligations thereunder to the same extent as if this Agreement had not been executed, (b) the exercise by the Collateral Agent of any of the rights hereunder shall not release Grantor from any of its duties or Obligations under the contracts and agreements included in the Collateral and (c) no Secured Party shall have any obligation or liability under the contracts and agreements included in the Collateral by reason of this Agreement or any other Transaction Document, nor shall any Secured Party be obligated to perform any of the Secured Obligations or duties of any Grantor thereunder or to take any action to collect or enforce any claim for payment assigned hereunder. Section 4. Delivery and Control of Security Collateral. (a) All certificates or instruments representing or evidencing Security Collateral shall be delivered to and held by or on behalf of the Collateral Agent pursuant hereto and shall be in suitable form for transfer by delivery, or shall be accompanied by duly executed instruments of transfer or assignment in blank, all in form and substance reasonably satisfactory to the Secured Parties. The Collateral Agent shall have the right at any time to exchange certificates or instruments representing or evidencing Security Collateral for certificates or instruments of smaller or larger denominations. (b) With respect to any Security Collateral that constitutes an uncertificated security, the Grantor will cause the issuer either (i) to register the Collateral Agent as the registered owner of such security or (ii) to agree with Grantor and the Collateral Agent that such issuer will comply with instructions with respect to such security originated by the Collateral Agent without further consent of Grantor, such agreement to be in form and substance reasonably satisfactory to the Secured Parties (such agreement being an “Uncertificated Security Control Agreement”). (c) With respect to any Security Collateral that constitutes a security entitlement as to which the financial institution acting as Collateral Agent hereunder is not the securities intermediary, Grantor will cause the securities intermediary with respect to such security entitlement either (i) to identify in its records the Collateral Agent as the entitlement holder thereof or (ii) to agree with Grantor and the Collateral Agent that such securities intermediary will comply with entitlement orders originated by the Collateral Agent without further consent of Grantor, such agreement to be in form and substance reasonably satisfactory to the Secured Parties (a “ Securities Account Control Agreement”). (d) The Collateral Agent shall have the right, at any time and without notice to any Grantor, to endorse, assign or otherwise transfer to or to register in the name of the Collateral Agent or any of its nominees or endorse for negotiation any or all of the Security Collateral, without any indication that such Security Collateral is subject to the security interest hereunder, subject only to the revocable rights specified in Section 13(a). Collateral is subject to the security interest granted hereunder. (e) Upon the request of the Collateral Agent, Grantor will notify each issuer of Security Collateral granted by it hereunder that such Security Exhibit C-6 Section 5. Maintaining the Account Collateral. So long as the Secured Obligations remain outstanding and unpaid: (a) Grantor will maintain deposit accounts only with a bank or other depository institution (a “Pledged Account Bank”) that has agreed (or will agree) with Grantor and the Collateral Agent to comply with instructions originated by the Collateral Agent directing the disposition of funds in such deposit account without the further consent of Grantor, such agreement to be in form and substance reasonably satisfactory to the Secured Parties (a “Deposit Account Control Agreement ”). As a condition to the establishment and maintenance of deposit accounts with any such bank or other depository institution, Grantor shall have entered into a Deposit Account Control Agreement with such Pledged Account Bank, except with respect to Excluded Accounts (defined below). Deposit Accounts, to satisfy the Secured Obligations under the Transaction Documents only if an Event of Default shall have occurred and be continuing. (b) The Collateral Agent may, without notice to, or consent from, Grantor, give such instructions, transfer, or direct the transfer of, funds from the payroll, bonuses, other compensation and related expenses and (b) any accounts held outside of the United States of America. (c) For the purposes hereof, “Excluded Accounts” means (a) any deposit account that is used solely for escrow, tax, tax withholding, payment of Section 6. Representations and Warranties. Grantor represents and warrants as follows: (a) As of the Effective Date, Grantor’s exact legal name, location of chief executive office, type of organization, jurisdiction of organization and organizational identification number (if any) are set forth in Schedule VI (Location, Chief Executive Office, Type of Organization, Jurisdiction of Organization and Organizational Identification Number); attached hereto. Grantor has no trade names other than as listed on Schedule VI (Location, Chief Executive Office, Type of Organization, Jurisdiction of Organization and Organizational Identification Number) attached hereto. Within the five years preceding the Effective Date, Grantor has not changed its name, location of its chief executive office, type of organization, jurisdiction of organization or organizational identification number from those set forth in Schedule VI (Location, Chief Executive Office, Type of Organization, Jurisdiction of Organization and Organizational Identification Number) attached hereto except as set forth in Schedule VII (Changes in Name, Location, Etc.) attached hereto. (b) Grantor is the legal and beneficial owner of the Collateral granted or purported to be granted by it free and clear of any Lien, claim, option or right of others, except for the security interest created under this Agreement or permitted hereunder and listed on Schedule X (Permitted Liens). No effective financing statement or other instrument similar in effect covering all or any part of such Collateral or listing Grantor or any trade name of Grantor as debtor is on file in any recording office, except such as may have been filed in favor of the Collateral Agent relating to the Transaction Documents or as otherwise permitted under the Securities Purchase Agreement. Exhibit C-7 (c) All of the Equipment and Inventory of Grantor is located at the places specified therefor in Schedule VIII (Locations of Equipment, Inventory and Books and Records) attached hereto or at another location as to which Grantor has complied with the requirements of Section 8(a). Grantor has exclusive possession and control of its Equipment and Inventory. (d) All books and records related to the Collateral are located at the places specified therefor in Schedule VIII (Locations of Equipment, Inventory and Books and Records) attached hereto. Grantor agrees to obtain a lien waiver and access agreement in favor of the Collateral Agent, in form and substance reasonably satisfactory to the Secured Parties, with respect to each location in which any books and records are stored. Grantor further agrees to deliver a fully-executed copy of such lien waiver and access agreement to the Collateral Agent prior to the delivery of such books and records to any other location. Collateral Agent. (e) None of the Receivables or Agreement Collateral is evidenced by a promissory note or other instrument that has not been delivered to the (f) If Grantor is an issuer of Security Collateral, Grantor confirms that it has received notice of the security interest granted hereunder. (g) The Pledged Equity pledged by Grantor hereunder (if any) has been duly authorized and validly issued and is fully paid and non-assessable. The Pledged Debt issued by Grantor and pledged by another Grantor hereunder has been duly authorized, authenticated or issued and delivered, is the valid and legally binding obligation of the issuers thereof and is evidenced by one or more promissory notes (which promissory notes have been delivered to the Collateral Agent). (h) The Pledged Equity pledged by Grantor constitutes the percentage of the issued and outstanding Equity Interests of the issuers thereof indicated on Part I of Schedule I (Investment Property) attached hereto. The Pledged Debt constitutes all of the outstanding indebtedness owed to Grantor by the issuers thereof and is outstanding in the principal amount indicated, Part II of Schedule I (Investment Property) attached hereto, as of the date hereof and is not in default. Property). (i) Grantor has no investment property, other than the investment property listed on Schedule I (Pledged Equity; Pledged Debt; Investment (j) Grantor shall use best efforts to deliver to the Collateral Agent a consent in form and substance reasonably satisfactory to the Secured Parties from each party to the Assigned Agreements to which the Borrower is a party to the grant of a security interest in such Assigned Agreement pursuant to this Agreement (which by its terms does not require any such consent or for which a consent was previously obtained). and additional deposit accounts as to which Grantor has complied (or as the case may be, will comply) with the applicable requirements of Section 5. (k) Grantor has no deposit accounts other than the Deposit Accounts listed on Schedule II (Deposit Accounts) attached hereto, Excluded Accounts Exhibit C-8 attached hereto and additional letters of credit as to which Grantor has complied with the requirements of Section 14. (l) Grantor is not a beneficiary or assignee under any letter of credit, other than the letters of credit described in Schedule IX (Letters of Credit) (m) This Agreement creates in favor of the Collateral Agent for the benefit of the Secured Parties a valid first priority security interest in the Collateral granted by Grantor, securing the payment of the Secured Obligations; such security interest is subject in priority only to the Permitted Liens and the recording of all filings and other actions (including, without limitation, (A) actions necessary to obtain control of Collateral as provided in Sections 9-104, 9-105, 9-106 and 9-107 of the UCC and (B) actions necessary to perfect the Collateral Agent’s security interest with respect to Collateral evidenced by a certificate of title) necessary to perfect the security interest in the Collateral granted by Grantor have been duly made or taken and are in full force and effect on and after the date hereof. (n) No authorization or approval or other action by, and no notice to or filing with, any governmental authority or regulatory body or any other third party is required for (i) the grant by Grantor of the security interest granted hereunder or for the execution, delivery or performance of this Agreement by Grantor, (ii) the perfection or maintenance of the security interest created hereunder (including the first priority nature of such security interest), except for the filing of financing and continuation statements under the UCC, which financing statements shall have been duly filed within 45 days of the Closing, as defined in the Securities Purchase Agreement and, upon filing, shall be in full force and effect, the recordation of the Intellectual Property Security Agreements referred to in Section 12(c) with the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office and the U.S. Copyright Office, and the actions described in Section 4 with respect to the Security Collateral, which actions have been taken and are in full force and effect, or (iii) the exercise by the Collateral Agent of its voting or other rights provided for in this Agreement or the remedies in respect of the Collateral pursuant to this Agreement, except as may be required in connection with the disposition of any portion of the Security Collateral by laws affecting the offering and sale of securities generally. (o) The Inventory that has been produced or distributed by Grantor has been produced in material compliance with all requirements of applicable law. (p) As to itself and its Intellectual Property Collateral: (i) The operation of Grantor’s business as currently conducted or as contemplated to be conducted and the use of the Intellectual Property Collateral in connection therewith, to the best of Grantor’s knowledge, do not conflict with, infringe, misappropriate, dilute, misuse or otherwise violate the intellectual property rights of any third party. Intellectual Property Collateral subject only to the terms of the IP Agreements. (ii) Grantor is the exclusive owner of all right, title and interest in and to the Intellectual Property Collateral, and is entitled to use all Exhibit C-9 applications, domain names, trademark registrations and applications, copyright registrations and applications and IP Agreements owned by Grantor as of the date hereof. (iii) The Intellectual Property Collateral set forth on Schedule IV (Intellectual Property) attached hereto includes all of the patents, patent (iv) The Intellectual Property Collateral is subsisting and has not been adjudged invalid or unenforceable in whole or in part, and to the best of Grantor’s knowledge, is valid and enforceable. Grantor is not aware of any uses of any item of Intellectual Property Collateral that could be expected to lead to such item becoming invalid or unenforceable. any of the Intellectual Property Collateral. (v) The consummation of the transactions contemplated by the Transaction Documents will not result in the termination or impairment of commercial tort claims as to which Grantor has complied with the requirements of Section 15. (q) Grantor has no commercial tort claims other than those listed in Schedule V (Commercial Tort Claims) attached hereto and additional Section 7. Further Assurances. (a) Grantor agrees that from time to time, at the expense of Grantor, Grantor will promptly execute and deliver, or otherwise authenticate, all further instruments and documents, and take all further action that may be necessary or desirable, or that the Collateral Agent may request, in order to perfect and protect any pledge or security interest granted or purported to be granted by Grantor hereunder or to enable the Collateral Agent to exercise and enforce its rights and remedies hereunder with respect to any Collateral of Grantor. Without limiting the generality of the foregoing, Grantor will promptly with respect to Collateral of Grantor: (i) mark conspicuously each document included in Inventory, each chattel paper included in Receivables, each Related Contract and, at the request of the Collateral Agent, each of its records pertaining to such Collateral with a legend, in form and substance reasonably satisfactory to the Secured Parties, indicating that such document, chattel paper, Related Contract, Assigned Agreement or Collateral is subject to the security interest granted hereby; (ii) if any such Collateral shall be evidenced by a certificate, promissory note or other instrument or chattel paper, deliver and pledge to the Collateral Agent hereunder such certificate, note or instrument or chattel paper duly indorsed and accompanied by duly executed instruments of transfer or assignment, all in form and substance reasonably satisfactory to the Secured Parties; (iii) file such financing or continuation statements, or amendments thereto, and such other instruments or notices, as may be necessary or desirable, or as the Collateral Agent may request, in order to perfect and preserve the security interest granted or purported to be granted by Grantor hereunder; (iv) take all action to ensure that the Collateral Agent’s security interest is noted on any certificate of title related to any Collateral evidenced by a certificate of title; (v) to cause the relevant depository institutions, banks, financial intermediaries, securities intermediaries and issuers to execute and deliver such Deposit Account Control Agreements, Uncertificated Security Control Agreements, Securities Account Control Agreements and other control agreements, as may be necessary or as the Collateral Agent may from time to time require; and (vi) deliver to the Collateral Agent evidence that all other actions that the Collateral Agent may deem reasonably necessary or desirable in order to perfect and protect the security interest granted or purported to be granted by Grantor under this Agreement has been taken. Exhibit C-10 (b) Grantor hereby authorizes the Secured Parties to file one or more financing or continuation statements, and amendments thereto, including, without limitation, one or more financing statements indicating that such financing statements cover all assets or all personal property (or words of similar effect) of Grantor, regardless of whether any particular asset described in such financing statements falls within the scope of the UCC or the granting clause of this Agreement. A photocopy or other reproduction of this Agreement shall be sufficient as a financing statement where permitted by law. Grantor ratifies its authorization for the Secured Parties to have filed such financing statements, continuation statements or amendments filed prior to the date hereof. Grantor and such other reports in connection with such Collateral as the Secured Parties may reasonably request, all in reasonable detail. (c) Grantor will furnish to the Collateral Agent from time to time statements and schedules further identifying and describing the Collateral of Section 8. As to Equipment and Inventory. (a) Grantor will keep its Equipment and Inventory (other than Inventory sold in the ordinary course of business and Equipment and Inventory in transit in the ordinary course of business) at the places therefor specified in Section 6(c) or, upon ten (10) Business Days’ prior written notice to the Collateral Agent, at such other places designated by Grantor in such notice which shall be an approved warehouse as to which a lien waiver and access agreement has been obtained in favor of and delivered to the Collateral Agent, in form and substance reasonably satisfactory to the Secured Parties. (b) Grantor will cause its Equipment to be maintained and preserved in the same condition, repair and working order as when new, ordinary wear and tear excepted, and will forthwith, or in the case of any loss or damage to any of such Equipment as soon as practicable after the occurrence thereof, make or cause to be made all repairs, replacements and other improvements in connection therewith that are desirable to such end. (c) Grantor will pay promptly when due all property and other taxes, assessments and governmental charges or levies imposed upon, and all claims (including, without limitation, claims for labor, materials and supplies) against, its Equipment and Inventory. In producing its Inventory, Grantor will comply, in all material respects, with all requirements of applicable law. Section 9. As to Books and Records. Grantor will keep its books and records at the places therefor specified in Section 6(d) or, upon ten (10) Business Days’ prior written notice to the Collateral Agent, at such other places designated by Grantor in such notice which shall be an Approved Warehouse as to which a lien waiver and access agreement has been obtained in favor of and delivered to the Collateral Agent, in form and substance reasonably satisfactory to the Secured Parties. Exhibit C-11 Section 10. Insurance. Grantor shall maintain insurance (including property insurance, lender loss payable endorsements, etc.) in such amounts and covering such risks as are reasonably acceptable to the to the Secured Parties and are usually carried by companies engaged in similar businesses and owning similar properties in the same general areas in which Grantor operates, including without limitation, insurance on the Collateral. Section 11. Post-Closing Changes; Collections on Assigned Agreements, Receivables and Related Contracts. (a) Grantor shall not change its name, type of organization, jurisdiction of organization, organizational identification number or location from those set forth in Section 6(a) of this Agreement without prior written notice to the Collateral Agent. Grantor will hold and preserve its records relating to the Collateral, including, without limitation, the Assigned Agreements and Related Contracts, and will permit representatives of the Collateral Agent at any time during normal business hours and upon reasonable notice to inspect and make abstracts from such records and other documents. If any Grantor does not have an organizational identification number and later obtains one, it will forthwith notify the Collateral Agent of such organizational identification number. (b) Except as otherwise provided in this Section 11, Grantor will continue to collect, at its own expense, all amounts due or to become due to Grantor under the Assigned Agreements, Receivables and Related Contracts. In connection with such collections, Grantor may take such action as Grantor may deem necessary or advisable to enforce collection of the Assigned Agreements, Receivables and Related Contracts; provided, however, that the Collateral Agent shall have the right at any time, upon the occurrence and during the continuance of an Event of Default, to take any steps it or the other Secured Parties may deem necessary or advisable, including but not limited to, notifying the obligors under any Assigned Agreements, Receivables and Related Contracts of the assignment of such Assigned Agreements, Receivables and Related Contracts to the Collateral Agent and directing such obligors to make payment of all amounts due or to become due to Grantor thereunder directly to the Collateral Agent and, upon such notification and at the expense of Grantor, to enforce collection of any such Assigned Agreements, Receivables and Related Contracts, to adjust, settle or compromise the amount or payment thereof, in the same manner and to the same extent as Grantor might have done, and to otherwise exercise all rights with respect to such Assigned Agreements, Receivables and Related Contracts, including, without limitation, those set forth set forth in Section 9-607 of the UCC. After receipt by any Grantor of the notice from the Collateral Agent referred to in the proviso to the preceding sentence, Grantor will not adjust, settle or compromise the amount or payment of any Receivable or amount due on any Assigned Agreement or Related Contract, release wholly or partly any obligor thereof or allow any credit or discount thereon. No Grantor will permit or consent to the subordination of its right to payment under any of the Assigned Agreements, Receivables and Related Contracts to any other indebtedness or Obligations of the obligor thereof. Exhibit C-12 Section 12. As to Intellectual Property Collateral. (a) No Grantor shall, without the written consent of the Collateral Agent, discontinue use of or otherwise abandon any Intellectual Property Collateral, or abandon any right to file an application for patent, trademark, or copyright, unless Grantor shall have previously determined that such use or the pursuit or maintenance of such Intellectual Property Collateral is no longer desirable in the conduct of Grantor’s business and that the loss thereof could not reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Change. (b) Grantor shall use proper statutory notice in connection with its use of each item of its Intellectual Property Collateral. Except as permitted in Section 12(a) above, Grantor shall not do or permit any act or knowingly omit to do any act whereby any of its Intellectual Property Collateral may lapse or become invalid or unenforceable or placed in the public domain. (c) With respect to its Intellectual Property Collateral, Grantor agrees to execute or otherwise authenticate an agreement, in substantially the form set forth in Exhibit A hereto or otherwise in form and substance reasonably satisfactory to the Secured Parties (an “Intellectual Property Security Agreement”), for recording the security interest granted hereunder to the Collateral Agent in such Intellectual Property Collateral with the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office, the U.S. Copyright Office and any other governmental authorities necessary to perfect the security interest hereunder in such Intellectual Property Collateral. (d) Grantor agrees that should it obtain an ownership interest in any item of the type set forth in Section 1(g) that is not on the date hereof a part of the Intellectual Property Collateral (“After-Acquired Intellectual Property”) (i) the provisions of this Agreement shall automatically apply thereto, and (ii) any such After-Acquired Intellectual Property and, in the case of trademarks, the goodwill symbolized thereby, shall automatically become part of the Intellectual Property Collateral subject to the terms and conditions of this Agreement with respect thereto. Grantor shall give prompt written notice to the Collateral Agent identifying the After-Acquired Intellectual Property, and Grantor shall execute and deliver to the Collateral Agent with such written notice, or otherwise authenticate, an agreement substantially in the form of Exhibit B hereto or otherwise in form and substance reasonably satisfactory to the Secured Parties (an “IP Security Agreement Supplement”) covering such After-Acquired Intellectual Property, which IP Security Agreement Supplement shall be recorded with the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office, the U.S. Copyright Office and any other governmental authorities necessary to perfect the security interest hereunder in such After-Acquired Intellectual Property. Section 13. Voting Rights; Dividends; Etc.. (a) So long as no Event of Default shall have occurred and be continuing: (i) Grantor shall be entitled to exercise any and all voting and other consensual rights pertaining to the Security Collateral of Grantor or any part thereof for any purpose; provided, however, that Grantor will not exercise or refrain from exercising any such right if such action would reasonably be expected to have a material adverse effect on the value of the Security Collateral or any part thereof. Exhibit C-13 (ii) Grantor shall be entitled to receive and retain any and all dividends, interest and other distributions paid in respect of the Security Collateral of Grantor if and to the extent that the payment thereof is not otherwise prohibited by the terms of the Transaction Documents; provided, however, except as otherwise provided in the Securities Purchase Agreement, any and all dividends, interest and other distributions paid or payable other than in cash in respect of, and instruments and other property received, receivable or otherwise distributed in respect of, or in exchange for, any Security Collateral shall be, and shall be forthwith delivered to the Collateral Agent to hold as, Security Collateral and shall, if received by Grantor, be received in trust for the benefit of the Collateral Agent, be segregated from the other property or funds of Grantor and be forthwith delivered to the Collateral Agent as Security Collateral in the same form as so received (with any necessary endorsement). (iii) The Collateral Agent will execute and deliver (or cause to be executed and delivered) to Grantor all such proxies and other instruments as Grantor may reasonably request for the purpose of enabling Grantor to exercise the voting and other rights that it is entitled to exercise pursuant to paragraph (i) above and to receive the dividends or interest payments that it is authorized to receive and retain pursuant to paragraph (ii) above. (b) Upon the occurrence and during the continuance of an Event of Default: (i) All rights of Grantor (x) to exercise or refrain from exercising the voting and other consensual rights that it would otherwise be entitled to exercise pursuant to Section 13(a)(i) shall, upon notice to Grantor by the Collateral Agent, cease and (y) to receive the dividends, interest and other distributions that it would otherwise be authorized to receive and retain pursuant to Section 13(a)(ii) shall automatically cease, and all such rights shall thereupon become vested in the Collateral Agent, which shall thereupon have the sole right to exercise or refrain from exercising such voting and other consensual rights and to receive and hold as Security Collateral such dividends, interest and other distributions. (ii) All dividends, interest and other distributions that are received by any Grantor contrary to the provisions of paragraph (i) of this Section 13(b) shall be received in trust for the benefit of the Collateral Agent, shall be segregated from other funds of Grantor and shall be forthwith paid over to the Collateral Agent as Security Collateral in the same form as so received (with any necessary endorsement). Section 14. As to Letter-of-Credit Rights. (a) Grantor, by granting a security interest in its Receivables consisting of letter-of-credit rights to the Collateral Agent, intends to (and hereby does) assign to the Collateral Agent its rights (including its contingent rights) to the proceeds of all Related Contracts consisting of letters of credit of which it is or hereafter becomes a beneficiary or assignee. Grantor will promptly use commercially reasonable efforts to cause the issuer of each letter of credit in favor of Grantor and each nominated person (if any) with respect thereto to consent to such assignment of the proceeds thereof pursuant to a consent in form and substance reasonably satisfactory to the Secured Parties and deliver written evidence of such consent to the Collateral Agent. Exhibit C-14 (b) Upon the occurrence of an Event of Default, Grantor will, promptly upon request by the Collateral Agent, (i) notify (and Grantor hereby authorizes the Collateral Agent to notify) the issuer and each nominated person with respect to each of the Related Contracts consisting of letters of credit that the proceeds thereof have been assigned to the Collateral Agent hereunder and any payments due or to become due in respect thereof are to be made directly to the Collateral Agent or its designee and (ii) arrange for the Collateral Agent to become the transferee beneficiary of letter of credit. Section 15. Commercial Tort Claims. Grantor will promptly give notice to the Collateral Agent of any commercial tort claim that may arise after the date hereof and will immediately execute or otherwise authenticate a supplement to this Agreement, and otherwise take all necessary action, to subject such commercial tort claim to the first priority security interest created under this Agreement. Section 16. Transfers and Other Liens; Additional Shares. (a) Grantor agrees that it will not (i) sell, assign or otherwise dispose of, or grant any option with respect to, any of the Collateral, other than sales, assignments and other dispositions of Collateral, and options relating to Collateral, permitted under the terms of the Securities Purchase Agreement, or (ii) create or suffer to exist any Lien upon or with respect to any of the Collateral of Grantor except for the pledge, assignment and security interest created under this Agreement and Liens permitted under the Securities Purchase Agreement. (b) Grantor agrees that it will (i) cause each issuer of the Pledged Equity pledged by Grantor not to issue any Equity Interests or other securities in addition to or in substitution for the Pledged Equity issued by such issuer, except to Grantor, and (ii) pledge hereunder, immediately upon its acquisition (directly or indirectly) thereof, any and all additional Equity Interests or other securities. Section 17. Collateral Agent Appointed Attorney in Fact . Grantor hereby irrevocably appoints the Collateral Agent as attorney in fact, with full authority in the place and stead of Grantor and in the name of Grantor or otherwise, from time to time, to take any action and to execute any instrument that the Collateral Agent or the other Secured Parties may deem necessary or advisable to accomplish the purposes of this Agreement, including, without limitation, upon the occurrence and during the continuance of an Event of Default, to: (a) obtain and adjust insurance required to be paid to the Collateral Agent pursuant to, or in accordance with, Section 9, respect of any of the Collateral, (b) ask for, demand, collect, sue for, recover, compromise, receive and give acquittance and receipts for moneys due and to become due under or in (c) receive, indorse and collect any drafts or other instruments, documents and chattel paper, in connection with clause (a) or (b) above, and Exhibit C-15 (d) file any claims or take any action or institute any proceedings that the Collateral Agent or the other Secured Parties may deem necessary or desirable for the collection of any of the Collateral or otherwise to enforce compliance with the terms and conditions of any Assigned Agreement or the rights of the Collateral Agent with respect to any of the Collateral. 18. Collateral Agent May Perform. If any Grantor fails to perform any agreement contained herein, the Collateral Agent may, but without any obligation to do so and without notice, itself perform, or cause performance of, such agreement, and the expenses of the Collateral Agent incurred in connection therewith shall be payable by Grantor under Section 21. Section Section 19. The Collateral Agent’s Duties. (a) The powers conferred on the Collateral Agent hereunder are solely to protect the Secured Parties’ interest in the Collateral and shall not impose any duty upon it to exercise any such powers. Except for the safe custody of any Collateral in its possession and the accounting for moneys actually received by it hereunder, the Collateral Agent shall have no duty as to any Collateral, as to ascertaining or taking action with respect to calls, conversions, exchanges, maturities, tenders or other matters relative to any Collateral, whether or not any Secured Party has or is deemed to have knowledge of such matters, or as to the taking of any necessary steps to preserve rights against any parties or any other rights pertaining to any Collateral. The Collateral Agent shall be deemed to have exercised reasonable care in the custody and preservation of any Collateral in its possession if such Collateral is accorded treatment substantially equal to that which it accords its own property. (b) Anything contained herein to the contrary notwithstanding, the Collateral Agent may from time to time, when the Collateral Agent in its discretion deems it to be necessary or advisable, appoint one or more subagents (each a “Subagent”) for the Collateral Agent hereunder with respect to all or any part of the Collateral. In the event that the Collateral Agent so appoints any Subagent with respect to any Collateral, (i) the assignment and pledge of such Collateral and the security interest granted in such Collateral by Grantor hereunder shall be deemed for purposes of this Security Agreement to have been made to such Subagent, in addition to the Collateral Agent, for the ratable benefit of the Secured Parties, as security for the Secured Obligations of Grantor, (ii) such Subagent shall automatically be vested, in addition to the Collateral Agent, with all rights, powers, privileges, interests and remedies of the Collateral Agent hereunder with respect to such Collateral, and (iii) the term “Collateral Agent,” when used herein in relation to any rights, powers, privileges, interests and remedies of the Collateral Agent with respect to such Collateral, shall include such Subagent; provided, however, that no such Subagent shall be authorized to take any action with respect to any such Collateral unless and except to the extent expressly authorized in writing by the Collateral Agent. Exhibit C-16 Section 20. Remedies. If any Event of Default shall have occurred and be continuing: (a) The Collateral Agent may exercise in respect of the Collateral, in addition to other rights and remedies provided for herein or otherwise available to it, all the rights and remedies of a secured party upon default under the UCC (whether or not the UCC applies to the affected Collateral) and also may: (i) require Grantor to, and Grantor hereby agrees that it will at its expense and upon request of the Collateral Agent forthwith, to the extent commercially feasible, assemble all or part of the Collateral as directed by the Collateral Agent and make it available to the Collateral Agent at a place and time to be designated by the Collateral Agent that is reasonably convenient to both parties; (ii) without notice except as specified below or as otherwise required pursuant to Section 9-611 of the UCC, sell the Collateral or any part thereof in one or more parcels at public or private sale, at any of the Collateral Agent’s offices or elsewhere, for cash, on credit or for future delivery, and upon such other terms as are in accordance with applicable law; (iii) occupy any premises owned or leased by any of the Grantors where the Collateral or any part thereof is assembled or located for a reasonable period in order to effectuate its rights and remedies hereunder or under law; and (iv) exercise any and all rights and remedies of any of the Grantors under or in connection with the Collateral, or otherwise in respect of the Collateral, including, without limitation, (A) any and all rights of Grantor to demand or otherwise require payment of any amount under, or performance of any provision of, the Assigned Agreements, the Receivables, the Related Contracts and the other Collateral, (B) withdraw, or cause or direct the withdrawal, of all funds with respect to the Account Collateral and (C) exercise all other rights and remedies with respect to the Assigned Agreements, the Receivables, the Related Contracts and the other Collateral, including, without limitation, those set forth in Section 9-607 of the UCC. Grantor agrees that, to the extent notice of sale shall be required by law, at least ten (10) days’ notice to Grantor of the time and place of any public sale or the time after which any private sale is to be made shall constitute reasonable notification. The Collateral Agent shall not be obligated to make any sale of Collateral regardless of notice of sale having been given. The Collateral Agent may adjourn any public or private sale from time to time by announcement at the time and place fixed therefor, and such sale may, without further notice (except as otherwise required by Section 9-611 of the UCC), be made at the time and place to which it was so adjourned. (b) Any cash held by or on behalf of the Collateral Agent and all cash proceeds received by or on behalf of the Collateral Agent in respect of any sale of, collection from, or other realization upon all or any part of the Collateral may, in the discretion of the Collateral Agent, be held by the Collateral Agent as collateral for the benefit of the Secured Parties against, all or any part of the Secured Obligations. Any surplus of such cash or cash proceeds held by or on the behalf of the Collateral Agent and remaining after payment in full of all the Secured Obligations shall be paid over to Grantor or to whomsoever may be lawfully entitled to receive such surplus. (c) All payments received by any Grantor under or in connection with any Assigned Agreement or otherwise in respect of the Collateral shall be received in trust for the benefit of the Collateral Agent, shall be segregated from other funds of Grantor and shall be forthwith paid over to the Collateral Agent in the same form as so received (with any necessary endorsement). (d) [RESERVED]. (e) In the event of any sale or other disposition of any of the Intellectual Property Collateral of Grantor, the goodwill symbolized by any Trademarks subject to such sale or other disposition shall be included therein, and Grantor shall supply to the Collateral Agent or its designee Grantor’s know-how and expertise, and documents and things relating to any Intellectual Property Collateral subject to such sale or other disposition, and Grantor’s customer lists and other records and documents relating to such Intellectual Property Collateral and to the manufacture, distribution, advertising and sale of products and services of Grantor. Exhibit C-17 that, upon request of the Collateral Agent, Grantor will, at its own expense: (f) If the Collateral Agent shall exercise its right to sell all or any of the Security Collateral of any Grantor pursuant to this Section 20, Grantor agrees (i) execute and deliver, and cause each issuer of such Security Collateral contemplated to be sold and the directors and officers thereof to execute and deliver, all such instruments and documents, and do or cause to be done all such other acts and things, as may be necessary or, in the opinion of the Collateral Agent, advisable to register such Security Collateral under the provisions of the Securities Act of 1933 (as amended from time to time, the “Securities Act”), to cause the registration statement relating thereto to become effective and to remain effective for such period as prospectuses are required by law to be furnished and to make all amendments and supplements thereto and to the related prospectus that, in the opinion of the Collateral Agent or the other Secured Parties, are necessary or advisable, all in conformity with the requirements of the Securities Act and the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission applicable thereto; governmental approvals for the sale of such Security Collateral, as requested by the Collateral Agent; (ii) use its best efforts to qualify the Security Collateral under the state securities or “Blue Sky” laws and to obtain all necessary statement that will satisfy the provisions of Section 11(a) of the Securities Act; (iii) cause each such issuer of such Security Collateral to make available to its security holders, as soon as practicable, an earnings or the other Secured Parties, advisable to enable the Collateral Agent to effect the sale of such Security Collateral upon such terms as are in accordance with applicable law; and (iv) provide the Collateral Agent with such other information and projections as may be necessary or, in the opinion of the Collateral Agent thereof valid and binding and in compliance with applicable law. (v) do or cause to be done all such other acts and things as may be necessary to make such sale of such Security Collateral or any part (g) The Collateral Agent is authorized, in connection with any sale of the Security Collateral pursuant to this Section 20, to deliver or otherwise disclose to any prospective purchaser of the Security Collateral: (i) any registration statement or prospectus, and all supplements and amendments thereto, prepared pursuant to subsection (f)(i) above; (ii) any information and projections provided to it pursuant to subsection (f)(iv) above; and (iii) any other information in its possession relating to such Security Collateral. (h) Grantor acknowledges the impossibility of ascertaining the amount of damages that would be suffered by the Secured Parties by reason of the failure by Grantor to perform any of the covenants contained in subsection (f) above and, consequently, agrees that, if Grantor shall fail to perform any of such covenants, it will pay, as liquidated damages and not as a penalty, an amount equal to the value of the Security Collateral on the date the Collateral Agent shall demand compliance with subsection (f) above. Exhibit C-18 Section 21. Indemnity and Expenses. (a) Grantor agrees to indemnify, defend and save and hold harmless each Secured Party and each of their Affiliates and their Related Parties (each, an “Indemnified Party”) from and against, and shall pay on demand, any and all claims, damages, losses, liabilities and expenses (including, without limitation, reasonable fees and expenses of counsel) that may be incurred by or asserted or awarded against any Indemnified Party, in each case arising out of or in connection with or resulting from this Agreement (including, without limitation, enforcement of this Agreement); provided that such indemnity shall not, as to any Indemnified Party, be available to the extent that such losses, claims, damages, liabilities or related expenses (x) are determined by a court of competent jurisdiction by final and nonappealable judgment to have resulted from the bad faith, gross negligence or willful misconduct of such Indemnified Party or any of its officers, directors or employees, or (y) arising from disputes solely among the Collateral Agent, the Buyers and/or their transferees (other than in respect of disputes against an Indemnitee in its capacity as Collateral Agent or any similar role under the Transaction Documents). (b) Without limiting the foregoing clause (a), Grantor will upon demand pay to the Collateral Agent the amount of any and all (1) reasonable expenses, including, without limitation, the reasonable fees and expenses of its counsel and of any experts and agents, that the Collateral Agent may incur in connection with (i) the administration of this Agreement, and (ii) the custody, preservation, use or operation of, or the sale of, collection from or other realization upon, any of the Collateral of Grantor, and (2) expenses, including, without limitation, the fees and expenses of its counsel and of any experts and agents, that the Collateral Agent may incur in connection with (i) the exercise or enforcement of any of the rights of the Collateral Agent or the other Secured Parties hereunder or (ii) the failure by Grantor to perform or observe any of the provisions hereof. Section 22. Amendments; Waivers; Additional Grantors; Etc. No amendment or waiver of any provision of this Agreement, and no consent to any departure by any Grantor herefrom, shall in any event be effective unless the same shall be in writing and signed by the Collateral Agent, and then such waiver or consent shall be effective only in the specific instance and for the specific purpose for which given. No failure on the part of the Collateral Agent to exercise, and no delay in exercising any right hereunder, shall operate as a waiver thereof; nor shall any single or partial exercise of any such right preclude any other or further exercise thereof or the exercise of any other right. Exhibit C-19 Section 23. Notices, Etc. Except as otherwise provided herein, whenever it is provided herein that any notice, demand, request, consent, approval, declaration or other communication shall or may be given to or served upon any of the parties by any other party, or whenever any of the parties desires to give and serve upon any other party any communication with respect to this Agreement, each such notice, demand, request, consent, approval, declaration or other communication shall be in writing and shall be given in the manner and to the address, and deemed received, as provided for in accordance with the terms of the Collateral Agency Agreement. Delivery by email or facsimile of an executed counterpart of any amendment, supplement or waiver of any provision of this Agreement or any Schedule or Exhibit relating thereto shall be effective as delivery of an original executed counterpart thereof. Section 24. Continuing Security Interest. This Agreement shall create a continuing security interest in the Collateral and shall (a) remain in full force and effect until the indefeasible payment in full in cash of the Secured Obligations, (b) be binding upon Grantor, its successors and assigns and (c) inure, together with the rights and remedies of the Collateral Agent hereunder, to the benefit of the Secured Parties and their respective successors, transferees and assigns. Section 25. Release; Termination. (a) Upon any sale, lease, transfer or other disposition of any item of Collateral of Grantor (other than sales of Inventory in the ordinary course of business) in accordance with the terms of the Transaction Documents, the Collateral Agent will, at Grantor’s expense, execute and deliver to Grantor such documents as Grantor shall reasonably request to evidence the release of such item(s) of Collateral from the assignment and security interest granted hereby; provided, however, that (i) at the time of such request and such release no Event of Default shall have occurred and be continuing, (ii) Grantor shall have delivered to the Collateral Agent, at least ten (10) Business Days prior to the date of the proposed release, a written request for release describing the item of Collateral and the terms of the sale, lease, transfer or other disposition in reasonable detail, including, without limitation, the price thereof and any expenses in connection therewith, together with a form of release for execution by the Collateral Agent and a certificate of Grantor to the effect that the transaction is in compliance with the Transaction Documents and as to such other matters as the Collateral Agent may request, (iii) the proceeds of any such sale, lease, transfer or other disposition required to be applied, or any payment to be made in connection therewith, shall, to the extent so required, be paid or made to, or in accordance with the instructions of, the Collateral Agent, and (iv) the Collateral Agent shall have received written direction from the Buyers in accordance with the Collateral Agency Agreement. (b) Upon the indefeasible payment in full in cash of the Secured Obligations, other than any unasserted contingent Obligations, the pledge and security interest granted hereby shall terminate and all rights to the Collateral shall revert to Grantor. Upon any such termination, the Secured Parties will, at the Grantor’s expense, execute and deliver to Grantor such documents as Grantor shall reasonably request to evidence such termination. Section 26. Execution in Counterparts. This Agreement may be executed in any number of counterparts, each of which when so executed shall be deemed to be an original and all of which taken together shall constitute one and the same agreement. Delivery of an executed counterpart of a signature page to this Agreement by email or facsimile shall be effective as delivery of an original executed counterpart of this Agreement. Exhibit C-20 Section 27. Governing Law; Jurisdiction; Waiver of Jury Trial, Etc. ( a ) GOVERNING LAW. THIS AGREEMENT AND ANY CLAIMS, CONTROVERSY, DISPUTE OR CAUSE OF ACTION (WHETHER IN TORT OR OTHERWISE) BASED ON, ARISING OUT OF OR RELATING TO THIS GUARANTY AND THE TRANSACTIONS CONTEMPLATED HEREBY SHALL BE GOVERNED BY, AND CONSTRUED IN ACCORDANCE WITH, THE LAW OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK WITHOUT REGARD TO CONFLICTS OF LAWS (OTHER THAN SECTIONS 5-1401 AND 5- 1402 OF THE NEW YORK GENERAL OBLIGATIONS LAWS). (b) SUBMISSION TO JURISDICTION. GRANTOR IRREVOCABLY AND UNCONDITIONALLY SUBMITS, FOR ITSELF AND ITS PROPERTY, TO THE NONEXCLUSIVE JURISDICTION OF THE COURTS OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK SITTING IN NEW YORK COUNTY OR OF THE UNITED STATES FOR THE SOUTHERN DISTRICT OF SUCH STATE, AND ANY APPELLATE COURT FROM ANY THEREOF, IN ANY ACTION OR PROCEEDING ARISING OUT OF OR RELATING TO THIS AGREEMENT, OR FOR RECOGNITION OR ENFORCEMENT OF ANY JUDGMENT, AND EACH OF THE PARTIES HERETO IRREVOCABLY AND UNCONDITIONALLY AGREES THAT ALL CLAIMS IN RESPECT OF ANY SUCH ACTION OR PROCEEDING MAY BE HEARD AND DETERMINED IN SUCH NEW YORK COURT OR, TO THE FULLEST EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW, IN SUCH FEDERAL COURT. EACH OF THE PARTIES HERETO AGREES THAT A FINAL JUDGMENT IN ANY SUCH ACTION OR PROCEEDING SHALL BE CONCLUSIVE AND MAY BE ENFORCED IN OTHER JURISDICTIONS BY SUIT ON THE JUDGMENT OR IN ANY OTHER MANNER PROVIDED BY LAW. NOTHING IN THIS AGREEMENT SHALL AFFECT ANY RIGHT THAT THE COLLATERAL AGENT OR ANY OTHER SECURED PARTY MAY OTHERWISE HAVE TO BRING ANY ACTION OR PROCEEDING RELATING TO THIS AGREEMENT AGAINST ANY GRANTOR OR ITS PROPERTIES IN THE COURTS OF ANY JURISDICTION. ( c ) WAIVER OF VENUE. GRANTOR IRREVOCABLY AND UNCONDITIONALLY WAIVES, TO THE FULLEST EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW, ANY OBJECTION THAT IT MAY NOW OR HEREAFTER HAVE TO THE LAYING OF VENUE OF ANY ACTION OR PROCEEDING ARISING OUT OF OR RELATING TO THIS AGREEMENT IN ANY COURT REFERRED TO IN PARAGRAPH (b) OF THIS SECTION. GRANTOR HEREBY IRREVOCABLY WAIVES, TO THE FULLEST EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW, THE DEFENSE OF AN INCONVENIENT FORUM TO THE MAINTENANCE OF SUCH ACTION OR PROCEEDING IN ANY SUCH COURT. NOTICES IN SECTION 23. ( d ) SERVICE OF PROCESS. GUARANTOR HERETO IRREVOCABLY CONSENTS TO SERVICE OF PROCESS IN THE MANNER PROVIDED FOR Exhibit C-21 ( e ) WAIVER OF JURY TRIAL. GUARANTOR HERETO HEREBY IRREVOCABLY WAIVES, TO THE FULLEST EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW, ANY RIGHT IT MAY HAVE TO A TRIAL BY JURY IN ANY LEGAL PROCEEDING DIRECTLY OR INDIRECTLY ARISING OUT OF OR RELATING TO THIS AGREEMENT OR THE TRANSACTIONS CONTEMPLATED HEREBY (WHETHER BASED ON CONTRACT, TORT OR ANY OTHER THEORY). EACH PARTY HERETO (A) CERTIFIES THAT NO REPRESENTATIVE, AGENT OR ATTORNEY OF ANY OTHER PERSON HAS REPRESENTED, EXPRESSLY OR OTHERWISE, THAT SUCH OTHER PERSON WOULD NOT, IN THE EVENT OF LITIGATION, SEEK TO ENFORCE THE FOREGOING WAIVER AND (B) ACKNOWLEDGES THAT IT AND THE OTHER PARTIES HERETO HAVE BEEN INDUCED TO ENTER INTO THIS AGREEMENT BY, AMONG OTHER THINGS, THE MUTUAL WAIVERS AND CERTIFICATIONS IN THIS SECTION. SIGNATURE PAGE FOLLOWS Exhibit C-22 written. IN WITNESS WHEREOF, Grantor has caused this Agreement to be duly executed and delivered by its officer thereunto duly authorized as of the date first above APPLIED DNA SCIENCES, INC., a Delaware corporation By: Name: Beth Jantzen, CPA Title: Chief Financial Officer SIGNATURES CONTINUE ON NEXT PAGE Signature Page to Security Agreement ACCEPTED AND AGREED as of the date first written above by: DELAWARE TRUST COMPANY, as Collateral Agent By: Name: Title: Signature Page to Security Agreement Exhibit A to the Security Agreement FORM OF INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY SECURITY AGREEMENT This INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY SECURITY AGREEMENT (as amended, restated, amended and restated, supplemented or otherwise modified from time to time, the “IP Security Agreement”) dated __________, 2018 is made by APPLIED DNA SCIENCES, INC. a Delaware corporation (the “Grantor”), in favor of DELAWARE TRUST COMPANY, a Delaware corporation, as collateral agent (the “Collateral Agent”) for the Secured Parties (as defined in the Security Agreement referred to below). otherwise modified from time to time, the “Securities Purchase Agreement”) with the Buyers party thereto. WHEREAS, Grantor is party to the Securities Purchase Agreement dated as of August 31, 2018 (as amended, restated, amended and restated, supplemented or WHEREAS, pursuant to the Securities Purchase Agreement, the Grantor has executed and delivered that certain Security Agreement dated as of the date hereof made by the Grantor to the Collateral Agent for the benefit of the Secured Parties (as amended, restated, amended and restated, supplemented or otherwise modified from time to time, the “Security Agreement”; the capitalized terms defined therein and not otherwise defined herein being used herein as therein defined). WHEREAS, under the terms of the Security Agreement, the Grantor has granted to the Collateral Agent, for the ratable benefit of the Secured Parties, a security interest in, among other property, certain intellectual property of the Grantor, and have agreed as a condition thereof to execute this IP Security Agreement for recording with the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office, the United States Copyright Office and other governmental authorities. NOW, THEREFORE, for good and valuable consideration, the receipt and sufficiency of which are hereby acknowledged, Grantor agrees as follows: right, title and interest in and to the following (the “Collateral”): SECTION 1. Grant of Security. Grantor hereby grants to the Collateral Agent for the ratable benefit of the Secured Parties a security interest in all of Grantor’s thereto, including, without limitation, those set forth in Schedule A hereto (the “Patents”); (i) all patents, patent applications, utility models and statutory invention registrations, all inventions claimed or disclosed therein and all improvements (ii) all trademarks, service marks, domain names, trade dress, logos, designs, slogans, trade names, business names, corporate names and other source identifiers, whether registered or unregistered (provided that no security interest shall be granted in United States intent-to-use trademark applications to the extent that, and solely during the period in which, the grant of a security interest therein would impair the validity or enforceability of such intent-to-use trademark applications under applicable federal law), together, in each case, with the goodwill symbolized thereby, including, without limitation, those set forth in Schedule B hereto (the “Trademarks”); (iii) all copyrights, including, without limitation, copyrights in Computer Software (as hereinafter defined), internet web sites and the content thereof, whether registered or unregistered, including, without limitation, the copyright registrations and applications and exclusive copyright licenses set forth in Schedule C hereto (the “Copyrights”); (iv) all reissues, divisions, continuations, continuations-in-part, extensions, renewals and reexaminations of any of the foregoing, all rights in the foregoing provided by international treaties or conventions, all rights corresponding thereto throughout the world and all other rights of any kind whatsoever of Grantor accruing thereunder or pertaining thereto; respect to any of the foregoing, with the right, but not the obligation, to sue for and collect, or otherwise recover, such damages; and (v) any and all claims for damages and injunctive relief for past, present and future infringement, dilution, misappropriation, violation, misuse or breach with Obligations (as defined in the Security Agreement) relating to, any and all of the Collateral of or arising from any of the foregoing. (vi) any and all proceeds of, collateral for, income, royalties and other payments now or hereafter due and payable with respect to, and supporting SECTION 2. Security for Obligations. The grant of a security interest in the Collateral by Grantor under this IP Security Agreement secures the payment of all Secured Obligations now or hereafter existing under or in respect of the Transaction Documents, whether direct or indirect, absolute or contingent, and whether for principal, reimbursement obligations, interest, premiums, penalties, fees, indemnifications, contract causes of action, costs, expenses or otherwise. Without limiting the generality of the foregoing, this IP Security Agreement secures, as to Grantor, the payment of all amounts that constitute part of the Secured Obligations and that would be owed by Grantor to any Secured Party under the Transaction Documents but for the fact that such Secured Obligations are unenforceable or not allowable due to the existence of a bankruptcy, reorganization or similar proceeding involving Grantor. Trademarks and any other applicable government officer record this IP Security Agreement. SECTION 3. Recordation. Grantor authorizes and requests that the Register of Copyrights, the Commissioner for Patents and the Commissioner for be deemed to be an original and all of which taken together shall constitute one and the same agreement. SECTION 4. Execution in Counterparts. This IP Security Agreement may be executed in any number of counterparts, each of which when so executed shall SECTION 5. Grants, Rights and Remedies. This IP Security Agreement has been entered into in conjunction with the provisions of the Security Agreement. Grantor does hereby acknowledge and confirm that the grant of the security interest hereunder to, and the rights and remedies of, the Collateral Agent with respect to the Collateral are more fully set forth in the Security Agreement, the terms and provisions of which are incorporated herein by reference as if fully set forth herein. -2- LAWS OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK WITHOUT REGARD TO CONFLICTS OF LAWS. SECTION 6. GOVERNING LAW. THIS IP SECURITY AGREEMENT SHALL BE GOVERNED BY, AND CONSTRUED IN ACCORDANCE WITH, THE [remainder of page intentionally blank] -3- first above written. IN WITNESS WHEREOF, Grantor has caused this IP Security Agreement to be duly executed and delivered by its officer thereunto duly authorized as of the date APPLIED DNA SCIENCES, INC. By Name: Title: Address for Notices: Exhibit B to the Security Agreement FORM OF INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY SECURITY AGREEMENT SUPPLEMENT This INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY SECURITY AGREEMENT SUPPLEMENT (as amended, restated, amended and restated, supplemented or otherwise modified from time to time, the “IP Security Agreement Supplement”) dated __________, 20__, is made by APPLIED DNA SCIENCES, INC. a Delaware corporation (the “Grantors”) in favor of DELAWARE TRUST COMPANY, a Delaware corporation, as collateral agent (the “ Collateral Agent”) for the Secured Parties (as defined in the Security Agreement referred to below). otherwise modified from time to time, the “Securities Purchase Agreement”) with the Buyers party thereto. WHEREAS, Grantor is party to the Securities Purchase Agreement dated as of [August 31], 2018 (as amended, restated, amended and restated, supplemented or WHEREAS, pursuant to the Securities Purchase Agreement, the Grantor has executed and delivered that certain Security Agreement dated as of __________, 2018 made by the Grantor to the Collateral Agent for the benefit of the Secured Parties (as amended, restated, amended and restated, supplemented or otherwise modified from time to time, the “Security Agreement”) and that certain Intellectual Property Security Agreement dated [insert date of Intellectual Property Security Agreement] made by the Grantor to the Collateral Agent for the benefit of the Secured Parties (as amended, restated, amended and restated, supplemented or otherwise modified from time to time, the “IP Security Agreement”; the capitalized terms defined therein and not otherwise defined herein being used herein as therein defined). WHEREAS, under the terms of the Security Agreement, the Grantor has granted to the Collateral Agent, for the ratable benefit of the Secured Parties, a security interest in the Additional Collateral (as defined in Section 1 below) of the Grantor and has agreed as a condition thereof to execute this IP Security Agreement Supplement for recording with the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office, the United States Copyright Office and other governmental authorities. NOW, THEREFORE, for good and valuable consideration, the receipt and sufficiency of which are hereby acknowledged, the Grantor agrees as follows: such Grantor’s right, title and interest in and to the following (the “Additional Collateral”): SECTION 1. Grant of Security. Each Grantor hereby grants to the Collateral Agent, for the ratable benefit of the Secured Parties, a security interest in all of thereto, including, without limitation, those set forth in Schedule A hereto (the “Patents”); (i) all patents, patent applications, utility models and statutory invention registrations, all inventions claimed or disclosed therein and all improvements (ii) all trademarks, service marks, domain names, trade dress, logos, designs, slogans, trade names, business names, corporate names and other source identifiers, whether registered or unregistered (provided that no security interest shall be granted in United States intent-to-use trademark applications to the extent that, and solely during the period in which, the grant of a security interest therein would impair the validity or enforceability of such intent-to-use trademark applications under applicable federal law), together, in each case, with the goodwill symbolized thereby, including, without limitation, those set forth in Schedule B hereto (the “Trademarks”); (ii) all copyrights, including, without limitation, copyrights in Computer Software (as hereinafter defined), internet web sites and the content thereof, whether registered or unregistered, including, without limitation, the copyright registrations and applications and exclusive copyright licenses set forth in Schedule C hereto (the “Copyrights”); (iii) all reissues, divisions, continuations, continuations-in-part, extensions, renewals and reexaminations of any of the foregoing, all rights in the foregoing provided by international treaties or conventions, all rights corresponding thereto throughout the world and all other rights of any kind whatsoever of such Grantor accruing thereunder or pertaining thereto; (iv) all any and all claims for damages and injunctive relief for past, present and future infringement, dilution, misappropriation, violation, misuse or breach with respect to any of the foregoing, with the right, but not the obligation, to sue for and collect, or otherwise recover, such damages; and Obligations (as defined in the Security Agreement) relating to, any and all of the foregoing or arising from any of the foregoing. (v) any and all proceeds of, collateral for, income, royalties and other payments now or hereafter due and payable with respect to, and supporting 2. Security for Obligations. The grant of a security interest in the Additional Collateral by the Grantor under this IP Security Agreement Supplement secures the payment of all Secured Obligations now or hereafter existing under or in respect of the Loan Documents, whether direct or indirect, absolute or contingent, and whether for principal, reimbursement Obligations, interest, premiums, penalties, fees, indemnifications, contract causes of action, costs, expenses or otherwise. SECTION Trademarks and any other applicable government officer to record this IP Security Agreement Supplement. SECTION 3. Recordation. The Grantor authorizes and requests that the Register of Copyrights, the Commissioner for Patents and the Commissioner for SECTION 4. Grants, Rights and Remedies. This IP Security Agreement Supplement has been entered into in conjunction with the provisions of the Security Agreement. The Grantor does hereby acknowledge and confirm that the grant of the security interest hereunder to, and the rights and remedies of, the Collateral Agent with respect to the Additional Collateral are more fully set forth in the Security Agreement, the terms and provisions of which are incorporated herein by reference as if fully set forth herein. SECTION 5. GOVERNING LAW. THIS IP SECURITY AGREEMENT SUPPLEMENT SHALL BE GOVERNED BY, AND CONSTRUED IN ACCORDANCE WITH, THE LAWS OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK WITHOUT REGARD TO CONFLICTS OF LAWS. -2- authorized as of the date first above written. IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the Grantor has caused this IP Security Agreement Supplement to be duly executed and delivered by its officer thereunto duly By Name: Title: Address for Notices: -3- Part I: None. Part II: None. SCHEDULE I Investment Property · · Bank of America, Operating Account, Account #004831291068 Bank of America, Money Market Account, Account #483043680826 SCHEDULE II Deposit Accounts None. SCHEDULE III Assigned Agreements SCHEDULE IV Intellectual Property COPYRIGHTS: None. TRADEMARKS: Docket No. 2542-83 2542-82 2542-47 2542-75 2542-95 2542-89 2542-84 2542-89A PATENTS: Client Ref No. 8251-61 2542-75 Country United States United States United States United States United States United States United States United States Application Date 12/13/2016 12/20/2016 06/09/2008 12/09/2016 5/16/2017 3/6/2017 12/23/2016 8/16/2017 Application No. 87/267,216 87/275,103 77/494,134 87/263,954 87/451,220 87/360,183 87/279,792 87/571,726 Registration Date Registration No. 12/12/2017 01/05/2010 05/23/2017 10/17/2017 08/22/2017 5,356,414 3,735,415 5,209,527 5,313,762 5,269,735 Status Filed Registered Registered Registered Filed Registered Registered Filed Country United States Status Granted Application No. 12/384,554 Application Date 04/06/2009 Title METHOD FOR A CONTINUOUS RAPID THERMAL CYCLE SYSTEM Patent No. 8,163,489 Grant Date 04/24/2012 None. SCHEDULE V Commercial Tort Claims SCHEDULE VI Location of Chief Executive Office, Type of Organization, Jurisdiction of Organization and Organizational Identification Number · · · Location of Chief Executive Office: 50 Health Sciences Drive, Stony Brook, NY 11790 Type of Organization: Corporation Jurisdiction of Organization: Delaware · Organization Identification Number: 59-2262718 None. SCHEDULE VII Changes in Name, Location, Etc. · 50 Health Sciences Drive, Stony Brook, NY 11790 SCHEDULE VIII Locations of Equipment, Inventory and Books and Records None. SCHEDULE IX Letters of Credit None. SCHEDULE X Permitted Liens SCHEDULE XI Excluded Assets · · · the Equity Interests in Applied DNA Sciences India Private Limited, a corporation formed under the laws of India, owned by the Grantor; the Equity Interests in APDN (B.V.I.) Inc., a corporation formed under the laws of the British Virgin Islands, owned by the Grantor; and all Excluded Accounts. Exhibit D TRANSFER AGENT INSTRUCTIONS APPLIED DNA SCIENCES, INC. August 31, 2018 American Stock Transfer and Trust Company, LLC Operations Center 6201 15th Avenue, Third Floor Brooklyn, NY 11219 Attention: [●] Ladies and Gentlemen: Reference is made to that certain Securities Purchase Agreement, dated as of August 31, 2018 (the “Agreement”), by and among Applied DNA Sciences, Inc., a Delaware corporation (the “Company”), and the investors listed on the Schedule of Buyers attached thereto (collectively, the “Buyers”), pursuant to which the Company is issuing to the Buyers secured convertible notes of the Company (the “Notes”), which will be convertible into shares of the Company’s common stock, $0.001 par value per share (the “Common Stock”). The shares of Common Stock to be converted thereunder are referred to herein as the “Conversion Shares.” This letter shall serve as our authorization and direction to you (provided that you are the transfer agent of the Company at such time) to issue the Conversion Shares to or upon the order of a Buyer from time to time upon delivery to you of a properly completed and duly executed Conversion Notice, in the form attached hereto as Exhibit I, which has been acknowledged by the Company as indicated by the signature of a duly authorized officer of the Company thereon. Specifically, upon receipt by the Company of a copy of a Conversion Notice, the Company shall as soon as practicable, but in no event later than two (2) Business Days (as defined below) after receipt of such Conversion Notice, deliver a Conversion Notice, which shall constitute an irrevocable instruction to you to process such Conversion Notice in accordance with the terms of these instructions. Upon your receipt of a copy of the executed Conversion Notice, you shall use your best efforts to, (A) provided you are participating in the DTC Fast Automated Securities Transfer Program, credit the aggregate number of shares of Common Stock to which Buyer shall be entitled to Buyer’s or its designee’s balance account with DTC through its Deposit/Withdrawal at Custodian system or (B) issue and deliver (via reputable overnight courier) to Buyer, a certificate representing such Securities that is free from all restrictive and other legends, registered in the name of Buyer or its designee (the date by which such credit is so required to be made to the balance account of Buyer’s or Buyer’s nominee with DTC or such certificate is required to be delivered to Buyer pursuant to the foregoing is referred to herein as the “Required Delivery Date”). You acknowledge and agree that so long as you have previously received (a) written confirmation from the outside legal counsel of the Company that either (i) a registration statement covering resales of the Conversion Shares has been declared effective by the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “1933 Act”), or (ii) that sales of the Conversion Shares may be made in conformity with Rule 144 under the 1933 Act, and (b) if applicable, a copy of such registration statement, then, as soon as practicable after your receipt of a notice of transfer or Conversion Notice, you shall issue the certificates representing the Conversion Shares and such certificates shall not bear any legend restricting transfer of the Conversion Shares thereby and should not be subject to any stop-transfer restriction; provided, however, that if such Conversion Shares are not registered for resale under the 1933 Act or able to be sold under Rule 144, then the certificates for such Conversion Shares shall bear the following legend: Exhibit D-1 THE SECURITIES REPRESENTED BY THIS CERTIFICATE HAVE NOT BEEN REGISTERED UNDER THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933, AS AMENDED, OR APPLICABLE STATE SECURITIES LAWS. THE SECURITIES MAY NOT BE OFFERED FOR SALE, SOLD, TRANSFERRED OR ASSIGNED (I) IN THE ABSENCE OF (A) AN EFFECTIVE REGISTRATION STATEMENT FOR THE SECURITIES UNDER THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933, AS AMENDED, OR (B) AN OPINION OF COUNSEL TO THE HOLDER (IF REQUESTED BY THE COMPANY), IN A FORM REASONABLY ACCEPTABLE TO THE COMPANY, THAT REGISTRATION IS NOT REQUIRED UNDER SAID ACT OR (II) UNLESS SOLD OR ELIGIBLE TO BE SOLD PURSUANT TO RULE 144 OR RULE 144A UNDER SAID ACT. NOTWITHSTANDING THE FOREGOING, THE SECURITIES MAY BE PLEDGED IN CONNECTION WITH A BONA FIDE MARGIN ACCOUNT OR OTHER LOAN OR FINANCING ARRANGEMENT SECURED BY THE SECURITIES. A form of written confirmation from the Company’s outside legal counsel that a registration statement covering resales of the Conversion Shares has been declared effective by the SEC under the 1933 Act is attached hereto as Exhibit II. Please execute this letter in the space indicated to acknowledge your agreement to act in accordance with these instructions. Should you have any questions concerning this matter, please contact me at (631) 240-8800. Very truly yours, APPLIED DNA SCIENCES, INC. By: Name: Beth Jantzen Title: Chief Financial Officer Exhibit D-2 THE FOREGOING INSTRUCTIONS ARE ACKNOWLEDGED AND AGREED TO this 31st day of August, 2018 AMERICAN STOCK TRANSFER AND TRUST COMPANY, LLC By: Name: Title: Enclosures Exhibit D-3 EXHIBIT I APPLIED DNA SCIENCES, INC. CONVERSION NOTICE Reference is made to the Secured Convertible Note (the “Note”) issued to the undersigned by Applied DNA Sciences, Inc. (the “Company”). In accordance with and pursuant to the Note, the undersigned hereby elects to convert the Conversion Amount (as defined in the Note) of the Note indicated below into Conversion Shares (as defined in the Note) of the Company, as of the date specified below. Date of Conversion: Aggregate Conversion Amount to be converted: Please confirm the following information: Conversion Price: Number of shares of Common Stock to be issued: Please issue the Common Stock into which the Conversion Amount of the Note is being converted in the following name and to the following address: Issue to: Facsimile Number: Authorization: By: Title: Dated: Account Number: (if electronic book entry transfer) Transaction Code Number: (if electronic book entry transfer) Exhibit I-1 The Company hereby acknowledges this Conversion Notice and hereby directs American Stock Transfer and Trust Company, LLC to issue the above indicated number of shares of Common Stock in accordance with the Transfer Agent Instructions dated August 31, 2018 from the Company and acknowledged and agreed to by American Stock Transfer and Trust Company, LLC. ACKNOWLEDGMENT APPLIED DNA SCIENCES, INC By: Name: Title: EXHIBIT II FORM OF NOTICE OF EFFECTIVENESS OF REGISTRATION STATEMENT American Stock Transfer and Trust Company, LLC Operations Center 6201 15th Avenue, Third Floor Brooklyn, NY 11219 Telephone: (718) 921-8210 Attention: [●] Re: Applied DNA Sciences, Inc. Ladies and Gentlemen: We are counsel to Applied DNA Sciences, Inc., a Delaware corporation (the “Company”), and have represented the Company in connection with that certain Securities Purchase Agreement, dated as of [●], 2018 (the “Securities Purchase Agreement”), entered into by and among the Company and the buyers named therein (collectively, the “Holders”) pursuant to which the Company issued to the Holders secured convertible notes (the “Notes”) which are convertible into the Company’s common stock, $0.001 par value per share (the “Common Stock”). Pursuant to the Securities Purchase Agreement, the Company also has entered into a Registration Rights Agreement with the Holders (the “Registration Rights Agreement”) pursuant to which the Company agreed, among other things, to register the resale of the Registrable Securities (as defined in the Registration Rights Agreement), including the shares of Common Stock issuable upon conversion of the Notes under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “1933 Act”). In connection with the Company’s obligations under the Registration Rights Agreement, on _______, 201_, the Company filed a Registration Statement on Form S-1 (File No. 333-_____________) (the “Registration Statement”) with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) relating to the Registrable Securities which names each of the Holders as a selling shareholder thereunder. In connection with the foregoing, we advise you that the SEC has entered an order declaring the Registration Statement effective under the 1933 Act at [ENTER TIME OF EFFECTIVENESS] on [ENTER DATE OF EFFECTIVENESS] and we have no knowledge, based upon our review of the list of current stop orders available on the SEC’s website, that any stop order suspending its effectiveness has been issued or that any proceedings for that purpose are pending before, or threatened by, the SEC and the Registrable Securities are available for resale under the 1933 Act pursuant to the Registration Statement. Exhibit II-1 This letter shall serve as our standing instruction to you that the shares of Common Stock are freely transferable by the Holders pursuant to the Registration Statement. You need not require further letters from us to effect any future legend-free issuance or reissuance of shares of Common Stock to the Holders as contemplated by the Company’s Irrevocable Transfer Agent Instructions dated August 31, 2018, provided at the time of such reissuance, the Company has not otherwise notified you that the Registration Statement is unavailable for the resale of the Registrable Securities. cc: [LIST NAMES OF BUYERS] Very truly yours, [ISSUER’S COUNSEL] By: Exhibit II-2 INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM’S CONSENT We consent to the incorporation by reference in the Registration Statements of Applied DNA Sciences, Inc. on Form S-3 (File No. 333-202432, File No. 333-220481, File No. 333- 218158, File No. 333-214920 and File No. 333-208162) and Form S-8 (File No. 333-182350 and 333-205123) of our report dated December 18, 2018 which included an explanatory paragraph as to the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern, with respect to our audits of the consolidated financial statements of Applied DNA Sciences, Inc. as of September 30, 2018 and 2017, and for the years then ended, which report is included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K of Applied DNA Sciences, Inc. for the year ended September 30, 2018. Exhibit 23.1 /s/ Marcum llp Marcum llp Melville, NY December 18, 2018 Exhibit 31.1 I, James A. Hayward, certify that: CERTIFICATION 1. 2. 3. 4. I have reviewed this Annual Report on Form 10-K of Applied DNA Sciences, Inc.; Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report; Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report; The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have: (a) (b) (c) (d) Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared; Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles; Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financing reporting; and 5. The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions): (a) (b) All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting. Date: December 18, 2018 /s/ James A. Hayward James A. Hayward President, Chief Executive Officer and Chairman (Principal Executive Officer) Exhibit 31.2 I, Beth Jantzen, certify that: CERTIFICATION 1. 2. 3. 4. I have reviewed this Annual Report on Form 10-K of Applied DNA Sciences, Inc.; Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report; Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report; The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have: (a) (b) (c) (d) Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared; Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles; Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financing reporting; and 5. The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions): (a) (b) All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting. Date: December 18, 2018 /s/ Beth Jantzen Beth Jantzen, CPA Chief Financial Officer (Principal Financial Officer) CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO 18 U.S.C. §1350, AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002 Exhibit 32.1 In connection with the Annual Report on Form 10-K of Applied DNA Sciences, Inc. (the “Company”) for the fiscal year ended September 30, 2018, as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the “Report”), I, James A. Hayward, President, Chief Executive Officer and Chairman of the Company, certify, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. §1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that: (1) (2) The Report fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company. /s/ James A. Hayward James A. Hayward President, Chief Executive Officer and Chairman (Principal Executive Officer) Date: December 18, 2018 * A signed original of this written statement required by Section 906 has been provided to Applied DNA Sciences, Inc. and will be retained by Applied DNA Sciences, Inc. and furnished to the Securities and Exchange Commission or its staff upon request. CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO 18 U.S.C. §1350, AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002 Exhibit 32.2 In connection with the Annual Report on Form 10-K of Applied DNA Sciences, Inc. (the “Company”) for the fiscal year ended September 30, 2018, as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the “Report”), I, Beth Jantzen, Chief Financial Officer of the Company, certify, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. §1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that: (1) (2) The Report fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company. /s/ Beth Jantzen Beth Jantzen, CPA Chief Financial Officer (Principal Financial Officer) Date: December 18, 2018 * A signed original of this written statement required by Section 906 has been provided to Applied DNA Sciences, Inc. and will be retained by Applied DNA Sciences, Inc. and furnished to the Securities and Exchange Commission or its staff upon request. 

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