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Arcutis BiotherapeuticsATARA BIOTHERAPEUTICS, INC. FORM 10-K (Annual Report) Filed 03/09/17 for the Period Ending 12/31/16 Address Telephone CIK Symbol SIC Code Industry 611 GATEWAY BLVD SUITE 900 SOUTH SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94080 650-278-8930 0001604464 ATRA 2836 - Biological Products, Except Diagnostic Substances Biotechnology & Medical Research Sector Healthcare Fiscal Year 12/31 http://www.edgar-online.com © Copyright 2017, EDGAR Online, Inc. All Rights Reserved. Distribution and use of this document restricted under EDGAR Online, Inc. Terms of Use. UNITED STATESSECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSIONWashington, D.C. 20549 FORM 10-K (Mark One)☒ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2016OR☐TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934For the transition period from toCommission File Number 001-36548 ATARA BIOTHERAPEUTICS, INC.(Exact name of Registrant as specified in its Charter) Delaware 46-0920988( State or other jurisdiction ofincorporation or organization) (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)611 Gateway Blvd., Suite 900South San Francisco, CA 94080(Address of principal executive offices) (Zip Code)Registrant’s telephone number, including area code: (650) 278-8930 Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act: Common Stock, par value $0.0001 per share, traded on The Nasdaq Stock MarketSecurities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: NoneIndicate by check mark if the Registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. YES ☐ NO ☒Indicate by check mark if the Registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Act. YES ☐ NO ☒Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant: (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding12 months (or for such shorter period that the Registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. YES ☒ NO ☐Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted andposted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the Registrant was required to submitand post such files). YES ☒ NO ☐Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K (§229.405) is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best ofRegistrant’s knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to this Form 10-K. ☐Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company. See the definition of “largeaccelerated filer”, “accelerated filer”, and “smaller reporting company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one):Large accelerated filer ☐ Accelerated filer ☒ Non-accelerated filer ☐ (Do not check if a small reporting company) Small reporting company ☐Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). YES ☐ NO ☒ The aggregate market value of common stock held by non-affiliates of the Registrant, based on the closing sales price for such stock on June 30, 2016 as reported by The NasdaqStock Market, was $457,200,160. This calculation excludes 8,485,039 shares held by executive officers, directors and stockholders that the Registrant has concluded are affiliatesof the Registrant. Exclusion of such shares should not be construed to indicate that any such person possesses the power, direct or indirect, to direct or cause the direction of themanagement or policies of the registrant or that such person is controlled by or under common control with the Registrant.The number of outstanding shares of the Registrant’s Common Stock as of February 15, 2017 was 29,089,911.DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCEPortions of the Registrant’s definitive proxy statement relating to its 2017 Annual Meeting of Stockholders are incorporated by reference into Part III of this Report whereindicated. Such proxy statement will be filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission within 120 days after the end of the fiscal year to which this report relates. ATARA BIOTHER APEUTICS, INC.TABLE OF CONTENTS PagePART I Item 1.Business4Item 1A.Risk Factors24Item 1B.Unresolved Staff Comments53Item 2.Properties53Item 3.Legal Proceedings53Item 4.Mine Safety Disclosures53 PART II Item 5.Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities54Item 6.Selected Financial Data56Item 7.Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations57Item 7A.Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk68Item 8.Financial Statements and Supplementary Data69Item 9.Changes in and Disagreements With Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure88Item 9A.Controls and Procedures88Item 9B.Other Information89 PART III Item 10.Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance90Item 11.Executive Compensation90Item 12.Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters90Item 13.Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence90Item 14.Principal Accounting Fees and Services90 PART IV Item 15.Exhibits, Financial Statement Schedules91 2 FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTSThis Annual Report on Form 10-K contains “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the“Securities Act”), and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”). Such forward-looking statements, which representour intent, belief or current expectations, involve risks and uncertainties and other factors that could cause actual results and the timing of certain events to differmaterially from future results expressed or implied by such forward-looking statements. In some cases you can identify these statements by forward-looking wordssuch as “believe,” “may,” “will,” “estimate,” “continue,” “anticipate,” “intend,” “could,” “would,” “project,” “plan,” “expect” or the negative or plural of thesewords or similar expressions. Forward-looking statements in this Annual Report on Form 10-K include, but are not limited to, statements about: •our expectations regarding the timing of initiating clinical trials, enrolling clinical trials and reporting results of clinical trials for our T-cellprograms; •the likelihood and timing of regulatory submissions or related approvals for our product candidates; •the potential market opportunities for commercializing our product candidates; •our expectations regarding the potential market size and the size of the patient populations for our product candidates, if approved for commercialuse; •estimates of our expenses, capital requirements and need for additional financing; •our expectation that our existing capital resources will be sufficient to enable us to fund our planned operations into the first quarter of 2019; •our ability to develop, acquire and advance product candidates into, and successfully complete, clinical trials; •the initiation, timing, progress and results of future preclinical studies and clinical trials and our research and development programs; •the scope of protection we are able to obtain and maintain for our intellectual property rights covering our product candidates; •our financial performance; •developments and projections relating to our competitors and our industry; •our ability to manufacture our product candidates for our clinical trials, including our Phase 3 trials; •our ability to sell or manufacture approved products at commercially reasonable values; and •timing and costs related to building our manufacturing plant.These statements are only current predictions and are subject to known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors that may cause our or ourindustry’s actual results, levels of activity, performance or achievements to be materially different from those anticipated by the forward-looking statements. Wediscuss many of these risks in this report in greater detail under the heading “1A. Risk Factors” and elsewhere in this report. You should not rely upon forward-looking statements as predictions of future events. New risk factors and uncertainties may emerge from time to time, and it is not possible for management topredict all risks and uncertainties.In this Annual Report on Form 10-K, unless the context requires otherwise, “Atara,” “Atara Biotherapeutics,” “Company,” “we,” “our,” and “us” meansAtara Biotherapeutics, Inc. and, where appropriate, its subsidiaries. 3 PART I Item 1. BusinessOverviewWe are a clinical-stage biopharmaceutical company focused on developing meaningful therapies for patients with severe and life-threatening diseases thathave been underserved by scientific innovation. We are focused on developing allogeneic or third-party derived antigen-specific T-cells. T-cells are a type of whiteblood cell. Cytotoxic T-cells, otherwise known as cytotoxic T lymphocytes, or CTLs, can mount an immune response against an antigen or antigens in order tocombat viral infection or disease. Our cellular therapy platform is designed to provide a healthy immune capability to a patient whose immune system is compromised or is unable to identifythe disease targets. Our product candidates are derived from cells donated by healthy individuals. These cells are trained to recognize an antigen, expanded,characterized, banked and held as inventory. These cells are ready to infuse in a partially human leukocyte antigen, or HLA, matched patient in approximately 3-5days. Once administered, the cells home to their target, expand in-vivo to eliminate diseased cells, and eventually recede. This versatile platform can be directedtowards a broad array of disease causing targets and has demonstrated clinical proof of concept across both viral and non-viral targets in conditions ranging fromliquid and solid tumors to infectious and autoimmune diseases. We licensed rights to T-cell product candidates from Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, orMSK, in June 2015 and to know how and technology from QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, or QIMR Berghofer, in October 2015 and September2016. Our relationship with QIMR Berghofer provides rights to know how and a technology that is complementary to that which was licensed from MSK. Thisknow-how and technology is enabling the development of EBV and other virally targeted CTLs for other indications such as multiple sclerosis, or MS. We areworking with QIMR Berghofer on the development of product candidates for these new indications. ATA129Our most advanced T-cell product candidate, ATA129 (previously referred to as EBV-CTL), which is a third-party derived Epstein-Barr virus CTL, iscurrently being investigated for the treatment of Epstein-Barr virus, or EBV, associated post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder, or EBV-PTLD. Inimmunocompromised patients, EBV causes lymphomas and other lymphoproliferative disorders, collectively called EBV-PTLD. EBV-PTLD most commonlyaffects patients after hematopoietic cell transplant, or HCT, or after solid organ transplant, or SOT. In December 2016, we announced that we had reachedagreement with the U.S. Food and Drug Administration, or FDA, on the designs of two Phase 3 trials for ATA129 intended to support approval in two separateindications, the treatment of rituximab-refractory EBV-PTLD after HCT and after SOT.The MATCH trial (EBV-PTLD after HCT) is designed to be a multicenter, open label, single arm trial designed to enroll approximately 35 patents withrituximab refractory EBV-PTLD after HCT. The ALLELE trial (EBV-PTLD after SOT) is designed to be a multicenter, open label trial with two non-comparativecohorts. Each cohort is designed to enroll approximately 35 patients. The first cohort will include patients who previously received rituximab monotherapy, andthe second cohort will include patients who previously received rituximab plus chemotherapy. Both cohorts are planned to enroll concurrently.The primary endpoint of both the MATCH and ALLELE trials is objective response rate, defined as the percent of patients achieving either a complete orpartial response to treatment with ATA129. Secondary endpoints for both trials include duration of response, overall survival, safety, quality of life metrics, andother data in support of potential health economic benefits. The trials are expected to open initially in the United States and later expand to include ex-U.S. sites.In addition, in June 2016, we opened a multicenter expanded access protocol, or EAP, trial to provide access to ATA129 treatment and collect additionalsafety data while the medication is not commercially available or available to patients through another protocol. The trial is open to patients with EBV-associatedviremia or certain malignancies for whom there are no appropriate alternative treatment options.We generated and evaluated data from new material manufactured by our contract manufacturing organization, or CMO, and initiated discussions with theFDA. We have been successful in producing ATA129 drug product and identified certain assays that need refinement prior to initiating the Phase 3 trials. We arerefining these assays within our laboratories, manufacturing lots to further support comparability evaluations and the Phase 3 trials, and expect to review these datain ongoing discussions with the FDA.In clinical trials that enrolled patients with EBV-PTLD following HCT or SOT, efficacy following treatment with ATA129 compared favorably withhistorical data in these patient populations. In rituximab-refractory patients with EBV-PTLD after HCT, treatment with ATA129 resulted in one-year overallsurvival of approximately 60% in two separate clinical trials in comparison with historical data where median survival, or the time by which 50% of patients haddied, was 16-56 days. In the setting of rituximab-refractory EBV-PTLD after SOT, similar results were observed, with one-year overall survival of approximately60% in ATA129-treated patients in comparison with an expected historical one-year survival of 36% in patients with high risk disease similar to the4 patients treated in the trials. In February 2015, the FDA granted breakthrough therapy designation for ATA129 in the treatment of rituximab-refractory EBV-PTLDafter HCT. Breakthrough therapy designation is an FDA process designed to accelerate the development and review of drugs intended to treat a serious conditionwhen early trials show that the drug may be substantially better than current treatment. In February 2016, the FDA granted orphan drug designation for ATA129 forthe treatment of patients with EBV-PTLD after HCT or SOT. We are also pursing marketing approval of ATA129 in the European Union, or EU. In March 2016, the European Medicines Agency, or EMA, issued apositive opinion for orphan drug designation for ATA129 for the treatment of patients with EBV-PTLD. In October 2016, the EMA Committee for MedicinalProducts for Human Use, or CHMP, and Committee for Advanced Therapies, or CAT, granted access to the EMA’s newly established Priority Medicines, orPRIME, regulatory initiative for ATA129 for the treatment of patients with rituximab refractory EBV-PTLD following HCT. PRIME provides early enhancedregulatory support to facilitate regulatory applications and accelerate the review of medicines that address a high unmet need. In January 2017, we announced thatpursuant to parallel scientific advice from the EMA’s Scientific Advice Working Group and several national Health Technology Assessment, or HTA, agencies inthe EU, in 2018 we plan to submit an application for Conditional Marketing Authorization, or CMA, of ATA129 in the treatment of patients with rituximabrefractory EBV-PTLD following HCT. The CMA will be based on clinical data from Phase 1 and 2 trials conducted at MSK and supported by available data fromour Phase 3 trials in rituximab refractory EBV-PTLD after HCT and SOT, which will be ongoing at the time of filing.ATA188Our second T-cell product candidate, ATA188, is in development for the treatment of multiple sclerosis, or MS. ATA188 is a third-party derived EBV-CTLthat is targeted to specific antigens that we believe are important for the treatment of MS. We expect to initiate a Phase 1 trial in patients with MS in the second halfof 2017. In addition, our partner, QIMR Berghofer, is currently conducting a Phase 1 study utilizing the autologous version of ATA188 for the treatment ofpatients with either secondary or progressive MS. The trial is currently enrolling. We have an exclusive option to license this program from QIMR Berghofer.ATA520Our third T-cell product candidate, ATA520, which is a third-party donor derived WT1-CTL, targets cancers expressing the antigen Wilms Tumor 1, orWT1, and is currently in Phase 1 clinical trials. WT1 is an intracellular protein that is overexpressed in a number of cancers, including multiple myeloma, orMM. MSK has two ongoing Phase 1 clinical trials evaluating ATA520. The first trial is a dose escalation trial of ATA520 for residual or relapsed leukemia afterHCT. The second trial is a dose escalation trial of ATA520 following T-cell depleted HCT for patients with relapsed or refractory MM, including plasma cellleukemia, or PCL. Based on data from these trials, we intend to develop ATA520 in hematologic malignancies, including PCL. We expect to initiate a Phase 1/2clinical trial in patients with hematologic malignancies in 2018.ATA230Our fourth T-cell product candidate, ATA230, which is a third-party derived cytomegalovirus-CTL, or CMV-CTL, is in Phase 2 clinical trials for refractoryCMV, an infection that occurs in some patients who have received an HCT or SOT or are otherwise immunocompromised. We met with the FDA for an end ofPhase 2 meeting to discuss late stage development of ATA230 for the treatment of anti-viral refractory or resistant CMV infection following either HCT or SOT. Given the opportunity to pursue a conditional marketing authorization in the EU for ATA129, we have decided to prioritize at this time our EBV related programsahead of ATA230. Therefore, we intend to further evaluate ATA230 Phase 3 trial designs following the initiation of our ATA129 Phase 3 trials.5 Our pipeline of product candidates is highlighted in the figure below .T-cell Technology PlatformOur T-cell product candidates share a common technology under which cells are collected from the blood of third-party donors and then exposed to selectedviral or cancer antigens in order to activate them against that particular virus. The resulting activated T-cells are expanded in number, characterized and stored forfuture therapeutic use in an appropriate partially HLA matched patient, providing a readily available, cellular therapeutic option for patients. Because these T-cellsare readily available, patients often only need to wait 3-5 days until they receive treatment. In addition to expanding the activated T-cells, during the course of themanufacturing process, the number of potentially alloreactive cells, which can cause graft versus host disease, or GvHD, diminish. We believe this may reduce therisk of GvHD, a potentially serious complication.6 The process through which ATA129 is generated is shown in the diagram below. First, B-cells derived from the blood of a third-party donor are exposed toa specific strain of the EBV virus to create EBV transformed B lymphoblastoid cell lines, or EBV BLCLs. The BLCLs are irradiated to prevent the BLCLs fromgrowing and then co-cultured with T-cells derived from the blood of the same third-party donor. In this co-culture process, the BLCLs present EBV antigen to theT-cells to activate the T-cells against the EBV virus. These activated EBV-specific T-cells are then sensitized and expanded, while the potentially alloreactive cellscontained in the same culture a re not expanded and subsequently die. When complete, the cultures are assessed for a number of attributes, including cytotoxicity,HLA restriction, alloreactivity and microbial sterility. Once fully characterized in this way, the cell lines are cryopreserv ed and stored for future therapeutic use asa readily available therapy. The donor’s blood contains a mix of T-cells, some that have the potential to target EBV-infected cancer cells, and others called alloreactive or allospecificT-cells, which have the potential to target cells recognized as foreign. Administration of bulk third-party lymphocytes that contain a relatively high proportion ofallospecific T-cells has the potential to cause severe and life-threatening toxicities such as GvHD when these allospecific T-cells recognize the recipient’s nativecells as foreign. Our manufacturing process enriches the product for the desired EBV specific T-cells while depleting the undesirable allospecific T-cells as they arenot stimulated to expand and eventually die.In addition to being evaluated for expansion before release for use in clinical trials, cells are also evaluated for HLA restriction. HLA restriction refers to thefact that any given T-cell line will only recognize such T-cell line’s target—in this case an EBV protein—when it is bound to a particular HLA. For example, anEBV-CTL restricted by a particular HLA known as HLA A*02:01 will only kill EBV-infected cells that show that same EBV protein when bound to HLAA*02:01. This process identifies EBV-CTLs that are specific to the desired target, limiting undesirable off-target killing of other cells.An appropriate cell line for use in a particular patient is typically defined as being matched with at least two of ten HLA alleles and restricted through ashared HLA allele. In an analysis conducted by MSK and reported at the 2015 American Association for Cancer Research, or AACR, annual meeting, anappropriate cell line was determined to be available for all but one of 200 consecutive unrelated transplant recipients and 100 cord blood transplant recipients. Thisanalysis was based on evaluating these potential patients against a bank of approximately 330 HLA characterized EBV-CTL lines that MSK had generated to date.MSK’s clinical experience has yielded an empirically derived, proprietary approach to selecting the appropriate cell line for use in individual patients. We believethis algorithm will ultimately allow us to deliver the therapy efficiently by focusing on a more limited set of cell lines without compromising our ability to treat awide range of patients with diverse HLA types.A similar process is used to generate and characterize WT1 specific and CMV specific T-cells, and we also plan to utilize this process to generate diversebanks of targeted cytotoxic T-cell lines against other antigens of interest.EBV-Targeted T-Cells for EBV-PTLD and Other EBV Associated DiseasesEBV is a member of the Herpes virus family and is one of the most common viruses in humans. It is present in all populations, infecting more than 95% ofall individuals within the first four decades of life. In healthy individuals, EBV causes infectious7 mononucleosis, a generally benign self-limiting condition. Following the acute phase of EBV infection, the virus remains present in a small number of B-cellsthroughout the body; however, it is kept in check by the intact immune system. Though benign in the vast majority of people, EBV has been demonstrated to beinvolved in the development of many malignancies. In immunoco mpromised patients, EBV causes lymphomas and other lymphoproliferative disorders,collectively called EBV-PTLD. EBV-PTLD most commonly affects patients after HCT or after SOT. Even in patients with intact immune systems, EBV isassociated with various hema tologic malignancies and solid tumors inclu ding Hodgkin lymphoma, Burkitt lymphoma, other B-cell malignancies, nasopharyngealcarcinoma and gastric cancer. EBV is also associated with certain autoimmune diseases, including multiple sclerosis.The approximate estimated number of patients per year in the United States and European Union with EBV associated diseases is highlighted in the figurebelow. Indication Estimated Number of Patients EBV-PTLD after HCT 1,400 EBV-PTLD after SOT 1,700 EBV positive Diffuse Large B cell lymphoma 5,800 EBV positive chemotherapy refractory Hodgkin lymphoma 2,100 EBV positive nasopharyngeal carcinoma 6,000 EBV positive gastric cancer 16,500 Primary and secondary progressive multiple sclerosis >400,000 EBV-PTLD is a rare but serious complication in recipients of HCT or SOT. EBV-PTLD is often severe and sudden in onset and results in death in themajority of HCT patients who develop the disease. A study conducted by the Karolinska Institute that was reported in the journal Haematologica noted a three-yearsurvival rate of just 20%. According to the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, there were 8,338 allogeneic transplants in the United States in 2013,and according to the European Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation, there were 14,950 allogeneic transplants in the European Union. The incidence ofEBV-PTLD varies between transplant centers, and in some cases can be as high as 6%. While autologous transplants, or those obtained from the same individual,still comprise the majority of all transplants in the United States and European Union, the relative proportion of allogeneic transplants, or those obtained from athird-party donor, has increased over time, and we believe this trend will continue due to the increasing utilization of haploidentical transplants and reducedintensity transplants.The monoclonal antibody, rituximab, is typically used off-label to treat EBV-PTLD, producing initial responses in approximately 60% of treated allogeneic,or third-party derived, HCT patients, resulting in three year overall survival in approximately 20% of treated patients. However, for those who relapse afterrituximab therapy or fail to respond to rituximab, or for those with CD20 negative lymphoma (which is known to be unlikely to respond to rituximab), EBV-PTLDis frequently lethal. For example, it was reported in 2014 in the journal Bone Marrow Transplantation that the median survival period from diagnosis of rituximab-refractory EBV-PTLD in adult HCT patients was 33 days, and in 2014 it was reported in the journal Haematologica that median survival was 16 days. In 2008, itwas reported in the journal Bone Marrow Transplantation that the median survival period from the time of diagnosis in a group of EBV-PTLD patients whoreceived rituximab was 56 days. Taken together, these studies suggest a range of median overall survival, or OS, in the setting of rituximab failure of 16-56 days. MSK has conducted two separate clinical trials of ATA129 that enrolled a heterogeneous group of patients with a variety of EBV-associated malignancies,including, but not limited to, EBV-PTLD after HCT and EBV-PTLD after SOT. These trials are referred to as Study 95-024, initiated in 1995, and Study 11-130,initiated in 2011. Since licensing our T-cell product candidates, the IND under which Studies 95-024 and 11-130 were conducted has been transferred from MSK tous. Results from these two trials supported the granting of breakthrough therapy designation by the FDA for ATA129 in February 2015 for the treatment ofrituximab-refractory EBV-PTLD after HCT. Data from these trials was presented at a clinical trials plenary session at the April 2015 AACR Annual Meeting andwas subsequently updated at an oral presentation at the June 2015 American Society of Clinical Oncology, or ASCO, Annual Meeting.In Study 95-024, patients with EBV-PTLD following HCT were treated with ATA129 manufactured from T-cells derived from either the primary HCTdonor or an unrelated third-party donor. The term primary HCT donor refers to the donor who provided hematopoietic stem cells for the HCT. As one measure ofefficacy, response rate was evaluated in these patients. The response rate refers to the proportion of patients treated with ATA129 who had either a complete orpartial response as best response to treatment when measured by radiographic imaging of the tumor. In a complete response, no visible evidence of tumor followingtreatment was observed. In a partial response, the tumor was reduced in size by more than 50% but less than 100%.In both the primary HCT donor and third-party donor cohorts, similar response rates of approximately 60% were achieved. Such response rates suggest thatthe efficacy of treatment with primary donor derived and third-party donor derived ATA129 are8 comparab le. The similarity in efficacy observed following treatment with third party and p rimary donor derived EBV- CTL is important, as there are significantlimitations associated with a therapy derived from the primary transplant donor. First, it can take approx imately eight weeks to generate an ATA129 line fromblood remaining from the primary HCT donor. In this amount of time and based on historical data, approximately half of those patients who had either failed torespond or who had relapsed after rituximab w ould likely have succumbed to their EBV-PTLD and died before the cell line was available for therapeutic use.Second, due to the limited quantities of certain HCT donor materials such as umbilical cord blood, it is not possible to make a primary donor deri ved EBV-CTLline for all patients. Additionally, if the EBV-PTLD is of host rather than donor origin, T-cells derived from the primary HCT donor may not be able to recognizethis host tumor, and therefore would not be expected to be effective in combatting the disease. Thus, we believe that the availability of readily available third-partyderived ATA129 provides significant practical and therapeutic advantages in the treatment of rituximab-refractory EBV-PTLD. A median of two cycles of third-party derived ATA129 were administered in these trials. In each cycle, ATA129 is administered weekly for 3 weeks followed by 2 weeks of rest . In addition, anumber of patients with disease located in the central nervous system, or CNS, responded to treatment with ATA129 , suggesting that these cells are capable ofpassing through the blood-brain barrier.The time course of a complete response following multiple cycles of ATA129 in a patient with rituximab-refractory EBV-PTLD is shown below usingsequential positron emission tomography, or PET, scans. Also shown are the timing of rituximab and ATA129 (EBV-CTL) therapy depicted by the correspondingset of arrows, the levels of EBV DNA in the blood as measured by EBV polymerase chain reaction, or EBV PCR, a sensitive and specific technique to detect viralDNA depicted in the corresponding line, as well as the levels of CTL precursors per milliliter of blood, or CTLp/ml, depicted in the corresponding line. CTLp/mlidentifies and enumerates activated T-cells. This patient developed EBV viremia, or high levels of virus in the blood, early post-HCT as noted in the line labeled EBV PCR. Her viremia responded torituximab, but recurred and it again responded to a second cycle of rituximab. In the interim, she developed a rapidly progressive diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, orDLBCL, that was EBV positive. By week 0, defined as the start of ATA129 therapy, the lymphoma is visible in the lymph nodes as well as in the liver and spleen.She received a first cycle of ATA129 after which she had a partial response. The patient received three subsequent cycles of ATA129 after which she achieved acomplete response. In conjunction with each cycle of ATA129, expansion of EBV-specific CTLs was detected, as shown in the line labeled CTLp/ml. While theseexpansions were not durable, they mediated her complete response. The PET scans, in which dark areas correspond to areas of high metabolic activity, show bothnormal metabolism of organs such as the heart and abnormal metabolism in areas of lymphoma. After treatment with T-cells, the abnormal areas of metabolismrecede, indicating eradication of tumor cells. In the final image, no abnormal metabolic activity is observed, reflecting a complete response to ATA129 therapy.9 The ability to switch fr om one cell line to another led to the discovery of a hierarchy of HLA restriction. This is highlighted by the example below, in whicha patient received three ATA129 lines (A, B and C) with different HLA restrictions, but only went into complete response upon administration of a fourth uniqueATA129 line (D) with a different HLA restriction. We believe that future patients can be treated using a cell line selection algorithm based in part on the hierarchyelucidated in this manner that enables a more effic ient choice of ATA129. Treatment with EBV specific T-cells is recognized as a recommended treatment for persistent or progressive EBV-PTLD as set forth in the 2017 NationalComprehensive Cancer Network Guidelines.EBV-PTLD after HCTTo date, in the Phase 2 trial 11-130, 23 patients with rituximab-refractory EBV-PTLD after HCT have been treated with ATA129. Treatment with ATA129resulted in one-year overall survival of approximately 65%. Greater than 60% of the patients treated responded to ATA129 which was defined as achieving either acomplete response or partial response. Responses were durable. Among responders, no patients had a recurrence of EBV-PTLD after HCT. Since these trials areongoing, we expect that these Kaplan-Meyer, or K-M, estimates of survival will evolve with ongoing follow-up of the patients and that a median OS may bereached in Study 11-130.In 129 patients, in both 11-130 and 95-024, there were 9 possibly related serious adverse events, or SAEs. There were no infusion related toxicities, nocytokine release syndrome and one treatment related grade 1 graft versus host disease, or GvHD, which resolved without systemic therapy.In December 2016, we announced that we had reached agreement with the FDA on the design of the Phase 3 trial for ATA129 intended to support approvalfor the treatment of rituximab-refractory EBV-PTLD, after HCT. The MATCH trial (EBV-PTLD after HCT) is designed to be a multicenter, open label, single armtrial designed to enroll approximately 35 patents with rituximab refractory EBV-PTLD after HCT. The primary endpoint of the MATCH trial is objective responserate, defined as the percent of patients achieving either a complete or partial response to treatment with ATA 129. Secondary endpoints include duration ofresponse, overall survival, safety, quality of life metrics, and other data in support of potential health economic benefits.EBV-PTLD after SOTEBV-PTLD after SOT is a spectrum of lymphoid malignant disease associated with the use of immunosuppressive drugs after SOT. Patients with EBV-PTLD, one of the most common neoplastic diseases after SOT, commonly present with stage 3 or 4 disease. Reduction in immunosuppression, antiviral therapy, orsurgical resection are common treatments, but many patients with PTLD require systemic therapy, especially those with aggressive lymphoma morphology such asDLBCL. Chemotherapy remains undesirable in PTLD because of myelotoxic side effects of cytotoxic therapy and associated infections and toxic deaths. Inaddition, recipients of chemotherapy face the prospect of secondary malignancies in the future. Rituximab with or without chemotherapy is often used off-labelafter reduction in immunosuppressive therapy with a response rate of approximately 44% to 68%. In the setting of rituximab-refractory EBV-PTLD after SOT,historical one-year survival of 36% is observed in patients with high risk disease. The rates of EBV-PTLD after SOT vary by organ transplant type, age attransplant and degree of immunosuppression with higher rates10 occurring in children than in adults. One of the unique features of EBV-PTLD after SOT in comparis on with the post-HCT setting is that the immunosuppressionthat ultimately gives rise to the lymphoma is in many cases required chronically and, as a result, the period of time during which an EBV-associated lymphomamay arise extends for the duration of i mmunosuppression. Although some cases of EBV-PTLD in SOT occur within the first year, man y occur years aftertransplant.In trials 95-024 and 11-130, patients with EBV-PTLD after SOT were treated with ATA129. All patients had failed to respond to or relapsed followingrituximab treatment. Most had also progressed after receiving chemotherapy. Additionally, nearly all patients had high risk disease defined as those with agegreater than or equal to 60 years, poor performance status, elevated LDH, or presence of disease in the central nervous system, or CNS. Response rate and OSresults for these patients were also evaluated by MSK. The response rate observed in the 95-024 and 11-130 trials for rituximab-refractory post SOT setting was greater than 50% and the one-year OS wasapproximately 60%. Responses were durable. Among responders, no patients have had a recurrence of EBV-PTLD after SOT. Since these trials are ongoing, weexpect that these K-M estimates of survival may evolve with ongoing follow-up of the patients.In 129 patients, in both 95-024 and 11-130, there were 9 possibly related SAEs. There were no infusion related toxicities, no cytokine release syndrome andone treatment related grade 1 GvHD.In December 2016, we announced that we had reached agreement with the FDA on the design of the Phase 3 trial for ATA129 intended to support approvalfor the treatment of rituximab-refractory EBV-PTLD after SOT. The ALLELE trial (EBV-PTLD after SOT) is designed to be a multicenter, open label trial withtwo non-comparative cohorts. Each cohort is designed to enroll approximately 35 patients. The first cohort will include patients who previously receivedrituximab monotherapy, and the second cohort will include patients who previously received rituximab plus chemotherapy. Both cohorts will enroll concurrently.The primary endpoint of the ALLELE trial is objective response rate, defined as the percent of patients achieving either a complete or partial response totreatment with ATA 129. Secondary endpoints for the trial include duration of response, overall survival, safety, quality of life metrics, and other data in support ofpotential health economic benefits. Multiple SclerosisA number of observations implicate EBV in the pathogenesis of MS. For example, MS patients are universally EBV seropositive, there are high levels ofanti-EBV antibodies, their T-cells have altered immune function, there is an increase in spontaneous EBV-induced peripheral blood B-cell transformation, there isincreased shedding of EBV from saliva of children, and accumulation of EBV-infected B-cells and plasma cells in the brain. The opportunity for EBV-targetedcellular therapy in MS is further supported by a case report from 2014 published in the Multiple Sclerosis Journal of a secondary progressive MS patient treatedwith the autologous version of our ATA188 product candidate with encouraging results. In this patient and as demonstrated in the images below, MS lesions in thebrain visible through gadolinium-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging before treatment with autologous ATA188 had resolved completely upon further imagingnine weeks after the completion of the last dose of autologous ATA188 therapy. There were no significant adverse effects.Based on this result, in early 2016, QIMR Berghofer initiated a Phase 1 clinical trial in ten patients, five with primary progressive MS and five withsecondary progressive MS. The trial is currently enrolling. We have an exclusive option to license this autologous program from QIMR Berghofer. We are alsodeveloping ATA188, a third party derived EBV-CTL, which is targeted to11 certain epitopes of EBV that we believe to be important in the treatment of MS. We expect to initiate a Phase 1 trial for ATA188 in patients with MS in the s econdhalf of 2017.Other EBV-Associated MalignanciesEBV-associated malignancies can occur even in immunocompetent patients, and include: Burkitt lymphoma, Hodgkin lymphoma, non-Hodgkin lymphomasuch as DLBCL, nasopharyngeal carcinoma, or NPC, and gastric cancer. Typically, these malignancies occur many years after primary EBV infection. For Burkittlymphoma, approximately 15% to 30% of cases in the United States and European Union are associated with EBV. For Hodgkin lymphoma, approximately 20% to50% of cases in the United States and European Union are associated with EBV; however, many of these are responsive to chemotherapy. Nearly 100% of naturalkiller, or NK, T-cell lymphomas are associated with EBV. In NPC, the association with EBV is such that regardless of geography nearly 100% of thenonkeratinising tumors and all the tumor cells have been demonstrated to be monoclonally EBV-positive. EBV-positive gastric cancer can make up approximately10% of all gastric cancers. In some of these tumor types, multiple EBV proteins are associated with the disease and in others, a smaller subset are made.In addition, we intend to explore the therapeutic utility of EBV-targeted cellular therapy in other EBV-malignancies. In June 2016, we opened a multicenterexpanded access protocol, or EAP, trial to provide access to ATA129 treatment and collect additional safety data while the medication is not commerciallyavailable or available to patients through another protocol. The trial is open to patients with EBV-associated viremia or malignancies for whom there are noappropriate alternative treatment options. We would expect to generate data in a number of these EBV-malignancies. We have also begun to generate data utilizing ATA129 to treat NPC. Our collaborating investigator, MSK, presented clinical results at the June 2016American Society of Clinical Oncology, or ASCO, meeting on the use of ATA129 in patients with NPC. The data included one complete response and two partialresponses among 14 patients with recurrent metastatic NPC. Furthermore, 11 of 14 patients on the study were alive at a median follow up of 18.1 months. Thisresult is encouraging when compared to historical median survival rates that range from five to eleven months for patients with metastatic disease after progressionfollowing standard chemotherapy. Of note, CTLs expanded in vivo and had sufficient persistence to drive clinical responses despite the absence of lympho-depleting chemotherapy in advance. We intend to continue to evaluate this product candidate in the treatment of NPC, and expect to initiate a Phase1/2 clinical trialevaluating ATA129 in combination with a checkpoint inhibitor for the treatment of NPC following the initiation of our ATA129 Phase 3 trials. ATA520, WT1 Targeted T-Cells for Hematologic Malignancies and Solid TumorsWT1 is an intracellular protein that is overexpressed in a number of cancers, including multiple myeloma, or MM, and non-small cell lung, breast,pancreatic, ovarian, and colorectal cancers. MSK has two ongoing Phase 1 clinical trials evaluating primary donor derived WT1-CTLs. The first trial is a doseescalation trial of ATA520 for residual or relapsed leukemia after HCT. The second trial is a dose escalation trial of ATA520 following T-cell depleted HCT forpatients with relapsed or refractory MM, including plasma cell leukemia, or PCL. In 2011, it was reported in the journal Blood that the prognosis of PCL is poor,with a median survival of seven to eleven months and that survival is even shorter, two to seven months, when PCL occurs in the context of refractory or relapsingMM. At the ASH 2015 Annual Meeting, MSK presented results from this Phase 1 clinical trial of primary donor-derived ATA520. In this trial, responseassessments were conducted utilizing criteria consistent with those defined by the International Myeloma Working Group. •Patients with relapsed-refractory MM, including PCL were treated with allogeneic HCT followed by WT1-CTLs. •At one year, a response rate of greater than 50% was observed in these patients. For these data, the response rate was determined by adding thecomplete responses to the partial responses and then dividing by the number of patients. •Two patients who developed a complete response remained in remission for more than one year. •There were no treatment-related SAEs with WT1-CTLs.Based on data from these trials, we intend to develop ATA520, which is a third-party donor-derived WT1-CTL, in hematologic malignancies, includingPCL. We expect to initiate a Phase 1/2 clinical trial in patients with hematologic malignancies in 2018.ATA230, CMV-Targeted T-cells for CMV Infection and Other CMV Associated MalignanciesCMV, also known as HHV-5, is a member of the Herpes virus family. CMV infection rate gradually increases throughout childhood, and, once infected, anindividual carries the virus for life due to the ability of CMV to establish a latent state of infection. It is estimated that CMV infection affects 50% to 90% of theglobal adult population. Immunocompromised patients, including HCT and SOT patients, human immunodeficiency virus, or HIV, patients, and to a lesser extentcancer patients, are at highest risk for12 developing significant disease syndromes caused by CMV, including interstitial pneumonia, gastrointestinal infection, central nervous system disease, hepatitis,retinitis, and encephalitis.Antiviral drugs in the form of prophylaxis or preemptive treatment strategies have reduced morbidity and mortality, though adverse effects such asneutropenia and renal toxicity remain a challenge. The emergence of resistance to antiviral drugs also presents challenges to patient care.CMV Viremia and Disease after HCTDespite the use of prophylactic and preemptive therapy using small molecule antivirals, many post-HCT patients progress to develop overt, symptomaticCMV viral diseases such as retinal infections that risk permanent blindness, encephalopathy with the risk of permanent brain damage and other serious morbidities.However, the antiviral drugs used to treat CMV have significant toxicities, including marrow toxicity for ganciclovir, valganciclovir and cidofovir, and renaltoxicity for foscarnet and cidofovir. In addition, CMV drug resistance mutations arise during this antiviral therapy.MSK has conducted one Phase 1 clinical trial and is conducting two Phase 2 clinical trials of ATA230 that included patients with CMV viremia and CMVdisease, in each case refractory to antiviral drug treatment. An interim summary of MSK’s clinical experience was reported at the December 2014 AmericanSociety of Hematology, or ASH, Annual Meeting. This analysis evaluated outcomes in patients who were treated with ATA230 after failing a median of fourdifferent antiviral drugs and demonstrated response rates of approximately 60% in patients with refractory CMV viremia or disease. Responses in patients treatedfor viremia alone with ATA230 were considered to be complete responses if the viremia resolved completely and partial responses if the viral load fell 100-fold ormore. Responses in patients treated for overt disease were considered to be complete responses if all detectable CMV viremia and disease resolved and partialresponses if patients became asymptomatic.An additional subset analysis of MSK’s clinical experience from the ongoing Phase 2 clinical trial and including patients treated under compassionate usewas reported at the December 2015 ASH Annual Meeting. This analysis included patients with refractory CMV disease in the central nervous system, or CNS, whowere treated with either primary donor derived or third-party derived ATA230. Nearly all of these patients were treated with third-party derived ATA230 and onewas treated with a primary donor derived ATA230. Patients had received a range of three to six prior therapies before treatment with ATA230. The overallresponse rate was more than 70%, including seven complete responses and one partial response. Responses in these patients treated for CMV disease in the CNSwere considered to be complete responses if all detectable CMV viremia and disease resolved and partial responses if patients became asymptomatic.At the December 2016, ASH Annual Meeting, our collaborating investigators at MSK reported Phase 2 results for our third-party derived T-cell productcandidate, ATA230. Data from the Phase 2 trial described efficacy and safety of ATA230 in the treatment of 15 patients with documented CMV mutationsconferring resistance to anti-viral therapies. Patients had received a median of 3 prior therapies before receiving ATA230. Dr. Susan Prockop, M.D. andcolleagues reported a response rate of approximately 70% with 6 complete responses (CR) and 5 partial responses (PR). An analysis of overall survival (OS) at 6months in responders versus non responders demonstrated an OS of approximately 70% in responders (CR+PR) versus 25% in non-responders. There were 16SAEs possibly related to CMV-CTL among 66 patients.We believe this data suggests a high response rate among patients with otherwise refractory CMV viremia and disease. Since these trials are ongoing, weexpect that survival data may evolve with ongoing follow-up of the patients. Overall, ATA230 therapy was well tolerated. One patient developed possibly relatedde novo GvHD, or a flare-up of prior GvHD, in association with infusion of ATA230. We met with the FDA for an end of Phase 2 meeting to discuss late stage development of ATA230 for the treatment of anti-viral refractory or resistantCMV infection following either HCT or SOT. Given the opportunity to pursue a conditional marketing authorization in the EU for ATA129, we have decided toprioritize at this time our EBV related programs ahead of ATA230. Therefore, we intend to further evaluate ATA230 Phase 3 trial designs following the initiationof our ATA129 Phase 3 trials.Additional Platform Expansion ActivitiesWe believe our T-cell technology platform will have utility beyond the current set of targets to which it has been directed. We and MSK have agreed tocollaborate on further research to develop additional cellular therapies, which may include T-cell programs targeted against other antigens and chimeric antigenreceptor, or CAR-T, cell programs. Pursuant to the existing agreements with MSK, we have an option to license these additional cellular therapies, and in 2016, weexpanded our relationship with QIMR Berghofer to include development of CTLs targeting human papillomavirus and BK virus. We believe that viral antigens arewell suited to adoptive immunotherapy given that people with normal immune systems are able to mount robust responses to these viral13 targets, but immunocompromised patients and some cancer patients are not. We also intend to license or acquire additional product candidates or technologies toenhance our existing T-cell technology platform.Our Molecularly-Targeted Product CandidatesSTM434, a Targeted Therapy for Ovarian Cancer and Other Solid TumorsSTM434 is a soluble modified ActR2B receptor-IgGFc fusion protein that binds the signaling molecule human activin. We recently completed the doseescalation portion of the Phase 1 clinical trial of STM434 in ovarian cancer and other solid tumors. Based on the results of the dose escalation and the developmentprogress of our other product candidates, we have determined not to prioritize at this time the further development of STM434 in these indications. We areinvestigating its potential to be used in other indications or applications.CompetitionThe biotechnology and pharmaceutical industries are characterized by rapidly advancing technologies, intense competition and a strong emphasis onproprietary products. While we believe that our innovative technology, knowledge, experience and scientific resources provide us with competitive advantages, weface potential competition from many different sources, including major pharmaceutical, specialty pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies, academicinstitutions and public and private research institutions. Some of these potential competitors may have a more established presence in the market and significantlygreater financial, technical and human resources than we have. Our commercial opportunity will be reduced or eliminated if our competitors develop andcommercialize products that are safer, more effective, have fewer side effects or are less expensive than any products that we may develop.T-Cell Product CandidatesShould our T-cell product candidates be approved for use, we will face substantial competition. In addition to the current standard of care for patients,commercial and academic clinical trials are being pursued by a number of parties in the field of immunotherapy. Early results from these trials have fueledcontinued interest in immunotherapy. In addition, if approved, our T-cell programs would compete with currently marketed drugs and therapies used for treatmentof the following indications, and potentially with drug candidates currently in development for the same indications.EBV-PTLDThere are currently no FDA or EMA approved products for the treatment of EBV-PTLD. However, some approved products and therapies are currentlyused off-label in this setting, and a number of companies and academic institutions that may license therapies to companies in the future are or may be developingnew treatments. These therapies, as well as promotional efforts by competitors and clinical trial results of competitive products, could significantly diminish anyability to market and sell ATA129. The current treatment for EBV-PTLD involves administration of rituximab as a single agent or in the SOT setting, incombination with chemotherapy regimens. Additionally, a number of companies and academic institutions are developing drug candidates for EBV-PTLD andother EBV associated diseases, including Cell Medica Ltd., or Cell Medica, which is conducting Phase 1 clinical trials for baltaleucel-T, an autologous EBVspecific T-cell therapy in post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder.Multiple SclerosisCompetition in the MS market is expected to increase with the development of new therapies and approval of additional novel agents. There are many U.S.and international competitors in the relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) market, including major multi-national fully-integrated pharmaceuticalcompanies and established biotechnology companies. A number of therapies are approved in the U.S. and European Union to treat RRMS. The branded RRMS treatment market includes Avonex®, marketed byBiogen Inc., or Biogen; Betaseron®, marketed by Bayer AG; Copaxone®, marketed by Teva Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd.; Rebif®, marketed by Merck KGaA;Tysabri® marketed by Biogen; Aubagio® marketed by Sanofi Aventis, or Sanofi and Genzyme Corporation; Gilenya® marketed by Novartis International AG, orNovartis; Lemtrada® marketed by Sanofi; Zinbryta® marketed by Biogen and Tecfidera® marketed by Biogen. In 2016, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd Rochesubmitted marketing applications to the FDA and EMA for Ocrevus®, a monoclonal antibody targeting CD20, for the treatment of RRMS and primary progressiveMS. There are numerous other development candidates in Phase 3 trials for RRMS including three next-generation sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor (S1PR)agonists (Celgene’s ozanimod, Novartis’ siponimod and Actelion’s ponesimod), Novartis’ anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody ofatumumab, as well as Teva’slaquinimod.14 In the U.S. there is one drug (mitoxantrone) approved to treat secondary progressive MS and no approved d rugs for the treatment of primary progressiveMS. In Europe, Betaseron ® (marketed by Bayer AG) and Extavia ® (marketed by Novartis) are approved drugs for the treatment of secondary progressiveMS. There are currently no approved drugs for primary progres sive MS. In addition to Ocrevus ® , MedDay SA is developing MD-1003, a concentrated form ofbiotin, which is currently being tested in Phase 3 trials for progressive MS . AB Science is developing m asitinib, a tyrosine kinase inhibitor, which is being testedin Phase 3 trials as a treatment for progressive MS and Novartis is developing s iponimod, which is currently being tested in Phase 3 trials for secondaryprogressive MS. Multiple Myeloma including Plasma Cell LeukemiaSeveral products are approved for the treatment of relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma, including Kyprolis (marketed by Amgen Inc.), Revlimid andPomalyst (marketed by Celgene Corporation), Velcade (marketed by Millennium Pharmaceuticals, Inc.) and Darzalex (marketed by Janssen Research &Development, LLC). In addition, a number of companies and institutions are developing drug candidates for relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma including:AB Science SA, which is conducting a Phase 3 clinical trial for masitinib, a tyrosine kinase inhibitor; Array Biopharma Inc., which is conducting Phase 2 clinicaltrials for filanesib, a kinesin spindle protein inhibitor; Karyopharm Therapeutics, which is conducting Phase 2 clinical trials for Selinxor and Phase 1/2 trials forKPT-8602, both small-molecule nuclear transport inhibitors; Sanofi, which is conducting Phase 1/2 clinical trials for SAR-650984, an anti-CD38 monoclonalantibody; Altor Bioscience Corporation, which is conducting Phase 1/2 studies for ALT-803, an IL-15 super agonist; Celgene Corporation, which is conductingPhase 1/2 clinical trials for CC-220, a small molecule immunomodulatory drug; Morphosys AG, which is conducting Phase 1/2 clinical trials for MOR202, an anti-CD38 antibody; bluebird bio, Inc., which is conducting Phase1/2 clinical trials for bb2121, a CART candidate targeting BCMA; and Adaptimmune TherapeuticsPLC, which is conducting Phase 1/2 clinical trials for a TCR candidate targeting NY-ESO-1 and Actinium Pharmaceuticals Inc., which is conducting Phase 1clinical trials for 225Ac-Lintuzumab, a monoclonal antibody targeting CD33.CMV InfectionThere are numerous approved products and therapies for the treatment of CMV infection, and a number of companies and academic institutions that maylicense therapies to companies in the future are or may be developing new treatments for CMV infection. These therapies, as well as promotional efforts bycompetitors and clinical trial results of competitive products, could significantly diminish any ability to market and sell the CMV-CTL. Drug therapies approved orcommonly used for CMV infection include antiviral compounds such as ganciclovir, valganciclovir, cidofovir or foscarnet.Additionally, a number of companies and academic institutions are developing drug candidates for CMV infection and other CMV-associated diseases,including Shire Plc which initiated Phase 3 clinical trials of maribavir, a UL97 protein kinase inhibitor; Merck & Co. Inc., or Merck, which recently announced thePhase 3 clinical trials of letermovir, a CMV terminase inhibitor met the primary endpoint; and Vical Inc., which is conducting Phase 3 clinical trials in patientsundergoing an allogeneic stem cell transplant evaluating ASP0113, a therapeutic bivalent plasma DNA CMV vaccine. In addition, Helocyte, Inc., is conductingtwo Phase 2 clinical trials for a CMV MVA-vaccine and a CMV peptide vaccine in patients undergoing an allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant; NovartisAG, has completed Phase 1/2 clinical trials for CSJ-148, a monoclonal antibody combination therapy; Merck is conducting Phase 1 clinical trials for V160, a CMVDNA vaccine; VBI Vaccines Inc., is conducting Phase 1 clinical trials for VBI-1501A, an eVLP vaccine; Hookipa Biotech, is conducting Phase 1 clinical trials forHB101, a bivalent vaccine and ViraCyte, is conducting Phase 1 clinical trials for Viralym-C, a CMV-specific allogeneic cell therapy product.License AgreementsMSK Option and License AgreementIn September 2014, we entered into an exclusive option agreement with MSK under which we acquired the right to exclusively license from MSK theworldwide rights to three clinical stage T-cell programs. The initial option period was for 12 months. In exchange for the exclusive option, we paid MSK $1.25million in cash and issued 59,761 shares of our common stock to MSK. We and MSK also agreed to collaborate on further research to develop additional cellulartherapies, which may include T-cell programs targeted against other antigens and/or CAR-T, and which we also would hold an option to license, if developed.In June 2015, we exercised the option and entered into a license agreement with MSK. Under the terms of the license agreement, MSK granted us aworldwide, exclusive license under certain patent rights, know-how and a library of T-cells and cell lines, to research, develop, manufacture and commercialize T-cell products specific to CMV, EBV or WT1 that comprise or are based on or made using such licensed rights. MSK also agreed to transfer certain INDs related tothe licensed products to us. We have agreed to use commercially reasonable efforts to commercialize the licensed products and, if commercialized, continue activemarketing efforts for any commercialized licensed product through the term of the license agreement.15 In connection with the option exercise and the execution of the license agreement, we made an upfront cash payment to MSK of $4.5 million. We areobligated to make additional milestone pay ments of up to $33.0 million with respect to the three licensed clinical stage T-cell programs based on achievement ofspecified development, regulatory and sales-related milestones. We are also required to make escalating mid to high single-digit royalty payments to MSK based onsales of any licensed products. In addition, under certain circumstances, we must make certain minimum annual royalty payments to MSK, which are creditableagainst earned royalties owed for the same annual period. We are also oblig ated to pay a low double-digit percentage of consideration we receive for sublicensingthe licensed rights.The license agreement expires for each licensed T-cell product on a licensed product-by-licensed product basis and a country-by-country basis, on the latestof: (i) expiration of the last licensed patent rights related to such licensed product in such country, (ii) expiration of any market exclusivity period granted by lawwith respect to such licensed product in such country, and (iii) a specified number of years after the first commercial sale of the licensed product in such country.Upon expiration of the license agreement, the licenses granted to us will become non-exclusive royalty-free, perpetual and irrevocable. MSK may terminate thelicense agreement if we materially breach the agreement and does not cure such breach within a specified period or if we experience certain insolvency events.Intellectual PropertyPatentsOur commercial success depends in part on our ability to obtain and maintain proprietary protection for our product candidates, to operate withoutinfringing on the proprietary rights of others and to prevent others from infringing our proprietary rights. Our policy is to seek to protect our proprietary positionby, among other methods, filing U.S. and non-U.S. patent applications related to our proprietary technology, inventions and improvements that are important to thedevelopment and implementation of our business. We also rely on trade secrets, know-how, continuing technological innovation and potential in-licensingopportunities to develop and maintain our proprietary position. Additionally, we expect to benefit from a variety of statutory frameworks in the United States,Europe and other countries that relate to the regulation of biosimilar molecules and orphan drug status. These statutory frameworks provide certain periods ofregulatory exclusivity for qualifying molecules. See “Government Regulation.”We seek composition-of-matter and/or method-of-treatment patents for each of our product candidates in key therapeutic areas.Our in-licensed and proprietary patent estate, on a worldwide basis, is very large and consists of over 100 issued patents and 200 pending patentapplications. These figures include in-licensed patents and patent applications to which we generally hold exclusive commercial rights, except in the case of threepending patent applications relating to our ATA230 product candidate for a particular indication in specific patient populations.Individual patents extend for varying periods of time depending on the date of filing of the patent application, the priority date claimed and the legal term ofpatents as determined by the applicable law in the countries in which those patents are obtained.Generally, patents issued from applications filed in the United States are effective for 20 years from the earliest non-provisional filing date. In addition, incertain instances, a patent term can be extended to recapture a portion of the term effectively lost as a result of the FDA regulatory review period; however, therestoration period cannot be longer than five years and the total patent term including the restoration period must not exceed 14 years following FDA approval. Inaddition, patent term adjustments can extend term to account for certain delays by the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office, or USPTO, during prosecution before thatoffice. The duration of non-U.S. patents varies in accordance with provisions of applicable local law, but typically, a patent’s life is 20 years from the earliestinternational filing date. Our licensed, issued U.S. patents are expected to expire on dates ranging from 2027 to 2029, and our licensed issued non-U.S. patents areexpected to expire on dates ranging from 2023 to 2029, exclusive of possible patent term extensions. Our pending owned and licensed applications with respect toour product candidates, if issued, are expected to expire, as to applications filed in the United States, on dates ranging from 2023 to 2036, and, as to applicationsfiled in jurisdictions outside the United States, on dates ranging from 2023 to 2036, exclusive of possible patent term extensions or adjustments. However, theactual protection afforded by a patent varies on a product- by-product basis, from country to country and depends upon many factors, including the type of patent,the scope of its coverage, the availability of extensions of patent term, the availability of legal remedies in a particular country and the validity and enforceability ofthe patent.National and international patent laws concerning protein-based biologics such as our products remain highly unsettled. No consistent policy regarding thepatent-eligibility or the breadth of claims allowed in such patents has emerged to date among the United States, Europe and other countries. Changes in either thepatent laws or in interpretations of patent laws in the United States and other countries can diminish our ability to protect our inventions and enforce our intellectualproperty rights. Accordingly, we cannot predict the breadth or enforceability of claims that may be granted in our patents or in third-party patents. Thebiotechnology and pharmaceutical industries are characterized by extensive intellectual property litigation. Our ability to maintain and solidify our16 proprietary position for our product candidates and technology will depend on our success in obtaining effective claims for any patent and enforcing those claimsonce a patent is granted. We do not know whether any of the patent applications that we may file or license from third parties will result in the issuance of anypatents. The issued patents that we own or may receive in the future may be chal lenged, invalidated or circumvented, and the rights granted under any issuedpatents may not provide us with sufficient protection or competitive advantages against competitors with similar technology. Furthermore, our competitors mayindependently develop and commercialize similar drugs or duplicate our technology, business model or strategy without infringing our patents. Because of theextensive time required for clinical development and regulatory review of any drug we may develop from our product candi dates, it is possible that, before any ofour drugs can be commercialized, any related patent may expire or remain in force for only a short period following commercialization, thereby reducing anyadvantage of any such patent. The patent positions for our product candidates are summarized below:T-cell Technology Patent PortfolioWe hold exclusive rights to one international patent application, one Argentine patent application, and one Taiwanese patent application, all directed toATA520 method of use claims. In addition, we have exclusively licensed MSK’s rights under one US non-provisional patent application, one international patentapplication, and one Argentine patent application, all directed to ATA230 method of use claims for treatment of CMV retinitis in HIV-infected patients and SOTrecipients, which are co-owned by MSK and another entity from which we have not licensed rights. We also hold exclusive rights to one international patentapplication, one Argentine patent application, and one Taiwanese patent application, all directed to methods of identifying and selecting allogeneic T-cell lines fortherapeutic use. We also hold exclusive rights to one US provisional patent application directed to methods of generating antigen-specific T-cells using a CD34-negative cell population, methods of treating a human patient using antigen-specific T-cells generated by such methods, and methods of assessing antigen-specificT-cells for suitability for therapeutic use. We also hold exclusive rights to one U.S. provisional patent application directed to methods of generating antigen-specificT-cells using stem cell-like memory T-cells, antigen-specific T-cells generated by such methods, and methods of treating a human patient using such antigen-specific T-cells. The United States patent system permits the filing of provisional and non-provisional patent applications. A provisional patent application is notexamined for patentability by the USPTO and automatically expires 12 months after its filing date. As a result, a provisional patent application cannot mature into apatent. Provisional patent applications are often used, among other things, to establish an early effective filing date for a later-filed non-provisional patentapplication. A non-provisional patent application is examined by the USPTO and can mature into a patent once the USPTO determines that the claimed inventionmeets the standards for patentability.Trade SecretsIn addition to patents, we rely upon unpatented trade secrets and know-how and continuing technological innovation to develop and maintain ourcompetitive position. We seek to protect our proprietary information, in part, using confidentiality agreements with our commercial partners, collaborators,employees and consultants and invention assignment agreements with our employees. These agreements are designed to protect our proprietary information and, inthe case of the invention assignment agreements, to grant us ownership of technologies that are developed by an employee. These agreements may be breached, andwe may not have adequate remedies for any such breach or any unauthorized disclosure of our proprietary information. In addition, our trade secrets may otherwisebecome known or be independently discovered by competitors. To the extent that our commercial partners, collaborators, employees and consultants useintellectual property owned by others in their work for us, disputes may arise as to the rights in related or resulting know-how and inventions.Government RegulationOverview of U.S. Government RegulationThe preclinical studies and clinical testing, manufacture, labeling, storage, recordkeeping, advertising, promotion, export, marketing and sales, among otherthings, of our product candidates are subject to extensive regulation by governmental authorities in the United States and other countries. In the United States,pharmaceutical products are regulated by the FDA under the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act and other laws, including, in the case of biologics, the PublicHealth Service Act.Our T-cell product candidates, including ATA129, are regulated by the FDA as biologics, reviewed by the Center for Biological Evaluation and Research,and will require the submission of BLAs and approval by the FDA prior to being marketed in the United States. For CTL trials conducted at, or sponsored by,institutions receiving NIH funding for recombinant DNA research, prior to the submission of an IND to the FDA, a protocol and related documents must besubmitted to, and the study registered with, the NIH Office of Biotechnology Activities, or the OBA, pursuant to the NIH Guidelines for Research InvolvingRecombinant DNA Molecules, or the NIH Guidelines. Compliance with the NIH Guidelines is mandatory for investigators at institutions receiving NIH funds forresearch involving recombinant DNA. However, many companies and other institutions, not otherwise subject to the NIH Guidelines, voluntarily follow them. TheNIH is responsible for convening the recombinant DNA advisory committee, or RAC, that17 discusses protocols that raise novel or particularly important scientific, safety or ethical considerations at one of its quarterly public meetings. The OBA will notifythe FDA of the RAC’s decision regarding the necessity for full public review of a protocol. RAC proceedings and reports are posted to the OBA website and maybe accessed by the public.Failure to comply with FDA requirements, both before and after product approval, may subject us or our partners, contract manufacturers, and suppliers toadministrative or judicial sanctions, including FDA refusal to approve applications, warning letters, product recalls, product seizures, total or partial suspension ofproduction or distribution, fines and/or criminal prosecution.The steps required before a biologic may be approved for marketing of an indication in the United States generally include: •completion of preclinical laboratory tests, animal studies and formulation studies conducted according to good laboratory practices, or GLP, andother applicable regulations; •submission to the FDA of an investigational new drug, or IND, application, which must become effective before human clinical trials maycommence; •completion of adequate and well-controlled human clinical trials in accordance with good clinical practices, or GCP, to establish that the biologicalproduct is “safe, pure and potent”, which is analogous to the safety and efficacy approval standard for a chemical drug product for its intended use; •submission to the FDA of a BLA; •satisfactory completion of an FDA preapproval inspection of the manufacturing facility or facilities at which the product is produced to assesscompliance with applicable current good manufacturing practices, or cGMP and in the case of our T-cell product candidates, good tissue practices, orGTP; and •FDA review of the BLA and issuance of a biologics license.Before conducting studies in humans, laboratory evaluation of product chemistry, toxicity and formulation as well as animal studies to assess the potentialsafety and efficacy of the biologic candidate must be conducted. Preclinical toxicology studies in animals must be conducted in compliance with FDA regulations.The results of the preclinical tests, together with manufacturing information and analytical data, are submitted to the FDA as part of an IND. Some preclinicaltesting may continue even after the IND is submitted. In addition to including the results of the preclinical testing, the IND will also include a protocol detailing,among other things, the objectives of the clinical trial, the parameters to be used in monitoring safety and the effectiveness criteria to be evaluated if the first phaseor phases of the clinical trial lend themselves to an efficacy determination. The IND will automatically become effective 30 days after receipt by the FDA, unlessthe FDA within the 30-day time period places the IND on clinical hold because of safety concerns about the product candidate or the conduct of the trial describedin the clinical protocol included in the IND. The IND sponsor and the FDA must resolve any outstanding concerns before clinical trials can proceed.All clinical trials for new drugs and biologics must be conducted under the supervision of one or more qualified principal investigators in accordance withGCP. They must be conducted under protocols detailing the objectives of the applicable phase of the trial, dosing procedures, research subject selection andexclusion criteria and the safety and effectiveness criteria to be evaluated. Each protocol must be submitted to the FDA as part of the IND, and progress reportsdetailing the status of the clinical trials must be submitted to the FDA annually. Sponsors must also report to the FDA, within certain timeframes, serious andunexpected adverse reactions, any clinically important increase in the rate of a serious suspected adverse reaction over that listed in the protocol or investigator’sbrochure, or any findings from other studies or animal or in vitro testing that suggest a significant risk in humans exposed to the product candidate. An institutionalreview board, or IRB, at each institution participating in the clinical trial must review and approve the protocol before a clinical trial commences at that institution,approve the information regarding the trial and the consent form that must be provided to each research subject or the subject’s legal representative, and monitorthe trial until completed.Clinical trials are typically conducted in three sequential phases, but the phases may overlap and different trials may be initiated with the same productcandidate within the same phase of development in similar or differing patient populations.Phase 1 clinical studies may be conducted in a limited number of patients or healthy volunteers, as appropriate. The product candidate is initially tested forsafety and, as appropriate, for absorption, metabolism, distribution, excretion, pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics.Phase 2 usually involves trials in a larger, but still limited, patient population to evaluate preliminarily the efficacy of the product candidate for specific,targeted indications to determine dosage tolerance and optimal dosage and to identify possible short-term adverse effects and safety risks.18 Phase 3 trials are undertaken to further evaluate clinical efficacy of a specific endpoint and to test further for safety within an expanded patient population atgeographically dispersed clinical trial sites. Phase 1, Phase 2 or Phase 3 testing might not be completed successfully within any specific time period, if at all, withrespect to any of our product candidates. Results from one trial are not necessarily predictive of results from later trials. Furthermo re, the FDA or the sponsor maysuspend clinical trials at any time on various grounds, including a finding that the subjects or patients are being exposed to an unacceptable health risk. Similarly,an IRB can suspend or terminate approval of a clinical tri al at its institution if the clinical trial is not being conducted in accordance with the IRB’s requirements orif the product candidate has been associated with unexpected serious harm to patients.The results of the preclinical studies and clinical trials, together with other detailed information, including information on the manufacture and compositionof the product, are submitted to the FDA as part of a BLA requesting approval to market the product candidate for a proposed indication. Under the PrescriptionDrug User Fee Act the fees payable to the FDA for reviewing a BLA, as well as annual fees for commercial manufacturing establishments and for approvedproducts, can be substantial but are subject to certain limited deferrals, waivers and reductions that may be available. The fees typically increase each year. EachBLA submitted to the FDA for approval is reviewed for administrative completeness and reviewability within 60 days following receipt by the FDA of theapplication. If the BLA is found complete, the FDA will file the BLA, triggering a full review of the application. The FDA may refuse to file any BLA that it deemsincomplete or not properly reviewable at the time of submission. The FDA’s established goal is to review 90% of priority BLA applications within six months afterthe application is accepted for filing and 90% of standard BLA applications within 10 months of the acceptance date, whereupon a review decision is to be made.The FDA, however, may not approve a product candidate within these established goals and its review goals are subject to change from time to time. Further, theoutcome of the review, even if generally favorable, may not be an actual approval but a “complete response letter” that describes additional work that must be donebefore the application can be approved. Before approving a BLA, the FDA may inspect the facility or facilities at which the product is manufactured and will notapprove the product unless the facility complies with cGMP. The FDA may deny approval of a BLA if applicable statutory or regulatory criteria are not satisfied,or may require additional testing or information, which can extend the review process. FDA approval of any application may include many delays or never begranted. If a product is approved, the approval may impose limitations on the uses for which the product may be marketed, may require that warning statements beincluded in the product labeling, may require that additional studies be conducted following approval as a condition of the approval, and may impose restrictionsand conditions on product distribution, prescribing, or dispensing in the form of a Risk Evaluation and Mitigation Strategy, or REMS, or otherwise limit the scopeof any approval. The FDA must approve a BLA supplement or a new BLA before a product may be marketed for other uses or before certain manufacturing orother changes may be made. Further post-marketing testing and surveillance to monitor the safety or efficacy of a product is required. Also, product approvals maybe withdrawn if compliance with regulatory standards is not maintained or if safety or manufacturing problems occur following initial marketing. In addition, newgovernment requirements may be established that could delay or prevent regulatory approval of our product candidates under development.Under the Biologics Price Competition and Innovation Act of 2009, or the BPCIA, a statutory pathway has been created for licensure, or approval, ofbiological products that are biosimilar to, and possibly interchangeable with, earlier biological products licensed under the Public Health Service Act. Also underthe BPCIA, innovator manufacturers of original reference biological products are granted 12 years of exclusivity before biosimilars can be approved for marketingin the United States. The approval of a biologic product biosimilar to one of our products could have a material adverse impact on our business as it may besignificantly less costly to bring to market and may be priced significantly lower than our products.Both before and after the FDA approves a product, the manufacturer and the holder or holders of the BLA for the product are subject to comprehensiveregulatory oversight. For example, quality control and manufacturing procedures must conform, on an ongoing basis, to cGMP and GTP requirements, asapplicable and the FDA periodically inspects manufacturing facilities to assess compliance with these standards. Accordingly, manufacturers must continue tospend time, money and effort to maintain compliance.Orphan Drug ActThe Orphan Drug Act provides incentives to manufacturers to develop and market drugs for rare diseases and conditions affecting fewer than 200,000persons in the United States at the time of application for orphan drug designation. Orphan drug designation must be requested before submitting a BLA. Orphandrug designation does not convey any advantage in, or shorten the duration of, the regulatory review and approval process. If a product that has orphan drugdesignation subsequently receives the first FDA approval for the disease for which it has such designation, the holder of the approval is entitled to a seven-yearexclusive marketing period in the United States for that product except in very limited circumstances. For example, a drug that the FDA considers to be clinicallysuperior to, or different from, another approved orphan drug, even though for the same indication, may also obtain approval in the United States during the seven-year exclusive marketing period. In addition, holders of exclusivity for orphan drugs are expected to assure the availability of sufficient quantities of their orphandrugs to meet the needs of patients. Failure to do so could result in the withdrawal of marketing exclusivity for the drug.19 Legislation si milar to the Orphan Drug Act has been enacted outside the United States, including in the EU. The orphan legislation in the EU is availablefor therapies addressing chronic debilitating or life-threatening conditions that affect five or fewer out of 10,000 persons or are financially not viable to develop.The market exclusivity period is for ten years, although that period can be reduced to six years if, at the end of the fifth year, available evidence establishes that theproduct is sufficiently profitable not to justify maintenance of market exclusivity. The market exclusivity may be extended to 12 years if the sponsor completes apediatric investigation plan agreed upon with the relevant committee of the EMA.Expedited Review and ApprovalThe FDA has various programs, including Fast Track, priority review and accelerated approval, which are intended to expedite or simplify the process fordeveloping and reviewing promising drugs, or to provide for the approval of a drug on the basis of a surrogate endpoint. Even if a drug qualifies for one or more ofthese programs, the FDA may later decide that the drug no longer meets the conditions for qualification or that the time period for FDA review or approval will beshortened. Generally, drugs that are eligible for these programs are those for serious or life-threatening conditions, those with the potential to address unmetmedical needs and those that offer meaningful benefits over existing treatments. For example, Fast Track is a process designed to facilitate the development andexpedite the review of drugs to treat serious or life-threatening diseases or conditions and fill unmet medical needs. Priority review is designed to give drugs thatoffer major advances in treatment or provide a treatment where no adequate therapy exists an initial review within six months as compared to a standard reviewtime of 10 months. Although Fast Track and priority review do not affect the standards for approval, the FDA will attempt to facilitate early and frequent meetingswith a sponsor of a Fast Track designated drug and expedite review of the application for a drug designated for priority review. Accelerated approval provides foran earlier approval for a new drug that is intended to treat a serious or life-threatening disease or condition and that fills an unmet medical need based on asurrogate endpoint. A surrogate endpoint is a laboratory measurement or physical sign used as an indirect or substitute measurement representing a clinicallymeaningful outcome. As a condition of approval, the FDA may require that a sponsor of a product candidate receiving accelerated approval perform post-marketingclinical trials to confirm the clinically meaningful outcome as predicted by the surrogate marker trial.In addition to the Fast Track, accelerated approval and priority review programs discussed above, breakthrough therapy designation may be pursued. Abreakthrough therapy is defined as a drug that is intended, alone or in combination with one or more other drugs, to treat a serious or life-threatening disease orcondition, and preliminary clinical evidence indicates that the drug may demonstrate substantial improvement over existing therapies on one or more clinicallysignificant endpoints, such as substantial treatment effects observed early in clinical development. Drugs designated as breakthrough therapies are also eligible foraccelerated approval. The FDA will seek to ensure the sponsor of a breakthrough therapy product candidate receives: intensive guidance on an efficient drugdevelopment program; intensive involvement of senior managers and experienced staff on a proactive, collaborative and cross-disciplinary review; and rollingreview.ReimbursementIn both domestic and foreign markets, sales and reimbursement of any approved products will depend, in part, on the extent to which the costs of suchproducts will be covered by third-party payors, such as government health programs, commercial insurance and managed healthcare organizations. These third-party payors are increasingly challenging the prices charged for medical products and services and imposing controls to manage costs. The containment ofhealthcare costs has become a priority of federal and state governments and the prices of drugs have been a focus in this effort. Governments have shownsignificant interest in implementing cost-containment programs, including price controls, restrictions on reimbursement and requirements for substitution of genericproducts. Adoption of price controls and cost-containment measures, and adoption of more restrictive policies in jurisdictions with existing controls and measures,could further limit our net revenue and results. In addition, there is significant uncertainty regarding the reimbursement status of newly approved healthcareproducts. We may need to conduct expensive pharmacoeconomic studies in order to demonstrate the cost-effectiveness of our products. If third-party payors do notconsider our products to be cost-effective compared to other therapies, the payors may not cover our products after approved as a benefit under their plans or, ifthey do, the level of payment may not be sufficient to allow us to sell our products on a profitable basis.Within the United States, if we obtain appropriate approval in the future to market any of our current product candidates, we may seek approval andcoverage for those products under Medicaid, Medicare and the Public Health Service, or PHS, pharmaceutical pricing program and also seek to sell the products tofederal agencies.Medicaid is a joint federal and state program that is administered by the states for low income and disabled beneficiaries. Under the Medicaid Drug RebateProgram, manufacturers are required to pay a rebate for each unit of product reimbursed by the state Medicaid programs. The amount of the rebate for each productis set by law and may be subject to an additional discount if certain pricing increases more than inflation.20 Medicare is a fed eral program administered by the federal government that covers individuals age 65 and over as well as those with certain disabilities.Medicare Part D provides coverage to enrolled Medicare patients for self-administered drugs (i.e., drugs that do not nee d to be administered by a physician).Medicare Part D is administered by private prescription drug plans approved by the U.S. government and each drug plan establishes its own Medicare Part Dformulary for prescription drug coverage and pricing, which the drug plan may modify from time-to-time.Medicare Part B covers most injectable drugs given in an in-patient setting, and some drugs administered by a licensed medical provider in hospitaloutpatient departments and doctors’ offices. Medicare Part B is administered by Medicare Administrative Contractors, which generally have the responsibility ofmaking coverage decisions. Subject to certain payment adjustments and limits, Medicare generally pays for Part B covered drugs based on a percentage ofmanufacturer-reported average sales price.Drug products are subject to discounted pricing when purchased by federal agencies via the Federal Supply Schedule, or FSS.FFS participation is required for a drug product to be covered and paid for by certain federal agencies and for coverage under Medicaid, Medicare Part Band the PHS pharmaceutical pricing program. FSS pricing is negotiated periodically with the Department of Veterans Affairs. FSS pricing is intended to not exceedthe price that a manufacturer charges its most-favored non-federal customer for its product. In addition, prices for drugs purchased by the Veterans Administration,Department of Defense (including drugs purchased by military personnel and dependents through the TRICARE retail pharmacy program), Coast Guard, and PHSare subject to a cap on pricing (known as the “federal ceiling price”) and may be subject to an additional discount if pricing increases more than inflation.To maintain coverage of drugs under the Medicaid Drug Rebate Program, manufacturers are required to extend discounts to certain purchasers under thePHS pharmaceutical pricing program. Purchasers eligible for discounts include hospitals that serve a disproportionate share of financially needy patients,community health clinics and other entities that receive health services grants from the PHS.The United States and state governments continue to propose and pass legislation designed to reduce the cost of healthcare. In March 2010, the UnitedStates Congress enacted the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act and the Health Care and Education Reconciliation Act, or the Affordable Care Act, whichincluded changes to the coverage and payment for drug products under government health care programs. In January 2017, Congress voted to adopt a budgetresolution for fiscal year 2017, or the Budget Resolution, that authorizes the implementation of legislation that would repeal portions of the Affordable CareAct. The Budget Resolution is not a law, but it is widely viewed as the first step toward the passage of legislation that would repeal certain aspects of theAffordable Care Act. Further, on January 20, 2017, President Trump signed an Executive Order directing federal agencies with authorities and responsibilitiesunder the Affordable Care Act to waive, defer, grant exemptions from, or delay the implementation of any provision of the Affordable Care Act that would imposea fiscal or regulatory burden on states, individuals, healthcare providers, health insurers, or manufacturers of pharmaceuticals or medical devices. Congress alsocould consider subsequent legislation to replace elements of the Affordable Care Act that are repealed. Outside the United States, ensuring adequate coverage andpayment for our products will face challenges. Pricing of prescription pharmaceuticals is subject to governmental control in many countries. Pricing negotiationswith governmental authorities can extend well beyond the receipt of regulatory approval for a product and may require us to conduct a clinical trial that comparesthe cost effectiveness of our product candidates or products to other available therapies. The conduct of such a clinical trial could be expensive and result in delaysin our commercialization efforts. Third-party payors are challenging the prices charged for medical products and services, and many third-party payors limitreimbursement for newly-approved health care products. Recent budgetary pressures in many European Union countries are also causing governments to consideror implement various cost-containment measures, such as price freezes, increased price cuts and rebates. If budget pressures continue, governments may implementadditional cost-containment measures. Cost-control initiatives could decrease the price we might establish for products that we may develop or sell, which wouldresult in lower product revenues or royalties payable to us. There can be no assurance that any country that has price controls or reimbursement limitations forpharmaceutical products will allow favorable reimbursement and pricing arrangements for any of our products.Foreign RegulationIn addition to regulations in the United States, we expect to be subject to a variety of foreign regulations governing clinical trials and commercial sales anddistribution of our product candidates. Whether or not we obtain FDA approval for a product candidate, we must obtain approval from the comparable regulatoryauthorities of foreign countries or economic areas, such as the European Union, before we may commence clinical trials or market products in those countries orareas. The approval process and requirements governing the conduct of clinical trials, product licensing, pricing and reimbursement vary greatly from place toplace, and the time may be longer or shorter than that required for FDA approval.Certain countries outside of the United States have a process that requires the submission of a clinical trial application, or CTA, much like an IND prior tothe commencement of human clinical trials. In Europe, for example, a CTA must be submitted to the21 competent national health authority and to independent ethics committees in each country in which a company intends to conduct clinical trials. Once the CTA isapproved in accordance with a country’s requirement s, clinical trial development may proceed in that country. In all cases, the clinical trials must be conducted inaccordance with GCP and other applicable regulatory requirements.Under European Union regulatory systems, a company may submit marketing authorization applications either under a centralized or decentralizedprocedure. The centralized procedure is compulsory for medicinal products produced by biotechnology or those medicinal products containing new activesubstances for specific indications such as the treatment of AIDS, cancer, neurodegenerative disorders, diabetes, viral diseases and designated orphan medicines,and optional for other medicines which are highly innovative. Under the centralized procedure, a marketing application is submitted to the European MedicinesAgency, or EMA, where it will be evaluated by the Committee for Medicinal Products for Human Use and a favorable opinion typically results in the grant by theEuropean Commission of a single marketing authorization that is valid for all European Union member states within 67 days of receipt of the opinion. The initialmarketing authorization is valid for five years, but once renewed is usually valid for an unlimited period. As with accelerated approval in the U.S., c onditiona lmarketin g authorization in the European Union is permitted base d o n incomplet e clinica l dat a fo r a limite d numbe r o f medicina l product s fo r human use ,includin g product s designate d a s orpha n medicina l product s unde r EU law , i f (1 ) th e risk-benefi t balanc e o f th e produc t i s positive , (2 ) i t is likely thatthe applicant will be in a position to provide the required comprehensive clinical trial data, (3) unmet medical needs will be fulfilled and (4) th e benefi t t o publi chealt h o f th e immediat e availabilit y o n th e marke t o f th e medicina l produc t outweigh s th e ris k inheren t i n th e fac t that additiona l dat a ar e stil lrequired . Specifi c obligations , includin g wit h respec t t o th e completio n o f ongoin g o r ne w studies , an d wit h respec t t o the collectio n o fpharmacovigilanc e data , ma y b e specifie d i n th e conditiona l marketin g authorization . Conditiona l marketin g authorization s ar e vali d for on e yea r an dma y b e renewe d annually , i f th e risk-benefi t balanc e remain s positive , an d afte r a n assessmen t o f th e nee d fo r additiona l o r modified conditions.As in the United States, we may apply for designation of a product as an orphan drug for the treatment of a specific indication in the European Union beforethe application for marketing authorization is made. Orphan drugs in Europe enjoy economic and marketing benefits, including up to 11 years of exclusivity for theapproved indication unless another applicant can show that its product is safer, more effective or otherwise clinically superior to the orphan designated product. ThePRIority MEdicines, or PRIME, initiative was established by the EMA to help promote and foster the development of new medicines in the European Union thatdemonstrate potential for a major therapeutic advantage in areas of unmet medical need. Benefits from the PRIME designation include early confirmation ofpotential for accelerated assessment, early dialogue and increased interaction with relevant regulatory committees to discuss development options, scientific adviceat key development milestones, and proactive regulatory support from the EMA.Additional RegulationWe are also subject to regulation under the Occupational Safety and Health Act, the Environmental Protection Act, the Toxic Substances Control Act, theResource Conservation and Recovery Act and other present and potential federal, state or local regulations. These and other laws govern our use, handling anddisposal of various biological and chemical substances used in, and waste generated by, our operations. Our research and development involves the controlled useof hazardous materials, chemicals and viruses. Although we believe that our safety procedures for handling and disposing of such materials comply with thestandards prescribed by state and federal regulations, the risk of accidental contamination or injury from these materials cannot be completely eliminated. In theevent of such an accident, we could be held liable for any damages that result and any such liability could exceed our resources.There have been a number of federal and state proposals during the last few years regarding the pricing of pharmaceutical and biological products,government control and other changes to the healthcare system of the United States. It is uncertain what legislative proposals will be adopted or what actionsfederal, state or private payers for medical goods and services may take in response to any healthcare reform proposals or legislation. We cannot predict the effectmedical or healthcare reforms may have on our business, and no assurance can be given that any such reforms will not have a material adverse effect.ManufacturingOur initial strategy is to outsource the manufacturing of drug substance and drug product for our preclinical studies and clinical trials. We also outsourcefill-finish, packaging, labeling, storage, shipping and distribution. In selecting contract manufacturing organizations, or CMOs, to manufacture our productcandidates, we generally strive to select the CMO based on the particular technical needs of the product candidate. In addition, we aim to work with CMOs thatpossess the requisite scale, expertise and experience to support clinical as well as commercial product manufacturing. We are currently in the final stages oftransferring the manufacturing processes from MSK to our CMO. The transfer of manufacturing processes to our CMO includes modifications to the processes,improvements in the manufacturing process as well as product testing. Moreover, we are currently developing commercial-scale manufacturing processes forATA129 for the planned Phase 3 trials, with the proposed dose and schedule to be used in clinical practice and at a cost sufficient to support profitablecommercialization. We generated and evaluated data from new material22 manufactured by our CMO and initiated discussions with the F DA. We have been successful in producing ATA129 drug product and identified certain assays thatneed refinement prior to initiating the Phase 3 trials. We are refining these assays within our laboratories, manufacturing lots to further support comparabili tyevaluations and the Phase 3 trials, and expect to review these data in ongoing discussions with the FDA. We intend to build our own manufacturing facility to support commercialization of ATA129, if approved. In addition, we would expect our facility tosupport the supply needs for our other cellular therapy product candidates. We would expect to maintain our relationships with our CMOs in order to have twosources of supply. Our internal capabilities and experience in manufacturing encompass a broad range of activities including cell line development, processdevelopment, analytical development, formulation development, clinical and commercial scale GMP manufacturing, quality control and quality assurance. Throughhiring, we are building the internal technical expertise in the manufacture of cellular therapeutics. This breadth of experience will allow us to effectively overseeour own manufacturing facility as well as direct the activities of our contract manufacturers and testing facilities. Benefits of owning our own facility may includeimproved cost of goods, increased control and oversight of manufacturing and supply chain activities, greater control over maintenance and management ofproduction capacity across multiple products, development of redundant supply capabilities to reduce risk, and reduced reliance on third parties.Our T-cell product candidates require blood from healthy, consenting third-party donors as starting materials. The manufacturing process involves co-culturing and incubating viral or cancer specific antigen transformed B-cells collected from the blood of third party-donors with T-cells collected from the samedonor, all under GTPs. GTPs are FDA regulations and guidance documents that govern the methods used in, and the facilities and controls used for, themanufacture of human cells, tissues and cellular and tissue based products, or HCT/Ps, which are human cells or tissue intended for implantation, transplant,infusion or transfer into a human recipient. The primary intent of the GTP requirements is to ensure that cell and tissue based products are manufactured in amanner designed to prevent the introduction, transmission and spread of communicable disease. FDA regulations also require tissue establishments to register andlist their HCT/Ps with the FDA and, when applicable, to evaluate donors through screening and testing.Pursuant to our June 2015 license agreement with MSK, we acquired the right to use certain manufacturing process know-how related to producing clinicalresearch-related drug supply. This included materials to support the manufacturing of clinical trial material including key starting materials and intermediates aswell as existing inventory of clinical trial materials. We have also entered into a supply agreement with a third party to ensure we have the necessary blood donatedfrom healthy consenting third-party donors. EmployeesAs of February 15, 2017, we had 96 full-time employees consisting of clinical development, clinical science, regulatory affairs, portfolio leadership, medicalaffairs, technical operations, legal, finance and administration. We consider our relations with our employees to be good.Corporate InformationWe were incorporated in Delaware in 2012 and completed our initial public offering in October 2014. Our principal corporate offices are located at 611Gateway Blvd., Suite 900, South San Francisco, CA 94080 and our telephone number at that address is (650) 278-8930.Available InformationOur website address is www.atarabio.com. We file Annual Reports on Form 10-K, Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q, Current Reports on Form 8-K, proxystatements and other materials with the SEC. We are subject to the informational requirements of the Exchange Act and file or furnish reports, proxy statements,and other information with the SEC. Such reports and other information filed by the Company with the SEC are available free of charge on our website atinvestors.atarabio.com.The public may also read and copy any materials filed by Atara with the SEC at the SEC’s Public Reference Room at 100 F Street, NE, Room 1580,Washington, DC 20549. The public may obtain information on the operation of the Public Reference Room by calling the SEC at 1-800-SEC-0330. The SEC alsomaintains a website that contains reports, proxy and information statements and other information regarding issuers that file electronically with the SEC atwww.sec.gov. 23 Item 1A. Risk FactorsInvesting in our common stock involves a high degree of risk. You should carefully consider all of the risk factors and uncertainties described below, inaddition to the other information contained in this Annual Report on Form 10-K, including the section of this report titled “Management’s Discussion and Analysisof Financial Condition and Results of Operations” and our consolidated and combined financial statements and related notes, before investing in our commonstock. If any of the following risks materialize, our business, financial condition and results of operations could be seriously harmed. In these circumstances, themarket price of our common stock could decline, and you may lose all or a part of your investment.Risks Related to Our Financial Results and Capital NeedsWe have incurred substantial losses since our inception and anticipate that we will continue to incur substantial and increasing losses for the foreseeablefuture.We are a clinical-stage biopharmaceutical company. Investment in biopharmaceutical product development is highly speculative because it entailssubstantial upfront capital expenditures and significant risk that a product candidate will fail to prove effective, gain regulatory approval or become commerciallyviable. We do not have any products approved by regulatory authorities and have not generated any revenues from product sales to date, and have incurredsignificant research, development and other expenses related to our ongoing operations and expect to continue to incur such expenses. As a result, we have not beenprofitable and have incurred significant operating losses in every reporting period since our inception. For the year ended December 31, 2016, we reported a netloss of $79.0 million and we had an accumulated deficit of $177.2 million as of December 31, 2016.We do not expect to generate revenues for many years, if at all. We expect to continue to incur significant expenses and operating losses for the foreseeablefuture. We anticipate these losses to increase as we continue to research, develop and seek regulatory approvals for our product candidates and any additionalproduct candidates we may acquire, and potentially begin to commercialize product candidates that may achieve regulatory approval. We may encounterunforeseen expenses, difficulties, complications, delays and other unknown factors that may adversely affect our business. The size of our future net losses willdepend, in part, on the rate of future growth of our expenses and our ability to generate revenues. If any of our product candidates fails in clinical trials or does notgain regulatory approval, or if approved, fails to achieve market acceptance, we may never become profitable. Even if we achieve profitability in the future, wemay not be able to sustain profitability in subsequent periods. We anticipate that our expenses will increase in the future as we continue to invest in research anddevelopment of our existing product candidates, investigate and potentially acquire new product candidates and expand our manufacturing and commercializationactivities.We have a limited operating history, which may make it difficult for you to evaluate the success of our business to date and to assess our future viability.Our company was formed in August 2012. Our operations to date have been limited to organizing and staffing our company, acquiring product andtechnology rights and conducting product development activities for our product candidates. We have not yet demonstrated our ability to successfully complete anyPhase 2 or Phase 3 clinical trials, obtain regulatory approval, manufacture a commercial scale product or arrange for a third party to do so on our behalf, or conductsales and marketing activities necessary for successful commercialization for any of our product candidates. In addition, the adoptive immunotherapy technologyunderlying our T-cell product candidates is new and largely unproven. Any predictions about our future success, performance or viability, particularly in view ofthe rapidly evolving cancer immunotherapy field, may not be as accurate as they could be if we had a longer operating history or approved products on the market.In addition, as a young business, we may encounter unforeseen expenses, difficulties, complications, delays and other known and unknown factors. We willneed to transition at some point from a company with a research and development focus to a company capable of supporting commercial activities. We may not besuccessful in such a transition. We expect our financial condition and operating results to continue to fluctuate significantly from quarter to quarter and year to yeardue to a variety of factors, many of which are beyond our control. Accordingly, any of our quarterly or annual periods’ results are not indicative of future operatingperformance.24 We currently have no source of revenues. We may never generate revenues or achieve profitability.To date, we have not generated any revenues from product sales or otherwise. Even if we are able to successfully achieve regulatory approval for ourproduct candidates, we do not know when we will generate revenues or become profitable, if at all. Our ability to generate revenues from product sales and achieveprofitability will depend on our ability to successfully commercialize products, including any of our current product candidates, and other product candidates thatwe may develop, in-license or acquire in the future. Our ability to generate revenues and achieve profitability also depends on a number of additional factors,including our ability to: •successfully complete development activities, including the necessary clinical trials; •complete and submit BLAs to the FDA and obtain U.S. regulatory approval for indications for which there is a commercial market; •complete and submit applications to, and obtain regulatory approval from, foreign regulatory authorities in Europe, Asia and other jurisdictions; •obtain coverage and adequate reimbursement from third parties, including government and private payors; •set commercially viable prices for our products, if any; •establish and maintain supply and manufacturing relationships with reliable third parties and/or build our own manufacturing facility and ensureadequate, legally globally compliant manufacturing of bulk drug substances and drug products to maintain that supply; •develop manufacturing and distribution processes for our novel T-cell product candidates; •develop commercial quantities of our products at acceptable cost levels; •achieve market acceptance of our products, if any; •attract, hire and retain qualified personnel; •protect our rights in our intellectual property portfolio; •develop a commercial organization capable of sales, marketing and distribution for any products we intend to sell ourselves in the markets in whichwe choose to commercialize on our own; and •find suitable distribution partners to help us market, sell and distribute our approved products in other markets.Our revenues for any product candidate for which regulatory approval is obtained will be dependent, in part, upon the size of the markets in the territoriesfor which we gain regulatory approval, the accepted price for the product, the ability to get reimbursement at any price, and whether we own the commercial rightsfor that territory. If the number of our addressable disease patients is not as significant as we estimate, the indication approved by regulatory authorities is narrowerthan we expect, or the reasonably accepted population for treatment is narrowed by competition, physician choice or treatment guidelines, we may not generatesignificant revenues from sales of such products, even if approved. In addition, we anticipate incurring significant costs associated with commercializing anyapproved product candidate. As a result, even if we generate revenues, we may not become profitable and may need to obtain additional funding to continueoperations. If we fail to become profitable or are unable to sustain profitability on a continuing basis, then we may be unable to continue our operations at plannedlevels and may be forced to reduce our operations.We will require substantial additional financing to achieve our goals, and a failure to obtain this necessary capital when needed could force us to delay, limit,reduce or terminate our product development or commercialization efforts.We expect to expend substantial resources for the foreseeable future to continue the clinical development and manufacturing of T-cell product candidates,and the advancement and expansion of our preclinical research pipeline. We also expect to expend resources for the development and manufacturing of productcandidates and the technology we recently licensed from QIMR Berghofer. These expenditures will include costs associated with research and development,potentially acquiring new product candidates or technologies, conducting preclinical studies and clinical trials and potentially obtaining regulatory approvals andmanufacturing products, as well as marketing and selling products approved for sale, if any. Under the terms of our license agreement with MSK, we are obligatedto make payments upon the achievement of certain development, regulatory and commercial milestones. In addition, other unanticipated costs may arise. Becausethe design and outcome of our planned and anticipated clinical trials is highly uncertain, we cannot reasonably estimate the actual amounts necessary tosuccessfully complete the development and commercialization of our product candidates.25 Our future capital requirements depend on many factors, including: •the scope, progress, results and costs of researching and developing our product candidates, and conducting preclinical studies and clinical trials; •the timing of, and the costs involved in, obtaining regulatory approvals for our product candidates if clinical trials are successful; •the cost of commercialization activities for our product candidates, if any of these product candidates is approved for sale, including marketing, salesand distribution costs; •the cost of manufacturing our product candidates for clinical trials in preparation for regulatory approval and in preparation for commercialization; •our ability to establish and maintain strategic licensing or other arrangements and the financial terms of such agreements; •the costs to in-license future product candidates or technologies; •the costs involved in preparing, filing, prosecuting, maintaining, expanding, defending and enforcing patent claims, including litigation costs and theoutcome of such litigation; •the timing, receipt and amount of sales of, or royalties on, our future products, if any; and •the emergence of competing technologies or other adverse market developments.We believe that our existing cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments will be sufficient to fund our planned operations into the first quarter of2019. As of December 31, 2016, we had total cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments of $255.7 million. However, our operating plan may change as aresult of many factors currently unknown to us, and we may need additional funds sooner than planned. In addition, we may seek additional capital due to favorablemarket conditions or strategic considerations even if we believe we have sufficient funds for our current or future operating plans. We do not have any committedexternal source of funds. Additional funds may not be available when we need them on terms that are acceptable to us, or at all. If adequate funds are not availableto us on a timely basis, we may be required to delay, limit, reduce or terminate preclinical studies, clinical trials or other development activities for one or more ofour product candidates or delay, limit, reduce or terminate our establishment of sales and marketing capabilities or other activities that may be necessary tocommercialize our product candidates.Raising additional capital may cause dilution to our existing stockholders, restrict our operations or require us to relinquish rights to our product candidateson unfavorable terms to us.We may seek additional capital through a variety of means, including through private and public equity offerings and debt financings. To the extent that weraise additional capital through the sale of equity or convertible debt securities, your ownership interest will be diluted, and the terms may include liquidation orother preferences that adversely affect your rights as a stockholder. Debt financing, if available, may involve agreements that include covenants limiting orrestricting our ability to take certain actions, such as incurring additional debt, making capital expenditures, entering into licensing arrangements, or declaringdividends. If we raise additional funds from third parties, we may have to relinquish valuable rights to our technologies or product candidates, or grant licenses onterms that are not favorable to us. If we are unable to raise additional funds through equity or debt financing when needed, we may be required to delay, limit,reduce or terminate our product development or commercialization efforts for our product candidates, or grant to others the rights to develop and market productcandidates that we would otherwise prefer to develop and market ourselves.Risks Related to the Development of Our Product CandidatesWe are very early in our development efforts and have only four product candidates in clinical development. All of our other product candidates are still inpreclinical development. If we or our collaborators are unable to successfully develop and commercialize product candidates or experience significant delays indoing so, our business may be materially harmed.We are very early in our development efforts. We have a number of product candidates in clinical development. All of our other product candidates arecurrently in preclinical development. We have invested substantially all of our efforts and financial resources in identifying and developing potential productcandidates and conducting preclinical studies, clinical trials and manufacturing activities. Our ability to generate revenues, which we do not expect will occur formany years, if ever, will depend heavily on the successful development and eventual commercialization of our product candidates. The success of our productcandidates will depend on several factors, including the following: •completion of preclinical studies and clinical trials with positive results; •receipt of regulatory approvals from applicable authorities;26 •obtaining and maintaining patent and trade secret protection and regulatory exclusivity for our product candidates; •establishing or making arrangements with third-party manufacturers or building our own manufacturing facility for commercial manufacturingpurposes; •developing manufacturing and distribution processes for our novel T-cell product candidates; •manufacturing our product candidates at an acceptable cost; •launching commercial sales of our product candidates, if approved, whether alone or in collaboration with others; •acceptance of the product candidates, if approved, by patients, the medical community and third-party payors; •effectively competing with other therapies; •obtaining and maintaining coverage and adequate reimbursement by third-party payors, including government payors, for our product candidates; •protecting our rights in our intellectual property portfolio; •maintaining a continued acceptable safety profile of the products following approval; and •maintaining and growing an organization of scientists and business people who can develop and commercialize our products and technology.For example, in December 2015, we announced that our Phase 2 proof-of-concept trial of PINTA 745 did not meet its primary endpoint, and we suspendedfurther development of PINTA 745 and ATA 842, a compound that is related to PINTA 745. If we do not achieve one or more of these factors in a timely manneror at all, we could experience significant delays or an inability to successfully develop and commercialize our product candidates, which could materially harm ourbusiness.Our future success is dependent on the regulatory approval of our product candidates.We do not have any products that have gained regulatory approval. Currently, our only clinical-stage product candidates are ATA129, which is moving toPhase 3 clinical trials, ATA230, which are in Phase 2 clinical trials, and ATA520, which is moving into Phase 1/2 clinical trials. Our business is substantiallydependent on our ability to obtain regulatory approval for, and, if approved, to successfully commercialize our product candidates in a timely manner. We cannotcommercialize product candidates in the United States without first obtaining regulatory approval for the product from the FDA; similarly, we cannotcommercialize product candidates outside of the United States without obtaining regulatory approval from comparable foreign regulatory authorities. Beforeobtaining regulatory approvals for the commercial sale of any product candidate for a target indication, we must demonstrate with substantial evidence gathered inpreclinical studies and clinical trials, generally including two well-controlled Phase 3 trials, that the product candidate is safe and effective for use for that targetindication and that the manufacturing facilities, processes and controls are adequate with respect to such product candidate.The time required to obtain approval by the FDA and comparable foreign regulatory authorities is unpredictable but typically takes many years followingthe commencement of preclinical studies and clinical trials and depends upon numerous factors, including the substantial discretion of the regulatory authorities. Inaddition, approval policies, regulations, or the type and amount of clinical data necessary to gain approval may change during the course of a product candidate’sclinical development and may vary among jurisdictions. We have not obtained regulatory approval for any product candidate and it is possible that none of ourexisting product candidates or any future product candidates will ever obtain regulatory approval.Our product candidates could fail to receive regulatory approval from the FDA or a comparable foreign regulatory authority for many reasons, including: •disagreement with the design or implementation of our clinical trials; •failure to demonstrate that a product candidate is safe and effective for its proposed indication; •failure of clinical trials to meet the level of statistical significance required for approval; •failure to demonstrate that a product candidate’s clinical and other benefits outweigh its safety risks; •disagreement with our interpretation of data from preclinical studies or clinical trials; •the insufficiency of data collected from clinical trials of our product candidates to support the submission and filing of a BLA or other submission orto obtain regulatory approval;27 •failure to obtain approval of our manufacturing processes or facilities of third-par ty manufacturers with whom we contract for clinical andcommercial supplies or our own manufacturing facility; or •changes in the approval policies or regulations that render our preclinical and clinical data insufficient for approval.The FDA or a comparable foreign regulatory authority may require more information, including additional preclinical or clinical data to support approval,which may delay or prevent approval and our commercialization plans, or we may decide to abandon the development program. If we were to obtain approval,regulatory authorities may approve any of our product candidates for fewer or more limited indications than we request (including failing to approve the mostcommercially promising indications), may grant approval contingent on the performance of costly post-marketing clinical trials, or may approve a productcandidate with a label that does not include the labeling claims necessary or desirable for the successful commercialization of that product candidate.Even if a product candidate were to successfully obtain approval from the FDA and comparable foreign regulatory authorities, any approval might containsignificant limitations related to use restrictions for specified age groups, warnings, precautions or contraindications, or may be subject to burdensome post-approval study or risk management requirements. If we are unable to obtain regulatory approval for one of our product candidates in one or more jurisdictions, orany approval contains significant limitations, we may not be able to obtain sufficient funding to continue the development of that product or generate revenuesattributable to that product candidate. Also, any regulatory approval of our current or future product candidates, once obtained, may be withdrawn.Our T-cell product candidates, ATA129, ATA188, ATA520 and ATA230, represent new therapeutic approaches that present significant challenges.Our future success is dependent in part on the successful development of T-cell immunotherapies in general and our product candidates in particular.Because these programs represent a new approach to immunotherapy for the treatment of cancer and other diseases, developing and commercializing our productcandidates subject us to a number of challenges, including: •obtaining regulatory approval from the FDA and other regulatory authorities, which have very limited experience with the development andcommercialization of T-cell therapies; •developing and deploying consistent and reliable processes for procuring blood from consenting third-party donors, isolating T-cells from the bloodof such donors, activating the isolated T-cells against a specific antigen, characterizing and storing the resulting activated T-cells for futuretherapeutic use, selecting and delivering an appropriate partially HLA matched cell line from among the available T-cell lines, and finally infusingthese activated T-cells into patients; •utilizing these product candidates in combination with other therapies, which may increase the risk of adverse side effects; •educating medical personnel regarding the potential side effect profile of each of our product candidates; •developing processes for the safe administration of these products, including long-term follow-up for all patients who receive these productcandidates; •sourcing clinical and, if approved, commercial supplies for the materials used to manufacture and process these product candidates; •developing a manufacturing process and distribution network that can provide a stable supply with a cost of goods that allows for an attractive returnon investment; •establishing sales and marketing capabilities after obtaining any regulatory approval to gain market acceptance, and obtaining adequate coverage,reimbursement and pricing by third-party payors and government authorities; and •developing therapies for types of diseases beyond those initially addressed by our current product candidates.We cannot be sure that the manufacturing processes used in connection with our T-cell product candidates will yield satisfactory products that are safe andeffective, comparable to those T-cells produced by MSK historically, scalable or profitable.Moreover, public perception of safety issues, including adoption of new therapeutics or novel approaches to treatment, may adversely influence thewillingness of subjects to participate in clinical trials, or if approved, of physicians to subscribe to the novel treatment mechanics. Physicians, hospitals and third-party payors often are slow to adopt new products, technologies and treatment practices that require additional upfront costs and training. Physicians may not bewilling to undergo training to adopt this novel therapy, may decide the therapy is too complex to adopt without appropriate training and may choose not toadminister the therapy. Based on these and other factors, hospitals and payors may decide that the benefits of this new therapy do not or will not outweigh its costs.28 The results of preclinical studies or earlier clinical trials are not necessarily predictive of fu ture results. Our existing product candidates in clinical trials, andany other product candidate we advance into clinical trials, may not have favorable results in later clinical trials or receive regulatory approval.Success in preclinical studies and early clinical trials does not ensure that later clinical trials will generate adequate data to demonstrate the efficacy andsafety of an investigational drug. A number of companies in the pharmaceutical and biotechnology industries, including those with greater resources and experiencethan us, have suffered significant setbacks in clinical trials, even after seeing promising results in earlier preclinical studies or clinical trials. For example, inDecember 2015, we announced that our Phase 2 proof-of-concept trial of PINTA 745 did not meet its primary endpoint even though earlier clinical trials andpreclinical studies had indicated that it might be effective to treat protein energy wasting in patients with end stage renal disease. Despite the results reported inearlier preclinical studies or clinical trials for our product candidates, we do not know whether the clinical trials we may conduct will demonstrate adequate efficacyand safety to result in regulatory approval to market ATA129, ATA520, ATA188, ATA230 or any of our other product candidates in any particular jurisdiction.For example, ATA129 has only been evaluated in a single-center trial under investigator-sponsored INDs held by MSK, utilizing a different response criteria andendpoints from those we may utilize in later clinical trials. The findings may not be reproducible in multi-center trials we conduct. In addition, the Phase 2 clinicaltrials with ATA129 enrolled a heterogeneous group of patients with a variety of EBV-associated malignancies, including but not limited to EBV-PTLD after HCTand EBV-PTLD after SOT. These Phase 2 trials were not prospectively designed to evaluate the efficacy of ATA129 in the treatment of a single disease state forwhich we may later seek approval. Efficacy data from prospectively designed trials may differ significantly from those obtained from retrospective subgroupanalyses. If later-stage clinical trials do not produce favorable results, our ability to achieve regulatory approval for any of our product candidates may be adverselyimpacted. Even if we believe that we have adequate data to support an application for regulatory approval to market any of our product candidates, the FDA orother regulatory authorities may not agree and may require that we conduct additional clinical trials.Clinical drug development involves a lengthy and expensive process with an uncertain outcome.Clinical testing is expensive and can take many years to complete, and its outcome is inherently uncertain. Failure can occur at any time during the clinicaltrial process. Product candidates in later stages of clinical trials may fail to show the desired safety and efficacy traits despite having progressed through preclinicaland clinical trials.We may experience delays in our ongoing or future clinical trials and we do not know whether planned clinical trials will begin or enroll subjects on time,will need to be redesigned or will be completed on schedule, if at all. There can be no assurance that the FDA will not put clinical trials of any of our productcandidates on clinical hold in the future. Clinical trials may be delayed, suspended or prematurely terminated for a variety of reasons, such as: •delay or failure in reaching agreement with the FDA or a comparable foreign regulatory authority on a trial design that we are able to execute; •delay or failure in obtaining authorization to commence a trial or inability to comply with conditions imposed by a regulatory authority regarding thescope or design of a trial; •delay or failure in reaching agreement on acceptable terms with prospective contract research organizations, or CROs, and clinical trial sites, theterms of which can be subject to extensive negotiation and may vary significantly among different CROs and trial sites; •delay or failure in obtaining institutional review board, or IRB, approval or the approval of other reviewing entities, including comparable foreignregulatory authorities, to conduct a clinical trial at each site; •withdrawal of clinical trial sites from our clinical trials or the ineligibility of a site to participate in our clinical trials; •delay or failure in recruiting and enrolling suitable subjects to participate in a trial; •delay or failure in subjects completing a trial or returning for post-treatment follow-up; •clinical sites and investigators deviating from trial protocol, failing to conduct the trial in accordance with regulatory requirements, or dropping outof a trial; •inability to identify and maintain a sufficient number of trial sites, many of which may already be engaged in other clinical trial programs, includingsome that may be for the same indication; •failure of our third-party clinical trial managers to satisfy their contractual duties, meet expected deadlines or return trustworthy data; •delay or failure in adding new trial sites; •interim results or data that are ambiguous or negative or are inconsistent with earlier results or data;29 •feedback from the FDA, the IRB, data safety monitoring boards or a comparable foreign regulatory authority, or r esults from earlier stage orconcurrent preclinical studies and clinical trials, that might require modification to the protocol for a trial; •a decision by the FDA, the IRB, a comparable foreign regulatory authority, or us, or a recommendation by a data safety monitoring board orcomparable foreign regulatory authority, to suspend or terminate clinical trials at any time for safety issues or for any other reason; •unacceptable risk-benefit profile, unforeseen safety issues or adverse side effects; •failure to demonstrate a benefit from using a product candidate; •difficulties in manufacturing or obtaining from third parties sufficient quantities of a product candidate to start or to use in clinical trials; •lack of adequate funding to continue a trial, including the incurrence of unforeseen costs due to enrollment delays, requirements to conductadditional studies or increased expenses associated with the services of our CROs and other third parties; or •changes in governmental regulations or administrative actions or lack of adequate funding to continue a clinical trial.Patient enrollment, a significant factor in the timing of clinical trials, is affected by many factors including the size and nature of the patient population, theseverity of the disease under investigation, the proximity of subjects to clinical sites, the patient referral practices of physicians, the eligibility criteria for the trial,the design of the clinical trial, ability to obtain and maintain patient consents, risk that enrolled subjects will drop out or die before completion, competition forpatients from other clinical trials, competing clinical trials and clinicians’ and patients’ perceptions as to the potential advantages and risks of the drug being studiedin relation to other available therapies, including any new drugs that may be approved for the indications we are investigating. We may not be able to initiate orcontinue to support clinical trials of ATA129, ATA520, ATA230 or any future product candidates if we are unable to locate and enroll a sufficient number ofeligible participants in these trials as required by the FDA or other regulatory authorities. Even if we are able to enroll a sufficient number of patients in our clinicaltrials, if the pace of enrollment is slower than we expect, the development costs for our product candidates may increase and the completion of our trials may bedelayed or our trials could become too expensive to complete. We rely on CROs, other vendors and clinical trial sites to ensure the proper and timely conduct ofour clinical trials, and while we have agreements governing their committed activities, we have limited influence over their actual performance.If we experience delays in the completion or termination of any clinical trial of our product candidates, the approval and commercial prospects of suchproduct candidate will be harmed, and our ability to generate product revenues from such product candidate will be delayed. In addition, any delays in completingour clinical trials will increase our costs, slow down our product candidate development and approval process and jeopardize our ability to commence product salesand generate revenues. Any delays in completing our clinical trials for our product candidates may also decrease the period of commercial exclusivity. In addition,many of the factors that could cause a delay in the commencement or completion of clinical trials may also ultimately lead to the denial of regulatory approval ofour product candidates.Our product candidates, the methods used to deliver them or their dosage levels may cause undesirable side effects or have other properties that could delay orprevent their regulatory approval, limit the commercial profile of an approved label or result in significant negative consequences following any regulatoryapproval.Undesirable side effects caused by our product candidates, their delivery methods or dosage levels could cause us or regulatory authorities to interrupt, delayor halt clinical trials and could result in a more restrictive label or the delay or denial of regulatory approval by the FDA or other comparable foreign regulatoryauthority. For example, hypoxia has been observed in some patients receiving ATA230 for the treatment of their CMV pneumonitis. As a result of safety ortoxicity issues that we may experience in our clinical trials, we may not receive approval to market any product candidates, which could prevent us from evergenerating revenues or achieving profitability. Results of our trials could reveal an unacceptably high severity and incidence of side effects. In such an event, ourtrials could be suspended or terminated and the FDA or comparable foreign regulatory authorities could order us to cease further development of or deny approvalof our product candidates for any or all targeted indications. The drug-related side effects could affect patient recruitment or the ability of enrolled subjects tocomplete the trial or result in potential product liability claims. Any of these occurrences may have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations,financial condition, cash flows and future prospects.30 Additionally, if any of our product candidates receives regulatory approval, and we or others later identify undesirable side effects caused b y such product,a number of potentially significant negative consequences could result, including that: •we may be forced to suspend marketing of such product; •regulatory authorities may withdraw their approvals of such product; •regulatory authorities may require additional warnings on the label that could diminish the usage or otherwise limit the commercial success of suchproducts; •we may be required to conduct post-marketing studies; •we may be required to change the way the product is administered; •we could be sued and held liable for harm caused to subjects or patients; and •our reputation may suffer.Any of these events could prevent us from achieving or maintaining market acceptance of the particular product candidate, if approved.We may not be able to obtain orphan drug exclusivity for our product candidates.Regulatory authorities in some jurisdictions, including the United States and Europe, may designate drugs for relatively small patient populations as orphandrugs. Under the Orphan Drug Act, the FDA may designate a product as an orphan drug if it is a drug intended to treat a rare disease or condition, which isgenerally defined as a patient population of fewer than 200,000 individuals annually in the United States. Both the FDA and the EMA have granted us orphan statusfor ATA129 for EBV-PTLD after HCT or SOT. Recently, the EMA also granted us orphan status for ATA230 for CMV infection in patients with impaired cell-mediated immunity.Generally, if a product with an orphan drug designation subsequently receives the first regulatory approval for the indication for which it has suchdesignation, the product is entitled to a period of marketing exclusivity, which precludes the EMA or the FDA from approving another marketing application forthe same drug for that time period. The applicable period is seven years in the United States and ten years in Europe. The European exclusivity period can bereduced to six years if a drug no longer meets the criteria for orphan drug designation or if the drug is sufficiently profitable so that market exclusivity is no longerjustified. Orphan drug exclusivity may be lost if the FDA or EMA determines that the request for designation was materially defective or if the manufacturer isunable to assure sufficient quantity of the drug to meet the needs of patients with the rare disease or condition.Even if we obtain orphan drug exclusivity for a product, that exclusivity may not effectively protect the product from competition because different drugscan be approved for the same condition. Even after an orphan drug is approved, the FDA can subsequently approve a new drug for the same condition if the FDAconcludes that the later drug is clinically superior in that it is shown to be safer, more effective or makes a major contribution to patient care.Failure to obtain regulatory approval in international jurisdictions would prevent our product candidates from being marketed abroad.In addition to regulations in the United States, to market and sell our products in the European Union, many Asian countries and other jurisdictions, we mustobtain separate regulatory approvals and comply with numerous and varying regulatory requirements. The approval procedure varies among countries and caninvolve additional testing. The time required to obtain approval may differ substantially from that required to obtain FDA approval. The regulatory approvalprocess outside the United States generally includes all of the risks associated with obtaining FDA approval. Clinical trials accepted in one country may not beaccepted by regulatory authorities in other countries. In addition, many countries outside the United States require that a product be approved for reimbursementbefore it can be approved for sale in that country. A product candidate that has been approved for sale in a particular country may not receive reimbursementapproval in that country. We may not be able to obtain approvals from regulatory authorities outside the United States on a timely basis, if at all. Approval by theFDA does not ensure approval by regulatory authorities in other countries or jurisdictions, and approval by one regulatory authority outside the United States doesnot ensure approval by regulatory authorities in other countries or jurisdictions or by the FDA. We may not be able to file for regulatory approvals and may notreceive necessary approvals to commercialize our products in any market. If we are unable to obtain approval of any of our product candidates by regulatoryauthorities in the European Union, Asia or elsewhere, the commercial prospects of that product candidate may be significantly diminished, our business prospectscould decline and this could materially adversely affect our business, results of operations and financial condition.31 Even if our product candidates receive regulatory approval, they may still face future development and regulatory difficulties.Even if we obtain regulatory approval for a product candidate, it would be subject to ongoing requirements by the FDA and comparable foreign regulatoryauthorities governing the manufacture, quality control, further development, labeling, packaging, storage, distribution, adverse event reporting, safety surveillance,import, export, advertising, promotion, recordkeeping and reporting of safety and other post-marketing information. These requirements include submissions ofsafety and other post-marketing information and reports, registration, as well as continued compliance by us and/or our contract manufacturing organizations, orCMOs, and CROs for any post-approval clinical trials that we conduct. The safety profile of any product will continue to be closely monitored by the FDA andcomparable foreign regulatory authorities after approval. If the FDA or comparable foreign regulatory authorities become aware of new safety information afterapproval of any of our product candidates, they may require labeling changes or establishment of a risk evaluation and mitigation strategy, impose significantrestrictions on a product’s indicated uses or marketing or impose ongoing requirements for potentially costly post-approval studies or post-market surveillance.In addition, manufacturers of drug products and their facilities are subject to continual review and periodic inspections by the FDA and other regulatoryauthorities for compliance with current good manufacturing practices, or cGMP, current Good Clinical Practices, or GCP, current good tissue practices, or cGTP,and other regulations. If we or a regulatory agency discover previously unknown problems with a product, such as adverse events of unanticipated severity orfrequency, or problems with the facility where the product is manufactured, a regulatory agency may impose restrictions on that product, the manufacturing facilityor us, including requiring recall or withdrawal of the product from the market or suspension of manufacturing. If we, our product candidates or the manufacturingfacilities for our product candidates fail to comply with applicable regulatory requirements, a regulatory agency may: •issue warning letters or untitled letters; •mandate modifications to promotional materials or require us to provide corrective information to healthcare practitioners; •require us to enter into a consent decree, which can include imposition of various fines, reimbursements for inspection costs, required due dates forspecific actions and penalties for noncompliance; •seek an injunction or impose civil or criminal penalties or monetary fines; •suspend or withdraw regulatory approval; •suspend any ongoing clinical trials; •refuse to approve pending applications or supplements to applications filed by us; •suspend or impose restrictions on operations, including costly new manufacturing requirements; or •seize or detain products, refuse to permit the import or export of products, or require us to initiate a product recall.The occurrence of any event or penalty described above may inhibit our ability to successfully commercialize our products and generate revenues.Advertising and promotion of any product candidate that obtains approval in the United States will be heavily scrutinized by the FDA, the Department ofJustice, or the DOJ, the Office of Inspector General of the Department of Health and Human Services, or HHS, state attorneys general, members of Congress andthe public. Additionally, advertising and promotion of any product candidate that obtains approval outside of the United States will be heavily scrutinized bycomparable foreign regulatory authorities. Violations, including actual or alleged promotion of our products for unapproved or off-label uses, are subject toenforcement letters, inquiries and investigations, and civil and criminal sanctions by the FDA. Any actual or alleged failure to comply with labeling and promotionrequirements may have a negative impact on our business.Regulations, guidelines and recommendations published by various government agencies and organizations may affect the use of our product candidates.Although treatment with EBV specific T-cells is recognized as a recommended treatment for persistent or progressive EBV-PTLD as set forth in the 2017National Comprehensive Cancer Network Guidelines, future guidelines from governmental agencies, professional societies, practice management groups, privatehealth/science foundations and organizations involved in various diseases may relate to such matters as product usage, dosage, and route of administration and useof related or competing therapies. Changes to these recommendations or other guidelines advocating alternative therapies could result in decreased use of ourproduct candidates, which may adversely affect our results of operations.32 We may not successfully identify, acquire, develop or commercialize new potential product candidates.Part of our business strategy is to expand our product candidate pipeline by identifying and validating new product candidates, which we may developourselves, in-license or otherwise acquire from others. In addition, in the event that our existing product candidates do not receive regulatory approval or are notsuccessfully commercialized, then the success of our business will depend on our ability to expand our product pipeline through in-licensing or other acquisitions.We may be unable to identify relevant product candidates. If we do identify such product candidates, we may be unable to reach acceptable terms with any thirdparty from which we desire to in-license or acquire them.We may not realize the benefits of strategic alliances that we may form in the future.We may form strategic alliances, create joint ventures or collaborations or enter into licensing arrangements with third parties that we believe willcomplement or augment our existing business. These relationships, or those like them, may require us to incur nonrecurring and other charges, increase our near-and long-term expenditures, issue securities that dilute our existing stockholders or disrupt our management and business. In addition, we face significantcompetition in seeking appropriate strategic alliances and the negotiation process is time-consuming and complex. Moreover, we may not be successful in ourefforts to establish a strategic alliance or other alternative arrangements for any future product candidates and programs because our research and developmentpipeline may be insufficient, our product candidates and programs may be deemed to be at too early a stage of development for collaborative effort and third partiesmay not view our product candidates and programs as having the requisite potential to demonstrate safety and efficacy. If we license products or acquirebusinesses, we may not be able to realize the benefit of such transactions if we are unable to successfully integrate them with our existing operations and companyculture. We cannot be certain that, following a strategic transaction or license, we will achieve the revenues or specific net income that justifies such transaction.Any delays in entering into new strategic alliances agreements related to our product candidates could also delay the development and commercialization of ourproduct candidates and reduce their competitiveness even if they reach the market.Risks Related to ManufacturingWe are subject to a multitude of manufacturing risks, any of which could substantially increase our costs and limit supply of our product candidates.Concurrent with the license of our existing product candidates, we acquired manufacturing process know-how and certain intermediates, as well as certainsupplies intended for clinical use, from MSK. To facilitate the manufacture of additional drug substance and drug product for our preclinical studies and clinicaltrials using this manufacturing testing and process know-how, we undertook the process of transferring this know-how to our CMO. We are in the final stages ofthe transfer of this know-how received from MSK to our CMO. Transferring manufacturing testing and processes and know-how is complex and involves reviewand incorporation of both documented and undocumented processes that may have evolved over time. In addition, transferring production to different facilitiesmay require utilization of new or different processes to meet the specific requirements of a given facility. We and our CMOs will need to conduct significantdevelopment work to transfer these processes and manufacture each of our product candidates for studies, trials and commercial launch readiness. We cannot becertain that all relevant know-how has been adequately incorporated into the manufacturing process until the completion of studies (and the related evaluations)intended to demonstrate the comparability of material previously produced by MSK with that generated by our CMO. The inability to manufacture comparabledrug substance by us or at our CMOs could delay the continued development of our product candidates.The processes by which our product candidates are manufactured were initially developed by MSK for clinical purposes. We intend to evolve these existingprocesses for more advanced clinical trials or commercialization. Developing commercially viable manufacturing processes is a difficult and uncertain task, andthere are risks associated with scaling to the level required for advanced clinical trials or commercialization, including cost overruns, potential problems withprocess scale-up, process reproducibility, stability issues, consistency and timely availability of reagents or raw materials. The manufacturing facilities in which ourproduct candidates will be made could be adversely affected by earthquakes and other natural disasters, equipment failures, labor shortages, power failures, andnumerous other factors.33 Additionally, the process of manufacturing biologics and cellular therapies is complex, highly regulated and subject to several risks, including but notlimited to: •the process of manufacturing biologics and cellular therapies is extremely susceptible to product loss due to contamination, equipment failure orimproper installation or operation of equipment, or vendor or operator error. Even minor deviations from normal manufacturing and distributionprocesses for any of our product candidates could result in reduced production yields, product defects, and other supply disruptions. Product defectscan also occur unexpectedly. If microbial, viral, or other contaminations are discovered in our product candidates or in the manufacturing facilities inwhich our product candidates are made, such manufacturing facilities may need to be closed for an extended period of time to allow us to investigateand remedy the contamination; and •because T-cell product candidates are manufactured from the blood of third-party donors, the process of manufacturing is susceptible to theavailability of the third-party donor material. The process of developing products that can be commercialized may be particularly challenging, evenif they otherwise prove to be safe and effective. The manufacture of these product candidates involves complex processes. Some of these processesrequire specialized equipment and highly skilled and trained personnel. The process of manufacturing these product candidates will be susceptible toadditional risks, given the need to maintain aseptic conditions throughout the manufacturing process. Contamination in the donor material or ingressof microbiological material at any point in the process may result in contaminated or unusable product. Such contaminations could result in delays inthe manufacture of products which could result in delays in the development of our product candidates. Furthermore, the product ultimately consistsof many individual cell lines, each with a different HLA profile. As a result, the selection and distribution of the appropriate cell line for therapeuticuse in a patient will require close coordination between clinical and manufacturing personnel. Any adverse developments affecting manufacturing operations for our product candidates may result in shipment delays, inventory shortages, lot failures,withdrawals or recalls or other interruptions in the supply of our drug substance and drug product which could delay the development of our product candidates.We may also have to write off inventory, incur other charges and expenses for supply of drug product that fails to meet specifications, undertake costly remediationefforts, or seek more costly manufacturing alternatives. Inability to meet the demand for our product candidates could damage our reputation and the reputation ofour products among physicians, healthcare payors, patients or the medical community, and cancer treatment centers, which could adversely affect our ability tooperate our business and our results of operations.We intend to manufacture at least a portion of our product candidates ourselves. Delays in building, completing and receiving regulatory approvals for ourmanufacturing facility could delay our development plans and thereby limit our ability to generate revenues.In February, 2017, we entered into a lease to build a manufacturing facility in Thousand Oaks, CA, which we intend to use to manufacture preclinical andclinical trial materials for our product candidates. This new manufacturing facility is expected to be completed in 2018. This project may result in unanticipateddelays and cost more than expected due to a number of factors, including regulatory requirements. If construction or regulatory approval of our new facility isdelayed, we may not be able to manufacture sufficient quantities of our drug candidates, which would limit our development activities and our opportunities forgrowth. Cost overruns associated with constructing our manufacturing facility could require us to raise additional funds from other sources.In addition to the similar manufacturing risks described in "—Risks Related to Our Dependence on Third Parties," our manufacturing facility will be subjectto ongoing, periodic inspection by the FDA, EMA or other comparable regulatory agencies to ensure compliance with cGMP and GTP. Our failure to follow anddocument our adherence to such cGMP regulations or other regulatory requirements may lead to significant delays in the availability of products for clinical or, inthe future, commercial use, may result in the termination of or a hold on a clinical trial, or may delay or prevent filing or approval of marketing applications for ourdrugs. We also may encounter problems with the following: •achieving adequate or clinical-grade materials that meet FDA, EMA or other comparable regulatory agency standards or specifications withconsistent and acceptable production yield and costs; •shortages of qualified personnel, raw materials or key contractors; and •ongoing compliance with cGMP regulations and other requirements of the FDA, EMA or other comparable regulatory agencies.Failure to comply with applicable regulations could also result in sanctions being imposed on us, including fines, injunctions, civil penalties, a requirement tosuspend or put on hold one or more of our clinical trials, failure of regulatory authorities to grant marketing approval of our drug candidates, delays, suspension orwithdrawal of approvals, license revocation, seizures or recalls of drug candidates, operating restrictions and criminal prosecutions, any of which could harm ourbusiness.34 Developing advanced manufacturing techniques and process controls is required to fully utilize o ur facility. Advances in manufacturing techniques mayrender our facility and equipment inadequate or obsolete.In order to produce our drugs in the quantities that we believe will be required to meet anticipated market demand of any of our drug candidates if approved,we will need to increase, or "scale up," the production process by a significant factor over the initial level of production. If we are unable to do so, are delayed, or ifthe cost of this scale up is not economically feasible for us or we cannot find a third-party supplier, we may not be able to produce our drugs in a sufficient quantityto meet future demand.If our sole clinical manufacturing facility is damaged or destroyed or production at this facility is otherwise interrupted, our business and prospects would benegatively affected.If our manufacturing facility or the equipment in it is damaged or destroyed, we may not be able to quickly or inexpensively replace our manufacturingcapacity or replace it at all. In the event of a temporary or protracted loss of this facility or equipment, we might not be able to transfer manufacturing to a thirdparty. Even if we could transfer manufacturing to a third party, the shift would likely be expensive and time-consuming, particularly since the new facility wouldneed to comply with the necessary regulatory requirements and we would need FDA approval before selling any products manufactured at that facility. Such anevent could delay our clinical trials or reduce our product sales.Currently, we maintain insurance coverage against damage to our property and to cover business interruption and research and development restorationexpenses. However, our insurance coverage may not reimburse us, or may not be sufficient to reimburse us, for any expenses or losses we may suffer. We may beunable to meet our requirements for our product candidates if there were a catastrophic event or failure of our current manufacturing facility or processes.Risks Related to Our Dependence on Third PartiesWe rely on third parties to conduct our preclinical studies and clinical trials. If these third parties do not successfully carry out their contractual duties or meetexpected deadlines, or if we lose any of our CROs, we may not be able to obtain regulatory approval for or commercialize our product candidates on a timelybasis, if at all.We have relied upon and plan to continue to rely upon third-party CROs and contractors to monitor and manage data for our ongoing preclinical and clinicalprograms. For example, our collaborating investigators at MSK manage the conduct of the ongoing clinical trials for ATA520 as well as perform the analysis,publication and presentation of data and results related to this program and the ATA129 and ATA230 programs. We also rely on studies previously conducted byMSK. We are utilizing a CRO for our EAP trial of ATA129 and intend to utilize a CRO for our planned Phase 3 trials for EBV-PTLD after HCT and SOT. We relyon these parties for the execution of our preclinical studies and clinical trials, and we control only some aspects of their activities. Nevertheless, we are responsiblefor ensuring that each of our trials is conducted in accordance with the applicable protocol and legal, regulatory and scientific standards, and our reliance on theCROs does not relieve us of our regulatory responsibilities. We also rely on third parties to assist in conducting our preclinical studies in accordance with GoodLaboratory Practices, or GLP, and the Animal Welfare Act requirements. We and our CROs are required to comply with federal regulations, GCP, which areinternational standards meant to protect the rights and health of patients that are enforced by the FDA, the Competent Authorities of the Member States of theEuropean Economic Area and comparable foreign regulatory authorities for all of our products in clinical development, and cGTP, which are standards designed toensure that cell and tissue based products are manufactured in a manner designed to prevent the introduction, transmission and spread of communicable diseases.Regulatory authorities enforce GCP and cGTP through periodic inspections of trial sponsors, principal investigators and trial sites. If we, or any of our partners orCROs, fail to comply with applicable GCP or cGTP, the clinical data generated in our clinical trials may be deemed unreliable and the FDA or comparable foreignregulatory authorities may require us to perform additional clinical trials before approving our regulatory applications. We cannot assure you that upon inspectionby a given regulatory authority, such regulatory authority will determine that any of our clinical trials comply with GCP or cGTP requirements. In addition, ourclinical trials must be conducted with product produced under cGMP and cGTP requirements. We are also required to register ongoing clinical trials and post theresults of completed clinical trials on a government-sponsored database, clinicaltrials.gov, within a specified timeframe. Failure to comply with these regulationsmay require us to repeat preclinical studies and clinical trials, which would delay the regulatory approval process and result in adverse publicity.Our CROs are not our employees, and except for remedies available to us under our agreements with such CROs, we cannot control whether or not theydevote sufficient time and resources, including experienced staff, to our ongoing clinical, nonclinical and preclinical programs. They may also have relationshipswith other entities, some of which may be our competitors. If CROs do not successfully carry out their contractual duties or obligations or meet expected deadlinesor if the quality or accuracy of the clinical data they obtain is compromised due to the failure to adhere to our clinical protocols, regulatory requirements or forother reasons, our clinical trials may be extended, delayed or terminated and we may not be able to obtain regulatory approval for or successfully35 commercialize our product candidates. CRO or contractor errors could cause our results of operations and the commercial prospects for our product candidates tobe harmed, our costs to increase and our ability to generate revenues to be delayed.Our internal capacity for clinical trial execution and management is limited and therefore we have relied on third parties. Outsourcing these functionsinvolves risk that third parties may not perform to our standards, may not produce results or data in a timely manner or may fail to perform at all. Other data fromstudies or trials previously conducted by MSK may emerge in the future. In addition, the use of third-party service providers requires us to disclose our proprietaryinformation to these parties, which could increase the risk that this information will be misappropriated. We currently have a small number of employees, whichlimits the internal resources we have available to identify and monitor our third-party providers. To the extent we are unable to identify and successfully managethe performance of third-party service providers in the future, our business may be adversely affected. Though we carefully manage our relationships with ourCROs, there can be no assurance that we will not encounter challenges or delays in the future or that these delays or challenges will not have a material adverseimpact on our business, financial condition and prospects.Our CROs have the right to terminate their agreements with us in the event of an uncured material breach. In addition, some of our CROs have an ability toterminate their respective agreements with us if it can be reasonably demonstrated that the safety of the subjects participating in our clinical trials warrants suchtermination, if we make a general assignment for the benefit of our creditors or if we are liquidated. Identifying, qualifying and managing performance of third-party service providers can be difficult, time consuming and cause delays in our development programs. In addition, there is a natural transition period when a newCRO commences work and the new CRO may not provide the same type or level of services as the original provider. If any of our relationships with our third-partyCROs terminate, we may not be able to enter into arrangements with alternative CROs or to do so timely or on commercially reasonable terms.We have no experience manufacturing our product candidates on a clinical or commercial scale. We are, and expect to continue to be, dependent on thirdparties for the manufacturing of our product candidates and our supply chain, and if we experience problems with any of these third parties, themanufacturing of our product candidates could be delayed.We do not operate facilities for the manufacturing of our product candidates. In the case of ATA129, we currently rely on our CMO and MSK for theproduction of this product candidate and the acquisition of materials incorporated in or used in the manufacturing or testing of these product candidates. In the caseof ATA230, we currently rely on MSK for the production of this product candidate and acquisition of the materials incorporated in or used in the manufacturing ortesting. In the case of ATA520, we currently rely on our CMO for the production of this product candidate. Our CMOs or partners are not our employees, andexcept for remedies available to us under our agreements with such CMOs or partners, we cannot control whether or not they devote sufficient time and resources,including experienced staff, to the manufacturing of supply for our ongoing clinical, nonclinical and preclinical programs. To meet our projected needs for clinicaland commercial materials to support our activities through regulatory approval and commercial manufacturing of ATA129, ATA520 and ATA230, we will need totransition the manufacturing of such materials to a CMO and/or our own facility, and such CMOs or we will need develop relationships with suppliers of criticalstarting or other materials, increase the scale of production and demonstrate comparability of the material produced at these facilities to the material that waspreviously produced by MSK. We are in the final stages of the transfer of the manufacturing process developed by and housed at MSK for ATA129 to ourCMO. Transferring manufacturing processes and know-how is complex and involves review and incorporation of both documented and undocumented processesthat may have evolved over time. In addition, transferring production to different facilities may require utilization of new or different processes to meet the specificrequirements of a given facility. We cannot be certain that all relevant know-how and data has been adequately incorporated into the manufacturing process untilthe completion of studies (and the related evaluations) intended to demonstrate the comparability of material previously produced by MSK with that generated byour CMO. For example, we generated and evaluated data from new material manufactured by our CMO and identified certain assays that need refinement prior toinitiating the Phase 3 trials. We are refining these assays within our laboratories, manufacturing lots to further support comparability evaluations and the Phase 3trials, and expect to review these data in ongoing discussions with the FDA. If we are not able to successfully transfer this know-how and produce comparable product candidates our ability to further develop and manufacture ourproduct candidates may be negatively impacted. We may need to identify additional CMOs for continued production of supply for all of our product candidates. Inaddition, given the manufacturing process for our T-cell product candidates, the number of CMOs who possess the requisite skill and capability to manufacture ourT-cell product candidates is limited. We have not yet identified alternate suppliers in the event the current CMOs that we utilize are unable to scale production , orif we otherwise experience any problems with them. In February, 2017, we entered into a lease agreement to build a cellular therapy manufacturing facility inThousand Oaks, CA. At this facility, we intend to manufacture our product candidates for clinical or commercial use, if approved. Manufacturing cellulartherapies is complicated and tightly regulated by the FDA and comparable regulatory authorities around the world, and although alternative third-party supplierswith the necessary manufacturing and regulatory expertise and facilities exist, it could be expensive and take a significant amount of time to arrange for alternativesuppliers, transfer manufacturing procedures to these alternative suppliers, and demonstrate comparability of material produced by such new suppliers. Newmanufacturers of any product would be required to qualify under applicable regulatory requirements. These manufacturers may36 not be able to manufacture our compounds at costs, or in quantities, or in a timely manner necessar y to complete development of our product candidates or makecommercially successful products. If we are unable to arrange for alternative third-party manufacturing sources, or to do so on commercially reasonable terms or ina timely manner, we may not be a ble to complete development of our product candidates, or market or distribute them. In addition, should the FDA not agree withour product candidate specifications and comparability assessments for these materials, further clinical development of our prod uct candidate could besubstantially delayed and we would incur substantial additional expenses.Reliance on third-party manufacturers entails risks to which we would not be subject if we manufactured product candidates ourselves, including reliance onthe third party for regulatory compliance and quality assurance, the possibility that the third-party manufacturer does not maintain the financial resources to meet itsobligations under the manufacturing agreement, the possibility of breach of the manufacturing agreement by the third party because of factors beyond our control,including a failure to synthesize and manufacture our product candidates or any products we may eventually commercialize in accordance with our specifications,misappropriation of our proprietary information, including our trade secrets and know-how, and the possibility of termination or nonrenewal of the agreement bythe third party, based on its own business priorities, at a time that is costly or damaging to us. In addition, the FDA and other regulatory authorities require that ourproduct candidates and any products that we may eventually commercialize be manufactured according to cGMP, cGTP and similar foreign standards. Theserequirements include, among other things, quality control, quality assurance and the maintenance of records and documentation. The FDA or similar foreignregulatory agencies may also implement new standards at any time, or change their interpretations and enforcement of existing standards for manufacture,packaging or testing of products. We have little control over our manufacturers’ compliance with these regulations and standards. Any failure by our third-partymanufacturers to comply with cGMP or cGTP or failure to scale up manufacturing processes, including any failure to deliver sufficient quantities of productcandidates in a timely manner, could lead to a delay in, or failure to obtain, regulatory approval of any of our product candidates. In addition, such failure could bethe basis for the FDA to issue a warning letter, withdraw approvals for product candidates previously granted to us, or take other regulatory or legal action,including recall or seizure of outside supplies of the product candidate, total or partial suspension of production, suspension of ongoing clinical trials, refusal toapprove pending applications or supplemental applications, detention or product, refusal to permit the import or export of products, injunction or imposing civil andcriminal penalties.Any significant disruption in our supplier relationships could harm our business. Any significant delay in the supply of a product candidate for an ongoingclinical trial could considerably delay initiation or completion of our clinical trials, product testing and potential regulatory approval of our product candidates. Ifour manufacturers or we are unable to purchase key materials after regulatory approval has been obtained for our product candidates, the commercial launch of ourproduct candidates could be delayed or there could be a shortage in supply, which could impair our ability to generate revenues from the sale of our productcandidates.Risks Related to Our Intellectual PropertyIf we are unable to obtain and maintain sufficient intellectual property protection for our product candidates, or if the scope of the intellectual propertyprotection is not sufficiently broad, our ability to commercialize our product candidates successfully and to compete effectively may be adversely affected.We rely upon a combination of patents, trade secrets and confidentiality agreements to protect the intellectual property related to our technology and productcandidates. The T-cell product candidates and platform technology we have licensed from MSK are protected primarily as confidential know-how and trade secrets.If we do not adequately protect our intellectual property, competitors may be able to use our technologies and erode or negate any competitive advantage we mayhave, which could harm our business and ability to achieve profitability. The patentability of inventions and the validity, enforceability and scope of patents in thebiotechnology field is generally uncertain because it involves complex legal, scientific and factual considerations, and it has in recent years been the subject ofsignificant litigation. Moreover, the standards applied by the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office, or USPTO, and non-US patent offices in granting patents are notalways applied uniformly or predictably. For example, there is no uniform worldwide policy regarding patentable subject matter or the scope of claims allowable inbiotechnology patents.Consequently, the patent applications that we own or in-license may fail to result in issued patents with claims that cover our product candidates in theUnited States or in other countries. There is no assurance that all potentially relevant prior art relating to our patents and patent applications is known to us or hasbeen found in the instances where searching was done. We may be unaware of prior art that could be used to invalidate an issued patent or prevent a pending patentapplication from issuing as a patent. There also may be prior art of which we are aware, but which we do not believe affects the validity or enforceability of a claimof one of our patents or patent applications, which may, nonetheless, ultimately be found to affect the validity or enforceability of such claim.Even if patents have issued or do successfully issue from patent applications, and even if such patents cover our product candidates, third parties maychallenge the validity, enforceability or scope thereof, which may result in such patents being narrowed, invalidated or held to be unenforceable. No assurance canbe given that if challenged, our patents would be declared by a court to be valid or enforceable. Furthermore, even if they are unchallenged, our patents and patentapplications may not adequately protect our37 intellectual property, provide exclusivity for our product candidates or prevent others from designing around our claims. In three of our pending patent applicationsexclusively licensed from MSK, directed to use of ATA230 to treat CMV retinitis in HIV-infected patients or SOT recipients, we do not have exclusive rights, dueto one of the named inventors being an employee of an entity other than MSK and ensuing co-ownership of the applications with MSK of this other entity fromwhich we do not presently have a license. There is no guarantee that we will be able to obtain a license from this other entity on commercially reason able terms, orat all. If this entity licenses its rights elsewhere, our competitors might gain access to this intellectual property. Also, the possibility exists that others will developproducts on an independent basis which have the same effect as our p roduct candidates and which do not infringe our patents or other intellectual property rights,or that others will design around the claims of patents that we have had issued that cover our product candidates. If the breadth or strength of protection provi dedby the patents and patent applications we hold, license or pursue with respect to our product candidates is threatened, it could jeopardize our ability tocommercialize our product candidates. In addition, the USPTO and various foreign governmental pat ent agencies require compliance with a number of procedural,documentary, fee payment and other similar provisions during the patent application process. While an inadvertent lapse can in many cases be cured by payment ofa late fee or by other means in ac cordance with the applicable rules, there are situations in which noncompliance can result in abandonment or lapse of the patentor patent application, resulting in partial or complete loss of patent rights in the relevant jurisdiction. Any of these outcom es could have an adverse impact on ourbusiness.If patent applications that we hold or in-license with respect to our technology or product candidates fail to issue, if their breadth or strength of protection isthreatened, or if they fail to provide meaningful exclusivity for our product candidates, it could dissuade companies from collaborating with us. We have filed anumber of patent applications covering our product candidates. We cannot offer any assurances about which, if any, patents will be issued with respect to thesepending patent applications, the breadth of any such patents, whether any issued patents will be found invalid and unenforceable or will be threatened by thirdparties. Any successful challenge to these patents or any other patents owned by or exclusively licensed to us could deprive us of rights necessary for the successfulcommercialization of any product candidate that we or our collaborators may develop. Because patent applications in the United States and most other countries areconfidential for a period of time after filing, and some remain so until issued, we cannot be certain that we were the first to file any patent application related to aproduct candidate. Furthermore, if third parties have filed such patent applications that have never had a claim with an effective filing date on or after March 16,2013, an interference proceeding in the United States can be initiated by the USPTO to determine who was the first to invent any of the subject matter covered bythe patent claims of our applications or patents. Similarly, we could become involved in derivation proceedings before the USPTO to determine inventorship withrespect to our patent applications. We may also become involved in opposition proceedings in the European Patent Office or counterpart offices in otherjurisdictions regarding our intellectual property rights. In addition, patents have a limited lifespan. In the United States, the natural expiration of a patent generallyoccurs 20 years after it is filed. Although various extensions may be available if certain conditions are met, the life of a patent and the protection it affords islimited. If we encounter delays in our clinical trials or in obtaining regulatory approvals, the period of time during which we could exclusively market any of ourproduct candidates under patent protection, if approved, could be reduced. Even if patents covering our product candidates are obtained, once the patent life hasexpired for a product, we may be vulnerable to competition from biosimilar products. Any loss of patent protection could have a material adverse impact on ourbusiness. We may be unable to prevent competitors from entering the market with a product that is similar or identical to our product candidates, which could harmour business and ability to achieve profitability.Furthermore, the research resulting in certain of our licensed patent rights and technology was funded by the U.S. government. As a result, the governmenthas certain rights, such as march-in rights, to such patent rights and technology. When new technologies are developed with government funding, the governmentgenerally obtains certain rights in any resulting patents, including a non-exclusive license authorizing the government to practice the invention for or on behalf ofthe United States. These rights may permit the government to disclose our confidential information to third parties and to exercise march-in rights to use or allowthird parties to use our licensed technology. The government can exercise its march-in rights if it determines that action is necessary because we fail to achievepractical application of the government-funded technology, because action is necessary to alleviate health or safety needs, to meet requirements of federalregulations or to give preference to U.S. industry. In addition, our rights in such inventions may be subject to certain requirements to manufacture productsembodying such inventions in the United States. Any exercise by the government of such rights could harm our competitive position, business, results ofoperations, financial condition and future prospects.If we are sued for infringing the intellectual property rights of third parties, such litigation could be costly and time-consuming and could prevent or delay ourdevelopment and commercialization efforts.Our commercial success depends, in part, on us and our collaborators not infringing the patents and proprietary rights of third parties. There is a substantialamount of litigation and other adversarial proceedings, both within and outside the United States, involving patent and other intellectual property rights in thebiotechnology and pharmaceutical industries, including patent infringement lawsuits, interference or derivation proceedings, oppositions, and inter partes and post-grant review proceedings before the USPTO and non-U.S. patent offices. Numerous U.S. and non-U.S. issued patents and pending patent applications owned bythird parties exist in the fields in which we are developing and may develop our product candidates. As the biotechnology and38 pharmaceutical industries expand and more patents are issued, the risk increases that our product candidates may be subject to claims of infringement of thirdparties’ patent rights as it may not always be cle ar to industry participants, including us, which patents cover various types of products or methods of use. Thecoverage of patents is subject to interpretation by the courts, and the interpretation is not always uniform or predictable.Third parties may assert infringement claims against us based on existing or future intellectual property rights, alleging that we are employing theirproprietary technology without authorization. There may be third-party patents or patent applications with claims to materials, formulations, methods ofmanufacture or methods for treatment related to the use or manufacturing of our product candidates that we failed to identify. For example, applications filed beforeNovember 29, 2000, and certain applications filed on or after that date that will not be filed outside the United States, remain confidential until issued as patents.Except for the preceding exceptions, patent applications in the United States and elsewhere are generally published only after a waiting period of approximately 18months after the earliest filing date. Therefore, patent applications covering our product candidates could have been filed by others without our knowledge. Inaddition, pending patent applications that have been published, including some of which we are aware, could be later amended in a manner that could cover ourproduct candidates or their use or manufacture. We may analyze patents or patent applications of our competitors that we believe are relevant to our activities andbelieve that we are free to operate in relation to any of our product candidates, but our competitors may obtain issued claims, including in patents we consider to beunrelated, which may block our efforts or potentially result in any of our product candidates or our activities infringing such claims. If we are sued for patentinfringement, we would need to demonstrate that our product candidates, products and methods either do not infringe the patent claims of the relevant patent or thatthe patent claims are invalid, and we may not be able to do this. Proving that a patent is invalid is difficult. For example, in the United States, proving invalidity in adistrict court proceeding requires a showing of clear and convincing evidence to overcome the presumption of validity enjoyed by issued patents, and provinginvalidity in an inter partes review proceeding in the USPTO requires a showing of a preponderance of the evidence. Even if we are successful in theseproceedings, we may incur substantial costs and the time and attention of our management and scientific personnel could be diverted, which could have a materialadverse effect on us. If any issued third-party patents were held by a court of competent jurisdiction to cover aspects of our materials, formulations, methods ofmanufacture or methods for treatment, we could be forced, including by court order, to cease developing, manufacturing or commercializing the relevant productcandidate until such patent expired. Alternatively, we may be required to obtain a license from such third party in order to use the infringing technology and tocontinue developing, manufacturing or marketing the infringing product candidate. However, we may not be able to obtain any required license on commerciallyreasonably terms, or at all. Even if we were able to obtain a license, the rights may be nonexclusive, which could result in our competitors gaining access to thesame intellectual property licensed to us. Ultimately, we could be prevented from commercializing a product candidate, or be forced to cease some aspect of ourbusiness operations, if, as a result of actual or threatened patent infringement claims, we are unable to enter into licenses on acceptable terms. This could harm ourbusiness significantly.Parties making claims against us may obtain injunctive or other equitable relief, which could effectively block our ability to further develop andcommercialize one or more of our product candidates. Defending against claims of patent infringement or misappropriation of trade secrets could be costly andtime consuming, regardless of the outcome. Thus, even if we were to ultimately prevail, or to settle at an early stage, such litigation could burden us withsubstantial unanticipated costs. In addition, litigation or threatened litigation could result in significant demands on the time and attention of our management team,distracting them from the pursuit of other company business. In the event of a successful claim of infringement against us, we may have to pay substantial damages,including treble damages and attorneys’ fees if we are found to have willfully infringed a patent, or to redesign our infringing product candidates, which may beimpossible or require substantial time and monetary expenditure. We may also elect to enter into license agreements in order to settle patent infringement claimsprior to litigation, and any such license agreement may require us to pay royalties and other fees that could be significant.We may face claims that we misappropriated the confidential information or trade secrets of a third party. If we are found to have misappropriated a thirdparty’s trade secrets, we may be prevented from further using such trade secrets, which could limit our ability to develop our product candidates. We are not awareof any material threatened or pending claims related to these matters, but in the future litigation may be necessary to defend against such claims. If we fail indefending any such claims, in addition to paying monetary damages, we may lose valuable intellectual property rights or personnel. Even if we are successful indefending against such claims, litigation could result in substantial costs and be a distraction to management. During the course of any patent or other intellectualproperty litigation, there could be public announcements of the results of hearings, rulings on motions, and other interim proceedings in the litigation. If securitiesanalysts or investors regard these announcements as negative, the perceived value of our product candidates, programs or intellectual property could be diminished.Accordingly, the market price of our common stock may decline.We may not be able to protect our intellectual property rights throughout the world.Filing, prosecuting, enforcing and defending patents on all of our product candidates in all countries throughout the world would be prohibitively expensive.Our or our licensors’ intellectual property rights in certain countries outside the United States may be less39 extensive than those in the United States. In addition, the laws of certain foreign countries do not protect intellectual property rights to the same extent as laws inthe United States. Consequently, we and our licensors may not be able to pre vent third parties from practicing our and our licensors’ inventions in countriesoutside the United States, or from selling or importing infringing products made using our and our licensors’ inventions in and into the United States or otherjurisdictions. Competitors may use our and our licensors’ technologies in jurisdictions where we have not obtained patent protection or where we do not haveexclusive rights under the relevant patent(s) to develop their own products and, further, may export otherwise in fringing products to territories where we and ourlicensors have patent protection but where enforcement is not as strong as that in the United States. These infringing products may compete with our productcandidates in jurisdictions where we or our licen sors have no issued patents or where we do not have exclusive rights under the relevant patent(s), or our patentclaims and other intellectual property rights may not be effective or sufficient to prevent them from so competing. Many companies have encount ered significantproblems in protecting and defending intellectual property rights in foreign jurisdictions. The legal systems of certain countries, particularly certain developingcountries, do not favor the enforcement of patents and other intellectual p roperty protection, particularly those relating to biopharmaceuticals, which could make itdifficult for us and our licensors to stop the infringement of our and our licensors’ patents or marketing of competing products in violation of our and our licensor s’proprietary rights generally. Proceedings to enforce our and our licensors’ patent rights in foreign jurisdictions could result in substantial costs and divert ourattention from other aspects of our business, could put our and our licensors’ patents at risk of being invalidated or interpreted narrowly, could put our and ourlicensors’ patent applications at risk of not issuing, and could provoke third parties to assert claims against us or our licensors. We or our licensors may not prevailin any lawsui ts that we or our licensors initiate, and even if we or our licensors are successful the damages or other remedies awarded, if any, may not becommercially meaningful.We have in-licensed a significant portion of our intellectual property from MSK. If we breach any of our license agreements with MSK, we could lose theability to continue the development and potential commercialization of one or more of our product candidates.We hold rights under license agreements with MSK that are important to our business. Our discovery and development platform is built, in part, aroundpatent rights exclusively in-licensed from MSK. The MSK agreement generally grants us an exclusive license to research, develop, make, use, offer for sale, selland import, ATA129, ATA520 and ATA230. Three pending applications licensed to us by MSK that are all directed to methods of treating CMV retinitis in HIV-infected patients or SOT recipients, are co-owned by MSK and another entity, and thus our exclusive license from MSK does not convey exclusive rights underthose applications. Under our existing MSK license agreement, we are subject to various obligations, including diligence obligations with respect to developmentand commercialization activities, payment obligations upon achievement of certain milestones and royalties on product sales, as well as other material obligations.If there is any conflict, dispute, disagreement or issue of nonperformance between us and MSK regarding our rights or obligations under the license agreements,including any such conflict, dispute or disagreement arising from our failure to satisfy diligence or payment obligations under any such agreement, we may beliable to pay damages and MSK may have a right to terminate the affected license. The loss our license agreement with MSK could materially adversely affect ourability to proceed to utilize the affected intellectual property in our drug discovery and development efforts, our ability to enter into future collaboration, licensingand/or marketing agreements for one or more affected product candidates and our ability to commercialize the affected product candidates. The risks describedelsewhere pertaining to our patents and other intellectual property rights also apply to the intellectual property rights that we license, and any failure by us or ourlicensors to obtain, maintain and enforce these rights could have a material adverse effect on our business.We may become involved in lawsuits to protect or enforce our intellectual property, which could be expensive, time-consuming and unsuccessful and have amaterial adverse effect on the success of our business and on our stock price.Third parties may infringe our patents, the patents of our licensors, or misappropriate or otherwise violate our or our licensor’s intellectual property rights.Our and our licensor’s patent applications cannot be enforced against third parties practicing the technology claimed in such applications unless and until a patentissues from such applications, and then only to the extent the issued claims cover the technology. In the future, we or our licensors may elect to initiate legalproceedings to enforce or defend our or our licensors’ intellectual property rights, to protect our or our licensor’s trade secrets or to determine the validity or scopeof intellectual property rights we own or control. Any claims that we assert against perceived infringers could also provoke these parties to assert counterclaimsagainst us alleging that we infringe their intellectual property rights or that our intellectual property rights are invalid. In addition, third parties may initiate legalproceedings against us or our licensors to challenge the validity or scope of intellectual property rights we own or control. The proceedings can be expensive andtime-consuming. Many of our or our licensor’s adversaries in these proceedings may have the ability to dedicate substantially greater resources to prosecuting theselegal actions than we or our licensors can. Accordingly, despite our or our licensors’ efforts, we or our licensors may not be able to prevent third parties frominfringing upon or misappropriating intellectual property rights we own or control, particularly in countries where the laws may not protect our rights as fully as inthe United States. Litigation could result in substantial costs and diversion of management resources, which could harm our business and financial results. Inaddition, in an infringement proceeding, a court may decide that a patent owned by or licensed to us is invalid or unenforceable, in whole or in part, or may refuseto stop the other party from using the technology at issue on the grounds that our or our licensors’ patents do not cover the technology in question. An adverseresult in any40 litigation proceeding could put one or more of our or our licensors’ patents at risk of being invalidated, held unenforceable or interpreted narrowly.Interference or derivation proceedings provoked by third parties, brought by us or our licensors or collaborators, or brought by the USPTO or any non-USpatent authority may be necessary to determine the priority of inventions or matters of inventorship with respect to our patents or patent applications. We may alsobecome involved in other proceedings, such as reexamination or opposition proceedings, inter partes review, post-grant review or other preissuance or post-grantproceedings in the USPTO or its foreign counterparts relating to our intellectual property or the intellectual property of others. An unfavorable outcome in any suchproceeding could require us or our licensors to cease using the related technology and commercializing our product candidates, or to attempt to license rights to itfrom the prevailing party. Our business could be harmed if the prevailing party does not offer us or our licensors a license on commercially reasonable terms if anylicense is offered at all. Even if we or our licensors obtain a license, it may be non-exclusive, thereby giving our competitors access to the same technologieslicensed to us or our licensors. In addition, if the breadth or strength of protection provided by our or our licensor’s patents and patent applications is threatened, itcould dissuade companies from collaborating with us to license, develop or commercialize current or future product candidates. Even if we successfully defendsuch litigation or proceeding, we may incur substantial costs and it may distract our management and other employees. We could be found liable for monetarydamages, including treble damages and attorneys’ fees, if we are found to have willfully infringed a patent.Furthermore, because of the substantial amount of discovery required in connection with intellectual property litigation, there is a risk that some of ourconfidential information could be compromised by disclosure during this type of litigation. In addition, there could be public announcements of the results ofhearings, motions or other interim proceedings or developments. If securities analysts or investors perceive these results to be negative, it could have a substantialadverse effect on the price of shares of our common stock.Changes in patent law could diminish the value of patents in general, thereby impairing our ability to protect our product candidates.As is the case with other biotechnology and pharmaceutical companies, our success is heavily dependent on intellectual property, particularly patents.Obtaining and enforcing patents in the biopharmaceutical industry involves both technological and legal complexity, and obtaining and enforcingbiopharmaceutical patents is costly, time-consuming, and inherently uncertain. The Supreme Court has ruled on several patent cases in recent years, eithernarrowing the scope of patent protection available in certain circumstances or weakening the rights of patent owners in certain situations. In addition to increasinguncertainty with regard to our and our licensors’ ability to obtain patents in the future, this combination of events has created uncertainty with respect to the valueof patents once obtained. Depending on future decisions by the U.S. Congress, the federal courts and/or the USPTO, the laws and regulations governing patentscould change in unpredictable ways that may weaken our and our licensors’ ability to obtain new patents or to enforce existing patents and patents we and ourlicensors or collaborators may obtain in the future.Patent reform legislation that has occurred could increase the uncertainties and costs surrounding the prosecution of our and our licensors’ patentapplications and the enforcement or defense of our or our licensors’ issued patents. On September 16, 2011, the Leahy-Smith America Invents Act, or the Leahy-Smith Act, was signed into law. The Leahy-Smith Act includes a number of significant changes to US patent law. These include provisions that affect the waypatent applications are prosecuted and may also affect patent litigation. The USPTO recently developed new regulations and procedures to govern administration ofthe Leahy-Smith Act, and many of the substantive changes to patent law associated with the Leahy-Smith Act, and in particular, the first to file provisions, onlybecame effective on March 16, 2013. Accordingly, it is not clear what, if any, impact the Leahy-Smith Act will have on the operation of our business. However, theLeahy-Smith Act and its implementation could increase the uncertainties and costs surrounding the prosecution of our or our licensors’ patent applications and theenforcement or defense of our or our licensors’ issued patents, all of which could have a material adverse effect on our business and financial condition.If we are unable to protect the confidentiality of our trade secrets and other proprietary information, the value of our technology could be materially adverselyaffected and our business could be harmed.In addition to seeking the protection afforded by patents, we rely on trade secret protection and confidentiality agreements to protect proprietary know-howthat is not patentable or that we elect not to patent, processes for which patents are difficult to enforce, and other elements of our technology, discovery anddevelopment processes that involve proprietary know-how, information or technology that is not covered by patents. The T-cell product candidates and platformtechnology we have licensed from MSK are protected primarily as confidential know-how and trade secrets. Any disclosure to or misappropriation by third partiesof our confidential proprietary information could enable competitors to quickly duplicate or surpass our technological achievements, including by enabling them todevelop and commercialize products substantially similar to or competitive with our product candidates, thus eroding our competitive position in the market. Tradesecrets can be difficult to protect. We seek to protect our proprietary technology and processes, in part, by entering into confidentiality agreements and inventionassignment agreements with our employees, consultants, and outside scientific advisors, contractors and collaborators. These agreements are designed to protectour proprietary information. Although we use reasonable efforts to protect our trade secrets, our employees, consultants, contractors, or41 outside scientific advisors might intentionally or inadvertently disclose our trade secrets or confidential, proprietary information to competitors. In addition,competitors may otherwise gain access to our trade secrets or inde pendently develop substantially equivalent information and techniques. If any of our confidentialproprietary information were to be lawfully obtained or independently developed by a competitor, we would have no right to prevent such competitor from usingthat technology or information to compete with us, which could harm our competitive position.Enforcing a claim that a third party illegally obtained and is using any of our trade secrets is expensive and time consuming, and the outcome isunpredictable. In addition, the laws of certain foreign countries do not protect proprietary rights such as trade secrets to the same extent or in the same manner asthe laws of the United States. Misappropriation or unauthorized disclosure of our trade secrets to third parties could impair our competitive advantage in the marketand could materially adversely affect our business, results of operations and financial condition.Risks Related to Commercialization of Our Product CandidatesOur commercial success depends upon attaining significant market acceptance of our product candidates, if approved, among physicians, patients, healthcarepayors and cancer treatment centers.Even if we obtain regulatory approval for any of our product candidates that we may develop or acquire in the future, the product may not gain marketacceptance among physicians, healthcare payors, patients or the medical community, including cancer treatment centers. Market acceptance of any of our productcandidates for which we receive approval depends on a number of factors, including: •the efficacy and safety of such product candidates as demonstrated in clinical trials; •the clinical indications and patient populations for which the product candidate is approved; •acceptance by physicians, major cancer treatment centers and patients of the drug as a safe and effective treatment; •the adoption of novel cellular therapies by physicians, hospitals and third-party payors; •the potential and perceived advantages of product candidates over alternative treatments; •the safety of product candidates seen in a broader patient group, including its use outside the approved indications; •any restrictions on use together with other medications; •the prevalence and severity of any side effects; •product labeling or product insert requirements of the FDA or other regulatory authorities; •the timing of market introduction of our products as well as competitive products; •the development of manufacturing and distribution processes for our novel T-cell product candidates; •the cost of treatment in relation to alternative treatments; •the availability of coverage and adequate reimbursement and pricing by third-party payors and government authorities; •relative convenience and ease of administration; and •the effectiveness of our sales and marketing efforts and those of our collaborators.If any of our product candidates are approved but fail to achieve market acceptance among physicians, patients, healthcare payors or cancer treatmentcenters, we will not be able to generate significant revenues, which would compromise our ability to become profitable.Even if we are able to commercialize our product candidates, the products may not receive coverage and adequate reimbursement from third-party payors inthe United States and in other countries in which we seek to commercialize our products, which could harm our business.Our ability to commercialize any product successfully will depend, in part, on the extent to which coverage and adequate reimbursement for these productsand related treatments will be available from government health administration authorities, private health insurers and other organizations.Government authorities and third-party payors, such as private health insurers and health maintenance organizations, determine whic h medications theywill cover and establish reimbursement levels. A primary trend in the healthcare industry is cost containment. Government authorities and third-party payors haveattempted to control costs by limiting coverage and the amount of reimbursement42 for particular medications. Increasingly, third-party payors are requiring that drug companies provide them with predetermined discounts from list prices and arechallenging the prices charged for medical products. Third-party payors may also seek add itional clinical evidence, beyond the data required to obtain regulatoryapproval, demonstrating clinical benefits and value in specific patient populations before covering our products for those patients. We cannot be sure that coverageand adequate reimb ursement will be available for any product that we commercialize and, if reimbursement is available, what the level of reimbursement will be.Coverage and reimbursement may impact the demand for, or the price of, any product candidate for which we obtain r egulatory approval. If reimbursement is notavailable or is available only at limited levels, we may not be able to successfully commercialize any product candidate for which we obtain regulatory approval.There may be significant delays in obtaining coverage and reimbursement for newly approved drugs, and coverage may be more limited than the purposesfor which the drug is approved by the FDA or comparable foreign regulatory authorities. Moreover, eligibility for coverage and reimbursement does not imply thatany drug will be paid for in all cases or at a rate that covers our costs, including research, development, manufacture, sale and distribution. Interim reimbursementlevels for new drugs, if applicable, may also not be sufficient to cover our costs and may only be temporary. Reimbursement rates may vary according to the use ofthe drug and the clinical setting in which it is used, may be based on reimbursement levels already set for lower cost drugs and may be incorporated into existingpayments for other services. Net prices for drugs may be reduced by mandatory discounts or rebates required by government healthcare programs or private payorsand by any future relaxation of laws that presently restrict imports of drugs from countries where they may be sold at lower prices than in the United States. Third-party payors in the United States often rely upon Medicare coverage policy and payment limitations in setting their own reimbursement policies. Our inability topromptly obtain coverage and profitable reimbursement rates from both government-funded and private payors for any approved products that we develop couldhave a material adverse effect on our operating results, our ability to raise capital needed to commercialize products and our overall financial condition.Recently enacted and future legislation, including potentially unfavorable pricing regulations or other healthcare reform initiatives, may increase the difficultyand cost for us to obtain regulatory approval of and commercialize our product candidates and affect the prices we may obtain.The regulations that govern, among other things, regulatory approvals, coverage, pricing and reimbursement for new drug products vary widely fromcountry to country. In the United States and some foreign jurisdictions, there have been a number of legislative and regulatory changes and proposed changesregarding the healthcare system that could prevent or delay regulatory approval of our product candidates, restrict or regulate post-approval activities and affect ourability to successfully sell any product candidates for which we obtain regulatory approval. Legislative and regulatory proposals have been made to expand post-approval requirements and restrict sales and promotional activities for pharmaceutical products. We cannot be sure whether additional legislative changes will beenacted, or whether the FDA regulations, guidance or interpretations will be changed, or what the impact of such changes on the regulatory approvals of ourproduct candidates, if any, may be.In the United States, the European Union and other potentially significant markets for our product candidates, government authorities and third-party payorsare increasingly attempting to limit or regulate the price of medical products and services, particularly for new and innovative products and therapies, which hasresulted in lower average selling prices. Furthermore, the increased emphasis on managed healthcare in the United States and on country and regional pricing andreimbursement controls in the European Union will put additional pressure on product pricing, reimbursement and usage, which may adversely affect our futureproduct sales and results of operations. These pressures can arise from rules and practices of managed care groups, judicial decisions and governmental laws andregulations related to Medicare, Medicaid and healthcare reform, pharmaceutical reimbursement policies and pricing in general.Price controls may be imposed in foreign markets, which may adversely affect our future profitability.In some countries, particularly member states of the European Union, the pricing of prescription drugs is subject to governmental control. In these countries,pricing negotiations with governmental authorities can take considerable time after receipt of regulatory approval for a product. In addition, there can beconsiderable pressure by governments and other stakeholders on prices and reimbursement levels, including as part of cost containment measures. Political,economic and regulatory developments may further complicate pricing negotiations, and pricing negotiations may continue after reimbursement has been obtained.Reference pricing used by various European Union member states and parallel distribution, or arbitrage between low-priced and high-priced member states, canfurther reduce prices. In some countries, we, or our collaborators, may be required to conduct a clinical trial or other studies that compare the cost-effectiveness ofour product candidates to other available therapies in order to obtain or maintain reimbursement or pricing approval. Publication of discounts by third-party payorsor authorities may lead to further pressure on the prices or reimbursement levels within the country of publication and other countries. If reimbursement of ourproducts is unavailable or limited in scope or amount, or if pricing is set at unsatisfactory levels, our business could be adversely affected.43 We face substantial competition, which may result in others discovering, developing or commerciali zing products before or more successfully than we do.We face competition from numerous pharmaceutical and biotechnology enterprises, as well as from academic institutions, government agencies and privateand public research institutions for our current product candidates. Our commercial opportunities will be reduced or eliminated if our competitors develop andcommercialize products that are safer, more effective, have fewer side effects or are less expensive than any products that we may develop. Competition couldresult in reduced sales and pricing pressure on our product candidates, if approved, which in turn would reduce our ability to generate meaningful revenues andhave a negative impact on our results of operations. In addition, significant delays in the development of our product candidates could allow our competitors tobring products to market before us and impair any ability to commercialize our product candidates.There are currently no FDA or EMA approved products for the treatment of EBV-PTLD. However, some approved products and therapies are used off-labelin the treatment of EBV-PTLD, such as rituximab and combination chemotherapy regimens. In addition, a number of companies and academic institutions aredeveloping drug candidates for EBV-PTLD and other EBV associated diseases including: Cell Medica Ltd., which is conducting Phase 1 clinical trials forbaltaleucel-T , an autologous EBV specific T-cell therapy in post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder.Drug therapies approved or commonly used for CMV infection include antiviral compounds such as ganciclovir, valganciclovir, cidofovir and foscarnet. Inaddition, a number of companies and academic institutions are developing drug candidates for CMV infection and other CMV-associated diseases. Thesecompanies and academic institutions are in various stages of development with their product candidates with Merck & Co, Inc. completing Phase 3 clinical trials ofletermovir, a CMV terminase inhibitor; Shire Plc, which has initiated Phase 3 clinical trials of Maribavir, a UL97 protein kinase inhibitor and Vical Inc. conductingPhase 3 clinical trials in patients undergoing an allogeneic stem cell transplant for evaluating ASP0113, a therapeutics bivalent plasma DNA CMV vaccine.Several products are approved for the treatment of relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma, including Kyprolis (marketed by Amgen Inc.), Revlimid andPomalyst (marketed by Celgene Corporation), Velcade (marketed by Millennium Pharmaceuticals, Inc.) and Darzalex (marketed by Janssen Research &Development, LLC). In addition, a number of companies and academic institutions are in various stages of development for their drug candidates for relapsed orrefractory multiple myeloma including AB Science SA, which is conducting a Phase 3 clinical trial for masitinib.Many of the approved or commonly used drugs and therapies for EBV-PTLD, CMV and relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma are well-established andare widely accepted by physicians, patients and third-party payors. Some of these drugs are branded and subject to patent protection, and other drugs and nutritionalsupplements are available on a generic basis. Insurers and other third-party payors may encourage the use of generic products or specific branded products. Weexpect that, if any of these product candidates is approved, it will be priced at a significant premium over competitive generic products. This pricing premium maymake it difficult for us to differentiate these products from currently approved or commonly used therapies and impede adoption of our product, which mayadversely impact our business. In addition, many companies are developing new therapeutics, and we cannot predict what the standard of care will become as ourproducts continue in clinical development.Many of our competitors or potential competitors have significantly greater established presence in the market, financial resources and expertise in researchand development, manufacturing, preclinical testing, conducting clinical trials, obtaining regulatory approvals and marketing approved products than we do, and asa result may have a competitive advantage over us. Smaller or early-stage companies may also prove to be significant competitors, particularly throughcollaborative arrangements with large and established companies. These third parties compete with us in recruiting and retaining qualified scientific andmanagement personnel, establishing clinical trial sites and patient registration for clinical trials, as well as in acquiring technologies and technology licensescomplementary to our programs or advantageous to our business.As a result of these factors, these competitors may obtain regulatory approval of their products before we are able to obtain patent protection or otherintellectual property rights, which will limit our ability to develop or commercialize our product candidates. Our competitors may also develop drugs that are safer,more effective, more widely used and cheaper than ours, and may also be more successful than us in manufacturing and marketing their products. Theseappreciable advantages could render our product candidates obsolete or noncompetitive before we can recover the expenses of development and commercialization.Mergers and acquisitions in the pharmaceutical and biotechnology industries may result in even more resources being concentrated among a smaller numberof our competitors. Smaller and other early stage companies may also prove to be significant competitors, particularly through collaborative arrangements withlarge and established companies. These third parties compete with us in recruiting and retaining qualified scientific, management and commercial personnel,establishing clinical trial sites and patient registration for clinical trials, as well as in acquiring technologies complementary to, or necessary for, our programs.44 If we are unable to establish sales and marketing capabilities or enter into agreements with third parties to market and sell our product candidates, we may beunable to generate any revenue.We do not currently have an organization for the sale, marketing and distribution of pharmaceutical products and the cost of establishing and maintainingsuch an organization may exceed the cost-effectiveness of doing so. In order to market any products that may be approved by the FDA and comparable foreignregulatory authorities, we must build our sales, marketing, managerial and other non-technical capabilities or make arrangements with third parties to perform theseservices. There are significant risks involved in building and managing a sales organization, including our ability to hire, retain and incentivize qualifiedindividuals, generate sufficient sales leads, provide adequate training to sales and marketing personnel and effectively manage a geographically dispersed sales andmarketing team. Any failure or delay in the development of our internal sales, marketing and distribution capabilities would adversely impact thecommercialization of these products. If we are unable to establish adequate sales, marketing and distribution capabilities, whether independently or with thirdparties, we may not be able to generate product revenues and may not become profitable. We will be competing with many companies that currently have extensiveand well-funded sales and marketing operations. Without an internal commercial organization or the support of a third party to perform sales and marketingfunctions, we may be unable to compete successfully against these more established companies. If we are not successful in commercializing our current or futureproduct candidates either on our own or through collaborations with one or more third parties, our future product revenue will suffer and we would incur significantadditional losses.We will need to grow the size of our organization, and we may experience difficulties in managing this growth.As of February 15, 2017, we had 96 employees. We need to grow the size of our organization in order to support our continued development and potentialcommercialization of our product candidates. In particular, we will need to add substantial numbers of additional personnel and other resources to support ourdevelopment and potential commercialization of our product candidates. As our development and commercialization plans and strategies continue to develop, or asa result of any future acquisitions, our need for additional managerial, operational, manufacturing, sales, marketing, financial and other resources will increase. Ourmanagement, personnel and systems currently in place may not be adequate to support this future growth. Future growth would impose significant addedresponsibilities on members of management, including: •managing our preclinical studies and clinical trials effectively; •identifying, recruiting, maintaining, motivating and integrating additional employees; •managing our internal development efforts effectively while complying with our contractual obligations to licensors, licensees, contractors and otherthird parties; •improving our managerial, development, operational, information technology, and finance systems; and •expanding our facilities.As our operations expand, we will also need to manage additional relationships with various strategic partners, suppliers and other third parties. Our futurefinancial performance and our ability to commercialize our product candidates and to compete effectively will depend, in part, on our ability to manage any futuregrowth effectively. To that end, we must be able to manage our development efforts and preclinical studies and clinical trials effectively and hire, train andintegrate additional management, research and development, manufacturing, administrative and sales and marketing personnel. Our failure to accomplish any ofthese tasks could prevent us from successfully growing our company.Our future success depends on our ability to retain our executive officers and to attract, retain and motivate qualified personnel.We are highly dependent upon our personnel, including Isaac E. Ciechanover, M.D., our President, Chief Executive Officer and founder, and ChristopherHaqq, Ph.D., M.D., our EVP, Chief Scientific Officer. Our employment agreements with Drs. Ciechanover and Haqq are at-will and do not prevent them fromterminating their employment with us at any time. The loss of the services of either of them could impede the achievement of our research, development andcommercialization objectives.Our future growth and success depend on our ability to recruit, retain, manage and motivate our employees. The loss of any member of our seniormanagement team or the inability to hire or retain experienced management personnel could compromise our ability to execute our business plan and harm ouroperating results. Because of the specialized scientific and managerial nature of our business, we rely heavily on our ability to attract and retain qualified scientific,technical and managerial personnel. The competition for qualified personnel in the pharmaceutical field is intense and as a result, we may be unable to continue toattract and retain qualified personnel necessary for the development of our business.45 Our relationships with customers and third-party payors will be subject to applicable anti-kickback, fraud and abuse and other health care laws andregulations, which could expose us to criminal sanctions, civil penalties, contractual damages, reputational harm and diminished profits and future earnings.Healthcare providers, physicians and third-party payors will play a primary role in the recommendation and prescription of any product candidates for whichwe obtain regulatory approval. Our future arrangements with third-party payors and customers may expose us to broadly applicable fraud and abuse and otherhealthcare laws and regulations that may constrain the business or financial arrangements and relationships through which we would market, sell and distribute ourproducts. As a pharmaceutical company, even though we do not and will not control referrals of healthcare services or bill directly to Medicare, Medicaid or otherthird-party payors, federal and state healthcare laws and regulations pertaining to fraud and abuse and patients’ rights are and will be applicable to our business.Restrictions under applicable federal and state healthcare laws and regulations that may affect our ability to operate include the following: •the federal healthcare Anti-Kickback Statute will constrain our marketing practices, educational programs, pricing policies, and relationships withhealthcare providers or other entities, by prohibiting, among other things, persons from knowingly and willfully soliciting, offering, receiving orproviding remuneration, directly or indirectly, overtly or covertly, in cash or in kind, to induce or reward, or in return for, either the referral of anindividual for, or the purchase, order or recommendation of, any good or service, for which payment may be made under a federal healthcareprogram such as Medicare and Medicaid; •federal civil and criminal false claims laws and civil monetary penalty laws impose criminal and civil penalties, including through civilwhistleblower or qui tam actions, against individuals or entities for knowingly presenting, or causing to be presented, to the federal government,including the Medicare and Medicaid programs, claims for payment or approval that are false or fraudulent or making a false statement to avoid,decrease or conceal an obligation to pay money to the federal government; •the federal Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996, or HIPAA, imposes criminal and civil liability for executing a scheme todefraud any healthcare benefit program and also created federal criminal laws that prohibit knowingly and willfully falsifying, concealing orcovering up a material fact or making any materially false statements in connection with the delivery of or payment for healthcare benefits, items orservices; •HIPAA, as amended by the Health Information Technology for Economic and Clinical Health Act, or HITECH, also imposes obligations, includingmandatory contractual terms, with respect to safeguarding the privacy, security and transmission of individually identifiable health information; •the federal physician sunshine requirements under the Affordable Care Act requires manufacturers of drugs, devices, biologics and medical suppliesto report annually to HHS information related to payments and other transfers of value to physicians, other healthcare providers, and teachinghospitals, and ownership and investment interests held by physicians and other healthcare providers and their immediate family members andapplicable group purchasing organizations; •analogous state and foreign laws and regulations, such as state anti-kickback and false claims laws, may apply to sales or marketing arrangementsand claims involving healthcare items or services reimbursed by non-governmental third-party payors, including private insurers; some state lawsrequire pharmaceutical companies to comply with the pharmaceutical industry’s voluntary compliance guidelines and the relevant complianceguidance promulgated by the federal government and may require drug manufacturers to report information related to payments and other transfersof value to physicians and other healthcare providers; and •marketing expenditures; and state and foreign laws govern the privacy and security of health information in specified circumstances, many of whichdiffer from each other in significant ways and often are not preempted by HIPAA, thus complicating compliance efforts.Efforts to ensure that our business arrangements with third parties will comply with applicable healthcare laws and regulations will involve substantial costs.It is possible that governmental authorities will conclude that our business practices may not comply with current or future statutes, regulations or case lawinvolving applicable fraud and abuse or other healthcare laws and regulations. If our operations are found to be in violation of any of these laws or any othergovernmental regulations that may apply to us, we may be subject to significant civil, criminal and administrative penalties, damages, fines, imprisonment,exclusion from government funded healthcare programs, such as Medicare and Medicaid, and the curtailment or restructuring of our operations. If any physiciansor other healthcare providers or entities with whom we expect to do business are found to not be in compliance with applicable laws, they may be subject tocriminal, civil or administrative sanctions, including exclusions from government funded healthcare programs.46 Our employees may engage in misconduct or other improper activities, including noncompliance with regulatory standards and requirements, which couldcause significant liabi lity for us and harm our reputation.We are exposed to the risk of employee fraud or other misconduct, including intentional failures to comply with FDA regulations or similar regulations ofcomparable foreign regulatory authorities, provide accurate information to the FDA or comparable foreign regulatory authorities, comply with manufacturingstandards we have established, comply with federal and state healthcare fraud and abuse laws and regulations and similar laws and regulations established andenforced by comparable foreign regulatory authorities, report financial information or data accurately or disclose unauthorized activities to us. Employeemisconduct could also involve the improper use of information obtained in the course of clinical trials, which could result in regulatory sanctions and serious harmto our reputation. It is not always possible to identify and deter employee misconduct, and the precautions we take to detect and prevent this activity may not beeffective in controlling unknown or unmanaged risks or losses or in protecting us from governmental investigations or other actions or lawsuits stemming from afailure to be in compliance with such laws or regulations. If any such actions are instituted against us, and we are not successful in defending ourselves or assertingour rights, those actions could have a significant impact on our business and results of operations, including the imposition of significant fines or other sanctions.Product liability lawsuits against us could cause us to incur substantial liabilities and to limit commercialization of any products that we may develop.We face an inherent risk of product liability exposure related to the testing of our product candidates in human clinical trials and will face an even greaterrisk if we commercially sell any products that we may develop. Product liability claims may be brought against us by subjects enrolled in our clinical trials,patients, healthcare providers or others using, administering or selling our products. If we cannot successfully defend ourselves against claims that our productcandidates or products caused injuries, we could incur substantial liabilities. Regardless of merit or eventual outcome, liability claims may result in: •decreased demand for any product candidates or products that we may develop; •termination of clinical trial sites or entire trial programs; •injury to our reputation and significant negative media attention; •withdrawal of clinical trial participants; •significant costs to defend the related litigation; •substantial monetary awards to trial subjects or patients; •loss of revenue; •diversion of management and scientific resources from our business operations; and •the inability to commercialize any products that we may develop.We currently hold product liability insurance coverage at a level that we believe is customary for similarly situated companies and adequate to provide uswith insurance coverage for foreseeable risks, but which may not be adequate to cover all liabilities that we may incur. Insurance coverage is increasinglyexpensive. We may not be able to maintain insurance coverage at a reasonable cost or in an amount adequate to satisfy any liability that may arise. We intend toexpand our insurance coverage for products to include the sale of commercial products if we obtain regulatory approval for our product candidates in development,but we may be unable to obtain commercially reasonable product liability insurance for any products that receive regulatory approval. Large judgments have beenawarded in class action lawsuits based on drugs that had unanticipated side effects. A successful product liability claim or series of claims brought against us,particularly if judgments exceed our insurance coverage, could decrease our cash and adversely affect our business.If we and our third-party manufacturers fail to comply with environmental, health and safety laws and regulations, we could become subject to fines orpenalties or incur costs that could have a material adverse effect on the success of our business.We and our third-party manufacturers are subject to numerous environmental, health and safety laws and regulations, including those governing laboratoryprocedures and the handling, use, storage, treatment and disposal of hazardous materials and wastes. Our operations involve the use of hazardous and flammablematerials, including chemicals and biological materials. Our operations also produce hazardous waste products. We generally contract with third parties for thedisposal of these materials and wastes. We cannot eliminate the risk of contamination or injury from these materials. In the event of contamination or injuryresulting from our or our third-party manufacturers’ use of hazardous materials, we could be held liable for any resulting damages, and any liability could exceedour resources. We also could incur significant costs associated with civil or criminal fines and penalties.47 Although we maintain workers’ compensation insurance to cover us for costs and expenses we may incur due to injuries to our employees resulting from theuse of hazardous materials with a policy limit that we believe is customary for similarly situated companies and adequate to provide us with insurance coverage forforeseeable risks, this insurance may no t provide adequate cover age against potential liabilities. We do not maintain insurance for environmental liability or toxictort claims that may be asserted against us in connection with our storage or disposal of biological or hazardous materials.In addition, we may incur substantial costs in order to comply with current or future environmental, health and safety laws and regulations. These current orfuture laws and regulations may impair our research, development or production efforts. Failure to comply with these laws and regulations also may result insubstantial fines, penalties or other sanctions, which could adversely affect our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects.Our business and operations would suffer in the event of computer system failures or security breaches.Our internal computer systems, and those of MSK, our CROs, our CMOs, and other business vendors on which we rely, are vulnerable to damage fromcomputer viruses, unauthorized access, natural disasters, fire, terrorism, war and telecommunication and electrical failures. We exercise little or no control overthese third parties, which increases our vulnerability to problems with their systems. If such an event were to occur and cause interruptions in our operations, itcould result in a material disruption of our drug development programs. For example, the loss of clinical trial data from completed, ongoing or planned clinicaltrials could result in delays in our regulatory approval efforts and significantly increase our costs to recover or reproduce the data. To the extent that any disruptionor security breach results in a loss of or damage to our data or applications, or inappropriate disclosure of confidential or proprietary information, we could incurliability, the further development of our product candidates could be delayed and our business could be otherwise adversely affected.Our ability to use our net operating loss carryforwards and certain other tax attributes may be limited.Our ability to use federal and state net operating loss, or NOL, carryforwards to offset potential future taxable income and related income taxes that wouldotherwise be due is dependent upon our generation of future taxable income before the expiration dates of the NOL carryforwards, and we cannot predict withcertainty when, or whether, we will generate sufficient taxable income to use all or a portion of our NOL carryforwards. As of December 31, 2016, we had federaland state NOL carryforwards for tax return purposes of $100.0 million and $130.1 million, respectively, which, if not utilized, begin to expire in various amountsbeginning in the year 2032. Under Section 382 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, or the Code, if over a rolling three-year period, the cumulativechange in our ownership exceeds 50% (as determined under applicable Treasury regulations), our ability to utilize our U.S. NOL carryforwards and other pre-change tax attributes (such as research tax credits) to offset future taxable income or taxes may be limited. We completed a Section 382 study of transactions in ourstock through December 31, 2016 and concluded that we have experienced at least one ownership change since inception and our utilization of NOL carryforwardswill therefore be subject to annual limitation. Our ability to utilize our NOL carryforwards may be further limited as a result of subsequent ownership changes.Similar rules may apply under state tax laws. Further, other provisions of the Code may limit our ability to utilize NOLs incurred before our recapitalization tooffset income or gain realized after the recapitalization, unless such income or gain is realized by the same entity that originally incurred such NOLs. In addition, atthe state level, there may be periods during which the use of NOLs is suspended or otherwise limited. Such limitations could result in the expiration of our NOLcarryforwards before they can be utilized and, if we are profitable, our future cash flows could be adversely affected due to our increased tax liability.Business disruptions could seriously harm our future revenues and financial condition and increase our costs and expenses.Our operations could be subject to earthquakes, power shortages, telecommunications failures, water shortages, floods, hurricanes, typhoons, fires, extremeweather conditions, medical epidemics and other natural or manmade disasters or business interruptions, for which we are predominantly self-insured. Two of ourcorporate locations are located in California, an area prone to earthquakes. The occurrence of any of these business disruptions could seriously harm our operationsand financial condition and increase our costs and expenses. We rely on third-party manufacturers to produce our product candidates. Our ability to obtain clinicalsupplies of product candidates could be disrupted, if the operations of these suppliers are affected by a man-made or natural disaster or other business interruption.The ultimate impact on us, our significant suppliers and our general infrastructure is unknown, but our operations and financial condition could suffer in the eventof a major earthquake, fire or other natural disaster.Risks Related to Ownership of Our Common StockOur stock price has been and will likely continue to be volatile and may decline regardless of our operating performance.Our stock price has fluctuated in the past and can be expected to be volatile in the future. From October 16, 2014, the first date of trading of our commonstock, through December 31, 2016, the reported sale price of our common stock has fluctuated between $9.66 and $65.56 per share. The stock market in generaland the market for biotechnology companies in particular have experienced48 extreme volatility that has often been unrelated to the ope rating performance of particular companies. As a result of this volatility, investors may experience losseson their investment in our common stock. The market price of our common stock may be influenced by many factors, including the following: •the success of competitive products or technologies; •regulatory actions with respect to our product candidates or products or our competitors’ product candidates or products; •actual or anticipated changes in our growth rate relative to our competitors; •announcements by us or our competitors of significant acquisitions, strategic partnerships, joint ventures, collaborations or capital commitments; •results of clinical trials of our product candidates or those of our competitors; •regulatory or legal developments in the United States and other countries; •developments or disputes concerning patent applications, issued patents or other proprietary rights; •the recruitment or departure of key personnel; •the level of expenses related to any of our product candidates or clinical development programs; •the results of our efforts to in-license or acquire additional product candidates or products; •actual or anticipated changes in estimates as to financial results, development timelines or recommendations by securities analysts; •variations in our financial results or those of companies that are perceived to be similar to us; •fluctuations in the valuation of companies perceived by investors to be comparable to us; •inconsistent trading volume levels of our shares; •announcement or expectation of additional financing efforts; •sales of our common stock by us, our insiders or our other stockholders; •changes in the structure of healthcare payment systems; •market conditions in the pharmaceutical and biotechnology sectors; •general economic, industry and market conditions; and •the other risks described in this “Risk Factors” section.We may be subject to securities litigation, which is expensive and could divert management attention.The market price of our common stock has been volatile, and in the past companies that have experienced volatility in the market price of their stock havebeen subject to securities class action litigation. We may be the target of this type of litigation in the future. Securities litigation against us could result in substantialcosts and divert our management’s attention from other business concerns, which could seriously harm our business.Our principal stockholders and management own a significant percentage of our stock and will be able to exert significant control over matters subject tostockholder approval.Our executive officers, directors and stockholders own a significant portion of our outstanding voting stock. These stockholders may be able to determinethe outcome of all matters requiring stockholder approval. For example, these stockholders may be able to control elections of directors, amendments of ourorganizational documents, or approval of any merger, sale of assets, or other major corporate transaction. This may prevent or discourage unsolicited acquisitionproposals or offers for our common stock that you may feel are in your best interest as one of our stockholders. The interests of this group of stockholders may notalways coincide with your interests or the interests of other stockholders and they may act in a manner that advances their best interests and not necessarily those ofother stockholders, including seeking a premium value for their common stock, and might affect the prevailing market price for our common stock.49 Sales of a substantial n umber of shares of our common stock in the public market could cause our stock price to fall.Sales of a substantial number of shares of our common stock in the public market could occur at any time. These sales, or the perception in the market thatthe holders of a large number of shares intend to sell shares, could reduce the market price of our common stock. Moreover, certain holders of shares of ourcommon stock will have rights, subject to certain conditions, to require us to file registration statements covering their shares or to include their shares inregistration statements that we may file for ourselves or other stockholders. We have registered and intend to continue to register all shares of common stock thatwe may issue under our equity compensation plans. Once we register these shares, they can be freely sold in the public market upon issuance, subject to volumelimitations applicable to affiliates.We are an “emerging growth company” and are taking advantage of reduced disclosure and governance requirements applicable to emerging growthcompanies, which could result in our common stock being less attractive to investors.We are an “emerging growth company,” as defined in the JOBS Act, and we are taking advantage of certain exemptions from various reportingrequirements that are applicable to other public companies that are not emerging growth companies including, but not limited to, not being required to comply withthe auditor attestation requirements of Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, reduced disclosure obligations regarding executive compensation in our periodicreports and proxy statements, and exemptions from the requirements of holding a nonbinding advisory vote on executive compensation and stockholder approval ofany golden parachute payments not previously approved. We cannot predict if investors will find our common stock less attractive because we will rely on theseexemptions. If some investors find our common stock less attractive as a result, there may be a less active trading market for our common stock and our stock pricemay be more volatile. We may take advantage of these reporting exemptions until we are no longer an emerging growth company, which in certain circumstancescould be for up to five years from the date of our initial public offering. We will cease to be an “emerging growth company” upon the earliest of: (1) December 31,2019; (2) the last day of the first fiscal year in which our annual gross revenues are $1 billion or more; (3) the date on which we have, during the previous rollingthree-year period, issued more than $1 billion in non-convertible debt securities; and (4) the date on which we are deemed to be a “large accelerated filer” asdefined in the Exchange Act.Our status as an “emerging growth company” under the JOBS Act may make it more difficult to raise capital as and when we need it.Because of the exemptions from various reporting requirements provided to us as an “emerging growth company” we may be less attractive to investors andit may be difficult for us to raise additional capital as and when we need it. Investors may be unable to compare our business with other companies in our industry ifthey believe that our financial accounting is not as transparent as other companies in our industry. If we are unable to raise additional capital as and when we needit, our financial condition and results of operations may be materially and adversely affected.We have incurred and will continue to incur increased costs as a result of being a public company and our management expects to devote substantial time topublic company compliance programs.As a public company, we have incurred and will continue to incur significant legal, accounting and other expenses. We are subject to the reportingrequirements of the Exchange Act, which require, among other things, that we file with the SEC annual, quarterly and current reports with respect to our businessand financial condition. In addition, the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, as well as rules subsequently adopted by the SEC and The Nasdaq Stock Market to implementprovisions of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, impose significant requirements on public companies, including requiring establishment and maintenance of effectivedisclosure and financial controls and changes in corporate governance practices. Further, pursuant to the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer ProtectionAct of 2010, the SEC has adopted and will adopt additional rules and regulations, such as mandatory “say on pay” voting requirements, that will apply to us whenwe cease to be an emerging growth company. Stockholder activism, the current political environment and the potential for future regulatory reform may lead tosubstantial new regulations and disclosure obligations, which may lead to additional compliance costs and impact the manner in which we operate our business inways we cannot currently anticipate.The rules and regulations applicable to public companies have substantially increased our legal and financial compliance costs and make some activitiesmore time-consuming and costly. To the extent these requirements divert the attention of our management and personnel from other business concerns, they couldhave a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. The increased costs will decrease our net income or increase our netloss, and may require us to reduce costs in other areas of our business or increase the prices of our products or services.50 Because we do not anticipate paying any cash dividends on our capit al stock in the foreseeable future, capital appreciation, if any, will be your sole source ofpotential gain.We have never declared or paid cash dividends on our capital stock. We currently intend to retain all of our future earnings, if any, to finance the growth anddevelopment of our business. In addition, the terms of any future debt agreements may preclude us from paying dividends. As a result, capital appreciation, if any,of our common stock will be your sole source of gain for the foreseeable future.Future sales and issuances of our common stock or rights to purchase common stock, including pursuant to our equity incentive plans, could result inadditional dilution of the percentage ownership of our stockholders and could cause our stock price to fall.We expect that significant additional capital will be needed in the future to continue our planned operations. To raise capital, we may sell substantialamounts of common stock or securities convertible into or exchangeable for common stock. These future issuances of common stock or common stock-relatedsecurities, together with the exercise of outstanding options and any additional shares issued in connection with acquisitions or in-licenses, if any, may result inmaterial dilution to our investors. Such sales may also result in material dilution to our existing stockholders, and new investors could gain rights, preferences andprivileges senior to those of holders of our common stock.Pursuant to our equity incentive plans, our compensation committee is authorized to grant equity-based incentive awards to our employees, non-employeedirectors and consultants. Future grants of RSUs, options and other equity awards and issuances of common stock under our equity incentive plans will result indilution and may have an adverse effect on the market price of our common stock. Some provisions of our charter documents and Delaware law may have anti-takeover effects that could discourage an acquisition of us by others, even if anacquisition would be beneficial to our stockholders and may prevent attempts by our stockholders to replace or remove our current management.Provisions in our amended and restated certificate of incorporation, or certificate of incorporation, and amended and restated bylaws, or bylaws, as well asprovisions of Delaware law, could make it more difficult for a third party to acquire us or increase the cost of acquiring us, even if doing so would benefit ourstockholders, or remove our current management. These include provisions that will: •permit our board of directors to issue up to 20,000,000 shares of preferred stock, with any rights, preferences and privileges as they may designate; •provide that all vacancies on our board of directors, including as a result of newly created directorships, may, except as otherwise required by law, befilled by the affirmative vote of a majority of directors then in office, even if less than a quorum; •require that any action to be taken by our stockholders must be effected at a duly called annual or special meeting of stockholders and not be takenby written consent; •provide that stockholders seeking to present proposals before a meeting of stockholders or to nominate candidates for election as directors at ameeting of stockholders must provide advance notice in writing, and also specify requirements as to the form and content of a stockholder’s notice; •not provide for cumulative voting rights, thereby allowing the holders of a majority of the shares of common stock entitled to vote in any election ofdirectors to elect all of the directors standing for election; and •provide that special meetings of our stockholders may be called only by the board of directors or by such person or persons requested by a majorityof the board of directors to call such meetings.These provisions may frustrate or prevent any attempts by our stockholders to replace or remove our current management by making it more difficult forstockholders to replace members of our board of directors, who are responsible for appointing the members of our management. For example, our board is dividedinto three classes. Each class has a three-year term. These classes make it more difficult to replace a majority of our directors in a short period of time. Because weare incorporated in Delaware, we are governed by the provisions of Section 203 of the Delaware General Corporation Law, which may discourage, delay or preventsomeone from acquiring us or merging with us whether or not it is desired by or beneficial to our stockholders. Under Delaware law, a corporation may not, ingeneral, engage in a business combination with any holder of 15% or more of its capital stock unless the holder has held the stock for three years or, among otherthings, the board of directors has approved the transaction. Any provision of our amended and restated certificate of incorporation or amended and restated bylawsor Delaware law that has the effect of delaying or deterring a change in control could limit the opportunity for our stockholders to receive a premium for theirshares of our common stock, and could also affect the price that some investors are willing to pay for our common stock.51 If securities or industry analysts do not publish research or publish inaccurate or unfavorable research about our business, our stock price and trading volumecould decline.The trading market for our common stock will depend in part on the research and reports that securities or industry analysts publish about us or ourbusiness. In the event securities or industry analysts who cover us downgrade our stock or publish inaccurate or unfavorable research about our business, our stockprice would likely decline. If one or more of these analysts cease coverage of our company or fail to publish reports on us regularly, demand for our stock coulddecrease, which might cause our stock price and trading volume to decline. 52 It em 1B. Unresolved Staff CommentsNone. Item 2. PropertiesOur corporate headquarters are currently located in South San Francisco, California and consists of approximately 13,670 square feet of leased officespace. The lease is expected to expire in April 2021. We also lease office space in Westlake Village, California that expires in April 2019. In February 2017, weentered into a lease agreement for approximately 90,580 square feet of office, lab and cellular therapy manufacturing space in Thousand Oaks, California. Theterm of the lease commences when the landlord delivers possession of the property to us, which is currently estimated to be in the fourth quarter of 2017. Upon thecommencement of the lease, the initial term of the lease is fifteen years. Item 3. Legal ProceedingsNone. Item 4. Mine Safety DisclosuresNot applicable. 53 P ART II Item 5. Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity SecuritiesMarket InformationOur common stock has been listed on The Nasdaq Global Select Market under the symbol "ATRA" since October 16, 2014. Prior to that time, there was nopublic market for our common stock. The following table sets forth for the indicated periods the high and low intra-day sales prices per share for our common stockon The Nasdaq Global Select Market. Year ended December 31, 2015 High Low First Quarter $43.66 $17.20 Second Quarter $64.35 $36.00 Third Quarter $65.56 $30.49 Fourth Quarter $40.80 $19.50 Year ended December 31, 2016 High Low First Quarter $26.00 $13.31 Second Quarter $23.25 $14.29 Third Quarter $25.73 $19.00 Fourth Quarter $21.85 $12.45 On February 15, 2017, there were 12 stockholders of record of our common stock and the closing price of our common stock was $16.10 per share asreported on The Nasdaq Global Select Market. We are unable to estimate the total number of stockholders represented by these record holders, as many of ourshares are held by brokers and other institutions on behalf of our stockholders. Dividend PolicyWe have never declared or paid cash dividends on our capital stock. We currently intend to retain any future earnings for use in the operation of ourbusiness and do not intend to declare or pay any cash dividends in the foreseeable future. Any further determination to pay dividends on our capital stock will be atthe discretion of our board of directors, subject to applicable laws, and will depend on our financial condition, results of operations, capital requirements, generalbusiness conditions and other factors that our board of directors considers relevant.Securities Authorized for Issuance under Equity Compensation PlansInformation about our equity compensation plans is incorporated herein by reference to Item 12 of Part III of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.Stock Performance GraphSet forth below is a graph comparing the cumulative total return on an indexed basis of a $100 investment in the Company’s common stock, the NasdaqComposite Index and the Nasdaq Biotechnology Index commencing on October 16, 2014 (the date our common stock began trading on The Nasdaq Stock Market)and continuing through December 31, 2016. The graph assumes our closing sale price on October 16, 2014 of $10.65 per share as the initial value of our commonstock for indexing purposes. Points on the graph represent the performance as of the last business day of each of the fiscal quarters indicated.This performance graph shall not be deemed “soliciting material” or to be “filed” with the SEC for purposes of Section 18 of the Exchange Act orincorporated by reference into any filing of Atara Biotherapeutics, Inc. under the Securities Act or the Exchange Act, except to the extent we specificallyincorporate it by reference into such filing. The past performance of our common stock is no indication of future performance.54 COMPARISON OF CUMULATIVE TOTAL RETURN* Among Atara Biotherapeutics, Inc., the Nasdaq Composite Index and the Nasdaq Biotechnology Index *Assumes $100 invested in our common stock or the related index on October 16, 2014.55 It em 6. Selected Consolidated and Combined Financial DataThe following selected consolidated and combined financial data of the Company for each of the periods indicated are derived from the Company’s auditedconsolidated and combined financial statements. The consolidated and combined financial statements of the Company as of December 31, 2016 and 2015 and forthe years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014 , and the related reports of the independent registered public accounting firm are included elsewhere in thisAnnual Report on Form 10-K. The data presented below should be read in conjunction with the Company’s financial statements, the notes thereto, and"Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations" included elsewhere in this report. Period from Aug. 22, 2012 Year ended Year ended Year ended Year ended (Inception) to Consolidated and Combined Statements of Operations December 31, December 31, December 31, December 31, December 31, and Comprehensive Loss Data: 2016 2015 2014 2013 2012 (In thousands, except per share amounts) Operating expenses: Research and development $56,514 $41,618 $15,446 $4,859 $3,259 General and administrative 24,728 16,830 12,710 3,756 834 Total operating expenses 81,242 58,448 28,156 8,615 4,093 Loss from operations (81,242) (58,448) (28,156) (8,615) (4,093)Interest and other income, net 2,203 1,218 125 12 — Loss before provision for income taxes (79,039) (57,230) (28,031) (8,603) (4,093)Provision (benefit) for income taxes 10 (9) (25) 170 17 Net loss $(79,049) $(57,221) $(28,006) $(8,773) $(4,110)Other comprehensive loss: Unrealized gain (loss) on available-for-sale securities 335 (418) (100) — — Comprehensive loss $(78,714) $(57,639) $(28,106) $(8,773) $(4,110) Basic and diluted net loss per common share $(2.75) $(2.24) $(5.62) $(9.08) $(5.60) As of December 31, Consolidated and Combined Balance Sheet Data: 2016 2015 2014 2013 2012 (In thousands) Cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments $255,682 $320,482 $104,116 $51,615 $4,207 Working capital $250,878 $314,888 $103,302 $50,284 $2,940 Total assets $263,914 $324,975 $106,122 $51,828 $4,290 Long-term liabilities $503 $166 $216 $230 $4 Convertible preferred stock $— $— $— $61,091 $6,711 Total stockholders' equity (deficit) $253,736 $315,100 $103,182 $(11,017) $(3,727) 56 It em 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of OperationsYou should read the following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations together with our audited consolidated andcombined financial statements and related notes included elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. This discussion and other parts of this Annual Reportcontain forward-looking statements that involve risk and uncertainties, such as statements of our plans, objectives, expectations and intentions. As a result of manyfactors, including those factors set forth in the “Risk Factors” section of this Annual Report, our actual results could differ materially from the results described inor implied by the forward-looking statements contained in the following discussion and analysis.We are a clinical-stage biopharmaceutical company focused on developing meaningful therapies for patients with severe and life-threatening diseases thathave been underserved by scientific innovation. We are focused on developing allogeneic, or third-party derived, antigen-specific T-cells. T-cells are a type ofwhite blood cell. Cytotoxic T-cells, otherwise known as cytotoxic T lymphocytes, or CTLs, can mount an immune response against an antigen or antigens in orderto combat viral infection or disease. Our cellular therapy platform is designed to provide a healthy immune capability to a patient whose immune system is compromised or is unable to identifythe disease targets. Our product candidates are derived from cells donated by healthy individuals. These cells are trained to recognize an antigen, expanded,characterized, banked and held as inventory. These cells are ready to infuse in a partially human leukocyte antigen, or HLA, matched patient in approximately 3-5days. Once administered, the cells home to their target, expand in-vivo to eliminate diseased cells, and eventually recede. This versatile platform can be directedtowards a broad array of disease causing targets and has demonstrated clinical proof of concept across both viral and non-viral targets in conditions ranging fromliquid and solid tumors to infectious and autoimmune diseases. We licensed rights to T-cell product candidates from Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, orMSK, in June 2015 and to know how and technology from QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, or QIMR Berghofer, in October 2015 and September2016.Our relationship with QIMR Berghofer provides rights to know how and a technology that is complementary to that which was licensed from MSK. Thisknow-how and technology is enabling the development of EBV and other virally targeted CTLs for other indications such as multiple sclerosis, or MS. We areworking with QIMR Berghofer on the development of product candidates for these new indications.ATA129 Our most advanced T-cell product candidate, ATA129 (previously referred to as EBV-CTL), is currently being investigated for the treatment of Epstein-Barr virus, or EBV, associated post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder, or EBV-PTLD. In immunocompromised patients, EBV causes lymphomas and otherlymphoproliferative disorders, collectively called EBV-PTLD. EBV-PTLD most commonly affects patients after hematopoietic cell transplant, or HCT, or aftersolid organ transplant, or SOT. In December 2016, we announced that we had reached agreement with the U.S. Food and Drug Administration, or FDA, on thedesigns of two Phase 3 trials for ATA129 intended to support approval in two separate indications, the treatment of rituximab-refractory EBV-PTLD, after HCTand after SOT.The MATCH trial (EBV-PTLD after HCT) is designed to be a multicenter, open label, single arm trial designed to enroll approximately 35 patents withrituximab refractory EBV-PTLD after HCT. The ALLELE trial (EBV-PTLD after SOT) is designed to be a multicenter, open label trial with two non-comparativecohorts. Each cohort is designed to enroll approximately 35 patients. The first cohort will include patients who previously received rituximab monotherapy, andthe second cohort will include patients who previously received rituximab plus chemotherapy. Both cohorts are planned to enroll concurrently.The primary endpoint of both the MATCH and ALLELE trials is objective response rate, defined as the percent of patients achieving either a complete orpartial response to treatment with ATA 129. Secondary endpoints for both trials include duration of response, overall survival, safety, quality of life metrics, andother data in support of potential health economic benefits. The trials are expected to open initially in the United States and later expand to include ex-U.S. sites.In addition, in June 2016, we opened a multicenter expanded access protocol, or EAP, trial to provide access to ATA129 treatment and collect additionalsafety data while the medication is not commercially available or available to patients through another protocol. The trial is open to patients with EBV-associatedviremia or certain malignancies for whom there are no appropriate alternative treatment options.We generated and evaluated data from new material manufactured by our contract manufacturing organization, or CMO, and initiated discussions with theFDA. We have been successful in producing ATA129 drug product and identified certain assays that need refinement prior to initiating the Phase 3 trials. We arerefining these assays within our laboratories, manufacturing lots to further support comparability evaluations and the Phase 3 trials, and expect to review these datain ongoing discussions with the FDA. 57 In clinical t rials that enrolled patients with EBV-PTLD following HCT or SOT, efficacy following treatment with ATA129 compared favorably withhistorical data in these patient populations. In rituximab-refractory patients with EBV-PTLD after HCT, treatment with ATA129 resulted in one-year overallsurvival of approximately 60% in two separate clinical trials in comparison with historical data where median survival, or the time by which 50% of patients haddied, was 16-56 days. In the setting of rituximab-refractory EBV-P TLD after SOT, similar results were observed, with one-year overall survival of approximately60% in ATA129-treated patients in comparison with an expected historical one-year survival of 36% in patients with high risk disease similar to the patients treated in the trials. In February 2015, the FDA, granted breakthrough therapy designation for ATA129 in the treatment of rituximab-refractory EBV-PTLD after HCT.Breakthrough therapy designation is an FDA process designed to accelerate the development and revi ew of drugs intended to treat a serious condition when earlytrials show that the drug may be substantially better than current treatment. In February 2016, the FDA granted orphan drug designation for ATA129 for thetreatment of patients with EBV-PTLD afte r HCT or SOT. We are also pursing marketing approval of ATA129 in the European Union, or EU. In March 2016, the European Medicines Agency, or EMA, issued apositive opinion for orphan drug designation for ATA129 for the treatment of patients with EBV-PTLD. In October 2016, the EMA Committee for MedicinalProducts for Human Use, or CHMP, and Committee for Advanced Therapies, or CAT, granted access to the EMA’s newly established Priority Medicines, orPRIME, regulatory initiative for ATA129 for the treatment of patients with rituximab refractory EBV-PTLD following HCT. PRIME provides early enhancedregulatory support to facilitate regulatory applications and accelerate the review of medicines that address a high unmet need. In January 2017, we announced thatpursuant to parallel scientific advice from the EMA’s Scientific Advice Working Group and several national Health Technology Assessment, or HTA, agencies inthe EU, in 2018 we plan to submit an application for Conditional Marketing Authorization, or CMA, of ATA129 in the treatment of patients with rituximabrefractory EBV-PTLD following HCT. The CMA will be based on clinical data from Phase 1 and 2 trials conducted at MSK and supported by available data fromour Phase 3 trials in rituximab refractory EBV-PTLD after HCT and SOT, which will be ongoing at the time of filing.Other T-Cell ProgramsATA188Our second T-cell product candidate, ATA188, is in development for the treatment of multiple sclerosis, or MS. ATA188 is a third party derived EBV-CTLthat is targeted to specific antigens that we believe are important for the treatment of MS. We expect to initiate a Phase 1 trial in patients with MS in the second halfof 2017. In addition, our partner, QIMR Berghofer, is currently conducting a Phase 1 trial utilizing the autologous version of ATA188 for the treatment of patientswith either secondary or progressive MS. The trial is currently enrolling. We have an exclusive option to license this program from QIMR Berghofer. ATA520Our third T-cell product candidate, ATA520, targets cancers expressing the antigen Wilms Tumor 1, or WT1, and is currently in Phase 1 clinical trials. WT1is an intracellular protein that is overexpressed in a number of cancers, including multiple myeloma, or MM. MSK has two ongoing Phase 1 clinical trialsevaluating ATA520. The first trial is a dose escalation trial of ATA520 for residual or relapsed leukemia after HCT. The second trial is a dose escalation trial ofATA520 following T-cell depleted HCT for patients with relapsed or refractory MM, including plasma cell leukemia, or PCL. Based on data from these trials, weintend to develop ATA520 in hematologic malignancies, including PCL. We expect to initiate a Phase 1/2 clinical trial in patients with hematologic malignancies in2018. ATA230 Our fourth T-cell product candidate, ATA230, which is a third-party derived cytomegalovirus, or CMV, CTL, is in Phase 2 clinical trials for refractoryCMV an infection that occurs in some patients who have received an HCT or SOT or are otherwise immunocompromised. We met with the FDA for an end ofPhase 2 meeting to discuss late stage development of ATA230 for the treatment of anti-viral refractory or resistant CMV infection following either HCT or SOT. Given the opportunity to pursue a conditional marketing authorization in the EU for ATA129, we have decided to prioritize at this time our EBV related programsahead of ATA230. Therefore, we intend to further evaluate ATA230 Phase 3 trial designs following the initiation of our ATA129 Phase 3 trials.We have a limited operating history. Since our inception in 2012, we have devoted substantially all of our resources to identify, acquire and develop ourproduct candidates, including conducting preclinical studies and clinical trials and providing general and administrative support for these operations.58 We have never generated revenues and have incurred losses since inception. Our net losses were $79.0 million, $57.2 million and $28.0 million for the yearsended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014, respectively. As of December 31, 2016, we had an accumulated deficit of $177.2 million. Substantially all of our netlosses have resulted from costs incurred in connection with our research and development programs and from general and administrativ e expenses associated withour operations. As of December 31, 2016, our cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments totaled $255.7 million, which we intend to use to fund ouroperations.Financial OverviewBasis of Presentation and RecapitalizationAtara, Nina Biotherapeutics, Inc., or Nina , Pinta Biotherapeutics, Inc., or Pinta, and Santa Maria Biotherapeutics, Inc., or Santa Maria, were incorporated inAugust 2012. Atara was originally formed as a management company with the sole purpose of providing management, financial and administrative services forNina, Pinta and Santa Maria. Prior to our recapitalization on March 31, 2014, the results of operations and financial condition of the four companies are presentedon a combined basis as they were under common management and common ownership, with intercompany transactions eliminated.On March 31, 2014, we implemented a recapitalization in which (a) all the outstanding shares of common stock of Atara were cancelled and forfeited byexisting stockholders and (b) the stockholders of Nina, Pinta and Santa Maria exchanged their existing common and convertible preferred stock for newly-issuedshares of Atara, in the same proportions and with the same rights and privileges as the outstanding capital stock of Nina, Pinta and Santa Maria, on a collectivenine-for-one basis. Atara assumed the separate equity incentive plans sponsored by Nina, Pinta and Santa Maria and all outstanding restricted stock units (“RSUs”)and restricted stock awards (“RSAs”) granted under such plans. At the time of RSU settlement, each employee or consultant will receive one share of commonstock of Atara for three RSUs in each of Nina, Pinta, and Santa Maria (collectively, a nine-for-one exchange). We refer to this transaction as our recapitalization.As a result of the recapitalization, Nina, Pinta and Santa Maria became wholly owned subsidiaries of Atara effective March 31, 2014. The recapitalization wasaccounted for as a combination of businesses under common control and the assets and liabilities of Nina, Pinta and Santa Maria were recorded by Atara at theirhistorical carrying amounts on March 31, 2014. Beginning March 31, 2014, our financial statements are presented on a consolidated basis, with all intercompanytransactions eliminated. Except as otherwise noted, all share and per share amounts presented in this “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of FinancialCondition and Results of Operations” give effect to the recapitalization.RevenuesTo date, we have not generated any revenues. We do not expect to receive any revenues from any product candidates that we develop until we obtainregulatory approval and commercialize our products or enter into collaborative agreements with third parties.Research and Development ExpensesThe largest component of our total operating expenses since inception has been our investment in research and development activities, including thepreclinical and clinical development of our product candidates. Research and development expenses consist primarily of compensation and benefits for researchand development employees, including stock-based compensation; expenses incurred under agreements with contract research organizations and investigative sitesthat conduct clinical trials and preclinical studies; the costs of acquiring and manufacturing clinical trial materials and other supplies; payments under licensing andresearch and development agreements; other outside services and consulting costs; and an allocation of facilities and overhead expenses. Research and developmentcosts are expensed as incurred.We plan to increase our research and development expenses as we continue the development of our product candidates. Our current planned research anddevelopment activities include the following: •advancing ATA129 into Phase 3 clinical trials for the treatment of EBV-PTLD after HCT and SOT; •process development, testing and manufacturing of drug supply to support clinical trials and IND-enabling studies; •initiation of the Phase 1 trial of ATA188 in MS; •continuing development of ATA520 for the treatment of hematologic malignancies, including plasma cell leukemia; •collaborating with MSK and QIMR Berghofer in the discovery and development of additional T-cell programs; •enrollment of patients in the ATA129 clinical trials; and •leveraging our relationships and experience to in-license or acquire additional product candidates or technologies.59 In addition, we believe it is important to invest in the development of new product candidates to continue to build the value of our product candidatepipeline and our business. We plan to continue to advance our most promising early product candidates into preclinical development with the objective to advancethese early-stage programs to human clinical trials o ver the next several years.Our expenditures on current and future preclinical and clinical development programs are subject to numerous uncertainties in timing and cost tocompletion. The duration, costs, and timing of clinical trials and development of our product candidates will depend on a variety of factors, including: •the availability of qualified material for use in our planned Phase 3 or other clinical trials; •the scope, rate of progress, and expenses of our ongoing as well as any additional clinical trials and other research and development activities; •future clinical trial results; •uncertainties in clinical trial enrollment rates or discontinuation rates of patients; •potential additional safety monitoring or other studies requested by regulatory agencies; •significant and changing government regulation; and •the timing and receipt of any regulatory approvals.The process of conducting the necessary clinical research to obtain FDA approval is costly and time consuming and the successful development of ourproduct candidates is highly uncertain. The risks and uncertainties associated with our research and development projects are discussed more fully in the section ofthis report titled “1A. Risk Factors.” As a result of these risks and uncertainties, we are unable to determine with any degree of certainty the duration andcompletion costs of our research and development projects, or if, when, or to what extent we will generate revenues from the commercialization and sale of any ofour product candidates that obtain regulatory approval. We may never succeed in achieving regulatory approval for any of our product candidates.General and Administrative ExpensesGeneral and administrative expenses consist primarily of compensation and benefits for general and administrative employees, including stock-basedcompensation; outside professional service costs, including legal, patent, human resources, audit and accounting services; and allocated facilities costs. Weanticipate that our general and administrative expenses will continue to increase in the future as we increase our headcount to support our continued research anddevelopment and potential commercialization of one or more of our product candidates.Interest and Other Income, netInterest and other income, net consists primarily of interest earned on our cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments.60 Critical Accounting Policies and Significant Judgment s and EstimatesOur management’s discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations is based on our consolidated and combined financialstatements, which have been prepared in accordance with GAAP. The preparation of these financial statements requires us to make estimates and assumptions thataffect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities and expenses. On an on-going basis, we evaluate our critical accounting policies and estimates. We base ourestimates on historical experience and on various other assumptions that we believe to be reasonable in the circumstances, the results of which form the basis formaking judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. Actual results may differ from these estimatesunder different assumptions and conditions. Our significant judgments and estimates are detailed below, and our significant accounting policies are more fullydescribed in Note 2 of the accompanying consolidated and combined financial statements . Description Judgments and UncertaintiesEffect if Actual Results Differ fromAssumptionsAccrued Research and Development Expenses As part of the process of preparing our financial statements,we are required to estimate and accrue expenses, the largestof which is related to research and development expenses,including those related to clinical trials and drugmanufacturing. This process involves reviewing contractsand purchase orders, identifying and evaluating the servicesthat have been performed on our behalf, and estimating theassociated cost incurred for the services when we have notyet been invoiced or otherwise notified of the actual costs.Costs for preclinical studies, clinical trials andmanufacturing activities are recognized based onan evaluation of our vendors’ progress towardscompletion of specific tasks, using data such aspatient enrollment, clinical site activations orinformation provided to us by our vendorsregarding their actual costs incurred. Payments forthese activities are based on the terms ofindividual contracts and payment timing maydiffer significantly from the period in which theservices were performed. We determine accrualestimates through reports from and discussionswith applicable personnel and outside serviceproviders as to the progress or state of completionof trials, or the services completed. Our estimatesof accrued expenses as of each balance sheet dateare based on the facts and circumstances known atthe time.For the years ended December 31, 2016 and2015, there were no material changes from ourestimates of accrued research and developmentexpenses. Costs that are paid in advance ofperformance are deferred as a prepaid expenseand amortized over the service period as theservices are provided. We do not believe there is a reasonablelikelihood that there will be a material changein the future estimates of accrued research anddevelopment expenses. However, if actualresults are not consistent with our estimates, wemay be exposed to changes in accrued researchand development expenses that could bematerial or the accrued research anddevelopment expenses reported in our financialstatements may not be representative of theactual economic cost of accrued research anddevelopment. A 10% change in accrued research anddevelopment expenses could have impacted ournet loss by $0.2 million for 2016. 61 Stock-based Compensation We have stock-based compensation programs, whichinclude restricted stock agreements, or RSAs, restrictedstock units, or RSUs, stock options and an employee stockpurchase plan. See Note 2– “Summary of SignificantAccounting Policies” and Note 8 – “Stockholders' Equity” inthe Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements, included inItem 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data of thisreport for a complete discussion of our stock-basedcompensation programs. We account for stock-basedcompensation expense, including the expense for restrictedstock agreements, or RSAs, and grants of restricted stockunits, or RSUs, and stock options that may be settled inshares of our common stock, based on the fair values of theequity instruments issued. The fair value is determined onthe measurement date, which is generally the date of grantfor employee awards and the date when the serviceperformance is completed for non-employees. The fair valuefor our RSAs is their intrinsic value, which is the differencebetween the fair value of the underlying stock at themeasurement date and the purchase price. The fair value ofour RSUs is the fair value of the underlying stock at themeasurement date. The fair value for our stock optionawards is determined at the grant date using the Black-Scholes valuation model. For employees’ awards withperformance-based vesting criteria, we assess the probabilityof the achievement of the performance conditions at the endof each reporting period and recognize the share-basedcompensation costs when it becomes probable that theperformance conditions will be met. For non-employees’awards with performance-based vesting criteria, we assessall possible outcomes at the end of each reporting period andrecognize the lowest aggregate fair value in the range ofpossible outcomes. The lowest value in the range of possibleoutcomes may be zero. For awards that are subject to bothservice and performance conditions, no expense isrecognized until it is probable that performance conditionswill be met. Stock-based compensation expense for awardswith time-based vesting criteria is recognized as expense ona straight-line basis over the requisite service period. Stock-based compensation for awards with performance and othervesting criteria is recognized as expense under theaccelerated graded vesting model. We determine the fair market value of our restricted stockbased on the closing stock price of Atara’s common stock onthe date of grant.Key assumptions for the Black-Scholes valuationmodel used for employee stock awards include: Expected term – We derived the expected termusing the “simplified” method (the expected termis determined as the average of the time-to-vestingand the contractual life of the options), as we havelimited historical information to developexpectations about future exercise patterns andpost vesting employment termination behavior.Expected term for non-employee awards is basedon the remaining contractual term of an option oneach measurement date. Expected volatility – Expected volatility isestimated using comparable public companies’volatility for similar terms. Expected dividend – We have not historicallydeclared or paid dividends to our stockholders andhave no plans to pay dividends; therefore we haveassumed an expected dividend yield of 0%. Risk-free interest rate – The risk-free interest rateis based on the yields of U.S. Treasury securitieswith expected terms similar to that of theassociated award. The fair value of non-employee stock options isestimated using the Black-Scholes valuationmodel with assumptions generally consistent withthose used for employee stock options, with theexception of the expected term, which is theremaining contractual life at each measurementdate. Prior to our initial public offering in October2014, due to the absence of an active market forour common stock, we estimated the fair value ofour common stock in accordance with theframework of the American Institute of CertifiedPublic Accountants Technical Practice Aid,Valuation of Privately-Held Company EquitySecurities Issued as Compensation. Eachvaluation included estimates and assumptions thatrequired management’s judgment, includingassumptions regarding the probability andestimated time to completion of our initial publicoffering. Subsequent to the completion of ourinitial public offering in October 2014, the fairvalue of our common stock is based on observablemarket prices.We do not believe there is a reasonablelikelihood that there will be a material changein the future estimates or assumptions we use todetermine stock-based compensation expense.However, if actual results are not consistentwith our estimates or assumptions, we may beexposed to changes in stock-basedcompensation expense that could be material orthe stock-based compensation expense reportedin our financial statements may not berepresentative of the actual economic cost ofthe stock-based compensation. 62 Accounting for Income Taxes See Note 9 – “Income Taxes” in the Notes to ConsolidatedFinancial Statements, included in Item 8. FinancialStatements and Supplementary Data of this report for acomplete discussion of the components of Atara's incometax expense, as well as the temporary differences that existas of December 31, 2016.Our consolidated effective income tax rate isinfluenced by tax planning opportunities availableto us in the various jurisdictions in which weconduct business. Significant judgment is requiredin determining our effective tax rate and inevaluating our tax positions, including those thatmay be uncertain. Atara is also required to exercise judgment withrespect to the realization of our net deferred taxassets. Management evaluates all positive andnegative evidence and exercises judgmentregarding past and future events to determine if itis more likely than not that all or some portion ofthe deferred tax assets may not be realized. Ifappropriate, a valuation allowance is recordedagainst deferred tax assets to offset future taxbenefits that may not be realized. We do not believe that there is a reasonablelikelihood that there will be a material changein our liability for uncertain income taxpositions or our effective income tax rate.However, if actual results are not consistentwith our estimates or assumptions, we may beexposed to losses that could be material. Atararecorded a valuation allowance ofapproximately $55.9 million as of December31, 2016 related primarily to net operatinglosses and stock based compensation. Emerging Growth Company StatusWe are an “emerging growth company” as defined in the JOBS Act, and therefore we may take advantage of certain exemptions from various publiccompany reporting requirements. As an “emerging growth company”, •we will avail ourselves of the exemption from the requirement to obtain an attestation and report from our auditors on the assessment of our internalcontrol over financial reporting pursuant to the Sarbanes-Oxley Act; •we will provide less extensive disclosure about our executive compensation arrangements; and •we will not require stockholder non-binding advisory votes on executive compensation or golden parachute arrangements.However, we are choosing to irrevocably opt out of the extended transition periods available under the JOBS Act for complying with new or revisedaccounting standards. We will remain an “emerging growth company” for up to five years, although we will cease to be an “emerging growth company” upon theearliest of: (1) December 31, 2019; (2) the last day of the first fiscal year in which our annual gross revenues are $1 billion or more; (3) the date on which we have,during the previous rolling three-year period, issued more than $1 billion in non-convertible debt securities; and (4) the date on which we are deemed to be a “largeaccelerated filer” as defined in the Exchange Act.Results of OperationsComparison of the Years Ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014Research and development expenses by program for the periods indicated were as follows: Year Ended December 31, Increase (Decrease) 2016 2015 2014 2015 to 2016 2014 to 2015 (in thousands) ATA129 (formerly EBV-CTL)$8,821 $970 $— $7,851 970 ATA230 (formerly CMV-CTL) 2,572 78 — 2,494 78 T-cell manufacturing and other program-related 18,673 9,123 2,000 9,550 7,123 STM434 and other molecular programs 1,110 18,511 7,324 (17,401) 11,187 Employee and overhead costs 25,338 12,936 6,122 12,402 6,814 Total research and development$56,514 $41,618 $15,446 $14,896 $26,172 63 ATA129 costs were $8.8 million in 2016 as compared to $1.0 million in 2015 and zero in 2014. This increase in 2016 was primarily due to outside servicecosts related to the preparation for two Phase 3 clinical trials of ATA129 in EBV-PTLD after HCT and SOT, as well as the initiation of our EAP clinical trial in2016. The increase in 2015 was primarily due to development work undertaken following the exercise of our option to license this program from MSK in June2015. We anticipate that ATA129 costs will increase in 2017 due to the initiation of the two Phase 3 clinical trials for this product candidat e in EBV-PTLD.ATA230 costs were $2.6 million in 2016 as compared to $0.1 million in 2015 and zero in 2014. The increases in 2016 and 2015 were primarily related tooutside services costs associated with the phase 2 clinical trial for this product candidate.T-cell manufacturing and other program-related expenses were $18.7 million in 2016 as compared to $9.1 million in 2015. The increase of $9.6 million in2016 was primarily due to an increase of $14.1 million for manufacturing-related activities, including the technical transfer of manufacturing to a third party CMO,partially offset by a decrease in license payments of $4.5 million. Expenses in 2016 included cash payments to QIMR Berghofer of $3.3 million related to thelicense of additional CTL programs and the option to license additional technologies from them. Expenses in 2015 included the cash payment to MSK of $4.5million to exercise our option to license certain T-cell programs in June 2015, and $3.0 million paid to QIMR Berghofer for an exclusive, worldwide license todevelop and commercialize allogeneic CTL therapy programs utilizing technology and know-how developed by them. In 2014, we recorded $2.0 million ofexpense for the exclusive option to license the T-cell programs from MSK. We anticipate that T-cell manufacturing and other program-related expenses willincrease in 2017 due to an increase in manufacturing activity, the continued development of our manufacturing processes, and the development of productsobtained from our collaboration with QIMR Berghofer.STM434 and other molecular program costs were $1.1 million in 2016 as compared to $18.5 million in 2015. The decrease of $17.4 million was primarilydue to the suspension of further development of the PINTA 745 and ATA 842 molecules following the unblinding of a Phase 2 study of PINTA 745 in December2015. Costs for STM434 and other molecular programs increased by $11.2 million to $18.5 million in 2015 as compared to $7.3 million in 2014, mainly due to anincrease in outside service costs related to ATA 842 of $6.9 million, PINTA 745 of $3.3 million and STM434 of $1.0 million. We anticipate that STM434 andother molecular program costs will decrease further in 2017 as we prioritize the development of our T-cell product candidates.Employee and overhead costs were $25.3 million in 2016 as compared to $12.9 million in 2015 and $6.1 million in 2014. The increases of $12.4 million in2016 and $6.8 million in 2015 were primarily a result of higher compensation-related costs from increased headcount in support of our continuing expansion ofresearch and development activities. In particular, payroll and employee stock-based compensation increased by $5.7 million and $2.8 million, respectively, in2016 as compared to 2015, and by $4.1 million and $1.6 million, respectively, in 2015 as compared to 2014. The increase in 2016 was also due to an increase of$2.3 million in facility related costs and a $1.2 million increase in other outside service expenses. We anticipate that employee and overhead costs will continue toincrease in future periods as we continue to expand our research and development activities.General and administrative expensesGeneral and administrative expenses for the periods indicated were as follows: Year ended December 31, Increase (Decrease) 2016 2015 2014 2015 to 2016 2014 to 2015 (in thousands) General and administrative $24,728 $16,830 $12,710 $7,898 $4,120 General and administrative expenses were $24.7 million in 2016 compared to $16.8 million in 2015 and $12.7 million in 2014. The increase of $7.9 millionin 2016 was primarily due to a $7.0 million increase in compensation-related costs driven by increased headcount, a $0.5 million increase in other outside servicescosts and a $0.5 million increase in expensed equipment and software. The increase of $4.1 million in 2015 was primarily due to increases of $1.9 million in stock-based compensation costs and other payroll related expenses, $1.3 million in other outside services costs and a $1.2 million increase in corporate legal and patentfees. We expect that general and administrative costs will continue to increase in 2017 as we continue to expand our operations.Quarterly Results of Operations Data (unaudited)The following table sets forth our unaudited consolidated and combined statement of operations data for each of the eight quarters in the period endedDecember 31, 2016. The unaudited quarterly statement of operations data set forth below have been prepared on a basis consistent with our audited annualconsolidated and combined financial statements in this Annual Report on Form 10-K and include, in our opinion, all normal recurring adjustments necessary for afair statement of the financial information contained in those statements. Our historical results are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected inthe future. The64 following quarterly financial data should be read in conjunction with our audited consolidated financial statements and the related notes included elsewhere in thisAnnual Report on Form 10-K . Three months ended March 31 June 30 September 30 December 31 (1) 2016 (In thousands) Operating expenses: Research and development $11,247 $12,991 $18,802 $13,474 General and administrative 5,814 6,494 7,140 5,280 Total operating expenses 17,061 19,485 25,942 18,754 Loss from operations (17,061) (19,485) (25,942) (18,754)Interest and other income, net 503 605 576 519 Loss before provision for income taxes (16,558) (18,880) (25,366) (18,235)Provision (benefit) for income taxes 3 — 7 — Net loss (16,561) (18,880) (25,373) (18,235)Other comprehensive loss: Unrealized gain (loss) on available-for-sale securities 569 142 (158) (218)Comprehensive loss $(15,992) $(18,738) $(25,531) $(18,453) Basic and diluted net loss per common share $(0.58) $(0.66) $(0.88) $(0.63) Three months ended March 31 June 30 September 30 December 31 2015 (In thousands) Operating expenses: Research and development $5,767 $11,507 $8,113 $16,231 General and administrative 3,544 3,601 4,146 5,539 Total operating expenses 9,311 15,108 12,259 21,770 Loss from operations (9,311) (15,108) (12,259) (21,770)Interest and other income, net 153 163 380 522 Loss before provision for income taxes (9,158) (14,945) (11,879) (21,248)Provision (benefit) for income taxes 2 — (11) — Net loss (9,160) (14,945) (11,868) (21,248)Other comprehensive loss: Unrealized gain (loss) on available-for-sale securities 82 (48) 117 (569)Comprehensive loss $(9,078) $(14,993) $(11,751) $(21,817) Basic and diluted net loss per common share $(0.42) $(0.62) $(0.43) $(0.75)(1)Subsequent to issuance of our interim consolidated financial statements for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2016, we identified certainshare-based awards provided in 2016 and 2015 with only time-based vesting conditions for which we recorded stock based compensation expense using thegraded accelerated expensing method instead of a straight-line expensing method in accordance with our accounting policy, certain share-based awardswhere stock-based compensation expense was not appropriately adjusted for unvested awards of terminated employees during 2016, and certain stock-basedcompensation expense related to non-employee options recorded incorrectly during the first quarter of 2016. We corrected for these errors by recording a$3.3 million out-of-period adjustment to stock-based compensation expense during the fourth quarter of 2016. The recorded adjustment included $0.7million related to the three months ended September 30, 2016, $1.1 million related to the three months ended June 30, 2016, $0.7 million related to the threemonths ended March 31, 2016 and $0.7 million related to the fiscal year ended December 31, 2015. The adjustment was not considered material to thefiscal year ended December 31, 2016 or any previously issued interim or annual consolidated financial statements.Liquidity and Capital ResourcesSources of LiquiditySince our inception in 2012, we have funded our operations primarily through the issuance of common and preferred stock.We have incurred losses and negative cash flows from operations in each year since inception. As of December 31, 2016, we had an accumulated deficit of$177.2 million. It will be several years, if ever, before we have a product candidate ready for65 commercialization, and we anticipate that we will continue to incur losses for at least the next several years. We expect that our research and development andgeneral and administrative expenses will continue to increase and, as a result , we will need additional capital to fund our operations, which we may raise through acombination of equity offerings, debt financings, other third-party funding, marketing and distribution arrangements and other collaborations, strategic alliancesand li censing arrangements. We may borrow funds on terms that may include restrictive covenants, including covenants that restrict the operation of our business,liens on assets, high effective interest rates and repayment provisions that reduce cash resources a nd limit future access to capital markets. In addition, we expect tocontinue to opportunistically seek access to the equity capital markets to support our development efforts and operations. To the extent that we raise additionalcapital by issuing equity securities, our stockholders may experience substantial dilution. To the extent that we raise additional funds through collaboration orpartnering arrangements, we may be required to relinquish some of our rights to our technologies or rights to market an d sell our products in certain geographies,grant licenses on terms that are not favorable to us, or issue equity that may be substantially dilutive to our stockholders.Cash in excess of immediate requirements is invested in accordance with our written investment policy, primarily with a view to liquidity and capitalpreservation. Currently, our cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments are held in bank and custodial accounts and consist of money market funds, U.S.Treasury, government agency and corporate debt obligations, commercial paper and asset-backed securities . Management expects that our cash, cash equivalentsand short-term investments as of December 31, 2016 will be sufficient to fund our planned operations into the first quarter of 2019 . Our cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments balances as of the dates indicated were as follows: December 31, December 31, 2016 2015 (in thousands) Cash and cash equivalents $47,968 $23,746 Short-term investments 207,714 296,736 Total cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments $255,682 $320,482 Cash FlowsThe following table details the primary sources and uses of cash for each of the periods set forth below: Year Ended December 31, 2016 2015 2014 (in thousands) Net cash provided by (used in): Operating activities $(60,025) $(37,156) $(16,628)Investing activities 83,741 (220,127) (83,363)Financing activities 506 259,226 70,273 Effect of exchange rates on cash — (94) — Net increase in cash and cash equivalents $24,222 $1,849 $(29,718) Operating activitiesNet cash used in operating activities was $60.0 million in 2016 as compared to $37.2 million in 2015. The increase of $22.9 million was primarily due to a$21.8 million increase in net loss and a $7.0 million decrease in accrued research and development expenses, partially offset by a $6.5 million increase stock-basedcompensation. Net cash used in operating activities was $37.2 million in 2015 as compared to $16.6 million in 2014. The increase of $20.5 million was primarily due to a$29.2 million increase in net loss, partially offset by a $3.8 million increase in accrued research and development expenses, a $2.9 million increase in amortizationof investment premiums and discount and a $2.0 million increase in accounts payable, accrued compensation and other accrued liabilities. Investing activitiesNet cash provided by investing activities in 2016 consisted primarily of $391.7 million of maturities and sales of short-term available-for-sale investmentspartially offset by $304.9 million of purchases of short-term available-for-sale investments.Net cash used in investing activities in 2015 consisted primarily of $379.8 million of purchases of short-term available-for-sale securities, partially offset by$160.1 million of maturities and sales of short-term available-for-sale securities.66 Net cash used in investing activities in 2014 consisted primarily of $95.5 million of purchases of short-term available-for-sale securities, partially offset by$12.2 million of maturities and sales of short-term available-for-sale securities.Financing activities Net cash provided by financing activities in 2016 of $0.5 million consists primarily of net proceeds from employee stock transactions. Net cash provided byfinancing activities in 2015 consisted primarily of $263.4 million in aggregate net proceeds from the sale of common stock in two separate follow-on offerings. Netcash provided by financing activities in 2014 consisted primarily of $56.5 million in net proceeds from the sale of common stock in our initial public offering and$13.5 million from the sale of shares of Series B convertible preferred stock.Operating Capital RequirementsTo date, we have not generated any revenue from product sales. We do not know when, or if, we will generate any revenue from product sales. We do notexpect to generate significant revenue from product sales unless and until we obtain regulatory approval of and commercialize one of our current or future productcandidates. We anticipate that we will continue to generate losses for the foreseeable future, and we expect the losses to increase as we continue the development ofand seek regulatory approvals for our product candidates, and begin to commercialize any approved products. We are subject to all of the risks inherent in thedevelopment of new products, and we may encounter unforeseen expenses, difficulties, complications, delays and other unknown factors that may adversely affectour business. We anticipate that we will need substantial additional funding in connection with our continuing operations.We expect that our existing cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments will be sufficient to fund our planned operations into the first quarter of 2019.In order to complete the process of obtaining regulatory approval for our lead product candidates and to build the sales, marketing and distribution infrastructurethat we believe will be necessary to commercialize our lead product candidates, if approved, we will require substantial additional funding.We have based our projections of operating capital requirements on assumptions that may prove to be incorrect and we may use all of our available capitalresources sooner than we expect. Because of the numerous risks and uncertainties associated with research, development and commercialization of pharmaceuticalproducts, we are unable to estimate the exact amount of our operating capital requirements. Our future funding requirements will depend on many factors,including, but not limited to: •the timing and costs of our planned clinical trials for our product candidates; •the timing and costs of our planned preclinical studies of our product candidates; •our success in establishing and scaling commercial manufacturing capabilities, including the building of our own manufacturing facility; •the number and characteristics of product candidates that we pursue; •the outcome, timing and costs of seeking regulatory approvals; •subject to receipt of regulatory approval, revenues received from commercial sales of our product candidates; •the terms and timing of any future collaborations, licensing, consulting or other arrangements that we may establish; •the amount and timing of any payments we may be required to make in connection with the licensing, filing, prosecution, maintenance, defense andenforcement of any patents or patent applications or other intellectual property rights; and •the extent to which we in-license or acquire other products and technologies.Contractual Obligations and CommitmentsWe lease our current corporate headquarters in South San Francisco, California under a non-cancellable lease agreement for approximately 13,670 squarefeet of office space in South San Francisco, California. The lease is expected to expire in April 2021.In January 2015, we entered into a non-cancellable lease agreement for office and laboratory space in Westlake Village, California. In September 2015, weamended the lease agreement to add additional office space and extend the term of the agreement to April 2019. 67 In February 2017, we entered into a lease agreement for approximately 90,580 square feet of office, lab and cellular therapy manufacturing space inThousand Oaks, California, or the Thousand Oaks lease. The term of the Thousand Oaks lease comme nces when the landlord delivers possession of the facility tous. Upon commencement, the initial term of the lease is fifteen years.Aggregate future minimum commitments for our operating leases as of December 31, 2016 are as follows: Payments Due by Period Less than More than Total 1 Year 1-3 Years 3-5 Years 5 Years (in thousands) Operating lease obligations$ 3,878 1,294 1,712 872 $ — Total contractual obligations$ 3,878 $ 1,294 $ 1,712 $ 872 $ — The above amounts exclude potential milestone and royalty payments related to our license and collaboration agreements, as the achievement of thesemilestones is currently not fixed and determinable.We may also enter into contracts in the normal course of business with clinical research organizations for clinical trials, with contract manufacturingorganizations for clinical supplies, and with other vendors for preclinical studies and supplies and other services and products for operating purposes. Thesecontracts generally provide for termination on notice, with the exception of potential termination charges related to one of our contract manufacturing agreementsin the event certain minimum purchase volumes are not met. Payments in the table above are based on current operating forecasts, which are subject to change, anddo not include any termination fees.Off-Balance Sheet ArrangementsWe did not have during the periods presented, and we do not currently have, any off-balance sheet arrangements, as defined in the rules and regulations ofthe SEC. Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market RiskInterest Rate and Market RiskWe are exposed to market risk related to changes in interest rates. As of December 31, 2016, we had cash and cash equivalents and short-term investmentsof $255.7 million. Our primary exposure to market risk is interest rate sensitivity, which is affected by changes in the general level of U.S. interest rates,particularly because our investments are in short-term securities. Our available-for-sale securities are subject to interest rate risk and will fall in value if marketinterest rates increase, which could result in a realized loss if we are forced to sell an investment before its scheduled maturity . We currently do not hedge ourinterest rate risk exposure. Due to the short-term duration of our investment portfolio and the low risk profile of our investments, an immediate change in interestrates of 10 basis points would not result in a significant change in the fair market value of our portfolio.The primary objective of our investment activities is to preserve principal while at the same time maximizing the income we receive from our investmentswithout significantly increasing risk. To achieve this objective, we maintain our portfolio of cash equivalents and short-term and long-term investments in a varietyof securities, including money market funds, U.S. Treasury, government agency and corporate debt obligations, commercial paper and asset-backed securities.These securities are all classified as available-for-sale and consequently are recorded on the balance sheet at fair value, with unrealized gains or losses reported as aseparate component of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss). Our holdings of the securities of any one issuer, except obligations of the U.S. Treasury orU.S. Treasury guaranteed securities, do not exceed 5% of our portfolio. 68 Item 8. Financial Statemen ts and Supplementary Data Index to Consolidated Financial Statements PageReport of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm 70Consolidated Balance Sheets 71Consolidated and Combined Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss 72Consolidated and Combined Statements of Convertible Preferred Stock and Stockholders’ Equity (Deficit) 73Consolidated and Combined Statements of Cash Flows 74Notes to Consolidated and Combined Financial Statements 75 69 Report of Independent Regist ered Public Accounting Firm To the Board of Directors and Stockholders of Atara Biotherapeutics, Inc.South San Francisco, CaliforniaWe have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Atara Biotherapeutics, Inc. and its subsidiaries (collectively, the “Company”) as ofDecember 31, 2016 and 2015, and the related consolidated and combined statements of operations and comprehensive loss, convertible preferred stock andstockholders’ equity (deficit), and cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2016. These financial statements are the responsibility ofthe Company's management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the financial statements based on our audits.We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require thatwe plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement. The Company is notrequired to have, nor were we engaged to perform, an audit of its internal control over financial reporting. Our audits included consideration of internal control overfinancial reporting as a basis for designing audit procedures that are appropriate in the circumstances, but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on theeffectiveness of the Company's internal control over financial reporting. Accordingly, we express no such opinion. An audit also includes examining, on a testbasis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements, assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made bymanagement, as well as evaluating the overall financial statement presentation. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.In our opinion, such consolidated and combined financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of Atara Biotherapeutics,Inc. and subsidiaries as of December 31, 2016 and 2015, and the results of their operations and their cash flows for each of the three years in the period endedDecember 31, 2016, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. /s/ DELOITTE & TOUCHE LLP San Jose, CaliforniaMarch 9, 2017 70 ATARA BIOTHERAPEUTICS, INC.Consolidated Balance Sheets(In thousands) December 31, December 31, 2016 2015 Assets Current assets: Cash and cash equivalents $47,968 $23,746 Short-term investments 207,714 296,736 Restricted cash 194 194 Prepaid expenses and other current assets 4,677 3,921 Total current assets 260,553 324,597 Property and equipment, net 3,259 270 Other assets 102 108 Total assets $263,914 $324,975 Liabilities and stockholders’ equity Current liabilities: Accounts payable $2,778 $1,445 Accrued compensation 3,745 2,624 Accrued research and development expenses 2,408 5,112 Other accrued liabilities 744 528 Total current liabilities 9,675 9,709 Long-term liabilities 503 166 Total liabilities 10,178 9,875 Commitments and contingencies (Note 7) Stockholders’ equity: Common stock—$0.0001 par value, 500,000 shares authorized as of December 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015; 28,933 and 28,459 shares issued and outstanding as of December 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015, respectively 3 3 Additional paid-in capital 431,075 413,725 Accumulated other comprehensive loss (183) (518)Accumulated deficit (177,159) (98,110)Total stockholders’ equity 253,736 315,100 Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity $263,914 $324,975 71 ATARA BIOTHERAPEUTICS, INC.Consolidated and Combined Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss(In thousands, except per share amounts) Years Ended December 31, 2016 2015 2014 Operating expenses: Research and development $56,514 $41,618 $15,446 General and administrative 24,728 16,830 12,710 Total operating expenses 81,242 58,448 28,156 Loss from operations (81,242) (58,448) (28,156) Interest and other income, net 2,203 1,218 125 Loss before provision (benefit) for income taxes (79,039) (57,230) (28,031) Provision (benefit) for income taxes 10 (9) (25) Net loss $(79,049) $(57,221) $(28,006) Other comprehensive gain (loss): Unrealized gain (loss) on available-for-sale securities 335 (418) (100) Comprehensive loss $(78,714) $(57,639) $(28,106) Net loss per common share: Basic and diluted net loss per common share $(2.75) $(2.24) $(5.62) Weighted-average common shares outstanding used to calculate basic and diluted net loss per common share 28,732 25,583 4,986 72 ATARA BIOTHERAPEUTICS, INC.Consolidated and Combined Statements of Convertible Preferred Stock and Stockholders’ Equity (Deficit)(In thousands) Series A Series A-1 Series B Notes Accumulated Total Convertible Convertible Convertible Common Additional Receivable Other Stockholders’ Preferred Stock Preferred Stock Preferred Stock Stock Paid-in From Comprehensive Accumulated Equity Shares Amount Shares Amount Shares Amount Shares Amount Capital Stockholder Loss Deficit (Deficit) Balance as of December 31, 2013 46,356 19,909 5,538 2,768 43,529 38,414 12,004 1 2,200 (335) — (12,883) (11,017)Issuance of Series B preferred stock,net of offering costs of $19 — — — — 15,263 13,481 — — — — — — — Interest income accrued on notesreceivable from stockholder — — — — — — — — — (2) — — (2)Repayment of notes receivable fromstockholder — — — — — — — — — 337 — — 337 Issuance of common stock uponvesting of restricted stock awards — — — — — — 645 — 20 — — — 20 Recapitalization (Note 2) (41,205) — (4,923) — (52,260) — (11,346) (1) 1 — — — — Issuance of common stock uponvesting of stock awards— post Recapitalization — — — — — — 282 — 70 — — — 70 Issuance of common stock forresearch and development expenses related to technologylicensing option — — — — — — 60 — 750 — — — 750 Conversion of preferred stock (5,151) (19,909) (615) (2,768) (6,532) (51,895) 12,298 1 74,572 74,573 Issuance of common stock, net ofdiscounts and offering costs of $6,794 — — — — — — 5,750 1 56,455 — — — 56,456 Stock-based compensation expense — — — — — — — — 10,101 — — — 10,101 Net loss — — — — — — — — — — — (28,006) (28,006)Unrealized loss on available-for-salesecurities — — — — — — — — — — (100) — (100)Balance as of December 31, 2014 — — — — — — 19,693 2 144,169 — (100) (40,889) 103,182 Issuance of common stock, net ofdiscounts and offering costs of $5,166 in February 2015 — — — — — — 4,147 1 69,486 — — — 69,487 Issuance of common stock, net ofdiscounts and offering costs of $13,053 in July 2015 — — — — — — 3,981 — 193,947 — — — 193,947 Issuance of common stock uponvesting of restricted stock awards — — — — — — 287 — 80 — — — 80 RSU settlements, net of shareswithheld — — — — — — 327 — (4,647) — — — (4,647)Issuance of common stock pursuantto stock option exercises — — — — — — 24 — 439 — — — 439 Stock-based compensation expense — — — — — — — — 10,251 — — — 10,251 Net loss — — — — — — — — — — — (57,221) (57,221)Unrealized loss on available-for-salesecurities — — — — — — — — — — (418) — (418)Balance as of December 31, 2015 — — — — — — 28,459 3 413,725 — (518) (98,110) 315,100 Issuance of common stock uponvesting of restricted stock awards — — — — — — 233 — 60 — — — 60 RSU settlements, net of shareswithheld — — — — — — 199 — (94) — — — (94)Issuance of common stock pursuantto employee stock awards — — — — — — 42 — 600 — — — 600 Stock-based compensation expense — — — — — — — — 16,784 — — — 16,784 Net loss — — — — — — — — — — — (79,049) (79,049)Unrealized gain on available-for-salesecurities — — — — — — — — — — 335 — 335 Balance as of December 31, 2016 — $— — $— — $— 28,933 $3 $431,075 $— $(183) $(177,159) $253,736 73 ATARA BIOTHERAPEUTICS, INC.Consolidated and Combined Statements of Cash Flows(In thousands) Year Ended December 31, 2016 2015 2014 Operating activities Net loss $(79,049) $(57,221) $(28,006)Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities: Stock-based compensation expense 16,784 10,251 10,101 Amortization of investment premiums and discounts 2,582 3,465 526 Depreciation expense 383 48 6 Loss on foreign exchange — 94 — Write-off of property and equipment — 21 — Interest accrued on notes receivable from stockholder — — (2)Non-cash research and development expenses — — 750 Changes in operating assets and liabilities: Prepaid expenses and other current assets (742) (767) (1,246)Other assets 6 (61) (37)Accounts payable 981 1,005 (164)Accrued compensation 1,121 1,399 894 Accrued research and development expenses (2,704) 4,288 468 Other accrued liabilities 215 293 4 Long-term liabilities 398 29 78 Net cash used in operating activities (60,025) (37,156) (16,628)Investing activities Purchases of short-term investments (304,928) (379,776) (95,525)Sales of short-term investments 242,643 64,020 5,808 Maturities of short-term investments 149,046 96,113 6,400 Transfer to restricted cash — (194) — Purchases of property and equipment (3,020) (290) (46)Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities 83,741 (220,127) (83,363)Financing activities Proceeds from sale of common stock, net of offering costs — 263,434 56,455 Taxes paid related to net share settlement of restricted stock units (94) (4,647) — Proceeds from employee stock awards 600 439 — Proceeds from sale of convertible preferred stock, net of offering costs — — 13,481 Repayment of notes receivable from stockholder — — 337 Net cash provided by financing activities 506 259,226 70,273 Effect of exchange rates on cash — (94) — Increase in cash and cash equivalents 24,222 1,849 (29,718)Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period 23,746 21,897 51,615 Cash and cash equivalents at end of period $47,968 $23,746 $21,897 Non-cash investing and financing activities Issuance of common stock related to technology licensing option — — $750 Issuance of common stock upon vesting of stock awards $60 $80 $90 Change in long-term liabilities related to non-vested stock awards $(60) $(80) $(90)Property and equipment purchases included in liabilities $352 $— $— Supplemental cash flow disclosure Cash paid for taxes $10 $3 $70 74 ATARA BIOTHERAPEUTICS, INC.Notes to Consolidated and Combined Financial Statements 1.Description of BusinessAtara Biotherapeutics, Inc. (“Atara”, “we”, “our” or “the Company”) was incorporated in August 2012 in Delaware. Atara is a clinical-stagebiopharmaceutical company focused on developing meaningful therapies for patients with severe and life-threatening diseases that have been underserved byscientific innovation. We are focused on developing allogeneic or third-party derived antigen-specific T-cells. T-cells are a type of white blood cell and cytotoxicT-cells, otherwise known as cytotoxic T lymphocytes, or CTLs, can mount an immune response against an antigen or antigens in order to combat viral infection ordisease. Our cellular therapy platform is designed to provide a healthy immune capability to a patient whose immune system is compromised or is unable to identifythe disease targets. We licensed rights to T-cell product candidates from Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (“MSK”) in June 2015 and to know how andtechnology from QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute (“QIMR Berghofer”) in October 2015 and September 2016. See Note 6 for further information.In October 2014, we completed our initial public offering of 5,750,000 shares of common stock at an offering price to the public of $11.00 per share andreceived net proceeds of $56.5 million. In February 2015, we completed a follow-on offering of 4,147,358 shares of common stock at an offering price to the publicof $18.00 per share and received net proceeds of $69.5 million. In July 2015, we completed a follow-on offering of 3,980,768 shares of common stock at anoffering price to the public of $52.00 per share and received net proceeds of $193.9 million. 2.Summary of Significant Accounting PoliciesBasis of Presentation and RecapitalizationThe accompanying consolidated and combined financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in theUnited States of America (“GAAP”) and the rules and regulations of the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”).Atara was originally formed as a management company with the sole purpose of providing management, financial and administrative services for NinaBiotherapeutics, Inc. (“Nina”), Santa Maria Biotherapeutics, Inc. (“Santa Maria”) and Pinta Biotherapeutics, Inc. (“Pinta”). Prior to March 31, 2014, theaccompanying financial statements include the operations of Atara, Nina, Pinta and Santa Maria on a combined basis as the four individual companies were undercommon ownership and common management. All intercompany transactions have been eliminated.On March 31, 2014, we implemented a recapitalization (the “Recapitalization”) in which (a) all the outstanding shares of common stock of Atara werecancelled and forfeited by existing stockholders and (b) the stockholders of Nina, Pinta and Santa Maria exchanged their existing common and convertiblepreferred stock for newly-issued shares of Atara, with the same rights and privileges as the outstanding capital stock of Nina, Pinta and Santa Maria. The shareswere exchanged on a collective nine-for-one basis. The Recapitalization lacked economic substance as the newly-issued shares have the same rights and privilegesas the previously outstanding capital stock of Nina, Pinta and Santa Maria and there was no change in ownership percentages of the individual stockholders. As aresult of the Recapitalization, Nina, Pinta and Santa Maria became wholly owned subsidiaries of Atara effective March 31, 2014. The Recapitalization isconsidered a tax-free exchange for U.S. federal income tax purposes.Because the four individual companies were under common ownership and the Recapitalization lacked economic substance, we accounted for theRecapitalization as a combination of businesses under common control. The assets and liabilities of Nina, Pinta and Santa Maria were recorded by Atara at theirhistorical carrying amounts on March 31, 2014 and beginning March 31, 2014, the financial statements of Atara are presented on a consolidated basis. Principles of ConsolidationThe consolidated and combined financial statements include the accounts of Atara and its wholly owned subsidiaries, Nina, Pinta, Santa Maria, AtaraBiotherapeutics Cayman Limited, a Cayman Islands corporation and Atara Biotherapeutics Ireland Limited, an Ireland corporation. All intercompany balances andtransactions have been eliminated in consolidation.Segment and Geographic InformationWe operate and manage our business as one reporting and one operating segment, which is the business of developing and commercializing therapeutics.Our Chief Executive Officer, who is our chief operating decision maker, reviews financial information75 on an aggregate basis for purposes of allocating resources and evaluating financial performance. All of our assets are located in the United States and CaymanIslands.Significant Risks and UncertaintiesWe have incurred significant operating losses since inception and have relied on public and private equity financings to fund our operations. As ofDecember 31, 2016, we had an accumulated deficit of $177.2 million. As we continue to incur losses, our transition to profitability will depend on the successfuldevelopment, approval and commercialization of product candidates and on the achievement of sufficient revenues to support our cost structure. We may neverachieve profitability, and unless and until we do, we will need to continue to raise additional capital. Management expects that our cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments as of December 31, 2016 will be sufficient to fund our planned operations into the first quarter of 2019.Concentration of Credit Risk and Other UncertaintiesWe place cash and cash equivalents in the custody of financial institutions that management believes are of high credit quality, the amount of which attimes, may be in excess of the amount insured by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation. We also have short-term investments in money market funds, U.S.Treasury, government agency and corporate debt obligations, commercial paper and asset-backed securities, which can be subject to certain credit risk. However,we mitigate the risks by investing in high-grade instruments, limiting our exposure to any one issuer, and monitoring the ongoing creditworthiness of the financialinstitutions and issuers.We are subject to certain risks and uncertainties and believe that changes in any of the following areas could have a material adverse effect on futurefinancial position or results of operations: our ability to obtain future financing; regulatory approval and market acceptance of, and reimbursement for, our productcandidates, if approved; performance of third-party clinical research organizations and manufacturers upon which we rely; development of sales channels;protection of our intellectual property; litigation or claims against us based on intellectual property, patent, product, regulatory or other factors; and our ability toattract and retain employees necessary to support our growth.Use of EstimatesThe preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions and judgments that affectthe amounts reported in the financial statements and accompanying notes. Significant estimates relied upon in preparing these financial statements includeestimates related to clinical trial and other accruals, stock-based compensation expense, fair value of investments and income taxes. Actual results could differmaterially from those estimates.Foreign CurrencyTransactions and foreign currency-denominated monetary assets and liabilities that are denominated in a foreign currency are translated into U.S. dollars atthe current exchange rate on the transaction date and as of each balance sheet date, respectively, with gains or losses on foreign exchange changes recognized ininterest and other income (expense), net in the statements of operations and comprehensive loss. We held no foreign currency as of December 31, 2016. As ofDecember 31, 2015, we held British pounds valued at $1.5 million, which were used in operations or sold in 2016.Cash Equivalents and Short-Term InvestmentsCash equivalents are defined as short-term, highly liquid investments with original maturities of 90 days or less at the date of purchase, and generally consistof money market funds, U.S. Treasury, government agency and corporate debt obligations, and commercial paper.Investments with original maturities of greater than 90 days are classified as short-term investments on the balance sheet, and consist primarily of U.S.Treasury, government agency and corporate debt obligations, commercial paper and asset-backed securities.As our entire investment portfolio is considered available for use in current operations, we classify all investments as available-for-sale and as current assets,even though the stated maturity may be more than one year from the current balance sheet date. Available-for-sale securities are carried at fair value, withunrealized gains and losses reported in accumulated other comprehensive loss, which is a separate component of stockholders’ equity in the consolidated balancesheet.The amortized cost of securities is adjusted for amortization of premiums and accretion of discounts to maturity, which are both recorded to interest andother income (expense), net in the statements of operations and comprehensive loss.76 Changes in the fair value of available-for-sale securities impact the statements of operations only when such securities are sold or if an other-than-temporaryimpairment is recognized. Realized gains and losses on the sale of securities are determined by specific identification of each security’s cost basis. We regularlyreview our investment portfolio to determine if any security is other-than-temporarily impaired, which would require us to record an impairment charge in theperiod any such determination is made. In making this judgment, we evaluate, among other things, the duration and extent to which the fair value of a security isless than its cost, the financial condition of the issuer and any changes thereto, our intent to sell, or whether it is more likely than not that we will be required to sellthe security before recovery of its amortized cost basis. Our assessment on whether a security is other-than-temporarily impaired could change in the future due tonew developments or changes in assumptions related to any particular security. Realized gains and losses and declines in value judged to be other-than-temporaryon available-for-sale securities, if any, are recorded to interest and other income (expense), net in the statements of operations and co mprehensive loss. Fair Value MeasurementThe carrying amounts of certain of our financial instruments including cash equivalents, prepaid expenses, accounts payable and accrued liabilitiesapproximate fair value due to their short maturities. Short-term investments are comprised of available-for-sale securities, which are carried at fair value.Fair Value of Financial InstrumentsOur financial assets and liabilities are measured at fair value on a recurring basis using the following hierarchy to prioritize valuation inputs, in accordancewith applicable GAAP: Level 1: Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities that we have the ability to access Level 2: Observable market based inputs or unobservable inputs that are corroborated by market data such as quoted prices, interestrates and yield curves Level 3: Inputs that are unobservable data points that are not corroborated by market dataWe review the fair value hierarchy classification on a quarterly basis. Changes in the ability to observe valuation inputs may result in a reclassification oflevels of certain securities within the fair value hierarchy. We recognize transfers into and out of levels within the fair value hierarchy in the period in which theactual event or change in circumstances that caused the transfer occurs. There have been no transfers between Level 1, Level 2, and Level 3 in any periodspresented.Financial assets and liabilities are considered Level 2 when their fair values are determined using inputs that are observable in the market or can be derivedprincipally from or corroborated by observable market data such as pricing for similar securities, recently executed transactions, cash flow models with yieldcurves, and benchmark securities. In addition, Level 2 financial instruments are valued using comparisons to like-kind financial instruments and models that usereadily observable market data as their basis. U.S. Treasury, government agency and corporate debt obligations, and commercial paper and asset-backed securitiesare valued primarily using market prices of comparable securities, bid/ask quotes, interest rate yields and prepayment spreads and are included in Level 2.Financial assets and liabilities are considered Level 3 when their fair values are determined using pricing models, discounted cash flow methodologies, orsimilar techniques, and at least one significant model assumption or input is unobservable. We have no Level 3 financial assets or liabilities.Property and Equipment, netProperty and equipment are stated at cost and depreciated using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the assets, ranging from three tofive years. Leasehold improvements are amortized over the lesser of the life of the leasehold improvements or the lease term. Maintenance and repairs are chargedto operations as incurred.Long-lived AssetsWe evaluate the carrying amount of our long-lived assets whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the assets may not be recoverable. Animpairment loss would be recognized when estimated future cash flows expected to result from the use of the asset and its eventual disposition are less than thecarrying amount of the asset. To date, there have been no such impairment losses.77 Stock-Based Compensation ExpenseWe account for stock-based compensation expense, including the expense of restricted common stock awards (“RSAs”) and grants of restricted stock units(“RSUs”) and stock options that may be settled in shares of our common stock, based on the fair values of the equity instruments issued. The fair value isdetermined on the measurement date, which is generally the date of grant for employee awards and the date when the service performance is completed for non-employees. The fair value for our RSAs is their intrinsic value, which is the difference between the fair value of the underlying stock at the measurement date andthe purchase price. The fair value of our RSUs is the fair value of the underlying stock at the measurement date. The fair value for our stock option awards isdetermined at the grant date using the Black-Scholes valuation model. For employees’ awards with performance-based vesting criteria, we assess the probability ofthe achievement of the performance conditions at the end of each reporting period and recognize the share-based compensation costs when it becomes probable thatthe performance conditions will be met. For non-employees’ awards with performance-based vesting criteria, we assess all possible outcomes at the end of eachreporting period and recognize the lowest aggregate fair value in the range of possible outcomes. The lowest value in the range of possible outcomes may be zero.For awards that are subject to both service and performance conditions, no expense is recognized until it is probable that performance conditions will bemet. Stock-based compensation expense for awards with time-based vesting criteria is recognized as expense on a straight-line basis over the requisite serviceperiod. Stock-based compensation expense for awards with performance and other vesting criteria is recognized as expense under an accelerated graded vestingmodel. Key assumptions used in the Black-Scholes valuation model used for employee stock awards include:Expected term – We derived the expected term using the “simplified” method (the expected term is determined as the average of the time-to-vesting and thecontractual life of the options), as we have limited historical information to develop expectations about future exercise patterns and post vesting employmenttermination behavior. Expected term for non-employee awards is based on the remaining contractual term of an option on each measurement date.Expected volatility – Expected volatility is estimated using comparable public companies’ volatility for similar terms.Expected dividend – We have not historically declared or paid dividends to our stockholders and have no plans to pay dividends; therefore we assumed anexpected dividend yield of 0%.Risk-free interest rate – The risk-free interest rate is based on the yield on U.S. Treasury securities with the expected term of the associated award.The fair value of non-employee stock options is estimated using the Black-Scholes valuation model with assumptions generally consistent with those usedfor employee stock options, with the exception of the expected term, which is the remaining contractual life at each measurement date.Prior to our IPO in October 2014, due to the absence of an active market for our common stock, we estimated the fair value of our common stock inaccordance with the framework of the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants Technical Practice Aid, Valuation of Privately-Held Company EquitySecurities Issued as Compensation. Each valuation included estimates and assumptions that required management’s judgment, including assumptions regarding theprobability and estimated time to completion of our IPO. Subsequent to the completion of our IPO, the fair value of our common stock is based on observablemarket prices.Research and Development ExpenseResearch and development expense consists of costs incurred in performing research and development activities, including compensation and benefits forresearch and development employees, including stock-based compensation; expenses incurred under agreements with contract research organizations andinvestigative sites that conduct clinical trials and preclinical studies, the costs of acquiring and manufacturing clinical trial materials and other supplies; paymentsunder licensing and research and development agreements; other outside services and consulting costs, and an allocation of facility and overhead expenses.Research and development costs are expensed as incurred.Clinical Trial AccrualsCosts for preclinical study and clinical trial activities are recognized based on an evaluation of our vendors’ progress towards completion of specific tasks,using data such as patient enrollment, clinical site activations or information provided to us by our vendors regarding their actual costs incurred. Payments for theseactivities are based on the terms of individual contracts and payment timing may differ significantly from the period in which the services are performed. Wedetermine accrual estimates through reports from and discussions with applicable personnel and outside service providers as to the progress or state of completionof trials, or the services completed. Our estimates of accrued expenses as of each balance sheet date are based on the facts and circumstances known at the time.Costs that are paid in advance of performance are deferred as a prepaid expense and amortized over the service period as the services are provided.78 Other Accrued LiabilitiesAs of December 31, 2016, other accrued liabilities included $0.6 million of accrued operating expenses and $0.1 million of other accrued liabilities. As ofDecember 31, 2015, other accrued liabilities included $0.4 million of accrued operating expenses and $0.1 million of other accrued liabilities.Income TaxesWe use the assets and liabilities method to account for income taxes. We record deferred tax assets and liabilities for the expected future tax consequencesof temporary differences between the financial statement carrying amounts and the tax basis of assets and liabilities using enacted tax rates expected to be in effectwhen the differences are expected to reverse. Valuation allowances are provided when necessary to reduce net deferred tax assets to the amount that is more likelythan not to be realized. Based on the available evidence, we are unable, at this time, to support the determination that it is more likely than not that our deferred taxassets will be utilized in the future. Accordingly, we recorded a full valuation allowance as of December 31, 2016 and 2015. We intend to maintain valuationallowances until sufficient evidence exists to support their reversal.Tax benefits related to uncertain tax positions are recognized when it is more likely than not that a tax position will be sustained during an audit. Interest andpenalties related to unrecognized tax benefits are included within the provision for income tax.Comprehensive LossComprehensive loss is defined as a change in equity of a business enterprise during a period resulting from transactions from non-owner sources. Our othercomprehensive loss is comprised solely of unrealized gains (losses) on available-for-sale securities, and is presented net of taxes. We have not recorded anyreclassifications from other comprehensive loss to net loss during any period presented.Recent Accounting PronouncementsIn February 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842) , which is intended to increase the transparency and comparability in thereporting of leasing arrangements by generally requiring leased assets and liabilities to be recorded on the balance sheet. The new standard is effective for fiscalyears and interim periods within those fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, with early adoption permitted. The Company has not yet determined themethod of adoption and the potential effect the new standard will have on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.In March 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-09, Improvements to Employee Share-Based Payment Accounting (Topic 718) , which simplifies severalaspects of the accounting for share-based payment transactions, including the income tax consequences, classification of awards as either equity or liabilities, andclassification in the statement of cash flows. The new standard is effective for fiscal years and interim periods within those fiscal years beginning after December15, 2016, with early adoption permitted. The Company will prospectively adopt the new standard on January 1, 2017 and does not believe that adoption will have amaterial effect on the Company’s consolidated financial statements due to the full valuation allowance of its deferred tax assets. In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-13, Financial Instruments - Credit Losses: Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments . ASU2016-13 requires that expected credit losses relating to financial assets measured on an amortized cost basis and available-for-sale debt securities be recordedthrough an allowance for credit losses. ASU 2016-13 limits the amount of credit losses to be recognized for available-for-sale debt securities to the amount bywhich carrying value exceeds fair value and also requires the reversal of previously recognized credit losses if fair value increases. The new standard will beeffective for us on January 1, 2020. Early adoption will be available on January 1, 2019. We are currently evaluating the effect that the updated standard will haveon our consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.In August 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-15, Statement of Cash Flows (Topic 230): Classification of Certain Cash Receipts and Cash Payments ,which clarifies how certain cash receipts and cash payments should be presented and classified in the statement of cash flows. The new standard is effective forfiscal years and interim periods within those fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2017, with early adoption permitted. The Company has not yet determinedthe method of adoption and the potential effect the new standard will have on the Company’s consolidated financial statements. In October 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-16, Income Taxes (Topic 740): Intra-Entity Transfers of Assets Other Than Inventory , which clarifies thetiming of recognition of income tax consequences of when an intra-entity transfer of as asset other than inventory to when the transfer occurs and eliminates theexception for an intra-entity transfer of an asset other than inventory. The new standard is effective for fiscal years and interim periods within those fiscal yearsbeginning after December 15, 2017, with early adoption permitted. The standard should be applied on a modified retrospective basis through a cumulative-effectadjustment directly79 to retained earnings as of the beginning of the period of adoption. The Company has not yet determined the potential effect the new standard will have on theCompany’s consolidated financial statements. In November 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-18 Statement of Cash Flows (Topic 230): Restricted Cash , which clarifies the statement of cash flowtreatment of restricted cash or restricted cash equivalents. The new standard is effective for fiscal years and interim periods within those fiscal years beginning afterDecember 15, 2017, with early adoption permitted. The standard should be applied using a retrospective transition method to each period presented. The Companyhas not yet determined the potential effect the new standard will have on the Company’s consolidated financial statements. 3.Net Loss per Common ShareBasic and diluted net loss per common share is presented, giving effect to the Recapitalization on March 31, 2014, including cancellation of existing Ataracommon stock and a nine-for-one share exchange. Basic net loss per common share is calculated by dividing the net loss by the weighted-average number of sharesof common stock outstanding during the period, without consideration of common stock equivalents. Diluted net loss per common share is computed by dividingthe net loss by the weighted-average number of shares of common stock and common share equivalents outstanding for the period. Common share equivalents areonly included in the calculation of diluted net loss per common share when their effect is dilutive. Prior to the date of our IPO, we considered all series of ourconvertible preferred stock to be participating securities as they were entitled to participate in undistributed earnings with shares of common stock. Due to netlosses, there is no impact on the net loss per common share calculation in applying the two-class method since the participating securities had no legal requirementto share in any losses.Potential dilutive securities, which include unvested RSAs, unvested RSUs, vested and unvested options and ESPP share purchase rights have beenexcluded from the computation of diluted net loss per share as the effect is antidilutive. Therefore, the denominator used to calculate both basic and diluted net lossper common share is the same in all periods presented.The following table represents the potential common shares issuable pursuant to outstanding securities as of the related period end dates that were excludedfrom the computation of diluted net loss per common share as their inclusion would have an antidilutive effect: As of December 31, 2016 2015 2014 Unvested RSAs — 233,413 666,091 Unvested RSUs 1,286,262 427,605 721,293 Vested and unvested options 3,733,847 3,137,529 313,565 ESPP share purchase rights 7,037 — — Additionally, convertible preferred stock that was outstanding prior to our IPO in October 2014 has been excluded from the computation of diluted net lossper common share, as these securities would have been antidilutive during 2014. 80 4.Financial Ins trumentsThe following tables summarize the estimated fair value and related valuation input hierarchy of our available-for-sale securities as of each period end: Total Total Total Total Amortized Unrealized Unrealized Estimated As of December 31, 2016: Input Level Cost Gain Loss Fair Value (in thousands) Money market funds Level 1 $28,816 $— $— $28,816 U.S. Treasury obligations Level 2 65,403 3 (21) 65,385 Government agency obligations Level 2 23,860 5 (5) 23,860 Corporate debt obligations Level 2 113,649 8 (172) 113,485 Commercial paper Level 2 699 — — 699 Asset-backed securities Level 2 13,414 4 (6) 13,412 Total available-for-sale securities 245,841 20 (204) 245,657 Less amounts classified as cash equivalents (37,944) — 1 (37,943)Amounts classified as short-term securities $207,897 $20 $(203) $207,714 Total Total Total Total Amortized Unrealized Unrealized Estimated As of December 31, 2015: Input Level Cost Gain Loss Fair Value (in thousands) Money market funds Level 1 $16,364 $— $— $16,364 U.S. Treasury obligations Level 2 599 — (1) 598 Government agency obligations Level 2 36,480 1 (88) 36,393 Corporate debt obligations Level 2 203,767 8 (339) 203,436 Commercial paper Level 2 999 — — 999 Asset-backed securities Level 2 61,304 2 (102) 61,204 Total available-for-sale securities 319,513 11 (530) 318,994 Less amounts classified as cash equivalents (22,259) — 1 (22,258)Amounts classified as short-term securities $297,254 $11 $(529) $296,736 The amortized cost and fair value of our available-for-sale securities by contractual maturity were as follows: As of December 31, 2016 As of December 31, 2015 Amortized Estimated Amortized Estimated Cost Fair Value Cost Fair Value (in thousands) (in thousands) Maturing within one year$198,022 $197,956 $211,311 $211,059 Maturing in one to five years 47,819 47,701 108,202 107,935 Total available-for-sale securities$245,841 $245,657 $319,513 $318,994 As of December 31, 2016, certain available-for-sale securities had been in a continuous unrealized loss position, each for less than twelve months. As of thisdate, no significant facts or circumstances were present to indicate a deterioration in the creditworthiness of the respective issuers, and the Company had norequirement or intention to sell these securities before maturity or recovery of their amortized cost basis. During the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and2014, we did not recognize any other-than-temporary impairment loss.In addition, restricted cash collateralized by money market funds is a financial asset measured at fair value and is a Level 1 financial instrument under thefair value hierarchy. 81 5.Property and EquipmentProperty and equipment of $1.8 million includes lab equipment, furniture and fixtures, computer equipment and software, which are depreciated over theestimated useful lives of the assets, ranging from three to five years. Leasehold improvements of $0.5 million are amortized over the lesser of the life of theleasehold improvements or the lease term. Costs for construction-in-process of $1.0 million related to expenses capitalized for our planned manufacturing facility inThousand Oaks, California are also included in property and equipment. Depreciation expense was $0.4 million, $48,000 and $6,000 for the years ended December31, 2016, 2015 and 2014, respectively. 6.License and Collaboration AgreementsMSK Agreements – In September 2014, we entered into an exclusive option agreement with MSK under which we had the right to acquire the exclusiveworldwide license rights to three clinical stage T-cell therapies from MSK. In exchange for the option, we paid $1.25 million in cash and issued 59,761 shares ofour common stock to MSK. At the time of issuance, we estimated the fair value of the stock issued to MSK to be $0.75 million. The total of $2.0 million wasrecorded as research and development expense in our statements of operations and comprehensive loss.In June 2015, we exercised our option and entered into an exclusive license agreement with MSK. In connection with the execution of the licenseagreement, we paid $4.5 million in cash to MSK, which was recorded as research and development expense in our statement of operations and comprehensive loss.We are required to make additional payments of up to $33.0 million to MSK based on achievement of specified regulatory and sales-related milestones, as well asmid-single-digit percentage tiered royalty payments based on future sales of products resulting from the development of the licensed product candidates, if any. Inaddition, under certain circumstances, we are required to make certain minimum annual royalty payments to MSK, which are creditable against earned royaltiesowed for the same annual period. We are also required to pay a low double-digit percentage of any consideration we receive for sublicensing the licensed rights.The license agreement expires on a product-by-product and country-by-country basis on the later of: (i) expiration of the last licensed patent rights related to eachlicensed product, (ii) expiration of any market exclusivity period granted by law with respect to each licensed product, and (iii) a specified number of years after thefirst commercial sale of the licensed product in each country. Upon expiration of the license agreement, Atara will retain non-exclusive rights to the licensedproducts.QIMR Berghofer Agreements – In October 2015, we entered into an exclusive license agreement and a research and development collaboration agreementwith QIMR Berghofer. Under the terms of the license agreement, we obtained an exclusive, worldwide license to develop and commercialize allogeneic cytotoxic T-lymphocyte(“CTL”) therapy programs utilizing technology and know-how developed by QIMR Berghofer. In consideration for the exclusive license, we paid $3.0 million incash to QIMR Berghofer, which was recorded as research and development expense in our consolidated statement of operations and comprehensive loss in thefourth quarter of 2015. In September 2016, the exclusive license agreement and research and development collaboration agreement were amended and restated.Under the amended and restated agreements, we obtained an exclusive, worldwide license to develop and commercialize additional CTL programs as well as theoption to license additional technology in exchange for $3.3 million in cash, which was recorded as research and development expense in our consolidatedstatement of operations and comprehensive loss in the third quarter of 2016 and paid in October 2016. The amended and restated license agreement also providesfor various milestone and royalty payments to QIMR Berghofer based on future product sales, if any.Under the terms of the amended and restated research and development collaboration agreement, we are also required to reimburse the cost of agreed-upondevelopment activities related to programs developed under the collaboration. These payments are expensed on a straight-line basis over the related developmentperiods and resulted in research and development expense of $1.2 million and $0.2 million for the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2015, respectively. Theagreement also provides for various milestone payments to QIMR Berghofer based on achievement of certain developmental and regulatory milestones.Milestones and royalties under each of the above agreements are contingent upon future events and will be recorded as expense when it is probable that themilestones will be achieved or royalties are due. As of December 31, 2016 and 2015, there were no outstanding obligations for milestones and royalties to MSKand QIMR Berghofer.Amgen License Agreements – In September 2012, we entered into license agreements with Amgen, Inc., for several molecular programs, includingPINTA745, ATA842 and STM434. In December 2015, we announced the suspension of further development of PINTA745 and, in June 2016, we returned therights related to this and the ATA842 program to Amgen. 82 7.Commitments and Con tingenciesLicense and Collaboration AgreementsPotential payments related to our license and collaboration agreements, including milestone and royalty payments, are detailed in Note 6. As theachievement of regulatory and sales milestones and royalties are currently not fixed and determinable, such commitments have not been included in our balancesheets. Other Research and Development AgreementsWe may also enter into contracts in the normal course of business with clinical research organizations for clinical trials, with contract manufacturingorganizations for clinical supplies, and with other vendors for pre-clinical studies, supplies and other services and products for operating purposes. These contractsgenerally provide for termination on notice, with the exception of potential termination charges related to one of our contract manufacturing agreements in theevent certain minimum purchase volumes are not met.Operating LeasesWe lease our corporate headquarters in South San Francisco, California under a non-cancellable lease agreement that expires in April 2021. In connectionwith the lease, we were required to issue a letter of credit in the amount of $0.2 million to the landlord, which expires in December 2017 and is classified asrestricted cash in our balance sheet. We also lease office space in Westlake Village, California that expires in April 2019. In February 2017, we entered into a leaseagreement for approximately 90,580 square feet of office, lab and cellular therapy manufacturing space in Thousand Oaks, California. The term of the leasecommences after the end of the construction project when the landlord delivers possession of the property to us. Upon the commencement of the lease, the initialterm of the lease is fifteen years. Future minimum payments under our operating leases as of December 31, 2016 were as follows: Operating Leases Periods Ending December 31, (in thousands) 2017 $1,294 2018 980 2019 732 2020 613 2021 259 Thereafter — Total operating lease commitments $3,878 Less income from sublease (18)Net minimum operating lease commitments $3,860 Rent expenses for the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014 were $1.2 million, $0.4 million and $0.1 million, respectively.Indemnification AgreementsIn the normal course of business, we enter into contracts and agreements that contain a variety of representations and warranties and provide forindemnification for certain liabilities. The exposure under these agreements is unknown because it involves claims that may be made against us in the future buthave not yet been made. To date, we have not paid any claims or been required to defend any action related to our indemnification obligations. However, we mayrecord charges in the future as a result of these indemnification obligations. We also have indemnification obligations to our directors and executive officers forspecified events or occurrences, subject to some limits, while they are serving at our request in such capacities. There have been no claims to date and we believethe fair value of these indemnification agreements is minimal. Accordingly, we have not recorded any liabilities for these agreements as of December 31, 2016 and2015.ContingenciesFrom time to time, we may be involved in legal proceedings, as well as demands, claims and threatened litigation, which arise in the normal course of ourbusiness or otherwise. The ultimate outcome of any litigation is uncertain and unfavorable outcomes could have a negative impact on our results of operations andfinancial condition. Regardless of outcome, litigation can have an adverse impact on us because of the defense costs, diversion of management resources and otherfactors. We are not currently involved in any material legal proceedings.83 8.Stockholders’ EquityOur authorized capital stock consists of 520,000,000 shares, all with a par value of $0.0001 per share, of which 500,000,000 shares are designated ascommon stock and 20,000,000 shares are designated as preferred stock. There were no shares of preferred stock outstanding as of December 31, 2016 and 2015.The following shares of common stock were reserved for future issuance as of December 31, 2016: Total SharesReserved 2014 Equity Incentive Plan 9,132,638 2014 Employee Stock Purchase Plan 640,823 Total reserved shares of common stock 9,773,461 Restricted Stock AwardsIn August 2012, in connection with our formation, our CEO purchased 1,066,154 post-recap, post-split shares of restricted common stock at a nominal pershare purchase price. The shares were issued subject to certain vesting conditions, restrictions on transfer and a Company right of repurchase of any unvested shareat their original purchase price. The combined grant date intrinsic value for this award was $1.7 million.In March 2013, an Atara employee purchased 269,230 post-recap, post-split shares of restricted common stock for $0.3 million. The shares were issuedunder our 2012 Equity Incentive Plan and were subject to certain vesting conditions, restrictions on transfer and a Company right of repurchase of any unvestedshares at their original purchase price.The amounts paid for both RSAs were initially recorded as other long-term liabilities. As the shares vested, we reclassified liabilities to equity. As ofDecember 31, 2016, all of these shares had vested and are reported as common stock shares outstanding in the consolidated financial statements.There were no grants of RSAs in the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014. Stock-based compensation expense related to the RSAs is recordedusing the accelerated graded vesting model and was $0.2 million, $0.8 million and $5.2 million for the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014,respectively.Equity Incentive PlanIn March 2014, we adopted the 2014 Equity Incentive Plan (the “2014 EIP”) as part of our Recapitalization. In connection with the Recapitalization, Ataraassumed the plans of Nina, Pinta and Santa Maria and all outstanding RSAs and RSUs granted under such plans. At the date of Recapitalization, RSAs and RSUsissued by Nina, Pinta and Santa Maria to Atara employees became employee awards and the awards’ grant dates were established as the Recapitalization date. InMay 2014, our board of directors amended and restated our 2014 EIP and the amended plan became effective on October 15, 2014 upon the pricing of our IPO.The 2014 EIP provides for annual increases in the number of shares available for issuance thereunder on the first business day of each fiscal year, beginningwith 2015 and ending in 2024, equal to five percent of the number of shares of the Company’s common stock outstanding as of such date or a lesser number ofshares as determined by our board of directors.Under the terms of the 2014 EIP, we may grant options, RSAs and RSUs to employees, directors, consultants and other service providers. RSUs typicallyrequire settlement by the earlier of seven years from the date of grant or the service termination (or, for RSUs granted prior to February 2014, two years followingthe service termination date). Stock options are granted at prices no less than 100% of the estimated fair value of the shares on the date of grant as determined bythe board of directors, provided, however, that the exercise price of an option granted to a 10% shareholder cannot be less than 110% of the estimated fair value ofthe shares on the date of grant. Options granted to employees and non-employees generally vest over four years and expire in seven years. As of December 31,2016, a total of 9,132,638 shares of common stock were reserved for issuance under the 2014 Plan, of which 4,087,124 shares were available for future grant and5,045,514 were subject to outstanding options and RSUs.Restricted Stock Units and AwardsThe RSUs granted prior to our October 2014 IPO had a time-based service condition and a liquidity-based performance condition, and vest when bothconditions are met. Prior to our IPO, we determined that the liquidity-based performance condition was not probable of occurring and recorded no stock-basedcompensation expense related to these RSUs. Upon the closing of our IPO, we84 recorded $3.8 million of stock-based compensation expense in our statement of operations and comprehensive loss. The weighted average grant da te fair value ofRSUs granted during the year ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014 was $17.83, $25.15 and $6.53, respectively. As of December 31, 2016, there was $18.0million of unrecognized stock-based compensation expense related to RSUs that is expec ted to be recognized over a weighted average period of 1.8 years. Theaggregate intrinsic value of the RSUs outstanding as of December 31, 2016 was $18.6 million.The following is a summary of RSAs and RSUs activity under our 2014 EIP: RSAs RSUs Shares Weighted AverageGrant Date Fair Value Shares Weighted AverageGrant Date Fair Value Unvested as of December 31, 2015 48,317 $0.40 427,605 $7.86 Granted — 1,142,697 $17.83 Forfeited — (78,859) $13.56 Vested (48,317) $0.40 (205,181) $6.34 Unvested as of December 31, 2016 — 1,286,262 $16.61 Vested and unreleased 25,405 Outstanding as of December 31, 2016 1,311,667 Under our RSU net settlement procedures, we withhold shares at settlement to cover the minimum payroll withholding tax obligations. During 2016, wesettled 204,611 RSUs, of which 199,389 RSUs were net settled by withholding 5,222 shares. The value of the RSUs withheld was $0.1 million, based on theclosing price of our common stock on the settlement date. This amount was remitted to the appropriate taxing authorities and has been reflected as a financingactivity in our statements of cash flows.Stock OptionsThe following is a summary of option activity under our 2014 EIP: Shares Weighted AverageExercise Price Weighted AverageRemainingContractual Term(Years) Aggregate IntrinsicValue(in thousands) Outstanding as of December 31, 2015 3,137,529 $25.81 Granted 975,250 $20.01 Exercised (18,947) $13.15 Forfeited or expired (359,985) $28.74 Outstanding as of December 31, 2016 3,733,847 $24.14 5.6 $1,369 Vested and expected to vest as of December 31, 2016 3,733,847 $24.14 5.6 $1,369 Exercisable as of December 31, 2016 1,143,977 $24.99 5.0 $719 Aggregate intrinsic value represents the difference between the closing stock price of our common stock on December 31, 2016 and the exercise price ofoutstanding, in-the-money options. As of December 31, 2016, there was $32.2 million of unrecognized stock-based compensation expense related to stock optionsthat is expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of 2.8 years.Options for 18,947 and 23,822 shares of our common stock were exercised during the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2015, with an intrinsic value of$0.2 million and $0.6 million, respectively. No options were exercised during 2014. As we believe it is more likely than not that no stock option related tax benefitswill be realized, we do not record any net tax benefits related to exercised options.85 The fair value of each option issued was estimated at the date of grant using the Black-Scholes valuation model. The following table summarizes theweighted-average assumptions used as inputs t o the Black-Scholes model, and resulting weighted-average grant date fair values of employee and consultant stockoptions granted during the periods indicated: Year ended December 31, 2016 Year ended December 31, 2015 Year ended December 31, 2014 Employees Consultants Employees Consultants Employees Consultants Assumptions: Expected term (years) 4.5 7.0 4.5 7.0 4.5 7.0 Expected volatility 69.0% 66.1% 72.4% 71.5% 65.7% 65.8%Risk-free interest rate 1.3% 1.7% 1.6% 2.0% 1.6% 2.2%Expected dividend yield 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0%Fair Value: Weighted-average estimated grant date fair value per share$11.02 $11.57 $16.63 $27.82 $7.29 $8.61 Options granted 966,250 9,000 2,601,174 9,000 590,015 35,844 Total estimated grant date fair value$10,648,000 $104,000 $43,258,000 $250,000 $4,301,000 $309,000 The estimated fair value of stock options that vested in the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014 was $14.0 million, $2.9 million and $0.1million, respectively.Employee Stock Purchase Plan In May 2014, we adopted the 2014 Employee Stock Purchase Plan (“2014 ESPP”), which became effective on October 15, 2014 upon the pricing of ourIPO. The 2014 ESPP permits eligible employees to purchase common stock at a discount through payroll deductions during defined offering periods. Eligibleemployees can purchase shares of the Company’s common stock at 85% of the lower of the fair market value of the common stock at (i) the beginning of a 12-month offering period, or (ii) at the end of one of the two related 6-month purchase periods. No participant in the 2014 ESPP may be issued or transferred shares ofcommon stock valued at more than $25,000 per calendar year. On June 1, 2016, the first offering under the 2014 ESPP commenced, and the Company recorded$0.4 million of expense in the year ended December 31, 2016. A total of 22,844 shares were purchased at the end of the first purchase period on November 30,2016. The 2014 ESPP provides for annual increases in the number of shares available for issuance thereunder on the first business day of each fiscal year,beginning with 2015 and ending in 2024, equal to the lower of (i) one percent of the number of shares of our common stock outstanding as of such date, (ii)230,769 shares of our common stock, or (iii) a lesser number of shares as determined by our board of directors. As of December 31, 2016, there were 640,823shares available for purchase under the 2014 ESPP.Stock-based Compensation ExpenseTotal stock-based compensation expense related to all employee and non-employee awards was as follows: Year Ended December 31, 2016 2015 2014 (in thousands) Research and development $7,612 $4,822 $3,258 General and administrative 9,172 5,429 6,843 Total stock-based compensation expense $16,784 $10,251 $10,101 86 9.Income TaxesLosses before provision for income taxes were as follows in each period presented: Year Ended December 31, 2016 2015 2014 (in thousands) United States $(48,795) $(57,230) $(28,031)Foreign (30,244) — — Total loss before provision for income taxes $(79,039) $(57,230) $(28,031) The components of income tax provision (benefit) were as follows in each period presented: Year Ended December 31, 2016 2015 2014 Current provision (benefit) for income taxes: (in thousands) Federal $— $(1) $(36)State 10 (8) 11 Total current provision (benefit) for income taxes $10 $(9) $(25) A reconciliation of statutory tax rates to effective tax rates were as follows in each of the periods presented: Year Ended December 31, 2016 2015 2014 Federal income taxes at statutory rate 34.0% 34.0% 34.0%Non-deductible stock compensation (1.3%) (0.6%) (7.3%)Foreign income tax at different rate (13.0%) — — Other (0.9%) — 0.1%Valuation allowance (18.8%) (33.4%) (26.7%)Effective tax rate 0.0% 0.0% 0.1% Deferred tax assets and liabilities reflect the net tax effect of temporary differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities for financialreporting purposes and the amounts used for income tax purposes. Significant components of our deferred tax assets and liabilities were as follows as of the datesindicated: As of December 31, 2016 2015 Deferred tax assets: (in thousands) Net operating losses $36,911 $24,219 License fees 5,800 5,122 Stock-based compensation 9,600 4,999 Legal fees 1,933 1,436 Other 1,643 1,249 Total deferred tax assets 55,887 37,025 Valuation allowance (55,887) (37,025)Net deferred tax assets $— $— We recognize deferred income taxes for temporary differences between the basis of assets and liabilities for financial statement and income tax purposes, aswell as for tax attribute carryforwards. We regularly evaluate the positive and negative evidence in determining the realizability of our deferred tax assets. Basedupon the weight of available evidence, which includes our historical operating performance and reported cumulative net losses since inception, we maintained a fullvaluation allowance on the net deferred tax assets as of December 31, 2016 and 2015. We intend to maintain a full valuation allowance on our deferred tax assetsuntil sufficient positive evidence exists to support reversal of the valuation allowance. The valuation allowance increased by $18.9 million, $23.3 million and $9.2million for the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014, respectively.As of December 31, 2016, we had federal and state net operating loss carryforwards for tax return purposes of $100.0 million and $130.1 million,respectively. The federal and state net operating loss carryforwards begin to expire in 2032 in various amounts if not utilized. Included in each of these amounts areunrealized federal and state net operating loss deductions resulting from stock87 option exercises of $10.5 million and $10.5 million, respectively. The benefit of these unrealized stock option-related deductions has not been included in thedeferred tax assets table above and will be recogn ized as a credit to additional paid-in capital when realized.Under Section 382 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”), our ability to utilize net operating loss carryforwards or other taxattributes in any taxable year may be limited if we have experienced an “ownership change.” Generally, a Section 382 “ownership change” occurs if one or morestockholders or groups of stockholders who owns at least 5% of a corporation’s stock increases its ownership by more than 50% over its lowest ownershippercentage within a specified testing period. Similar rules may apply under state tax laws.We have completed a Section 382 study of transactions in our stock through December 31, 2016. The study concluded that we have experienced at least oneownership change since inception and that our utilization of net operating loss carryforwards will be subject to annual limitations. Further, other provisions of theCode may limit our ability to utilize federal net operating losses incurred before our Recapitalization to offset income or gain realized after the Recapitalizationunless such income or gain is realized by the same entity that originally incurred such losses. However, it is not expected that these limitations will result in theexpiration of tax attribute carryforwards prior to utilization.A reconciliation of the beginning and ending amount of gross unrecognized tax benefits is as follows: (In thousands) Balance as of December 31, 2013$— Gross increases for tax positions related to current year 1,014 Gross increases for tax positions related to prior years 629 Balance as of December 31, 2014 1,643 Gross increases for tax positions related to current year 2,671 Balance as of December 31, 2015 4,314 Gross increases for tax positions related to current year 4,971 Balance as of December 31, 2016$9,285 The Company currently has a full valuation allowance against its U.S. net deferred tax assets, which would impact the timing of the effective tax rate benefitshould any uncertain tax position be favorably settled in the future. Of the $9.3 million total unrecognized tax benefits as of December 31, 2016, $0.1 million, ifrecognized, would affect the Company’s effective tax rate. During July 2016, the Company licensed certain intellectual property rights to a wholly-owned subsidiary outside the United States. Although the license ofintellectual property rights between consolidated entities did not result in any gain in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss, thetransaction generated a taxable gain in the United States. However, as this gain is offset by current and existing tax losses, there was no cash tax impact from thetransaction in the periods presented. As a result of the transaction, there was an increase of $0.6 million in unrecognized tax benefits during the year endedDecember 31, 2016. The remaining $4.4 million increase in unrecognized tax benefits related to increasing federal and state research and development tax creditcarryforwards. The Company expects to record an uncertain tax benefit of $1.1 million during the next 12 months related to the licensed intellectual property rights.The Company’s policy is to account for interest and penalties related to uncertain tax positions as a component of the income tax provision. The amount of accruedinterest and penalties as of December 31, 2016 and for the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014 was immaterial. Our significant jurisdictions are the U.S. federal and the California state jurisdiction. All of our tax years remain open to examination by the U.S. federal andCalifornia tax authorities. Item 9. Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial DisclosureNone. Item 9A. Controls and ProceduresEvaluation of Disclosure Controls and ProceduresUnder the supervision of our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, we evaluated the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures(as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) of the Exchange Act as of December 31, 2016. Based on that evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officerhave concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of December 31, 2016 to ensure that information required to be disclosed by us in thereports we file or submit under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms,and88 that such information is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate toallow timely discussion regarding required disclosures. In designing and evaluating our disclosure controls and procedures, management recognizes that anydisclosure controls and procedures, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable assurance of achieving the desired control objectives.In addition, the design of disclosure controls and procedures must reflect the fact that th ere are resource constraints and that management is required to apply itsjudgment in evaluating the benefits of possible controls and procedures relative to their costs.Management’s Report on Internal Control over Financial ReportingOur management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting, as such term is defined in Exchange ActRules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f). Our management conducted an evaluation of the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting as of December 31,2016 based on the criteria established in Internal Control - Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the TreadwayCommission.Based on the results of its evaluation, management concluded that our internal control over financial reporting was effective as of December 31, 2016.Inherent Limitations on Controls and ProceduresOur management, including the Chief Executive and Financial Officer and Principal Accounting Officer, does not expect that our disclosure controls andprocedures and our internal controls will prevent all error and all fraud. A control system, no matter how well designed and operated, can only provide reasonableassurances that the objectives of the control system are met. The design of a control system reflects resource constraints; the benefits of controls must be consideredrelative to their costs. Because there are inherent limitations in all control systems, no evaluation of controls can provide absolute assurance that all control issuesand instances of fraud, if any, within the Company have been or will be detected. As these inherent limitations are known features of the financial reportingprocess, it is possible to design into the process safeguards to reduce, though not eliminate, these risks. These inherent limitations include the realities thatjudgments in decision-making can be faulty and that breakdowns occur because of simple error or mistake. Controls can be circumvented by the individual acts ofsome persons, by collusion of two or more people, or by management override of the control. The design of any system of controls is based in part upon certainassumptions about the likelihood of future events. While our disclosure controls and procedures are designed to provide reasonable assurance of achieving theirobjectives, there can be no assurance that any design will succeed in achieving its stated goals under all future conditions. Over time, controls may becomeinadequate because of changes in conditions or deterioration in the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures. Because of the inherent limitations in acost-effective control system, misstatements due to error or fraud may occur and not be detected.We intend to review and evaluate the design and effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures on an ongoing basis and to improve our controlsand procedures over time and to correct any deficiencies that we may discover in the future. While our Chief Executive and Financial Officer and PrincipalAccounting Officer have concluded that, as of December 31, 2016, the design of our disclosure controls and procedures, as defined in Rule 13a-15(e) under theExchange Act, was effective, future events affecting our business may cause us to significantly modify our disclosure controls and procedures.Changes in Internal Control over Financial ReportingThere w as no change in our internal control over financial reporting identified in connection with the evaluation required by Rules 13a-15(d) and 15d-15(d)of the Exchange Act that occurred during the three months ended December 31, 2016 that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, ourinternal control over financial reporting.Report of the Independent Registered Public Accounting FirmThis Annual Report on Form 10-K does not include an attestation report of our registered public accounting firm due to an exemption established by theJOBS Act for “emerging growth companies.” Item 9B. Other InformationNone. 89 PA RT III Certain information required by Part III is omitted from this Annual Report on Form 10-K since we intend to file our definitive proxy statement for our 2016annual meeting of stockholders, or the Definitive Proxy Statement, pursuant to Regulation 14A of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, notlater than 120 days after December 31, 2016, and certain information to be included in the Definitive Proxy Statement is incorporated herein by reference. Item 10. Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate GovernanceInformation required by this Item is hereby incorporated by reference to our Definitive Proxy Statement.We have adopted a Code of Conduct that applies to our officers, directors and employees which is available on our internet website at www.atarabio.com . The Code of Conduct contains general guidelines for conducting the business of our company consistent with the highest standards of business ethics, and isintended to qualify as a “code of ethics” within the meaning of Section 406 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 and Item 406 of Regulation S-K. In addition,we intend to promptly disclose (1) the nature of any amendment to our Code of Conduct that applies to our principal executive officer, principal financialofficer, principal accounting officer or controller or persons performing similar functions and (2) the nature of any waiver, including an implicit waiver,from a provision of our code of ethics that is granted to one of these specified officers, the name of such person who is granted the waiver and the date of thewaiver on our website in the future. Item 11. Executive CompensationInformation required by this Item is hereby incorporated by reference to our Definitive Proxy Statement. Item 12. Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder MattersInformation required by this Item is hereby incorporated by reference to our Definitive Proxy Statement. Item 13. Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director IndependenceInformation required by this Item is hereby incorporated by reference to our Definitive Proxy Statement. Item 14. Principal Accounting Fees and ServicesInformation required by this Item is hereby incorporated by reference to our Definitive Proxy Statement.90 P ART IV Item 15. Exhibits, Financial Statement Schedules(a)(1)Financial Statements.The response to this portion of Item 15 is set forth under Item 8 above.(a)(2)Financial Statement Schedules.All schedules have been omitted because they are not required or because the required information is given in the financial statements or notes thereto setforth under Item 8 above.(a)(3 )Exhibits.A list of exhibits filed with this report or incorporated herein by reference can be found in the Exhibit Index immediately following the signature page ofthis Report.91 SIGNATURESPursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, the registrant has duly caused this report to besigned on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized, in the City of South San Francisco, State of California, on the 9th day of March, 2017. Atara Biotherapeutics, Inc. By: /s/ Isaac E. Ciechanover Isaac E. Ciechanover, M.D. President and Chief Executive OfficerKNOW ALL PERSONS BY THESE PRESENTS, that each person whose signature appears below constitutes and appoints Isaac E. Ciechanover and JohnF. McGrath, Jr., and each of them, as his or her true and lawful attorneys-in-fact and agents, each with the full power of substitution, for him or her and in his or hername, place or stead, in any and all capacities, to sign any and all amendments (including post-effective amendments) to this Annual Report on Form 10-K, and tofile the same, with exhibits thereto and other documents in connection therewith, with the Securities and Exchange Commission, granting unto said attorneys-in-fact and agents, and each of them, full power and authority to do and perform each and every act and thing requisite and necessary to be done in and about thepremises, as fully to all intents and purposes as he or she might or could do in person, hereby ratifying and confirming all that said attorneys-in-fact and agents, ortheir, his or her substitute or substitutes, may lawfully do or cause to be done by virtue hereof.Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the registrantand in the capacities and on the dates indicated. Signature Title Date /s/ Isaac E. Ciechanover Isaac E. Ciechanover, M.D. President and Chief Executive Officer ( principal executive officer ) March 9, 2017 /s/ John F. McGrath, Jr. John F. McGrath, Jr. Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer (principal financial and accounting officer ) March 9, 2017 /s/ Eric Dobmeier Eric Dobmeier Director March 9, 2017 /s/ Matthew K. Fust Matthew K. Fust Director March 9, 2017 /s/ Carol G. Gallagher Carol G. Gallagher, Pharm.D. Director March 9, 2017 /s/ William Heiden William Heiden Director March 9, 2017 /s/ Joel S. Marcus Joel S. Marcus Director March 9, 2017 /s/ Beth Seidenberg Beth Seidenberg, M.D. Director March 9, 2017 92 EXHIBIT INDEX Exhibit Number Incorporated by Reference Filed Herewith Exhibit Description Form File No. Exhibit Filing Date 3.1 Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of AtaraBiotherapeutics, Inc. S-1 333-196936 3.2 06/20/2014 3.2 Amended and Restated Bylaws of Atara Biotherapeutics, Inc. S-1 333-196936 3.4 06/20/2014 4.1 Form of Common Stock Certificate S-1/A 333-196936 4.1 07/10/2014 4.2 Investors’ Rights Agreement, by and among AtaraBiotherapeutics, Inc. and the stockholders named therein, datedMarch 31, 2014 S-1 333-196936 4.2 06/20/2014 10.1* Amended and Restated 2014 Equity Incentive Plan 10-Q 001-36548 10.2 08/08/2016 10.2* Forms of Option Agreement and Option Grant Notice under the2014 Equity Incentive Plan S-1 333-196936 10.2 06/20/2014 10.3* Form of Restricted Stock Unit Agreement and Restricted StockUnit Grant Notice under the 2014 Equity Incentive Plan S-1 333-196936 10.3 06/20/2014 10.4* Nina Biotherapeutics, Inc. 2012 Equity Incentive Plan S-1 333-196936 10.4 06/20/2014 10.5* Pinta Biotherapeutics, Inc. 2012 Equity Incentive Plan S-1 333-196936 10.5 06/20/2014 10.6* Santa Maria Biotherapeutics, Inc. 2012 Equity Incentive Plan S-1 333-196936 10.6 06/20/2014 10.7* Form of Stock Unit Agreement under the Nina Biotherapeutics,Inc. 2012 Equity Incentive Plan, Pinta Biotherapeutics, Inc. 2012Equity Incentive Plan and Santa Maria Biotherapeutics, Inc.2012 Equity Incentive Plan S-1 333-196936 10.7 06/20/2014 10.8* 2014 Employee Stock Purchase Plan S-1/A 333-196936 10.8 07/10/2014 10.9* Form of Indemnification Agreement made by and between AtaraBiotherapeutics, Inc. and each of its directors and executiveofficers S-1 333-196936 10.9 06/20/2014 10.10* Amended and Restated Executive Employment Agreement byand between Atara Biotherapeutics, Inc. and Isaac E.Ciechanover, dated October 12, 2015 8-K 001-36548 10.1 10/16/2015 10.11* Amended and Restated Executive Employment Agreementbetween Atara Biotherapeutics, Inc. and John F. McGrath, Jr.,dated October 12, 2015 8-K 001-36548 10.2 10/16/2015 10.12* Amended and Restated Executive Employment Agreementbetween Atara Biotherapeutics, Inc. and Christopher M. Haqq,dated October 12, 2015 8-K 001-36548 10.3 10/16/2015 93 Exhibit Number Incorporated by Reference Filed Herewith Exhibit Description Form File No. Exhibit Filing Date 10.13 * Amended and Restated Executive Employment Agreementbetween Atara Biotherapeutics, Inc. and Mitchall Clark, datedOctober 12, 2015 8-K 001-36548 10.4 10/16/2015 10.14* Amended and Restated Executive Employment Agreementbetween Atara Biotherapeutics, Inc. and Heather D. Turner,dated October 12, 2015 10-Q 001-36548 10.1 05/06/2016 10.15† Exclusive Option Agreement, by and between AtaraBiotherapeutics, Inc. and Memorial Sloan Kettering CancerCenter, dated as of September 19, 2014 10-Q 001-36548 10.29 05/11/2015 10.16† Amendment Number One to the Exclusive Option Agreement,by and between Atara Biotherapeutics, Inc. and Memorial SloanKettering Cancer Center, dated as of June 12, 2015 10-Q 001-36548 10.32 08/07/2015 10.17† Exclusive License Agreement, by and between AtaraBiotherapeutics, Inc. and Memorial Sloan Kettering CancerCenter, dated as of June 12, 2015 S-1 333-205347 10.30 06/29/2015 10.18 Office Lease, by and between Atara Biotherapeutics, Inc. andBPG Rock Westlake, LLC, dated January 7, 2015 10-Q 001-36548 10.33 11/06/2015 10.19 First Amendment to Lease, by and between BPG RockWestlake, LLC and Atara Biotherapeutics, Inc., dated as ofSeptember 9, 2015 10-Q 001-36548 10.34 11/06/2015 10.20 Office Lease, by and between BXP 611 Gateway Center LP andAtara Biotherapeutics, Inc., dated as of December 9, 2015 10-K 001-36548 10.29 3/04/2016 10.21* Amended and Restated Executive Employment Agreementbetween Atara Biotherapeutics, Inc. and Gad Soffer, datedOctober 12, 2015 X21.1 List of Subsidiaries X 23.1 Consent of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm X 24.1 Power of Attorney (included on signature page) 31.1 Certification by Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Section 302of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. X 31.2 Certification by Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Section 302of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. X 32.1(1) Certifications of Chief Executive Officer and Chief FinancialOfficer pursuant to 18 USC Section 1350 as adopted pursuant toSection 906 of The Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. X 101.INS XBRL Instance Document. X 101.SCH XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document. X 101.CAL XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document. X 101.DEF XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document. X94 Exhibit Number Incorporated by Reference Filed Herewith Exhibit Description Form File No. Exhibit Filing Date 101.LAB XBRL Taxonomy Extension Labels Linkbase Document. X 101.PRE XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation LinkbaseDocument. X †Confidential treatment has been granted for a portion of this exhibit.*Indicates management contract or compensatory plan or arrangement.(1)The certifications attached as Exhibit 32.1 accompany this Annual Report on Form 10-K pursuant to 18 USC. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant toSection 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, and shall not be deemed “filed” by the Registrant for purposes of Section 18 of the Securities Exchange Actof 1934, as amended. 95 Exhibit 10.21 ATARA BIOTHERAPEUTICS, INC.EXECUTIVE EMPLOYMENT AGREEMENTforGAD SOFFERThis Amended and Restated Executive Employment Agreement (this “ Agreement ”), is made and entered into as ofOctober 12, 2015 (the “ Effective Date ”), by and between Gad Soffer (“ Executive ”) and Atara Biotherapeutics, Inc. (the “Company ”). WHEREAS , the Company and Executive are parties to that certain March 31, 2014 Employment Agreement (the “ PriorAgreement ”); andWHEREAS , the Company and Executive desire to amend and restate in its entirety the Prior Agreement on the terms setforth herein.NOW, THEREFORE , in consideration of the mutual promises and covenants contained herein and for other good andvaluable consideration, the receipt and sufficiency of which is hereby acknowledged, the parties hereto agree as follows:1. Employment by the Company.1.1 Position. Executive shall serve as the Company’s Chief Operating Officer, reportingto the Chief Executive Officer. During the term of Executive’s employment with the Company, Executive will devote Executive’sbest efforts and substantially all of Executive’s business time and attention to the business of the Company, except for approvedvacation periods and reasonable periods of illness or other incapacities permitted by the Company’s general employment policies.1.2 Duties and Location. Executive shall perform such duties as are customarilyassociated with the position of Chief Operating Officer and such other duties as are assigned to Executive by the Chief ExecutiveOfficer. Executive’s primary office location shall be the Company’s headquarters located in South San Francisco,California. Subject to the terms of this Agreement, the Company reserves the right to (a) reasonably require Executive to performExecutive’s duties at places other than Executive’s primary office location from time to time and to require reasonable businesstravel, and (b) modify Executive’s job title and duties as it deems necessary and appropriate in light of the Company’s needs andinterests from time to time.1.3 Policies and Procedures. The employment relationship between the parties shall begoverned by the general employment policies and practices of the Company, except that when the terms of this Agreement differfrom or are in conflict with the Company’s general employment policies or practices, this Agreement shall control.2. 1 . Compensation .2.1 Base Salary. For services to be rendered hereunder, Executive shall receive a basesalary at the rate of $345,000 per year (the “ Base Salary ”), less standard payroll deductions and withholdings and payable inaccordance with the Company’s regular payroll schedule.2.2 Annual Bonus. Executive will be eligible for an annual discretionary bonus (the “Annual Bonus ”) of up to forty percent (40%) of Executive’s then current Base Salary (the “ Target Bonus Amount ”). WhetherExecutive receives an Annual Bonus for any given year, and the amount of any such Annual Bonus, will be determined in the goodfaith discretion of the Company’s Board of Directors (“ Board ”) (or the Compensation Committee thereof), based upon theCompany’s and Executive’s achievement of objectives and milestones to be determined on an annual basis by the Board (orCompensation Committee thereof). No Annual Bonus is guaranteed and, in addition to the other conditions for earning suchcompensation, Executive must remain an employee in good standing of the Company on the scheduled Annual Bonus payment datein order to be eligible for any Annual Bonus. 3. Standard Company Benefits. Executive shall, in accordance with Company policy and the terms andconditions of the applicable Company benefit plan documents, be eligible to participate in the benefit and fringe benefit programsprovided by the Company to its executive officers and other employees from time to time. Any such benefits shall be subject to theterms and conditions of the governing benefit plans and policies and may be changed by the Company in its discretion.4. Expenses. The Company will reimburse Executive for reasonable travel, entertainment or otherexpenses incurred by Executive in furtherance or in connection with the performance of Executive’s duties hereunder, in accordancewith the Company’s expense reimbursement policy as in effect from time to time. 5. Equity. Except as otherwise provided in this Agreement, any stock, stock options, restricted stock unitsor other equity awards that Executive has previously been granted by the Company (including but not limited to any stock options orrestricted stock units granted under the Company’s 2014 Equity Incentive Plan) shall continue to be governed in all respects by theterms of the applicable equity award documents.6. Proprietary Information Obligations .6.1 Proprietary Information Agreement. Executive acknowledges that Executiveexecuted, and will continue to abide by, the Company’s standard Proprietary Information and Inventions Agreement (“ ProprietaryAgreement ”).6.2 Third-Party Agreements and Information. Executive represents and warrants thatExecutive’s employment by the Company does not conflict with any prior employment or consulting agreement or other agreementwith any third party, and that Executive will perform Executive’s duties to the Company without violating any suchagreement. Executive represents and warrants that Executive does not possess confidential information arising out of prioremployment, consulting, or other third party relationships, that would be used in connection with Executive’s employment by theCompany, except as expressly authorized by that third party. 2 . During Executive ’ s employment by the Company, Executive will use in the performance of Executive ’ s duties only informationthat is generally known and used by persons with training and experience comparable to Executive ’ s own, common knowledge inthe industry, otherwise legally in the public domain, or obtained or developed by the Company or by Executive in the course ofExecutive ’ s work for the Company.7. Outside Activities and Non-Competition During Employment .7.1 Outside Activities. Throughout Executive’s employment with the Company,Executive may engage in civic and not-for-profit activities so long as such activities do not interfere with the performance ofExecutive’s duties hereunder or present a conflict of interest with the Company or its affiliates. Subject to the restrictions set forthherein, and only with prior written disclosure to and consent of the Board, Executive may engage in other types of business or publicactivities. The Board may rescind such consent, if the Board determines, in its sole discretion, that such activities compromise orthreaten to compromise the Company’s or its affiliates’ business interests or conflict with Executive’s duties to the Company or itsaffiliates.7.2 Non-Competition During Employment. Except as otherwise provided in thisAgreement, during Executive’s employment by the Company, Executive will not, without the express written consent of the Board,directly or indirectly serve as an officer, director, stockholder, employee, partner, proprietor, investor, joint ventures, associate,representative or consultant of any person or entity engaged in, or planning or preparing to engage in, business activity competitivewith any line of business engaged in (or planned to be engaged in) by the Company or its affiliates; provided, however, thatExecutive may purchase or otherwise acquire up to (but not more than) one percent (1%) of any class of securities of any enterprise(without participating in the activities of such enterprise) if such securities are listed on any national or regional securitiesexchange. In addition, Executive will be subject to certain restrictions (including restrictions continuing after Executive’semployment ends) under the terms of the Proprietary Agreement.8. Termination of Employment; Severance and Change in Control Benefits .8.1 At-Will Employment. Executive’s employment relationship is at-will. EitherExecutive or the Company may terminate the employment relationship at any time, with or without Cause (as defined below) oradvance notice.8.2 Termination Without Cause or Resignation for Good Reason Unrelated toChange in Control. In the event Executive’s employment with the Company is terminated by the Company without Cause (andother than as a result of Executive’s death or disability) or Executive resigns for Good Reason, in either case, at any time exceptduring the Change in Control Period (as defined below), then provided such termination constitutes a “separation from service” (asdefined under Treasury Regulation Section 1.409A-1(h), without regard to any alternative definition thereunder, a “ Separationfrom Service ”), and provided that Executive satisfies the Release Requirement in Section 9 below, and remains in compliance withthe terms of this Agreement, the Company shall provide Executive with the following “ Severance Benefits ” :3 . 8.2.1 Severance Payments . S everance pay in the form of continuation of Executive ’ s final Base S alary for aperiod of nine (9) months following termination , subject to required payroll deductions and tax withholdings (the “ SeverancePayments ” ). Subject to Section 10 below , the Severance Payments shall be made on the Company ’ s regular payroll schedule ineffect following Executive ’ s termination date ; provided, however that any such payments that are otherwise scheduled to be madeprior to the Effective Date of the Release (as defined below) shall instead accrue and be made on the first regular payroll datefollowing the Effective Date of the Release . For such purposes, Executive ’ s final Base S alary will be calculated prior to givin geffect to any reduction in Base Sa lary that would give rise to Executive ’ s right to resign for Good Reason.8.2.2 Health Care Continuation Coverage Payments . (i) COBRA Premiums. If Executive timely elects continued coverage under COBRA, the Company will payExecutive’s COBRA premiums to continue Executive’s coverage (including coverage for Executive’s eligible dependents, ifapplicable) (“ COBRA Premiums ”) through the period starting on the termination date and ending nine (9) months after thetermination date (the “ COBRA Premium Period ”); provided, however, that the Company’s provision of such COBRA Premiumbenefits will immediately cease if during the COBRA Premium Period Executive becomes eligible for group health insurancecoverage through a new employer or Executive ceases to be eligible for COBRA continuation coverage for any reason, includingplan termination. In the event Executive becomes covered under another employer’s group health plan or otherwise ceases to beeligible for COBRA during the COBRA Premium Period, Executive must immediately notify the Company of such event.(ii) Special Cash Payments in Lieu of COBRA Premiums . Notwithstanding the foregoing, if (a) as of the dateof Executive’s termination of employment Executive is not a participant in a Company group health plan under which he wouldotherwise be entitled to continued coverage under COBRA or (b) the Company determines, in its sole discretion, that it cannot paythe COBRA Premiums without potentially incurring financial costs or penalties under applicable law (including, without limitation,Section 2716 of the Public Health Service Act), regardless of whether Executive or Executive’s dependents elect or are eligible forCOBRA coverage, the Company instead shall pay to Executive, on the first day of each calendar month following the terminationdate, a fully taxable cash payment equal to the applicable COBRA premiums for that month (including the amount of COBRApremiums for Executive’s eligible dependents), subject to applicable tax withholdings (such amount, the “ Special Cash Payment”), for the remainder of the COBRA Premium Period. Executive may, but is not obligated to, use such Special Cash Paymentstoward the cost of COBRA premiums or toward premium costs under an individual health plan.8.3 Termination Without Cause or Resignation for Good Reason During Change in Control Period. In theevent Executive’s employment with the Company is terminated by the Company without Cause (and other than as a result ofExecutive’s death or disability) at any time during the Change in Control Period or Executive resigns for Good Reason at any timeduring the Change in Control Period, in lieu of (and not additional to) the Severance Benefits described in Section 8.2, and providedthat Executive satisfies the Release Requirement in Section 9 below and remains in compliance with the terms of this Agreement, theCompany shall instead provide Executive with the following “ CIC Severance Benefits ”. For the avoidance of doubt:4 . (A) in no event will Executive be entitled to severance benefits under Section 8.2 and this Section 8.3, and (B) if the Company hascommenced providing Severance Benefits to Executive under Section 8.2 prior to the date that Executive becomes eligible to receiveCIC Severance Benefits under this Section 8.3, the Severance Benefits previously provided to Executive under Section 8.2 of thisAgreement shall reduce the CIC Severance Benefits provided under this Section 8.3:8.3.1 CIC Severance Payment . Severance pay in the form of a lump sum payment of Executive’s final BaseSalary for the year in which the termination date occurs, payable within sixty (60) days following the termination date and subject torequired payroll deductions and tax withholdings (the “ CIC Severance Payment ”); provided, however that, if the period forsatisfaction of the Release Requirement (as defined below) begins in one taxable year and ends in another taxable year, paymentshall not be made until the beginning of the second taxable year. For such purposes, Executive’s final Base Salary will be calculatedprior to giving effect to any reduction in Base Salary that would give rise to Executive’s right to resign for Good Reason.8.3.2 CIC Health Care Continuation Coverage Payments .(i) COBRA Premiums. If Executive timely elects continued coverage under COBRA, the Company will payExecutive’s COBRA premiums to continue Executive’s coverage (including coverage for Executive’s eligible dependents, ifapplicable) (“ CIC COBRA Premiums ”) through the period starting on the termination date and ending twelve (12) months afterthe termination date (the “ CIC COBRA Premium Period ”); provided, however, that the Company’s provision of such CICCOBRA Premium benefits will immediately cease if during the CIC COBRA Premium Period Executive becomes eligible for grouphealth insurance coverage through a new employer or Executive ceases to be eligible for COBRA continuation coverage for anyreason, including plan termination. In the event Executive becomes covered under another employer’s group health plan orotherwise ceases to be eligible for COBRA during the CIC COBRA Premium Period, Executive must immediately notify theCompany of such event.(ii) Special Cash Payments in Lieu of CIC COBRA Premiums . Notwithstanding the foregoing, if the Companydetermines, in its sole discretion, that it cannot pay the CIC COBRA Premiums without potentially incurring financial costs orpenalties under applicable law (including, without limitation, Section 2716 of the Public Health Service Act), regardless of whetherExecutive or Executive’s dependents elect or are eligible for COBRA coverage, the Company instead shall pay to Executive, on thefirst day of each calendar month following the termination date, a fully taxable cash payment equal to the applicable COBRApremiums for that month (including the amount of COBRA premiums for Executive’s eligible dependents), subject to applicable taxwithholdings (such amount, the “ Special CIC Cash Payment ”), for the remainder of the CIC COBRA Premium Period. Executivemay, but is not obligated to, use such Special CIC Cash Payments toward the cost of COBRA premiums.8.3.3 Target Bonus Amount . Executive shall also receive an amount equal to the Target Bonus Amount, payablein a lump sum within sixty (60) days following the termination date and subject to required payroll deductions and tax withholdings;provided,5 . however that, if the period for satisfaction of the Release Requirement (as defined below) begins in one taxable year and ends inanother taxable year, payment shall not be made until the beginning of the second taxable year. For purposes of calculating theTarget Bonus Amount , Executive’s final Base Salary will be calculated prior to giving effect to any reduction in Base Salary thatwould give rise to Executive’s right to resign for Good Reason.8.3.4 Equity Acceleration . Notwithstanding anything to the contrary set forth in the Company’s 2014 EquityIncentive Plan, any prior equity incentive plans or any award agreement, effective as of Executive’s employment termination date,the vesting and exercisability of all unvested time-based vesting equity awards then held by Executive shall accelerate such that allshares become immediately vested and exercisable, if applicable, by Executive upon such termination and shall remain exercisable,if applicable, following Executive’s termination as set forth in the applicable equity award documents. With respect to anyperformance-based vesting equity award, such award shall continue to be governed in all respects by the terms of the applicableequity award documents.8.4 Termination for Cause; Resignation Without Good Reason; Death or Disability. Executive will not beeligible for, or entitled to any severance benefits, including (without limitation) the Severance Benefits and Change in ControlBenefits listed in Sections 8.2 and 8.3 above, if the Company terminates Executive’s employment for Cause, Executive resignsExecutive’s employment without Good Reason, or Executive’s employment terminates due to Executive’s death or disability. 9. Conditions to Receipt of Severance Benefits and Change in Control Severance Benefits. To beeligible for any of the Severance Benefits or Change in Control Severance Benefits pursuant to Sections 8.2 and 8.3 above,Executive must satisfy the following release requirement (the “ Release Requirement ”): return to the Company a signed and datedgeneral release of all known and unknown claims in a termination agreement acceptable to the Company (the “ Release ”) within theapplicable deadline set forth therein, but in no event later than forty-five (45) days following Executive’s termination date, andpermit the Release to become effective and irrevocable in accordance with its terms (such effective date of the Release, the “Effective Date ”). No Severance Benefits or Change in Control Severance Benefits will be paid hereunder prior to the EffectiveDate of the Release. Accordingly, if Executive breaches the preceding sentence and/or refuses to sign and deliver to the Company anexecuted Release or signs and delivers to the Company the Release but exercises Executive’s right, if any, under applicable law torevoke the Release (or any portion thereof), then Executive will not be entitled to any severance, payment or benefit under thisAgreement.10. Section 409A. It is intended that all of the severance benefits and other payments payable under thisAgreement satisfy, to the greatest extent possible, the exemptions from the application of Code Section 409A provided underTreasury Regulations 1.409A‑1(b)(4), 1.409A‑1(b)(5) and 1.409A‑1(b)(9), and this Agreement will be construed to the greatestextent possible as consistent with those provisions, and to the extent no so exempt, this Agreement (and any definitions hereunder)will be construed in a manner that complies with Section 409A. For purposes of Code Section 409A (including, without limitation,for purposes of Treasury Regulation Section 1.409A‑2(b)(2)(iii)), Executive’s right to receive any installment payments under thisAgreement (whether severance payments, reimbursements or otherwise) shall be treated6 . as a right to receive a series of separate payments and, accordingly, each installment payment hereunder shall at all times beconsidered a separate and distinct payment. Notwithstanding any provision to the contrary in this Agreement, if Executive is deemedby the Company at the time of Executive ’ s Separation from Service to be a “ specified employee ” for purposes of Code Section409A(a)(2)(B)(i), and if any of the payments upon Separation from Service set forth herein and/or under any other agreement withthe Company are deemed to be “ deferred compensation ” , then to the extent delayed commencement of any portion of suchpayments is required in order to avoid a prohibited distribution under Code Section 409A(a)(2)(B)(i) and the related adverse taxationunder Section 409A, such payments shall not be provided to Executive prior to the earliest of (i) the expiration of the six-month andone day period measured from the date of Executive ’ s Separation from Service with the Company, (ii) the date of Executive ’ sdeath or (iii) such earlier date as permitted under Section 409A without the imposition of adverse taxation. Upon the first businessday following the expiration of such applicable Code Section 409A(a)(2)(B)(i) period, all payments deferred pursuant to thisParagraph shall be paid in a lump sum to Executive, and any remaining payments due shall be paid as otherwise provided herein orin the applicable agreement. No interest shall be due on any amounts so deferred. If the Company determines that any severancebenefits provided under this Agreement constitutes “ deferred compensation ” under Section 409A, for purposes of determining theschedule for payment of the severance benefits , the effective date of the Release will not be deemed to have occurred any earlierthan the sixtieth (60th) date following the Separation From Service, regardless of when the Release actually becomes effective. Inaddition to the above, to the extent required to comply with Section 409A and the applicable regulations and guidance issuedthereunder, if the applicable deadline for Executive to execute (and not revoke) the applicable Release spans two calendar years,payment of the applicable s everance benefits shall not commence until the beginning of the second calendar year. To the extentrequired to avoid accelerated taxation and/or tax penalties under Code Section 409A, amounts reimbursable to Executive under thisAgreement shall be paid to Executive on or before the last day of the year following the year in which the expense was incurred andthe amount of expenses eligible for reimbursement (and in-kind benefits provided to Executive) during any one year may not effectamounts reimbursable or provided in any subsequent year. The Company makes no representation that any or all of the paymentsdescribed in this Agreement will be exempt from or comply with Code Section 409A and makes no undertaking to preclude CodeSection 409A from applying to any such payment.11. Section 280G; Limitations on Payment .11.1 If any payment or benefit Executive will or may receive from the Company orotherwise (a “ 280G Payment ”) would (i) constitute a “parachute payment” within the meaning of Section 280G of the Code, and(ii) but for this sentence, be subject to the excise tax imposed by Section 4999 of the Code (the “ Excise Tax ”), then any such 280GPayment provided pursuant to this Agreement (a “ Payment ”) shall be equal to the Reduced Amount. The “ Reduced Amount ”shall be either (x) the largest portion of the Payment that would result in no portion of the Payment (after reduction) being subject tothe Excise Tax or (y) the largest portion, up to and including the total, of the Payment, whichever amount (i.e., the amountdetermined by clause (x) or by clause (y)), after taking into account all applicable federal, state and local employment taxes, incometaxes, and the Excise Tax (all computed at the highest applicable marginal rate), results in Executive’s receipt, on an after-tax basis,of the greater economic benefit notwithstanding that all or some portion of the Payment may be subject to the Excise Tax. If areduction in a Payment is7 . required pursuant to the preceding sentence and the Reduced Amount is determined pursuant to clause (x) of the preceding sentence,the reduction shall occur in the manner (the “ Reduction Method ” ) that results in the greatest economic benefit for Executive . Ifmore than one method of reduction will result in the same economic benefit, the items so reduced will be reduced pro rata (the “ ProRata Reduction Method ” ).11.2 Notwithstanding any provision of section 11.1 to the contrary, if the ReductionMethod or the Pro Rata Reduction Method would result in any portion of the Payment being subject to taxes pursuant to Section409A that would not otherwise be subject to taxes pursuant to Section 409A, then the Reduction Method and/or the Pro RataReduction Method, as the case may be, shall be modified so as to avoid the imposition of taxes pursuant to Section 409A asfollows: (A) as a first priority, the modification shall preserve to the greatest extent possible, the greatest economic benefit forExecutive as determined on an after-tax basis; (B) as a second priority, Payments that are contingent on future events ( e.g. , beingterminated without Cause), shall be reduced (or eliminated) before Payments that are not contingent on future events; and (C) as athird priority, Payments that are “deferred compensation” within the meaning of Section 409A shall be reduced (or eliminated)before Payments that are not deferred compensation within the meaning of Section 409A.11.3 Unless Executive and the Company agree on an alternative accounting firm or lawfirm, the accounting firm engaged by the Company for general tax compliance purposes as of the day prior to the effective date ofthe Change in Control transaction shall perform the foregoing calculations. If the accounting firm so engaged by the Company isserving as accountant or auditor for the individual, entity or group effecting the Change in Control transaction, the Company shallappoint a nationally recognized accounting or law firm to make the determinations required by this section 11. The Company shallbear all expenses with respect to the determinations by such accounting or law firm required to be made hereunder. The Companyshall use commercially reasonable efforts to cause the accounting or law firm engaged to make the determinations hereunder toprovide its calculations, together with detailed supporting documentation, to Executive and the Company within fifteen (15) calendardays after the date on which Executive’s right to a 280G Payment becomes reasonably likely to occur (if requested at that time byExecutive or the Company) or such other time as requested by Executive or the Company.11.4 If Executive receives a Payment for which the Reduced Amount was determinedpursuant to clause (x) of Section 11.1 and the Internal Revenue Service determines thereafter that some portion of the Payment issubject to the Excise Tax, Executive agrees to promptly return to the Company a sufficient amount of the Payment (after reductionpursuant to clause (x) of Section 11.1) so that no portion of the remaining Payment is subject to the Excise Tax. For the avoidance ofdoubt, if the Reduced Amount was determined pursuant to clause (y) of Section 9.1, Executive shall have no obligation to return anyportion of the Payment pursuant to the preceding sentence.12. Definitions .12.1 Cause. For the purposes of this Agreement, “ Cause ” means the occurrence of anyone or more of the following: (i) Executive’s conviction of or plea of guilty or nolo8 . contendere to any felony or a crime of moral turpitude; (ii) Executive ’ s willful and continued failure or refusal to follow lawful andreasonable instructions of the Chief E xecutive Officer of the Company or lawful and reasonable policies and regulations of theCompany or its affiliates; (iii) Executive ’ s willful and continued failure to faithfully and diligently perform the assigned duties ofExecutive ’ s employment with the Company or its affiliates; (iv) unprofessional, unethical, immoral or fraudulent conduct byExecutive; (v) conduct by Executive that materially discredits the Company or any affiliate or is materially detrimental to thereputation, character and standing of the Company or any affiliate; or (vi) Executive ’ s material breach of this Agreement, theProprietary Agreement , or any applicable Company policies . An event described in Section 12.1(ii) through Section 12.1(vi)herein shall not be treated as “ Cause ” until after Executive has been given written notice of such event, failure , conduct or breachand Executive fails to cure such event, failure, conduct or breach within 30 days from such written notice ; provided, however, thatsuch 30-day cure period shall not be required if the event, failure, conduct or breach is incapable of being cured.12.2 Change in Control. For the purposes of this Agreement, “ Change in Control ”shall have the meaning described in the Company’s 2014 Equity Incentive Plan.12.3 Change in Control Period. For the purposes of this Agreement, “ Change in Control Period ” means thetime period commencing three (3) months before the effective date of a Change in Control and ending on the date that is twelve (12)months after the effective date of a Change in Control.12.4 Good Reason. For purposes of this Agreement, Executive shall have “ Good Reason ” for resignation fromemployment with the Company if any of the following actions are taken by the Company without Executive’s prior written consent:(i) a material reduction in Executive’s Base Salary, unless pursuant to a salary reduction program applicable generally to theCompany’s senior executives; (ii) a material reduction in Executive’s duties (including responsibilities and/or authorities), provided,however , that a change in job position (including a change in title) shall not be deemed a “material reduction” in and of itself unlessExecutive’s new duties are materially reduced from the prior duties; or (iii) relocation of Executive’s principal place of employmentto a place that increases Executive’s one-way commute by more than fifty (50) miles as compared to Executive’s then-currentprincipal place of employment immediately prior to such relocation. In order for Executive to resign for Good Reason, each of thefollowing requirements must be met: (iv) Executive must provide written notice to the Company’s Chief Executive Officer within 30days after the first occurrence of the event giving rise to Good Reason setting forth the basis for Executive’s resignation, (v)Executive must allow the Company at least 30 days from receipt of such written notice to cure such event, (vi) such event is notreasonably cured by the Company within such 30 day period (the “ Cure Period ”), and (vii) Executive must resign from allpositions Executive then holds with the Company not later than 30 days after the expiration of the Cure Period. 13. Dispute Resolution. To ensure the rapid and economical resolution of disputes that may arise inconnection with Executive’s employment with the Company, Executive and the Company agree that any and all disputes, claims, orcauses of action, in law or equity, including but not limited to statutory claims, arising from or relating to the enforcement, breach,performance, or interpretation of this Agreement, Executive’s employment with the Company, or9 . the termination of Executive ’ s employment from the Company, will be resolved pursuant to the Federal Arbitration Act, 9 U.S.C.§1-16, and to the fullest extent permitted by law, by final, binding and confidential arbitration conducted in San Francisco ,California by JAMS, Inc. ( “ JAMS ” ) or its successors, under JAMS ’ then applicable rules and procedures for employmentdisputes (which can be found at http://www.jamsadr.com/rules-clauses/, and which will be provided to Executive on request);provided that the arbitrator shall: (a) have the authority to compel adequate discovery for the resolution of the dispute and to awardsuch relief as would otherwise be permitted by law; and (b) issue a written arbitration decision including the arbitrator ’ s essentialfindings and conclusions and a statement of the award. Executive and the Company shall be entitled to all rights and remedies thateither would be entitled to pursue in a court of law. Both Executive and the Company acknowledge that by agreeing to thisarbitration procedure, they waive the right to resolve any such dispute through a trial by jury or judge or administrativeproceeding . The Company shall pay all filing fees in excess of those which would be required if the dispute were decided in acourt of law, and shall pay the arbitrator ’ s fee. Nothing in this Agreement is intended to prevent either the Company or Executivefrom obtaining injunctive relief in court to prevent irreparable harm pending the conclusion of any such arbitration.14. General Provisions .14.1 Notices. Any notices provided must be in writing and will be deemed effectiveupon the earlier of personal delivery (including personal delivery by fax) or the next day after sending by overnight carrier, to theCompany at its primary office location and to Executive at the address as listed on the Company payroll.14.2 Severability. Whenever possible, each provision of this Agreement will beinterpreted in such manner as to be effective and valid under applicable law, but if any provision of this Agreement is held to beinvalid, illegal or unenforceable in any respect under any applicable law or rule in any jurisdiction, such invalidity, illegality orunenforceability will not affect any other provision or any other jurisdiction, but this Agreement will be reformed, construed andenforced in such jurisdiction to the extent possible in keeping with the intent of the Parties.14.3 Waiver. Any waiver of any breach of any provisions of this Agreement must be inwriting to be effective, and it shall not thereby be deemed to have waived any preceding or succeeding breach of the same or anyother provision of this Agreement.14.4 Complete Agreement. This Agreement, together with the Proprietary Agreement,constitutes the entire agreement between Executive and the Company with regard to the subject matter hereof and is the complete,final, and exclusive embodiment of the Company’s and Executive’s agreement with regard to this subject matter. This Agreement isentered into without reliance on any promise or representation, written or oral, other than those expressly contained herein, and itsupersedes any other such promises, warranties or representations (including but not limited to the Prior Agreement). It cannot bemodified or amended except in a writing signed by a duly authorized officer of the Company, with the exception of those changesexpressly reserved to the Company’s discretion in this Agreement.10 . 14.5 Counterparts. This Agreement may be executed in separate counterparts, any oneof which need not contain signatures of more than one party, but both of which taken together will constitute one and the sameAgreement.14.6 Headings. The headings of the paragraphs hereof are inserted for convenience onlyand shall not be deemed to constitute a part hereof nor to affect the meaning thereof.14.7 Successors and Assigns. This Agreement is intended to bind and inure to thebenefit of and be enforceable by Executive and the Company, and their respective successors, assigns, heirs, executors andadministrators, except that Executive may not assign any of Executive’s duties hereunder and Executive may not assign any ofExecutive’s rights hereunder without the written consent of the Company, which shall not be withheld unreasonably.14.8 Tax Withholding. All payments and awards contemplated or made pursuant to thisAgreement will be subject to withholdings of applicable taxes in compliance with all relevant laws and regulations of all appropriategovernment authorities. Executive acknowledges and agrees that the Company has neither made any assurances nor any guaranteesconcerning the tax treatment of any payments or awards contemplated by or made pursuant to this Agreement. Executive has had theopportunity to retain a tax and financial advisor and fully understands the tax and economic consequences of all payments andawards made pursuant to this Agreement.14.9 Choice of Law. All questions concerning the construction, validity andinterpretation of this Agreement will be governed by the laws of the State of California.11 . IN WITNESS WHEREOF , the Parties have executed this Agreement on the day and year first written above.ATARA BIOTHERAPEUTICS, INC.By: /s/ Isaac Ciechanover ________________________________Isaac Ciechanover, M.D.Chief Executive Officer EXECUTIVE/s/ Gad SofferGad Soffer 12 . Exhibit 21.1LIST OF SUBSIDIARIESThe following is a list of subsidiaries of the Company as of December 31, 2016: Subsidiary Legal Name State or other Jurisdiction of IncorporationNina Biotherapeutics, Inc. DelawarePinta Biotherapeutics, Inc. DelawareSanta Maria Biotherapeutics, Inc. DelawareAtara Biotherapeutics Cayman Limited Cayman IslandsAtara Biotherapeutics Ireland Limited Ireland Exhibit 23.1CONSENT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRMWe consent to the incorporation by reference in Registration Statement No. 333-207876 on Form S-3 and Registration Statements No. 333-204076 and No. 333-199508 on Form S-8, of our report dated March 9, 2017, relating to the consolidated and combined financial statements of Atara Biotherapeutics, Inc. and itssubsidiaries (collectively, the “Company”) appearing in the Annual Report on Form 10-K of Atara Biotherapeutics, Inc. for the year ended December 31, 2016./s/ DELOITTE & TOUCHE LLPSan Jose, CaliforniaMarch 9, 2017 Exhibit 31.1CERTIFICATION OF THE CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICERPURSUANT TOSECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT RULES 13A-14(A) AND 15D-14(A)I, Isaac Ciechanover, certify that:1.I have reviewed this Annual Report on Form 10-K of Atara Biotherapeutics, Inc.;2.Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statementsmade, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;3.Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financialcondition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;4.The registrant’s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in ExchangeAct Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for theregistrant and have: (a)Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensurethat material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities,particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared; (b)Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision,to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes inaccordance with generally accepted accounting principles; (c)Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectivenessof the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and (d)Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscalquarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect,the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and5.The registrant’s other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to theregistrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions): (a)All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likelyto adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and (b)Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control overfinancial reporting. Date: March 9, 2017 /s/ Isaac CiechanoverIsaac CiechanoverPresident and Chief Executive Officer(Principal Executive Officer) Exhibit 31.2CERTIFICATION OF THE CHIEF FINANCIAL OFFICERPURSUANT TOSECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT RULES 13A-14(A) AND 15D-14(A)I, John McGrath, certify that:1.I have reviewed this Annual Report on Form 10-K of Atara Biotherapeutics, Inc.;2.Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statementsmade, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;3.Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financialcondition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;4.The registrant’s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in ExchangeAct Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for theregistrant and have: (a)Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensurethat material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities,particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared; (b)Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision,to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes inaccordance with generally accepted accounting principles; (c)Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectivenessof the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and (d)Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscalquarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect,the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and5.The registrant’s other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to theregistrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions): (a)All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likelyto adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and (b)Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control overfinancial reporting. Date: March 9, 2017 /s/ John McGrathJohn McGrathExecutive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer(Principal Financial and Accounting Officer) Exhibit 32.1CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350,AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TOSECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002 Pursuant to the requirement set forth in Rule 13a-14(b) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), and in connection with theAnnual Report of Atara Biotherapeutics, Inc. (the “Company”) on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2016, as filed with the Securities and ExchangeCommission (the “Report”), Isaac Ciechanover, Chief Executive Officer of the Company, and John McGrath, Chief Financial Officer of the Company,respectively, do each hereby certify, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that:(1)The Report fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Exchange Act; and(2)The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company. Date: March 9, 2017 /s/ Isaac Ciechanover Isaac CiechanoverPresident and Chief Executive Officer(Principal Executive Officer) /s/ John McGrath John McGrathExecutive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer(Principal Financial and Accounting Officer) This certification accompanies the Annual Report on Form 10-K to which it relates, is not deemed filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission and is not tobe incorporated by reference into any filing of the Company under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the Exchange Act (whether made before or after thedate of the Form 10-K), irrespective of any general incorporation language contained in such filing.
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