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Baron Oil PLC
Annual Report 2017

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FY2017 Annual Report · Baron Oil PLC
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Baron Oil Plc

Annual Report and 
Financial Statements
for the year ended 31 December 2017

Contents
for the year ended 30 April 2010

Section

1 Corporate Information

2 Corporate Statement

3 Chairman’s Statement and Operations Report

4

5

Strategic Report

Report of the Directors

6 Corporate Governance Statement

7

8

Statement of Directors’ Responsibilities
in respect of the Strategic Report, the Report of the Directors 
and the Financial Statements

Report of the Independent Auditors 
to the Members of Baron Oil Plc

9 Consolidated Income Statement 
for the year ended 31 December 2017

10 Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income

for the year ended 31 December 2017

11 Consolidated Statement of Financial Position

as at 31 December 2017

12 Company Statement of Financial Position

as at 31 December 2017

13 Consolidated and Company Statement of Changes in Equity

for the year ended 31 December 2017

14 Consolidated and Company Statement of Cash Flows

for the year ended 31 December 2017

15 Notes to the Financial Statements

16 Notice of Annual General Meeting

Page

2

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59

Baron Oil Plc
Financial Report 31 December 2017

1

1 Corporate Information
for the year ended 30 April 2010

Directors

Registered Office

Malcolm Butler Chairman and Chief Executive Officer
Geoffrey Barnes Finance Director
Andrew Yeo Non-executive Director

Finsgate
5-7 Cranwood Street
London EC1V 9EE

Company Secretary

Geoffrey Barnes

Auditors 

Solicitors

Nominated Advisor
and Broker

Registrars

Jeffreys Henry LLP
Finsgate
5-7 Cranwood Street
London EC1V 9EE

Kerman & Co LLP
200 Strand
London WC2R 1DJ

SP Angel Corporate Finance LLP
Prince Frederick House
35-39 Maddox Street
London W1S 2PP

Computershare Investor Services (Ireland) Limited
Heron House
Corrig Road
Sandyford Industrial Estate
Dublin 18
Ireland

Communications

Website www.baronoilplc.com

Company number

05098776 (England and Wales)

Baron Oil Plc
Financial Report 31 December 2017

2

2 Corporate Statement
for the year ended 30 April 2010

Baron Oil Plc (“Baron” or “The Company”) is an independent oil and gas exploration
company headquartered in London. The Company currently owns exploration acreage
in the UK and Peru. Shares in the company are listed in the UK on the AIM market of
the London Stock Exchange – (BOIL.L).

The Company’s objective is to deliver shareholder value through generating substantial
increases in net asset value by discovering commercial quantities of hydrocarbons while
mitigating both risks and costs whenever possible by taking minority interests in ventures
in established hydrocarbon-bearing areas. The Company is committed to safeguarding
the environment and minimising risk to our employees, contractors and the communities
in  which  we  work.  Through  developing  sustainable  long-term  relationships  with  its
partners and the community, Baron aims to conduct business and enhance value in a
responsible manner.

Baron Oil Plc
Financial Report 31 December 2017

3

3 Chairman’s Statement and Operations Report
for the year ended 31 December 2017

Finance and financial results
The net result for the year was a loss before taxation of £2,058,000, which compares to a loss of £175,000
for  the  preceding  financial  year,  and  the  loss  after  taxation  attributable  to  Baron  Oil  shareholders  was
£1,539,000, compared to a loss of £32,000 in the preceding year.

Turnover for the year was £nil (2016: £nil), there being no sales activity since the cessation of production in July
2015 from the Nancy-Burdine-Maxine fields (“NBM”) in Colombia and the expiry of the licence in October 2015. 

During 2017, the local staff of Inversiones Petroleras de Colombia SAS (“Invepetrol”) finalised all the steps
necessary to administer the relinquishment of the licence, the clearance of equipment from the well site and
to obtain all necessary environmental approvals. The remaining staff left the company before the end of the
year.  The  Group  has  held  a  50%  interest  in  Invepetrol  since  2014  but  consolidated  the  results  as  it  held
effective management control. However, during 2017 our 50% partner, CI International Fuels, took control of
the Board and, as a result, Invepetrol has been deconsolidated. Furthermore, steps have been taken to place
Invepetrol into liquidation. The effect of deconsolidation is to release net liabilities previously included in the
Statement of Financial Position and to give rise to a credit to the Income Statement of £831,000. While the
directors  believe  that  the  Company  will  not  have  any  further  liabilities  from  Colombia,  we  retain  sufficient
provision in the Statement of Financial Position against any unforeseen eventualities.

Exploration and evaluation expenditure written off included in the Income Statement amounts to £109,000.
This arises from £90,000 in costs regarding the South East Asia Joint Study Agreement with SundaGas, mainly
relating to the period up to 31 March 2017, and residual costs of £19,000 on block Z-34 in Peru (see below).

In Peru, the decision to relinquish block Z34 leads to a write off in the Income Statement of £1,837,000.This
reflects  primarily  the  write  off  of  the  US$2  million  receivable  from  Union  Oil  &  Gas  Group  following  their
failure  to  meet  their  obligation  under  the  farm-out  agreement,  plus  some  additional  expenditure  incurred
locally in Peru. This should be considered in the context of US$3.6 million being released from cash cover to
support the Z-34 guarantee to Perupetro, this amount being added to the free cash resources of the Group
as shown in the cash flow statement.

A  further  effect  of  the  write  off  of  the  Union  Oil  and  Gas  Group  receivable  is  a  write  back  of  the  related
provision for Peruvian tax amounting to £519,000, this amount being credited to the Income Statement.

Also in Peru, the Group incurred expenditure totaling £84,000 on our 100%-owned onshore block XXI, arising
from both direct costs and local staff and support costs. In accordance with our accounting policy, the Group
has been charging unsuccessful exploration costs direct to the Income Statement; however, the results of the
2015/16 2D seismic on block XXI were encouraging and may lead to the drilling of an exploration well during
2018. Accordingly, the Board are of the view that this phase of exploration is ongoing and that the expenditure
should remain on the Balance Sheet as capitalised exploration and evaluation expenditure until the results of
any such well are known, the carrying amount being £1,260,000. 

Administration expenditure for the year was £510,000, down from £700,000 in the preceding year, excluding
the effects of exchange rate movements. This cost saving arises from the cessation in activities in Colombia at
£122,000, reduced cost in Peru of £49,000, with the remainder due to cost reductions in the UK. 

During the year, we saw a relative weakening in the US Dollar and, with the majority of the group’s assets being
denominated in that currency, this has given rise to a loss of £508,000. This compares with a gain of £1,131,000
in the preceding year, when there was a major impact on the Pound Sterling following the Brexit referendum result. 

At the end of the financial year, free cash reserves of the Group had increased to £3,873,000 from a level at
the preceding year end of £2,158,000. This increase in cash reserves arises from the release of cash cover
funds held against the guarantee in respect of Peru block Z-34 at £2,674,000 (US$3,600,000), offset by an
operational cash outflow of £959,000. 

The Group continues to pursue a conservative view of its asset impairment policy, giving it a Balance Sheet
that consists largely of net current assets and a realistic value for its remaining exploration assets. Given the
limited  cash  resources,  the  Board  will  take  a  prudent  approach  in  entering  into  new  capital  expenditures
beyond those already committed to existing ventures. 

Baron Oil Plc
Financial Report 31 December 2017

4

3 Chairman’s Statement and Operations Report
for the year ended 31 December 2017

New exploration activity
Following the recovery of $3.6 million from the relinquishment of Peru block Z-34, of which details are given
below,  Baron  has  followed  a  new  strategy  concentrating  on  near-term  drilling  opportunities  in  the  United
Kingdom, as follows:

United Kingdom Offshore Licence P2235 (“Wick” Prospect) (Baron 15%)
Baron announced on 19 February 2018 that it had signed an option to farm in to UK Offshore Licence P2235
(Block  11/24b)  containing  the  Wick  Prospect.  This  option  was  exercised  on  13  March  2018,  when  Baron
signed a definitive Farmout Agreement with Corallian Energy Limited, (“Corallian”) under which the Company
will pay 20% of the costs of the Wick well, up to a maximum gross cost of £4.2 million, and 15% of other
costs on the licence to earn a 15% working interest in P2235. The Wick Prospect lies close to the shore of NE
Scotland,  5  kilometres  north  and  updip  from  the  Lybster  Field,  which  has  been  developed  from  onshore
facilities.  The  prospect  has  been  defined  by  3D  seismic  mapping  by  Baron  and  others  and  a  recent
announcement  by  Upland  Resources  Limited  stated  it  has  estimated  in-place  P50  Prospective  Resources  of
around 250 million barrels of oil (unrisked) in sands of Jurassic and Triassic age in the licence area, a large
part of which will be tested by the Wick well. The Wick well will be drilled to a total depth of 1,250 metres
subsea in a water depth of 38 metres. Baron announced on 15 May 2018 that Corallian had entered into a
letter of intent with Ensco UK Limited to provide a jack-up drilling rig to drill this prospect in the third or fourth
quarter of 2018, subject to necessary approvals and consents. The total well cost has increased, due largely
to  more  rigorous  site  survey  requirements  and  substantially  higher  fuel  costs,  and  is  currently  estimated  at 
£5.2 million. Including a 15% share of back costs unrelated to the well, the total payable by the Company is
currently estimated at some £1,020,000 to earn a 15% interest in the licence.1

United Kingdom Offshore Licence P1918 (“Colter” Prospect) and Onshore PEDLs 330 & 345 (Baron 5%)
Baron  entered  into  a  Farmout  Agreement  with  Corallian  on  5  March  2018  under  which  it  will  earn  a  5%
working interest in UK Offshore Licence P1918, which contains the Colter Prospect, on which a well is planned
to be drilled this year. By participating in this well, Baron will also earn a 5% interest in nearby onshore licences
PEDL 330 and PEDL 345.

The  Colter  Prospect  lies  in  Poole  Bay,  immediately  southeast  of  the  Wytch  Farm  oilfield  which  has  been
developed  from  onshore  facilities.  Recent  re-mapping  of  pre-stack  depth  migrated  3D  seismic  data  by
Corallian  indicates  that  the  98/11-3  well,  which  encountered  oil  in  the  Triassic  Sherwood  sandstone
reservoir, lies on the flank of a structure that has the potential to hold unrisked Mean Prospective Resources
of 23 million barrels of recoverable oil equivalent. The Colter Prospect will be appraised by a well drilled to
a total depth of 1,850 metres subsea in a water depth of 16 metres. Baron announced on 15 May 2018
that Corallian had entered into a letter of intent with Ensco UK Limited to provide a jack-up drilling rig to
drill this prospect in the third or fourth quarter of 2018, subject to necessary approvals and consents. The
total well cost has increased, due largely to more rigorous site survey requirements and substantially higher
fuel  costs,  and  is  currently  estimated  at  £7.2  million.  Under  the  terms  of  the  agreement  with  Corallian,
subject to governmental consents, the Company would pay 6.67% of the costs related to this well, capped
at a gross cost of £8.0 million: costs above this cap would be funded at 5%. Including a 5% share of back
costs unrelated to the well, the total payable by the Company is currently estimated at some £490,000 to
earn a 5% interest in the licence.1

1Under pre-existing agreements between Corallian and InfraStrata plc, Baron is obligated to pay to InfraStrata plc on a
monthly basis an amount equivalent to 1% of the pre-tax net profits generated to Baron from the sales of oil and gas from
licences P1918 and P2235, taking into account, in each case, cumulative costs and expenses of exploration, appraisal,
development and production.

Baron Oil Plc
Financial Report 31 December 2017

5

3 Chairman’s Statement and Operations Report
for the year ended 31 December 2017

Legacy exploration activity
Peru Offshore Block Z-34 (Baron Oil 50% interest relinquished in December 2017)
In November 2017, the Company elected to relinquish the contract for block Z-34, in which it held a 50%
interest  through  its  Peruvian  subsidiary,  Gold  Oil  Peru  SAC  (“GOP”).  Earlier  in  the  year,  Union  Oil  &  Gas
Group  (UOGG)  defaulted  on  its  obligation  to  pay  GOP  US$2  million  when  a  30%  interest  in  Z-34  was
formally assigned to it by the Peruvian Government under a Public Deed. Following protracted discussions, it
was agreed to terminate and unwind the 2013 Farmout Agreement with UOGG and the 30% interest under
the  Joint  Operating  Agreement  (“JOA”)  was  returned  to  GOP  on  10  September  2017.  UOGG  retained
ownership of Plectrum Petroleum Limited, which continued to hold a 50% interest in Z-34. However, neither
UOGG nor Plectrum paid cash calls due to GOP as operator under the terms of the JOA. On 1 September
2017 both UOGG and Plectrum were formally placed into default for non-payment of the August cash call
and, following termination of the Farmout Agreement, Plectrum compounded its default position by not paying
cash calls for September and November.

Taking into account the partner default, the failure of an extended effort by UOGG to farm out its interests in
Z-34 and the fact that the contract had been in Force Majeure since 2014 because of the lack of legislation
and regulations necessary to allow drilling operations in this deep-water environment, GOP proposed that the
block  be  relinquished.  An  Operating  Committee  Meeting  was  held  in  accordance  with  the  JOA  at  the
beginning of November 2017, at which Plectrum could not exercise its vote because of its default, and the
unanimous decision was made to relinquish block Z-34. 

Notice  of  relinquishment  was  given  to  Perupetro  on  9  November  2017  and  the  relinquishment  became
effective on 9 December. At this point, GOP notified Perupetro that the terms of the Z-34 contract allowed it
to claim the release of the $3.6 million bond held as guarantee for the work programme if the contract had
been in Force Majeure for a period exceeding one year. This was accepted by Perupetro on 14 December
2017 and the funds were released on 19 December. Following delays over the Christmas period, the funds
were finally cleared in the Company’s UK bank account on 5 January 2018.

Peru Onshore Block XXI (Baron Oil 100%)
The Company owns a 100% interest in the contract for block XXI through GOP. The block lies onshore in the
Sechura Desert, close to the town of Piura, and covers a current area of 2,425 square kilometres. 

The El Barco prospect has been identified in the area to the northeast of the 1954 Minchales-1X well and a
drilling prognosis has been prepared for a well to 1,850 metres. Mapping of the El Barco prospect by GOP
indicates that unrisked Prospective Resources are in the range of 6.4 billion cubic feet of recoverable gas in
a low-risk shallow sand and 7.1 million barrels of recoverable oil in a much higher risk fractured basement
play. Initial estimates are that the actual drilling of this well will cost some US$1.4 million but additional costs
of some US$500,000 are expected to be incurred for the necessary civil engineering and environmental work
involved  in  building  a  suitable  track  from  the  Pan-American  Highway  across  the  desert  and  scrub  to  the
proposed wellsite, a distance of some 15 kms. 

Farmout negotiations with interested parties continue since, as previously stated, the directors wish to find a
partner to pay at least 50% of the costs of the El Barco well. Discussions are also underway with qualified
drilling contractors. The block XXI contract is currently in Force Majeure, because of local opposition to the
drilling at El Barco, which adds a further potential expense to the drilling operation. If the well is not drilled
within 6 months of expiry of the current Force Majeure situation, the contract will terminate and the Company
will forfeit its guarantee bond of US$160,000.

Northern Ireland Onshore Licence PL 1/10 Licence (Baron Oil 12.5%)
No significant activity took place on this licence in 2017 and in February 2018 Baron gave notice that it would
withdraw from the licence. This became effective in April 2018 and the Company has no further obligations.

Baron Oil Plc
Financial Report 31 December 2017

6

3 Chairman’s Statement and Operations Report
for the year ended 31 December 2017

Operations in Colombia
During the year, the remaining staff in Colombia completed the administration of the cessation of the NBM
licence,  which  took  effect  in  October  2015.  By  the  end  of  the  year,  all  staff  had  left  the  local  operation. 
NBM was operated by Invepetrol in which we are 50% shareholders and in which control effectively passed
to  our  partner,  CI  International  Fuels,  in  2017.  Proceedings  to  liquidate  this  company  are  expected  to
commence shortly.

Sea Asia Study Group
Baron entered into a joint study agreement in September 2016 with SundaGas Pte Ltd, based in Singapore.
The purpose was to give the Company accelerated access to a range of exploration and production activities
in prospective areas of South East Asia without the need to increase its own staff and overhead. The agreement
ran  for  a  six-month  period  to  31  March  2017,  during  which  time  the  group  considered  a  broad  range  of
possibilities and entered into preliminary negotiations on several potential projects, one of which is still active.
The  directors  had  hoped  that  this  project  would  come  to  fruition  during  2017  but  a  decision  by  the  host
government continues to be delayed and it seems unlikely that an award, if any, will be made before the fourth
quarter of 2018.

Conclusions
Although the directors were forced to spend a great deal of time during the year in difficult negotiations with
our  recalcitrant  partners  in  Peru  block  Z-34,  the  final  outcome  at  year-end  was  a  satisfactory  one.  It  had
become clear that it would be impossible to drill the block in the timeframe of the contract for administrative,
technical and financial reasons and the block was relinquished in a way that enabled the Company to recover
the  entire  guarantee  bond.  The  additional  US$3.6  million  of  free  cash  has  enabled  the  Company  to  be 
re-positioned and, after due consideration, the board has decided that near-term drilling activities in areas
where discoveries can easily and profitably be developed represent the best way forward. Each of the Wick
and Colter prospects offers an excellent opportunity to drill a relatively low-risk well this year with significant
potential and provides the possibility of early, low cost development. Success in either of these wells would
provide shareholders with a meaningful uplift in the asset value of the Company. 

The Company remains debt-free and is fully funded for its currently planned activities in 2018.

I would like to pay a personal tribute to Bill Colvin, who resigned as Chairman in February 2018. Bill took
over the reins under very difficult circumstances in January 2015 and guided the Company through the difficult
period when our partners in block Z-34 prevented us from moving forward with activities on the block, refused
to honour their obligations under the Farmout Agreement and defaulted on their payment obligations under
the JOA. It was good that he was able to savour the success of regaining the guarantee bond and participate
in the re-positioning of the Company. We wish him every success in his other ventures.

I would also like to welcome Andrew Yeo as an independent non-executive director. His experience in the City
and in the oil industry will be of great value to the board and he has been appointed to chair the audit and
remuneration committees.

Malcolm Butler
Chairman and Chief Executive

24 May 2018

Baron Oil Plc
Financial Report 31 December 2017

7

4 Strategic Report

for the period ended 31 December 2017

The directors now present their strategic report with the financial statements of Baron Oil Plc (“the Company”)
and its subsidiaries (collectively “the Group”) for the year ended 31 December 2017.

Principal activities
The principal activity of the Group is that of oil and gas exploration and production.

Business review
A  review  of  the  Group’s  business  during  the  financial  period  and  its  likely  development  is  given  in  the
Chairman’s Statement and Operations Report. 

Key performance indicators
At this stage in the Company’s development, the key performance indicators that the directors monitor on a
regular  basis  are  management  of  liquid  resources,  that  is  cash-flows  and  bank  balances  and  also  general
administrative expenses, which are tightly controlled. Specific exploration-related key performance indicators
that  will  be  relevant  in  the  future  include:  the  probability  of  geological  success  (Pg),  the  probability  of
commerciality or completion (Pc) and the probability of economic success (Pe).

The following table summarises the key changes in the two KPIs during the period.

Liquid cash reserves – GBP
Liquid cash reserves – USD
Administrative expenses

Year ended
31 December
2017
000

Year ended
31 December
2016
000

749
3,124
510

1,267
891
700

Change

–40.9%
+250.6%
–27.1%

Key risks and uncertainties
Exploration  for  hydrocarbons  is  speculative  and  involves  significant  degrees  of  risk.  The  key  risks  and  their
impact to the Group are summarised below along with the impact on the Group and the action that the board
take to minimise those risks.

Oil prices
Baron’s results are strongly influenced by oil prices which are dependent on a number of factors impacting
world supply and demand. Due to these factors, oil prices may be subject to significant fluctuations from year
to year. The Group’s normal policy is to sell its products under contract at prices determined by reference to
prevailing market prices on international petroleum exchanges.

Impact
Oil  prices  can  fluctuate  widely  and  could  have  a  material  impact  on  the  Group’s  asset  values,  revenues,
earnings and cash flows. In addition, oil price increases could cause supply or capacity constraints in areas
such as specialist staff or equipment.

Action
The  Group  keeps  under  regular  review  its  sensitivity  to  fluctuations  in  oil  prices.  The  Group  does  not  as  a
matter of course hedge oil prices, but may enter into a hedge programme for oil where the Board determines
it is in the Group’s interest to provide greater certainty over future cash flows.

Baron Oil Plc
Financial Report 31 December 2017

8

4 Strategic Report

for the period ended 31 December 2017

Performance guarantees
The  Group  has  given  performance  guarantees  in  respect  of  licenses  in  Peru.  In  the  event  that  work
commitments under the licences are not met, then these guarantees are likely to be called in.

Impact
In  the  event  that  the  Group  is  required  to  make  payments  under  any  of  the  guarantees,  this  will  lead  to  a
permanent reduction in the cash balance. Note that these guarantee sums are shown as cash not available
on the Consolidated and Company Statement of Cash Flows on page 30.

Action
The Group actively manages its work programmes under the licences to the extent that it is able to, paying
close  attention  to  milestones  and  expiry  dates,  in  order  to  minimise  the  risk  that  licence  commitments  are 
not met.

Liquidity 
The Group is exposed to liquidity risks, including the risk that financial assets cannot readily be converted to
cash without the loss of value.

Impact
Failure  to  manage  financing  risks  could  have  a  material  impact  on  the  Group’s  cash  flows,  earnings  and
financial position as well as reducing the funds available to the Group for working capital, capital expenditure,
acquisitions, dividends and other general corporate purposes.

Action
The Group manages liquidity risk by maintaining adequate levels of cash balances.

Taxation
As the tax legislation in South America is developing, tax risks are substantially greater than typically found in
countries  with  more  developed  tax  systems.  Tax  law  is  evolving  and  is  subject  to  different  and  changing
interpretations, as well as inconsistent enforcement. Tax regulation and compliance is subject to review and
investigation by the authorities who may impose severe fines, penalties and interest charges.

Impact
The uncertainty of interpretation and application, and the evolution, of tax laws create a risk of additional and
substantial payments of tax by the Group, which could have a material adverse effect on the Group’s cash
flows, earnings and financial position.

Action
The Group makes every effort to comply with tax legislation. The Group takes appropriate professional tax
advice and works closely with the tax authorities to ensure compliance.

By order of the Board

Malcolm Butler
Chairman and Chief Executive

24 May 2018

Baron Oil Plc
Financial Report 31 December 2017

9

5 Report of the Directors
for the year ended 30 April 2010

The directors submit their report together with the audited financial statements of Baron Oil Plc (“the Company”)
and its subsidiaries (collectively “the Group”), for the year ended 31 December 2017.

Directors
The following are biographical details of the directors of Baron Oil Plc.

Dr Malcolm Butler Chairman and Chief Executive Officer
Malcolm Butler, aged 69, has extensive operational and financial experience, having worked for over 40 years
as  an  explorationist  and  senior  executive  in  the  international  oil  and  gas  industry  and  having  taken  on  a
secondary  role  as  an  investment  banker.  He  was  responsible,  as  CEO,  for  the  IPOs  of  Industrial  Scotland
Energy  PLC  and  Brabant  Resources  PLC  and  later  became  CEO  of  Houston-based  Energy  Development
Corporation until its circa $800 million sale to Noble Energy. In 1998, Malcolm joined HSBC Investment Bank
as Advisory Director responsible for oil & gas mandates in the UK, Libya, Russia, Indonesia and China, and
following  that  acted  as  senior  adviser  on  energy-related  matters  to  Seymour  Pierce  Limited  from  2003  to
2013. Malcolm holds a BSc in Geology from Aberystwyth and a PhD in Geology from Bristol. He has been
awarded the Aberconway Medal of The Geological Society of London, in recognition of his contributions to
the oil and gas industry and in 1995 he was appointed an Honorary Professor at the University of Aberystwyth.

Geoffrey Barnes Finance Director
Geoffrey Barnes, aged 65, is a Director of Langley Associates Limited, an accountancy practice he founded
in  1994.  Geoff  qualified  as  a  Chartered  Accountant  in  1976  having  trained  with  one  of  the  major
international accounting practices before moving into industry where he held several senior finance positions
including Director of Finance at PJB Publications Limited, the publisher of business information for the global
pharmaceutical, medical device and agrochemical industries.

Andrew Yeo Non-executive Director (appointed 28 April 2018)
Andrew Yeo, aged 55, has significant expertise in the oil and gas sector, having had a variety of roles including
private equity and operational and financial experience in exploration and production activities as CFO of Wessex
Exploration  PLC.  In  addition,  he  brings  20  years’  experience  in  multi-discipline  corporate  advisory  services,
having  worked  for  UBS  and  ABN  AMRO  Hoare  Govett  before  becoming  a  founder  member  of  Evolution
Securities, where he was a board member and executive director. Andrew is currently an executive director of Path
Investments  plc  (TIDM:  PATH),  an  oil  and  gas  company  focused  on  the  acquisition  of  production,  or  near
production, oil and gas assets.

William Colvin resigned from the Board on 28 February 2018.

Proposed dividend
The directors do not recommend the payment of a dividend in respect of the financial year ended 31 December
2017.

Political and charitable contributions
In the year ended 31 December 2017 the Group made no political or charitable contributions.

Policy and practice on payment of creditors
The  Group  and  Company  policy,  in  relation  to  all  of  its  suppliers,  is  to  settle  the  terms  of  payment  when
agreeing  the  terms  of  the  transactions  and  to  abide  by  those  terms.  The  Group  and  the  Company  do  not
follow any code or statement on payment policy. The creditors’ days as at 31 December 2017 were 20 days
(2016: 52 days).

Baron Oil Plc
Financial Report 31 December 2017

10

5 Report of the Directors
for the year ended 30 April 2010

Activities and results
A loss of £1,539,000 (2016: £288,000), of which £1,539,000 (2016: £32,000) was attributable to equity
shareholders,  was  recorded  for  the  year.  Net  assets  of  the  Group  at  31  December  2017  amounted  to
£4,263,000  (2016:  £6,073,000),  of  which  £4,263,000  (2016:  £5,726,000)  was  attributable  to  equity
shareholders. No dividends or transfers to reserves are proposed.

Details of the Group’s affairs and the development of its various activities during the period, important events
since  the  period  end,  and  details  of  the  Company’s  plans  for  the  next  year  are  given  in  the  Chairman’s
Statement and Operations Report.

Issue of shares
No shares were issued during the year.

The environment
The Company is firmly committed to protecting the environment wherever it does business. We will do our
upmost to minimise the impact of the business on the environment. Both the Company and its employees will
try to be recognised by regulatory agencies, environmental groups and governments where we do business
for our efforts to safeguard the environment. 

Community
We believe it is our responsibility as a good corporate citizen to improve the quality of life in the communities
in  which  we  do  business.  Where  we  can  we  will  seek  to  contribute  towards  local  cultural  and  educational
organisations.

Future outlook
Details of the Group’s affairs and the development of its various activities during the period, important events
since  the  period  end,  and  details  of  the  Company’s  plans  for  the  next  year  are  given  in  the  Chairman’s
Statement and the Operations Report.

Directors’ interests
The interests of the directors who were in office at the year end, and their families, in the issued share capital
of the Company are as follows:

W Colvin 
M Butler 
G Barnes

31 December 2017

31 December 2016

Number of
Ordinary
shares

1,000,000
1,000,000
1,379,310

3,379,310

%
Holding

0.1%
0.1%
0.1%

0.3%

Number of
Ordinary
shares

1,000,000
1,000,000
1,379,310

3,379,310

%
Holding

0.1%
0.1%
0.1%

0.3%

Baron Oil Plc
Financial Report 31 December 2017

11

5 Report of the Directors
for the year ended 30 April 2010

Options held by the directors are as follows:

W Colvin

W Colvin
M Butler
G Barnes

31 December
2017
Number of
options
£0.0145*

31 December
2016
Number of
options
£0.0145*

35,172,414

35,172,414

Number of
options
£0.0035**

Number of
options
£0.0035**

10,500,000
20,000,000
10,500,000

41,000,000

–
–
–

–

76,172,414

35,172,414

*Each £0.0145 option grants the holder the right to subscribe for one Ordinary Share at £0.0145 per share,
and are granted under one option contract exercisable at any time prior to 23 March 2018.

**Each £0.0035 option grants the holder the right to subscribe for one Ordinary Share at £0.0035 per share,
and are granted under one option contract exercisable at any time prior to 7 July 2020.

Except as shown in note 27 to the Financial Statements (Related Party Transactions), there have been no contracts
or arrangements of significance during the period in which the directors of the Company were interested.

Currently there are service contracts in place with all directors of the Company and the contracts are available
for inspection at the registered office of the Company on request.

Remuneration policy
The Remuneration Committee takes into account both Company and individual performance, market value
and  sector  conditions  in  determining  director  and  senior  employee  remuneration.  The  Company  has
maintained  a  policy  of  paying  only  minimum  salaries  compared  with  peer  companies  in  the  oil  and  gas
independent sector until the Company establishes a good position with acreage, assets, income and cash at
hand. All current salaries are without pension benefits.

Basic salaries
Basic salaries are reviewed annually or when individuals change positions or responsibility or the Company’s
position changes. Details of salaries paid during the year are shown below.

Chairman
W Colvin

Executive Directors
M Butler
G Barnes

2017
£

2016
£

50,000

115,000

122,500
70,500

243,000

115,000
67,000

297,000

The share options held by the directors are disclosed above and no pension contributions were made during
the period for the directors.

Baron Oil Plc
Financial Report 31 December 2017

12

5 Report of the Directors
for the year ended 30 April 2010

Employees
The Group seeks to keep employees informed and involved in the operations and progress of the business by
means of regular staff meetings by country open to all employees and directors.

The Group operates an equal opportunities policy. The policy provides that full and fair consideration will be
given to disabled applications for employment and that existing employees who become disabled will have
the opportunity to retrain and continue in employment wherever possible.

Events after the reporting period
On  5  March  2018,  the  Company  executed  a  Farmout  Agreement  in  respect  of  UK  Offshore  Licence  P2235 
(“the Wick Prospect”), and will pay 20% of the costs to earn a 15% interest in the licence. There is a current
commitment to pay £1,020,000.

Also on 5 March 2018, the Company executed a Farmout Agreement in respect of UK Offshore Licence P1918
(“the Colter Prospect”), and will pay 6.67% of the costs of the Colter Well to earn a 5% interest in P1918 and
UK Onshore licences PEDL330 and PEDL345. There is a current commitment to pay £490,000.

Financial review
Liquidity & Share Trading
The Board believes that high liquidity is important in attracting both small and institutional investors to Baron.
During the last financial period Baron has had a reasonably high stock liquidity on the E&P sector on AIM.

Shares in Issue and Shareholders Profile
The  number  of  shares  in  issue  at  16  May  2018  was  1,376,409,576  Ordinary  Shares,  each  share  having
equal voting rights. Baron Oil Plc has 1,152 shareholders.

The shareholding distribution at 16 May 2018 is as follows:

Range

>10%
5-10%
1-5%
0.5-1%
<0.5%

Number of
shares

206,333,117
404,594,792
447,501,651
104,739,694
213,240,322

1,376,409,576

Number of
shareholders

1
5
17
11
1,118

1,152

Significant shareholdings
The Company has been informed that, as of 9 May 2018, the following shareholders own 3% or more of the
issued share capital of the Company:

Name

Pershing Nominees Limited 
Rock Nominees Limited
Barclays Direct Investing Nominees
Interactive Investor Services
Lynchwood Nominees Limited
W B Nominees Limited
HSBC Global Custody Nominee
Interactive Investor Services

Total

Shares

206,333,117
96,491,543
80,500,423
78,152,194
75,743,522
73,707,110
66,063,218
56,235,003

733,226,130

% of company

14.99%
7.01%
5.85%
5.68%
5.50%
5.36%
4.80%
4.09%

53.27%

Baron Oil Plc
Financial Report 31 December 2017

13

5 Report of the Directors
for the year ended 30 April 2010

Listing
The Company’s ordinary shares have been traded on the AIM market of the London Stock Exchange since 
14  July  2004.  Cantor  Fitzgerald  Europe  were  the  Company’s  Nominated  Adviser  and  Joint  Broker  until 
28 April 2018. SP Angel was appointed as Joint Broker in February 2017 and was appointed as Nominated
Advisor and Broker on 28 April 2018. The closing mid-market price on 16 May 2018 was 0.52p.

Financial instruments
Details of the financial risk management objectives and policies, and details on the use of financial instruments
by the Company and its subsidiary undertakings, are provided in note 22 to the financial statements.

Going concern
Taking into account the cash reserves, the Group’s medium term investment plans in Peru and the UK show,
in the directors’ opinion, that there is a reasonable expectation that the resources available to the Company
will  allow  it  to  continue  operations.  Thus,  the  going  concern  basis  for  the  preparation  and  reporting  of
financial statements has been adopted.

Publication on Company’s website
Financial statements are published on the Company’s website (www.baronoilplc.com). The maintenance and
integrity  of  the  website  is  the  responsibility  of  the  directors.  The  directors’  responsibility  also  extends  to  the
financial  statements  contained  therein.  Legislation  in  the  United  Kingdom  governing  the  preparation  and
dissemination of financial statements may differ from legislation in other countries.

Indemnity of officers
The Group may purchase and maintain, for any director or officer, insurance against any liability and the Group
does maintain appropriate insurance cover against legal action bought against its directors and officers.

By order of the Board

Geoffrey Barnes
Director and Secretary

24 May 2018

Baron Oil Plc
Financial Report 31 December 2017

14

6 Corporate Governance Statement
for the year ended 30 April 2010

The directors recognise the importance of sound corporate governance commensurate with the Group’s size
and  the  interests  of  shareholders.  As  the  Group  grows,  policies  and  procedures  that  reflect  the  FRC’s  UK
Corporate  Governance  Code  will  be  developed.  The  Company  has  taken  into  account  a  number  of  the
provisions in the Code in so far as it considers them to be appropriate for a company of this size and nature.

The Board
The Board comprises two executive directors and one non-executive director, details of whom are contained
in the Report of the Directors included in this report.

The Board meets at least four times a year.

The  Board  is  responsible  for  the  strategy,  review  and  approval  of  acquisition  opportunities,  capital
expenditures, budgets, trading performance and all significant financial and operational issues.

The Audit Committee
The Audit Committee is comprised of two directors with Andrew Yeo as Chairman and Dr Malcolm Butler as
the  other  member.  The  Audit  Committee  meets  at  least  twice  a  year  and  the  external  auditors  have  the
opportunity to meet with members of the Audit Committee without any executive management being present.
The Audit Committee’s terms of reference include the review of the Interim and Annual Financial Statements,
review  of  internal  controls,  risk  management  and  compliance  procedures,  consideration  of  the  Company
accounting policies and all issues with the annual audit.

The Remuneration Committee
The  Remuneration  Committee  is  comprised  of  three  directors  with  Andrew  Yeo  as  Chairman;  Dr  Malcolm
Butler and Geoff Barnes are the other members. The Remuneration Committee determines the contract terms,
remuneration and other benefits of the directors and senior employees. The Remuneration Committee meets
as required, but at least twice a year.

The Nominations Committee
Due to the small size of the Group, it is not considered necessary to have a Nominations Committee at this
time in the Company’s development and the Board reserves to itself the process by which a new director is
appointed.

Communications
The Company provides information on Group activities by way of press releases, Interim and Annual Financial
Statements  and  also  the  website  (www.baronoilplc.com).  The  Company’s  website  is  updated  regularly  and
contains all operational reports, press releases and Interim and Annual Financial Statements.

Internal control
The Board has the overall responsibility for identifying, evaluating and taking the necessary action to manage
the risks faced by the Company and the Group. The process of internal control is not to eliminate risk, but to
manage the risk to reasonably minimise loss.

Baron Oil Plc
Financial Report 31 December 2017

15

7 Statement of Directors’ Responsibilities

in respect of the Strategic Report, the Report of the Directors and the Financial Statements

Directors’ responsibilities
The directors are responsible for preparing the annual report and the financial statements in accordance with
applicable law and regulations.

Company law requires the directors to prepare financial statements for each financial period in accordance
with  applicable  law  and  International  Financial  Reporting  Standards  (“IFRS”)  as  adopted  by  the  European
Union. Under Company law the directors must not approve the financial statements unless they are satisfied
that they give a true and fair view of the state of affairs of the Group and Company and of the profit or loss
of the Group for that year. The directors are also required to prepare the financial statements in accordance
with the rules of the London Stock Exchange for companies trading securities on the AIM market.

In preparing those financial statements, the directors are required:

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to select suitable accounting policies and then apply them consistently;

make judgements and estimates that are reasonable and prudent;

state  whether  financial  statements  have  been  prepared  in  accordance  with  IFRS  as  adopted  by  the
European Union subject to any material departures disclosed and explained in the financial statements;
and

prepare the financial statements on the going concern basis unless it is inappropriate to presume that
the Group company will continue in business.

The  directors  are  responsible  for  keeping  adequate  accounting  records  which  disclose  with  reasonable
accuracy at any time the financial position of the Company and the Group and to enable them to ensure that
the financial statements comply with the Companies Act 2006. They have general responsibility for taking such
steps as are reasonably open to them to safeguard the assets of the Company and the Group and to prevent
and detect fraud and other irregularities.

Statement of disclosure to auditor
So far as the directors are aware, there is no relevant audit information of which the Group’s auditors are
unaware, and they have taken all steps that they ought to have taken as directors in order to make themselves
aware of any relevant audit information and to establish that the Group auditors are aware of that information.

Auditors
A  resolution  for  the  reappointment  of  Jeffreys  Henry  LLP  as  auditors  will  be  proposed  at  the  forthcoming
Annual General Meeting.

By order of the Board

Malcolm Butler
Chairman and Chief Executive Officer

24 May 2018

Baron Oil Plc
Financial Report 31 December 2017

16

8 Report of the Independent Auditors

to the Members of Baron Oil Plc

Opinion
We  have  audited  the  financial  statements  of  Baron  Oil  PLC  (the  ‘parent  company’)  and  its  subsidiaries 
(the  ‘group’)  for  the  year  ended  31  December  2017  which  comprise  the  consolidated  income  statement,
consolidated  statement  of  comprehensive  income,  consolidated  statement  of  changes  in  equity,  company
statement of changes in equity, consolidated statement of financial position, company statement of financial
position, consolidated statement of cash flows, company statement of cash flows and notes to the financial
statements, including a summary of significant accounting policies. The financial reporting framework that has
been applied in the preparation of the group financial statements is applicable law and International Financial
Reporting Standards (IFRSs) as adopted by the European Union. The financial reporting framework that has
been  applied  in  the  preparation  of  the  parent  company  financial  statements  is  applicable  law  and  United
Kingdom Accounting Standards. 

In our opinion:

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the financial statements give a true and fair view of the state of the group’s and of the parent company’s
affairs as at 31 December 2017 and of the group’s loss for the year then ended; 

the group financial statements have been properly prepared in accordance with IFRSs as adopted by the
European Union; 

the  parent  company  financial  statements  have  been  properly  prepared  in  accordance  with  IFRS’s  as
adopted  by  the  European  Union  as  applied  in  accordance  with  the  provisions  of  the  Companies  Act
2006; and 

the financial statements have been prepared in accordance with the requirements of the Companies Act
2006.

Basis for opinion
We  conducted  our  audit  in  accordance  with  International  Standards  on  Auditing  (UK)  (ISAs  (UK))  and
applicable law. Our responsibilities under those standards are further described in the Auditor’s responsibilities
for  the  audit  of  the  financial  statements  section  of  our  report.  We  are  independent  of  the  company  in
accordance with the ethical requirements that are relevant to our audit of the financial statements in the UK,
including  the  FRC’s  Ethical  Standard  as  applied  to  listed  entities,  and  we  have  fulfilled  our  other  ethical
responsibilities in accordance with these requirements. We believe that the audit evidence we have obtained
is sufficient and appropriate to provide a basis for our opinion.

Conclusions relating to going concern
We have nothing to report in respect of the following matters in relation to which the ISAs (UK) require us to
report to you where:

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the directors’ use of the going concern basis of accounting in the preparation of the financial statements
is not appropriate; or

the directors have not disclosed in the financial statements any identified material uncertainties that may
cast significant doubt about the group’s or the parent company’s ability to continue to adopt the going
concern  basis  of  accounting  for  a  period  of  at  least  twelve  months  from  the  date  when  the  financial
statements are authorised for issue.

Baron Oil Plc
Financial Report 31 December 2017

17

8 Report of the Independent Auditors

to the Members of Baron Oil Plc

Our audit approach
Overview
Key audit matters
Key audit matters are those matters that, in our professional judgement, were of most significance in our audit
of the financial statements of the current period and include the most significant assessed risks of material
misstatement (whether or not due to fraud) we identified, including those which had the greatest effect on: the
overall  audit  strategy,  the  allocation  of  resources  in  the  audit;  and  directing  the  efforts  of  the  engagement
team. These matters were addressed in the context of our audit of the financial statements as a whole, and in
forming  our  opinion  thereon,  and  we  do  not  provide  a  separate  opinion  on  these  matters.  This  is  not  a
complete list of all risks identified by our audit.

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Carrying value of investments and intangible assets.

Accounting for share capital, options, convertibles and warrants.

These are explained in more detail below.

Audit scope
l We conducted audits of the Group and Parent Company financial information of Baron Oil Plc.

l We  performed  specified  procedures  over  certain  account  balances  and  transaction  classes  at  other

Group companies.

l

Taken  together,  the  Group  companies  over  which  we  performed  our  audit  procedures  accounted  for
100% of the absolute profit before tax (i.e. the sum of the numerical values without regard to whether
they were profits or losses for the relevant reporting units) and 100% of revenue.

Key audit matters

Key audit matter

Carrying value of investments and intangible
assets
The Company had intangibles of £566,351 at the
year  ended  31  December  2017  (31  December
2016: £566,351).

The  Directors  have  confirmed  all  intangibles,  were
correctly recognised.

How our audit addressed the key audit matter

The analysis work undertaken by the directors shows
that the Group has the cash resources to undertake
the work programmes to which it is committed. We
have  understood  and  assessed  the  methodology
used by the directors in this analysis and determined
it to be reasonable. The release of the bond relating
to  Block  Z-34  has  generated  cash  inflow  for  future
projects.

The Group has applied the successful efforts method
of accounting for Exploration and Evaluation costs.
Under the successful efforts accounting, exploration
expenditure  which  is  general  in  nature  is  charged
directly to the income statement. 

The  Directors  have  applied  the  successive  efforts
method appropriately. 

Baron Oil Plc
Financial Report 31 December 2017

18

8 Report of the Independent Auditors

to the Members of Baron Oil Plc

Key audit matter

How our audit addressed the key audit matter

We have understood and assessed the methodology
utilised  to  estimate  the  Company’s  share-based
payment charge calculations and checked that the
calculation  of  the  provision  was  mathematically
accurate.

We  have  audited  the  share-based  payment  by
reviewing  the  key  inputs  used  in  the  model  for
reasonableness. 

Accounting for share capital, options,
convertibles and warrants
The charge for the year is made up as follows:

Options granted

£41,332

All share options that vest in the period have been
reviewed  for  the  purpose  of  calculating  an
appropriate  share-based  payment  charge.  The
Black-Scholes  model  has  been  used  to  value  the
options at the grant date.

Options  have  estimated  vesting  periods  based  on
management’s  assumptions  and  the  share-based
payment is spread evenly over this period from the
date of grant. 

Options  vested  on  the  grant  date  and  the  share
based payment was fully charged to the profit and
loss during the year. 

There  is  therefore  judgement  in  the  valuation  of
share-based  payments,  owing  to  the  estimation
uncertainty that exists around future vesting periods.

Our application of materiality
The scope of our audit was influenced by our application of materiality. We set certain quantitative thresholds
for materiality. These, together with qualitative considerations, helped us to determine the scope of our audit
and the nature, timing and extent of our audit procedures on the individual financial
statement line items and disclosures and in evaluating the effect of misstatements, both individually and in
aggregate on the financial statements as a whole.

Based on our professional judgement, we determined materiality for the financial statements as a whole as
follows:

Overall materiality

How we determined it

Rationale for benchmark applied

Group financial statements

Company financial statements

£114,000  (31  December  2016:
£145,000).

£98,500  (31  December  2016:
£95,000).

Based  on  the  average  of  10%  of
loss before tax and 1.5% of gross
assets.

Based on the average of 10% of
loss before tax and 1.5% of gross
assets.

used 

We believe that loss before tax is a
primary  measure 
by
shareholders  in  assessing  the
performance  of  the  Group  whilst
gross asset values and revenue are
a representation of the size of the
Group;  both  are  generally
accepted auditing benchmarks.

We believe that loss before tax is
a  primary  measure  used  by
shareholders  in  assessing  the
performance  of  the  Company
whilst  gross  asset  values  are  a
representation  of  the  size  of  the
Company;  both  are  generally
accepted auditing benchmarks.

Baron Oil Plc
Financial Report 31 December 2017

19

8 Report of the Independent Auditors

to the Members of Baron Oil Plc

For each component in the scope of our Group audit, we allocated a materiality that is less than our overall
Group  materiality.  The  range  of  materiality  allocated  across  components  is  ranged  from  £23,000  and
£98,500. 

We  agreed  with  the  Audit  Committee  that  we  would  report  to  them  misstatements  identified  during  our 
audit  above  £114,000  (Group  audit)  (31  December  2016:  £145,000)  and  £98,500  (Company  audit) 
(31 December 2016: £95,000) as well as misstatements below those amounts that, in our view, warranted
reporting for qualitative reasons.

An overview of the scope of our audit
As part of designing our audit, we determined materiality and assessed the risks of material misstatement in
the  financial  statements.  In  particular,  we  looked  at  where  the  directors  made  subjective  judgements,  for
example  in  respect  of  significant  accounting  estimates  that  involved  making  assumptions  and  considering
future events that are inherently uncertain. As in all of our audits we also addressed the risk of management
override  of  internal  controls,  including  evaluating  whether  there  was  evidence  of  bias  by  the  directors  that
represented a risk of material misstatement due to fraud.

How we tailored the audit scope
We tailored the scope of our audit to ensure that we performed enough work to be able to give an opinion
on the financial statements as a whole, taking into account the structure of the Group and the Company, the
accounting processes and controls, and the industry in which they operate.

The Group financial statements are a consolidation of 2 reporting units, comprising the Group’s operating
businesses and holding companies.

We performed audits of the complete financial information of the Group and Parent Company of Baron Oil
Plc  reporting  units,  which  were  individually  financially  significant  and  accounted  for  100%  of  the  Group’s
revenue  and  100%  of  the  Group’s  absolute  profit  before  tax  (i.e.  the  sum  of  the  numerical  values  without
regard  to  whether  they  were  profits  or  losses  for  the  relevant  reporting  units).  We  also  performed  specified
audit  procedures  over  goodwill  and  other  intangible  assets,  as  well  as  certain  account  balances  and
transaction classes that we regarded as material to the Group at the 2 reporting units.

The Group engagement team performed all audit procedures, with the exception of the audit of Gold Oil Peru
S.A.C which were performed by a component auditor in Peru. 

Other information
The  directors  are  responsible  for  the  other  information.  The  other  information  comprises  the  information
included  in  the  annual  report,  other  than  the  financial  statements  and  our  auditor’s  report  thereon.  Our
opinion on the financial statements does not cover the other information and, except to the extent otherwise
explicitly stated in our report, we do not express any form of assurance conclusion thereon.

In connection with our audit of the financial statements, our responsibility is to read the other information and,
in doing so, consider whether the other information is materially inconsistent with the financial statements or
our  knowledge  obtained  in  the  audit  or  otherwise  appears  to  be  materially  misstated.  If  we  identify  such
material inconsistencies or apparent material misstatements, we are required to determine whether there is a
material misstatement in the financial statements or a material misstatement of the other information. If, based
on the work we have performed, we conclude that there is a material misstatement of this other information,
we are required to report that fact. We have nothing to report in this regard.

Baron Oil Plc
Financial Report 31 December 2017

20

8 Report of the Independent Auditors

to the Members of Baron Oil Plc

Opinions on other matters prescribed by the Companies Act 2006
In our opinion, based on the work undertaken in the course of the audit:

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the information given in the strategic report and the directors’ report for the financial year for which the
financial statements are prepared is consistent with the financial statements; and

the strategic report and the directors’ report have been prepared in accordance with applicable legal
requirements.

Matters on which we are required to report by exception
In  the  light  of  the  knowledge  and  understanding  of  the  group  and  parent  company  and  its  environment
obtained in the course of the audit, we have not identified material misstatements in the strategic report or the
directors’ report.

We have nothing to report in respect of the following matters in relation to which the Companies Act 2006
requires us to report to you if, in our opinion:

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adequate accounting records have not been kept by the parent company, or returns adequate for our
audit have not been received from branches not visited by us; or

the parent company financial statements are not in agreement with the accounting records and returns;
or

certain disclosures of directors’ remuneration specified by law are not made; or

we have not received all the information and explanations we require for our audit.

Responsibilities of directors
As  explained  more  fully  in  the  directors’  responsibilities  statement  set  out  on  page  16,  the  directors  are
responsible for the preparation of the financial statements and for being satisfied that they give a true and fair
view, and for such internal control as the directors determine is necessary to enable the preparation of financial
statements that are free from material misstatement, whether due to fraud or error.

In  preparing  the  financial  statements,  the  directors  are  responsible  for  assessing  the  group’s  and  parent
company’s ability to continue as a going concern, disclosing, as applicable, matters related to going concern
and using the going concern basis of accounting unless the directors either intend to liquidate the group or
the parent company or to cease operations, or have no realistic alternative but to do so.

Baron Oil Plc
Financial Report 31 December 2017

21

8 Report of the Independent Auditors

to the Members of Baron Oil Plc

Auditor’s responsibilities for the audit of the financial statements
Our objectives are to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements as a whole are free
from material misstatement, whether due to fraud or error, and to issue an auditor’s report that includes our
opinion. Reasonable assurance is a high level of assurance, but is not a guarantee that an audit conducted
in accordance with ISAs (UK) will always detect a material misstatement when it exists. Misstatements can arise
from fraud or error and are considered material if, individually or in the aggregate, they could reasonably be
expected to influence the economic decisions of users taken on the basis of these financial statements.

As  part  of  an  audit  in  accordance  with  ISAs  (UK),  we  exercise  professional  judgement  and  maintain
professional scepticism throughout the audit. We also:

l

Identify and assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to fraud or
error, design and perform audit procedures responsive to those risks, and obtain audit evidence that is
sufficient  and  appropriate  to  provide  a  basis  for  our  opinion.  The  risk  of  not  detecting  a  material
misstatement  resulting  from  fraud  is  higher  than  for  one  resulting  from  error,  as  fraud  may  involve
collusion, forgery, intentional omissions, misrepresentations, or the override of internal control.

l Obtain an understanding of internal control relevant to the audit in order to design audit procedures that
are  appropriate  in  the  circumstances,  but  not  for  the  purpose  of  expressing  an  opinion  on  the
effectiveness of the group’s internal control.

l

l

l

Evaluate  the  appropriateness  of  accounting  policies  used  and  the  reasonableness  of  accounting
estimates and related disclosures made by the directors.

Conclude on the appropriateness of the directors’ use of the going concern basis of accounting and,
based  on  the  audit  evidence  obtained,  whether  a  material  uncertainty  exists  related  to  events  or
conditions that may cast significant doubt on the group’s or the parent company’s ability to continue as
a going concern. If we conclude that a material uncertainty exists, we are required to draw attention in
our  auditor’s  report  to  the  related  disclosures  in  the  financial  statements  or,  if  such  disclosures  are
inadequate, to modify our opinion. Our conclusions are based on the audit evidence obtained up to the
date of our auditor’s report. However, future events or conditions may cause the group or the parent
company to cease to continue as a going concern.

Evaluate  the  overall  presentation,  structure  and  content  of  the  financial  statements,  including  the
disclosures, and whether the financial statements represent the underlying transactions and events in a
manner that achieves fair presentation.

l Obtain  sufficient  appropriate  audit  evidence  regarding  the  financial  information  of  the  entities  or
business activities within the group to express an opinion on the consolidated financial statements. We
are  responsible  for  the  direction,  supervision  and  performance  of  the  group  audit.  We  remain  solely
responsible for our audit opinion.

We communicate with those charged with governance regarding, among other matters, the planned scope
and timing of the audit and significant audit findings, including any significant deficiencies in internal control
that we identify during our audit.

We also provide those charged with governance with a statement that we have complied with relevant ethical
requirements regarding independence, and to communicate with them all relationships and other matters that
may reasonably be thought to bear on our independence, and where applicable, related safeguards.

From the matters communicated with those charged with governance, we determine those matters that were
of  most  significance  in  the  audit  of  the  consolidated  financial  statements  of  the  current  period  and  are
therefore  the  key  audit  matters.  We  describe  these  matters  in  our  auditor’s  report  unless  law  or  regulation
precludes public disclosure about the matter or when, in extremely rare circumstances, we determine that a
matter  should  not  be  communicated  in  our  report  because  the  adverse  consequences  of  doing  so  would
reasonably be expected to outweigh the public interest benefits of such communication.

Baron Oil Plc
Financial Report 31 December 2017

22

8 Report of the Independent Auditors

to the Members of Baron Oil Plc

Use of this report
This report, including the opinions, has been prepared for and only for the parent company’s members as a
body in accordance with Chapter 3 of Part 16 of the Companies Act 2006 and for no other purpose. We do
not, in giving these opinions, accept or assume responsibility for any other purpose or to any other person to
whom this report is shown or into whose hands it may come save where expressly agreed by our prior consent
in writing.

Other matters which we are required to address
We were appointed as auditors by the Company at the Annual General Meeting on 30 June 2017. Our total
uninterrupted period of engagement is 12 years, covering the periods ending to 31 December 2017. 

The non-audit services prohibited by the FRC’s Ethical Standard were not provided to the group or the parent
company and we remain independent of the group and the parent company in conducting our audit. 

Our audit opinion is consistent with the additional report to the audit committee.

Sanjay Parmar
Senior Statutory Auditor
For and on behalf of Jeffreys Henry LLP (Statutory Auditors) 
Finsgate
5-7 Cranwood Street
London EC1V 9EE

24 May 2018

Baron Oil Plc
Financial Report 31 December 2017

23

9 Consolidated Income Statement

for the year ended 31 December 2017

Revenue

Cost of sales

Gross profit

Exploration and evaluation expenditure
Intangible assets written off
Intangible asset impairment
Property, plant and equipment impairment and depreciation
Goodwill impairment
Receivables and inventory impairment
Disposal of Colombian subsidiary
Disposal of Colombia branch operations
Administration expenses
(Loss)/profit on exchange
Other operating Income

Operating loss

Finance cost
Finance income

Loss on ordinary activities

before taxation

Income tax credit/(expense)

Loss on ordinary activities

after taxation

Dividends

Loss for the year

Loss on ordinary activities

after taxation is attributable to:

Equity shareholders
Non-controlling interests

Earnings per ordinary share – continuing
Basic
Diluted

Notes

2017
£’000

2016
£’000

–

–

–

(109)
(1,837)
–
–
–
43 
831 
–
(510)
(508)
21 

(2,069)

(8)
19 

(2,058)

519 

(1,539)

– 

(1,539)

(1,539)
–

(1,539)

–

–

–

(739)
–
(370)
95 
(81)
73 
–
31 
(700)
1,131 
319 

(241)

(35)
101 

(175)

(113)

(288)

– 

(288)

(32)
(256)

(288)

(0.112p)
(0.112p)

(0.002p)
(0.002p)

11
10
12
3

4

3

6
6

7

9

Baron Oil Plc
Financial Report 31 December 2017

24

10 Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income

for the year ended 31 December 2017

Loss on ordinary activities after taxation attributable to the parent

Other comprehensive income:
Exchange difference on translating foreign operations

Total comprehensive income for the year

Total comprehensive income attributable to Owners of the parent

2017
£’000

(1,539)

35 

(1,504)

(1,504)

2016
£’000

(32)

(290)

(322)

(322)

Baron Oil Plc
Financial Report 31 December 2017

25

11 Consolidated Statement of Financial Position

as at 31 December 2017

ASSETS
Non current assets
Property, plant and equipment
– oil and gas assets
 – others
Intangibles
Goodwill

Current assets
Trade and other receivables
Cash and cash equivalents

Total assets

EQUITY AND LIABILITIES
Capital and reserves attributable to owners of the parent
Share capital
Share premium account
Share option reserve
Foreign exchange translation reserve
Retained earnings

Capital and reserves attributable to non-controlling interests

Total equity

Current liabilities
Trade and other payables
Taxes payable

Total equity and liabilities

Notes

2017
£’000

2016
£’000

10 
10 
11
12 

14 
15 

17 
18 
18 
18 
18 

19 

16 
16 

–
–
1,260 
– 

1,260 

18 
3,992 

4,010 

5,270 

344 
30,237 
122 
1,723 
(28,163)

–

4,263 

195 
812 

1,007 

5,270 

3
–
1,325
–

1,328

2,070 
5,231 

7,301 

8,629 

344 
30,237 
81 
1,688 
(26,624)

347

6,073

1,054 
1,502 

2,556 

8,629 

The financial statements were approved and authorised for issue by the Board of Directors on 24 May 2018
and were signed on its behalf by:

Malcolm Butler
Director

Company number: 05098776

Geoffrey Barnes
Director

Baron Oil Plc
Financial Report 31 December 2017

26

12 Company Statement of Financial Position

as at 31 December 2017

ASSETS
Non current assets
Property, plant and equipment
– oil and gas assets
Intangibles
Investments

Current assets
Trade and other receivables
Cash and cash equivalents

Total assets

EQUITY AND LIABILITIES
Capital and reserves attributable to owners of the parent
Share capital
Share premium account
Share option reserve
Foreign exchange translation reserve
Retained earnings

Total equity

Current liabilities
Trade and other payables
Taxes payable

Total equity and liabilities

Notes

2017
£’000

2016
£’000

10 
11
13

14 
15

17 
18 
18 
18 
18 

16 
16 

–
565 
25 

590 

14 
3,863 

3,877 

4,467 

344 
30,237 
122
(163)
(27,892)

2,648 

1,812 
7 

1,819 

4,467 

–
566 
25 

591

162 
5,023 

5,185 

5,776 

344 
30,237 
81 
(163)
(26,550)

3,949 

1,816 
11 

1,827 

5,776 

The financial statements were approved and authorised for issue by the Board of Directors on 24 May 2018
and were signed on its behalf by:

Malcolm Butler
Director

Company number: 05098776

Geoffrey Barnes
Director

Baron Oil Plc
Financial Report 31 December 2017

27

13 Consolidated and Company Statement of Changes in Equity

for the year ended 31 December 2017

GROUP

Share
Capital
£’000

Share
Premium
£’000

Retained
Earnings
£’000

Foreign

Share
Option
Reserve Translation
£’000

Non-
Exchange controlling
Interests
£’000

£’000

Total
Equity
£’000

As at 1 January 2016

344 

30,237 

(26,797)

286 

1,978 

603 

6,651 

Shares issued

Transactions with owners

(Loss) for the year attributable 
to equity shareholders
Disposal of interest
Share based payments
Foreign exchange translation 
adjustments

Total comprehensive income 
for the year

– 

– 

– 
–
– 

– 

– 

– 

– 

– 
–
– 

– 

– 

– 

– 

(32)
–
205

– 

– 

– 

–
–
(205)

– 

– 

–
–
– 

– 

– 

– 

– 

(256)
–
–

(288)
–
–

– 

(290)

– 

(290)

173 

(205)

(290)

(256)

(578)

As at 1 January 2017

344 

30,237 

(26,624)

81 

1,688 

347 

6,073

Shares issued

Transactions with owners

(Loss) for the year attributable 
to equity shareholders
Disposal of interest
Foreign exchange translation 
adjustments

Total comprehensive income 
for the year

– 

– 

– 
–

– 

– 

– 

– 

– 
–

– 

– 

– 

– 

(1,539)
–

– 

(1,539)

As at 31 December 2017

344 

30,237 

(28,163)

– 

– 

41
–

– 

41

122

– 

– 

–
–

– 

– 

– 

– 

–
(347)

(1,498)
(347)

35

– 

35

35 

(347)

(1,810)

1,723 

–

4,263 

Baron Oil Plc
Financial Report 31 December 2017

28

13 Consolidated and Company Statement of Changes in Equity

for the year ended 31 December 2017

COMPANY

Share
Capital
£’000

Share
Premium
£’000

Retained
Earnings
£’000

Share
Option
Reserve
£’000

Foreign
Exchange
Translation
£’000

Total
Equity
£’000

As at 1 January 2016

344 

30,237 

(26,802)

286 

(234)

3,831 

Shares issued

Transactions with owners

Profit for the year
Share based payments
Foreign exchange translation 
adjustments

Total comprehensive income 
for the year

– 

– 

– 
– 

– 

– 

– 

– 

– 
– 

– 

– 

– 

– 

47
205 

– 

252 

As at 1 January 2017

344 

30,237 

(26,550)

Shares issued

Transactions with owners

(Loss) for the year
Foreign exchange translation 
adjustments

Total comprehensive income 
for the year

– 

– 

– 

– 

– 

– 

– 

– 

– 

– 

– 

– 

(1,342)

– 

(1,342)

As at 31 December 2017

344 

30,237 

(27,892)

– 

– 

– 
(205)

– 

– 

– 
– 

– 

71 

– 

– 

47
–

71 

(205)

81 

– 

– 

41

– 

41

122

71 

(163)

118 

3,949 

– 

– 

–

–

–

(163)

– 

– 

(1,301)

–

(1,301)

2,648 

Baron Oil Plc
Financial Report 31 December 2017

29

14 Consolidated and Company Statement of Cash Flows

for the year ended 31 December 2017

Operating activities

Investing activities
Return from investment and servicing of finance
Sale of Intangible assets
Cash previously not available now released
Disposal of tangible assets
Loan to subsidiary (advanced)/repaid
Acquisition of intangible assets
Acquisition of tangible fixed assets

Financing activities
Proceeds from issue of share capital

Net cash inflow

Cash and cash equivalents at the 
beginning of the year

Cash and cash equivalents at the 
end of the year

Reconciliation to Consolidated Statement 
of Financial Position
Cash not available for use

Cash and cash equivalents as shown in the 
Consolidated Statement of Financial Position

Group
2017
£’000

(680)

19 
– 
2,674 
–
– 
(298)
– 

2,395 

Company
2017
£’000

Group
2016
£’000

Company
2016
£’000

(508)

(2,326)

284

19 
– 
2,674 
–
(283)
(119)
– 

2,291 

101 
1,784 
–
82 
– 
(492)
(1)

1,474 

– 

(852)

90 
– 
–
82 
(246)
(74)
– 

(148)

– 

136 

– 

– 

1,715 

1,783 

2,158 

2,080 

3,010 

1,944 

3,873 

3,863 

2,158 

2,080 

119 

–

3,073 

2,943 

3,992 

3,863 

5,231 

5,023 

Baron Oil Plc
Financial Report 31 December 2017

30

14 Consolidated and Company Statement of Cash Flows

for the year ended 31 December 2017

Group
2017
£’000

Company
2017
£’000

Group
2016
£’000

Company
2016
£’000

(1,539)

(1,342)

(32)

331
–
–

(257)
–
(101)
113 
(1,319)

(1,265)

(440)
71 
(692)

(2,326)

47 

61 
–
–

–
246 
(90)
–
(430)

(166)

1,178 
(2)
(726)

284 

–
120 
41 

–
74 
(19)
–
478 

(648)

148 
(4)
(4)

(508)

Operating activities
Loss for the year attributable to 
controlling interests
Depreciation, amortisation and 
impairment charges
Loss on disposal of assets
Share based payments
Non-cash movement arising on consolidation 
of non-controlling interests
Impairment of investment
Finance income shown as an investing activity 
Tax (benefit)/expense
Foreign exchange translation

Operating cash outflows before movements 
in working capital

(Increase)/decrease in receivables
Tax paid
Increase/(decrease) in payables

2
–
41 

(347)
–
(19)
(519)
512 

(1,869)

2,052 
(4)
(859)

Net cash (outflows)/inflows from operating activities

(680)

Baron Oil Plc
Financial Report 31 December 2017

31

15 Notes to the Financial Statements

for the year ended 31 December 2017

General information
Baron Oil Plc is a company incorporated in England and Wales and quoted on the AIM market of the London
Stock Exchange. The address of the registered office is disclosed on page 2 of the financial statements. The
principal activity of the Group is described in the Strategic Report in section 4. 

1

Significant accounting policies
The principal accounting policies applied in the preparation of these consolidated financial statements
are  set  out  below.  These  policies  have  been  consistently  applied  to  all  the  periods  presented,  unless
otherwise stated.

Going concern basis
These financial statements have been prepared on the assumption that the Group is a going concern.

When assessing the foreseeable future, the directors have looked at a period of twelve months from the
date of approval of this report. The forecast cash-flow requirements of the business for this period are
covered by existing cash resources.

The  uncertainty  as  to  the  timing  and  volume  of  the  future  growth  in  sales  and  source  of  funds  from
investment partners requires the directors to consider the Group’s ability to continue as a going concern.
Notwithstanding  this  uncertainty,  the  directors  believe  that  the  Group  has  demonstrated  progress  in
achieving its objective of positioning the assets for future investment.

After making enquiries, the directors firmly believe that the Group has adequate resources to continue
in operational existence for the foreseeable future. Accordingly, they continue to adopt the going concern
basis in preparing the financial statements.

Were the Group to be unable to continue as a going concern, adjustments may have to be made to the
statement of financial position of the Group to reduce statement of financial position values of assets to
their recoverable amounts, to provide for future liabilities that might arise and to reclassify non-current
assets and long-term liabilities as current assets and liabilities.

Basis of preparation
The  financial  statements  have  been  prepared  in  accordance  with  International  Financial  Reporting
Standards  (IFRSs)  and  IFRIC  interpretations  issued  by  the  International  Accounting  Standards  Board
(IASB) as adopted by the European Union and with those parts of the Companies Act 2006 applicable
to companies reporting under IFRS. The financial statements have been prepared under the historical
cost convention. The principal accounting policies adopted are set out below. 

New and amended standards adopted by the company
There  are  no  IFRSs  or  IFRIC  interpretations  that  are  effective  for  the  first  time  for  the  financial  year
beginning  on  or  after  1  January  2017  that  would  be  expected  to  have  a  material  impact  on  the
Company.

Baron Oil Plc
Financial Report 31 December 2017

32

15 Notes to the Financial Statements

for the year ended 31 December 2017

1

Significant accounting policies continued
Standards, interpretations and amendments to published standards that are not yet effective
The following new standards, amendments to standards and interpretations have been issued, but are
not effective for the financial period beginning 1 January 2017 and have not been early adopted. The
Director anticipates that the adoption of these standard and the interpretations in future period will have
no material impact on the financial statements of the Company.

Reference

Title 

Summary

Application date 
of standard

Application
date of 
Company

Amendments First-time 
to IFRS 1

Adoption of 
International 
Financial 
Reporting 
Standards

Amendments resulting from 
Annual Improvements 2014-2016  beginning on or after  2018
Cycle (removing short-term 
exemptions)

1 January 2018

Annual periods 

1 January

Amendments Share-based 
to IFRS 2

payments

Amendments to clarify the
classification and measurement of
share based payment transactions

Annual period 
beginning on or after  2018
1 January 2018

1 January 

Amendments Insurance 
Contracts
to IFRS 4

Amendments regarding the 
interaction of IFRS 4 and IFRS 9

Amendments Financial 
to IFRS 9

Instruments

Amendments regarding the 
interaction of IFRS 4 and IFRS 9

IFRS 15

Revenue from  Original issue
Contracts with 
Customers

IFRS 16

Leases

Original issue

Annual period 
beginning on or after  2018
1 January 2018

1 January 

Annual period 
beginning on or after  2018
1 January 2018

1 January 

Annual periods 
beginning on or after  2018
1 January 2018

1 January 

Annual periods 
beginning on or after  2019
1 January 2019

1 January 

Annual periods 

1 January 

Amendments Investments in  Amendments resulting from 
to IAS 28

Associates and  Annual improvements 2014-2016  beginning on or after  2018
Joint Ventures

January 2018

cycle (Clarifying certain fair value 
measurements)

Amendments Financial 
to IAS 39

Instruments: 
Recognition 
and
measurement

Amendments Investment 
to IAS 40

Property

Applies when IFRS9
applied

1 January 
2018

Amendments to permit entity to 
elect to continue to apply the 
hedge accounting requirements in 
IAS 39 for a fair value hedge of the 
interest rate exposure of a portion 
of a portfolio of financial assets or 
financial liabilities when IFRS9 is 
applied and to extend the fair value 
option to certain contracts that meet 
the ‘own use’ scope exception

Amendments to clarify transfers or  Annual period 
property to, or from investment 
property

beginning on or after  2018
January 2018

1 January 

The directors anticipate that the adoption of these standards and the interpretations in future periods will
have no material impact on the financial statements of the Company.

Baron Oil Plc
Financial Report 31 December 2017

33

15 Notes to the Financial Statements

for the year ended 31 December 2017

1

Significant accounting policies continued
Basis of consolidation
The  consolidated  financial  statements  include  the  financial  statements  of  the  Company  and  its
subsidiaries and associated undertakings.

Subsidiaries
Subsidiaries are all entities over which Baron Oil Plc has the power to govern the financial and operating
policies generally accompanying a shareholding of more than one half of the voting rights, or where
Baron Oil Plc exercises effective operational control. The existence and effect of potential voting rights
that are currently exercisable or convertible are considered when assessing whether the Group controls
another  entity.  Subsidiaries  are  fully  consolidated  from  the  date  on  which  control  is  transferred  to  the
Company. They are de-consolidated from the date that control ceases.

The purchase method of accounting is used to account for the acquisition of subsidiaries by the Group.
The cost of an acquisition is measured as the fair value of the assets given, equity instruments issued and
liabilities incurred or assumed at the date of exchange, plus costs directly attributable to the acquisition.
Identifiable assets acquired and liabilities and contingent liabilities assumed in a business combination
are measured initially at their fair values at the acquisition date, irrespective of the extent of any minority
interest. The excess of the cost of acquisition over the fair value of the Group’s share of the identifiable
net assets acquired is recorded as goodwill. If the cost of acquisition is less than the fair value of the net
assets of the subsidiary acquired, the difference is recognised directly in the income statement.

Inter-company transactions, balances and unrealised gains on transactions between Group companies
are eliminated. Unrealised losses are also eliminated but considered an impairment indicator of the asset
transferred.  Accounting  policies  of  subsidiaries  have  been  changed  where  necessary  to  ensure
consistency with the policies adopted by the Group.

Joint ventures
Where  the  Group  is  engaged  in  oil  and  gas  exploration  and  appraisal  through  unincorporated  joint
ventures, the Group accounts for its share of the results and net assets of these joint ventures as jointly
controlled assets. The Group’s interests in jointly controlled entities are accounted for by proportionate
consolidation.  The  Group  combines  its  share  of  the  joint  ventures’  individual  income  and  expenses,
assets and liabilities and cash flows on a line-by-line basis with similar items in the Group’s financial
statements. The Group recognises the portion of gains or losses on the sale of assets by the group to the
joint venture that is attributable to the other venturers. The Group does not recognise its share of profits
or losses from the joint venture that result from the Group’s purchase of assets from the joint venture until
it  re-sells  the  assets  to  an  independent  party.  However,  a  loss  on  the  transaction  is  recognised
immediately if the loss provides evidence of a reduction in the net realisable value of current assets, or
an impairment loss. In addition, where the Group acts as operator of the joint venture, the gross liabilities
and  receivables  (including  amounts  due  to  or  from  non-operating  partners)  of  the  joint  venture  are
included in the Consolidated Statement of financial position.

Business combinations
The Group has chosen to adopt IFRS 3 prospectively from the date of transition and not restate historic
business  combinations  from  before  this  date.  Business  combinations  from  the  date  of  transition  are
accounted for under IFRS 3 using the purchase method.

Baron Oil Plc
Financial Report 31 December 2017

34

15 Notes to the Financial Statements

for the year ended 31 December 2017

1

Significant accounting policies continued
Goodwill
Goodwill represents the excess of the cost of an acquisition over the fair value of the Group’s share of the
net  identifiable  assets  of  the  acquired  subsidiary  or  associate  at  the  date  of  acquisition.  Goodwill  on
acquisitions  of  subsidiaries  is  included  in  ‘intangible  assets’.  Separately  recognised  goodwill  is  tested
annually for impairment and carried at cost less accumulated impairment losses. Impairment losses on
goodwill are not reversed. Gains and losses on the disposal of an entity include the carrying amount of
goodwill relating to the entity sold.

Goodwill  is  allocated  to  cash-generating  units  for  the  purpose  of  impairment  testing.  The  allocation  is
made to those cash-generating units or groups of cash-generating units that are expected to benefit from
the business combination in which the goodwill arose. The Group allocates goodwill to each business
segment in each country in which it operates.

Impairment of non-financial assets
Assets that have an indefinite useful life, for example goodwill, are not subject to amortisation and are
tested annually for impairment. 

At each statement of financial position date, the Group reviews the carrying amounts of its tangible and
intangible  assets  to  determine  whether  there  is  any  indication  that  those  assets  have  suffered  an
impairment loss. If any such indication exists, the recoverable amount of the asset is estimated in order
to determine the extent of the impairment loss (if any). Where the asset does not generate cash flows that
are independent from other assets, the Group estimates the recoverable amount of the cash-generating
unit to which the asset belongs. An intangible asset with an indefinite useful life is tested for impairment
annually and whenever there is an indication that the asset may be impaired. 

Recoverable amount is the higher of fair value less costs to sell and value in use. In assessing value in
use, the estimated future cash flows are discounted to their present value using a pre-tax discount rate
that reflects current market assessments of the time value of money and the risks specific to the asset for
which the estimates of future cash flows have not been adjusted. 

Impairment of non-financial assets continued
If the recoverable amount of an asset (or cash-generating unit) is estimated to be less than its carrying
amount, the carrying amount of the asset (cash-generating unit) is reduced to its recoverable amount.
An impairment loss is recognised as an expense immediately, unless the relevant asset is carried at a 
re-valued amount, in which case the impairment loss is treated as a revaluation decrease. 

Where an impairment loss subsequently reverses, the carrying amount of the asset (cash-generating unit)
is increased to the revised estimate of its recoverable amount, but so that the increased carrying amount
does not exceed the carrying amount that would have been determined had no impairment loss been
recognised  for  the  asset  (cash-generating  unit)  in  prior  periods.  A  reversal  of  an  impairment  loss  is
recognised as income immediately, unless the relevant asset is carried at a revalued amount, in which
case the reversal of the impairment loss is treated as a revaluation increase.

Baron Oil Plc
Financial Report 31 December 2017

35

15 Notes to the Financial Statements

for the year ended 31 December 2017

1

Significant accounting policies continued
Intangible assets
Oil and gas assets: exploration and evaluation
The  Group  has  continued  to  apply  the  ‘successful  efforts’  method  of  accounting  for  Exploration  and
Evaluation (“E&E”) costs, having regard to the requirements of IFRS 6 ‘Exploration for the Evaluation of
Mineral Resources’. 

The  successful  efforts  method  means  that  only  the  costs  which  relate  directly  to  the  discovery  and
development  of  specific  oil  and  gas  reserves  are  capitalised.  Such  costs  may  include  costs  of  license
acquisition, technical services and studies, seismic acquisition; exploration drilling and testing but do not
include  costs  incurred  prior  to  having  obtained  the  legal  rights  to  explore  the  area.  Under  successful
efforts accounting, exploration expenditure which is general in nature is charged directly to the income
statement and that which relates to unsuccessful drilling operations, though initially capitalised pending
determination,  is  subsequently  written  off.  Only  costs  which  relate  directly  to  the  discovery  and
development of specific commercial oil and gas reserves will remain capitalised and to be depreciated
over the lives of these reserves. The success or failure of each exploration effort will be judged on a well-
by-well basis as each potentially hydrocarbon-bearing structure is identified and tested. Exploration and
evaluation  costs  are  capitalised  within  intangible  assets.  Capital  expenditure  on  producing  assets  is
accounted for in accordance with SORP ‘Accounting for Oil and Gas Exploration’. Costs incurred prior
to obtaining legal rights to explore are expensed immediately to the income statement.

All  lease  and  licence  acquisition  costs,  geological  and  geophysical  costs  and  other  direct  costs  of
exploration, evaluation and development are capitalised as intangible or property, plant and equipment
according  to  their  nature.  Intangible  assets  comprise  costs  relating  to  the  exploration  and  evaluation  of
properties which the directors consider to be unevaluated until reserves are appraised as commercial, at
which time they are transferred to tangible assets as ‘Developed oil and gas assets’ following an impairment
review  and  depreciated  accordingly.  Where  properties  are  appraised  to  have  no  commercial  value,  the
associated costs are treated as an impairment loss in the period in which the determination is made. 

Costs  are  amortised  on  a  field  by  field  unit  of  production  method  based  on  commercial  proven  and
probable reserves, or to the expiry of the licence, whichever is earlier.

The  calculation  of  the  ‘unit  of  production’  amortisation  takes  account  of  the  estimated  future
development costs and is based on the current period and un-escalated price levels. Changes in reserves
and cost estimates are recognised prospectively. 

E&E costs are not amortised prior to the conclusion of appraisal activities.

Property, plant and equipment
Oil and gas assets: development and production
Development and production (“D&P”) assets are accumulated on a well by well basis and represent the
cost of developing the commercial reserves discovered and bringing them into production, together with
the E&E expenditures incurred in finding commercial reserves transferred from intangible E&E assets as
outlined above. The carrying values of producing assets are depreciated on a well by well basis using
the unit of production method based on entitlement to provide by reference to the ratio of production in
the  period  to  the  related  commercial  reserves  of  the  well,  taking  into  account  any  estimated  future
development expenditures necessary to bring additional non producing reserves into production. 

An impairment test is performed for D&P assets whenever events and circumstances arise that indicate
that the carrying value of development or production phase assets may exceed its recoverable amount.
The  aggregate  carrying  value  is  compared  against  the  expected  recoverable  amount  of  each  well,
generally  by  reference  to  the  present  value  of  the  future  net  cash  flows  expected  to  be  derived  from
production of commercial reserves. 

The  cost  of  the  workovers  and  extended  production  testing  is  capitalised  within  property,  plant  and
equipment as a D&P asset.

Baron Oil Plc
Financial Report 31 December 2017

36

15 Notes to the Financial Statements

for the year ended 31 December 2017

1

Significant accounting policies continued
Property, plant and equipment continued
Decommissioning
Site restoration provisions are made in respect of the estimated future costs of closure and restoration, and
for  environmental  rehabilitation  costs  (which  include  the  dismantling  and  demolition  of  infrastructure,
removal  of  residual  materials  and  remediation  of  disturbed  areas)  in  the  accounting  period  when  the
related environmental disturbance occurs. The provision is discounted where material and the unwinding
of the discount is included in finance costs. Over time, the discounted provision is increased for the change
in present value based on the discount rates that reflect current market assessments and the risks specific
to the liability. At the time of establishing the provision, a corresponding asset is capitalised where it gives
rise  to  a  future  benefit  and  depreciated  over  future  production  from  the  field  to  which  it  relates.  The
provision is reviewed on an annual basis for changes in cost estimates, discount rates or life of operations.
Any  change  in  restoration  costs  or  assumptions  will  be  recognised  as  additions  or  charges  to  the
corresponding asset and provision when they occur. For permanently closed sites, changes to estimated
costs are recognised immediately in the income statement.

Non oil and gas assets
Non oil and gas assets are stated at cost of acquisition less accumulated depreciation and impairment
losses. Depreciation is provided on a straight-line basis at rates calculated to write off the cost less the
estimated residual value of each asset over its expected useful economic life. The residual value is the
estimated amount that would currently be obtained from disposal of the asset if the asset were already
of the age and in the condition expected at the end of its useful life.

Buildings, plant and equipment unrelated to production are depreciated using the straight-line method
based on estimated useful lives.

The annual rate of depreciation for each class of depreciable asset is:

Equipment and machinery

4-10 years

The carrying value of tangible fixed assets is assessed annually and any impairment is charged to the
income statement.

Investments
Investments are stated at cost less provision for any impairment in value.

Trade receivables
Trade  receivables  are  recognised  initially  at  fair  value  and  subsequently  measured  at  amortised  cost
using  the  effective  interest  method,  less  provision  for  impairment.  A  provision  for  impairment  is
established when there is objective evidence that the Group will not be able to collect all amounts due
according  to  the  original  terms  of  the  receivables.  Significant  financial  difficulties  of  the  debtor,
probability that the debtor will enter bankruptcy or financial reorganisation, and default or delinquency
in payments are considered indicators that the trade receivable is impaired.

Cash and cash equivalents
Cash  and  cash  equivalents  include  cash  in  hand,  deposits  held  on  call  with  banks,  other  short-term
highly  liquid  investments  with  original  maturities  of  three  months  or  less,  and  bank  overdrafts.  Bank
overdrafts are shown within borrowings in current liabilities on the statement of financial position.

Inventories
Inventories, including materials, equipment and inventories of gas and oil held for sale in the ordinary
course of business, are stated at weighted average historical cost, less provision for deterioration and
obsolescence or, if lower, net realisable value.

Baron Oil Plc
Financial Report 31 December 2017

37

15 Notes to the Financial Statements

for the year ended 31 December 2017

1

Significant accounting policies continued
Revenue
Oil and gas sales revenue is measured at the fair value of the consideration received or receivable and
represents amounts receivable for the Group’s share of oil and gas supplied in the period. Revenue is
shown net of value-added tax, returns, rebates and discounts and after eliminating sales within the Group.
Revenue is recognised when the oil and gas produced is despatched and received by the customers.

Taxation
Income tax
Income tax expense represents the sum of the tax currently payable and deferred tax.

The tax currently payable is based on taxable profit or loss for the year. Taxable profit or loss differs from
profit or loss as reported in the same income statement because it excludes items of income or expense
that  are  taxable  or  deductible  in  other  periods  and  it  further  excludes  items  that  are  never  taxable  or
deductible. The Company’s liability for current tax is calculated using tax rates that have been enacted
or substantively enacted by the statement of financial position date.

Deferred tax 
Deferred tax is recognised on differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities in the
financial statements and the corresponding tax bases used in the computation of taxable profit, and is
accounted  for  using  the  statement  of  financial  position  liability  method.  Deferred  tax  liabilities  are
generally recognised for all taxable temporary differences and deferred tax assets are recognised to the
extent  that  it  is  probable  that  taxable  profits  will  be  available  against  which  deductible  temporary
differences can be utilised. Such assets and liabilities are not recognised if the temporary difference arises
from goodwill or from the initial recognition (other than in a business combination) of other assets and
liabilities in a transaction that affects neither the taxable profit nor the accounting profit.

The carrying amount of deferred tax is reviewed at each statement of financial position date and reduced
to the extent that it is no longer probable that sufficient taxable profits will be available to allow all or
part of the asset to be recovered.

Deferred tax is calculated at the tax rates that are expected to apply in the period when the liability is settled
or the asset realised. Deferred tax is charged or credited to income statement, except when it relates to
items charged or credited directly to equity, in which case the deferred tax is also dealt with in equity.

Deferred tax assets and liabilities are offset when there is a legally enforceable right to set off current tax
assets against current tax liabilities and when they relate to income taxes levied by the same taxation
authority and the Company intends to settle its current tax assets and liabilities on a net basis.

Trade payables 
Trade payables are not interest bearing and are stated at their nominal value. 

Fair values 
The carrying amounts of the financial assets and liabilities such as cash and cash equivalents, receivables
and payables of the Group at the statement of financial position date approximated their fair values, due
to relatively short term nature of these financial instruments.

The  Company  provides  financial  guarantees  to  licensed  banks  for  credit  facilities  extended  to  a
subsidiary  company.  The  fair  value  of  such  financial  guarantees  is  not  expected  to  be  significantly
different as the probability of the subsidiary company defaulting on the credit lines is remote.

Baron Oil Plc
Financial Report 31 December 2017

38

15 Notes to the Financial Statements

for the year ended 31 December 2017

1

Significant accounting policies continued
Share-based compensation
The fair value of the employee and suppliers services received in exchange for the grant of the options is
recognised  as  an  expense.  The  total  amount  to  be  expensed  over  the  vesting  period  is  determined  by
reference  to  the  fair  value  of  the  options  granted,  excluding  the  impact  of  any  non-market  vesting
conditions  (for  example,  profitability  and  sales  growth  targets).  Non-market  vesting  conditions  are
included  in  assumptions  about  the  number  of  options  that  are  expected  to  vest.  At  each  statement  of
financial position date, the entity revises its estimates of the number of options that are expected to vest.
It  recognises  the  impact  of  the  revision  to  original  estimates,  if  any,  in  the  income  statement,  with  a
corresponding adjustment to equity.

The  proceeds  received  net  of  any  directly  attributable  transaction  costs  are  credited  to  share  capital
(nominal value) and share premium when the options are exercised.

Share based payments (Note 20)
The fair value of share-based payments recognised in the income statement is measured by use of the
Black Scholes model, which takes into account conditions attached to the vesting and exercise of the
equity  instruments.  The  expected  life  used  in  the  model  is  adjusted;  based  on  management’s  best
estimate, for the effects of non-transferability, exercise restrictions and behavioural considerations. The
share price volatility percentage factor used in the calculation is based on management’s best estimate
of  future  share  price  behaviour  and  is  selected  based  on  past  experience,  future  expectations  and
benchmarked against peer companies in the industry.

Equity instruments 
Ordinary shares are classified as equity.

Incremental  costs  directly  attributable  to  the  issue  of  new  shares  or  options  are  shown  in  equity  as  a
deduction, net of tax, from proceeds.

Provisions
Provisions are recognised when the Company has a present obligation as a result of a past event, and
it is probable that the Company will be required to settle that obligation. Provisions are measured at the
directors’ best estimate of the expenditure required to settle the obligation at the statement of financial
position date, and are discounted to present value where the effect is material.

Financial instruments
Non-derivative financial instruments comprise investments in equity and debt securities, trade and other
receivables, cash and cash equivalents, loans and borrowings, and trade and other payables.

Non-derivative financial instruments are recognised initially at fair value plus, for instruments not at fair
value  through  profit  or  loss,  any  directly  attributable  transactions  costs,  except  as  described  below.
Subsequent to initial recognition non-derivative financial instruments are measured as described below.

A financial instrument is recognised when the Group becomes a party to the contractual provisions of
the instrument. Financial assets are derecognised if the Group’s contractual rights to the cash flows from
the financial assets expire or if the Group transfers the financial assets to another party without retaining
control or substantially all risks and rewards of the asset. Regular purchases and sales of financial assets
are accounted for at trade date, i.e. the date that the Group commits itself to purchase or sell the asset.
Financial  liabilities  are  derecognised  if  the  Group’s  obligations  specified  in  the  contract  expire  or  are
discharged or cancelled.

Baron Oil Plc
Financial Report 31 December 2017

39

15 Notes to the Financial Statements

for the year ended 31 December 2017

1

Significant accounting policies continued
Foreign currencies
(i)

Functional and presentation currency
Items  included  in  the  financial  statements  of  the  Group  are  measured  using  the  currency  of  the
primary  economic  environment  in  which  the  entity  operates  (the  functional  currency),  which  are
mainly in Pounds Sterling (£), US Dollars (USD), Colombian Pesos (COP) and Peruvian Nuevo Sol
(PEN).  The  financial  statements  are  presented  in  Pounds  Sterling  (£),  which  is  the  Group’s
presentation currency.

(ii)

Transactions and balances
Foreign currency transactions are translated into the presentational currency using exchange rates
prevailing at the dates of the transactions. Foreign exchange gains and losses resulting from the
settlement of such transactions and from the translation at period-end exchange rates of monetary
assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies are recognised in the income statement.

(iii) Group companies

The results and financial position of all Group entities (none of which has the currency of a hyper-
inflationary economy) that have a functional currency different from the presentation currency are
translated into the presentation currency as follows:

(a)

(b)

assets and liabilities for each statement of financial position presented are translated at the
closing rate at the date of that statement of financial position;

income and expenses for each income statement are translated at average exchange rates
(unless this average is not a reasonable approximation of the cumulative effect of the rates
prevailing on the transaction dates, in which case income and expenses are translated at the
rate on the dates of the transactions); and

(c)

all resulting exchange differences are recognised as a separate component of equity.

On consolidation, exchange differences arising from the translation of the net investment in foreign
operations,  and  of  borrowings  and  other  currency  instruments  designated  as  hedges  of  such
investments, are taken to shareholders’ equity. When a foreign operation is partially disposed of or
sold, exchange differences that were recorded in equity are recognised in the income statement as
part of the gain or loss on sale.

Goodwill and fair value adjustments arising on the acquisition of a foreign entity are treated as
assets and liabilities of the foreign entity and translated at the closing rate.

Management of capital
The Group’s policy is to ensure that it will always have sufficient cash to allow it to meet its liabilities when
they  become  due.  The  principal  liabilities  of  the  Group  arise  in  respect  of  committed  expenditure  in
respect of its ongoing exploration work. To achieve this aim, it seeks to raise new equity finance and debt
sufficient to meet the next phase of exploration and where relevant development expenditure.

The Board receives cash flow projections on a monthly basis as well as information on cash balances.
The Board will not commit to material expenditure in respect of its ongoing exploration work prior to
being satisfied that sufficient funding is available to the Group to finance the planned programmes. 

Dividends cannot be issued until there are sufficient reserves available.

Critical accounting judgments and key sources of estimation uncertainty
The preparation of the consolidated financial statements requires management to make estimates and
assumptions  concerning  the  future  that  affect  the  reported  amounts  of  assets  and  liabilities  and  the
disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the dates of the financial statements and the reported
amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting periods. The resulting accounting estimates will,
by definition, differ from the related actual results. 

Baron Oil Plc
Financial Report 31 December 2017

40

15 Notes to the Financial Statements

for the year ended 31 December 2017

1

Significant accounting policies continued
Plant and equipment, intangible assets & impairment of goodwill
Intangible assets plant and equipment are amortised or depreciated over their useful lives. Useful lives
are  based  on  management’s  estimates  of  the  period  that  the  assets  will  generate  revenue,  which  are
periodically  reviewed  for  continued  appropriateness.  Changes  to  the  estimates  used  can  result  in
significant variations in the carrying value.

The Group assesses the impairment of plant and equipment and intangible assets subject to amortisation
or depreciation whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value may not
be recoverable.

Additionally, goodwill arising on acquisitions is subject to impairment review. The Group’s management
undertakes  an  impairment  review  of  goodwill  annually  or  more  frequently  if  events  or  changes  in
circumstances indicate that the carrying value may not be recoverable.

The discount rate used by the Group during the period for impairment testing was 10%. 

The complexity of the estimation process and issues related to the assumptions, risks and uncertainties
inherent in the application of the Group’s accounting estimates in relation to plant and equipment and
intangible assets affect the amounts reported in the financial statements, especially the estimates of the
expected  useful  economic  lives  and  the  carrying  values  of  those  assets.  If  business  conditions  were
different, or if different assumptions were used in the application of this and other accounting estimates,
it is likely that materially different amounts could be reported in the Group’s financial statements.

The directors have carried out a detailed impairment review in respect of goodwill. The Group assesses
at each reporting date whether there is an indication that an asset may be impaired, by considering the
net present value of discounted cash flows forecasts which have been discounted at 10%. The cash flow
projections are based on the assumption that the Group can realise projected sales. A prudent approach
has been applied with no residual value being factored. At the period end, based on these assumptions
there was no indication of impairment of the value of goodwill.

However, if the projected sales do not materialise there is a risk that the value of the intangible assets
shown above would be impaired.

Commercial reserves estimates 
Oil  and  gas  reserve  estimates:  estimation  of  recoverable  reserves  include  assumptions  regarding
commodity  prices,  exchange  rates,  discount  rates,  production  and  transportation  costs  all  of  which
impact future cashflows. It also requires the interpretation of complex geological and geophysical models
in order to make an assessment of the size, shape, depth and quality of reservoirs and their anticipated
recoveries. The economic, geological and technical factors used to estimate reserves may change from
period  to  period.  Changes  in  estimated  reserves  can  impact  developed  and  undeveloped  property
carrying  values,  asset  retirement  costs  and  the  recognition  of  income  tax  assets,  due  to  changes  in
expected  future  cash  flows.  Reserve  estimates  are  also  integral  to  the  amount  of  depletion  and
depreciation charged to income. 

Decommissioning costs 
Asset retirement obligations: the amounts recorded for asset retirement obligations are based on each
field’s operator’s best estimate of future costs and the remaining time to abandonment of oil and gas
properties, which may also depend on commodity prices.

Accounting estimates
The preparation of the consolidated financial statements requires management to make estimates and
assumptions  concerning  the  future  that  affect  the  reported  amounts  of  assets  and  liabilities  and  the
disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the dates of the financial statements and the reported
amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting periods. The resulting accounting estimates will,
by definition, differ from the related actual results.

Baron Oil Plc
Financial Report 31 December 2017

41

15 Notes to the Financial Statements

for the year ended 31 December 2017

2 

Segmental Information
In  the  opinion  of  the  Directors  the  Group  has  one  class  of  business,  being  the  exploration  for,  and
development and production of, oil and gas reserves, and other related activities.

The Group’s primary reporting format is determined to be the geographical segment according to the
location  of  the  oil  and  gas  asset.  There  are  currently  three  geographic  reporting  segments:  South
America, which has been involved in production, development and exploration activity, South East Asia
where  production,  development  and  exploration  activity  is  being  assessed,  and  the  United  Kingdom
being the head office and where exploration activity is taking place.

United
Kingdom
£’000

South
America
£’000

South East
Asia
£’000

Exploration and production 
year ended 31 December 2017

Revenue – oil
Cost of sales

Gross profit

Exploration and evaluation expenditure
Intangible asset written off
Intangible asset impairment
Goodwill impairment
Receivables and inventory impairment
Disposal of Colombian subsidiary
Administration expenses
(Loss)/profit on exchange
Other operating income

Operating (loss)/profit

Finance costs 
Finance income

(Loss)/Profit before taxation

Income tax expense

Loss/(Profit) after taxation

Assets and liabilities
Segment assets
Cash and cash equivalents

Total assets

Segment liabilities
Current tax liabilities

Total liabilities

– 
– 

– 

–
–
– 
– 
– 
– 
(510)
(508)
9

(1,009)

– 
19

(990) 

– 

(990)

14 
3,863

3,877

108 
7

115 

– 
– 

– 

(19)
(1,837)
–
–
43
831
–
–
12

(970)

(8)
–

(978)

519

(459)

1,264
129

1,393

87
805

892

Other segment items
Capital expenditure
Depreciation, amortisation and 
impairment charges

– 

– 

298 

(43) 

Baron Oil Plc
Financial Report 31 December 2017

42

Total
£’000

– 
– 

– 

(109)
(1,837)
–
–
43
831
(510)
(508)
21

(2,069)

(8)
19

(2,058)

519

(1,539)

1,278
3,992

5,270

195
812

1,007

298

(43)

– 
– 

– 

(90)
–
– 
– 
– 
– 
– 
– 
– 

(90)

– 
– 

(90)

– 

(90)

– 
– 

– 

– 
– 

– 

– 

– 

15 Notes to the Financial Statements

for the year ended 31 December 2017

2 

Segmental Information continued
Exploration and production
year ended 31 December 2016

United
Kingdom
£’000

South
America
£’000

South East
Asia
£’000

Revenue – oil
Cost of sales

Gross profit

Exploration and evaluation expenditure
Intangible asset impairment
Property, plant and equipment impairment
Goodwill impairment
Receivables impairment
Disposal of Colombia branch operations
Administration expenses
(Loss)/profit on exchange
Other operating income

Operating (loss)/profit

Finance costs 
Finance income

(Loss)/Profit before taxation

Income tax expense

(Loss)/profit before taxation

Assets and liabilities
Segment assets
Cash and cash equivalents

Total assets

Segment liabilities
Current tax liabilities

Total liabilities

Other segment items
Capital expenditure
Depreciation, amortisation and 
impairment charges

– 
– 

– 

(658)
– 
– 
– 
– 
–
(529)
1,091
308

212

– 
90

302

– 

302

163 
5,023

5,186

155
11

166

– 

– 

– 
– 

– 

–
(370)
95
(81)
73
31
(171)
40
11

(372)

(35)
11

(396)

(113)

(509)

3,235
208

3,443

899
1,491

2,390

521 

283

– 
– 

– 

(81)
– 
– 
– 
– 
–
– 
–
– 

(81)

– 
– 

(81)

– 

(81)

– 
– 

– 

– 
– 

– 

– 

– 

Total
£’000

– 
– 

– 

(739)
(370)
95
(81)
73
31
(700)
1,131
319

(241)

(35)
101

(175)

(113)

(288)

3,398
5,231

8,629

1,054
1,502

2,556

521

283

Baron Oil Plc
Financial Report 31 December 2017

43

15 Notes to the Financial Statements

for the year ended 31 December 2017

3

(Loss) from operations
The loss on ordinary activities before taxation is stated after charging:

Auditors’ remuneration

Group – audit
Company – audit
Group – other non-audit services
Company – other non-audit services
Exploration and evaluation expenditure
Depreciation of non oil and gas assets
Depreciation of oil and gas assets
Intangible asset written off
Impairment of intangible assets
Impairment of property, plant and equipment
Impairment of foreign tax receivables
Loss/(gain) on exchange

2017
£’000

21 
21 
5 
5 
109 
– 
– 
1,837
– 
– 
(43)
508 

2016
£’000

29 
15 
5 
5 
739 
– 
– 
–
451 
95 
(73) 
(1,131)

The analysis of development and administrative expenses in the consolidated income statement by nature
of expense is:

Employee benefit expense
Exploration and evaluation expenditure
Depreciation, amortisation and impairment charges
Legal and professional fees
Loss/(gain) on exchange
Other expenses

4 Other operating income

Release of historic liabilities
Other

2017
£’000

311 
109 
(43)
140 
508 
59 

1,084 

2017
£’000

– 
21 

21 

2016
£’000

423 
739 
283 
180 
(1,131)
97 

591 

2016
£’000

304 
15 

319 

Baron Oil Plc
Financial Report 31 December 2017

44

15 Notes to the Financial Statements

for the year ended 31 December 2017

5

Staff numbers and cost
The average number of persons employed by the Group (including directors) during the year, analysed
by category, were as follows:

2017
Number

2016
Number

Directors 
Technical and production
Administration

Total 

The aggregate payroll costs of these persons were as follows:

3
–
–

3

3
2
3

8

£’000

£’000

Wages and salaries
Directors’ salaries
Share based payments
Social security costs

6

Finance income

Bank and other interest received
Finance cost

Total 

7

Income tax expense
The tax charge on the loss on ordinary activities was:

UK Corporation Tax – current
Foreign taxation

–
243
41 
27

311

2017
£’000

19 
(8)

11 

2017
£’000

– 
(519) 

(519) 

The total charge for the year can be reconciled to the accounting profit as follows:

(Loss) before tax
Continuing operations

Tax at composite group rate of 21.1% (2016: 21.9%)

Effects of:
Losses/(profits) not subject to tax
Change of tax rate on brought forward tax loss
Increase in tax losses
Foreign taxation

Tax expense

2017
£’000

(2,058) 

(434) 

9
(168) 
593 
(519) 

(519) 

92
297
– 
34

423

2016
£’000

101 
(35)

66

2016
£’000

– 
113

113

2016
£’000

(175)

(38)

(61)
13
86 
113 

113 

At  31  December  2017,  the  Group  has  trading  tax  losses  of  £22,249,000  (31  December  2016:
£22,052,000) to carry forward against future profits, plus capital losses of £5,707,000 (2016: £2,589,000)
to offset against future capital gains. The deferred tax asset on these tax losses at 21.1% of £5,899,000 
(31 December 2016: at 21.8%, £5,371,000) has not been recognised due to the uncertainty of the recovery.

Baron Oil Plc
Financial Report 31 December 2017

45

15 Notes to the Financial Statements

for the year ended 31 December 2017

8

Loss for the period
As permitted by section 408 of the Companies Act 2006, the Parent Company’s income statement has
not been included in these financial statements. The loss for the financial year is made up as follows:

Parent company’s (loss)/profit

9

Earnings per share

Loss per ordinary share
– Basic
– Diluted

2017
£’000

(1,342) 

2016
£’000

47

2017

2016

(0.112p)
(0.112p)

(0.002p)
(0.002p)

Earnings per ordinary share is based on the Group’s loss attributable to controlling interests for the year
of £1,539,000 (2016: £32,000).

The weighted average number of shares used in the calculation is the weighted average ordinary shares
in issue during the year.

Weighted average ordinary shares in issue 
during the year
Potentially dilutive warrants issued

Weighted average ordinary shares for diluted 
earnings per share

2017
Number

2016
Number

1,376,409,576
28,859,896

1,376,409,576
35,172,414

1,405,269,472

1,411,581,990

Due to the Group’s results for the year, the diluted earnings per share was deemed to be the same as
the basic earnings per share for that year.

Baron Oil Plc
Financial Report 31 December 2017

46

15 Notes to the Financial Statements

for the year ended 31 December 2017

10 Property, plant and equipment

GROUP

Development
and production
costs
£’000

Equipment
and
machinery
£’000

Vehicles
£’000

Total
£’000

Cost
At 1 January 2016
Foreign exchange translation adjustment
Expenditure
Disposals

At 1 January 2017
Foreign exchange translation adjustment
Expenditure
Disposals

At 31 December 2017

Depreciation
At 1 January 2016
Foreign exchange translation adjustment
Charge for the period
Disposals
Impairment charge

At 1 January 2017
Foreign exchange translation adjustment
Charge for the period
Disposals

At 31 December 2017

Net book value
At 31 December 2017

At 31 December 2016

– 
– 
– 
–

– 
– 
– 
– 

– 

– 
– 
–
–
–

– 
– 
– 
– 

– 

– 

– 

879
(111)
1
(731)

38
(5)
–
(1)

32 

875
(112)
2
(633)
(97)

35
(5)
2 
–

32

–

3

23
– 
– 
– 

23 
– 
– 
(23)

–

23 
– 
– 
– 
– 

23 
– 
– 
(23)

–

– 

– 

902
(111)
1
(731)

61
(5)
–
(24)

32

898
(112)
2
(633)
(97)

58
(5)
2 
(23)

32

–

3

Baron Oil Plc
Financial Report 31 December 2017

47

15 Notes to the Financial Statements

for the year ended 31 December 2017

10 Property, plant and equipment continued

COMPANY

Cost
At 1 January 2016
Expenditure
Disposals

At 1 January 2017
Expenditure
Disposals

At 31 December 2017

Depreciation
At 1 January 2016
Charge for the year
Disposals

At 1 January 2017
Charge for the period
Disposals

At 31 December 2017

Net book value
At 31 December 2017

At 31 December 2016

Development
and production
costs
£’000

Equipment
and
machinery
£’000

Total
£’000

– 
– 
– 

– 
– 
– 

– 

– 
– 
– 

– 
– 
– 

– 

– 

– 

7 
– 
(7)

–
– 
–

– 

7 
– 
(7)

–
– 
–

– 

– 

– 

7
–
(7)

–
– 
–

– 

7
– 
(7)

–
– 
–

– 

– 

– 

Baron Oil Plc
Financial Report 31 December 2017

48

15 Notes to the Financial Statements

for the year ended 31 December 2017

11 Intangible fixed assets

GROUP 

Cost
At 1 January 2016
Foreign exchange translation adjustment
Expenditure
Disposals

At 1 January 2017
Foreign exchange translation adjustment
Expenditure
Disposals

At 31 December 2017

Impairment
At 1 January 2016
Foreign exchange translation adjustment
Charge for the period
Disposals

At 1 January 2017
Foreign exchange translation adjustment
Charge for the period
Disposals

At 31 December 2017

Net book value
At 31 December 2017

At 31 December 2016

Exploration
and
evaluation
costs
£’000

6,280 
598
492
(3,061)

4,309
(334)
298
(1,953)

2,320

3,732 
200
370
(1,318)

2,984
–
–
(1,924)

1,060

1,260 

1,325

Licence
£’000

1,896 
– 
– 
(1,896)

–
– 
– 
–

– 

1,896 
–
– 
(1,896)

– 
– 
– 
–

–

– 

– 

Total
£’000

8,176
598
492
(4,957)

4,309
(334)
298
(1,953)

2,320

5,628
200
370
(3,214)

2,984 
–
–
(1,924)

1,060

1,260

1,325

Baron Oil Plc
Financial Report 31 December 2017

49

15 Notes to the Financial Statements

for the year ended 31 December 2017

11 Intangible fixed assets continued

COMPANY 

Cost
At 1 January 2016
Expenditure
Disposals

At 1 January 2017
Expenditure
Disposals

At 31 December 2017

Impairment
At 1 January 2016
Charge for the year
Disposals

At 1 January 2017
Expenditure
Disposals

At 31 December 2017

Net book value
At 31 December 2017

At 31 December 2016

Exploration
and
evaluation
costs
£’000

Licence
£’000

– 
– 
– 

– 
– 
– 

– 

– 
– 
– 

– 
– 
– 

– 

– 

– 

3,272 
74 
(1,651)

1,695 
119 
(1,180)

634 

2,719 
(559)
(1,031)

1,129 
– 
(1,060)

69 

565 

566 

Total
£’000

3,272 
74 
(1,651)

1,695 
119 
(1,180)

634 

2,719 
(559)
(1,031)

1,129 
– 
(1,060)

69 

565 

566 

The exploration and evaluation costs above represent the cost in acquiring, exploring and evaluating the
company’s and group’s assets. 

The  impairment  of  all  intangible  assets  has  been  reviewed,  giving  rise  to  the  following  impairment
charges, or reduction in impairment charges.

Block Z34 offshore Peru: following the relinquishment of the contract in December 2017, the whole of
the net carrying value of the intangible asset relating to this block has now been written off. 

Block  XXI  Peru:  this  contract  is  fully  impaired  except  for  the  cost  of  seismic  acquisition  and  analysis
incurred  in  2015  and  2016  where  encouraging  results  are  expected  to  lead  to  the  drilling  of  an
exploration well.

Baron Oil Plc
Financial Report 31 December 2017

50

15 Notes to the Financial Statements

for the year ended 31 December 2017

12 Goodwill

GROUP

Cost
At 1 January 2016
Additions

At 1 January 2017
Disposals

At 31 December 2017

Impairment
At 1 January 2016
Charge for the period

At 1 January 2017
Disposals

At 31 December 2017

Net book value
At 31 December 2017

At 31 December 2016

Goodwill on
consolidation
of subsidiaries
£’000

2,326 
81 

2,407 
(2,326)

81 

2,326 
81 

2,407 
(2,326)

81 

– 

– 

The carrying value of goodwill represents the purchase of shares in Gold Oil Peru SAC. 

Baron Oil Plc
Financial Report 31 December 2017

51

15 Notes to the Financial Statements

for the year ended 31 December 2017

13 Investments

COMPANY

Cost
At 1 January 2016
Exchange rate adjustment
Additions
Disposals
Net loan movements

At 1 January 2017
Exchange rate adjustment
Disposals
Net loan movements

At 31 December 2017

Impairment
At 1 January 2016
Charge/(release) for the year
Disposals

At 1 January 2017
Charge/(release) for the year
Disposals

At 31 December 2017

Carrying value
At 31 December 2017

At 31 December 2016

Loans to
group
undertaking
£’000

Shares in
group
undertaking
£’000

2,831 
569 
– 
–
(404)

2,996 
(208)
(723)
283 

2,348 

2,831 
165 
–

2,996 
75 
(723)

2,348 

– 

– 

8,612 
– 
81 
(1,903)
–

6,790 
– 
(3,118)
– 

3,672 

8,587 
81 
(1,903)

6,765 
–
(3,118)

3,647 

25 

25 

Total
£’000

11,443 
569 
81 
(1,903)
(404)

9,786 
(208)
(3,841)
283 

6,020 

11,418 
246 
(1,903)

9,761 
75 
(3,841)

5,995 

25 

25 

In  April  2014,  the  Group  disposed  of  a  50%  interest  in  Inversiones  Petroleras  de  Colombia  SA
(“Invepetrol”),  incorporated  in  Colombia.  In  previous  years,  the  company  had  effective  control  of  the
operations and the results of the company’s operations were consolidated with the 50% no longer held
by  the  Group  being  shown  as  a  non-controlling  interest.  In  March  2017,  the  50%  partner,  CI
International Fuels of Colombia, took control of the board of Invepetrol and, as a result, the company
no  longer  has  operational  control  and  the  results  and  financial  position  of  that  company  have  been
deconsolidated.  It  is  expected  that  Invepetrol  will  be  liquidated  during  the  course  of  2018  and  the
company’s interest in that company has now been fully written off.

The  company  has  made  provision  on  the  the  investment  in  Gold  Oil  Peru  S.A.C.  of  £5,884,000 
(2016: £5,771,000).

Baron Oil Plc
Financial Report 31 December 2017

52

15 Notes to the Financial Statements

for the year ended 31 December 2017

13 Investments continued

The Company’s subsidiary undertakings at the year end were as follows:

Subsidiary/
controlled entity

Place of
incorporation
and operation

Proportion
of ownership
interest
% 

Proportion
of voting
power held
%

Method
used to
account for
investment

Nature of business

Gold Oil Peru S.A.C Peru

Gold Oil 
Caribbean Limited

Commonwealth of 
Dominica

Ayoopco Ltd (i)

England

100

100

100

All shareholdings are in ordinary, voting shares.

The results of subsidiaries is as follows:

Gold Oil Plc Sucursal Colombia
Aggregate capital and reserves 
Profit/(Loss) for the year

Gold Oil Peru S.A.C
Aggregate capital and reserves 
Profit/(Loss) for the year

Gold Oil Caribbean Limited
Aggregate capital and reserves 
Profit for the year

Ayoopco Ltd
Aggregate capital and reserves 
(Loss) for the year

Nexxus Energy Corporation
Aggregate capital and reserves 
Profit/(Loss) for the year

Inversiones Petroleras de Colombia SA
Aggregate capital and reserves 
Profit/(Loss) for the year

(i)

In the course of dissolution.

100

100

equity method

Exploration of oil and gas

equity method

Exploration of oil and gas

100

equity method

Exploration and 
production of oil and gas

2017
£’000

–
–

(672)
(2,162)

1,421 
–

–
–

–
–

–
–

2016
£’000

–
(11)

1,533 
(174)

1,705 
284

–
–

–
–

(1,472)
(512)

Baron Oil Plc
Financial Report 31 December 2017

53

15 Notes to the Financial Statements

for the year ended 31 December 2017

14 Trade and other receivables

Trade receivables
Other receivables
Short term loan
Amounts owed by subsidiary and 
associate undertakings
Prepayments and accrued income

2017

Group
£’000

Company
£’000

– 
10 
–

– 
8 

18 

– 
6 
– 

– 
8 

14 

Group
£’000

– 
314 
1,621 

– 
135 

2,070 

2016

Company
£’000

– 
153 
–

– 
9 

162 

15 Cash and cash equivalents

2017

2016

Bank current accounts
Bank deposit accounts

Group
£’000

1,183 
2,809 

3,992 

Company
£’000

1,183 
2,680 

3,863 

Group
£’000

2,074 
3,157 

5,231 

Company
£’000

2,074 
2,949 

5,023 

Bank deposit accounts comprise cash held by the Group and short-term bank deposits with an original
maturity  of  three  months  or  less  and  earn  interest  at  respective  short-term  deposit  rates.  The  carrying
amount of these assets approximates to their fair value.

As at 31 December 2017, bank deposits included £119,000 (2016: £3,073,000) that is being held as
a guarantee until the Group fulfills certain licence commitments in Peru and is not available for use. This
is not considered to be liquid cash and has therefore been excluded from the cash flow statement.

16 Trade and other payables

Bank loans and overdrafts
Trade payables
Other payables
Amounts owed to subsidiary and 
associate undertakings
Accruals and deferred income
Provisions
Taxation

2017

Group
£’000

Company
£’000

– 
9 
– 

– 
186 
–
812 

1,007 

– 
3 
– 

1,705 
104 
– 
7 

1,819 

17 Share capital

Allotted, called up and fully paid
Equity: 1,376,409,576 (2016: 1,376,409,576) 
ordinary shares of £0.00025 each

No shares were issued during the year.

Group
£’000

– 
99 
604 

– 
351 
–
1,502 

2,556 

2016

Company
£’000

– 
8 
– 

1,705 
103 
– 
11 

1,827 

2017
£’000

2016
£’000

344 

344 

Baron Oil Plc
Financial Report 31 December 2017

54

15 Notes to the Financial Statements

for the year ended 31 December 2017

18 Share premium and reserves

GROUP

At beginning of the year
Loss for the year attributable to 
controlling interests
Share based payments current year
Foreign exchange translation adjustments

COMPANY

At beginning of the year
Loss for the year 
Share based payments current year
Foreign exchange translation adjustments

Share
premium
account
£’000

30,237 

– 
–
– 

Share
option
reserve
£’000

81 

–
41
–

Foreign
exchange
translation
reserve
£’000

Profit
and loss
account
£’000

1,688 

(26,624)

– 
–
35 

(1,539)
–
– 

30,237 

122

1,723 

(28,163)

Share
premium
account
£’000

30,237 
– 
–
– 

30,237 

Share
option
reserve
£’000

81 
–
41
–

122

Foreign
exchange
translation
reserve
£’000

(163)
– 
–
– 

(163)

Profit
and loss
account
£’000

(26,550)
(1,342)
–
– 

(27,892)

Details  of  options  issued,  exercised  and  lapsed  during  the  year  together  with  options  outstanding  at 
31 December 2017 are as follows:

Issue date

Final exercise 
date

Exercise
price

1 January
2017
Number

New
issue Exercised
Number Number

Lapsed
Number

31 December
2017
Number

23 March 2015 23 March 2018 £0.0145 35,172,414 
7 July 2017

7 July 2010

£0.0035

–
– 41,000,000 

35,172,414 41,000,000

–
–

–

– 35,172,414
– 41,000,000 

– 76,172,414

Details  of  options  issued,  exercised  and  lapsed  during  the  year  together  with  options  outstanding  at 
31 December 2016 are as follows:

Issue date

Final exercise 
date

Exercise
price

1 January
2016

New
issue Exercised
Number Number Number

Lapsed
Number

31 December
2016
Number

27 January 2013
27 June 2013
27 June 2013
23 March 2015

27 January 2016 £0.0075 22,000,000
£0.0160 11,250,000 
27 June 2016
£0.0167
27 June 2016
2,990,431 
£0.0145 35,172,414 
23 March 2018

71,412,845

– 
– 
– 
– 

–

– 22,000,000 
– 11,250,000 
–
2,990,431 
–

– 
– 
– 
– 35,172,414 

– 36,240,431 35,172,414

Baron Oil Plc
Financial Report 31 December 2017

55

15 Notes to the Financial Statements

for the year ended 31 December 2017

19 Non-controlling interests

At beginning of the year
Deconsolidation of Inversiones Petroleras de Colombia SA (note 13)
Share of loss for the year

2017
£’000

347 
(347)
– 

– 

2016
£’000

603 
– 
(256)

347 

At the end of the year, 50% of the issued share capital of Inversiones Petroleras de Colombia SA was
held  by  CII  International  Fuels  Limited  ("CII").  In  March  2017,  CII  took  operational  control  over  the
underlying assets and, as a result, the operations of this company have been deconsolidated.

20 Share based payments

The fair values of the options granted have been calculated using Black-Scholes model assuming the
inputs shown below:

Grant date

Number of warrants granted
Share price at grant date
Exercise price at grant date
Option life
Risk free rate
Expected volatility
Expected dividend yield
Fair value of option

7 July
2017

41,000,000
0.35p
0.35p
3 years
1.40%
75%
0%
0.10p

The  options  will  not  normally  be  exercisable  during  a  closed  period,  and  furthermore  can  only  be
exercisable if the performance conditions are satisfied. Subsisting options will lapse no later than 3 years
after the date of grant. Options, which have vested immediately before either the death of a participant
or  his  ceasing  to  be  an  eligible  employee  by  reason  of  injury,  disability,  redundancy,  retirement  or
dismissal (otherwise than for good cause) shall remain, exercisable (to the extent vested) for 12 months
after such cessation, and all non-vested options shall lapse. 

21 Directors’ emoluments

Directors’ remuneration
Directors’ fees 
Share based payments

Highest paid director emoluments and other benefits are as listed below.

Remuneration
Share based payments

2017
£’000

243 
– 
41 

284 

2017
£’000

123
20

143

2016
£’000

297 
– 
– 

297 

2016
£’000

115
–

115

Baron Oil Plc
Financial Report 31 December 2017

56

15 Notes to the Financial Statements

for the year ended 31 December 2017

22 Financial instruments

The  Group’s  activities  expose  it  to  a  variety  of  financial  risks:  credit  risk,  cash  flow  interest  rate  risk,
foreign currency risk, liquidity risk, price risk and capital risk. The Group’s activities also expose it to non-
financial risks: market risk. The Group’s overall risk management programme focuses on unpredictability
and seeks to minimise the potential adverse effects on the Group’s financial performance. The Board,
on a regular basis, reviews key risks and, where appropriate, actions are taken to mitigate the key risks
identified.

Financial instruments – Risk Management
The Group is exposed through its operations to the following risks:

l

l

l

l

l

l

l

Credit risk
Cash flow interest rate risk
Foreign exchange risk
Liquidity risk
Price risk
Capital risk
Market risk

In common with all other businesses, the Group is exposed to risks that arise from its use of financial
instruments. This note describes the Group’s objectives, policies and processes for managing those risks
and  the  methods  used  to  measure  them.  Further  quantitative  information  in  respect  of  these  risks  is
presented throughout these financial statements.

There  have  been  no  substantive  changes  in  the  Group’s  exposure  to  financial  instrument  risks,  its
objectives, policies and processes for managing those risks or the methods used to measure them from
previous periods unless otherwise stated in this note.

Principal financial instruments
The principal financial instruments used by the Group, from which financial instrument risk arises are as
follows:

l

l

l

l

l

Loans and receivables
Trade and other receivables
Cash and cash equivalents
Short term investments
Trade and other payables

General objectives, policies and processes
The Board has overall responsibility for the determination of the Group’s risk management objectives
and policies and, whilst retaining responsibility for them it has delegated the authority for designing and
operating  processes  that  ensure  the  effective  implementation  of  the  objectives  and  policies  to  the
Group’s finance function. The Board receives regular updates from the Executive Directors through which
it reviews the effectiveness of the processes put in place and the appropriateness of the objectives and
policies it sets. The overall objective of the Board is to set policies that seek to reduce as far as possible
without  unduly  affecting  the  Group’s  competitiveness  and  flexibility.  Further  details  regarding  these
policies are set out below:

Baron Oil Plc
Financial Report 31 December 2017

57

15 Notes to the Financial Statements

for the year ended 31 December 2017

22 Financial instruments continued

Credit risk
The  Group’s  principal  financial  assets  are  bank  balances  and  cash,  trade  and  other  receivables.  The
credit risk on liquid funds is limited because the counterparties are banks with high credit ratings assigned
by international credit-rating agencies. The Group’s credit risk is primarily attributable to its trade. The
amounts presented in the statement of financial position are net of allowance for doubtful receivables.
An allowance for impairment is made where there is an identified loss event which, based on previous
experiences,  is  evidence  of  a  reduction  in  the  recoverability  of  the  cash  flows.  The  Group  has  no
significant concentration of credit risk, with exposure spread over a large number of counterparties and
customers.

As at 31 December 2017 the ageing analysis of trade receivables is as follows:

31 December 2017

31 December 2016

Neither past 
due nor
impaired
£’000

–

–

Total
£’000

–

198

Cash flow interest rate risk
The Group is exposed to cash flow interest rate risk from its deposits of cash and cash equivalents with
banks. The cash balances maintained by the Group are proactively managed in order to ensure that the
maximum level of interest is received for the available funds but without affecting the working capital
flexibility the Group requires.

The Group is not at present exposed to cash flow interest rate risk on borrowings as it has no significant
debt.  No  subsidiary  company  of  the  Group  is  permitted  to  enter  into  any  borrowing  facility  or  lease
agreement without the prior consent of the Company.

Interest rates on financial assets and liabilities
The Group’s financial assets consist of cash and cash equivalents, loans, trade and other receivables.
The interest rate profile at period end of these assets was as follows:

31 December 2017

UK sterling
US dollar (USD)
Colombian pesos (COP)
Peruvian Nuevo Sol (PEN)

Financial
assets on
which interest
earned
£’000

Financial
assets on
which interest
not earned 
£’000

–
2,798
–
–

2,798

763
445
–
4

1,212

Total
£’000

763
3,243
–
4

4,010

Baron Oil Plc
Financial Report 31 December 2017

58

15 Notes to the Financial Statements

for the year ended 31 December 2017

22 Financial instruments continued

Interest rates on financial assets and liabilities continued
31 December 2016

Financial
assets on
which interest
earned
£’000

UK sterling
US dollar (USD)
Colombian pesos (COP)
Peruvian Nuevo Sol (PEN)

6
3,073
48
–

3,127

Financial
assets on
which interest
not earned 
£’000

1,286
2,572
283
33

4,174

Total
£’000

1,292
5,645
331
33

7,301

The  Group  earned  interest  on  its  interest  bearing  financial  assets  at  rates  between  0.1%  and  3% 
(2016: 0.1% and 5%) during the period. 

A change in interest rates on the statement of financial position date would increase/(decrease) the equity
and the anticipated annual income or loss by the theoretical amounts presented below. The analysis is
made  on  the  assumption  that  the  rest  of  the  variables  remain  constant.  The  analysis  with  respect  to 
31 December 2016 was prepared under the same assumptions.

Instruments bearing variable interest (£’000)

31

(31)

Increase 
of 1.0%

Decrease
of 1.0%

Increase
of 1.0%

31

Decrease
of 1.0%

(31)

Change of 1.0% in the interest rate as of

31 December 2017

31 December 2016

It is considered that there have been no significant changes in cash flow interest rate risk at the reporting
date compared to the previous period end and that therefore this risk has had no material impact on
earnings or shareholders’ equity.

Foreign exchange risk
Foreign exchange risk arises because the Group has operations located in various parts of the world
whose functional currency is not the same as the functional currency in which other Group companies
are  operating.  Although  its  geographical  spread  reduces  the  Group’s  operation  risk,  the  Group’s  net
assets arising from such overseas operations are exposed to currency risk resulting in gains and losses
on retranslation into Sterling. Only in exceptional circumstances will the Group consider hedging its net
investments  in  overseas  operations,  as  generally  it  does  not  consider  that  the  reduction  in  foreign
currency exposure warrants the cash flow risk created from such hedging techniques. It is the Group’s
policy to ensure that individual Group entities enter into local transactions in their functional currency
wherever possible and that only surplus funds over and above working capital requirements should be
transferred to the parent company treasury. The Group considers this policy minimises any unnecessary
foreign exchange exposure.

In order to monitor the continuing effectiveness of this policy the Board, through its approval of both
corporate  and  capital  expenditure  budgets  and  review  of  the  currency  profile  of  cash  balances  and
management accounts, considers the effectiveness of the policy on an ongoing basis.

The following table discloses the major exchange rates of those currencies utilised by the Group:

Foreign currency units to £1 UK sterling (rounded)

Average for year ended 31 December 2017
At 31 December 2017
Average for year ended 31 December 2016
At 31 December 2016

USD

1.29
1.35
1.37
1.23

COP

–
–
4,117
3,669

PEN

4.14
4.17
4.49
4.06

Baron Oil Plc
Financial Report 31 December 2017

59

15 Notes to the Financial Statements

for the year ended 31 December 2017

22 Financial instruments continued

Liquidity risk
Liquidity  risk  arises  from  the  Group’s  management  of  working  capital  and  the  finance  charges  and
principal  repayments  on  its  debt  instruments.  It  is  the  risk  that  the  Group  will  encounter  difficulty  in
meeting its financial obligations as they fall due.

The Group’s policy is to ensure that it will always have sufficient cash to allow it to meet its liabilities when
they become due. To achieve this aim, it seeks to maintain readily available cash balances (or agreed
facilities) to meet expected requirements for a period of at least 60 days. The Group currently has no
long term borrowings.

Price risk
Oil and gas sales revenue is subject to energy market price risk. 

Given current production levels, it is not considered appropriate for the Group to enter into any hedging
activities or trade in any financial instruments, such as derivatives. This strategy will continue to be subject
to regular review.

It is considered that price risk of the Group at the reporting date has not increased compared to the
previous period end.

Volatility of crude oil prices
A material part of the Group’s revenue will be derived from the sale of oil that it expects to produce. A
substantial or extended decline in prices for crude oil and refined products could adversely affect the
Group’s  revenues,  cash  flows,  profitability  and  ability  to  finance  its  planned  capital  expenditure.  The
movement of WTI crude oil prices is shown below:

Per barrel – US$
Per barrel – £

31 December
2017

Average price
2017

31 December
2016

60
44

48
35

37
25

Oil  prices  are  dependent  on  a  number  of  factors  impacting  world  supply  and  demand.  Due  to  these
factors, oil prices may be subject to significant fluctuations from year to year. The Group’s normal policy
is  to  sell  its  products  under  contract  at  prices  determined  by  reference  to  prevailing  market  prices  on
international petroleum exchanges. However, these prices had no effect on on the Group’s results for
2017, since it had no production.

Capital risk
The  Group’s  objectives  when  managing  capital  are  to  safeguard  the  ability  to  continue  as  a  going
concern in order to provide returns for shareholders and benefits to other stakeholders and to maintain
an optimal capital structure to reduce the cost of capital.

Market risk
The market may not grow as rapidly as anticipated. The Group may lose customers to its competitors.
The Group’s major competitors may have significantly greater financial resources than those available
to the group. There is no certainty that the group will be able to achieve its projected levels of sales or
profitability.

Baron Oil Plc
Financial Report 31 December 2017

60

15 Notes to the Financial Statements

for the period ended 31 December 2017

23 Capital commitments

As of 31 December 2017, there were no capital commitments.

24 Contingent liabilities

The Group and the Company have given guarantees of US$160,000 (31 December 2016: US$3,760,000)
to Perupetro SA to fulfil licence commitments for block XXI and Z34. The Company has made provision
in respect of decommissioning costs of producing fields and there is the possibility of decommissioning
costs in respect of abandoned field which have yet to be quantified (if any) by the operator. Other than
that, the Company does not consider that there are any further contingent liabilities in this regard. 

25 Events after the reporting period

On  5  March  2018,  the  Company  executed  a  Farmout  Agreement  in  respect  of  UK  Offshore  Licence
P2235 (“the Wick Prospect”), and will pay 20% of the costs to earn a 15% interest in the licence. There
is a current commitment to pay £1,020,000.

Also on 5 March 2018, the Company executed a Farmout Agreement in respect of UK Offshore Licence
P1918 (“the Colter Prospect”), and will pay 6.67% of the costs of the Colter Well to earn a 5% interest in
P1918  and  UK  Onshore  licences  PEDL330  and  PEDL345.  There  is  a  current  commitment  to  pay
£490,000.

26 Ultimate controlling party

Baron Oil Plc is listed on the AIM market operated by the London Stock Exchange. At the date of the
Annual Report in the directors’ opinion there is no controlling party.

27 Related party transactions

Company
During the year, the Company advanced loans to its subsidiaries. The details of the transactions and the
amount owed by the subsidiaries at the year end were:

Gold Oil Peru S.A.C*
Inversiones Petroleras de Colombia SA**

Year ended
31 December 2017

Year ended
31 December 2016

Balance
£’000

2,348
723

Loan
advance
£’000

283
2 

Balance
£’000

2,276
721

Loan advance
(repayment)
£’000

(404)
–

*The Company has provided for an impairment of £2,348,000 (2016: £2,275,000) on the outstanding loans.

**During  the  year,  the  Company  has  written  off  its  investment.  In  2016,  the  Company  provided  for  an  impairment  of 

£721,000 on the outstanding loans.

Group and company
There were related party transactions in the year as follows:

The  company  paid  £nil  (2016:  £8,000)  for  services  rendered  by  GeoSolutions  Limited,  a  company
controlled by Dr M Butler, a director.

The  company  paid  £8,250  (2016:  £18,000)  for  services  rendered  by  Langley  Associates  Limited,  a
company controlled by Mr G Barnes, a director.

Baron Oil Plc
Financial Report 31 December 2017

61

Shareholder Notes
for the period ended 31 December 2017

Baron Oil Plc
Financial Report 31 December 2017

62

Shareholder Notes
for the period ended 31 December 2017

Baron Oil Plc
Financial Report 31 December 2017

63

Shareholder Notes
for the period ended 31 December 2017

Baron Oil Plc
Financial Report 31 December 2017

64

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