Apricus Biosciences Inc. Annual Report 2013

Plain-text annual report

UNITED STATESSECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSIONWASHINGTON, DC 20549 FORM 10-K(Mark One)ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACTOF 1934For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2013ORoTRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGEACT OF 1934For the transition period from to Commission file number 0-22245 APRICUS BIOSCIENCES, INC.(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in Its Charter) Nevada 87-0449967(State or Other Jurisdiction ofIncorporation or Organization) (I.R.S. EmployerIdentification No.)11975 El Camino Real, Suite 300, San Diego, CA 92130(Address of Principal Executive Offices) (Zip Code)(858) 222-8041(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act: Title of Each Class Name of Exchange on Which RegisteredCommon Stock, par value $.001 The NASDAQ Capital MarketSecurities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act:None Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yes ¨ No  Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act. Yes ¨ No  Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 duringthe preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirementsfor the past 90 days. Yes  No ¨Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required tobe submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§ 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period thatthe registrant was required to submit and post such files). Yes  No ¨Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K(§229.405 of this chapter) is not contained herein, and willnot be contained, to the best of registrant’s knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K orany amendment to this Form 10-K. Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company. Seedefinitions of “large accelerated filer”, “accelerated filer” and “smaller reporting company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act (check one):Large accelerated filer o Accelerated filer Non-accelerated filer o (do not check if a smaller reporting company) Smaller Reporting Company oIndicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Act). Yes ¨ No As of March 13, 2014, 37,872,682 shares of the common stock, par value $.001, of the registrant were outstanding. The aggregate market value of the common stock held by non-affiliates, based upon the last sale price of the registrant’s common stock on June 30, 2013, wasapproximately $86.0 million. Shares of common stock held by each officer and director and by each person who is known to own 10% or more of theoutstanding common stock have been excluded in that such persons may be deemed to be affiliates of the Company. This determination of affiliate status isnot necessarily a conclusive determination for other purposes. DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCECertain information required to be disclosed in Part III of this report is incorporated by reference from the registrant’s Proxy Statement for the 2014 AnnualMeeting of Stockholders, which Proxy Statement will be filed no later than 120 days after the end of the fiscal year covered by this report. Table of Contents Table of Contents Page PART I. ITEM 1.BUSINESS4 ITEM 1A.RISK FACTORS12 ITEM 1B.UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS19 ITEM 2.PROPERTIES19 ITEM 3.LEGAL PROCEEDINGS19 ITEM 4.MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES20 PART II. ITEM 5.MARKET FOR REGISTRANT’S COMMON EQUITY, RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS ANDISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES20 ITEM 6.SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA21 ITEM 7.MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OFOPERATIONS23 ITEM 7A.QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK31 ITEM 8.FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA31 ITEM 9.CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS ON ACCOUNTING AND FINANCIALDISCLOSURE62 ITEM 9A.CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES63 ITEM 9B.OTHER INFORMATION65 PART III. ITEM 10.DIRECTORS, EXECUTIVE OFFICERS AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE66 ITEM 11.EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION66 ITEM 12.SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT AND RELATEDSTOCKHOLDER MATTERS67 ITEM 13. CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS, AND DIRECTOR INDEPENDENCE67 ITEM 14.PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTANT FEES AND SERVICES67 PART IV. ITEM 15.EXHIBITS AND FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES773Table of Contents PART I.Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking StatementsThis report includes “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of Section 21E of the Exchange Act. Those statements include statements regarding theintent, belief or current expectations of Apricus Biosciences, Inc. and its Subsidiaries (“we,” “us,” “our,” the “Company” or “Apricus”) and our managementteam. Any such forward-looking statements are not guarantees of future performance and involve risks and uncertainties, and actual results may differmaterially from those projected in the forward-looking statements. These risks and uncertainties include but are not limited to those risks and uncertainties setforth in Item 1A of this Report. In light of the significant risks and uncertainties inherent in the forward-looking statements included in this Report, theinclusion of such statements should not be regarded as a representation by us or any other person that our objectives and plans will be achieved. Further, theseforward-looking statements reflect our view only as of the date of this report. Except as required by law, we undertake no obligations to update any forward-looking statements and we disclaim any intent to update forward-looking statements after the date of this report to reflect subsequent developments.Accordingly, you should also carefully consider the factors set forth in other reports or documents that we file from time to time with the Securities andExchange Commission.ITEM 1. BUSINESSOverviewWe are a Nevada corporation that was initially formed in 1987. We have operated in the pharmaceutical industry since 1995, with a current primary focuson product development in the area of men’s and women’s health. Our proprietary drug delivery technology is a permeation enhancer called NexACT® and wehave one approved drug, Vitaros®, which uses the NexACT® delivery system and is approved for the treatment of erectile dysfunction (“ED”) in Canada andthrough the European Decentralized Procedure (“DCP”) in Europe. We have a second-generation Vitaros® product candidate (“Room Temperature Vitaros®”) indevelopment, which is a proprietary stabilized dosage formulation that can be stored at room temperature conditions. In the area of women’s health is ourproduct candidate, Femprox®, for female sexual interest / arousal disorder (“FSIAD”), which we are seeking to out-license to one or more partners for futuredevelopment.Growth StrategyTo develop and commercialize our NexACT® product and product candidates, we have the following primary initiatives:Commercialize and launch Vitaros® through partnershipsWe currently have commercial partnerships for Vitaros® with the following pharmaceutical companies in the countries indicated and will support theregulatory approval where not already obtained and ultimate commercialization of Vitaros® under these existing arrangements:PartnerLicensed TerritoryAbbott Laboratories Limited (“Abbott”)CanadaTakeda Pharmaceuticals International GmbH (“Takeda”)United Kingdom (the “UK”)Hexal AG (“Sandoz”)Germany, Austria, Belgium, Luxemburg, the Netherlands, Denmark,Finland, Iceland, Norway, Sweden and SwitzerlandLaboratoires Majorelle (“Majorelle”)France, Monaco and certain African countriesBracco SpA (“Bracco”)Italy, Vatican City and San MarinoRecordati Ireland Ltd. (“Recordati”)Spain, Ireland, Portugal, Greece, Cyprus, the CEE countries (Centraland Eastern Europe), Russia and the rest of the CIS countries (formerSoviet republics), Ukraine, Georgia, Turkey and certain AfricancountriesNeopharm Scientific Limited (“Neopharm”)Israel and the Palestinian National AuthorityElis Pharmaceuticals Limited (“Elis”)Gulf States and certain Middle Eastern countriesGlobal Harvest Pharmaceutical Corporation (“Global Harvest”)Australia and New Zealand4Table of Contents In the United States (“U.S.”), we sold the commercial rights to Vitaros® in 2009 to Warner Chilcott Company Inc., which is now owned by Actavis plc.(“Actavis”).Establish new Vitaros® licensing partnerships with international pharmaceutical companiesWe will in the future seek new partnerships to license and commercialize Vitaros® in remaining major markets not covered by existing partnerships and wherewe have patent protection for Vitaros®. These primarily consist of the following countries and regions: (a) Latin America: Mexico, Brazil and other Central andSouth American countries, and (b) certain Asian markets, including Japan and China. Based on the terms of our existing Vitaros® partnerships, we expectthat any such additional agreements will provide us with up-front payments and the right to receive regulatory and sales milestone payments as well as royaltypayments.Finalize a Femprox® strategy and initiate partnering discussionsWe have developed a regulatory and clinical plan to support the development of Femprox®, a product candidate for the potential treatment of FSIAD in the U.S.and Europe. We received regulatory guidance from the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (“FDA”) in August 2013 and the EU regulatory authorities inJanuary 2014. We expect to initiate a partnering search in 2014 with the objective of finding a suitable development and commercialization partner for thispipeline product.Develop additional technologies and products utilizing our NexACT® technology and/or acquire and develop other products focused on enhancingmen and women’s health and well-beingWe may develop additional product candidates utilizing our proprietary NexACT® technology and/or to acquire or develop other complementary productsusing the regulatory and development expertise gained in the area of men’s and women’s health.NexACT® Drug Delivery TechnologyThe NexACT® drug delivery technology is designed to enhance the delivery of an active drug to the patient. If successful, the combination of our NexACT ®technology with active drugs could improve therapeutic outcomes and reduce systemic side effects that often accompany existing medications.The NexACT® technology consists of a small molecule permeation enhancer called Dodecyl 2-(N,N dimethylamino)-propionate (“DDAIP”) that enables therapid absorption of high concentrations of an active pharmaceutical ingredient directly at the target site, which is designed to enhance the delivery of an activedrug to the patient.NexACT® was designed to enable multi-route administration of active drugs across numerous therapeutic classes. The NexACT® technology has been testedin human clinical trials by us and our partners as a means of transdermal delivery of drugs (through the skin) and has been shown in pre-clinical animalstudies to have the potential to serve as an effective vehicle for the delivery of a wide range of drugs and drug classes, via numerous routes of administration,including transdermal (topical), oral, subcutaneous, rectal and buccal (absorbed in the mouth).NexACT® is based on proprietary permeation enhancers that are biodegradable, biocompatible, and mimic the composition of human skin. NexACT® hasbeen tested in human clinical trials in over 5,000 patients, including those subjects exposed to Vitaros® and Femprox®. In these clinical trials, NexACT®demonstrated a favorable safety profile, with minimal serious adverse events that were likely attributed to the active ingredients in the drug candidates.NexACT® Sexual Health Product and Product Candidate PortfolioWe are focusing the majority of our financial resources and efforts on developing and commercializing our sexual health product, Vitaros® for the treatment ofED through our partners. Our sexual health product candidate for the treatment of FSIAD, Femprox®, is expected to be developed by, or in conjunction with, adevelopment partner, which we are seeking to select in 2014.Vitaros® for Erectile DysfunctionVitaros®, our lead product for the treatment of ED, is a topically-applied cream formulation of alprostadil, a vasodilator and NexACT®, which directlyincreases blood flow to the penis causing an erection. Alprostadil is a widely accepted alternative to the PDE5 inhibitors for difficult-to-treat patients. Followingthe approval by the European and Canadian Health Authorities, Vitaros® has been deemed a safe and effective treatment, and has the potential to address ameaningful market opportunity due to its patient-friendly form of administration versus both other alprostadil dosage forms and its safety profile relative tooral ED products currently on the market.5Table of Contents The current leading ED medications are sildenafil citrate (sold by Pfizer under the trade name Viagra®), tadalafil (sold by Eli Lilly under the trade nameCialis®), vardenafil (sold by GlaxoSmith Kline under the trade name Levitra®), and avanafil (sold by Auxillium Pharmaceuticals in the U.S. under the tradename Stendra®), which are taken in pill form and work by inhibiting an enzyme called PDE5. We believe there is a need for new, safe and effectivetreatments, especially for those patients who cannot take or do not respond well to oral medications. Vitaros® is a topically-applied, on-demand, non-PDE5inhibitor that may be appropriate for ED patients who:1.Want a faster-acting and on-demand treatment;2.Prefer a locally-acting treatment instead of an oral systemic treatment;3.Are contraindicated to PDE5 inhibitors due to medications or concurrent disease (estimated to be approximately 18% of the ED market);4.Are healthy enough to take the PDE5 inhibitors but stop taking them because they are non-responders (estimated to be approximately 21% ofthe ED market); or5.Drop out because of the non-dangerous side effects coming from oral PDE5 inhibitors.Factors such as these lead to an estimated 31% drop out rate after initial prescription for patients taking sildenafil citrate, which increases to an estimated 48%drop-out rate after three years of taking the drug.In clinical studies, Vitaros® showed efficacy in patients suffering from ED, including men who did not respond to sildenafil citrate. The side effects reportedwere localized and transient. According to the European Male Aging Study (“EMAS”) assessing ED prevalence in eight countries, 30% of men in that studyreported moderate or severe ED increasing to 64% in men 70 years or older. In Germany and Spain, the prevalence of ED was reported to be between 18-19%for men 40 years or older while in France, the percentage climbs to 32%. With an overall ex-U.S. ED market affecting nearly 150 million men worldwide andrepresenting approximately $2.0 billion in revenue, we believe that Vitaros® represents a major market opportunity, particularly as a distinct product thataddresses a significant underserved population.Vitaros® is currently manufactured by Therapex, a division of E-Z-EM Canada Inc., a wholly-owned subsidiary of Bracco SpA in Italy (“Therapex”). We arein the process of qualifying a second source of supply for Vitaros®, with the goal of providing commercial product for our partners from this second supplieras early as the fourth quarter of 2014.The first-generation Vitaros® product (“Cold Chain Vitaros®”) is an alprostadil formulation wherein the entire formulation is stored in one chamber of ourAccuDose® dispenser. This single-chamber formulation requires that the product be stored by customers in a refrigerator until a short time prior to use. ColdChain Vitaros® was the product used in the Company’s clinical trials, and was approved in Canada and Europe. In November 2010, Health Canadaapproved Cold Chain Vitaros® for a current shelf-life of nine months for the 330 micrograms (“mcg”) product and six months for the 220 mcg product. Theseshelf-life durations are calculated at a temperature of 2°C-8°C. At room temperature conditions, Cold Chain Vitaros® has an approved shelf-life of up to sevendays. Therefore, Cold Chain Vitaros® can be conveniently carried by the patient and brought up to room temperature prior to use. In June 2013, through theEuropean DCP, Vitaros® was approved for a current shelf-life of eighteen months for the 300 mcg product and nine months for the 200 mcg product. Theseshelf-life durations are calculated at a temperature of 2°C-8°. At room temperature conditions, Cold Chain Vitaros® has an approved shelf-life in Europe of upto three days through the European DCP.Room Temperature Vitaros® , our second-generation Vitaros® product candidate, is an alprostadil formulation wherein the product ingredients are expected tobe stored in two separate chambers, allowing alprostadil to be segregated from ingredients that cause alprostadil to become unstable at room temperature. Thecontents of each of the two chambers are then mixed in the dispenser immediately prior to use and this mixture is expected to result in the same pharmaceuticalformulation as the approved Cold Chain Vitaros®. This proprietary stabilized dosage form is expected to allow the product to be stored at room temperatureconditions and the current target shelf-life duration for Room Temperature Vitaros® is twenty-four months. We plan to perform the necessary equivalence andstability studies to market Room Temperature Vitaros® in Canada, Europe and other future-approved territories and to seek to increase the shelf-life over time.If successfully developed, this second-generation product candidate is expected to be available for the market in 2016.Competition for Vitaros® There is significant competition and financial incentive to develop, market and sell drugs for the treatment of ED. Leading drugs approved for ED indicationsare PDE5 inhibitors that target the vascular system, such as sildenafil citrate (sold by Pfizer under6Table of Contents the trade name Viagra®), vardenafil (sold by GlaxoSmith-Kline under the trade name Levitra®) and tadalafil (sold by Lilly under the trade name Cialis®) andavanafil (sold in the U.S. by Auxillium Pharmaceuticals under the trade name Stendra® and sold in Europe, Australia and New Zealand by The MenariniGroup under the trade name Spedra®). In addition, we are aware of other PDE5 inhibitors under development. Auxillium Pharmaceuticals launched avanafil(sold in the U.S. under the trade name Stendra®) in January 2014. As patents for the three major PDE5 inhibitors, sildenafil citrate, tadalafil and vardenafil,are expiring over various dates in each country, we anticipate that generic PDE5 inhibitors will impact the overall market for ED products. Generic PDE5inhibitors are being sold at lower prices than their brand equivalents. Other drugs approved for ED indications include alprostadil for injection (sold by Pfizerunder the trade name Caverject Impulse®, and Edex, sold in the U.S. by Auxillium Pharmaceuticals), which is injected directly into the penis, and alprostadilin urethral suppository format (sold by Meda under the trade name MUSE®). In addition, a variety of devices, including vacuum devices and surgical penileimplants, have been approved for ED indications. We are aware of a number of companies developing new drugs for ED indications. We are not aware of anycompany actively developing a topical alprostadil drug for ED.Commercialization of Vitaros® United StatesIn February 2009, we sold the U.S. rights for Vitaros® and the specific U.S. patents and trademarks covering Vitaros® for ED to Warner Chilcott CompanyInc. (“Warner Chilcott”). Under the terms of the agreement, we received gross proceeds of $2.5 million as an up-front payment and we are eligible to receive anadditional payment of $2.5 million upon receipt of an NDA approval from the FDA. The purchase agreement gives us the right to reference their work onVitaros® in our future filings outside the U.S., which may benefit us in international partnering opportunities as any additional data generated may furthervalidate the safety of the product and enhance its potential value. In October 2013, Warner Chilcott was acquired by Actavis plc. As such, we are not able toprovide guidance on the Actavis development and commercialization plans for Vitaros® until further clarity on the disposition of Vitaros® is provided byActavis.CanadaVitaros® was approved in November 2010 in Canada for the treatment of ED. In January 2012, we signed a license agreement in Canada with Abbott in orderfor them to commercialize and market Vitaros® in Canada. Under the agreement, we received $2.5 million in October 2012 as an up-front payment and areeligible to receive up to an additional $13.2 million in regulatory and sales milestones payments, plus tiered royalty payments based on Abbott’s sales of theproduct in Canada. We understand that Abbott continues to work towards the launch of Vitaros® in Canada.EuropeIn June 2013, we received approval in Europe through the DCP for commercialization of Vitaros®, giving us the right to sell Vitaros® in multiple countries inthe European Union. We then entered into the national step where each country makes decisions on region-specific issues such as approval of translations forlabeling, and pricing or reimbursement, if applicable. The national step can vary from approximately 60 to 180 days, or more in certain countries. Once thisstep is completed in any individual country, then the product can be marketed in that country. The national step is performed by the Marketing AuthorizationHolder (“MAH”). In countries where Vitaros® has been licensed to a partner, that partner will be the MAH and make the submissions. Vitaros® is currentlyapproved for marketing in the Netherlands, Germany, the UK, Ireland, Italy, France, Belgium and Sweden and is expected to be launched in 2014 in thecountries where we have commercial partners.ItalyIn December 2010, we entered into an exclusive license agreement for Italy with Bracco for Vitaros® for ED. Under the terms of the licensing agreement, Braccohas been granted exclusive rights in Italy to commercialize and market Vitaros® for ED under the Bracco trademark. In April 2011, we received €0.75 million($1.0 million), net of tax withholdings, as an up-front payment and we are eligible to receive up to a total of €4.75 million ($6.5 million as of December 31,2013) in regulatory and sales milestone payments and payments for certain regulatory filing costs. In 2013, we received an additional $0.3 million as a resultof regulatory milestone achievements. Additionally, we are entitled to receive tiered double-digit royalties on Bracco’s sales of Vitaros® in Italy. In November2013, the Italian Medicines Agency granted national phase approval to Vitaros® indicated for the treatment of ED patients in Italy with ED.7Table of Contents Germany, Benelux, the Nordics and SwitzerlandIn February 2012, we signed an exclusive license agreement (the “Agreement”) with Sandoz to market Vitaros® in Germany for the treatment of ED. Pursuantto the collaboration, we received $0.7 million in February 2012 and are eligible to receive up to an additional €0.4 million ($0.6 million as of December 31,2013) in regulatory milestones and €20.875 million ($28.7 million as of December 31, 2013) in aggregate sales milestones if all the regulatory and salesthresholds specified in the agreement are achieved, as well as tiered double-digit royalties on net sales by Sandoz in Germany. In December 2013, we amendedand restated the Agreement to include Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Luxembourg, Norway, the Netherlands, Sweden and Switzerland (the“Expanded Territory”). Pursuant to the amendment and in consideration for the Expanded Territory, we received an additional $2.0 million in January 2014 asan up-front payment and we are eligible to receive up to $2.5 million in marketing launch milestones as well as up to €20.875 million ($28.7 million as ofDecember 31, 2013) in sales milestones plus tiered double-digit royalties on net sales by Sandoz in the Expanded Territory.In 2013, Germany's Federal Institute for Drugs and Medical Devices, the Netherlands’ Medicines Evaluations Board and Sweden’s National Board of Healthand Welfare each granted national phase approval to Vitaros® indicated for the treatment of patients with ED. Then, in January 2014, Belgium’s Ministry ofSocial Affairs, Public Health and Environment granted national phase approval to Vitaros® indicated for the treatment of patients with ED.In July 2011, we filed a marketing application in Switzerland with Swissmedic, the Swiss Agency for Therapeutic Products, for Vitaros® as a treatment forpatients with ED. The Swiss regulatory comments for the marketing approval of Vitaros® are expected in the first half of 2014, following a non-approvaldecision, appeal by the Company and a subsequent notice of re-review received in early 2014.France, Monaco and certain African countriesIn November 2013, we signed an exclusive license agreement with Majorelle to market Vitaros® for the treatment of ED in France, Monaco and certain Africancountries. The African countries include the following: Algeria, Morocco, Tunisia, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Madagascar, Cameroon, Ivory Coast,Burkina Faso, Niger, Senegal, Mali, Rwanda, Guinea, Chad, Burundi, Benin, Togo, Central African Republic, Republic of the Congo, Gabon, Comoros,Equatorial Guinea, Djibouti, Ghana and Seychelles. Under the terms of the agreement, we received $1.8 million as an up-front payment and we are eligible toreceive up to an additional $2.2 million in marketing launch milestones as well as €15.5 million ($21.3 million as of December 31, 2013) in sales milestones,as well as double-digit tiered royalties on net sales of the drug by Majorelle. In addition to the license agreement, the Company and Majorelle were parties toseparate settlement and release agreements executed in early 2014 that had the effect of releasing the Company from potential liabilities associated with NexMedEurope SAS (fomerly Finesco SAS), Scomedica SAS and NexMed Pharma SAS (formerly Portalis SARL, collectively the former “French Subsidiaries”) ofthe Company. See Note 3 of the Consolidated Financial Statements. In December 2013, France's National Agency for Medicines and Health Products Safetygranted national phase approval to Vitaros® indicated for the treatment of patients with ED.The United KingdomIn September 2012, we signed an exclusive license agreement with Takeda in the UK for Vitaros® for ED. Under the terms of the licensing agreement, Takedahas been granted exclusive rights in the UK to commercialize and market Vitaros® for ED. We received $1.0 million in 2012 as an up-front payment and weare eligible to receive up to a total of €34.65 million ($47.7 million as of December 31, 2013) in regulatory and sales milestone payments and payments forcertain regulatory filing costs. Additionally, we are entitled to receive double-digit tiered royalties on Takeda’s sales of Vitaros® in the UK. In August 2013, theUnited Kingdom’s Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency granted national phase approval to Vitaros® indicated for the treatment of patientswith ED.Spain, Ireland, Portugal, Greece, Cyprus, the CEE countries, Russia as well as the other CIS countries, Ukraine, Georgia, Turkey and certainAfrican countriesIn February 2014, we entered into an exclusive license agreement with Recordati to market Vitaros® for the treatment of ED in Spain, Ireland, Portugal, Greece,Cyprus, the CEE Countries (Central and Eastern Europe), Russia as well as the other CIS Countries (former Soviet republics), Ukraine, Georgia, Turkeyand certain African countries. We received €1.8 million ($2.5 million) as an up-front payment in February 2014 and we are entitled to receive up to €1.0million ($1.4 million as of December 31, 2013) in launch payments and €34.5 million in sales milestones ($47.5 million as of December 31, 2013). Further,over the life of the agreement, we are entitled to receive tiered double-digit royalties based on Recordati’s sales of the product.Rest of World8Table of Contents The Middle EastIn January 2011, we entered into a license agreement with Elis, granting Elis the exclusive rights to commercialize Vitaros® for ED in the United ArabEmirates, Oman, Bahrain, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, Lebanon, Syria, Jordan, Iraq and Yemen (the “Elis Territory”). Under the license agreement, wereceived an upfront license fee of $0.1 million and we are eligible to receive milestone payments of up to $2.1 million over the term of the licenseagreement. The future milestones are tied to regulatory approval and the achievement of certain levels of aggregate net sales of Vitaros®. Additionally, we areentitled to receive escalating tiered double-digit royalties on Elis’ sales of Vitaros® in the Elis Territory.In February 2011, we entered into a license agreement with Neopharm, granting Neopharm the exclusive rights to commercialize Vitaros® in Israel and thePalestinian Territories (the “Neopharm Territory”) for ED. Under the license agreement, we received an upfront license fee of $0.1 million and we are eligible toreceive milestone payments of up to $4.35 million over the term of the license agreement. The future milestones are tied to regulatory approval and theachievement of certain levels of aggregate net sales of Vitaros®. Additionally, we are entitled to receive escalating tiered double-digit royalties on Neopharm’ssales of Vitaros® in the Neopharm Territory.Elis and Neopharm are responsible for the registration process in their respective territories.AsiaWe own the commercial rights to Vitaros® in Asia including Japan and in the future will be seeking commercial partners. We have not established developmentor commercial plans for these regions at this time.Australia and New ZealandIn June 2009, we entered into an exclusive license agreement with Global Harvest pursuant to which Global Harvest will market Vitaros® in Australia and NewZealand. We will receive a royalty payment on Global Harvest’s net sales of the product in those countries. Global Harvest is obligated to file for approval bymid-2015 following European approval of Vitaros® for ED.Latin AmericaWe own the commercial rights to Vitaros® in Latin America and in the future, will be seeking commercial partners. We have not established development orcommercial plans for these regions at this time.Other ServicesOn February 22, 2012, we entered into an Alprostadil Cream and Placebo Clinical Supply Agreement, as amended, with Warner Chilcott UK Limited(“Warner Chilcott UK”), which is now owned by Actavis, to supply them with certain quantities of Vitaros® along with associated testing services. Pursuantto the agreement, we recognized approximately $0.6 million and $0.5 million of revenue in 2013 and 2012, respectively.Femprox® for Female Sexual Interest & Arousal DisorderOur other NexACT® product candidate in the sexual health field is Femprox®, which is an alprostadil-based cream product candidate intended for thetreatment of FSIAD. Women with FSIAD have a lack of sexual desire and a persistent or recurring inability to attain or maintain sufficient sexual excitement.The lack of sufficient sexual excitement may be due to decreased subjective responsiveness or lack of genital lubrication and swelling or other somaticresponses. This disorder may be related to a medical/physiologic problem such as reduced genital blood flow and not necessarily related topsychological/hormonal factors as in other types of Female Sexual Dysfunction (“FSD”). FSIAD has been recognized as a sexual disorder diagnosis by theUnited States American Psychiatric Association as described in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Diseases, 5th Edition (“DSM-5”) issued inMay of 2013.We believe that Femprox® could be the first-in-class on-demand treatment for FSIAD and has the potential to be the first marketed drug for FSIAD, which webelieve has the potential to be a significant global market. To the Company’s knowledge, there are no other FDA-approved treatments currently available forFSIAD.Femprox® utilizes alprostadil, which induces vasodilation through a direct effect on vascular smooth muscle resulting in genital engorgement and surfacelubrication, which are components of genital arousal. NexACT®, as a patented proprietary permeation9Table of Contents enhancer, opens the cellular tight junction, allowing drugs to permeate through epidermal barriers, enabling rapid absorption of high concentrations ofalprostadil cream directly to the target site. The Femprox® cream will be contained in our proprietary unit-dose dispenser for easy application to the clitoris anddistal anterior vaginal wall. Femprox® produces a vasodilatory effect on the clitoris and vaginal epithelium and with susequent increased lubricationcontributing to sexual arousal.We have completed seven clinical studies to date on Femprox®. Approximately 100 women were exposed to Femprox® in Phase 1 clinical trials, including ahemodynamic assessment. In Phase 2/3 studies, approximately 350 female sexual arousal disorder patients were treated with various dosages of Femprox® toevaluate safety and efficacy.In a Phase 2/3 study conducted in 2005, we initiated clinical trials at four main research hospitals in China on approximately 400 patients where the cost forconducting clinical studies was significantly lower than in the U.S. The results of the Phase 2/3 study were that Femprox® met the primary endpoint with allthree dose levels and all secondary endpoints at the highest dose level resulting in statistically significant and clinically relevant responses compared to theplacebo group. In addition, the Phase 2/3 study showed a favorable safety and tolerability profile with only five patients (1.2%) withdrawing from the studybecause of local adverse events. No drug-related serious adverse events were reported in that study.We met with the U.S. FDA in August 2013 and with the European regulatory authorities in the Netherlands and Germany in January 2014, where we receivedregulatory guidance for the further development of Femprox®. Our strategic goal for this asset is to enter into one or more agreements with third parties for thedevelopment and ultimate commercialization of Femprox®, if successfully developed.Competition for Femprox®There is significant competition and financial incentive to develop, market and sell drugs for the treatment of FSIAD, and the larger category of FSD, forwhich there is no approved drug in the United States. We are aware of one drug utilizing a testosterone transdermal patch that completed two Phase 3 efficacytrials for treatment of FSD in surgically post-menopausal women, but which did not show statistical separation from placebo in those trials. The companydeveloping this drug has announced plans to initiate new Phase 3 clinical efficacy trials. We are also aware of a non-hormone oral drug, flibanserin, that hasbeen investigated for treatment of premenopausal women with hypoactive sexual desire disorder. In addition, Palatin Technologies, Inc. has completed Phase 2development of a melanocortin receptor agonist for FSD. A number of hormonal therapies have been commercialized for other indications, including progestin,androgen and localized estrogen therapies, but none have been approved by the FDA for FSIAD or FSD indications. There are other companies reported to bedeveloping new drugs for FSD indications, some of which may be in clinical trials in the United States or elsewhere. We are not aware of any companyactively developing a topical alprostadil drug for FSD.Patent PortfolioWe currently own or exclusively license from third parties approximately 313 (the granted patents include granted European patents nationalized in variousEuropean countries) issued patents which will expire from 2014 through 2028, approximately, and 170 patent applications which, should they issue, mayextend our patent exclusivity on our NexACT® technology, our acquired products and on our other products and technologies throughout the world untilapproximately 2032, based upon the potential expiration date of the last to expire of those patent applications. Patents covering Vitaros®, for ED, have beenissued in Australia, Brazil, Canada, Eurasia, Europe, Hong Kong, Israel, Japan, Mexico, New Zealand, Singapore, South Africa, South Korea, Turkey,Taiwan, and the United States. We have licensed our patent rights to Vitaros® to commercial partners in a number of these countries and we are activelyseeking commercial partners in other jurisdictions.In the United States, we hold thirteen main U.S. patents out of a series of U.S. patent families that we have filed in connection with our NexACT® technologyand our NexACT®-based products under development. To further strengthen our global patent position on our proprietary products under development and toexpand the patent protection to other markets, we have filed foreign patent applications, many of which correspond to our issued U.S. patents and pendingU.S. patent applications, in countries throughout the world. These foreign filings have resulted in numerous issued patents and currently pending patentapplications.While we have obtained patents and have patent applications pending, the extent of effective patent protection in the U.S. and other countries is highlyuncertain. No consistent policy addresses the breadth of claims allowed in or the degree of protection afforded under patents of medical and pharmaceuticalcompanies. Patents we currently own or may obtain might not be sufficiently broad to protect us against competitors with similar technology. Any of ourpatents could be invalidated or circumvented.10Table of Contents The holders of competing patents could determine to commence a lawsuit against us and may even prevail in any such lawsuit. Litigation could result insubstantial cost to and diversion of effort by us, which may harm our business. In addition, our efforts to protect or defend our proprietary rights may not besuccessful or, even if successful, may result in substantial cost to us.Trademark PortfolioWe currently own approximately 83 registered trademarks as well as 65 pending trademark applications and 5 allowed pending trademark applicationsworldwide. We own registered trademarks for Vitaros®, Femprox® and NexACT® in certain countries and territories throughout the world.While we have obtained registered trademarks, have trademark applications pending and may have common law trademark rights where applicable, the extentof effective trademark protection in the U.S. and other countries is highly uncertain. Trademarks we currently own or may obtain might not be sufficientlybroad to protect us against competitors. Any of our trademarks could be invalidated or circumvented.Even where we have registered trademarks, competitors could seek to invalidate these registrations. Any such litigation could result in substantial cost to anddiversion of effort by us, which may harm our business. In addition, our efforts to protect or defend our proprietary rights may not be successful or, even ifsuccessful, may result in substantial cost to us.Governmental RegulationThe FDA, comparable agencies in other countries, and state regulatory authorities have established regulations and guidelines which apply to, among otherthings, the clinical testing, manufacturing, safety, efficacy, labeling, storage, record keeping, advertising, promotion, marketing and distribution of ourproposed products. Noncompliance with applicable requirements can result in fines, recalls or seizures of products, total or partial suspension of production,refusal of the regulatory authorities to approve marketing applications, withdrawal of approvals and criminal prosecution. Before a drug product is approvedby the FDA, or equivalent agencies in other countries, for commercial marketing, three phases of human clinical trials are usually conducted to test the safetyand effectiveness of the product. Phase 1 clinical trials most typically involve testing the drug on a small number of healthy volunteers to assess the safetyprofile of the drug at different dosage levels. Phase 2 clinical trials, which may also enroll a relatively small number of patient volunteers, are designed tofurther evaluate the drug’s safety profile and to provide preliminary data as to the drug’s effectiveness in humans. Phase 3 clinical trials consist of larger, well-controlled studies that may involve several hundred or thousand patient volunteers representing the drug’s targeted population. During any of these phases, theregulatory agencies can place the clinical trial on clinical hold, or temporarily or permanently stop the clinical trials for a variety of reasons, principally forsafety concerns. After approving a product for marketing, the regulatory agency may require post-marketing testing, including extensive Phase 4 studies, and surveillance tomonitor the safety and effectiveness of the product in general use. The regulatory agency may withdraw product approvals if compliance with regulatorystandards is not maintained or if problems occur following initial marketing. In addition, the regulatory agency may impose restrictions on the use of a drugthat may limit its marketing potential. The failure to comply with applicable regulatory requirements in the United States and in other countries in which weconduct development activities could result in a variety of fines and sanctions, such as warning letters, product recalls, product seizures, suspension ofoperations, fines and civil penalties or criminal prosecution. In addition to obtaining approval of an NDA or its equivalent from the FDA or other regulatoryagencies for any of our proposed products, any facility that manufactures such a product must comply with current good manufacturing practices (GMPs).This means, among other things, that the drug manufacturing establishment must be registered with, and subject to inspection by, the applicable governmentauthority. Foreign manufacturing establishments must also comply with GMPs and are subject to periodic inspection by the FDA or by correspondingregulatory agencies in such other countries under reciprocal agreements with the FDA. In complying with standards established by the FDA, manufacturingestablishments must continue to expend time, money and effort in the areas of production and quality control to ensure full technical compliance. We will usecontract manufacturing establishments, in the United States or in foreign countries, to manufacture our proposed products, and will depend on thoseestablishments to comply with GMPs and other regulatory requirements.11Table of Contents Segment and Geographic Area InformationWe currently operate in a single segment, through which we design and develop pharmaceutical products with our NexACT® platform. We made the strategicdecision in December 2012 to focus on our core product candidates associated with sexual health and the underlying NexACT® technology. As a result, wechose to divest our U.S.-based oncology supportive care business, which was aggregated into our pharmaceuticals segment and is presented in ourconsolidated financial statements as a discontinued operation for all periods presented. Our contract sales segment was eliminated as a result of thedeconsolidation of the Company’s former French Subsidiaries on April 25, 2013, which was the date we no longer controlled the former French Subsidiariesin accordance with consolidation accounting guidance. Additionally, in July 2013, we sold our diagnostic sales segment and are now focused exclusively onthe pharmaceutical products segment of our business.Executive Officers of the RegistrantInformation concerning our executive officers, including their names, ages and certain biographical information can be found in Part III, Item 10. “Directors,Executive Officers and Corporate Governance.” This information is incorporated by reference into Part I of this report.EmployeesAs of March 13, 2014, we have 21 full time employees in the United States. None of our employees are represented by a collective bargaining agreement. Webelieve that we have a good relationship with our employees.Available InformationWe file annual, quarterly and current reports, proxy statements and other information with the Securities and Exchange Commission, and we have an Internetwebsite address at http://www.apricusbio.com. We make available free of charge on our Internet website address our annual report on Form 10-K, quarterlyreports on Form 10-Q, current reports on Form 8-K, and amendments to those reports filed or furnished pursuant to Sections 13(a) or 15(d) of the ExchangeAct as well as our proxy statements as soon as reasonably practicable after we electronically file such material with, or furnish it to, the SEC. You may alsoread and copy any document we file at the Securities and Exchange Commission’s public reference room located at 100 F Street, N.E., Washington, D.C.20549. Please call the Securities and Exchange Commission at 1-800-732-0330 for further information on the operation of such public reference room. You alsocan request copies of such documents, upon payment of a duplicating fee, by writing to the Securities and Exchange Commission at 450 Fifth Street, N.W.,Washington, D.C. 20549 or obtain copies of such documents from the Securities and Exchange Commission’s website at http://www.sec.gov.ITEM 1A.RISK FACTORSRisks Related to the CompanyWe expect to continue to require external financing to fund our operations, which may not be available.We expect to require external financing to fund our long-term operations. As of December 31, 2013, we had cash and cash equivalents of approximately $21.4million. We believe we have sufficient cash reserves to fund our on-going operations through mid-2015, however, we expect to continue to have net cashoutflows from operations in 2014 as we continue to support commercial launches of Vitaros®, further develop our second generation Vitaros® product andexpend any costs related to the advancement of our pipeline assets. While we have historically generated modest revenues from our operations, we do notbelieve that revenues will be sufficient for the foreseeable future to fund our long-term ongoing operations, including the development and commercialization ofour product candidates and general operating expenses, including legal, audit and public company listing fees. Given our current lack of profitability andlimited capital resources, we may not be able to fully execute all the elements of our strategic plan, including seeking additional market approvals andcommercializing Vitaros® and developing and implementing a partnering strategy for Femprox®. If we are unable to accomplish these objectives, our businessprospects would be diminished and we will likely be unable to achieve profitability.We have a history of operating losses and an accumulated deficit, and we may be unable to generate sufficient revenue to achieve profitability inthe future.We have not marketed or generated significant product sales revenues or royalty revenues in the U.S. or foreign countries from our products or productcandidates, we have never been profitable and we have incurred an accumulated deficit of approximately12Table of Contents $268.1 million from our inception through December 31, 2013. We have incurred these losses principally from costs incurred in funding the research,development and clinical testing of our drug candidates, from our general and administrative expenses and from our efforts to support commercialization ofVitaros® by our partners.Our ability to generate revenues and become profitable depends, among other things, on (1) the successful commercialization of Vitaros® in major marketsoutside the United States, and (2) the successful development, approval and commercialization of our proposed NexACT® product candidates includingFemprox®. If we are unable to accomplish these objectives, we may be unable to achieve profitability and would need to raise additional capital to sustain ouroperations.In markets where Vitaros® is approved, we are substantially dependent on marketing partners to successfully commercialize Vitaros®.In markets where Vitaros® has received regulatory approval, including in Canada and in Europe through the DCP, we do not have or expect to have any salesor marketing infrastructure. Accordingly, our operating results and long-term success is substantially dependent on the commercialization efforts of ourmarketing partners. Consummation of new Vitaros® and NexACT® partnering arrangements is subject to the negotiation of complex contractual relationshipsand we may not be able to negotiate such agreements on a timely basis, if at all, or on terms acceptable to us. In jurisdictions where we commercialize ourproducts with partners the amount of revenue we receive from product sales will be lower than if we commercialized directly, as we will be required to share therevenues with our partners. If our partners’ commercialization efforts for Vitaros® are unsuccessful, we may realize little or no revenue from sales in suchmarkets.We and our licensees depend upon third party manufacturers for our products Vitaros® and Femprox® and other products and productcandidates, and for the raw materials, components, chemical supplies, and dispensers required for our finished products.We do not manufacture any of our products and product candidates including Vitaros® and Femprox®. As such, we are dependent on third partymanufacturers for the supply of these products and product candidates. In particular, Therapex has been our sole supplier of Vitaros® and, although we are inthe process of qualifying a second supplier, this supply line has not yet been validated and the process for validation can be costly and time consuming. Themanufacturing process for our products is highly regulated and regulators may refuse to qualify new suppliers and/or terminate manufacturing at existingfacilities that they believe do not comply with regulations. Further, our commercial partners, such as Abbott in Canada, may require changes in the productspecifications which could cause delays or additional costs to be incurred. The inability of our contract manufacturers to successfully produce commercialquantities of Vitaros® with an acceptable shelf-life could delay or prevent a commercial launch in certain territories, which would negatively affect our potentialfuture revenues.Our third-party manufacturers and suppliers are subject to numerous regulations, including Good Manufacturing Practices, or cGMP, FDA regulationsgoverning manufacturing processes and related activities and similar foreign regulations. Our third-party manufacturers and suppliers are independent entitieswho are subject to their own operational and financial risks that are out of our control. If we or any of these third-party manufacturers or suppliers fail toperform as required or fail to comply with the regulations of the FDA and other applicable governmental authorities, our ability to deliver our products on atimely basis or receive royalties or continue our clinical trials would be adversely affected. Also, the manufacturing processes of our manufacturing partnersmay be found to violate the proprietary rights of others, which could interfere with their ability to manufacture products on a timely and cost effective basis.In addition, we and our licensees are also dependent on third party manufacturers and suppliers of raw materials, components, chemical supplies for theactive drugs in our products and those product candidates under development for the formulation and supply of our NexACT® enhancers and finishedproducts including dispensers that are essential in the production of our products Vitaros®, Femprox® and other products and product candidates. These rawmaterials, components, chemical supplies, finished products and dispensers must be supplied on a timely basis and at satisfactory quality levels.If our third party product manufacturers or suppliers of raw materials, components, chemical supplies, finished products and dispensers fail to producequality products on time and in sufficient quantities or if we are unable to secure adequate alternative sources of supply for such materials, components,chemicals, finished products and dispensers, our results would suffer, as we or our licensees would encounter costs and delays in re-validating new thirdparty suppliers.13Table of Contents Our financial prospects depend in part on the ability of our contract manufacturer and our suppliers to produce and deliver Vitaros® in Canada,Europe and other countries within the approved product specifications. If Vitaros® is not able to be manufactured and provided to customerswithin the desired specifications, the expected sales by our partners may not be possible and our financial results would be negatively impacted.We are dependent upon our suppliers and manufacturers of active drug substance, proprietary excipient and other components used in Vitaros® to produce anddeliver these materials for Vitaros® manufacturing according to the approved quality specifications filed with the regulatory authorities and according to GMP.If these suppliers or manufacturers are not able to supply these materials in a consistent and timely manner or fail to meet the regulatory requirements toinclude Vitaros® product specifications, then Vitaros® would not be able to be manufactured.Similarly, we are dependent upon a contract manufacturer to produce Vitaros® dosage form according to the approved specifications for each territory. If themanufacturer is not able to make Vitaros® for any reason, such as an unexpected plant shutdown, failure of certain inspections by regulatory authorities,equipment failure or inability to meet approved regulatory specifications for Vitaros®, then Vitaros® would not be able to be delivered to our partners.While we have no reason to believe that our contract manufacturers will not be able to successfully manufacture according to the requirements, any unforeseendelay or inability to manufacture could significantly impact our financial results.The product specifications for Vitaros®, and other pharmaceutical products, are governed by the applicable jurisdiction’s regulatory authorities and thosespecifications may affect the ability of our partners to manufacture a product with a desired product shelf-life, prescribing information or other productcharacteristics that impact their marketing goals. Such product specifications are specific to each individual jurisdiction’s market-approval directives and aregenerally not applicable to those product specifications approved by other countries regulatory authorities.The manufacturing specifications for producing Vitaros® in Canada affect the expected shelf-life that can be achieved for the product. Abbott, our marketingpartner in Canada, is working with their contract manufacturer to optimize the shelf-life period for the cold-chain product prior to launch. We understand thatAbbott is considering seeking potential changes in the approved product specifications in order to increase the shelf-life and corresponding commercialpotential of the product. If any of our partners are unable to achieve the desired product shelf life within approved specifications, our financial results could benegatively impacted.Pre-clinical and clinical trials are inherently unpredictable. If we or our partners do not successfully conduct the clinical trials or gain regulatoryapproval, we or our partners may be unable to market our product candidates.Through pre-clinical studies and clinical trials, our product candidates, such as Femprox®, must be demonstrated to be safe and effective for their indicateduses. Results from pre-clinical studies and early clinical trials may not be indicative of, or allow for, prediction of results in later-stage testing. Many of thepre-clinical studies that we have conducted are in animals with “models” of human disease states. Although these tests are widely used as screeningmechanisms for drug candidates before being advanced to human clinical studies, results in animal studies are less reliable predictors of safety and efficacythan results of human clinical studies. Future clinical trials may not demonstrate the safety and effectiveness of our product candidates or may not result inregulatory approval to market our product candidates. Commercial sales in any territory cannot begin until approval is received from the applicable regulatoryauthorities, including the FDA in the U.S. We have sold all rights to Vitaros® for ED to Actavis for sales into the U.S. Actavis has not been successful inobtaining approval for Vitaros® in the U.S. and any inability to have the drug approved by the FDA for ED could have a negative effect on our prospects andthe Company’s stock price.If we are unable to adequately establish, maintain and protect our intellectual property rights, we may incur substantial litigation costs and may beunable to generate significant product revenue.Protection of the intellectual property for our products and product candidates is of material importance to our business in the U.S. and other countries. Wehave sought and will continue to seek proprietary protection for our product candidates to attempt to prevent others from commercializing equivalent products.Our success may depend on our ability to (1) obtain effective patent protection within the U.S. and internationally for our proprietary technologies andproducts, (2) defend patents we own, (3) preserve our trade secrets and (4) operate without infringing upon the proprietary rights of others. In addition, wehave agreed to indemnify certain of our partners for certain liabilities with respect to the defense, protection and/or validity of our patents and would also berequired to incur costs or forgo revenue if it is necessary for our partners to acquire third party patent licenses in order for them to exercise the licenses acquiredfrom us.14Table of Contents While we have obtained patents and have many patent applications pending, the extent of effective patent protection in the U.S. and other countries is highlyuncertain and involves complex legal and factual questions. No consistent policy addresses the breadth of claims allowed in, or the degree of protectionafforded under, patents of medical and pharmaceutical companies. Patents we currently own or may obtain might not be sufficiently broad enough to protectus against competitors with similar technology. Any of our patents could be invalidated or circumvented.Furthermore, holders of competing patents could allege that our activities infringe on their rights and could potentially prevail in litigation against us. We havealso sold certain patents in transactions where we have licensed out rights to our drug candidates. In certain of these transactions, we have agreed to indemnifythe purchaser from third party patent claims, which could expose us to potentially significant damages for patents that we no longer own. Any litigation couldresult in substantial cost to us and would divert management’s attention, which may harm our business. In addition, our efforts to protect or defend ourproprietary rights may not be successful or, even if successful, may result in substantial cost to us.We face a high degree of competition.We are engaged in a highly competitive industry. We and our licensees compete against many companies and research institutions that research, develop andmarket products in areas similar to those in which we operate. For example, Viagra®(Pfizer), Cialis®(Lilly), Levitra®(Glaxo Smith Kline) are currentlyapproved for treatment of ED.These and other competitors may have specific expertise and development technologies that are better than ours and many of these competitors, which includelarge pharmaceutical companies, have substantially greater financial resources, larger research and development capabilities and substantially greaterexperience than we do. Accordingly, our competitors may successfully develop competing products. We are also competing with other companies and theirproducts with respect to manufacturing efficiencies and marketing capabilities, areas where we have limited or no direct experience.A number of other companies have attempted to gain approval in the U.S. and foreign countries for products similar to Femprox® for indicationssimilar to Female Sexual Interest and Arousal Disorder and have not been successful.There have been numerous other companies that have tried to gain regulatory approval for a product in the U.S. or in any other country to treat Female SexualInterest and Arousal Disorder (“FSIAD”). To date, to the Company’s knowledge, no such products have been approved by the FDA or any other regulatoryagency and no products are currently on the market for this disorder. A number of companies such as BioSante for its drug LibiGel®, Proctor & Gamble forits drug Intrinsa® and Boehringer Ingelheim for its drug Girosa®, have invested substantial resources in pre-clinical and clinical development on suchproducts and have failed to have them approved by the FDA or any other regulatory agency. There is no guarantee that the Company’s product candidate,Femprox®, will be approved by the FDA or any other regulatory agency or that we will realize any revenues from sales of or for the partnering agreements forFemprox®.Our pharmaceutical expenditures may not result in commercially successful products.We cannot be sure our business expenditures will result in the successful acquisition, development or launch of products that will prove to be commerciallysuccessful or will improve the long-term profitability of our business. If such business expenditures do not result in successful acquisition, development orlaunch of commercially successful brand products, our results of operations and financial condition could be materially adversely affected.Business development activity involves numerous risks, including the risks that we may be unable to integrate an acquired business successfullyand that we may assume liabilities that could adversely affect us.In order to augment our product pipeline or otherwise strengthen our business, we may decide to acquire or license additional businesses, products andtechnologies. Acquisitions could require us to raise significant capital and involve many risks, including, but not limited to, the following:•difficulties in achieving identified financial revenue synergies, growth opportunities, operating synergies and cost savings;•difficulties in assimilating the personnel, operations and products of an acquired company, and the potential loss of key employees;•difficulties in consolidating information technology platforms, business applications and corporate infrastructure;•difficulties in integrating our corporate culture with local customs and cultures;15Table of Contents •possible overlap between our products or customers and those of an acquired entity that may create conflicts in relationships or other commitmentsdetrimental to the integrated businesses;•our inability to achieve expected revenues and gross margins for any products we may acquire;•the diversion of management’s attention from other business concerns;•risks and challenges of entering or operating in markets in which we have limited or no prior experience, including the unanticipated effects of exportcontrols, exchange rate fluctuations, foreign legal and regulatory requirements, and foreign political and economic conditions; and•difficulties in reorganizing, winding-down or liquidating operations if not successfulIn addition, foreign acquisitions involve numerous risks, including those related to changes in local laws and market conditions and due to the absence ofpolicies and procedures sufficient to assure compliance by a foreign entity with U.S. regulatory and legal requirements. Business development activitiesrequire significant transaction costs, including substantial fees for investment bankers, attorneys, and accountants. Any acquisition could result in ourassumption of material unknown and/or unexpected liabilities. We also cannot assure you that we will achieve any cost savings or synergies relating to recentor future acquisitions. Additionally, in any acquisition agreement, the negotiated representations, warranties and agreements of the selling parties may notentirely protect us, and liabilities resulting from any breaches could exceed negotiated indemnity limitations. These factors could impair our growth and abilityto compete; divert resources from other potentially more profitable areas; or otherwise cause a material adverse effect on our business, financial position andresults of operations.The financial statements of acquired companies, or those that may be acquired in the future, are prepared by management of such companies and are notindependently verified by our management. In addition, any pro forma financial statements prepared by us to give effect to such acquisitions may notaccurately reflect the results of operations of such companies that would have been achieved had the acquisition of such entities been completed at thebeginning of the applicable periods.We may be subject to product liability and similar claims, which may lead to a significant financial loss if our insurance coverage is inadequate.We are exposed to potential product liability risks inherent in the development, testing, manufacturing, marketing and sale of human therapeuticproducts. Product liability insurance for the pharmaceutical industry is extremely expensive, difficult to obtain and may not be available on acceptable terms,if at all. Although we maintain various types of insurance, we have no guarantee that the coverage limits of such insurance policies will be adequate. If liabilityclaims were made against us, it is possible that our insurance carriers may deny, or attempt to deny, coverage in certain instances. A successful claim againstus if we are uninsured, or which is in excess of our insurance coverage, if any, could have a material adverse effect upon us and on our financial condition.Our business and operations would be adversely impacted in the event of a failure or security breach of our information technologyinfrastructure.We rely upon the capacity, reliability and security of our information technology hardware and software infrastructure and our ability to expand and updatethis infrastructure in response to our changing needs. We are constantly updating our information technology infrastructure. Any failure to manage, expandand update our information technology infrastructure or any failure in the operation of this infrastructure could harm our business.Despite our implementation of security measures, our systems may be vulnerable to damages from computer viruses, natural disasters, unauthorized access,and other similar disruptions. Our business is also potentially vulnerable to break-ins, sabotage and intentional acts of vandalism by third parties as well asemployees. Any system failure, accident or security breach could result in disruptions to our operations. To the extent that any disruption or security breachresults in a loss or damage to our data, or inappropriate disclosure of confidential information, it could harm our business. In addition, we may be required toincur significant costs to protect against damage caused by these disruptions or security breaches in the future.If we fail to attract and retain senior management and key scientific personnel, we may be unable to successfully operate our business.Our success depends, in part, on our continued ability to attract, retain and motivate highly qualified management and scientific personnel and on our abilityto develop and maintain important relationships with healthcare providers, clinicians and scientists. We are highly dependent upon our senior managementand scientific staff. Although we have employment agreements with five of16Table of Contents our executives, these agreements are generally terminable at will at any time, and, therefore, we may not be able to retain their services as expected. The loss ofservices of one or more members of our senior management and scientific staff could delay or prevent us from successfully operating ourbusiness. Competition for qualified personnel in the biotechnology and pharmaceuticals field is intense, particularly in the San Diego, California area, whereour offices are located. We may need to hire additional personnel to support commercial efforts for Vitaros®. We may not be able to attract and retain qualifiedpersonnel on acceptable terms.Our ability to maintain, expand or renew existing business relationships and to establish new business relationships, particularly in the drug developmentsector, also depends on our ability to subcontract and retain scientific staff with the skills necessary to keep pace with continuing changes in drugdevelopment technologies.From time to time we are subject to various legal proceedings, which could expose us to significant liabilities.We, as well as certain of our officers and distributors, are subject, from time to time, to a number of legal proceedings, including those described in the Notesto the consolidated financial statements included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. Litigation is inherently unpredictable, and these claims and disputesmay result in significant legal fees and expenses and could divert management’s time and other resources. If we are unable to successfully defend or settle anyclaims asserted against us, we could be liable for damages and be required to alter or cease certain of our business practices or product lines. Any of theseoutcomes could cause our business, financial performance and cash position to be negatively impacted. There is no guarantee of a successful result in any ofthese lawsuits, either in defending these claims or in pursuing counterclaims.Management’s determination that a material weakness exists in our internal controls over financial reporting could have a material adverseimpact on our ability to produce timely and accurate financial statements.The Sarbanes-Oxley Act requires that we report annually on the effectiveness of our internal controls over financial reporting. Among other things, we mustperform systems and processes evaluation testing. We must also conduct an assessment of our internal controls to allow management to report on, and ourindependent public accounting firm to attest to, our internal controls over financial reporting, as required by Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act. Ourmanagement concluded that a material weakness existed in our internal control over financial reporting as of the year ended December 31, 2012 and continuedto exist as of the year ended December 2013. As a result of this material weakness, management also determined that our disclosure controls and procedureswere not fully effective.In connection with our compliance and remediation efforts, we have incurred and expect to continue to incur or expend, substantial accounting and otherexpenses and significant management time and resources. Our future assessment, or the future assessment by our independent registered public accountingfirm, may reveal additional material weaknesses in our internal controls. If not remediated, a material weakness, and any future potential material weaknessesidentified by management could result in future errors in our financial statements or in documents we file with the SEC.Industry RisksInstability and volatility in the financial markets in the global economy are likely to have a negative impact on our ability to raise necessary funds.During the past several years, there has been substantial volatility in financial markets due in part to the global economic environment. In addition, there hasbeen substantial uncertainty in the capital markets and access to financing is uncertain. These conditions are likely to have an adverse effect on our industry,licensing partners and business, including our financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.We expect to need to raise capital through equity sales and/or incur indebtedness, if available, to finance operations. However, continued volatility in the capitalmarkets and may have an adverse effect on our ability to fund our business strategy through sales of capital stock or through borrowings, in the public orprivate markets on terms that we believe to be reasonable, if at all.Changes in trends in the pharmaceutical and biotechnology industries, including difficult market conditions, could adversely affect our operatingresults.Industry trends and economic and political factors that affect pharmaceutical, biotechnology and medical device companies also affect our business. In thepast, mergers, product withdrawal, liability lawsuits and other factors in the pharmaceutical industry have slowed decision-making by pharmaceuticalcompanies and delayed drug development projects. Continuation or increases in these trends could have an adverse effect on our business. 17Table of Contents The biotechnology, pharmaceutical and medical device industries generally and drug discovery and development more specifically are subject to increasinglyrapid technological changes. Our competitors might develop technologies, services or products that are more effective or commercially attractive than ourcurrent or future technologies, services or products, or that render our technologies, services or products less competitive or obsolete. If competitors introducesuperior technologies, services or products and we cannot make enhancements to our technologies, services or products to remain competitive, our competitiveposition, and in turn our business, revenue and financial condition, would be materially and adversely affected.We and our licensees are subject to numerous and complex government regulations which could result in delay and expense.Governmental authorities in the U.S. and other countries heavily regulate the testing, manufacture, labeling, distribution, advertising and marketing of ourproposed product candidates. None of our proprietary products under development have been approved for marketing in the U.S. Before any products wedevelop are marketed, FDA and comparable foreign agency approval must be obtained through an extensive clinical study and approval process.The failure to obtain requisite governmental approvals for our product candidates under development in a timely manner or at all would delay or preclude usand our licensees from marketing our product candidates or limit the commercial use of our product candidates, which could adversely affect our business,financial condition and results of operations.Because we intend that our product candidates will also be sold and marketed outside the U.S., we and/or our licensees will be subject to foreign regulatoryrequirements governing the conduct of clinical trials, product licensing, pricing and reimbursements. These requirements vary widely from country tocountry. The failure to meet each foreign country’s requirements could delay the introduction of our proposed product candidates in the respective foreigncountry and limit our revenues from sales of our proposed product candidates in foreign markets.Successful commercialization of our product candidates may depend on the availability of reimbursement to the consumer from third-party healthcare payers,such as government and private insurance plans. Even as Vitaros® is commercialized by our marketing partners, reimbursement to consumers may not beavailable or sufficient to allow the realization of an appropriate return on our investment in product development or to sell our product candidates on acompetitive basis. In addition, in certain foreign markets, pricing or profitability of prescription pharmaceuticals is subject to governmental controls. In theU.S., federal and state agencies have proposed similar governmental control and the U.S. Congress has recently adopted regulatory reforms that affectcompanies engaged in the healthcare industry. Pricing constraints on our product candidates in foreign markets and possibly in the U.S. could adverselyaffect our business and limit our revenues.We face uncertainty related to healthcare reform, pricing and reimbursement, which could reduce our revenue.In the U.S., President Obama signed in March 2010 the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act, as amended by the Health Care and EducationAffordability Reconciliation Act (collectively, “PPACA”). As a result of PPACA, substantial changes could be made to the current healthcare system,including changes made in order to extend medical benefits to those who currently lack insurance coverage. Extending coverage to a large population couldsubstantially change the structure of the health insurance system and the methodology for reimbursing medical services, drugs and devices. These structuralchanges could entail modifications to the existing system of private payers and government programs, such as Medicare, Medicaid and State Children’sHealth Insurance Program, creation of a government-sponsored healthcare insurance source, or some combination of both, as well as other changes.Restructuring the coverage of medical care in the United States could impact the reimbursement for prescribed drugs, biopharmaceuticals, medical devices orour product candidates. If reimbursement for our products is substantially less than we expect in the future, or rebate obligations associated with them aresubstantially increased, our business could be materially and adversely impacted. Further, numerous foreign governments are also undertaking efforts tocontrol growing healthcare costs through legislation, regulation and voluntary agreements with medical care providers and pharmaceutical companies.Sales of Vitaros® and other product candidates, if approved, will depend in part on the availability of coverage and reimbursement from third-party payerssuch as U.S. and foreign government insurance programs, including Medicare and Medicaid, private health insurers, health maintenance organizations andother health care related organizations. Both the federal and state governments in the United States and foreign governments continue to propose and pass newlegislation affecting coverage and reimbursement policies, which are designed to contain or reduce the cost of health care. Further federal and state proposalsand healthcare reforms are likely that could limit the prices that can be charged for the product candidates that we develop and may further limit ourcommercial opportunity. There may be future changes that result in reductions in current coverage and reimbursement levels for our products and we cannotpredict the scope of any future changes or the impact that those changes would have on our operations.Adoption by the medical community of Vitaros® and other product candidates, if approved, may be limited if third-party payers will not offer coverage. Costcontrol initiatives may decrease coverage and payment levels for drugs, which in turn would negatively18Table of Contents affect the price that we will be able to charge. We are unable to predict all changes to the coverage or reimbursement methodologies that will be applied byprivate or government payers to any drug candidate we have in development. Any denial of private or government payer coverage or inadequate reimbursementfor our products could harm our business and reduce our revenue.Risks Related to Owning Our Common StockWe are vulnerable to volatile stock market conditions.The market prices for securities of biopharmaceutical and biotechnology companies, including ours, have been highly volatile. The market has from time totime experienced significant price and volume fluctuations that are unrelated to the operating performance of particular companies. In addition, futureannouncements, such as the results of testing and clinical trials, the status of our relationships with third-party collaborators, technological innovations ornew therapeutic products, governmental regulation, developments in patent or other proprietary rights, litigation or public concern as to the safety of productsdeveloped by us or others and general market conditions concerning us, our competitors or other biopharmaceutical companies, may have a significant effecton the market price of our common stock. In the past, when the market price of a stock has been volatile, holders of that stock have been more likely to initiatesecurities class action litigation against the company that issued the stock. If any of our stockholders brought a lawsuit against us, we could incur substantialcosts defending the lawsuit. The lawsuit could also divert the time and attention of our managementWe do not expect to pay dividends on our common stock in the foreseeable future.Although our stockholders may receive dividends if, as and when declared by our board of directors, we do not intend to declare dividends on our commonstock in the foreseeable future. Therefore, you should not purchase our common stock if you need immediate or future income by way of dividends from yourinvestment.We may issue additional shares of our capital stock that could dilute the value of your shares of common stock.We are authorized to issue 85,000,000 shares of our capital stock, consisting of 75,000,000 shares of our common stock and 10,000,000 shares of ourpreferred stock. Pursuant to an “at-the-market” (“ATM”) offering facility entered into in December 2011 and amended in April 2013, we may, from time totime, sell up to $20.0 million worth of our common stock, of which $17.1 million remained available as of December 31, 2013. In light of our future capitalneeds, we may also issue additional shares of common stock at below current market prices or additional convertible securities that could dilute the earningsper share and book value of your shares of our common stock. These issuances would dilute existing stockholders and could depress the value of ourcommon stock.In addition to provisions providing for proportionate adjustments in the event of stock splits, stock dividends, reverse stock splits and similar events, theoutstanding convertible debt instrument which currently representing the right to potentially acquire approximately one million shares of common stockprovide (with certain exceptions) for an adjustment of the exercise or conversion price if we issue shares of common stock at prices lower than the then exerciseor conversion price or the then prevailing market price. This means that if we need to raise equity financing at a time when the market price for our commonstock is lower than the exercise or conversion price, or if we need to provide a new equity investor with a discount from the then prevailing market price, thenthe exercise price will be reduced and the dilution to stockholders increased.ITEM 1B. UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTSNone.ITEM 2. PROPERTIESWe currently lease two properties in San Diego for approximately 16,000 square feet, consisting of a corporate office and a warehouse facility.ITEM 3. LEGAL PROCEEDINGSAs of December 31, 2013, we were a party to the following litigation and may also be involved in other litigation arising in the ordinary course of businessfrom time to time. We intend to vigorously defend our interests in these matters. We expect that the resolution of these matters will not have a material adverseeffect on our business, financial condition or results of operations. However, due to the uncertainties inherent in litigation, no assurance can be given as to theoutcome of these proceedings.19Table of Contents Versailles Civil Court SummonsAs a result of a decrease in the unit’s operating performance resulting from recently enacted pricing policies affecting drug reimbursement in France, thesubsequent related loss or interruption of certain contract sales agreements and in this context, our decision to cease financing our former French Subsidiariesentered into a judicial liquidation procedure on April 25, 2013.In June 2013, the Versailles Civil Court (the “Civil Court”) authorized the French Works Council (which represents individuals previously employed by theformer French Subsidiaries) to deliver a writ of summons to us for a hearing in the Civil Court in September 2013. In the summons it was claimed that wewere the co-employer of the individuals working for Scomedica and that, as such, were liable for the financing of a job protection plan. The summons sought€4.1 million ($5.6 million as of December 31, 2013) from us.In February 2014, the Global Settlement Agreement (the “Global Settlement Agreement”) by and among the Company, the Works Council, the JudicialLiquidator of both Scomedica SAS and NexMed Europe SAS, the Trustee of NexMed Pharma SAS and Laboratoires Majorelle, became effective uponratification by the Versailles Commercial Court (the “Commercial Court”). In March 2014, the Company signed individual settlement agreements with theformer employees of Scomedica SAS, which are expected to be fully executed in March 2014 and become effective upon notification by the Commercial Courtin March or April 2014.Pursuant to the aforementioned settlement agreements, the respective parties are waiving all claims they have asserted or could assert against the Companyrelating to the liquidation and reorganization of the French Subsidiaries, the Company is not required to make any direct payments to those parties and theWorks Council agrees to the withdrawal of proceedings and actions relating to their €4.1 million claim against the Company.With the resolution of these matters in 2014, the approximate $2.8 million liability reflected in the most recent consolidated balance sheet of the Company willbe released in 2014.ITEM 4. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURESNot applicable.PART II.ITEM 5. MARKET FOR REGISTRANT'S COMMON EQUITY, RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS AND ISSUER PURCHASES OFEQUITY SECURITIESOur Common Stock is traded on the NASDAQ Capital Market (“NASDAQ”) under the symbol “APRI.”On March 12, 2014, the last reported sales price for our Common Stock on NASDAQ was $2.53 per share, and we had approximately 132 holders of recordof our Common Stock. One of our shareholders is Cede & Co., a nominee for Depository Trust Company, or DTC. Shares of common stock that are held byfinancial institutions as nominees for beneficial owners are deposited into participant accounts at DTC, and are considered to be held of record by Cede & Co.as one stockholder.The following table sets forth the range of the high and low sales prices for our Common Stock as reported by NASDAQ for each quarter from January 1,2012 to December 31, 2013. 2013 2012 High Low High LowFirst quarter $3.34 $2.04 $5.66 $2.64Second quarter $3.41 $2.28 $3.59 $2.47Third quarter $2.41 $1.91 $3.48 $2.69Fourth quarter $2.68 $1.72 $3.29 $1.90Dividends20Table of Contents We have never paid cash dividends on our Common Stock and do not have any plans to pay cash dividends in the foreseeable future. Our Board of Directorsanticipates that any earnings that might be available to pay dividends will be retained to finance our business.Unregistered sales of equity securities and use of proceedsNone.Performance GraphThe following graph shows the cumulative total stockholder return of an investment of $100 in cash on December 31, 2008 through December 31, 2013, for(i) our common stock, (ii) the NASDAQ Composite Index and (iii) the NASDAQ Biotech Index. Pursuant to applicable SEC rules, all values assumereinvestment of the full amount of all dividends; however, no dividends have been declared on our common stock to date. The stockholder return shown onthe graph below is not necessarily indicative of future performance, and we do not make or endorse any predictions as to future stockholder returns.*$100 invested on 12/31/08 in stock or index, including reinvestment of dividends. Fiscal year ending December 31, 2013. ITEM 6. SELECTED FINANCIAL DATAThe selected consolidated financial data set forth below as of December 31, 2013 and 2012, and for the fiscal years ended December 31, 2013, 2012 and2011, are derived from our audited consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this report. This information should be read in conjunction withthose consolidated financial statements, the notes thereto, and with “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results ofOperations.” The selected consolidated financial data set forth below as of December 31, 2011, 2010 and 2009, and for the fiscal years ended December 31,2010 and 2009, are derived from our audited consolidated financial statements that are contained in reports previously filed with the SEC, not included herein.21Table of Contents Five Year Selected Financial Data For the Years Ended December 31, (1)(2) 2013 (3)(4) 2012 (3)(4) 2011 (4) 2010 2009 (In thousands, except share and per share data)Statements of Operations Data: Total revenue $2,511 $7,945 $3,603 $4,446 $2,974Gross (loss) profit (120) 3,705 1,745 889 2,845Total costs and expenses 17,247 28,715 20,032 22,418 6,665Loss from continuing operations before other income(expense) (17,367) (25,010) (18,287) (21,529) (3,820)Loss from continuing operations (15,870) (25,676) (18,225) (29,636) (32,043)(Loss) income from discontinued operations (1,068) (6,095) 108 128 —Net loss (16,938) (31,771) (18,117) (29,508) (32,043)Basic and diluted loss per common share (5) Loss from continuing operations $(0.46) $(0.94) $(0.91) $(2.50) $(5.43)Loss from discontinued operations $(0.03) $(0.22) $0.01 $0.01 $—Net loss $(0.49) $(1.16) $(0.90) $(2.49) $(5.43)Weighted average shares outstanding, basic anddiluted loss per share 34,413,253 27,458,184 20,023,456 11,847,703 5,906,455 As of the Years Ended December 31, 2013 2012 2011 2010 2009 (In thousands)Consolidated Balance Sheets Data Cash & cash equivalents $21,405 $15,130 $7,435 $9,146 $480Total assets 23,310 23,879 16,616 18,864 20,933Long term liabilities 578 6,492 1,777 4,980 4,053Accumulated deficit (268,066) (251,128) (219,357) (201,240) (171,732)(1)In December 2009, we acquired Bio-Quant, Inc. (“Bio-Quant”) for $13.7 million, which included the issuance of promissory notes for $12.1 millionand 0.3 million shares of common stock valued at $1.6 million. The results of Bio-Quant’s operations have been included in the Five Year SelectedFinancial Data from the date of acquisition through June 2011, the date that Bio-Quant was sold to an unrelated third party. Costs associated with themerger of $0.6 million were expensed during 2009. In connection with the valuation of the future expected cash flows and the goodwill related to Bio-Quant at December 31, 2010, an impairment charge of $9.1 million was recorded in 2010 representing the then recorded goodwill from thisacquisition. A loss on the sale of $2.8 million was recognized during 2011 and a recovery of the loss was recognized during 2012 and 2013 for earn-outpayments received that, at the time of sale, were considered to have no value, each in the amount of $0.3 million.(2)In June 2013, we determined that the BQ Kits division would be offered for sale to qualified buyers and in July 2013, it was sold to an unrelated third-party. For all years included in the Five Year Selected Financial Data, it is presented as discontinued operations.(3)On July 12, 2012, we, by way of contribution, accepted 100% percent of the outstanding common shares of Finesco SAS (now NexMed Europe SAS),for an aggregate purchase price, net of cash paid for costs and cash acquired, of $6.7 million, and included the issuance of 2.6 million shares ofcommon stock valued at $8.6 million. The results of Finesco’s operations have been included in the Five Year Selected Financial Data from the date ofacceptance. During the fourth quarter of 2012, the Company recorded a charge in the amount of $8.3 million for the impairment of the goodwillassociated with the Finesco acquisition and a related charge recorded as tax expense in the amount $1.3 million partially offset by $0.8 million in taxbenefit recorded in 2012 after the acceptance of the Finesco shares to record a valuation allowance on the recoverability of the deferred tax assetsacquired as part of the Finesco transaction. Also in the fourth quarter of 2012, the Company made the decision to cease funding of its former FrenchSubsidiaries and the businesses were deconsolidated in April 2013. The Company has a liability of $2.8 million recorded as of December 31, 2013which represents liabilities the Company may have been liable for as of that date as a result of the liquidation.22Table of Contents (4)In December 2011, the Company acquired TopoTarget USA, Inc., for $3.5 million, which included the issuance of 0.3 million in shares of commonstock valued at $1.7 million. In February 2012, the Company also acquired the co-promotion rights to sell Granisol® in the United States and otherterritories. In March 2013, following the Company’s strategic decision to divest this business, the Company sold to Biocodex, Inc. (“Biocodex”) all ofthe Company’s rights and certain information, property and inventory related to the Totect® assets for $1.5 million plus the right to receive fromBiocodex double-digit, tiered, decreasing royalties. The Company retained all liabilities related to Totect®. The Company recorded a net loss of $1.4million during the first quarter of 2013 related to the sale. The net results of these operations are reported as discontinued operations for the year endedDecember 31, 2013 and 2012. The net liabilities are reported as continuing operations in the consolidated balance sheet data as of December 31, 2013but as discontinued operations in the consolidated balance sheet data as of December 31, 2012 and 2011.ITEM 7.MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONSDisclosures Regarding Forward-Looking StatementsThis report includes “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of Section 21E of the Exchange Act. Those statements include statements regarding theintent, belief or current expectations of Apricus Biosciences, Inc. and Subsidiaries (“we,” “us,” “our,” the “Company” or “Apricus”) and our managementteam. Any such forward-looking statements are not guarantees of future performance and involve risks and uncertainties, and actual results may differmaterially from those projected in the forward-looking statements. These risks and uncertainties include but are not limited to those risks and uncertainties setforth in Item 1A of this Report. In light of the significant risks and uncertainties inherent in the forward-looking statements included in this Report, theinclusion of such statements should not be regarded as a representation by us or any other person that our objectives and plans will be achieved. Further, theseforward-looking statements reflect our view only as of the date of this report. Except as required by law, we undertake no obligations to update any forward-looking statements and we disclaim any intent to update forward-looking statements after the date of this report to reflect subsequent developments.Accordingly, you should also carefully consider the factors set forth in other reports or documents that we file from time to time with the Securities andExchange Commission.Results of OperationsRevenues and gross profit from continuing operations were as follows (in thousands, except percentages): Year Ended December 31, 2013 vs 2012 2012 vs 2011 2013 2012 2011 $ Change % Change $ Change % ChangeLicense fee revenue$941 $4,276 $877 $(3,335) (78)% $3,399 388 %Grant revenue— — 483 — N/M (483) (100)%Product sales21 23 — (2) (9)% 23 N/MContract service revenue1,549 3,646 2,243 (2,097) (58)% 1,403 63 %Total revenue2,511 7,945 3,603(5,434)(68)%4,342121 %Cost of product sales23 10 — 13 130 % 10 N/MCost of service revenue2,608 4,230 1,858 (1,622) (38)% 2,372 128 %Gross (loss) profit$(120) $3,705 $1,745 $(3,825) (103)% $1,960 112 %23Table of Contents RevenueThe $5.4 million decrease in total revenue during the year ended December 31, 2013 as compared to the prior year is primarily due to the non-recurrence of$4.3 million in upfront license fees from our commercial partners Sandoz, Abbott and Takeda, received during the year ended December 31, 2012. This waspartially offset by $0.6 million in license fee revenue in 2013 from Bracco and $0.3 million in license fee revenue from Sandoz as a result of substantivemilestones received upon regulatory approvals in Italy and Germany, respectively. This decrease was also due to decreased contract service revenue in 2013 ascompared to the prior year due to the loss of certain contract service customers in France in 2013 as compared to 2012, following the deconsolidation of ourformer French Subsidiaries in April 2013. We expect our cash inflows from operations during 2014 will be from licensing and milestone revenues receivedfrom commercial partners for our Vitaros® product. The timing of these revenues are uncertain, as such our revenue will vary significantly between periods.The $4.3 million increase in total revenue during the year ended December 31, 2012 as compared to the prior year was primarily attributable to recognizing$4.3 million in upfront license fees during 2012 from Sandoz, Abbott and Takeda compared to a total of $0.9 million recognized in 2011 from Bracco, Elisand Neopharm. Additionally, we recognized $2.9 million of revenue from contract services related to our former French subsidiaries, which were included inour statements of operations beginning in July 2012, as well as service revenue from Warner Chilcott in the amount of $0.5 million in 2012. These increaseswere partially offset by the $2.1 decrease in contract service revenue resulting from the sale of our subsidiary, Bio-Quant, in June 2011 and for a $0.5 millionreduction in grant revenue from government grants awarded to us during 2011 under the QTDP program. We did not apply for grants during 2012.Cost of Service RevenueOur cost of service revenue includes compensation, related personnel expenses and contract services to support our contract service revenue. The $1.6 milliondecrease in cost of service revenue during the year ended December 31, 2013, as compared to the prior year, is primarily due to contract services related to ourformer French Subsidiaries, which were included in our statements of operations beginning July 2012 and deconsolidated in April 2013. Accordingly, the 2013results include approximately four months of expenses for the French operations and 2012 includes approximately five and one-half months of expenses.Additionally, we had comparable contract service expenses in 2013 as compared to 2012 related to our Warner Chilcott service revenue.The $2.4 million increase in cost of service revenue during the year ended December 31, 2012, as compared to the prior year, is primarily due to contractservices related to our former French Subsidiaries, which were included in our statements of operations beginning in July 2012. In addition, we incurredapproximately $0.3 million in contract service expenses related to our Warner Chilcott service revenue. These increases were partially offset by the $1.8 milliondecrease in expenses associated with our subsidiary, Bio-Quant, which was sold in June 2011. Costs and Expenses, netCosts and expenses, net from continuing operations were as follows (in thousands, except percentages): Year Ended December 31, 2013 vs 2012 2012 vs 2011 2013 2012 2011 $ Change % Change $ Change % ChangeCosts and expenses, net Research and development$5,123 $5,375 $5,821 $(252) (5)% $(446) (8)%General and administrative13,554 15,336 11,451 (1,782) (12)% 3,885 34 %Gain on contract settlement(534) — — (534) N/M — N/M(Recovery) loss on sale of subsidiary(255) (250) 2,760 (5) 2 % (3,010) (109)%Deconsolidation of former French Subsidiaries(641) — — (641) N/M — N/MImpairment on goodwill and intangible assets— 8,254 — (8,254) (100)% 8,254 N/MTotal costs and expenses, net$17,247 $28,715 $20,032 $(11,468) (40)% $8,683 43 %Loss from operations$(17,367) $(25,010) $(18,287) $7,643 (31)% $(6,723) 37 %24Table of Contents Research and Development ExpensesResearch and development costs are expensed as incurred and include the cost of compensation and related expenses, as well as expenses for third parties whoconduct research and development on our behalf, pursuant to development and consulting agreements in place. The $0.3 million decrease in our research anddevelopment expenditures during the year ended December 31, 2013, as compared to the prior year, reflects a decrease in license fees related to the purchase ofa PediatRx license in 2012 offset by an increase in consulting services to support our regulatory filings for Vitaros® in Europe. We expect to have net cashoutflows from operations in 2014 as we further develop Room Temperature Vitaros® and seek to develop new product candidates within our pipeline using ourexisting technology.The $0.4 million decrease in our research and development expenditures during the year ended December 31, 2012, as compared to the prior year, reflects thedecrease in contract research services related to transitioning the manufacturing of Vitaros® from development to commercial production.General and Administrative ExpensesGeneral and administrative expenses include expenses for personnel, finance, legal, business development and investor relations.The $1.8 million decrease in general and administrative expenses during 2013, as compared to the prior year, is due to compensation charges in 2012 of $0.5million in severance expenses related to the departure of our former CEO and associated non-cash charges in the amount of $0.7 million related to theacceleration of the former CEO’s unvested options. Additionally, expenses related to our former French Subsidiaries decreased $0.9 million in 2013 ascompared to the prior period following the deconsolidation of the former French Subsidiaries in April 2013. This was partially offset by higher legal expensesrelated to the disposition of certain assets and businesses and certain litigation expenses.The $3.9 million increase in our general and administrative expenses during 2012, as compared to the prior year, is due to general and administrative expensesassociated with our former French subsidiaries which accounted for $1.9 million of the increase. In addition, we incurred increased legal and accounting feesof approximately $0.9 million related to acquired businesses and assets, a $0.5 million impairment charge for our property held for sale, a related charge of$0.2 million for impaired deferred rental income related to the property held for sale and a $0.5 million in severance expenses related to the departure of ourformer CEO and associated non-cash charges in the amount of $0.7 million related to the acceleration of the former CEO’s unvested options. These increaseswere partially offset by reductions in patent expenses of $0.2 million, licensing fees of $0.3 million and other decreases in general and administrative by$0.3 million.Gain on Contract SettlementThe $0.5 million gain on contract settlement recorded during 2013 represents the difference between the $1.2 million value of our common shares issued toTopoTarget in exchange for the extinguishment from our balance sheet of $1.7 million of contingent consideration that was recorded for the potential value offuture milestones associated with the purchase of the Totect product.(Recovery) Loss on Sale of SubsidiaryDuring 2011, upon the sale of our subsidiary, Bio-Quant, we recognized a loss of $2.8 million as other operating loss. Due to the uncertainty associated withthe contingent consideration due from the buyer, future minimum payments were not recognized in accounts receivable as of the sale date. In both 2013 and2012, we received $0.3 million in payments from the buyer of our former subsidiary, Bio-Quant. At the time of receipt of payment, we recognized a recoveryon the sale of subsidiary, which we expect will continue to be the accounting treatment for future payments received, if any.Deconsolidation of former French SubsidiariesAs a result of our former French Subsidiaries entering into judicial liquidation procedures in April 2013, we deconsolidated the former French Subsidiaries inthe second quarter of 2013, which resulted in a non-cash benefit of $0.6 million in the second quarter of 2013. In addition, we have recorded a liability of $2.8million as of December 31, 2013, equal to the net deconsolidation liabilities. The Global Settlement Agreement became effective upon ratification by theVersailles Commercial Court in February 2014, releasing us from all liabilities related to the liquidation of the former French Subsidiaries. As a result, the$2.8 million liability reflected on our consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2013 will be released during 2014.Impairment on Goodwill and Intangible Assets25Table of Contents During 2012, we determined that the value of our Apricus Pharmaceuticals’ goodwill of $1.1 million and the trade name for Totect®, the technology license forTotect® and the intangible asset associated with the rights to co-promote Granisol® equaling $1.8 million, were impaired and charges were recorded to write offthe entire value of goodwill and write down the intangible assets to its estimated fair value of $1.9 million. These impairments are presented within the lossfrom discontinued operations in our consolidated statement of operations.Also in 2012, we determined that the goodwill associated with NexMed Europe SAS (formerly Finesco SAS) was impaired due to changes in reimbursementpolicy in France that now heavily favors generic drugs. This resulted in Scomedica experiencing a loss and interruption in certain key contract agreementsrelated to this policy change. Accordingly we recorded a charge of $8.3 million to write down the entire balance of goodwill as of December 31, 2012. Thisimpairment is presented in impairment of goodwill and intangible assets on the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss.As of December 31, 2013, we had no goodwill or intangible assets on our consolidated Balance Sheet.Other Income and ExpenseOther income and expense were as follows (in thousands, except percentages): Year Ended December 31, 2013 vs 2012 2012 vs 2011 2013 2012 2011 $ Change % Change $ Change % ChangeOther (expense) income Interest expense, net$(727) $(325) (364) $(402) 124 % $39 (11)%Gain on sale of investment2,600 — — 2,600 N/M — N/MOther expense, net(376) 175 426 (551) (315)% (251) (59)%Total other (expense) income$1,497 $(150) $62 $1,647 N/M $(212) (342)%Interest Expense, netInterest expense increased $0.4 million during 2013 as compared to the prior year, primarily due to non-cash interest expense in 2013 as a result of amortizationof the discount related to the 2012 Convertible Notes (See Note 7 in the Notes to the consolidated financial statements) as well as non-cash interest expenserelated to contingent consideration, which has since been removed from our balance sheet following the settlement agreement with TopoTarget during the thirdquarter of 2013.Interest expense during 2012 was comparable to interest expense during 2011 and was mainly due to the interest paid on our $4.0 million convertible notespayable.Gain on sale of investmentWe previously held a restricted investment in a privately-held biotechnology company, which was valued at zero in our consolidated financial statements as ofDecember 31, 2012. In 2013, we sold our investment in the entity and realized net proceeds of approximately $2.6 million, which was reflected as a gain onsale of investment during the fourth quarter of 2013 in our Consolidated Statement of Operations.Other Expense, netOther expense, net, increased $0.6 million during 2013 as compared to the prior year primarily due to $0.3 million of expense associated with the change in themarket value of the derivative liability related to the 2012 Convertible Notes (See Note 7 in the Notes to the consolidated financial statements) as well as higherrental income of $0.4 million in 2012.Other expense, net, increased $0.3 million during 2012 as compared to the prior year as a result of the sale of fixed assets in 2012 of $0.3 million.26Table of Contents Liquidity, Capital Resources and Financial ConditionWe have experienced net losses and negative cash flows from operations each year since our inception. Through December 31, 2013, we had an accumulateddeficit of $268.1 million, recorded a net loss of approximately $16.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2013, and have been principally financedthrough the public offering of our common stock and other equity securities, private placements of equity securities, debt financing and up-front paymentsreceived from commercial partners for our products under development. Funds raised in recent periods include approximately $15.8 million from our May2013 follow-on public offering and approximately $18.4 million from our February 2012 follow-on public offering. Additionally, we raised approximately$0.8 million during the year ended December 31, 2013, from the sale of common stock via our ATM stock selling facility and approximately $2.0 millionfrom this facility in 2012. In March 2013, we completed the sale of our New Jersey Facility to a third party resulting in net proceeds to us of approximately$3.6 million (See Note 5 in the Notes to the consolidated financial statements). Also in March 2013, we received $1.5 million in cash as consideration for thesale of our Totect® assets (See Note 4 in the Notes to the consolidated financial statements). In November 2013, we received $2.6 million in cash upon sale ofsecurities from an investment previously held and in December 2013, we received $1.8 million as an upfront payment for a license agreement signed withMajorelle. These cash-generating activities should not necessarily be considered an indication of our ability to raise additional funds in any future periods dueto the uncertainty associated with raising capital.Our cash and cash equivalents as of December 31, 2013 were approximately $21.4 million. In January 2014, we received an up-front license payment of $2.0million from Sandoz and a regulatory milestone payment of $0.2 million from Majorelle for approval of Vitaros® in France. We expect to require additionalexternal financing to fund our long-term operations. Based upon our current business plan, we believe we have sufficient cash reserves to fund our on-goingoperations through mid-2015. We expect to have net cash outflows from operations in 2014 as we support the market approvals where not already obtainedand partner commercialization plans for Vitaros®, further develop Room Temperature Vitaros®, and seek to develop new product candidates using our existingtechnology. We may also have additional net cash outflows related to $2.75 million of convertible notes, which are, at the holders’ option, redeemable in cashupon maturity at December 31, 2014, or convertible into shares of common stock. We expect the majority of our cash inflows from operations during 2014will be from licensing and milestone revenues received from existing and potentially new commercial partners for licenses granted for Vitaros®.Based on our recurring losses, negative cash flows from operations and working capital levels, we will need to raise substantial additional funds to financeour operations. If we are unable to maintain sufficient financial resources, including by raising additional funds when needed, our business, financialcondition and results of operations will be materially and adversely affected. There can be no assurance that we will be able to obtain the needed financing onreasonable terms or at all. Additionally, equity financings may have a dilutive effect on the holdings of our existing stockholders.We currently have one effective shelf registration statement on Form S-3 filed with the SEC under which we may offer from time to time any combination ofdebt securities, common and preferred stock and warrants. This registration statement includes our ATM common stock selling facility through Ascendiant.This facility allows us to raise cash through the sale of newly-issued shares of our common stock. As of December 31, 2013, we have approximately $46.0million available under the S-3 shelf registration statement as well as an additional $17.1 million available under the ATM common stock selling facility withAscendiant. Our ATM common stock selling facility may be terminated by either party by giving proper written notice. The rules and regulations of the SECor any other regulatory agencies may restrict our ability to conduct certain types of financing activities, or may affect the timing of and amounts we can raiseby undertaking such activities.Even if we are successful in obtaining additional cash resources to support further development of our products, we may still encounter additional obstaclessuch as our development activities not being successful, our products not proving to be safe and effective, clinical development work not being completed in atimely manner or at all, or anticipated products not being commercially viable or successfully marketed. Additionally, our business could require additionalfinancing if we choose to accelerate product development expenditures in advance of receiving up-front payments from development and commercial partners.If our efforts to raise additional capital when needed through equity or debt financings are unsuccessful, we may be required to delay or scale-back ourdevelopment plans, reduce costs and personnel and cease to operate as a going concern. These financial statements do not include any adjustments that mightresult from the outcome of this uncertainty.Cash Flow SummaryThe following table summarizes selected items in our consolidated statements of cash flows (in thousands):27Table of Contents 2013 2012 2011Net cash used in operating activities from continuing operations $(15,103) $(12,397) $(9,832)Net cash provided by investing activities from continuing operations 3,059 1,368 344Net cash provided by financing activities from continuing operations 16,631 20,766 7,666Net cash provided by (used in) discontinued operations 1,688 (2,285) 111Effect of exchange rate changes on cash — 243 —Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents $6,275 $7,695 $(1,711)Operating Activities from continuing operationsCash used in operating activities was $15.1 million in 2013, compared to $12.4 million in 2012. The $2.7 million decrease in cash provided by operatingactivities in 2013 as compared to 2012 is due to a decrease in net loss from continuing operations of $9.8 million from 2012 to 2013, adjusted for non-cashitems including stock based compensation expense of $2.0 million, a benefit of $0.6 million related to the deconsolidation of our former French Subsidiaries,and a $0.5 million gain on contract settlement. The change in net operating assets resulted mainly from a decrease in accounts payable and a decrease inaccrued compensation offset by an increase in deferred revenue.Cash used in operating activities was $12.4 million in 2012, compared to $9.8 million in 2011. The $2.6 million decrease in cash provided by operatingactivities in 2012 as compared to 2011 is due to a decrease in net loss from continuing operations of $7.5 million from 2011 to 2012, adjusted for non-cashitems including $8.3 million of impairment charges to goodwill and intangible assets, stock based compensation expense of $2.9 million as well as a $1.3million deferred tax provision charge. The change in net operating assets resulted mainly from a decrease in prepaid expenses and other current assets offset byan increase in accounts payable.Cash used in operating activities in 2011 consisted of net loss from continuing operations of $18.2 million offset by changes of $8.4 million in net operatingassets, for total cash used in operating activities of $9.8 million. The primary non-cash expenses added back to net loss included stock based compensationexpense of $2.1 million, a $2.8 million loss on the sale of our Bio-Quant subsidiary as well as $0.6 million in depreciation and amortization expense. Thechange in net operating assets resulted mainly from increases to accrued expenses and accounts payable.Investing Activities from continuing operationsCash provided by investing activities totaled $3.1 million in 2013. We had proceeds of $3.7 million from the sale of our New Jersey facility, offset by fixedasset purchases of $0.6 million and $0.3 million for the deposit of restricted cash.Cash provided by investing activities totaled $1.4 million in 2012 primarily as a result of acquiring cash of $2.1 million in the acquisition of our formerFrench Subsidiaries partially offset by purchases of $0.4 million in fixed assets.Cash used in investing activities totaled $0.3 million in 2011 primarily as a result of the receipt of $0.5 million from the sale of our Bio-Quant subsidiarypartially offset by $0.3 million in purchases of fixed assets.Financing Activities from continuing operationsCash provided by financing activities totaled $16.6 million in 2013. We received proceeds of $16.6 million from the sale of common stock, primarily inconnection with a May 2013 financing.Cash provided by financing activities totaled $20.8 million in 2012. We received proceeds of $20.4 million from the sale of common stock, primarily inconnection with a February 2012 financing offset by the net extinguishment of convertible notes payable.Cash provided by financing activities totaled $7.7 million in 2011 primarily as a result of the receipt of $6.2 million in proceeds from the sale of commonstock, $1.4 million from the exercise of warrants and $0.6 million from the release of restricted cash.Off-Balance Sheet ArrangementsAs of December 31, 2013, we did not have any off-balance sheet arrangements as defined in Item 303(a)(4)(ii) of Regulation S-K.28Table of Contents Contractual ObligationsAs of December 31, 2013, future minimum principal payments due under our contractual obligations are as follows (in thousands): Payments Due by Period Total Less Than 1Year 1-3 Years 3-5 Years After 5YearsCapital lease obligations $30 $20 $10 $— $—Operating lease obligations 1,161 412 749 — —Deferred compensation 675 180 360 135 —Convertible Notes (1) 2,750 2,750 — — —Total $4,616 $3,362 $1,119 $135 $—(1)The 2012 Convertible Notes are, at the holders’ option, redeemable in cash upon maturity at December 31, 2014 or convertible into shares of commonstock at a conversion price ($2.58 per share as of December 31, 2013), which price is subject to adjustment upon certain dilutive issuances ofcommon stock. The 2012 Convertible Notes carry an interest rate of 7% per annum, which is payable quarterly at our option in cash or, if our netcash balance is less than $3.0 million at the time of payment, in shares of common stock. If paid in shares of common stock, then the price of thestock issued will be determined as 95% of the five-day weighted average of the market price of the common stock prior to the time of payment.Additionally, $1.5 million of the aggregate original principal amount of notes are subject to redemption by the holders at their election on April 1, 2014.The 2012 Convertible Notes have a remaining face value of $2.75 million and are presented on the consolidated balance sheet at a net face value of$2.6 million.Recent Accounting PronouncementsSee Note 2, Summary of Significant Accounting Policies—Adoption of Recent Accounting Pronouncements and Pending Adoption of Recent AccountingPronouncements, in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for a discussion of recent accounting pronouncements and their effect, if any, on us.Critical Accounting Estimates and PoliciesThe preparation of financial statements in accordance with United States (“U.S.”) generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”) requires management tomake estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in our consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes. Management bases itsestimates on historical experience, market and other conditions, and various other assumptions it believes to be reasonable. Although these estimates are basedon management’s best knowledge of current events and actions that may impact us in the future, the estimation process is, by its nature, uncertain given thatestimates depend on events over which we may not have control. If market and other conditions change from those that we anticipate, our consolidatedfinancial statements may be materially affected. In addition, if our assumptions change, we may need to revise our estimates, or take other corrective actions,either of which may also have a material effect on our consolidated financial statements. We review our estimates, judgments, and assumptions used in ouraccounting practices periodically and reflect the effects of revisions in the period in which they are deemed to be necessary. We believe that these estimates arereasonable; however, our actual results may differ from these estimates.We believe that the following critical accounting policies and estimates have a higher degree of inherent uncertainty and require our most significant judgments.In addition, changes in the accounting estimates we use are reasonably likely to occur from time to time and had we used estimates different from any of these,our consolidated financial statements could have been materially different from those presented. Members of our senior management have discussed thedevelopment and selection of our critical accounting policies and estimates, and our disclosure regarding them, with the Audit Committee of our Board ofDirectors. Our accounting policies are more fully described in Note 1 to the Consolidated Financial Statements in Part II, Item 8 of this Form 10-K.Revenue recognitionHistorically, we have generated revenues from the licensing of technology rights, product sales, performance of pre-clinical testing services, and contract salesservices. Payments received under commercial arrangements, such as the licensing of technology29Table of Contents rights, may include non-refundable fees at the inception of the arrangements, milestone payments for specific achievements designated in the agreements, androyalties on sales of licensed products.License arrangements may consist of various performance obligations or deliverables such as license rights and the delivery of product and/or researchservices to the licensee. These arrangements are often multiple element arrangements. Revenue from our license arrangements is determined by assessing thedeliverables in the arrangement under the authoritative guidance for multiple element arrangements. Analyzing the arrangement to identify deliverables requiresthe use of judgment. Deliverables may include a right or license to use an asset, a performance obligation, or an obligation to deliver product and/or researchservices. Once we identify the deliverables under the arrangement, we determine whether or not the deliverables can be accounted for as separate units ofaccounting, and determine the appropriate method of revenue recognition for each element. Revenue is recognized upon delivery of the elements within thearrangement based upon the consideration allocated to each deliverable. The value of the license and associated upfront payments is based upon similararrangements.Consideration associated with substantive performance milestones is recognized as revenue upon the achievement of the related milestone, as defined in therespective contracts.Long-lived assetsWe review our long-lived assets for impairment whenever events or circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. Animpairment loss would be recognized when estimated undiscounted future cash flows expected to result from the use of an asset and its eventual disposition areless than its carrying amount. If such asset is considered impaired, the amount of the impairment loss recognized is measured as the amount by which thecarrying value of the asset exceeds the fair value of the asset, the fair value of which is determined based upon discounted cash flows or appraised values,depending on the nature of the asset. There were no impairment charges recorded in 2013 related to our long-lived assets. We recorded impairment chargesrelated to our long-lived assets in 2012 of $0.7 million.The evaluation of the value of our building in East Windsor, New Jersey led management to commit to a plan to sell the land, building and related equipment.These assets were categorized as assets held for sale on the balance sheet as of December 31, 2012 and totaled $4.1 million. Equipment held for sale is nolonger subject to depreciation, and is recorded at the lower of depreciated carrying value or fair value less costs to sell. We incurred an impairment charge of$0.5 million based upon the expected net selling price less the associated environmental remediation costs related to our building in East Windsor, New Jersey.In addition to the impairment on the assets held for sale, the building was leased to a non-related party with escalating rent over a ten year period. We recordedthis rental income on a straight-line basis with the difference between rental income and payments received recorded as a deferred rental income asset. As aresult of the sale, we did not amortize the deferred rental income over the term of the lease and accordingly, a charge in the amount of $0.2 million was recordedin 2012. These impairment charges were recorded in the statement of operations and comprehensive loss in general and administrative expenses. We completedthe sale of these assets in March 2013.In December 2012, the Company made the strategic decision to divest the oncology supportive care business. The decision to sell the business was a triggeringevent that required us to evaluate our assets held for sale including our intangible assets for impairment by comparing the book values of the Company’s co-promotion rights, technology licenses and trade names against their respective estimated fair value. The evaluation of our oncology supportive care business,with the assistance of a third-party valuation firm, included estimating the fair value of the Company’s co-promotion rights, technology licenses and tradenames, which were determined using a discounted cash flows model and a market approach based on multiple offers the Company received for certain assetsof the business. The discounted cash flows model requires certain assumptions and judgments, including but not limited to: estimation of future cash flows,which is dependent on internal forecasts, estimation of the long-term rate of growth for the businesses, the useful life over which cash flows will occur, anddetermination of the Company’s weighted average cost of capital. We determined that estimated future cash flows expected to result from the use of the assetsused in that business and their eventual disposition were less than their carrying amount. We recorded an impairment charge of $1.8 million in December2012 to write down our intangible assets to $1.9 million.Income TaxesWe recognize deferred taxes under the asset and liability method of accounting for income taxes by which deferred income taxes are recognized for differencesbetween the financial statement and tax bases of assets and liabilities at enacted statutory tax rates in effect for the years in which the differences are expected toreverse. The effect on deferred taxes of a change in tax rates is recognized in income in the period that includes the enactment date. In addition, valuationallowances are established, when necessary, to reduce deferred tax assets to the amounts expected to be realized.30Table of Contents In consideration of our accumulated losses and lack of historical ability to generate taxable income to utilize our deferred tax assets, we have determined it isnot more likely than not we will be able to realize any benefit from our temporary differences and have recorded a full valuation allowance. If we becomeprofitable in the future at levels which cause management to conclude that it is more likely than not that we will realize all or a portion of the net operating losscarry-forward, we would record the estimated net realized value of the deferred tax asset at that time and would then provide for income taxes at a rate equal toour combined federal and state effective rates, which would be approximately 40% under current tax laws. Subsequent revisions to the estimated net realizablevalue of the deferred tax asset could cause our provision for income taxes to vary significantly from period to period.Our policy is to recognize interest and penalties related to income tax matters in income tax expense. As the unrecognized tax benefits relate to un-utilizeddeferred tax assets and because we have generated net operating losses since inception for both federal and state income tax purposes through 2009, noadditional tax liability, penalties or interest have been recognized for balance sheet or statement of operations purposes as of and for the periodended December 31, 2013 and 2012.Stock based compensation In preparation of our Consolidated Financial Statements, we calculate the value of stock options and restricted stock issued to employees, non-employeecontractors and warrants issued to investors. The fair value of each option and warrant is estimated on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes optionpricing model. The Black-Scholes option pricing model is a generally accepted method of estimating the fair value of stock options and warrants.The Black-Scholes option pricing model requires us to estimate our dividend yield rate, expected volatility and risk free interest rate over the life of theoption. The use of estimates on these factors may cause the fair value of the option to be under or over estimated. See Note 9 in the Notes to the ConsolidatedFinancial Statements for the current estimates used in the Black-Scholes option pricing model.Fair value of embedded derivativeWe calculate, on a monthly basis, the value of the embedded derivative as it relates to our convertible notes payable. The fair value of the derivative uses theBlack-Scholes model and requires us to estimate our dividend yield rate, expected volatility and risk free interest rate over the life of the note. See Note 7 to theConsolidated Financial Statements for the current estimates used in the Black-Scholes model.ITEM 7A.QUALITATIVE AND QUANTITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISKOur primary exposure to market risk is interest income sensitivity, which is affected by changes in the general level of U.S. interest rates, particularly becausethe majority of our investments are in short-term marketable securities. The primary objective of our investment activities is to preserve principal while at thesame time maximizing the income we receive from our investments without significantly increasing risk. Some of the securities may be subject to market risk.This means that a change in prevailing interest rates may cause the value of the investment to fluctuate. For example, if we purchase a security that was issuedwith a fixed interest rate and the prevailing interest rate later rises, the value of our investment will probably decline. To minimize this risk, we typically investall, or substantially all, of our cash in money market funds that invest primarily in government securities. Our investment policy also permits investments ina variety of securities including commercial paper and government and non-government debt securities. In general, money market funds are not subject tomarket risk because the interest paid on such funds fluctuates with the prevailing interest rate. As of December 31, 2013 and 2012, we did not have anyholdings of derivative financial or commodity instruments. We conduct a portion of our business in currencies other than our U.S. dollar functional currency.These transactions give rise to monetary assets and liabilities that are denominated in currencies other than the U.S. dollar. The value of these monetary assetsand liabilities are subject to changes in currency exchange rates from the time the transactions are originated until settlement in cash. Our foreign currencyexposures are primarily concentrated in the Euro and both realized and unrealized gains or losses on the value of these monetary assets and liabilities areincluded in the determination of net income. All of our cash and cash equivalents is in cash accounts and highly liquid. If a 10% change in interest rates were to have occurred on December 31, 2013 and2012, this change would not have had a material effect on the fair value of our investment portfolio as of that date nor our net loss for the years then ended.Due to the short holding period of our investments, we have concluded that we do not have a material financial market risk exposure.ITEM 8. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA31Table of Contents INDEX TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS PAGEReports of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firms33 Financial Statements: Consolidated Balance Sheets as of December 31, 2013 and 201235 Consolidated Statements of Operations and Other Comprehensive Loss for the years ended December 31, 2013, 2012 and 201136 Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the years ended December 31, 2013, 2012 and 201137Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholders’ Equity for the years ended December 31, 2013, 2012 and 201139 Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements41 32Table of Contents Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting FirmTo the Board of Directors and Stockholders ofApricus Biosciences, Inc.In our opinion, the accompanying consolidated balance sheets and the related consolidated statements of operations and other comprehensive loss, of changesin stockholders’ equity and of cash flows present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of Apricus Biosciences, Inc. and its subsidiaries atDecember 31, 2013 and 2012, and the results of their operations and their cash flows for the years then ended in conformity with accounting principlesgenerally accepted in the United States of America. Also in our opinion, the Company did not maintain, in all material respects, effective internal control overfinancial reporting as of December 31, 2013, based on criteria established in Internal Control - Integrated Framework (1992) issued by the Committee ofSponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO) because material weaknesses in internal control over financial reporting related to theaccounting for and disclosures of technical accounting matters in the consolidated financial statements and the monitoring and oversight over the controls inthe financial reporting process existed as of that date. A material weakness is a deficiency, or a combination of deficiencies, in internal control over financialreporting, such that there is a reasonable possibility that a material misstatement of the annual or interim financial statements will not be prevented or detectedon a timely basis. The material weaknesses referred to above are described in Management’s Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting appearingunder Item 9A. We considered these material weaknesses in determining the nature, timing, and extent of audit tests applied in our audit of the 2013consolidated financial statements, and our opinion regarding the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting does not affect ouropinion on those consolidated financial statements. The Company's management is responsible for these financial statements, for maintaining effective internalcontrol over financial reporting and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting included in management's report referredto above. Our responsibility is to express opinions on these financial statements and on the Company's internal control over financial reporting based on ourintegrated audits. We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Thosestandards require that we plan and perform the audits to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatementand whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects. Our audits of the financial statements includedexamining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements, assessing the accounting principles used andsignificant estimates made by management, and evaluating the overall financial statement presentation. Our audit of internal control over financial reportingincluded obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, and testing and evaluatingthe design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk. Our audits also included performing such other procedures as weconsidered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinions.A company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting andthe preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A company’s internal control overfinancial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (i) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflectthe transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (ii) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permitpreparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are beingmade only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (iii) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention ortimely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation ofeffectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliancewith the policies or procedures may deteriorate.PricewaterhouseCoopers LLPSan Diego, CaliforniaMarch 17, 2014Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting FirmTo the Board of Directors and StockholdersApricus Biosciences, Inc. and SubsidiariesWe have audited the accompanying consolidated statements of operations and other comprehensive loss, changes in stockholders’ equity and cash flows ofApricus Biosciences, Inc. and Subsidiaries (the “Company”) for the year ended December 31, 2011. We33Table of Contents have also audited Apricus Biosciences, Inc. and Subsidiaries internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2011, based on criteria establishedin Internal Control-Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (“COSO”). The Company’smanagement is responsible for these consolidated financial statements, for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting and for its assessmentof the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting, included in the accompanying Management’s Annual Report on Internal Control over FinancialReporting. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these consolidated financial statements and an opinion on the Company’s internal control overfinancial reporting as of December 31, 2011 based on our audits.We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require thatwe plan and perform the audits to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement and whether effectiveinternal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects. Our audits of the consolidated financial statements included examining, on atest basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the consolidated financial statements, assessing the accounting principles used and significantestimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall financial statement presentation. Our audit of internal control over financial reportingincluded obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, and testing and evaluatingthe design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk. Our audit of internal control over financial reporting also includedperforming such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinions.A company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting andthe preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. Acompany’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (i) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonabledetail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (ii) provide reasonable assurance that transactions arerecorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States ofAmerica, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of thecompany; and (iii) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company’sassets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation ofeffectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliancewith the policies or procedures may deteriorate.In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the consolidated results of operations and cashflows of Apricus Biosciences, Inc. and Subsidiaries for the year ended December 31, 2011, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in theUnited States of America. Also in our opinion, Apricus Biosciences, Inc. and Subsidiaries maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control overfinancial reporting as of December 31, 2011, based on criteria established in Internal Control-Integrated Framework issued by COSO.We also have audited the adjustments described in Note 4 that were applied to restate the 2011 consolidated financial statements for the presentation ofdiscontinued operations. In our opinion, such adjustments are appropriate and have been properly applied./s/ EisnerAmper LLPIselin, New JerseyMarch 17, 201434Table of Contents Apricus Biosciences, Inc. and SubsidiariesConsolidated Balance Sheets(In thousands, except share and per share data) December 31, 2013 December 31,2012Assets Current assets Cash and cash equivalents$21,405 $15,130Accounts receivable59 652Restricted cash332 52Inventories336 —Prepaid expenses and other current assets132 582Property held for sale— 3,654Current assets of discontinued operations— 825Total current assets22,264 20,895Property and equipment, net955 601Other long term assets91 100Restricted cash long term— 343Noncurrent assets of discontinued operations— 1,940Total assets$23,310 $23,879 Liabilities and stockholders’ equity Current liabilities Convertible notes payable, net$2,600 $—Trade accounts payable926 2,277Accrued expenses2,119 2,514Accrued compensation952 1,905Deferred revenue1,800 536Derivative liability517 —Deconsolidation of former French Subsidiaries2,846 —Current liabilities of discontinued operations— 3,534Total current liabilities11,760 10,766Long term liabilities Convertible notes payable, net— 3,413Derivative liability— 906Deferred compensation487 1,529Other long term liabilities91 196Noncurrent liabilities of discontinued operations— 448Total liabilities12,338 17,258 Commitments and contingencies Stockholders’ equity: Preferred stock, $.001 par value, 10,000,000 shares authorized, no shares issued or outstanding atDecember 31, 2013 and 2012— —Common stock, $.001 par value, 75,000,000 shares authorized, 37,541,404 and 29,937,669 issued andoutstanding at December 31, 2013 and 2012, respectively38 30Additional paid-in-capital279,000 257,078Accumulated other comprehensive income— 641Accumulated deficit(268,066) (251,128)Total stockholders’ equity10,972 6,621Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity$23,310 $23,879The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.35Table of Contents Apricus Biosciences, Inc. and SubsidiariesConsolidated Statements of OperationsAnd Other Comprehensive Loss(In thousands, except share and per share data) For the Years Ended December 31, 2013 2012 2011License fee revenue$941 $4,276 $877Grant revenue— — 483Product sales21 23 —Contract service revenue1,549 3,646 2,243Total revenue2,511 7,945 3,603Cost of product sales23 10 —Cost of service revenue2,608 4,230 1,858Gross (loss) profit(120) 3,705 1,745Costs and expenses, net Research and development5,123 5,375 5,821General and administrative13,554 15,336 11,451Gain on contract settlement(534) — —(Recovery) loss on sale of subsidiary(255) (250) 2,760Deconsolidation of former French Subsidiaries(641) — —Impairment on goodwill and intangible assets— 8,254 —Total costs and expenses, net17,247 28,715 20,032Loss from continuing operations before other income (expense)(17,367) (25,010) (18,287)Other income (expense) Interest expense, net(727) (325) (364)Gain on sale of investment2,600 — —Other (expense) income, net(376) 175 426Total other income (expense)1,497 (150) 62Loss from continuing operations before income tax expense(15,870) (25,160) (18,225)Income tax expense— (516) —Loss from continuing operations(15,870) (25,676) (18,225)(Loss) income from discontinued operations(1,068) (6,095) 108Net loss$(16,938) $(31,771) $(18,117)Basic and diluted loss per common share Loss per share from continuing operations$(0.46) $(0.94) $(0.91)(Loss) income per share from discontinued operations(0.03) (0.22) 0.01Net loss per share$(0.49) $(1.16) $(0.90)Weighted average common shares outstanding used for basic and diluted loss per share34,413,253 27,458,184 20,023,456 Net loss$(16,938) $(31,771) $(18,117)Other comprehensive income Foreign currency translation adjustments— 641 —Comprehensive loss$(16,938) $(31,130) $(18,117)The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.36Table of Contents Apricus Biosciences, Inc. and SubsidiariesConsolidated Statements of Cash Flows(In thousands, except share data) For the Year Ended December 31, 2013 2012 2011Cash flows from operating activities of continuing operations: Net loss$(16,938) $(31,771) $(18,117)(Loss) gain from discontinued operations(1,068) (6,095) 108Net loss from continuing operations(15,870) (25,676) (18,225)Adjustments to reconcile net loss from continuing operations to net cash used in operating activities ofcontinuing operations: Deconsolidation of French Subsidiaries(641) — —Gain on contract settlement(534) — —Depreciation and amortization77 203 602Accretion of debt discount250 37 37Stock-based compensation expense1,992 2,917 2,135Derivative liability revaluation274 — —Non-cash deferred compensation— 640 —Impairment charges on property held for sale— 656 —Impairment charges on goodwill and intangible assets— 8,254 —Deferred tax provision— 1,261 —Interest on contingent consideration242 — —(Recovery) loss on sale of subsidiary(255) (250) 2,760Other131 — 276Changes in operating assets and liabilities of continuing operations, net of assets and liabilitiesacquired and divested: Accounts receivable253 682 90Inventories(341) — 3Prepaid expenses and other current assets143 (928) (54)Deferred rental income and other assets(52) — (17)Accounts payable(920) 681 989Accrued expenses(476) (1,348) 1,228Accrued compensation(140) 967 86Deferred revenue1,021 (490) 124Deferred compensation(209) (230) 134Other liabilities(48) 227 —Net cash used in operating activities from continuing operations(15,103) (12,397) (9,832)Cash flows from investing activities of continuing operations: Purchase of fixed assets(573) (436) (263)Proceeds from the sale of property and equipment3,657 — —Cash acquired from acquisitions— 2,067 107Cash paid for acquisitions— (513) —Deposit of restricted cash(280) — —Proceeds from sale of subsidiary255 250 500Net cash provided by investing activities from continuing operations3,059 1,368 344Cash flows from financing activities of continuing operations: Issuance of common stock, net of offering costs16,612 20,410 6,157Proceeds from exercise of warrants46 40 1,364Extinguishment of convertible notes payable— (4,000) —Reissuance of convertible notes payable— 3,413 —Changes in derivative liability— 906 —Proceeds from the exercise of stock options— 10 13Release of restricted cash— — 55337Table of Contents Repayment on short-term borrowing— — (401)Repayment of capital lease obligations(27) (13) (20)Net cash provided by financing activities from continuing operations16,631 20,766 7,666Cash flows from discontinued operations: Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities of discontinued operations38 (1,985) 111Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities of discontinued operations1,650 (300) —Net cash provided by (used in) discontinued operations1,688 (2,285) 111Effect of exchange rate changes on cash— 243 —Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents6,275 7,695 (1,711)Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of period15,130 7,435 9,146Cash and cash equivalents, end of period$21,405 $15,130 $7,435 Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information: Cash paid for interest$238 $318 $333Non-cash investing and financing activities: Issuance of 486,923 shares of common stock upon conversion of convertible note$1,737 $— $—Issuance of 688,717 shares of common stock to TopoTarget$1,543 $— $—Release of restricted cash$(337) $— $—Release of obligations related to short-term loans$270 $— $—Issuance of 373,134 shares of common stock to PediatRx Inc. for co-promote agreement$— $1,000 $—Issuance of 2,592,592 shares of common stock to former Finesco shareholders at date ofcontribution$— $8,556 $—Issuance of 334,382 shares of common stock to former TopoTarget shareholders upon acquisition$— $— $1,700Sale of investment in consolidated subsidiary: Accounts receivable$— $— $199Prepaid expenses and other current assets$— $— $5Equipment and leasehold improvements, net$— $— $781Intangible assets, net$— $— $2,642Accounts payable$— $— $(205)Payroll-related liabilities$— $— $(41)Capital lease payable$— $— $(118)The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.38Table of Contents Apricus Biosciences, Inc. and SubsidiariesConsolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholders’ Equity(In thousands, except share data) CommonStock(Shares) CommonStock(Amount) AdditionalPaid-InCapital AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncome AccumulatedDeficit TotalStockholders’EquityBalance as of January 1, 201118,521,951 $18 $212,788 $— $(201,240) $11,566Issuance of common stock upon exerciseof stock options7,500 — 13 — — 13Issuance of stock to employees,consultants and Board of Directormembers307,039 — — — — —Stock-based compensation expense 2,135 — — 2,135Issuance of common stock, net ofoffering costs1,527,249 2 6,155 — — 6,157Issuance of common stock to theTopoTarget shareholders as considerationfor the acquisition334,382 — 1,700 — — 1,700Issuance of common stock upon exerciseof warrants649,865 1 1,363 — — 1,364Net loss— — — — (18,117) (18,117)Balance as of December 31, 201121,347,986 21 224,154 — (219,357) 4,818Issuance of common stock upon exerciseof stock options5,000 — 10 — — 10Issuance of stock to employees,consultants and Board of Directormembers147,761 — — — — —Stock-based compensation expense 2,917 — — 2,917Issuance of common stock for co-promoteagreement373,134 — 1,000 — — 1,000Issuance of common stock for Finescotransaction2,592,592 3 8,553 — — 8,556Issuance of common stock and warrants,net of offering costs5,453,601 6 20,404 — — 20,410Issuance of common stock upon exerciseof warrants17,595 — 40 — — 40Foreign currency translation adjustment 641 641Net loss— — — — (31,771) (31,771)Balance as of December 31, 201229,937,669 $30 $257,078 $641 $(251,128) $6,621Issuance of restricted stock to employeesand Board of Director members95,645 — — — — —Stock-based compensation expense 1,992 — — 1,992Issuance of common stock, net ofoffering costs312,450 — 792 — — 792Issuance of common stock and warrants,net of offering costs6,000,000 6 15,814 — — 15,820Issuance of common stock upon exerciseof convertible notes486,923 1 1,736 — — 1,737Issuance of common stock to TopoTarget688,717 1 1,542 — — 1,543Issuance of common stock upon exerciseof warrants20,000 — 46 — — 4639Table of Contents Elimination of cumulative translationadjustment upon deconsolidation of formerFrench Subsidiaries— — — (641) (641)Net loss— — — — (16,938) (16,938)Balance as of December 31, 201337,541,404 $38 $279,000 $— $(268,066) $10,972The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.40Table of Contents Apricus Biosciences, Inc. and SubsidiariesNotes to Consolidated Financial Statements1. ORGANIZATION AND SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIESOrganizationApricus Biosciences, Inc. and Subsidiaries (“Apricus” or the “Company”) is a Nevada corporation initially formed in 1987. The Company has operated inthe pharmaceutical industry since 1995 with a current primary focus on product development and commercialization in the area of men’s and women’shealth. The Company’s proprietary drug delivery technology is called NexACT® and the Company has one approved drug,Vitaros®, which uses theNexACT® delivery system, and is approved for the treatment of erectile dysfunction (“ED”) in Canada and through the European Decentralized Procedure inEurope . The Company has a second generation Vitaros® product (“Room Temperature Vitaros®”) in development, which is a proprietary stabilized dosageformulation that can be stored at room temperature conditions. In the area of women’s health is the Company’s product candidate, Femprox®, for female sexualinterest / arousal disorder (“FSIAD”), which the Company is seeking to out-license to one or more partners for future development.Basis of PresentationThe consolidated financial statements have been prepared by the Company pursuant to the rules and regulations of the United States (“U.S.”) Securities andExchange Commission (“SEC”). Certain prior year items have been reclassified to conform to the current year presentation.Use of EstimatesThe preparation of these consolidated financial statements requires the Company to make estimates and judgments that affect the reported amounts of assets,liabilities, revenues and expenses. The Company’s most significant estimates relate to whether revenue recognition criteria have been met, the fair value of itsembedded derivatives related to the convertible notes payable, and valuation allowances for the Company’s deferred tax assets. The Company’s actual resultsmay differ from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions.LiquidityThe accompanying consolidated financial statements have been prepared on a basis that contemplates the realization of assets and the satisfaction of liabilitiesand commitments in the normal course of business. The Company had an accumulated deficit of approximately $268.1 million as of December 31, 2013,recorded a net loss of approximately $16.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2013 and has principally been financed through the public offering of ourcommon stock and other equity securities, private placements of equity securities, debt financing and up-front payments received from commercial partnersfor our products under development. Funds raised in recent periods include approximately $15.8 million and $18.4 million from our May 2013 and February2012 follow-on public offerings, respectively. Additionally, the Company raised approximately $0.8 million during the year ended December 31, 2013 fromthe sale of common stock via its “at-the-market” (“ATM”) stock selling facility and approximately $2.0 million from this facility in 2012. In March 2013, theCompany completed the sale of its New Jersey Facility to a third-party resulting in net proceeds to the Company of approximately $3.6 million (See Note 5). InMarch 2013, the Company received $1.5 million in cash, as consideration for the sale of its Totect® assets (See Note 4). In November 2013, the Companyreceived $2.6 million in cash upon sale of securities from an investment previously held and in December 2013, it received $1.8 million as an upfrontpayment from Laboratoires Majorelle (“Majorelle”). These cash-generating activities should not necessarily be considered an indication of our ability to raiseadditional funds in any future periods due to the uncertainty associated with raising capital.The Company’s cash and cash equivalents as of December 31, 2013 were approximately $21.4 million. In January 2014, the Company received an up-frontlicense payment of $2.0 million from Hexal AG and a regulatory milestone payment of $0.2 million from Majorelle related to marketing approval obtained forFrance. Based upon its current business plan, the Company believes it has sufficient cash reserves to fund its on-going operations through mid-2015. TheCompany expects to have net cash outflows from operations in 2014 as it continues to support the market approvals and partner commercialization plans forVitaros®, further develops Room Temperature Vitaros® and seeks to develop new product candidates through its existing technology. The Company’s $2.75million in convertible notes are, at the holders’ option, redeemable in cash upon maturity at December 31, 2014, or convertible into shares of common stock.The Company expects the majority of its cash inflows from operations during 2014 will be from licensing and milestone revenues received from existing andpotentially new commercial partners for licenses granted for Vitaros®.41Table of Contents Based on its recurring losses, negative cash flows from operations and working capital levels, the Company will need to raise substantial additional funds tofinance its operations. If the Company is unable to maintain sufficient financial resources, including by raising additional funds when needed, its business,financial condition and results of operations will be materially and adversely affected. There can be no assurance that the Company will be able to obtain theneeded financing on reasonable terms or at all. Additionally, equity financings may have a dilutive effect on the holdings of the Company’s existingstockholders.Principles of consolidationThe accompanying consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its wholly owned subsidiaries. All significant intercompanyaccounts and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.Cash and cash equivalentsCash equivalents represent all highly liquid investments with an original maturity date of three months or less and were insignificant as of December 31, 2013and 2012.Restricted cashShort term restricted cash is held as security for environmental remediation services to be performed as a result of the sale of the Company’s New Jerseyfacility in March 2013.Concentration of credit riskFrom time to time, the Company maintains cash in bank accounts that exceed the FDIC insured limits. The Company has not experienced any losses on itscash accounts. It performs credit evaluations of its customers, but generally does not require collateral to support accounts receivable. Three globalpharmaceutical companies accounted for approximately 44%, 27%, and 26%, of total revenues during the year ended December 31, 2013. In addition, one ofthese companies comprised 95% of the Company’s accounts receivable as of December 31, 2013.InventoriesInventories are valued at the lower of cost (first-in, first-out) or market value (net realizable value) considering excess and obsolete inventory based onmanagement’s review of inventories on hand, compared to estimated future usage and sales, shelf-life and assumptions about the likelihood of obsolescence.Fair value of financial instrumentsThe Company accounts for assets and liabilities at fair value in accordance with GAAP, which defines fair value and establishes a framework for measuringfair value based on a three-tiered valuation approach. The Company periodically reviews and evaluates the application of these valuation techniques to itsassets and liabilities. For details on the assets and liabilities subject to fair value measurements and the related valuation techniques used, refer to Note 14.Assets held for saleThe Company classifies assets as held for sale based on the accounting guidance which states that when the assets’ carrying amounts will be recoveredprincipally through a sale transaction rather than continuing use and a sale is highly probable, the assets designated as held for sale are held at the lower of thenet book value or fair value less costs to sell, and reported separately on the balance sheet. Depreciation is not charged against property, plant and equipmentclassified as held for sale.In June 2013, the Company made the decision to sell its BQ Kits business and reclassified this segment to assets held for sale. In July 2013, the business wassold to an unrelated third party.In August of 2012 the Company decided to sell its facility in East Windsor, New Jersey, and as a result, the land, building and machinery associated with thefacility were reclassified to property held for sale.In December of 2012 the Company decided to sell its Apricus Pharmaceutical business, and as a result, the underlying assets and liabilities were reclassifiedto assets held for sale. In March 2013, the Company sold all of its assets related to its Apricus Pharmaceutical business but retained the related liabilitieswhich were reclassified to continuing operations (See Note 4 for further details).42Table of Contents Property and equipmentProperty and equipment are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation. Depreciation of equipment and furniture and fixtures is provided on a straight-linebasis over the estimated useful lives of the assets, or three to ten years. Amortization of leasehold improvements is provided on a straight-line basis over theshorter of their estimated useful lives or the lease term. The costs of additions and betterments are capitalized, and repairs and maintenance costs are charged tooperations in the periods incurred (See Note 5 for further details).Impairment of long-lived assetsThe Company reviews for impairment of long-lived assets whenever events or circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not berecoverable. An impairment loss is recognized when estimated undiscounted future cash flows expected to result from the use of the asset and its eventualdisposition are less than its carrying amount. If such assets are considered impaired, the amount of the impairment loss recognized is measured as the amountby which the carrying value of the asset exceeds the fair value of the asset, fair value being determined based upon future cash flows or appraised values,depending on the nature of the asset.Debt issuance costsAmounts paid related to debt financing activities are capitalized and amortized over the term of the loan.Derivative liabilityThe Company’s embedded conversion feature on its convertible note payable has a conversion price reset feature, which is treated as a derivative foraccounting purposes. The Company estimates the fair value of the embedded conversion features using a Black-Scholes valuation model each reporting periodand any resulting increases or decreases in estimated fair value recorded as an adjustment to other income (expense).Revenue recognitionThe Company has historically generated revenues from licensing of technology rights, product sales, performance of pre-clinical testing services, and contractsales services. Payments received under commercial arrangements, such as the licensing of technology rights, may include non-refundable fees at the inceptionof the arrangements, milestone payments for specific achievements designated in the agreements, or royalties on sales of products.The Company recognizes revenue when all of the following criteria are met: (1) persuasive evidence of an arrangement exists; (2) delivery has occurred orservices have been rendered; (3) the Company’s price to the buyer is fixed or determinable; and (4) collectability is reasonably assured.i.License Arrangements. License arrangements may consist of non-refundable upfront license fees, various performance or sales milestones, royaltiesupon sales of product, and the delivery of product and/or research services to the licensor. The Company considers a variety of factors indetermining the appropriate method of accounting under its license agreements, including whether the various elements can be separated andaccounted for individually as separate units of accounting. Deliverables under the arrangement will be separate units of accounting, provided (i) adelivered item has value to the customer on a standalone basis; and (ii) if the arrangement includes a general right of return relative to the delivereditem and delivery or performance of the undelivered item is considered probable and substantially in the Company’s control. The Company accountsfor revenue arrangements with multiple elements entered into or materially modified after January 1, 2011, by separating and allocating considerationin a multiple-element arrangement according to the relative selling price of each deliverable. If an element can be separated, an amount is allocatedbased upon the relative selling price of each element. The Company determines the relative selling price of a separate deliverable using the price itcharges other customers when it sells that product or service separately; however, if the product or service is not sold separately and third partypricing evidence is not available, the Company will use its best estimate of selling price. The Company defers recognition of non-refundable upfrontfees if it has continuing performance obligations without which the technology, right, product or service conveyed in conjunction with the non-refundable fee has no utility to the licensee that is separate and independent of its performance under the other elements of the arrangement. Non-refundable, up-front fees that are not contingent on any future performance by the Company and require no consequential continuing involvement onits part are recognized as revenue when the license term commences and the licensed data, technology and/or compound is delivered. The specificmethodology for the recognition of the revenue is determined on a case-by-case basis according to the facts and circumstances of the applicableagreement.43Table of Contents There have been no royalties or sales milestones received during the years ended December 31, 2013, 2012 or 2011.ii.Contract Service Revenue. Revenue from contract sales services resulted primarily from the Company’s former French Subsidiaries. The revenuewas based on the number of medical visits plus an incentive based on the sales growth of the targeted pharmaceutical products. Revenue associatedwith medical visits was recognized in the accounting period in which services were rendered. For research services, the Company determines theperiod in which the performance obligation occurs and recognizes revenue using the proportional performance method when the level of effort tocomplete its performance obligations under an arrangement can be reasonably estimated.iii.Milestone Revenue. The Company evaluates milestone payments on an individual basis and revenues are recognized upon achievement of theassociated milestone, provided that (i) the milestone event is substantive and its achievability was not reasonably assured at the inception of theagreement and (ii) the amount of the milestone payment is reasonable in relation to the effort expended or the risk associated with the milestone event.Research and developmentResearch and development costs are expensed as incurred and include the cost of compensation and related expenses, as well as expenses for third parties whoconduct research and development on the Company’s behalf, pursuant to development and consulting agreements in place.Income taxesIncome taxes are accounted for under the asset and liability method. Deferred income taxes are recorded for temporary differences between financial statementcarrying amounts and the tax basis of assets and liabilities. Deferred tax assets and liabilities reflect the tax rates expected to be in effect for the years in whichthe differences are expected to reverse. A valuation allowance is provided if it is more likely than not that some or all of the deferred tax assets will not berealized.The Company also follows the provisions of accounting for uncertainty in income taxes which prescribes a model for the recognition and measurement of a taxposition taken or expected to be taken in a tax return, and provides guidance on derecognition, classification, interest and penalties, disclosure and transition.Loss per common shareBasic and diluted net loss per common share is computed by dividing net loss by the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding for therespective period, without consideration of common stock equivalents as they would have an anti-dilutive effect on per share amounts.The following securities that could potentially decrease net loss per share in the future are not included in the determination of diluted loss per share as they areanti-dilutive and are as follows: FOR THE YEAR ENDEDDECEMBER 31, 2013 2012 2011Outstanding stock options 2,351,237 2,213,916 840,833Outstanding warrants 6,185,492 3,205,492 777,284Unvested restricted stock 26,728 112,705 257,063Convertible notes payable 1,065,891 1,544,402 658,979Stock-based CompensationThe estimated grant date fair value of stock options granted to employees and directors is calculated based upon the closing stock price of the Company’scommon stock on the date of the grant and recognized as stock-based compensation expense over the expected service period. The Company estimates the fairvalue of each option award on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes option pricing model.Comprehensive income44Table of Contents Comprehensive income and accumulated other comprehensive income includes unrealized foreign currency translation adjustments that are excluded from theconsolidated statements of operations and reported as a separate component in stockholders’ equity.Segment InformationThe Company operates under one segment which designs and develops pharmaceutical products using its NexACT® technology.Geographic InformationRevenues by geographic area for the Company’s continuing operations are as follows (in thousands): December 31, 2013 2012 2011United States — — 2,361North America- Other — 2,500 162France 921 2,970 —Europe- Other 1,590 2,475 887Rest of the World — — 193 2,511 7,945 3,603Net long-lived assets by geographic area for the Company’s continuing operations are as follows (in thousands): 2013 2012United States 955 491France — 110 955 601Recent Accounting PronouncementsIn March 2013, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standard Update (“ASU”) 2013-05, Parent’s Accounting forthe Cumulative Translation Adjustment Upon Derecognition of Certain Subsidiaries or Groups of Assets within a Foreign Entity or of an Investment inForeign Entity, which addresses the accounting for the cumulative translation adjustment when a parent either sells a part or all of its investment in a foreignentity or no longer holds a controlling financial interest in a subsidiary or group of assets that is a nonprofit activity or a business within a foreign entity. Theamendments are effective prospectively for fiscal years (and interim reporting periods within those years) beginning after December 15, 2013 (early adoption ispermitted). The Company does not expect the adoption to have a material impact on the consolidated financial position and results of operations.In July 2013, the FASB issued ASU 2013-11, Presentation of an Unrecognized Tax Benefit When a Net Operating Loss Carryforward, a SimilarTax Loss, or a Tax Credit Carryforward Exists, that requires an unrecognized tax benefit be presented in the financial statements as a reduction to a deferredtax asset for a net operating loss carryforward, a similar tax loss, or a tax credit carryforward (collectively referred to as a “tax attribute carryforward”), unlessthe jurisdiction from which the tax attribute carryforward arose does not allow for such treatment. To the extent that a company does not have a tax attributecarryforward as of the reporting date, the unrecognized tax benefit is to be reported as a liability. The Company will adopt this ASU in the first quarter of2014. The Company does not expect the adoption to have a material impact on the consolidated financial position and results of operations.2. LICENSING AND RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT AGREEMENTSVitaros® Abbott Laboratories Limited45Table of Contents In January 2012, the Company entered into an exclusive license agreement with Abbott Laboratories Limited (“Abbott”), granting Abbott the exclusive rights tocommercialize Vitaros® for ED in Canada. The product was approved by Health Canada in late 2010. Under the license agreement, the Company received$2.5 million in October 2012 as an up-front payment. The Company determined that the only deliverable was the license element and given no additionalobligation was associated with the license, the up-front license fee of $2.5 million from Abbott was recorded as revenue in the third quarter of 2012.Over the term of the agreement, the Company is eligible to receive an additional $13.2 million in aggregate milestone payments if all the regulatory and salesthresholds specified in the agreement are achieved, plus tiered royalty payments based on Abbott’s sales of the product in Canada.Bracco SpAOn December 22, 2010, the Company entered into an exclusive license agreement with Bracco SpA (“Bracco”) for its Vitaros® product for ED. Under theterms of the license agreement, Bracco has been granted exclusive rights in Italy to commercialize and market Vitaros® under the Bracco trademark, and theCompany received €0.75 million ($1.0 million) as an up-front payment during the year ended December 31, 2011, and is eligible to receive up to €4.75million ($6.5 million as of December 31, 2013), net of withholding taxes, in regulatory and sales milestone payments. Further, over the life of the agreement,the Company is eligible to receive tiered double-digit royalties based on Bracco’s sales of the product.The Company concluded that the only deliverable was the license element, and $0.3 million of the $1.0 million up-front payment was contingent upon theCompany receiving regulatory marketing approval for the product in Europe. Therefore, $0.7 million, net of withholding taxes, was recognized as licenserevenue during the year ended December 31, 2011, as there was no additional obligation associated with the license. The remaining $0.3 million was deferreduntil the Company received regulatory marketing approval for the product in Europe, which occurred during the second quarter of 2013. Under the licenseagreement, an additional regulatory milestone of approximately $0.3 million was earned upon European regulatory approval in the second quarter of 2013 andas a result approximately $0.3 million was billed and recognized as revenue for this substantive milestone during the second quarter of 2013, for a total ofapproximately $0.6 million of revenue recognized during the second quarter of 2013.Hexal AG, an affiliate within the Sandoz Division of the Novartis Group of CompaniesIn February 2012, the Company entered into an exclusive license agreement with Hexal AG, an affiliate within the Sandoz Division of the Novartis Group ofCompanies (“Sandoz”) for Sandoz to market Vitaros® for the treatment of ED in Germany. Under the license agreement, the Company received $0.7 million asan up-front payment and is eligible to receive up to an additional €0.4 million ($0.6 million as of December 31, 2013) in regulatory milestones and €20.875million ($28.7 million as of December 31, 2013) in aggregate sales milestones if all the regulatory and sales thresholds specified in the agreement are achieved,as well as tiered double-digit royalties on net sales by Sandoz in Germany. The Company concluded that the only deliverable was the license element and givenno additional obligation was associated with the license, the up-front license fee of $0.7 million, net of withholding taxes, from Sandoz for the German territorywas recorded as revenue in the first quarter of 2012.In December 2013, the Company amended and restated its license agreement with Sandoz to include the following countries as part of the exclusive licenseagreement: Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Luxemburg, the Netherlands, Norway, Sweden and Switzerland (the “Expanded Territory”). Underthe revised agreement, the Company received in January 2014 an additional up-front payment of $2.0 million for the Expanded Territory, and is eligible toreceive up to an additional $2.5 million in marketing launch milestones as well as €20.875 million ($28.7 million as of December 31, 2013) in salesmilestones plus tiered double-digit royalties on net sales by Sandoz in the Expanded Territory. Under the terms of the agreement, Sandoz is entitled to a refundof the up-front payment under certain marketing and manufacturing conditions and, in accordance with the Company’s revenue recognition criteria, the $2.0million up-front payment has been deferred and will be recognized as revenue once the conditions related to the refund rights have been met or lapse. The resultof the manufacturing and marketing conditions will be determined no later than December 2014 and December 2016, respectively.Laboratoires MajorelleIn November 2013, the Company entered into an exclusive license agreement with Laboratoires Majorelle (“Majorelle”), granting Majorelle the rights tocommercialize Vitaros® for the treatment of ED in France, Monaco and certain countries in Africa. The Company received $1.8 million as an up-frontpayment in November 2013, and is eligible to receive up to $2.2 million in regulatory milestone payments and €15.5 million ($21.3 million as ofDecember 31, 2013) in sales milestones. Further, over the life of the agreement, the Company is entitled to receive tiered double-digit royalties based onMajorelle’s sales of the product.46Table of Contents The Company will recognize license revenue upon ratification of the Global Settlement Agreement (See note 3 for further details regarding the Global SettlementAgreement).Recordati Ireland Ltd.In February 2014, the Company entered into an exclusive license agreement with Recordati Ireland Ltd. (“Recordati”) for Recordati to market Vitaros® for thetreatment of ED in Spain, Ireland, Portugal, Greece, Cyprus, the CEE Countries (Central and Eastern Europe), Russia and the other CIS Countries (formerSoviet republics), Ukraine, Georgia, Turkey and certain countries in Africa. The Company received €1.8 million ($2.5 million) as an up-front payment inFebruary 2014 and is eligible to receive up to €1.0 million ($1.4 million as of December 31, 2013) in commercial launch payments and €34.5 million ($47.5million as of December 31, 2013) in sales milestones. Further, over the life of the agreement, the Company is entitled to receive tiered double-digit royaltiesbased on Recordati’s sales of the product.Takeda Pharmaceuticals International GmbHIn September 2012, the Company entered into an exclusive license agreement with Takeda Pharmaceuticals International GmbH (“Takeda”) to market theCompany’s Vitaros® drug for the treatment of ED in the United Kingdom. Under the license agreement, the Company is eligible to receive up to €34.65 million($47.7 million as of December 31, 2013) in up-front license fees and aggregate milestone payments if all the regulatory and sales thresholds specified in theagreement are achieved, plus tiered double-digit royalty payments. The agreement with Takeda includes two deliverables: the granting of a license andmanufacturing, with related product supply. In accordance with the accounting guidance on revenue recognition for multiple-element agreements, the productsupply element of the agreement meets the criteria for separation. Therefore, it will be treated as a single unit of accounting and, accordingly, the supply priceof product shipped to Takeda will be recognized as revenue for the supply element when earned. Given there was no additional obligation associated with thelicense element, the up-front license fee of $1.0 million from Takeda was recognized as revenue in the third quarter of 2012.Warner Chilcott UK LimitedIn February 2012, the Company entered into an Alprostadil Cream and Placebo Clinical Supply Agreement (the “Supply Agreement”), as amended, withWarner Chilcott UK Limited (“Warner Chilcott UK”), a subsidiary of Actavis pls. Under the Supply Agreement, the Company is entitled to receiveapproximately $0.3 million in exchange for Vitaros® ordered by Warner Chilcott UK. During the second half of 2012, the Company received additional workorders from Warner Chilcott UK under the Supply Agreement, ordering additional quantities of the Vitaros® product and requesting that certain testingprocedures be performed by the Company. The associated aggregate amount of the purchase orders received in 2012 from Warner Chilcott UK wasapproximately $1.2 million and reflects the value of the products to be delivered and certain testing procedures to be performed.The Company determined that the agreement with Warner Chilcott UK includes two deliverables: certain contract services and product supply. The productsupply element and contract services element of the agreement were treated as separate units of accounting. No revenue has been recognized to date associatedwith the product supply element. Revenue associated with the contract services element is recognized using the proportional performance method over the periodin which the contract services are performed. During the years ended December 31, 2013 and 2012, the Company recognized contract service revenue of $0.6million and $0.5 million, respectively.3. FRENCH BUSINESS COMBINATION AND DECONSOLIDATIONOn July 12, 2012, the Company entered into an agreement under which it accepted, by way of a share contribution, one hundred percent of all outstandingcommon stock of Finesco and its wholly-owned subsidiary, Scomedica in a transaction accounted for as a business combination. Further, in July 2012,Finesco acquired all of the capital stock of Portalis SARL, later renamed NexMed Pharma, which was accounted for as a business combination. Accordingly,the assets acquired, including goodwill of approximately $7.5 million, and liabilities assumed of the former French Subsidiaries were recorded as of thetransaction date at their respective fair values and are included in the consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2012. The operating results of the formerFrench Subsidiaries were included in the contract sales segment as of the acquisition date, which was eliminated as a result of the deconsolidation of theCompany’s former French Subsidiaries. Net loss from operations amounted to approximately $11.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2012.The Company reassessed the fair value of the contract sales reporting unit during the fourth quarter of 2012. The Company performed a Step 1 goodwillimpairment analysis using significant judgments including estimation of future cash flows, which is dependent on internal forecasts, estimation of the long-term rate of growth for the businesses, the useful life over which cash flows47Table of Contents will occur, and determination of the Company’s weighted average cost of capital. These significant, unobservable inputs represent a Level 3 measurementwithin the fair value hierarchy. The fair value of the reporting unit was less than the carrying value indicating that the goodwill may be impaired. TheCompany then performed a Step 2 analysis determining that the implied value of the goodwill was less than the carrying value of the goodwill for the reportingunit. In the fourth quarter of 2012, the Company fully impaired the goodwill previously recognized.In March 2013, the Company announced that it would cease funding its former French Subsidiaries. On March 28, 2013, the Versailles Commercial Court,France opened a bankruptcy reorganization of the French Subsidiaries following a declaration of insolvency by their legal representative, which was a result ofa decrease in the unit’s operating performance resulting from recently enacted pricing policies affecting drug reimbursement in France, the subsequent relatedloss of certain contract sales agreements and in this context, the Company’s decision to cease funding its former French Subsidiaries. On April 25, 2013, theformer French Subsidiaries entered into a judicial liquidation procedure. As a result of the conversion of the bankruptcy reorganization into a liquidationprocess, the Company deconsolidated the former French Subsidiaries from the Company’s financial statements as of April 25, 2013, the date that theCompany no longer controlled the former French Subsidiaries in accordance with the consolidation guidance. As a result, the assets and liabilities of theformer French Subsidiaries were deconsolidated as of April 25, 2013, and the operating results of the French Subsidiaries from January 1, 2013 throughApril 25, 2013 are included in the continuing operations of the Company until the date of deconsolidation.As a result of the deconsolidation, the Company recorded a non-cash benefit of $0.6 million during the second quarter of 2013, which was a result of othercomprehensive income being recorded as income in the consolidated income statement as a result of the deconsolidation of the former French Subsidiaries.Additionally, although the Company did not expect to be liable for the unsatisfied liabilities of the former French Subsidiaries as a result of the liquidationprocess in France, it was possible that a French court could have imposed these liabilities on the Company. If that had occurred, the Company could havebeen required to satisfy liabilities of the liquidating former French Subsidiaries and therefore, the Company recorded a liability of $2.8 million as ofDecember 31, 2013, for the amount of the liabilities associated with the former French Subsidiaries.In November 2013, the Company signed a license agreement with Majorelle (See Note 2). In February 2014, the Global Settlement Agreement (“GSA”) by andamong the Company, the Works Council, the Judicial Liquidator of both Scomedica SAS and NexMed Europe SAS, the Trustee of NexMed Pharma SASand Majorelle, became effective upon ratification by the Versailles Commercial Court, becoming a legally enforceable agreement and in conjunction with theMajorelle license agreement released the Company from any outstanding and potentially future claims or liabilities related to the liquidation process of theformer French Subsidiaries. Accordingly, the $2.8 million liability reflected in the Company’s consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2013, will bereleased during 2014.4. OTHER ACQUISITIONS AND DISPOSITIONSApricus PharmaceuticalsTopoTargetOn December 29, 2011, the Company acquired all of the outstanding stock of TopoTarget USA, Inc., which became a wholly-owned subsidiary of theCompany and was subsequently renamed Apricus Pharmaceuticals USA, Inc. (“TopoTarget” or “Apricus Pharmaceuticals”), in a transaction accounted foras a business combination. Accordingly, the assets acquired, including goodwill and intangible assets of approximately $1.1 million and $2.6 million,respectively, and liabilities assumed of TopoTarget were recorded as of the acquisition date at their respective fair values. The results of this business wereincluded in the pharmaceuticals segment as of the acquisition date.In December 2012, the Company made the strategic decision to divest Apricus Pharmaceuticals resulting in the assets and liabilities and results of the ApricusPharmaceuticals operations being classified as discontinued operations in the Company’s consolidated financial statements as of the and for the year endedDecember 31, 2012.In connection with the Company’s annual goodwill impairment assessment, the Company reassessed the fair value of this reporting unit during the fourthquarter of 2012. The Company performed a Step 1 goodwill impairment analysis which uses significant judgments including estimation of future cash flows,which is dependent on internal forecasts, estimation of the long-term rate of growth for the businesses, the useful life over which cash flows will occur, anddetermination of the Company’s weighted average cost of capital. These significant, unobservable inputs represent a Level 3 measurement within the fair valuehierarchy. The fair value of the reporting unit was significantly less than the carrying value indicating that the goodwill may be impaired. The Company thencompared the fair value estimated in Step 1 to the fair value of the net assets less goodwill to calculate the implied value of48Table of Contents goodwill. The fair value of the net assets less goodwill was approximately the same as the fair value of the business. Thus the implied value of goodwill wasdetermined to be $0 and the goodwill associated with the reporting unit was fully impaired resulting in a charge of $1.1 million being recorded in the fourthquarter of 2012. Based on the Company’s analysis, an impairment charge of $1.8 million associated with the Apricus Pharmaceuticals intangible assets wasalso recorded.original terms of the purchase agreement. In addition, approximately $0.09 million was recorded as other expense as a result of a change in stock price betweenthe agreement date and the date the shares were issued.In September 2013, the Company and TopoTarget A/S negotiated a settlement agreement which resulted in the extinguishment of the contingent considerationassociated with milestone stock payments and all other obligations set forth in the purchase agreement, in exchange for 540,276 shares of Apricus commonstock, valued at approximately $1.2 million at the date of issuance. To the extent that the shares, when sold by TopoTarget A/S, had an aggregate value of lessthan $1.1 million, the Company was required to provide additional consideration to TopoTarget A/S in an amount equal to the shortfall. As a result, theCompany recorded a non-cash gain of $0.5 million in its continuing operations for the difference between the contingent consideration of $1.7 million relievedfrom liabilities and the $1.2 million of common stock provided in accordance with the settlement agreement. TopoTarget sold all of the Apricus shares duringthe fourth quarter of 2013 for approximately $1.0 million. Therefore, the Company owed TopoTarget additional consideration of approximately $0.09 million,which was recorded within accrued expense and other expense as of and for the year ended December 31, 2013.Sale of Totect® AssetsOn March 26, 2013, the Company entered into an agreement to sell to Biocodex, Inc. (“Biocodex”) all of the Company’s rights and certain information,property and inventory related to Totect® (the “Assets”) in exchange for $1.5 million in cash at the closing date plus the right to receive double-digit, tiered,decreasing royalties based on Biocodex’s net sales over the next three years (the “Transaction”).The royalty payments are based on a percentage of net sales beginning on March 26, 2013. As of December 31, 2013, no royalty payments had been earned orcollected. The Company evaluated the potential and estimated future earn-out payments prescribed by the future royalty arrangement, concluding that it wasunable to determine the amount, timing or certainty of its ability to receive future royalty payments from Biocodex associated with the future sales of Totect®and accordingly, has not recorded an earn-out receivable associated with the Biocodex Agreement.A summary of the assets sold in conjunction with the sale of the Assets as of March 26, 2013 is as follows (in thousands):Current assets, including inventory, prepaid expenses$960Fixed assets, net of depreciation63Technology license, net of accumulated amortization1,467Trade name license, net of accumulated amortization411 $2,901The Company recorded a loss of $1.4 million in the first quarter of 2013 related to the sale of the Assets, which were previously recorded in discontinuedoperations in 2012, representing the difference between the book value of the assets sold and the $1.5 million in cash consideration received. The Companywill recognize any future earnings related to the receipt of royalties from Biocodex in the reporting period when earned as a recovery of the loss withindiscontinued operations. This loss and any future earnings will be presented in discontinued operations.The Company retained all liabilities arising in connection with the manufacture or commercialization of Totect® by the Company prior to the closing date ofthe Transaction. As a result, following the sale of the Totect® assets in the first quarter of 2013, the liabilities related to Totect® were reclassified to continuingoperations. The liabilities related to Apricus Pharmaceuticals, which were reclassified to continuing operations as of the date of the sale, amounted to $0.2million as of December 31, 2013.Granisol® In June 2013, after seeking strategic alternatives for its U.S. oncology supportive care business, the Company determined that it would no longer pursue abuyer for its sales promotional interest in the Granisol® product and provided a notice of termination to49Table of Contents PediatRx under the Co-Promotion Agreement, which was finalized in August 2013. There are no remaining assets or liabilities related to Granisol® at this time.BQ KitsThe Company had a segment of research-use-only Elisa Kits and Rapid Tests across a range of targets. The business was not core to the Company’s currentstrategy which is focused on the development and commercialization of products associated with male and female sexual health and in June 2013, managementinitiated a sale process. Accordingly, the operating results of the BQ Kits, Inc. (“BQ Kits”) business have been included in discontinued operations for theyear ended December 31, 2013, 2012, and 2011.In July 2013, the Company sold BQ Kits to an unrelated third-party for a gain on sale of approximately $0.2 million, which was reflected during the thirdquarter of 2013 within the Company’s discontinued operations.Discontinued OperationsThe carrying amounts of the assets and liabilities of its discontinued operations, associated with Apricus Pharmaceuticals and BQ Kits, as of December 31,2012 are as follows (in thousands):Inventories$292Prepaid expenses and other current assets533Current assets of discontinued operations825Fixed assets, net40Intangible assets, net1,877Other long-term assets23Noncurrent assets of discontinued operations1,940Total assets of discontinued operations$2,765Trade accounts payable$706Accrued expenses1,087Deferred revenue243Contingent consideration1,328Provision for replacement inventory170Current liabilities of discontinued operations3,534Contingent consideration420Provision for replacement inventory28Noncurrent liabilities of discontinued operations448Total liabilities of discontinued operations$3,982The operating results of the Company’s discontinued operations are as follows (in thousands): Year Ended December 31, 2013 2012 2011Product sales$432 $785 $499Cost of goods sold(177) (583) (379)Operating expenses(120) (6,444) (12)Other income— 147 —Gain (loss) on sale of assets(1,203) — —Income (loss) from discontinued operations$(1,068) $(6,095) $108 5. OTHER FINANCIAL INFORMATION50Table of Contents InventoryInventory as of December 31, 2013 was $0.3 million and consisted of raw material of $0.2 million and work-in-progress of $0.1 million.Property and equipmentProperty and equipment are comprised of the following (in thousands): December 31, 2013 2012Leasehold improvements$20 $130Machinery and equipment847 126Capital lease equipment76 76Computer software134 17Furniture and fixtures34 31Equipment in process— 318Total property and equipment1,111 698Less: accumulated depreciation and amortization(156) (97)Property and equipment, net$955 $601Depreciation expense totaled $0.08 million, $0.2 million and $0.5 million for the years ended December 31, 2013, 2012, and 2011, respectively.Sale of propertyIn August 2012, the Company decided to sell its facility in East Windsor, New Jersey and as a result, the land, building and machinery associated with thefacility were classified as property held for sale as of December 2012. On December 28, 2012, an agreement was signed to sell the facility for a total of $4.1million. The Company performed a review for impairment of the facility based on this offer price, less the estimated selling costs of $0.5 million, andrecorded an impairment charge of approximately $0.5 million in general and administrative expenses in 2012. The property was leased to a tenant under along-term lease.In March 2013, the Company sold the building to an unrelated third party buyer for gross cash proceeds of $4.1 million. The rental income received from thetenant prior to the sale was recognized as other income in continuing operations during the year ended December 31, 2013. Rental income for the years endedDecember 31, 2013, 2012, and 2011 was $0.09 million, $0.5 million, and $0.5 million, respectively.Pursuant to the building sale agreement, $0.3 million is restricted cash held in escrow for environmental remediation services to be performed and for taxes,both of which are the obligation of the Company. The Company has recorded a liability for the environmental remediation as well as tax liabilities, both ofwhich are included in accrued liabilities. These liabilities represent the best estimate of the fair value of the total obligations and are expected to be satisfiedwithin the current year and are therefore classified as current restricted cash and current liabilities, respectively.Accrued expensesAccrued expenses are comprised of the following (in thousands):51Table of Contents December 31, 2013 2012Professional fees$997 $379Outside research and development services298 564Deferred compensation184 616Environmental remediation services168 —Social and VAT taxes— 359Other472 596 $2,119 $2,514Gain on sale of investmentThe Company previously held a restricted investment in a privately-held biotechnology company, which was valued at zero in the Company’s consolidatedfinancial statements as of December 31, 2012. In 2013, the Company sold its investment in the entity and realized net proceeds of approximately $2.6 million,which was reflected as a gain on sale of investment during the fourth quarter of 2013 in the Company’s Consolidated Statement of Operations.6. DEFERRED COMPENSATIONIn 2002, the Company entered into an employment agreement with Y. Joseph Mo, Ph.D., pursuant to which Dr. Mo served as the Company’s Chief ExecutiveOfficer and President. Under the employment agreement, Dr. Mo was entitled to severance, payable monthly for 180 months, upon termination of hisemployment. Dr. Mo’s employment was terminated in December 2005. The Company had deferred severance compensation balances, pursuant to the terms ofthe agreement, of $0.7 million and $0.8 million as of December 31, 2013 and December 31, 2012, respectively.7. CONVERTIBLE NOTES PAYABLEOn December 7, 2012, the Company issued convertible notes (the “2012 Convertible Notes”). The 2012 Convertible Notes are, at the holders’option, redeemable in cash upon maturity at December 31, 2014, or convertible into shares of common stock at a conversion price ($2.58 per share as ofDecember 31, 2013), which price is subject to adjustment upon certain dilutive issuances of common stock. The 2012 Convertible Notes bear interest at7% per annum, which is payable quarterly at the Company’s option in cash or, if the Company’s net cash balance is less than $3.0 million at the time ofpayment, in shares of common stock. If paid in shares of common stock, then the price of the stock issued is determined at 95% of the five-day weightedaverage of the market price of the common stock prior to the time of payment.The fair value of the 2012 Convertible Notes was determined on the amendment date based on a discounted cash flow model using a risk adjusted annualinterest rate of approximately 16%, which represents a Level 3 measurement within the fair value hierarchy given that this is an unobservable input. The fairvalue of these notes as of December 31, 2013 approximates the book value. The holders have the option to redeem $1.5 million of the principal on the 2012Convertible Notes on April 1, 2014The 2012 Convertible Notes have an anti-dilution provision that results in an embedded conversion feature that has been accounted for as a derivative. TheCompany valued the derivative as of December 31, 2012 using a Black-Scholes valuation model on the issuance date using the following inputs: stock priceon the day of issuance ($1.93), 70% volatility, a 2 year term and a risk-free interest rate of 0.25%. These unobservable inputs represent a Level 3measurement within the fair value hierarchy. The estimated fair value of the conversion feature is revalued on a monthly basis and any resulting increases ordecreases in the estimated fair value are recorded within other income (expense). The fair value as of December 31, 2013 was determined using the followinginputs: stock price of $2.65, 60% volatility, a one year term and a risk-free interest rate of 0.13%. The estimated fair value of the conversion feature as ofDecember 31, 2013 and 2012 was $0.5 million and $0.9 million, respectively, which has been recorded as a derivative liability in the consolidated balancesheets.During the year ended December 31, 2013, the Company issued 486,923 common shares upon the conversion of $1.25 million of the principal balance of the2012 Convertible Notes into common stock. $0.7 million of the derivative liability was re-classified to additional paid in capital upon conversion, and $0.2million of the debt discount was credited to additional paid in capital.52Table of Contents The Company’s convertible notes payable balance as of December 31, 2013 and 2012 consisted of the following (in thousands): December 31, 2013 2012Convertible notes payable$4,000 $4,000Less: conversions to common stock(1,250) — 2,750 4,000Less: unamortized debt discount(150) (587) $2,600 $3,413 Current portion, net of discount of $150$2,600 $—Long term portion, net of discount of $587— 3,413 $2,600 $3,413The Company recognized interest expense related to its convertible notes payable of $0.5 million, $0.3 million and $0.3 million during the year endedDecember 31, 2013, 2012 and 2011, respectively.8. STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITYPreferred StockThe Company is authorized to issue 10.0 million shares of preferred stock, par value $0.001, of which 1.0 million shares are designated as Series A JuniorParticipating Preferred Stock, 800 are designated as Series B 8% Cumulative Convertible Preferred Stock, 600 are designated as Series C 6% CumulativeConvertible Preferred Stock and 50,000 have been designated as Series D Junior Participating Cumulative Preferred Stock. No shares of preferred stock wereoutstanding as of December 31, 2013 or 2012.Common Stock OfferingsOffering AgreementOn December 30, 2011, the Company entered into a Controlled Equity Offering Agreement (the “Offering Agreement”) with Ascendiant Capital Markets, LLC(“Ascendiant”). Pursuant to the Offering Agreement, the Company may offer and sell shares of its common stock having an aggregate offering price of up to$20.0 million, from time to time through Ascendiant. The sales of the common stock under the Offering Agreement will be made in “at the market” offeringsas defined in Rule 415 of the Securities Act of 1933 (the “Securities Act”), including sales made directly on the NASDAQ Capital Market, on any otherexisting trading market for the Shares or to or through a market maker. The Company’s ATM common stock selling facility may be terminated by either partyby giving proper written notice. In April 2013, the Company amended the Offering Agreement primarily to change the effective shelf registration statement onForm S-3 associated with the shares to be sold under the ATM offerings.During 2012, the Company sold an aggregate of 515,329 shares of common stock under the Offering Agreement at a weighted average sales price ofapproximately $4.01 per share, resulting in offering proceeds of approximately $2.0 million, net of sales commissions of $0.07 million. During the first halfof 2013, the Company sold an aggregate of 312,450 shares of common stock under the Offering Agreement at a weighted average sales price of approximately$2.63 per share, resulting in offering proceeds of approximately $0.8 million, net of sales commissions of $0.03 million. There were no shares sold under theOffering Agreement during the second half of 2013.2012 UnitsOn February 14, 2012, the Company offered and sold 4,938,272 units (“2012 Units”) in a follow-on public offering of securities with each 2012 Unitconsisting of one share of common stock, $0.001 par value per share of the Company and one warrant to purchase 0.50 shares of Common Stock at a price of$5.25 per full warrant share. The 2012 Units were offered at a public offering price of $4.05 per 2012 Unit. The underwriters purchased the 2012 Unitsfrom the Company at a price of $3.807 per 2012 Unit, which represented a 6.0% discount to the public offering price. The warrants were exercisableimmediately upon issuance and will expire five years from the date of issuance. The net proceeds to the Company from this offering were approximately $18.4million after deducting underwriting discounts and commissions and other offering expenses payable by the Company. In accordance with the equityguidance, the warrants’ fair value of $3.7 million was determined on the date of grant using the Black-53Table of Contents Scholes model with the following assumptions: risk free interest rate of 1.0%, volatility of 70.0%, a 5.0 year term and no dividend yield. These warrants wererecorded as a component of stockholders’ equity with an equal offsetting amount to stockholders’ equity because the warrants did not meet the liabilityclassification criteria. No warrants that were issued as part of the 2012 Unit offering have been exercised as of December 31, 2013.2013 UnitsOn May 29, 2013, the Company offered and sold 6,000,000 units (“2013 Units”) in a follow-on public offering of securities with each 2013 Unit consistingof one share of common stock, $0.001 par value per share of the Company and one warrant to purchase 0.5 shares of Common Stock at a price of $3.40 perfull warrant share. The 2013 Units were offered at a public offering price of $2.85 per 2013 Unit. The underwriters purchased the 2013 Units from theCompany at a price of $2.679 per 2013 Unit, which represented a 6% discount to the public offering price. The warrants were exercisable immediately uponissuance and will expire five years from the date of issuance. The net proceeds to the Company from this offering were approximately $15.8 million afterdeducting underwriting discounts, commissions and other offering expenses payable by the Company. In accordance with the equity guidance, the warrants’fair value of $3.3 million was determined on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes model with the following assumptions: risk free interest rate of 1.0%,volatility of 70%, a 5 year term and no dividend yield. These warrants were recorded as a component of stockholders’ equity with an equal offsetting amountto stockholders’ equity because the warrants did not meet the liability classification criteria. No warrants that were issued as part of the 2013 Unit offeringhave been exercised as of December 31, 2013.WarrantsDuring the years ended December 31, 2013, 2012, and 2011, the Company received proceeds of $0.05 million, $0.04 million, and $1.0 million from theexercise of 20,000, 17,595, and 649,865 warrants, respectively.A summary of warrant activity during the year ended December 31, 2013 is as follows: Common SharesIssuable uponExercise WeightedAverageExercisePrice WeightedAverageRemainingContractualLife (in years)Outstanding at December 31, 20123,205,492 $4.56 3.8Issued3,000,000 3.40 Exercised(20,000) 2.27 Cancelled— — Outstanding at December 31, 20136,185,492 4.01 3.6Exercisable at December 31, 20136,185,492 $4.01 3.69. EQUITY COMPENSATION PLANSAs of December 31, 2013, the Company had two share-based compensation plans that provided for awards to acquire shares of its common stock. In March2012, the Company’s stockholders approved the 2012 Stock Long Term Incentive Plan (the “2012 Plan”), which provides for the issuance of incentive andnon-incentive stock options, restricted and unrestricted stock awards, stock unit awards and stock appreciation rights. A total of 3.0 million common shareshave been authorized for issuance under the 2012 Plan, which includes 1.0 million common shares authorized in May of 2013 in accordance with theevergreen provisions of the 2012 Plan. The NexMed, Inc. 2006 Stock Incentive Plan (“the 2006 Plan”) includes 3.8 million authorized shares.Options granted generally vest over a period of one to four years and have a maximum term of 10 years from the date of grant. As of December 31, 2013, anaggregate of 6.8 million shares of common stock are authorized under the Company’s equity compensation plans, of which 3.2 million common shares areavailable for future grants.54Table of Contents Stock OptionsA summary of stock option activity during the year ended December 31, 2013 is as follows: Number ofShares WeightedAverageExercisePrice WeightedAverage RemainingContractualLife (in years) TotalAggregateIntrinsicValueOutstanding as of December 31, 20122,213,916 $3.71 8.9 $—Granted1,416,771 2.41 Exercised— — Cancelled(1,279,450) 3.38 Outstanding as of December 31, 20132,351,237 $3.10 8.6 $444,012Vested or expected to vest as of December 31, 20132,288,694 $3.10 8.6 $432,202Exercisable as of December 31, 2013752,815 $4.32 7.5 $66,631As of December 31, 2013, 2012, and 2011, there were 752,815, 856,868 and 138,323 options exercisable, respectively. The aggregate intrinsic value ofoptions exercised during the years ended December 31, 2012 and 2011 was approximately $15,850, and $14,175, respectively.Stock AwardsA summary of stock award activity during the year ended December 31, 2013 is as follows: Number ofShares Weighted AverageGrant Date Fair ValuePer ShareNonvested as of December 31, 2012112,705 $5.15Granted9,668 $2.48Vested(95,645) $5.04Forfeited— $—Nonvested as of December 31, 201326,728 $4.58Share-Based CompensationThe value of stock grants is calculated based upon the closing stock price of the Company’s common stock on the date of the grant. For stock options grantedto employees and directors, the Company recognizes compensation expense based on the grant-date fair value over the requisite service period of the awards,which is the vesting period. The Company estimates the fair value of each option award on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes option pricing model.The following table presents the weighted average assumptions used by the Company to estimate the fair value of stock option grants using the Black-Scholesoption-pricing model, as well as the resulting weighted average fair values: Year Ended December 31, 2013 2012 2011Risk-free interest rate1.08% - 1.85% 0.6% - 1.1% 1.2% - 1.7%Volatility70% 70% 255%Dividend yield0% 0% 0%Expected term5.25- 6.25 years 5.25-6 years 4.00 yearsForfeiture rate2.66% 2.66% 2.66%Weighted average fair value$1.52 $1.95 $4.4055Table of Contents Expected Volatility. The Company uses analysis of historical volatility to compute the expected volatility of its stock options. For the consideration of volatilityin 2011, the Company had a limited number of reference points and as a result, the expected volatility was considered to be significant but did not have asignificant impact to the consolidated financial statements.Expected Term. The expected life assumptions were based on the simplified method set forth in Staff Accounting Bulletin 14.Risk-Free Interest Rate. The interest rate used in valuing awards is based on the yield at the time of grant of a U.S. Treasury security with an equivalentremaining term.Dividend Yield. The Company has never paid cash dividends, and does not currently intend to pay cash dividends, and thus has assumed a 0% dividendyield.Pre-Vesting Forfeitures. Estimates of pre-vesting option forfeitures are based on the Company’s experience. The Company will adjust its estimate offorfeitures over the requisite service period based on the extent to which actual forfeitures differ, or are expected to differ, from such estimates. Changes inestimated forfeitures are recognized through a cumulative catch-up adjustment in the period of change and also impact the amount of compensation expense tobe recognized in future periods. Adjustments have not been significant to date.As of December 31, 2013, there was $2.2 million in unrecognized compensation cost related to non-vested stock options expected to be recognized over aweighted average period of 1.47 years.The value of stock awards is calculated based upon the closing stock price of the Company’s common stock on the date of the grant and is expensed over thevesting period of the award. As of December 31, 2013 there was $0.1 million in unrecognized compensation cost related to non-vested restricted stock, whichis expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of 0.5 years.The following table summarizes the total stock-based compensation expense resulting from share-based awards recorded in the Company’s ConsolidatedStatements of Operations (in thousands): Year Ended December 31, 2013 2012 2011Research and development$225 $299 $307General and administrative1,767 2,618 1,828$1,992 $2,917 $2,13510. RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONSThe Company had the following related party transactions during the years ended December 31, 2013, 2012, and 2011:Innovus Pharmaceuticals, Inc.Innovus Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (“Innovus”) is a development-stage company of which a former executive officer and a former director of the Company wereminority shareholders during 2012 and 2011. Each left the Company during 2012.In April 2011, the Company and Innovus entered into an Asset Purchase Agreement, pursuant to which Innovus (formerly “FasTrack Pharmaceuticals, Inc.”(“FasTrack”)) sold to the Company all the rights it had in certain back-up compounds for PrevOnco™, a development-stage candidate that the Company hadstudied for the treatment of solid tumors. In exchange for the PrevOnco™ back-up compound portfolio, the Company loaned FasTrack $0.25 million in theform of a secured convertible note and restructured the then existing outstanding demand notes and interest payable due to the Company into a second securedconvertible note in the amount of $0.2 million. In March 2012, FasTrack converted the notes to common stock of FasTrack based on a December 2011merger of FasTrack with a publicly-traded company, to form Innovus. The Company received less than a 1% common stock interest in Innovus in connectionwith the conversion, which was returned to Innovus in October 2012 along with $0.03 million in cash in exchange for all rights and interests to PrevOnco™.The transaction was recorded as a charge to research and development expense of $0.03 million during the year ended December 31, 2012.Other Related Party Transactions56Table of Contents For the years ended December 31, 2012 and 2011, the Company purchased approximately $0.04 million and $0.12 million, respectively, of supplies from anentity owned 100% by the Company’s former CEO.11. INCOME TAXESThe Company has incurred losses since inception, which have generated U.S. net operating loss carry forwards (“NOLs”) of approximately $162.0 millionfor federal income tax purposes. These carry forwards are available to offset future taxable income and expire beginning in 2018 through 2032 for federalincome tax purposes.Utilization of the NOLs may be subject to a substantial annual limitation due to ownership change limitations that may have occurred or that could occur inthe future, as required under Internal Revenue Code Section 382 (“Section 382”), as well as similar state and foreign provisions. These ownership changesmay limit the amount of NOLs that can be utilized annually to offset future taxable income. In general, an “ownership change” as defined by Section 382results from a transaction or series of transactions over a three-year period resulting in an ownership change of more than 50 percentage points of theoutstanding stock of a company by certain stockholders or public groups. Since the Company’s formation, the Company has raised capital through theissuance of capital stock on several occasions which, combined with the purchasing stockholders’ subsequent disposition of those shares, may have resultedin such an ownership change, or could result in an ownership change in the future upon subsequent disposition.The Company has not completed a study to assess whether an ownership change has occurred or whether there have been multiple ownership changes sincethe Company’s formation due to the complexity and cost associated with such a study, and the fact that there may be additional such ownership changes inthe future. If the Company has experienced an ownership change at any time since its formation, utilization of the NOLs would be subject to an annuallimitation under Section 382, which is determined by first multiplying the value of the Company’s stock at the time of the ownership change by the applicablelong-term, tax-exempt rate, and then could be subject to additional adjustments, as required. Any limitation may result in expiration of a portion of the NOLbefore utilization. Further, until a study is completed and any limitation known, no amounts are being considered as an uncertain tax position or disclosed asan unrecognized tax benefit under authoritative accounting guidance. Any NOLs that will expire prior to utilization as a result of such limitations will beremoved from deferred tax assets with a corresponding reduction of the valuation allowance with no net effect on income tax expense or the effective tax rate.57Table of Contents Details of income tax expense are as follows (in thousands): December 31, 2013 2012 2011Current Federal $— $— $—State — — —Foreign — — —Total current — — —Deferred Federal — — —State — — —Foreign — 516 —Total deferred — 516 —Total income tax expense $— $516 $—Deferred tax assets consist of the following: December 31, 2013 2012Net operating tax loss carryforwards $59,927 $54,563Research and development tax credits 404 —Deferred compensation 269 482Other accruals and reserves 504 1,199Basis of intangible assets (45) 20Total deferred tax asset 61,059 56,264Less valuation allowance (61,059) (56,264)Net deferred tax asset $— $—The net operating loss carryforwards and tax credit carryforwards resulted in a noncurrent deferred tax asset as of December 31, 2013 and 2012 ofapproximately $60.3 million and $54.6 million, respectively. In consideration of the Company’s accumulated losses and the uncertainty of its ability to utilizethis deferred tax asset in the future, the Company has recorded a full valuation allowance as of such dates.The Company follows the provisions of income tax guidance which provides recognition criteria and a related measurement model for uncertain tax positionstaken or expected to be taken in income tax returns. The guidance requires that a position taken or expected to be taken in a tax return be recognized in thefinancial statements when it is more likely than not that the position would be sustained upon examination by tax authorities. Tax positions that meet the morelikely than not threshold are then measured using a probability weighted approach recognizing the largest amount of tax benefit that is greater than 50% likelyof being realized upon ultimate settlement. The Company’s Federal income tax returns for 2011 to 2013 are still open and subject to audit. In addition, netoperating losses arising from prior years are also subject to examination at the time they are utilized in future years. Unrecognized tax benefits, if recognized,would have no effect on the Company’s effective tax rate. The Company’s policy is to recognize interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits inincome tax expense. As of December 31, 2013, the Company has not recorded any interest and penalties related to uncertain tax positions. The Company doesnot foresee any material changes to unrecognized tax benefits within the next twelve months.A reconciliation of the Company’s unrecognized tax benefits from January 1, 2013 through December 31, 2013 is provided in the following table (inthousands): 58Table of Contents 2013Balance as of January 1, 2013 $2,879Increase in current period positions 41Decrease in prior period positions (125)Balance as of December 31, 2013 $2,795The reconciliation of income taxes computed using the statutory U.S. income tax rate and the provision (benefit) for income taxes for continuing operations forthe years ended December 31, 2013, 2012, and 2011, are as follows: Year Ended December 31, 2013 2012 2011Federal statutory tax rate (34)% (34)% (34)%State taxes, net of federal benefit (1)% (3)% (5)%Valuation allowance 37 % 20 % 39 %Prior year true-ups 1 % 6 % — %Foreign rate difference — % 2 % — %Permanent differences (1)% 11 % — %Tax credits (2)% — % — %Income tax expense — % 2 % — %For the years ended December 31, 2013, 2012, and 2011, the Company’s effective tax rate differs from the federal statutory rate principally due to netoperating losses and other temporary differences for which no benefit was recorded.12. COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIESOperating LeasesIn December 2011, the Company entered into a five year lease agreement for its headquarters location in San Diego, California expiring December 31, 2016.The Company has an option to extend the lease an additional five years. The lease term contains a base rent of $0.02 million per month with 3% annualescalations, plus a supplemental real estate tax and operating expense charge to be determined annually. The Company received a five month base rentabatement with the lease agreement. This abatement is recoverable by the landlord on a straight line amortized basis over 60 months should the Companyterminate the lease early for any reason.For the years ended December 31, 2013, 2012, and 2011, rent expense for continuing operations totaled $0.4 million, $0.4 million and $0.4 million,respectively.Future minimum rental payments under operating leases as of December 31, 2013 are as follows (in thousands):Year Ended December 31, 201441220154252016324Total1,161Legal MattersThe Company is a party to the following litigation, as well as certain other litigation that is either judged to be not material or that arises in the ordinarycourse of business from time to time. The Company intends to vigorously defend its interests in these59Table of Contents matters. The Company expects that the resolution of these matters will not have a material adverse effect on its business, financial condition or results ofoperations. However, due to the uncertainties inherent in litigation, no assurance can be given as to the outcome of these proceedings.Versailles Civil Court SummonsOn April 25, 2013, the Company’s former French Subsidiaries entered into a judicial liquidation procedure as a result of a decrease in the unit’s operatingperformance resulting from recently enacted pricing policies affecting drug reimbursement in France, the subsequent related loss or interruption of certaincontract sales agreements and in this context, the Company’s decision to cease financing its former French Subsidiaries.In June 2013, the Versailles Civil Court (the “Civil Court”) authorized the French Works Council (which represents individuals previously employed by theformer French Subsidiaries) to deliver a writ of summons to the Company for a hearing in the Civil Court in September 2013. In the summons it was claimedthat the Company was the co-employer of the individuals working for Scomedica and that, as such, was liable for the financing of a job protection plan. Thesummons sought €4.1 million ($5.6 million as of December 31, 2013) from us.In February 2014, the Global Settlement Agreement (the “Global Settlement Agreement”) by and among the Company, the Works Council, the JudicialLiquidator of both Scomedica SAS and NexMed Europe SAS, the Trustee of NexMed Pharma SAS and Laboratoires Majorelle, became effective uponratification by the Versailles Commercial Court (the “Commercial Court”). In March 2014, the Company signed individual settlement agreements with theformer employees of Scomedica SAS, which are expected to be fully executed in March 2014 and become effective upon notification by the Commercial Courtin March or April 2014.Pursuant to the aforementioned settlement agreements, the respective parties are waiving all claims they have asserted or could assert against the Companyrelating to the liquidation and reorganization of the French Subsidiaries, the Company is not required to make any direct payments to those parties and theWorks Council agrees to the withdrawal of proceedings and actions relating to their €4.1 million claim against the Company.With the resolution of these matters in 2014, the approximate $2.8 million liability reflected in the most recent consolidated balance sheet of the Company willbe released in 2014.13. FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTSAssets and Liabilities Measured at Fair Value on a Recurring BasisThe Company determines the fair value measurements of applicable assets and liabilities based on a three-tier fair value hierarchy established by accountingguidance and prioritizes the inputs used in measuring fair value. These tiers include: Level 1, defined as observable inputs such as quoted market prices inactive markets; Level 2, defined as inputs other than quoted prices in active markets that are either directly or indirectly observable; and Level 3, defined asunobservable inputs in which little or no market data exists, therefore requiring an entity to develop its own assumptions.The following table summarizes the Company’s liabilities that require fair value measurements on a recurring basis and their respective input levels based onthe fair value hierarchy contained in accounting guidance for fair value measurements and disclosures (in thousands): Fair Value Quoted Market Pricesfor Identical Assets(Level 1) Significant OtherObservable Inputs(Level 2) SignificantUnobservableInputs (Level 3)As of December 31, 2013 Derivative liability related to 2012Convertible Notes $517 $— $— $517As of December 31, 2012 Derivative liability related to 2012Convertible Notes $906 $— $— $906Contingent consideration (discontinuedoperations) $1,748 $— $— $1,748Deferred compensation $868 $— $— $868Derivative Instruments60Table of Contents The Company’s conversion derivative related to its 2012 Convertible Notes is classified as Level 3 since the liability is not actively traded and is valued usingsignificant unobservable inputs. Significant inputs to this model were the Company’s stock price, conversion price, risk free interest rate, and expectedvolatility of the Company’s stock price. Changes in fair value are recorded in the statement of operations as other income (expense). A portion of the notes wereconverted during 2013 and the associated derivative liability was reclassified to stockholders’ equity.Deferred CompensationThe Company pays compensation on a deferred basis to a former executive based on the estimated present value of the obligation valued on the date ofseparation. During 2012, before the Company deconsolidated its former French Subsidiaries, NexMed Europe SAS, through its Scomedica subsidiary, hadan accrued retirement benefit liability mandated by the French Works Council which consisted of one lump-sum paid on the last working day when theemployee retires and has been included within the Deferred Compensation line item within the accompanying 2012 balance sheet. The amount of the paymentwas based on the length of service and earnings of the retiree. The Scomedica liability was estimated using the present value of the obligation at the end of thereporting period and was determined to be $0.9 million as of December 31, 2012. The amount of the payment was based on the length of service and earningsof the retiree. The cost of the obligation was estimated using the present value at the end of the reporting period representing Level 3 inputs. Actuarial estimatesfor the obligation are performed annually. The discount rate applied in the computation of the present value of the retirement liability corresponds to the yieldon high quality corporate bonds denominated in the currency in which the benefits will be paid and that have terms to maturity approximating the terms of therelated retirement liability.Contingent ConsiderationThe $1.7 million estimated fair value of additional purchase consideration (“contingent consideration”) as of December 31, 2012 is based on the projectedachievement of various regulatory and product cost reductions milestones which would be settled in shares of common stock based on the fair value at the datethe milestone is achieved. The Company determined the fair values of the obligation to pay additional milestone payments using various inputs, includingprobability of success, discount rates and amount of time until the conditions of the milestone payments are anticipated to be met. This fair valuemeasurement is based on significant inputs not observable in the market, representing a Level 3 measurement within the fair value hierarchy. The resultingprobability-weighted cash flows were discounted using a risk adjusted cost of capital factor of 23.6%, which was representative of the rate of return a marketparticipant would expect to receive from these assets. Management’s estimate of the range of milestone stock payments varied from approximately $0.3 millionif no regulatory or commercial milestones were achieved to approximately $2.3 million if all milestones were achieved. The contingent consideration waseliminated as a result of the settlement agreement with TopoTarget signed during the third quarter of 2013.The following table summarizes the continuing operations activity of liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis using significant unobservableinputs (Level 3 inputs) (in thousands): Convertible NotesDerivative DeferredCompensation ContingentConsiderationBalance as of December 31, 2012 $906 $868 $—Change in fair value measurement of derivative liability in connection with 2012Convertible Notes, included in other expense 274 — —Derivative liability reclassified to stockholders' equity (663) — —Disposition of deferred compensation liability as a result of deconsolidation of formerFrench Subsidiaries — (868) —Transfer of contingent consideration from discontinued operations to continuing operations — — 1,748Extinguishment of contingent consideration upon contract settlement — — (1,748)Balance as of December 31, 2013 $517 $— $—14. SELECTED QUARTERLY FINANCIAL INFORMATION (Unaudited)The following table presents the Company’s unaudited quarterly results of operations for the years ended December 31, 2013 and 2012 (in thousands, exceptper share data):61Table of Contents 2013 (1)(2) 1st Quarter 2nd Quarter 3rd Quarter 4th QuarterTotal revenue $929 $1,192 $28 $362Gross (loss) profit (922) 490 13 299Loss from continuing operations (6,950) (4,086) (3,199) (1,635)(Loss) income from discontinued operations (1,723) 151 214 290Net loss (8,673) (3,935) (2,985) (1,345)Basic and diluted loss per share Loss from continuing operations (0.23) (0.12) (0.09) (0.04)(Loss) income from discontinued operations (0.06) — 0.01 —Net loss (0.29) (0.12) (0.08) (0.04) 2012 (1)(2) 1st Quarter 2nd Quarter 3rd Quarter 4th QuarterTotal revenue $669 $3 $4,895 $2,378Gross profit (loss) 669 3 3,304 (271)Loss from continuing operations (3), (4) (3,698) (4,322) (1,921) (15,735)Loss from discontinued operations (5) (1,015) (604) (573) (3,903)Net loss (4,713) (4,926) (2,494) (19,638)Basic and diluted loss per share Loss from continuing operations (0.16) (0.16) (0.07) (0.53)Loss from discontinued operations (5) (0.04) (0.03) (0.02) (0.13)Net loss (0.20) (0.19) (0.09) (0.66)(1)In June 2013, the Company determined that the BQ Kits division would be offered for sale to qualified buyers and in July 2013, it was sold to anunrelated third-party. For all quarters included above, it is presented as discontinued operations.(2)In December 2012, the Company made the strategic decision to divest its operating segment aggregated in the Pharmaceuticals reporting segment,Apricus Pharmaceuticals (USA), Inc. (“Apricus Pharmaceuticals”) which is comprised of its U.S. oncology care products. The results of the ApricusPharmaceuticals operations are classified as discontinued operations in the Company’s consolidated financial statements during 2012. In 2013, theCompany sold all the assets related to this segment and reclassified all remaining liabilities to continuing operations. See Note 4 of the ConsolidatedFinancial Statements. They are presented as such in the Company’s consolidated financial statements for 2013.(3)Loss from continuing operations during the fourth quarter of 2012 included a one-time charge for $8.3 million to record an impairment of the goodwillassociated with the Finesco transaction.(4)Loss from continuing operations during the fourth quarter of 2012 included a one-time charge for $1.3 million to record a valuation allowance on thedeferred tax asset associated with the Finesco transaction. This valuation allowance was recorded as tax expense and was partially offset by deferredtax assets recorded subsequent to the Finesco transaction. The impact to the loss from continuing operations was a charge of $0.5 million presented astax expense on the consolidated statement of operations and comprehensive loss.(5)Loss from discontinued operations during the fourth quarter of 2012 included $2.9 million for the impairment of intangible assets and goodwillrelated to the Company’s discontinued operations.ITEM 9. CHANGES IN DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS ON ACCOUNTING AND FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE62Table of Contents None.ITEM 9A. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURESEvaluation of Disclosure Controls and ProceduresOur disclosure controls and procedures are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by us in reports that we file or submit under theSecurities Exchange Act (“SEC”) of 1934, as amended (“the Exchange Act”), is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periodsspecified in the SEC’s rules and forms. Disclosure controls and procedures include, without limitation, controls and procedures designed to ensure thatinformation required to be disclosed by us in reports we file or submit under the Exchange Act is accumulated and communicated to our management,including our principal executive officer and principal financial officer, or persons performing similar functions, as appropriate to allow timely decisionsregarding required disclosure.Under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including the chief executive officer (“CEO”) (principal executive officer) and the chieffinancial officer (“CFO”) (principal financial officer), we conducted an evaluation of the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures, as such termis defined under Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Exchange Act, as of December 31, 2013. Based on this evaluation, our CEO and our CFOconcluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were not effective as of December 31, 2013 because of the material weaknesses in internal control overfinancial reporting described below.Notwithstanding the material weaknesses described below, management has concluded that our consolidated financial statements included in this AnnualReport on Form 10-K are fairly stated in all material respects in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles “(GAAP”) for each of the periodspresented.Management’s Report on Internal Control Over Financial ReportingManagement is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting, as such term is defined in Exchange Act Rule13a-15(f). Our internal control over financial reporting is a process designed, under the supervision and with the participation of our principal executive officerand principal financial officer, overseen by our Board of Directors and implemented by our management and other personnel, to provide reasonable assuranceregarding the reliability of our financial reporting and the preparation of our financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally acceptedaccounting principles. Our internal control over financial reporting includes policies and procedures that:•Pertain to the maintenance of records that in reasonable detail accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of our assets;•Provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generallyaccepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures are being made only in accordance with authorizations of our management anddirectors; and•Provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use or disposition of our assets that could have amaterial effect on our financial statements.Because of its inherent limitations, our internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation ofeffectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliancewith the policies or procedures may deteriorate.Management performed an assessment of the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2013 using criteria established inthe Internal Control-Integrated Framework (1992) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (“COSO”). Basedon that assessment, management identified material weaknesses in internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2013 as further describedbelow.A material weakness is a deficiency, or combination of deficiencies, in internal control over financial reporting, such that there is a reasonable possibility thata material misstatement of our annual or interim financial statements will not be prevented or detected on a timely basis.We did not maintain effective internal controls over the accounting for and disclosures of technical accounting matters in the consolidated financial statements.Specifically, we did not maintain a sufficient complement of resources with an appropriate level of accounting knowledge, experience and trainingcommensurate with our structure and financial reporting requirements. This control deficiency resulted in audit adjustments identified with respect to theconsolidated financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2013 related to the cash flows presentation associated with the deconsolidation of our formerFrench Subsidiaries63Table of Contents and certain income tax disclosures. Additionally, this control deficiency resulted in audit adjustments with respect to our consolidated financial statements forthe year ended December 31, 2012 related to the identification of and accounting for an embedded derivative associated with the convertible note, presentationand disclosure related to the sale of the Bio-Quant business and associated cash flows and certain income tax disclosures.In addition, we did not maintain effective monitoring and oversight over the controls in the financial reporting process. Specifically, this deficiency resulted inhaving controls that were not effectively designed or maintained to sufficiently mitigate the risks of material misstatements including controls over thestatement of cash flows, discontinued operations, journal entries, consolidation and classification of accounts in the consolidated financial statements.Certain of these deficiencies resulted in adjustments identified with respect to the consolidated financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2013related to General and administrative, and Cost of Services Revenue of the Company’s former French Subsidiaries, Deferred cost and Research anddevelopment expense, Accrued expenses as well as audit adjustments identified related to Prepaid expenses and Trade accounts payable, the presentation ofearnings per share, presentation related to the sale of the BQ Kits business, the cash flows presentation associated with the deconsolidation of our formerFrench Subsidiaries and certain income tax disclosures.Although management has concluded that our consolidated financial statements included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K are fairly stated in all materialrespects in accordance with GAAP, these control deficiencies could result in misstatements of the consolidated financial statements that would result in amaterial misstatement of the consolidated financial statements that would not be prevented or detected. Accordingly, management has determined these controldeficiencies constitute material weaknesses. Because of these material weaknesses, management concluded that the Company did not maintain effectiveinternal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2013, based on criteria in Internal Control-Integrated Framework (1992) issued by the COSO.The effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2013 has been audited by PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, anindependent registered public accounting firm, as stated in their report which appears under Item 8.Material Weaknesses Plan for Remediation and Remediation Activities TakenWe disclosed in Item 9A, Controls and Procedures of our annual report on Form 10-K/A, for the year ended December 31, 2012, as filed with the SEC onSeptember 30, 2013 that a material weakness in our internal control over financial reporting existed related to the accounting for and disclosures of technicalaccounting matters in the consolidated financial statements as we did not maintain a sufficient complement of resources with an appropriate level of accountingknowledge, experience and training commensurate with our structure and financial reporting requirements. We are still in the process of remediating thismaterial weakness as of December 31, 2013. During the latter part of 2013 and to date in 2014, management has been working on remediation of the identifiedmaterial weakness in internal control over financial reporting.Management believes that progress has been made during the year ended December 31, 2013, and through the date of this report, to remediate the underlyingcauses of the material weaknesses in internal control over financial reporting. Under the oversight of the Audit Committee, management developed a detailedplan and timetable for the implementation of remedial measures. We have engaged in and are continuing to engage in efforts to improve our internal control overfinancial reporting and our disclosure controls and procedures. During the quarter ended December 31, 2013, we have taken the following specific actions andmade the following changes in the internal control environment related to the identified internal control weaknesses:•the addition of more experienced accounting staff, including an employee directly responsible for the consideration and accounting for technicalaccounting matters and an additional full-time experienced accountant responsible for the books of accounts;•other changes to the quantity and capabilities of personnel in the accounting organization to ensure that we have adequate skills and experienceto support our structure and financial reporting requirements;•the retention of additional qualified outside consulting skills, where necessary, in support of our highly complex technical accounting matters;•training programs for accounting personnel; and•the retention of an outside consulting firm to review the design of the internal control procedures associated with the analysis of technicalmatters over significant transactions to ensure that the processes and intended changes to the processes are addressing the relevant financialstatement assertions and presentation and disclosure matters.In addition, through the date of this Report on the Form 10-K, management is actively engaged in the planning for, and implementation of, remediation effortsto address the material weaknesses related to the maintenance of effective monitoring and64Table of Contents oversight controls over the financial reporting process. Management will retain an outside consulting firm to also assist in enhancements of the Company’sinternal control procedures, which will include monitoring and oversight over controls in the financial reporting process. In addition, management willcontinue to review and make necessary changes to the overall design of our internal control environment to improve the overall effectiveness of internal controlover financial reporting.Management believes the measures described above and others that will continue to be implemented will remediate the control deficiencies that we haveidentified and strengthen our internal control over financial reporting. As management continues to evaluate and improve internal control over financialreporting we may decide to take additional measures to address control deficiencies or determine to modify, or in appropriate circumstances not to complete,certain of the remediation measures described above.Changes in Internal Control Over Financial ReportingAs described above under Material Weaknesses Plan for Remediation and Remediation Activities Taken, there were changes in our internal control overfinancial reporting during the quarter ended December 31, 2013 that have materially affected or are reasonably likely to materially affect such controls.ITEM 9B.OTHER INFORMATIONNone.65Table of Contents PART III. ITEM 10. DIRECTORS, EXECUTIVE OFFICERS AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCEThe information required by this Item 10 is incorporated by reference to our Proxy Statement (the “Proxy Statement”) to be filed with the Securities andExchange Commission in connection with our 2013 Annual Meeting of Stockholders under the headings “Election of Class I Directors,” “Executive Officers”Section 16(a) “Beneficial Ownership Reporting Compliance” and “Board of Directors and Committees; Corporate Governance.”Executive OfficersAs of the date of this filing, our current executive officers and their respective ages and positions are set forth in the following table: Name Age PositionRichard W. Pascoe 50 Chief Executive OfficerSteve Martin 53 Senior Vice President, Chief Financial Officer and SecretaryRichard Pascoe is a Director of the Company and has served as our Chief Executive Officer since March 2013. Before joining us, Mr. Pascoe was Presidentand Chief Executive officer of Somaxon Pharmaceuticals, Inc., a specialty pharmaceutical company, from August 2008 through March 2013, when Somaxonwas acquired by Pernix Pharmaceuticals. Prior to Somaxon, he was the Chief Operating Officer at ARIAD Pharmaceuticals, an emerging oncology company,where he led commercial operations, manufacturing, information services, program and alliance management and business development. Mr. Pascoe held aseries of senior management roles at King Pharmaceuticals, Inc., including Senior Vice President of Neuroscience Marketing and Sales and Vice Presidentpositions in both international sales and marketing and hospital sales. He also held positions in the commercial groups at Medco Research, Inc. (which wasacquired by King), COR Therapeutics, Inc. (where he helped lead the successful launch of eptifibatide Integrilin®), B. Braun Interventional and the BOCGroup. Mr. Pascoe served as a commissioned officer in the United States Army following his graduation from the United States Military Academy at WestPoint where he received a B.S degree in Leadership. The Board appointed Mr. Pascoe to the Board in connection with his appointment as our Chief ExecutiveOfficer and based on the depth and diversity of his experience in senior management of public pharmaceutical companies and his personal and professionalintegrity, ethics and values. Mr. Pascoe is also a member of the board of directors of KemPharm, Inc. and the Corporate Directors’ Forum.Steve Martin has served as our Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer since June 2011 and served as our Interim Chief Executive Officer for theperiod from November 2012 through March 2013. Mr. Martin was appointed the Company’s Secretary in September 2013. Mr. Martin is a certified publicaccountant, with over twenty-five years of financial leadership, with significant expertise in growing public companies in a variety of industries, including thelife sciences. From 2008 to 2011, Mr. Martin served as Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer of BakBone Software, a publicly-traded softwarecompany. Mr. Martin also served as Interim CEO for ten months with BakBone, leading up to the sale of the Company in January of 2011. During 2007 and2008, Mr. Martin served as a Consultant and as the Chief Accounting Officer of Leap Wireless International, a $2 billion revenue telecommunicationscompany. From 2005 to 2007, Mr. Martin served as Chief Financial Officer of Stratagene Corporation, a publicly traded company specializing in thedevelopment, manufacture and marketing of specialized research and clinical diagnostic products. Mr. Martin’s previous experience also includes the positionof Controller with publicly traded Gen-Probe Incorporated (acquired by Hologic, Inc.), a life sciences company, as well as ten years with the public accountingfirm of Deloitte & Touche. Mr. Martin holds a Bachelors of Science degree from San Diego State University.Code of EthicsWe have adopted a Code of Ethics, as amended, that applies to our Chief Executive Officer, Chief Financial Officer, and to all of our other officers, directorsand employees. The Code of Ethics is available in the Corporate Governance section of the Investors page on our website at www.apricusbio.com. We willdisclose future amendments to, or waivers from, certain provisions of our code of ethics, if any, on the above website within four business days following thedate of such amendment or waiver.ITEM 11. EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION66Table of Contents Information called for by Item 11 is set forth under the headings “Executive Compensation,” “Directors Compensation,” and “Board of Directors andCommittees; Corporate Governance” in our Proxy Statement, which is incorporated herein by reference.ITEM 12. SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT AND RELATED STOCKHOLDERMATTERSOther than as set forth below, information called for by Item 12 is set forth under the heading “Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners andManagement” in our Proxy Statement, which is incorporated herein by reference.The following table gives information as of December 31, 2013, about shares of our Common Stock that may be issued upon the exercise of options, warrantsand rights under all of our existing equity compensation plans (together, the “Equity Plans”): (a) (b) (c) Number ofsecurities to beissued uponexercise ofoutstandingoptions,warrants andrights Weighted-averageexercise price ofoutstandingoptions, warrantsand rights Number ofsecuritiesremainingavailable forfuture issuanceunder equitycompensationplans (excludingsecuritiesreflected incolumn (a)) Equity compensation plans approved by security holders 2,351,237(1) $3.10 3,244,012(2) Equity compensation plans not approved by security holders — — — Total 2,351,237 $3.10 3,244,012 (1) Consists of options outstanding as of December 31, 2013, under The NexMed Inc. Stock Option and Long Term Incentive Plan (the “Incentive Plan”) andThe NexMed, Inc. 2006 Stock Incentive Plan (the “2006 Plan”).(2) Consists of 3,000,000 and 244,012 shares of Common Stock that remain available for future issuance, as of December 31, 2013, under the 2012 StockLong Term Incentive Plan (the “2012 Plan”) and 2006 Plan, respectively.ITEM 13. CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS, AND DIRECTOR INDEPENDENCEThe information required by this item 13 is incorporated by reference to the information under the caption “Certain Relationships and Related PartyTransactions” and “Board of Directors and Committees; Corporate Governance” to be contained in the Proxy Statement which is incorporated herein byreference.ITEM 14. PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTANT FEES AND SERVICESThe information required by this item 14 is incorporated by reference to the information under the caption “Fees for Independent Registered Public AccountingFirm” contained in the Proxy Statement which is incorporated herein by reference.PART IV.ITEM 15.EXHIBITS AND FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES(a) 1. Financial Statements:The information required by this item is included in Item 8 of Part II of this Form 10-K.67Table of Contents 2. Financial Statement SchedulesThe information required by this item is included in Item 8 of Part II of this Form 10-K.3. ExhibitsThe following exhibits are incorporated by reference or filed as part of this report. EXHIBITSNO. DESCRIPTION 1.1 Controlled Equity Offering Agreement, dated December 30, 2011, by and between Apricus Biosciences, Inc. andAscendiant Capital Markets, LLC (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 1.1 to the Company’s Current Reporton Form 8-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on December 30, 2011). 1.2 Amendment No. 1 to Controlled Equity Offering Agreement, dated April 15, 2013, by and between ApricusBiosciences, Inc. and Ascendiant Capital Markets, LLC (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 1.1 to theCompany’s Form 10-Q filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on March 10, 2013). 2.1+ Stock Purchase Agreement, dated December 15, 2011, by and among Apricus Biosciences Inc., TopoTarget A/S, andTopoTarget USA, Inc. (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 2.1 to the Company’s Form 10-K filed with theSecurities and Exchange Commission on March 13, 2012). 2.2 Stock Contribution Agreement, dated June 19, 2012, by and among Apricus Biosciences, Inc., Finesco SAS,Scomedica SA and the shareholders of Finesco named therein (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 2.1 to theCompany’s Current Report form 8-K, filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on July 13, 2012). 2.3+ Asset Purchase Agreement by and between Apricus Pharmaceuticals USA, Inc. and Biocodex, Inc., dated March 26,2013 (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 2.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with theSecurities and Exchange Commission on April 1, 2013). 3.1 Amended and Restated Articles of Incorporation of Apricus Biosciences, Inc. (incorporated herein by reference toExhibit 2.1 to the Company’s Registration Statement on Form 10-SB filed with the Securities and ExchangeCommission on March 14, 1997). 3.2 Certificate of Amendment to Articles of Incorporation of Apricus Biosciences, Inc., dated June 22, 2000 (incorporatedherein by reference to Exhibit 3.2 to the Company’s Form 10-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission onMarch 31, 2003).68Table of Contents 3.3 Certificate of Amendment to Articles of Incorporation of Apricus Biosciences, Inc., dated June 14, 2005 (incorporatedherein by reference to Exhibit 3.4 to the Company’s Form 10-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission onMarch 16, 2006). 3.4 Certificate of Amendment to Amended and Restated Articles of Incorporation of Apricus Biosciences, Inc., datedMarch 3, 2010 (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 3.6 to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K filedwith the Securities and Exchange Commission on March 31, 2010). 3.5 Certificate of Correction to Certificate of Amendment to Amended and Restated Articles of Incorporation of ApricusBiosciences, Inc., dated March 3, 2010 (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 3.7 to the Company’s AnnualReport on Form 10-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on March 31, 2010).EXHIBITSNO. DESCRIPTION 3.6 Certificate of Designation for Series D Junior-Participating Cumulative Preferred Stock (incorporated herein byreference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-A12GK filed with the Securities and ExchangeCommission on March 24, 2011). 3.7 Certificate of Change filed with the Nevada Secretary of State (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to theCompany’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the Securities Exchange Commission on June 17, 2010). 3.8 Certificate of Amendment to Amended and Restated Articles of Incorporation of Apricus Biosciences, Inc., datedSeptember 10, 2010 (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-Kfiled with the Securities and Exchange Commission on September 10, 2010). 69Table of Contents 3.9 Fourth Amended and Restated Bylaws, dated December 18, 2012 (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 3.9 tothe Company’s Form 10-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on March 18, 2013). 3.10 Certificate of Withdrawal of Series D Junior Participating Cumulative Preferred Stock, dated May 15, 2013(incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the Securitiesand Exchange Commission on May 16, 2013). 4.1 Form of Warrant, dated September 17, 2010 (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 4.6 of Amendment No. 2 tothe Company’s Registration Statement on Form S-1 (File No. 333-169132) filed with the Securities and ExchangeCommission on September 28, 2010). 4.2 Form of Warrant Certificate (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 4.7 of Amendment No. 2 to the Company’sRegistration Statement on Form S-1 (File No. 333-169132) filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission onSeptember 28, 2010). 4.3 Form of Common Stock Certificate (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to the Company’s Current Reporton Form 8-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on March 24, 2011). 4.4 Form of Warrant (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filedwith the Securities and Exchange Commission on February 13, 2012). 4.5 Form of Warrant (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 1.1 to the Company’s Current Report on From 8-K filedwith the Securities and Exchange Commission on May 24, 2013). 70Table of Contents 10.1* Employment Agreement, dated February 26, 2002, by and between NexMed, Inc. and Dr. Y. Joseph Mo (incorporatedherein by reference to Exhibit 10.7 to the Company’s Form 10-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commissionon March 29, 2002).EXHIBITSNO. DESCRIPTION 10.2* Amendment, dated September 26, 2003, to Employment Agreement by and between NexMed, Inc. and Dr. Y. JosephMo dated February 26, 2002 (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.4 to the Company’s Form 10-Q filed withthe Securities and Exchange Commission on November 12, 2003). 10.3* NexMed, Inc. 2006 Stock Incentive Plan (incorporated herein by reference to Annex A of the Company’s DefinitiveProxy Statement filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on April 6, 2006). 10.4* NexMed, Inc. Amendment to 2006 Stock Incentive Plan (incorporated herein by reference to Appendix A of theCompany’s Definitive Proxy Statement filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on April 18, 2008). 10.5 Asset Purchase Agreement, dated February 3, 2009, by and between Warner Chilcott Company, Inc. and NexMed, Inc.(incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the Securitiesand Exchange Commission on February 5, 2009). 10.6 License Agreement, dated February 3, 2009, by and between NexMed, Inc. and Warner Chilcott Company, Inc.(incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the Securitiesand Exchange Commission on February 5, 2009).71Table of Contents 10.7 Purchase Agreement, dated March 15, 2010, by and between NexMed, Inc. and the Purchasers named therein(incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.44 to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with theSecurities and Exchange Commission on March 31, 2010). 10.8* Apricus Biosciences, Inc. 2012 Stock Long Term Incentive Plan (incorporated by reference to Exhibit A of theRegistrant’s Definitive Proxy Statement filed on April 6, 2012). 10.90 Amendment to Purchase Agreement, dated December 7, 2012, by and among Apricus Biosciences, Inc. and the TailWind Fund Ltd., Solomon, Strategic Holdings, Inc. and Tail Wind Advisory & Management Ltd. (incorporated hereinby reference to Exhibit 10.16 to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the Securities and ExchangeCommission on March 18, 2013). 10.10 Amended and Restated 7% Convertible Note Due December 31, 2014 with The Tail Wind Fund Ltd. (incorporatedherein by reference to Exhibit 10.17 to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the Securities andExchange Commission on March 18, 2013). 10.11 Amended and Restated 7% Convertible Note Due December 31, 2014 with Solomon Strategic Holdings, Inc.(incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.18 to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with theSecurities and Exchange Commission on March 18, 2013). 10.12 Amended and Restated 7% Convertible Note Due December 31, 2014, with Tail Wind Advisory & Management Ltd.(incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.19 to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with theSecurities and Exchange Commission on March 18, 2013). 72Table of Contents EXHIBITSNO. DESCRIPTION 10.13 Warrant Agent Agreement, dated September 17, 2010, by and between Apricus Biosciences, Inc. and Wells FargoBank, N.A. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.30 of Amendment No. 2 to the Company’s Registration Statementon Form S-1 (File No. 333-169132) filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on September 28, 2010). 10.14 Separation Agreement, dated December 28, 2012, by and between Apricus Biosciences, Inc. and Dr. Bassam Damaj(incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.30 to the Company’s Form 10-K filed with the Securities and ExchangeCommission on March 18, 2013). 10.15 Consulting Agreement, dated August 5, 2011, by and between Apricus Biosciences, Inc. and Echo Galaxy Limited(incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.31 to the Company’s Form 10-K filed with the Securities and ExchangeCommission on March 13, 2012). 10.16 Registration Rights and Transfer Restriction Agreement, dated July 12, 2012 (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit10.1 to the Company’s Current Report Form 8-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on July 13,2012). 10.17 Employment Agreement by and between Apricus Biosciences, Inc. and Richard W. Pascoe, dated March 18, 2013(incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the Securities andExchange Commission on March 20, 2013). 10.18 Amended and Restated Employment Agreement by and between Apricus Biosciences, Inc. and Steve Martin, datedMarch 18, 2013 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with theSecurities and Exchange Commission on March 20, 2013).73Table of Contents 10.19 Employment Agreement by and between Apricus Biosciences, Inc. and Edward Cox, dated March 18, 2013(incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.4 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the Securities andExchange Commission on March 20, 2013). 10.20 Settlement Agreement and Release, dated as of September 23, 2013, by and between Apricus Biosciences, Inc. andTopotarget A/S (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 of Amendment No. 1 to the Company's Registration Statementon Form S-3 (File No. 333-191679) filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on October 31, 2013). 21 Subsidiaries. 23.1 Consent of PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, independent registered public accounting firm. 23.2 Consent of EisnerAmper LLP, independent registered public accounting firm. 31.1 Chief Executive Officer’s Certificate, pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. 31.2 Chief Financial Officer’s Certificate, pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. 32.1 Chief Executive Officer’s Certificate, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of theSarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. (1)EXHIBITSNO. DESCRIPTION74Table of Contents 32.2 Chief Financial Officer’s Certificate, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of theSarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. (1) 101.INS XBRL Instance Document. (1) 101.SCH XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema. (1) 101.CAL XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase. (1) 101.DEF XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase. (1) 101.LAB XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase. (1) 101.PRE XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase. (1)(1)Furnished, not filed.*Management compensatory plan or arrangement.+Portions of this exhibit have been omitted pursuant to a request for confidential treatment with the Securities and Exchange Commission. Suchportions have been filed separately with the Securities and Exchange Commission.75Table of Contents SIGNATURESPursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by theundersigned thereunto duly authorized. Apricus Biosciences, Inc. Date: March 17, 2014/S/ STEVE MARTIN Steve Martin Senior Vice President, Chief Financial Officer and SecretarySignature Title Date /s/ RICHARD W. PASCOE Chief Executive Officer and Director March 17, 2014Richard W. Pascoe /s/ STEVE MARTIN Senior Vice President, Chief Financial Officer andSecretary March 17, 2014Steve Martin /s/ KLEANTHIS G. XANTHOPOULOS, PH.D. Chairman of the Board of Directors March 17, 2014Kleanthis G. Xanthopoulos, Ph.D. /s/ LEONARD A. OPPENHEIM, ESQ. Director March 17, 2014Leonard A. Oppenheim, Esq. /s/ RUSTY RAY Director March 17, 2014Rusty Ray /s/ DEIRDRE Y. GILLESPIE, M.D. Director March 17, 2014Deirdre Y. Gillespie, M.D. /s/ PAUL V. MAIER Director March 17, 2014Paul V. Maier Director March 17, 2014Wendell Wierenga, Ph.D. 76Table of Contents EXHIBIT INDEX 21 Subsidiaries. 23.1 Consent of PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, independent registered public accounting firm. 23.2 Consent of EisnerAmper LLP, independent registered public accounting firm. 31.1 Chief Executive Officer’s Certificate, pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. 31.2 Chief Financial Officer’s Certificate, pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. 32.1 Chief Executive Officer’s Certificate, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of2002. (1) 32.2 Chief Financial Officer’s Certificate, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of2002. (1) 101.INS XBRL Instance Document. (1) 101.SCH XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema. (1) 101.CAL XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase. (1) 101.LAB XBRL Taxonomy Extension Labels Linkbase. (1) 101.PRE XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase. (1) 101.DEF XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase. (1) (1)Furnished, not filed.77Exhibit 21SUBSIDIARIES OF APRICUS BIOSCIENCES, INC. 1.NexMed (U.S.A.), Inc., incorporated in Delaware on June 18, 1997. 2.Apricus Pharmaceuticals USA, Inc. (formerly Topotarget USA, Inc.), incorporated in Delaware on July 12, 2006 and acquired byApricus Biosciences, Inc. on December 29, 2011. 3.NexMed Holdings, Inc., incorporated in Delaware on February 28, 1997. 4.NexMed International Limited, incorporated in the British Virgin Islands on August 2, 1996. Exhibit 23.1CONSENT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRMWe hereby consent to the incorporation by reference in the Registration Statements on Forms S-3 (Nos. 333-191679, 333-182703, 333-169132, 333-148060, 333-107137,333-122114, 333-117717, 333-125565, 333-140110, 333-152591, 333-132611, 333-111894, 333-105509, 333-165958, 333-165960, 333-178592, 333-178832, 333-96813, 333-46967 and 333-91957) and Forms S-8 (Nos. 333-191680, 333-182704, 333-152284, 333-138598, 333-174392, 333-167365 and 333-93435) of ApricusBiosciences, Inc. of our report dated March 17, 2014, relating to the financial statements and the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting, which appears in thisForm 10-K. /s/ PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP San Diego, CAMarch 17, 2014Exhibit 23.2CONSENT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRMWe consent to the incorporation by reference in the Registration Statements of Apricus Biosciences, Inc. on Forms S-3 (Nos. 333-191679, 333-182703, 333-169132, 333-148060, 333-107137, 333-122114, 333-117717, 333-125565, 333-140110, 333-152591, 333-132611, 333-111894, 333-105509, 333-165958, 333-165960, 333-178592,333-178832, 333-96813, 333-46967 and 333-91957) and Forms S-8 (Nos. 333-191680, 333-182704, 333-152284, 333-138598, 333-174392, 333-167365 and 333-93435)of our report dated March 17, 2014, on our audits of the consolidated statements of operations and other comprehensive loss, changes in stockholders' equity and cash flows forthe year ended December 31, 2011, and the effectiveness of Apricus Biosciences, Inc. and Subsidiaries’ internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2011, whichreport is included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. We also have audited the adjustments described in Note 4 that were applied to restate the 2011 consolidated financialstatements for the presentation of discontinued operations. In our opinion, such adjustments are appropriate and have been properly applied. /s/ EisnerAmper LLP Iselin, New JerseyMarch 17, 2014Exhibit 31.1CERTIFICATION OF PRINCIPAL EXECUTIVE OFFICERI, Richard W. Pascoe, certify that:1.I have reviewed this Annual report on Form 10-K of Apricus Biosciences, Inc.;2.Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make thestatements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by thisreport;3.Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects thefinancial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;4.The registrant’s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined inExchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)), and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:(a)Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under oursupervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us byothers within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared; and(b)Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under oursupervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements forexternal purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles; and(c)Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about theeffectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and(d)Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s mostrecent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likelyto materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and5.The registrant’s other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to theregistrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):(a)All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which arereasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and(b)Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internalcontrol over financial reporting.Date: March 17, 2014 /S/ RICHARD W. PASCOERichard W. PascoeChief Executive OfficerExhibit 31.2CERTIFICATION OF PRINCIPAL FINANCIAL OFFICERI, Steve Martin, certify that:1.I have reviewed this Annual report on Form 10-K of Apricus Biosciences, Inc.;2.Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make thestatements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by thisreport;3.Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects thefinancial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;4.The registrant’s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined inExchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)), and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:(a)Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under oursupervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us byothers within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared; and(b)Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under oursupervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements forexternal purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles; and(c)Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about theeffectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and(d)Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s mostrecent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likelyto materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and5.The registrant’s other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to theregistrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):(a)All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which arereasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and(b)Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internalcontrol over financial reporting.Date: March 17, 2014 /S/ STEVE MARTINSteve MartinChief Financial OfficerExhibit 32.1CERTIFICATION OF CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICERPURSUANT TO18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350,AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TOSECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002I, Richard W. Pascoe, certify, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that the AnnualReport of Apricus Biosciences, Inc. on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2013 fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of theSecurities Exchange Act of 1934 and that information contained in such Annual Report on Form 10-K fairly presents in all material respects the financialcondition and results of operations of Apricus Biosciences, Inc. Date: March 17, 2014By:/S/ RICHARD W. PASCOE Name:Richard W. Pascoe Title:Chief Executive OfficerExhibit 32.2CERTIFICATION OF CHIEF FINANCIAL OFFICERPURSUANT TO18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350,AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TOSECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002I, Steve Martin, certify, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that the Annual Reportof Apricus Biosciences, Inc. on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2013 fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of theSecurities Exchange Act of 1934 and that information contained in such Annual Report on Form 10-K fairly presents in all material respects the financialcondition and results of operations of Apricus Biosciences, Inc. Date: March 17, 2014By:/S/ STEVE MARTIN Name:Steve Martin Title:Senior Vice President, Chief Financial Officer andSecretary

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