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Belluscura PLC
Annual Report 2020

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FY2020 Annual Report · Belluscura PLC
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Company Registration No. 09910883 

Belluscura plc 

Annual report and financial statements 

for the year 31 December 2020 

Belluscura plc 

Report and financial statements 2020 

Contents 

Page 

Officers and professional advisers  

Strategic report 

Directors’ report 

Statement of directors’ responsibilities in respect of the Strategic Report, the Directors’ Report and the 
Financial Statements  

Independent Auditor’s report to the members of Belluscura plc 

Consolidated Statement of Profit and Loss and other Comprehensive Income 

Consolidated Balance sheet 

Company Balance sheet 

Consolidated Statement of Changes in Equity 

Company Statement of Changes in Equity 

Consolidated Statement of cash flows 

1 

2-3 

4-5 

6 

7-9 

10 

11 

12 

13 

14 

15 

Notes to the accounts 

16-38 

 
 
 
 
 
Belluscura plc  

Report and financial statements 2020 

Officers and professional advisers  

Robert Rauker 
Anthony Stephen Dyer 

Registered Office 

15 Fetter Lane 
Holborn 
London 
EC4A 1BW 

Auditor 

KPMG LLP 
Gateway House 
Tollgate 
Chandler's Ford 
Eastleigh 
Southampton  
SO53 3TG 

Banks 

Barclays Bank Plc 
1 Churchill Place 
London 
E14 5HP 

Comerica Bank 
PO Box 650282 
Dallas 
Texas  
TX 75265-0282 

Solicitor 

DWF 
20 Fenchurch Street 
London 
EC3M 3AG 

1 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Belluscura plc  

Strategic report for the year ended 31 December 2020 

The Directors present their strategic report on the Group for the year ended 31 December 2020. 

The principal activity of the parent company is that of a holding management company and that of the Group is to develop and 
commercialise  in  oxygen  related  medical  device  products.  This  is  achieved  by  using  its  proprietary  oxygen  enrichment 
technologies to advance the use of oxygen in medical products.    

Review of the Business 

Belluscura is a private English company founded on the principle of making healthcare both more affordable and more available 
while returning a strong profit to our shareholders.  

In February 2017, the Company entered into a co-exclusive license and development agreement with Separation Design Group 
(“SDG”) to complete the development of the X-PLORTM, a portable oxygen concentrator, used to deliver concentrated oxygen 
to a patient requiring oxygen therapy. Belluscura and SDG delivered a working prototype within five months of acquiring the 
X-PLORTM license. X-PLORTM received 510k clearance from the FDA on 2 March 2021. The Company expect to launch the 
product in H1 2021. 

The Company has also developed follow-on products for the X-PLORTM range of oxygen concentrators, the X-PLOR CXTM and 
X-PLOR DXTM,  which will target the same oxygen markets and believe they can commercialise these products in H2 2021 and 
H1 2022 respectively. The Company continues to work on other oxygen enrichment technologies in complementary markets. 

The Company has taken the strategic decision to focus purely on the oxygen enrichment marketplace and divested its existing 
products in 2019.  The Company retains the licence to the SNAP IIITM with a view to exploring future commercialisation 
opportunities, but due to the uncertainty of timescales, it has fully impaired this licence. 

As the business mainly operates in the US through its subsidiary Belluscura LLC the Company does not perceive any near 
term risk of Brexit impacting the Group. 

Current Trading and Outlook 

The Directors believe that the major opportunities lie with the X-PLORTM and complementary technologies. 

The Directors believe that X-PLORTM, when launched, will provide significant growth for the Group. It is expected that the 
longer-term  health  impact of the  Covid-19  pandemic  will  increase  demand  for  long  term  oxygen  therapy  and  accelerate  the 
growth in the market. Forecast of the supplementary oxygen market now expected it to reach $5.74bn by 2026. 

The Directors believe the Group has made solid progress in achieving its mission. 

Financial review 

The Group is still in its early stages of development. Funds raised from investors are being applied to pursuing our strategic 
objectives. We continue to be primarily focussed on completing the X-PLORTM.  

Group sales for the period to 31 December 2020 were US $nil (2019: $128,701) with losses of US $1,978,145 (2019: $1,551,996). 
Group net assets at the end of the period were US $4,668,864 (2019: $3,727,929).  

Principal Risks and Uncertainties 

The Group actively considers and manages its risks. The Directors consider the following areas of business and operational risk 
and details how this risk is managed or mitigated: 

•  Generating revenue. The Group was formed in 2015 and is still in start-up phase. Having divested its existing products in 
2019, the Group’s focus is on the commercialisation of X-PLORTM in H2 2021 Management performs regular reviews of 
the sector to ensure it is targeting large markets.  

•  Successful product development. The Group received FDA 510k clearance for X-PLORTM on 2 March 2021. The Group’s 

follow-on products are in advanced development and are based upon the same technology as X-PLORTM.  

•  Credit risk. The Group’s principal financial assets are cash, and trade and other receivables.  The Group monitors receivables 
and should any be the subject of an identified loss event, allowance is made for impairment if required. At the end of the 
period the Group had no customers. The credit risk on liquid funds is limited because the counterparties are banks with high 
credit-ratings assigned by international credit-rating agencies. Further, apart from intercompany consolidated transactions 
the Group has no current debt outstanding. 

2 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Belluscura plc  

•  Liquidity risk. To support expansion plans for future development, the Group regularly reviews its financing arrangements 

and cash flows to ensure there is sufficient funding in place.  

•  Foreign exchange risk. As the Group holds Sterling cash deposits and reports its financial performance in US Dollars, this 
exposes the Group to a potential unrealised currency risk on its Sterling bank balances. This relates to the raising of capital 
in the United Kingdom. The Directors review this exposure on a regular basis.  

COVID-19 

The Board have reviewed and assessed the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the Group. This did result in the FDA 
clearance process being elongated, however clearance was received on 2 March 2021. The longer-term impact on oxygen 
requirements for recovering COVID-19 patients is yet unknown, however the Group believes that there will be increased 
demand for oxygen related devices globally. The Group will continue to develop innovative advanced oxygen solutions. 

Analysis of Financial and non-Financial Key Performance Indicators 

The Board continues to monitor performance regularly throughout the year by reviewing a range of key performance indicators.  

These include revenue growth, progress towards operational break even, and expenditure control against budget.    

The Directors expect further improvement in performance in future periods as it achieves success in the Group’s strategy to 
launch its products and grow through continual investment. 

By Order of the Board 

A S Dyer 

Chief Financial Officer 

27 April 2021 

3 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Belluscura plc  

Directors’ report for the year ended 31 December 2020 

The Directors present their annual report and the audited financial statements for the year ended 31 December 2020. 

Research and development 

The Group continues to invest in the development of the X-PLORTM range of products. 

Proposed dividend 

No dividend was paid or was proposed during the period ended 31 December 2020. 

Directors 

The following Directors held office during the period, and to the date of this report. 
Robert Rauker 
Anthony Stephen Dyer 

(appointed 18 August 2016) 
(appointed 13 November 2017) 

Going concern 

In adopting the going concern basis for preparing the financial statements, the directors have considered the principal activities 
as well as the business risks as set out on pages 2 to 3. 

The Group made a loss of US $1,978,145 in the period to 31 December 2020 (2019: loss of US $1,551,996). At the balance sheet 
date the Group had net assets of US $4,668,864 (2019: US $3,727,929) and utilised net operating cash outflows of $1,470,773 
(2019: US $1,002,377).  

The Company raises the funds required for the Group’s activities and has successfully undertaken several Private Funding rounds 
raising over $13,500,000 to date to support the Group. During the reporting period, funding rounds raised approximately $2.7m. 
This  cash  has  allowed  the  Group  to  continue  to  trade,  complete  FDA  510k  clearance  of  the  X-PLORTM  portable  oxygen 
concentrator and continue the development of its follow-on products, the X-PLORTM CX and the X-PLORTM DX portable oxygen 
concentrators. The Company is targeting commercial launch of X-PLORTM in H1 2021. 

Since the period end the Group has raised $2.7m equity from new and existing shareholders which will allow the business to 
continue to trade. Further equity fundraising is planned in 2021 to support the commercial launch of X-PLORTM. The Group has 
a number of private shareholders who have been supportive during all fundraisings to date and believe that, given FDA clearance 
of X-PLORTM, they will continue to be supportive. As with any company placing reliance on shareholders for financial support, 
the directors acknowledge that there can be no certainty that this support will continue although, at the date of approval of these 
financial statements, they have no reason to believe that it will not do so. 

The Group expects that due to the close link of the COVID-19 virus to Oxygen Therapy requirements the prospects for the Group 
going forward to be enhanced by an increase in the requirement for Oxygen related products. 

The Group’s forecasts and projections, including the intention to raise further funds on the public markets to commercialise the 
X-PLORTM, indicate that the Group has sufficient cash reserves to operate within the level of its current facilities for a period of 
12  months  from  the  date  of  approval  of  the  financial  statements.  The  Group's  forecasts  and  projections,  taking  account  of 
reasonably possible downsides in trading performance and development costs/timelines, and the risks to these projections (set 
out  in  the  Principal  Risks  and  Uncertainties  section  of  the  Group  Strategic  Report  on  Page  3)  have  been  considered  in  the 
assessment of these forecasts. 

Whilst the directors expect that further equity raising will be successful, to the extent it is not, the directors believe that the most 
likely alternative will be to curtail its operations, halt development and delay commercialisation whilst looking for alternative 
source of funding. In the unlikely situation where this is also unsuccessful, the Group may cease further development of the X-
PLORTM range and seek potential purchasers of the company or the IP intrinsically linked to the X-PLORTM, in which case the 
application of the going concern basis of preparation may be inappropriate. 

Based on the above, the directors believe it remains appropriate to prepare the financial statements on a going concern basis. 
However, these circumstances represent a material uncertainty that may cast significant doubt upon the group and company’s 
ability to continue as a going concern and, therefore to continue realising its assets and discharging its liabilities in the normal 
course of business.  The financial statements do not include any adjustments that would result from the basis of preparation being 
inappropriate.  

4 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Belluscura plc  

Directors’ report for the year ended 31 December 2020 (continued) 

Political contributions 

Neither the Company nor any subsidiaries made any political donations or incurred any political expenditure during the period. 

Remuneration report (this is a voluntary unaudited disclosure note) 

Directors’ Emoluments 

Period to 31 December 2020 

Robert Rauker 
Anthony Dyer 

Period to 31 December 2019 

Robert Rauker 
Anthony Dyer 

Directors’ beneficial interests in shares 

Robert Rauker 
Anthony Dyer 

Disclosure of information to auditor 

Salary & 
fees 
US $ 
200,000 
170,310 
370,310 

Salary & 
fees 
US $ 
185,000 
142,804 
327,804 

Benefits 
in kind 
US $ 
31,105 
2,920 
34,025 

Benefits 
in kind 
US $ 
33,666 
2,534 
36,200 

Pension 

US $ 
- 
- 
- 

Pension 

US $ 
- 
- 
- 

2020 
Total 
US $ 
231,105 
173,230 
404,335 

2019 
Total 
US $ 
218,666 
145,338 
364,004 

As at 31 
December 
2020 
No of Shares 
1,176,628 
636,941 

As at 31 
December 
2019 
No of Shares 
1,016,628 
636,941 

The directors who held office at the date of approval of this directors’ report confirm that, so far as they are each aware, there is 
no relevant audit information of which the company’s auditor is unaware; and each director has taken all the steps that he ought 
to have taken as a director to make himself aware of any relevant audit information and to establish that the company’s auditor 
is aware of that information.  

Other information 

An indication of likely future developments in the business and particulars of significant events which have occurred since the 
end of the financial year have been included in the Strategic Report on page 2. 

Auditor 

In accordance with Section 489 of the Companies Act 2006, a resolution for the re-appointment of KPMG LLP as auditor of the 
company is to be proposed at the forthcoming Annual General Meeting.  

By order of the Board of Directors and signed on behalf of the Board 

Robert Rauker  

Chief Executive Officer 
27 April 2021 

5 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Belluscura plc  

Statement of directors’ responsibilities in respect of the Strategic Report, the Directors’ Report and 
the Financial Statements   

The  directors  are  responsible  for  preparing  the  Strategic  Report,  the  Directors’  Report  and  the  group  and  parent  company 
financial statements in accordance with applicable law and regulations.   

Company law requires the directors to prepare group and parent company financial statements for each financial year.  Under 
that  law  they  have  elected  to  prepare  the  group  financial  statements  in  accordance  with  International  Financial  Reporting 
Standards as adopted by the European Union (IFRSs as adopted by the EU) and applicable law and have elected to prepare the 
parent company financial statements in accordance with UK accounting standards and applicable law (UK Generally Accepted 
Accounting Practice), including FRS 101 Reduced Disclosure Framework.   

Under company law the directors must not approve the financial statements unless they are satisfied that they give a true and fair 
view of the state of affairs of the group and parent company and of their profit or loss for that period.  In preparing each of the 
group and parent company financial statements, the directors are required to:   

select suitable accounting policies and then apply them consistently;   

• 
•  make judgements and estimates that are reasonable, relevant, reliable and prudent;   
• 
• 

for the group financial statements, state whether they have been prepared in accordance with IFRSs as adopted by the EU; 
for the parent company financial statements, state whether applicable UK accounting standards have been followed, subject 
to any material departures disclosed and explained in the financial statements;   
assess the group and parent company’s ability to continue as a going concern, disclosing, as applicable, matters related to 
going concern; and   
use the going concern basis of accounting unless they either intend to liquidate the group or the parent company or to cease 
operations or have no realistic alternative but to do so.   

• 

• 

The  directors  are  responsible  for  keeping  adequate  accounting  records  that  are  sufficient  to  show  and  explain  the  parent 
company’s  transactions  and  disclose  with  reasonable  accuracy  at  any  time  the  financial position  of  the parent  company  and 
enable them to ensure that its financial statements comply with the Companies Act 2006.  They are responsible for such internal 
control as they determine is necessary to enable the preparation of financial statements that are free from material misstatement, 
whether due to fraud or error, and have general responsibility for taking such steps as are reasonably open to them to safeguard 
the assets of the group and to prevent and detect fraud and other irregularities.  

6 

 
 
 
 
 
Independent auditor’s report to the members of Belluscura plc  

Opinion   

We  have  audited  the  financial  statements  of  Belluscura  plc  (“the  company”)  for  the  year  ended  31  December  2020  which 
comprise  the  Consolidated  Statement  of  Profit  and  Loss  and  Other  Comprehensive  Income,  Consolidated  Balance  Sheet, 
Company Balance Sheet, Consolidated Statement of Changes in Equity, Company Statement of Changes in Equity, Consolidated 
Statement of Cashflows and related notes, including the accounting policies in note 2.   

In our opinion:   
• 

the financial statements give a true and fair view of the state of the group’s and of the parent company’s affairs as at 31 
December 2020 and of the group’s loss for the year then ended;   
the  group  financial  statements  have  been  properly  prepared  in  accordance  with  international  accounting  standards  in 
conformity with the requirements of the Companies Act 2006;   
the  parent  company  financial  statements  have  been  properly  prepared  in  accordance  with  UK  accounting  standards, 
including FRS 101 Reduced Disclosure Framework; and   
the financial statements have been prepared in accordance with the requirements of the Companies Act 2006.   

• 

• 

• 

Basis for opinion   

We conducted our audit in accordance with International Standards on Auditing (UK) (“ISAs (UK)”) and applicable law.  Our 
responsibilities are described below.  We have fulfilled our ethical responsibilities under, and are independent of the group in 
accordance with, UK ethical requirements including the FRC Ethical Standard.  We believe that the audit evidence we have 
obtained is a sufficient and appropriate basis for our opinion.   

Material Uncertainty Related to Going Concern 

We draw attention to Note 2.1.2 to the financial statements, which indicates that the group and company’s ability to continue as 
a going concern is dependent on a further equity fundraise in 2021. These events and conditions, along with the other matters 
explained in note 2.1.2, constitute a material uncertainty that may cast significant doubt on the group’s and the parent company’s 
ability to continue as a going concern.  

Our opinion is not modified in respect of this matter. 

Going concern   

The directors have prepared the financial statements on the going concern basis. As stated above, they have concluded that a 
material uncertainty related to going concern exists. 

Based on our financial statements audit work, we consider that the directors’ use of the going concern basis of accounting in the 
preparation of the financial statements is appropriate. 

In our evaluation of the directors’ conclusions, we considered the inherent risks to the group’s business model and analysed how 
those risks might affect the group and company’s financial resources or ability to continue operations over the going concern 
period. 

Our conclusions based on this work: 

•  we consider that the directors’ use of the going concern basis of accounting in the preparation of the financial statements is 

appropriate; 

•  we  have  identified,  and  concur  with  the  directors’  assessment  that  there  is,  a  material  uncertainty  related  to  events  or 
conditions that, individually or collectively, may cast significant doubt on the group or the company's ability to continue as 
a going concern for the going concern period. 

However,  as  we  cannot  predict  all  future  events  or  conditions  and  as  subsequent  events  may  result  in  outcomes  that  are 
inconsistent with judgements that were reasonable at the time they were made, the above conclusions are not a guarantee that 
the group or the company will continue in operation 

7 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Independent auditor’s report to the members of Belluscura plc (continued) 

Fraud and breaches of laws and regulations – ability to detect 

Identifying and responding to risks of material misstatement due to fraud 

To identify risks of material misstatement due to fraud (“fraud risks”) we assessed events or conditions that could indicate an 
incentive or pressure to commit fraud or provide an opportunity to commit fraud. Our risk assessment procedures included: 

•  Enquiring  of  directors  and  inspection  of  policy  documentation  as  to  the  Group’s/Company’s  high-level  policies  and 

procedures to prevent and detect fraud, as well as whether they have knowledge of any actual, suspected or alleged fraud. 

•  Reading Board/ general meeting minutes. 

•  Considering remuneration incentive schemes for management/ directors. 

•  Using analytical procedures to identify any unusual or unexpected relationships. 

We communicated identified fraud risks throughout the audit team and remained alert to any indications of fraud throughout the 
audit  

As required by auditing standards, and our overall knowledge of the control environment, we perform procedures to address the 
risk of management override of controls, in particular the risk that Group/ Company management may be in a position to make 
inappropriate accounting entries and the risk of bias in accounting estimates and judgements such as provision for impairment 
of intangibles and provision of intercompany receivables in the parent’s Company books. On this audit we do not believe there 
is a fraud risk related to revenue recognition because of Nil revenue. 

We did not identify any additional fraud risks. 

In determining the audit procedures we took into account the results of our evaluation and testing of the operating effectiveness 
of some of the Group/Company-wide fraud risk management controls. 

We also performed procedures including:  

• 

Identifying journal entries to test based on risk criteria and comparing the identified entries to supporting documentation. 
These included those posted to unusual accounts. 

Identifying and responding to risks of material misstatement due to non-compliance with laws and regulations 

We identified areas of laws and regulations that could reasonably be expected to have a material effect on the financial statements 
from our general commercial and sector experience and through discussion with the directors (as required by auditing standards), 
and discussed with the directors the policies and procedures regarding compliance with laws and regulations.   

As  the  Group/Company  is  regulated,  our  assessment  of  risks  involved  gaining  an  understanding  of  the  control  environment 
including the entity’s procedures for complying with regulatory requirements.  

We communicated identified laws and regulations throughout our team and remained alert to any indications of non-compliance 
throughout the audit.   

The potential effect of these laws and regulations on the financial statements varies considerably. 

The Group/Company is subject to laws and regulations that directly affect the financial statements including financial reporting 
legislation (including related companies legislation), distributable profits legislation, and taxation legislation and we assessed 
the extent of compliance with these laws and regulations as part of our procedures on the related financial statement items.   

Whilst the Group/Company is subject to many other laws and regulations, we did not identify any others where the consequences 
of non-compliance alone could have a material effect on amounts or disclosures in the financial statement 

Context of the ability of the audit to detect fraud or breaches of law or regulation 

Owing  to  the  inherent  limitations  of  an  audit,  there  is  an  unavoidable  risk  that  we  may  not  have  detected  some  material 
misstatements in the financial statements, even though we have properly planned and performed our audit in accordance with 
auditing  standards.  For  example,  the  further  removed  non-compliance  with  laws  and  regulations  is  from  the  events  and 
transactions reflected in the financial statements, the less likely the inherently limited procedures required by auditing standards 
would identify it.   

In addition, as with any audit, there remained a higher risk of non-detection of fraud, as these may involve collusion, forgery, 
intentional  omissions,  misrepresentations,  or  the  override  of  internal  controls.  Our  audit  procedures  are  designed  to  detect 
material misstatement. We are not responsible for preventing non-compliance or fraud and cannot be expected to detect non-
compliance with all laws and regulations. 

8 

 
 
 
 
Independent auditor’s report to the members of Belluscura plc (continued) 

Strategic report and directors’ report   

The directors are responsible for the strategic report and the directors’ report.  Our opinion on the financial statements does not 
cover those reports and we do not express an audit opinion thereon.   

Our responsibility is to read the strategic report and the directors’ report and, in doing so, consider whether, based on our financial 
statements audit work, the information therein is materially misstated or inconsistent with the financial statements or our audit 
knowledge.  Based solely on that work:   

•  we have not identified material misstatements in the strategic report and the directors’ report;   
• 
• 

in our opinion the information given in those reports for the financial period is consistent with the financial statements; and   
in our opinion those reports have been prepared in accordance with the Companies Act 2006.   

Matters on which we are required to report by exception   

Under the Companies Act 2006, we are required to report to you if, in our opinion:   

• 

adequate accounting records have not been kept by the parent company, or returns adequate for our audit have not been 
received from branches not visited by us; or   
• 
the parent company financial statements are not in agreement with the accounting records and returns; or   
• 
certain disclosures of directors’ remuneration specified by law are not made; or   
•  we have not received all the information and explanations we require for our audit.   
We have nothing to report in these respects.   

Directors’ responsibilities   

As explained more fully in their statement set out on page 6, the directors are responsible for: the preparation of the financial 
statements and for being satisfied that they give a true and fair view; such internal control as they determine is necessary to 
enable the preparation of financial statements that are free from material misstatement, whether due to fraud or error; assessing 
the group and parent company’s ability to continue as a going concern, disclosing, as applicable, matters related to going concern; 
and using the going concern basis of accounting unless they either intend to liquidate the group or the parent company or to cease 
operations, or have no realistic alternative but to do so.   

Auditor’s responsibilities   

Our  objectives  are  to  obtain  reasonable  assurance  about  whether  the  financial  statements  as  a  whole  are  free  from  material 
misstatement, whether due to fraud or error, and to issue our opinion in an auditor’s report.  Reasonable assurance is a high level 
of  assurance,  but  does  not  guarantee  that  an  audit  conducted  in  accordance  with  ISAs  (UK)  will  always  detect  a  material 
misstatement  when  it  exists.    Misstatements  can  arise  from  fraud  or  error  and  are  considered  material  if,  individually  or  in 
aggregate, they could reasonably be expected to influence the economic decisions of users taken on the basis of the financial 
statements.   

A fuller description of our responsibilities is provided on the FRC’s website at www.frc.org.uk/auditorsresponsibilities.   

The purpose of our audit work and to whom we owe our responsibilities   

This report is made solely to the company’s members, as a body, in accordance with Chapter 3 of Part 16 of the Companies Act 
2006.  Our audit work has been undertaken so that we might state to the company’s members those matters we are required to 
state to them in an auditor’s report and for no other purpose.  To the fullest extent permitted by law, we do not accept or assume 
responsibility to anyone other than the company and the company’s members, as a body, for our audit work, for this report, or 
for the opinions we have formed.   

William Smith (Senior Statutory Auditor)  
for and on behalf of KPMG LLP, Statutory Auditor   
Chartered Accountants  
Gateway House, Tollgate, Chandler's Ford, 
Eastleigh, Southampton. SO53 3TG 

27 April 2021 

9 

 
 
 
 
 
 
Belluscura plc  

Consolidated Statement of Profit and Loss and Other Comprehensive Income 
For the year ended 31 December 2020 

Group 

Continuing Operations 
Revenue 
Cost of sales 
Gross Profit/(Loss) 

Other operating income 
Administrative expenses 
Operating Loss 

Finance costs 

Finance costs - net 

Loss before income tax 

Income tax expense 

Note 

5 

6.1a 
6.1b 

8 

9 

Loss after tax for the period 

Other comprehensive income 
Items that are or may be reclassified subsequently to profit or loss: 
Foreign currency translation differences – foreign operations 
Total other comprehensive income 

Total comprehensive loss for the period 
attributable to the equity holders  

Year ended 
31 December 
2020 
US $ 

Year ended 31 
December 
2019 
US $ 

- 
- 
- 

128,701 
(114,385) 
14,316 

11,493 
(1,956,682) 
(1,945,189) 

44,368 
(1,573,479) 
(1,514,795) 

(32,956) 

(37,201) 

(32,956) 

(37,201) 

(1,978,145) 

(1,551,996) 

- 

- 

(1,978,145) 

(1,551,996) 

391,737 
391,737 

373,742 
373,742 

(1,586,408) 

(1,178,254) 

The Group has used the exemption under S408 CA 2006 not to disclose the company income statement. 

Items in the statement above are disclosed net of tax. 

The notes on pages 16 to 38 are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements. 

10 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Belluscura plc  

Consolidated Balance Sheet 
At 31 December 2020 

Group 

Note 

Assets 
Non-current assets 
Tangible assets 
Intangible assets 
Product development 
Right to use asset 

Current assets 
Trade and other receivables 
Cash and cash equivalents 

Total assets 

Current liabilities 
Trade and other payables 

Non-current liabilities 
Trade and other payables 

Total liabilities 

Net assets 

Equity attributable to the owners of the 
parent 
Share capital 
Share premium 
Capital contribution 
Retained earnings 
Translation reserve 

Total equity 

11 
12 
12 
11 

14 
15 

19 

19 

17 
17 
18 
18 
18 

As at 
 31 December 
2020 
US $ 

As at 
 31 December 
2019 
US $ 

13,818 
- 
4,129,660 
375,852 
4,519,330 

22,361 
- 
2,935,228 
473,901 
3,431,490 

197,653 
520,070 
717,723 

64,575 
1,033,512 
1,098,087 

5,237,053 

4,529,577 

(230,136) 
(230,136) 

(385,325) 
(385,325) 

(338,053) 
(338,053) 

(416,323) 
(416,323) 

(568,189) 

(801,648) 

4,668,864 

3,727,929 

823,201 
556,683 
165,000 
2,687,361 
436,619 

648,298 
5,714,678 
165,000 
(2,844,929) 
44,882 

4,668,864 

3,727,929 

The notes on pages 16 to 38 are an integral part of these financial statements. 

The financial statements on pages 10 to 38 were authorised for issue by the Board of Directors on 27 April 2021 and were signed 
on its behalf. 

Robert Rauker 
Chief Executive Officer 

A S Dyer 
Chief Financial Officer 

Belluscura plc 
registered number 09910883  

11 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Belluscura plc  

Company Balance Sheet 

At 31 December 2020 

Company 

Note 

Assets 
Non-current assets 
Intangible assets 
Investment in subsidiaries 
Trade and other receivables 

Current assets 
Trade and other receivables 
Cash and cash equivalents 

Total assets 

Current liabilities 
Trade and other payables 

Total liabilities 

Net assets 

Equity attributable to the owners of the 
parent 
Share capital 
Share premium 
Capital contribution 
Retained earnings 
Translation reserve 

Total equity 

12 
10 
14 

14 
15 

19 

17 
17 
18 
18 
18 

As at 
 31 December 
2020 
US $ 

As at 
 31 December 
2019 
US $ 

- 
10 
6,245,745 
6,245,755 

- 
10 
4,678,768 
4,678,778 

187,681 
317,606 
505,287 

8,955 
814,424 
823,379 

6,751,042 

5,502,157 

(62,907) 
(62,907) 

(84,004) 
(84,004)  

(62,907) 

(84,004) 

6,688,135 

5,418,153 

823,201 
556,683 
165,000 
4,706,632 
436,619 

648,298 
5,714,678 
165,000 
(1,154,705) 
44,882 

6,688,135 

5,418,153 

The notes on pages 16 to 38 are an integral part of these financial statements. 

The financial statements on pages 10 to 38 were authorised for issue by the Board of Directors on 27 April 2021 and were signed 
on its behalf. 

Robert Rauker 
Chief Executive Officer 

Belluscura plc 
registered number 09910883  

A S Dyer 
Chief Financial Officer 

12 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Belluscura plc  

Consolidated Statement of Changes in Equity  
For the year ended 31 December 2020 

Attributable to equity holders of the parent company 

Group 
Balance at 31 December 2018 
Issue of ordinary shares 
Reduction in capital 

Loss for the period 
Other comprehensive income 
Total comprehensive income 

Share based payments 

Note 

17 

18 
18 

18 

Ordinary 
Shares 
US $ 
456,107 
192,191 
- 

Share Premium 
US $ 

3,304,432 
2,410,246 
- 

- 
- 
- 

- 

- 
- 
- 

- 

Translation 
Reserve 
US $ 
(328,860) 
- 
- 

- 
373,742 
373,742 

- 

Capital 
Contribution 

US $ 
165,000 
- 
- 

- 
- 
- 

- 

Retained 
earnings 
US $ 
(1,298,819) 
- 
- 

(1,551,996) 
- 
(1,551,996) 

Total  

US $ 
2,297,860 
2,602,437 
- 

(1,551,996) 
373,742 
(1,178,254) 

5,886 

5,886 

Balance at 31 December 2019 

648,298 

5,714,678 

44,882 

165,000 

(2,844,929) 

3,727,929 

Balance at 31 December 2019 
Issue of ordinary shares 
Reduction in capital 

Loss for the period 
Other comprehensive income 
Total comprehensive income 

Share based payments 

17 

18 
18 

18 

648,298 
174,903 
- 

5,714,678 
2,233,896 
(7,391,891) 

- 
- 
- 

- 

- 
- 
- 

- 

44,882 
- 
- 

- 
391,737 
391,737 

- 

165,000 
- 
- 

(2,844,929) 
- 
7,391,891 

3,727,929 
2,408,799 
- 

- 
- 
- 

- 

(1,978,145) 
- 
(1,978,145) 

(1,978,145) 
391,737 
(1,586,408) 

  118,544 

118,544 

Balance at 31 December 2020 

823,201 

556,683 

436,619 

165,000 

2,687,361 

4,668,864 

There is no impact to the reserves of the Group through adoption of IFRS16. 

The notes on pages 16 to 38 are an integral part of these financial statements. 

13 

 
 
                                     
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Belluscura plc  

Company Statement of Changes in Equity  
For the period ended 31 December 2020 

Company 

Balance at 31 December 2018 
Issue of ordinary shares 
Reduction in capital 

Loss for the period 
Other comprehensive income 
Total comprehensive income 

Share based payments 

Note 

17 

18 
18 

18 

                                    Attributable to owners of the parent company 

Ordinary 
Shares 
US $ 

456,107 
192,191 
- 

Share Premium 
US $ 

Translation 
Reserve 
US $ 

3,304,432 
2,410,246 
- 

(328,828) 
- 
- 

Capital 
Contributio
n 
US $ 
165,000 
- 
- 

Retained 
earnings 
US $ 

31,485 
- 
- 

Total Equity 
US $ 

3,628,196 
2,602,437 
- 

- 
- 
- 

- 

- 
- 
- 

- 

- 
373,710 
373,710 

- 

- 
- 
- 

- 

(1,192,076) 
- 
(1,192,076) 

(1,192,076) 
373,710 
(818,366) 

5,886 

5,886 

Balance at 31 December 2019 

648,298 

5,714,678 

44,882 

165,000 

(1,154,705) 

5,418,153 

Balance at 31 December 2019 
Issue of ordinary shares 
Reduction in capital 

Loss for the period 
Other comprehensive income 
Total comprehensive income 

Share based payments 

17 

18 
18 

18 

648,298 
174,903 
- 

5,714,678 
2,233,896 
(7,391,891) 

44,882 
- 
- 

165,000 
- 
- 

(1,154,705) 
- 
7,391,891 

5,418,153 
2,408,799 
- 

- 
- 
- 

- 

- 
- 
- 

- 

- 
391,737 
391,737 

- 

- 
- 
- 

- 

(1,649,098) 
- 
(1,649,098) 

(1,649,098) 
391,737 
(1,257,361) 

118,544 

118,544 

Balance at 31 December 2020 

823,201 

556,683 

436,619 

165,000 

4,706,632 

6,688,135 

The notes on pages 16 to 38 are an integral part of these financial statements. 

14 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Belluscura plc  

Consolidated Statement of cash flows 
For the period ended 31 December 2020 

Group 

Note 

Cash flows from operating activities 
Cash generated from operations 
Taxation paid 

Net cash used in operating activities 

Cash flows from investing activities 
Purchases of property, plant and equipment 
Intangible assets under development 
Sale of product licence 
Net cash used in investing activities 

Cash flows from financing activities 
Proceeds from issuance of ordinary shares (net) 
Lease Payments 
Net cash generated from financing activities 

Net (decrease)/increase in cash and cash 
equivalents 
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period 
Exchange loss on cash and cash equivalents 

23 

11 
12 

17 
21 

For the 
period ended 
 31 December 
2020 
US $ 

For the period 
ended 
 31 December 
2019 
US $ 

(1,470,773) 
- 
- 
(1,470,773) 

(1,002,377) 
- 

(1,002,377) 

- 
(1,194,432) 
- 
(1,194,432) 

(2,547) 
(1,120,285) 
44,368 
(1,078,464) 

2,251,774 
(118,859) 
2,132,915 

2,655,751 
(105,348) 
2,550,403 

(532,290) 
1,033,512 
18,848 

469,562 
532,248 
31,702     

Cash and cash equivalents at end of period 

520,070 

1,033,512 

The notes on pages 16 to 38 are an integral part of these financial statements. 

15 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Belluscura plc  

Notes to the accounts 
For the year ended 31 December 2020 

1. 

General Information 

Belluscura plc is a company incorporated in England and Wales and domiciled in the UK. Company Registration No. 
09910883. On 28 November 2017 the company changed its name from Belluscura Limited to Belluscura plc. The address 
of the registered office is detailed on page 1 of these financial statements.  

The principal accounting policies applied in the preparation of these consolidated financial statements are set out below. 
These policies have been consistently applied, unless otherwise stated. 

2. 

Accounting Policies 

2.1   Statement of compliance 

The group financial statements consolidate those of the Company and its subsidiaries (together referred to as the “Group”).  
The parent company financial statements present information about the Company as a separate entity and not about its 
group. 

The  group  financial  statements  have  been  prepared  and  approved  by  the  directors  in  accordance  with  international 
accounting  standards  in  conformity  with  the  requirements  of  the  Companies  Act  2006  (‘‘Adopted  IFRSs’’).    The 
Company has elected to prepare its parent company financial statements in accordance with FRS 101. 

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with IFRS requires the use of certain critical accounting estimates.  

Critical accounting estimates and judgements made by the directors, in the application of these accounting policies that 
have significant effect on the financial statements are disclosed in note 4 (a)-(c) applicable for the whole Group and 4 (d) 
applicable for the Company only. 

The  Company  financial  statements  were  prepared  in  accordance  with  Financial  Reporting  Standard  101  Reduced 
Disclosure  Framework  (“FRS  101”).   The  amendments  to  FRS  101  (2014/15  Cycle)  issued  in  July  2015  have  been 
applied. 

In preparing these financial statements, the Company applies the recognition, measurement and disclosure requirements 
of international accounting standards in conformity with the requirements of the Companies Act 2006 (“Adopted IFRSs”) 
but  makes  amendments  where  necessary  in  order  to  comply  with  Companies  Act  2006  and  has  set  out  below  where 
advantage of the FRS 101 disclosure exemptions has been taken.  

Under section s408 of the Companies Act 2006 the company is exempt from the requirement to present its own profit and 
loss account.  

In these financial statements, the company has applied the exemptions available under FRS 101 in respect of the following 
disclosures: 

a Cash Flow Statement and related notes;  

• 
•  Disclosures in respect of transactions with wholly owned subsidiaries;  
•  Disclosures in respect of capital management;   
•  The effects of new but not yet effective IFRSs; and 
•  Disclosures in respect of the compensation of Key Management Personnel;  

As the consolidated financial statements include the equivalent disclosures, the Company has also taken the exemptions 
under FRS 101 available in respect of the following disclosures  

•  Certain disclosures required by IFRS 13 Fair Value Measurement and the disclosures required by IFRS 7 Financial 

Instrument Disclosures. 

• 

IFRS 2 Share Based Payments in respect of group settled share based payments 

The accounting policies set out below have, unless otherwise stated, been applied consistently to all periods presented in 
these financial statements 

2.1.1   Measurement convention 

The financial statements are prepared on the historical cost basis except that assets and liabilities are stated at their fair 
value.  

16 

 
 
 
 
 
 
Belluscura plc  

Notes to the accounts 
For the year ended 31 December 2020 

 2.1.2  Going concern 

In adopting the going concern basis for preparing the financial statements, the directors have considered the principal 
activities as well as the business risks as set out on pages 2 to 3. 

The Group made a loss of US $1,978,145  in the period to 31 December 2020 (2019: loss of US $1,551,996). At the 
balance sheet date the Group had net assets of US $4,668,864 (2019: US $3,727,929) and utilised net operating cash 
outflows of $1,470,773 (2019: US $1,002,377).  

The Company raises the funds required for the Group’s activities and has successfully undertaken several Private Funding 
rounds  raising  over  $13,500,000  to  date  to  support  the  Group.  During  the  reporting  period,  funding  rounds  raised 
approximately $2.7m. This cash has allowed the Group to continue to trade, complete FDA 510k clearance of the X-
PLORTM portable oxygen concentrator and continue the development of its follow-on products, the X-PLORTM CX and 
the X-PLORTM DX portable oxygen concentrators. The Company is targeting commercial launch of X-PLORTM in H1 
2021. 

Since the period end the Group has raised $2.7m equity from new and existing shareholders which will allow the business 
to continue to trade. Further equity fundraising is planned in 2021 to support the commercial launch of X-PLORTM. The 
Group has a number of private shareholders who have been supportive during all fundraisings to date and believe that, 
given  FDA  clearance  of  X-PLORTM,  they  will  continue  to  be  supportive.  As  with  any  company  placing  reliance  on 
shareholders for financial support, the directors acknowledge that there can be no certainty that this support will continue 
although, at the date of approval of these financial statements, they have no reason to believe that it will not do so. 

The Group expects that due to the close link of the COVID-19 virus to Oxygen Therapy requirements the prospects for 
the Group going forward to be enhanced by an increase in the requirement for Oxygen related products. 

The  Group’s  forecasts  and  projections,  including  the  intention  to  raise  further  funds  on  the  public  markets  to 
commercialise the X-PLORTM, indicate that the Group has sufficient cash reserves to operate within the level of its current 
facilities  for  a  period  of  12  months  from  the  date  of  approval  of  the  financial  statements.  The  Group's  forecasts  and 
projections, taking account of reasonably possible downsides in trading performance and development costs/timelines, 
and the risks to these projections (set out in the Principal Risks and Uncertainties section of the Group Strategic Report 
on Page 3) have been considered in the assessment of these forecasts. 

Whilst the directors expect that further equity raising will be successful, to the extent it is not, the directors believe that 
the most likely alternative will be to curtail its operations, halt development and delay commercialisation whilst looking 
for alternative source of funding. In the unlikely situation where this is also unsuccessful, the Group may cease further 
development of the X-PLORTM range and seek potential purchasers of the company or the IP intrinsically linked to the 
X-PLORTM, in which case the application of the going concern basis of preparation may be inappropriate. 

Based on the above, the directors believe it remains appropriate to prepare the financial statements on a going concern 
basis. However, these circumstances represent a material uncertainty that may cast significant doubt upon the group and 
company’s  ability  to  continue  as  a  going  concern  and,  therefore  to  continue  realising  its  assets  and  discharging  its 
liabilities in the normal course of business.  The financial statements do not include any adjustments that would result 
from the basis of preparation being inappropriate.  

2.1.3   Changes in accounting policy 

In these financial statements, where the Group has adopted new or updated standards, there is not a material impact on 
the financial information and on the Company’s future financial statements. 

2.2   Basis of Consolidation 

Belluscura plc was incorporated on 10 December 2015. On 16 May 2016, a US incorporated company, Belluscura LLC, 
was formed as a 100% owned subsidiary. On 25 April 2017 the company acquired the entire share capital of Nanotether 
Discovery Science Limited. Nanotether is a dormant subsidiary. 

The  consolidated  financial  statements  comprise  the  financial  statements  of  Belluscura  plc,  Belluscura  LLC,  and 
Nanotether Discovery Science Limited. Nanotether Discovery Science Limited was dissolved during the year.   

17 

 
 
 
 
 
 
Belluscura plc  

Notes to the accounts 
For the year ended 31 December 2020 

Subsidiaries are entities controlled by the Group. The Group controls an entity when it is exposed to, or has rights to, 
variable returns from its involvement with the entity and has the ability to affect those returns through its power over the 
entity. In assessing control, the Group takes into consideration potential voting rights. The acquisition date is the date on 
which  control  is  transferred  to  the  acquirer.  The  financial  statements  of  subsidiaries  are  included  in  the  consolidated 
financial statements from the date that control commences until the date that control ceases. Losses applicable to the non-
controlling  interests  in  a  subsidiary  are  allocated  to  the  non-controlling  interests  even  if  doing  so  causes  the  non-
controlling interests to have a deficit balance. 

Intra-group balances and transactions, and any unrealised income and expenses arising from intra-group transactions, are 
eliminated. Unrealised losses are eliminated in the same way as unrealised gains, but only to the extent that there is no 
evidence of impairment.  

IFRS 13 did not affect any fair value measurements of the Group’s assets or liabilities and therefore had no effect on the 
Group’s financial position or performance. 

2.3 

Foreign currencies   

Functional and presentation currency 

(a)  
These consolidated financial statements are presented in US Dollars which is the presentation currency of the Group. This 
is because the majority of the Group’s transactions are undertaken in US Dollars. Each entity within the Group has its 
own functional currency which is dependent on the primary economic environment in which that subsidiary operates.  

(b)   Transactions and balances 
Foreign currency transactions are translated into functional currency using the exchange rates prevailing at the dates of 
the transactions or valuation where items are re-measured. Foreign exchange gains and losses resulting from the settlement 
of  such  transactions  and  from  the  translation  at  the  period-end  exchange  rates  of  monetary  assets  and  liabilities 
denominated in foreign currencies are recognised in the income statement. Foreign exchange gains and losses that relate 
to borrowings and cash and cash equivalents are presented in the income statement within ‘finance income or costs’. 

(c)   Group companies 
The results and financial position of all Group entities (none of which has the currency of a hyper-inflationary economy) 
that have a functional currency different from the presentation currency are translated into the presentation currency as 
follows: 
(i) 

assets and liabilities for each balance sheet presented are translated at the closing exchange rates at the date of that 
balance sheet 
income and expense for each income statement are translated at the average rates of exchange during the period 
(unless  this  average  is  not  a  reasonable  approximation  of  the  cumulative  effect  of  the  rates  prevailing  on  the 
transaction dates, in which case income and expenses are translated at the rate on the dates of the transactions) 

(ii) 

(iii)  all resulting exchange differences are recognised in other comprehensive income.  

2.4   Business combinations 

All business combinations are accounted for by applying the acquisition method. Business combinations are accounted 
for using the acquisition method as at the acquisition date, which is the date on which control is transferred to the Group.  

Acquisitions on or after 1 January 2010 

For acquisitions on or after 1 January 2010, the Group measures goodwill at the acquisition date as: 
• 
• 
• 
• 

the fair value of the consideration transferred; plus  
the recognised amount of any non-controlling interests in the acquiree; plus 
the fair value of the existing equity interest in the acquiree; less 
the net recognised amount (generally fair value) of the identifiable assets acquired and liabilities assumed.  

When the excess is negative, a bargain purchase gain is recognised immediately in profit or loss. Costs related to the 
acquisition, other than those associated with the issue of debt or equity securities, are expensed as incurred. 

Any contingent consideration payable is recognised at fair value at the acquisition date. If the contingent consideration is 
classified as equity, it is not remeasured and settlement is accounted for within equity. Otherwise, subsequent changes to 
the fair value of the contingent consideration are recognised in profit or loss. 

On a transaction-by-transaction basis, the Group elects to measure non-controlling interests, which have both present 
ownership interests and are entitled to a proportionate share of net assets of the acquiree in the event of liquidation, either 
at its fair value or at its proportionate interest in the recognised amount of the identifiable net assets of the acquiree at the 
acquisition date. All other non-controlling interests are measured at their fair value at the acquisition date. 

18 

 
 
 
 
Belluscura plc  

Notes to the accounts 
For the year ended 31 December 2020 

2.5 

Employee benefits 

Short-term employee benefit obligations are measured on an undiscounted basis and are expensed as the related service 
is provided.  A liability is recognised for the amount expected to be paid under short-term cash bonus or profit-sharing 
plans if the Group has a present legal or constructive obligation to pay this amount as a result of past service provided by 
the employee and the obligation can be estimated reliably. 

Share-based payment transactions 

Share-based payment arrangements in which the Group receives goods or services as consideration for its own equity 
instruments are accounted for as equity-settled share-based payment transactions. 

The grant date fair value of share-based payment awards granted to employees is recognised as an employee expense, with 
a corresponding increase in equity, over the period that the employees become unconditionally entitled to the awards.  The 
fair value of the options granted is measured using an option valuation model, taking into account the terms and conditions 
upon which the options were granted.  The amount recognised as an expense is adjusted to reflect the actual number of 
awards  for  which  the  related  service  and  non-market  vesting  conditions  are  expected  to  be  met,  such  that  the  amount 
ultimately recognised as an expense is based on the number of awards that do meet the related  service and non-market 
performance conditions at the vesting date. For share-based payment awards with non-vesting conditions, the grant date fair 
value of the share-based payment is measured to reflect such conditions and there is no true-up for differences between 
expected and actual outcomes. 

2.6 

Expenses 

Operating lease payments 

Payments made under operating leases are recognised in the income statement on a straight-line basis over the term of 
the lease. Lease incentives received are recognised in the income statement as an integral part of the total lease expense. 

Interest income and interest payable is recognised in profit or loss as it accrues, using the effective interest method. 

2.7 

Property, plant and equipment 

Property, plant and equipment are stated at historical cost less depreciation and accumulated impairment losses. Historical 
cost includes expenditure that is directly attributable to the acquisition of the items.  

Subsequent costs are included in the asset’s carrying amount or recognised as a separate asset, as appropriate, only when 
it is probable that future economic benefits associated with the item will flow to the Group and the cost of the item can 
be measured reliably. All other repairs and maintenance are charged to the income statement during the financial period 
in which they are incurred. 

Depreciation of assets is calculated is provided to write off the cost less the estimated residual value of tangible fixed 
assets by equal instalments over the estimated useful economic lives as follows: 

5 years 
Furniture 
Computer equipment 
3 years 
Leasehold improvements        -       5 years 

- 
- 

The assets’ residual values and useful lives are reviewed, and adjusted if appropriate, at the end of each reporting period. 
An asset’s carrying amount is written down immediately to its recoverable amount if the assets carrying value is greater 
than its estimated recoverable amount. 

Gains and losses on disposals are determined by comparing proceeds with the carrying amount and are recognised within 
administrative  expenses  in  the  income  statement.  When  re-valued  assets  are  sold,  the  amounts  are  included  in  other 
reserves are transferred to retained earnings. 

2.8 

Intangible assets 

Licenses 

Costs associated with the acquisition of Licenses for technologies and distribution rights are recognised as an intangible 
asset when they meet the criteria for capitalisation. That is, they are separately identifiable, measurable and it is probable 
that economic benefit will flow to the entity.  

19 

 
 
 
 
Belluscura plc  

Notes to the accounts 
For the year ended 31 December 2020 

Further development costs attributable to the licensed technology and recognised as an intangible asset when the following 
criteria are met:  

it is technically feasible to complete the technology for commercialisation so that it will be available for use; 

(i) 
(ii)  management intends to complete the technology and use or sell it; 
(iii)  there is an ability to use or sell the technology; 
(iv)  it can be demonstrated how the technology will generate probable future economic benefits; 
(v)  adequate technical, financial and other resources to complete the development and to use or sell the technology are 

available; and 

(vi)  the expenditure attributable to the technology during its development can be reliable measured. 

Licenses  and  their  associated  development  costs  are  amortised  over  the  life  of  the  license  or  the  underlying  patents, 
whichever is shorter. The estimated useful life of the licences is 10-15 years. 

2.9 

Impairment of non-financial assets 

The carrying amounts of the non-financial assets, other than inventories and deferred tax assets, are reviewed at each 
reporting date to determine whether there is any indication of impairment. If any such indication exists, then the asset’s 
recoverable amount is estimated. For goodwill, and intangible assets that have indefinite useful lives or that are not yet 
available for use, the recoverable amount is estimated each year at the same time. 

The recoverable amount of an asset or cash-generating unit is the greater of its value in use and its fair value less costs to 
sell. In assessing value in use, the estimated future cash flows are discounted to their present value using a pre-tax discount 
rate that reflects current market assessments of the time value of money and the risks specific to the asset. For the purpose 
of impairment testing, assets that cannot be tested individually are grouped together into the smallest group of assets that 
generates cash inflows from continuing use that are largely independent of the cash inflows of other assets or groups of 
assets (the “cash-generating unit”).  

An impairment loss is recognised if the carrying amount of an asset or its CGU exceeds its estimated recoverable amount. 
Impairment losses are recognised in profit or loss. Impairment losses recognised in respect of CGUs are allocated first to 
reduce the carrying amount of any goodwill allocated to the units, and then to reduce the carrying amounts of the other 
assets in the unit (group of units) on a pro rata basis. 

An impairment loss in respect of goodwill is not reversed. In respect of other assets, impairment losses recognised in prior 
periods  are  assessed  at  each  reporting  date  for  any  indications  that  the  loss  has  decreased  or  no  longer  exists.  An 
impairment loss is reversed if there has been a change in the estimates used to determine the recoverable amount. An 
impairment loss is reversed only to the extent that the asset’s carrying amount does not exceed the carrying amount that 
would have been determined, net of depreciation or amortisation, if no impairment loss had been recognised. 

2.10  Financial assets 

2.10.1  Classification 

The  Group  classifies  its  financial  assets  depending  on  the  purpose  for  which  the  asset  was  acquired.  Management 
determines the classification of its financial assets at initial recognition. During the financial period the Group held loans 
and receivables that are non-derivative financial assets with fixed or determinable payments that are not quoted in an 
active market. They are included in current assets, except for maturities that are greater than 12 months after the end of 
the reporting year. These are classified as noncurrent assets. The Group’s loans and receivables comprise ‘trade and other 
receivables’ in the balance sheet. The Group also has cash and cash equivalents. 

2.10.2  Recognition and measurement 

Loans and receivables are recognised on the trade date in which the transaction took place, and are recognised at their fair 
value with transaction costs expensed in the income statement. Financial assets are derecognised when the rights to receive 
cash  flows  from  the  loans  or receivables  have  been  collected,  expired  or  transferred  and  the  Group  has  subsequently 
transferred substantially all risks and rewards of ownership. 

2.11  Offsetting financial instruments 

Financial  assets  and  liabilities  are  offset  and  the  net  amount  reported  in  the  balance  sheet  when  there  is  a  legally 
enforceable right to offset the recognised amounts and there is the intention to settle on a net basis or realise the asset and 
settle the liability simultaneously. 

20 

 
 
 
 
Belluscura plc  

Notes to the accounts 
For the year ended 31 December 2020 

2.12 

Impairment of financial assets 

Assets carried at amortised cost 

A financial asset not carried at fair value through profit or loss is assessed at each reporting date to determine whether 
there is objective evidence that it is impaired. A financial asset is impaired if objective evidence indicates that a loss event 
has occurred after the initial recognition of the asset, and that the loss event had a negative effect on the estimated future 
cash flows of that asset that can be estimated reliably. 

An impairment loss in respect of a financial asset measured at amortised cost is calculated as the difference between its 
carrying  amount  and  the  present  value  of  the  estimated  future  cash  flows  discounted  at  the  asset’s  original  effective 
interest rate.  Interest on the impaired asset continues to be recognised through the unwinding of the discount. When a 
subsequent event causes the amount of impairment loss to decrease, the decrease in impairment loss is reversed through 
profit or loss. 

Evidence of  impairment  may  include  indications of  that  the  debtors  or  a  group  of  debtors  is  experiencing  significant 
financial difficulty, default or delinquency in interest or principal payments, the probability that they will enter bankruptcy 
or other financial reorganisation, and where observable data indicate that there is a measurable decrease in the estimated 
future cash flows, such as changes in arrears or economic conditions that correlate with defaults. 

For  loans  and  receivables  category,  the  amount  of  the  loss  is  measured  as  the  difference  between  the  assets  carrying 
amount and the present value of estimated future cash flows (excluding future credit losses that have not been incurred) 
discounted at the financial asset’s original effective interest rate. The carrying amount of the asset is reduced and the 
amount of the loss is recognised in the consolidated income statement. If a loan or held-to maturity investment has a 
variable interest rate, the discount rate for measuring any impairment loss is the current effective interest rate determined 
under the contract. As a practical expedient, the Group may measure impairment on the basis of an instrument’s fair value 
using an observable market price.  

If, in a subsequent year, the amount of the impairment loss decreases and the decrease can be related objectively to an 
event occurring after the impairment was recognised (such as the improvement in the debtor’s credit rating), the reversal 
of the previously recognised impairment loss is recognised in the consolidated income statement. 

2.13  Leases (policy applicable from 1 January 2019) 

The Group has applied IFRS 16 using the modified retrospective approach. 

At the inception of a contract, the Group assesses whether a contract is, or contains, a lease. A contract is, or contains, a 
lease  if  the  contract  conveys  the  right  to  control  the  use  of  an  identified  asset  for  a  period  of  time  in  exchange  for 
consideration.  

As a lessee  

The Group recognises a right-of-use asset and a lease liability at the lease commencement date. The right-of-use asset is 
initially measured at cost, which comprises the initial amount of the lease liability adjusted for any lease payments made 
at or before the commencement date, plus any initial direct costs incurred, less any lease incentives received.  

The right-of-use asset is subsequently depreciated using the straight-line method from the commencement date to the end 
of the lease term, unless the lease transfers ownership of the underlying asset to the Group by the end of the lease term or 
the cost of the right-of-use asset reflects that the Group will exercise a purchase option. In that case the right-of-use asset 
will be depreciated over the useful life of the underlying asset, which is determined on the same basis as those of property 
and equipment. In addition, the right-of-use asset is periodically reduced by impairment losses, if any, and adjusted for 
certain remeasurements of the lease liability.  

The lease liability is initially measured at the present value of the lease payments that are not paid at the commencement 
date,  discounted using  the  interest  rate  implicit  in  the  lease  or,  if  that  rate  cannot  be readily  determined,  the  Group's 
incremental borrowing rate. 

Lease payments included in the measurement of the lease liability comprise the following:  

- 

- 

- 

- 

fixed payments, including in-substance fixed payments;  

variable lease payments that depend on an index or a rate, initially measured using the index or rate as at the 
commencement date  

amounts expected to be payable under a residual value guarantee; and  

the exercise price under a purchase option that the Group is reasonably certain to exercise,  

21 

 
 
 
 
Belluscura plc  

Notes to the accounts 
For the year ended 31 December 2020 

- 

- 

lease payments in an optional renewal period if the Group is reasonably certain to exercise an extension option, 
and  

penalties for early termination of a lease unless the Group is reasonably certain not to terminate early. 

The lease liability is measured at amortised cost using the effective interest method. It is remeasured when there is a 
change in future lease payments arising from a change in an index or rate, there is a change in the Group's estimate of the 
amount expected to be payable under a residual value guarantee, if the Group changes its assessment of whether it will 
exercise a purchase, extension or termination option or if there is a revised in-substance fixed lease payment.  

When the lease liability is remeasured in this way, a corresponding adjustment is made to the carrying amount of the 
right-of-use asset, to the extent that the right-of-use asset is reduced to nil, with any further adjustment required from the 
remeasurement being recorded in profit or loss. 

The  Group  presents  right-of-use  assets  that  do  not  meet  the  definition  of  investment  property  in  'property,  plant  and 
equipment' and lease liabilities in 'loans and borrowings' in the statement of financial position. 

Short-term leases and leases of low-value assets  

The Group has elected not to recognise right-of-use assets and lease liabilities for lease of low-value assets and short-
term leases. The Group recognises the lease payments associated with these leases as an expense on a straight-line basis 
over the lease term. 

2.14 

Inventory 

Inventory comprises goods held for resale and are stated at the lower of cost or net realisable value. Cost is based on FIFO 
principle and includes all direct expenditure and other appropriate attributable costs incurred in bringing the inventory to 
its present location and condition.  

2.15  Trade receivables  

Trade receivables are amounts due from customers for the sale of goods in the ordinary course of business. Collection is 
normally expected within three months or less (in the normal operating cycle of the business) and is classified as current 
assets. In the rare circumstances that they exceed a period of greater than one year they are presented as non-current 
assets. 

Trade receivables are recognised initially at fair value and subsequently measured at amortised cost using the effective 
interest method, less any provision for impairment. 

2.16  Cash and cash equivalents  

In the consolidated statement of cash flows, cash and cash equivalents includes cash in hand, deposits held at call with 
other banks, other short term highly liquid investments with maturities of three months or less and bank overdrafts.  

2.17  Share capital  

Share premium 

The share premium account has been established to represent the excess of proceeds over the nominal value for all share 
issues,  including  the  excess  of  the  exercise  share  price  over  the  nominal  value  of  the  shares  on  the  exercise  of  share 
options as and when they occur. Incremental costs directly attributable to the issue of new ordinary shares and new shares 
options are shown in equity as a deduction, net of tax, from the proceeds. 

Capital contribution 

Capital contributions are contributions made by the ultimate parent company for which no consideration is given.   

2.18  Trade payables 

Trade payables are obligations to pay for goods and services that have been acquired in the ordinary course of business 
from suppliers. Accounts payable are classified as current liabilities if payment is due within one year or less (or in the 
normal operating cycle of business if longer). If not, they are presented as non-current liabilities.  

Trade  payables  are  recognised  initially  at  fair  value  and  subsequently  measured  at  amortised  cost  using  the  effective 
interest rate method. 

22 

 
 
 
 
Belluscura plc  

Notes to the accounts 
For the year ended 31 December 2020 

2.19  Current and deferred tax 

The tax expense for the period comprises current and deferred tax. Tax is recognised in the consolidated income statement, 
except to the extent that it relates to items recognised in other comprehensive income or directly in equity. In this case, 
the tax is also recognised in other comprehensive income or directly in equity, respectively. 

The current income tax charge is calculated on the basis of tax laws enacted or substantively enacted at the balance sheet 
date  in  the  countries  where  the  Company  and  its  subsidiaries  operate  and  generate  taxable  income.  Management 
periodically evaluates positions taken in tax returns with respect to situations in which applicable tax regulation is subject 
to interpretation and establishes provisions where appropriate on amounts expected to be paid to the tax authorities. 

Deferred income tax is recognised on temporary timing differences arising between the tax bases of assets and liabilities 
and their carrying amounts in the consolidated financial statements. However, deferred tax liabilities are not recognised 
if they arise from the initial recognition of goodwill; deferred income tax is not accounted for if it arises from initial 
recognition of an asset or liability in a transaction other than a business combination that at the time of the transaction 
affects neither accounting nor taxable profit or loss. 

Deferred  income  tax  is  determined using  tax  rates  (and  laws)  that  have  been  enacted  or  substantively  enacted by  the 
balance sheet date and are expected to apply when the related deferred income tax asset is realised or the deferred income 
tax liability is settled. Deferred income tax assets are recognised only to the extent that it is probable that future taxable 
profit will be available against which the temporary differences can be utilised. 

Deferred income tax liabilities are provided on taxable temporary differences arising from investments in subsidiaries 
except for deferred income tax liability where the timing of the reversal of the temporary difference is controlled by the 
group and it is probable that the temporary difference will not reverse in the foreseeable future.  

Deferred income tax assets are recognised on deductible temporary differences arising from investments in subsidiaries 
only to the extent that it is probable the temporary difference will reverse in full in the future and there is sufficient taxable 
profit available against which the temporary difference can be utilised. 

Deferred income tax assets and liabilities are offset when there is a legally enforceable right to offset current tax assets 
against current tax liabilities and when the deferred income tax assets and liabilities relate to income taxes levied by the 
same taxation authority on either the same taxable entity or different taxable entities where there is an intention to settle 
balances on a net basis.   

2.20  Provisions 

Provisions and any other anticipated foreseen liabilities are recognised: when the Group has a present legal or constructive 
obligation as a result of past events; it is probable that an outflow of resources will be required to settle the obligation; 
and the amount has been reliably estimated. Restructuring provisions comprise lease termination penalties, and employee 
termination payments. Provisions are not recognised for future operating losses. 

Where there are a number of similar obligations, the likelihood that an outflow will be required in settlement is determined 
by considering a class of obligations as a whole. A provision is recognised even if the likelihood  of an outflow with 
respect to any one item included in the same class of obligations may be small. 

Provisions are measured at the present value of the expenditures expected to be required to settle the obligation using a 
pre-tax rate that reflects current market assessments of the time value of money and the risks specific to the obligation. 
The increase in the provision due to the passage of time is recognised as an interest expense. 

2.21  Revenue recognition 

Revenue is measured at the fair value of the consideration received or receivable, and represents amounts receivable for 
the goods supplied, stated net of discounts, and value added taxes. The Group recognises revenue when the amount of 
revenue can reliably be measured; when it is probable that future economic benefits will flow to the Group; and when 
specific criteria have been met for each of the Group’s activities, described below. The Group bases its estimate of return 
on historical results taking into consideration type of customer, type of transaction and specifics of each arrangement. 

Sales of goods 
Income is derived from the sale of goods when the goods have been shipped to the customer.  

Interest income 
Interest  income  is  accrued  on  a  time basis,  by reference  to  the  principal outstanding  and  at  the  effective  interest  rate 
applicable. 

23 

 
 
Belluscura plc  

Notes to the accounts 
For the year ended 31 December 2020 

3. 

Financial Risk Management 

The Company’s Directors review the financial risk of the Group. Due to the early stage of its operations the Group has 
not entered into any form of hedging instruments to assist in the management of risk during the period under review. 

3.1 

Financial risk factors 

(a)  Liquidity Risk 

Cash flow forecasting is performed on a Group basis. The Directors monitor rolling forecasts of the Group’s liquidity 
requirements to ensure it has sufficient cash to meet operational needs.  

At the reporting date the Group held bank balances of US $520,070. 

The contractual maturities of financial liabilities is shown in note 16. 

(b)  Market risk 

Market risk is the risk that changes in market prices, such as foreign exchange rates, interest rates and equity prices will 
affect the Group’s income or the value of its holdings of financial instruments. 

Foreign exchange risk arises when individual Group entities enter into transactions denominated in a currency other than 
their functional currency. The Group’s policy is, where possible, to allow Group entities to settle liabilities denominated 
in their functional currency, with the cash generated from their own operations in that currency. Where Group entities 
have  liabilities  denominated  in  a  currency  other  than  their functional  currency  (and have  insufficient  reserves of  that 
currency to settle them), cash already denominated in that currency will, where possible, be transferred from elsewhere 
within the Group.  

Due to low value and number of financial transactions that involve foreign currency and the fact that the Group has no 
borrowings to manage, the Directors have not entered into any arrangements, adopted or approved the use of derivative 
financial instruments to assist in the management of the exposure of these risks.  

The Group’s exposure to foreign currency risk is based on the carrying amount for monetary financial instruments. 

The gross foreign currency exposure below is with respect of pound Sterling to US Dollars. 

Cash and cash equivalents 
Trade receivables (gross) 
Trade payables 
Net exposure 

  31 December 2020 
317,606 
10,380,745 
(62,908) 
10,635,443 

31 December 2019 
814,424 
7,762,723 
(84,004) 
8,493,143 

The trade receivables shown above relates to the UK entity’s intercompany balance with the US entity, which will be 
repaid in Sterling.  

A 10% percent strengthening of the pound sterling against the US Dollar at 31 December 2020 would have increased 
(decreased) equity and profit or loss by the amounts shown below. This calculation assumes that the change occurred at 
the balance sheet date and had been applied to risk exposures existing at that date.  

This analysis assumes that all other variables, in particular other exchange rates and interest rates, remain constant. The 
analysis is performed on the same basis for 31 December 2019. 

2020  
US $ 
(1,063,544) 

Equity 
2019  
US $ 
(849,314) 

2020 
US $ 
(1,063,544) 

Profit or loss 
2019 
US $ 
(849,314) 

A 10% percent weakening of the above currencies against the pound sterling at 31 December 2020 would have had the 
equal but opposite effect on the above currencies to the amounts shown above, on the basis that all other variables remain 
constant. 

Translation exposures 

The Group’s results, as presented in US Dollars, are subject to fluctuations as a result of exchange rate movements. The 
Group does not hedge this translation exposure to its earnings.  

24 

 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Belluscura plc  

Notes to the accounts 
For the year ended 31 December 2020 

Gains  or  losses  arise  on  the  retranslation  of  the  net  assets  of  foreign  operations  at  different  reporting  dates  and  are 
recognised  within  the  consolidated  statement  of  comprehensive  income.  They  will  predominantly  relate  to  the 
retranslation of opening net assets at closing foreign exchange rates, together with the retranslation of retained foreign 
profits for the year (that have been accounted for in the consolidated income statement at average rates) at closing rates. 
Exchange rates for major currencies are set out below 

The following exchange rates have been used in the translation of the results of foreign operations: 

Closing rate 
for 2018 

Weighted 
average rate 
for 2019 

Closing rate 
for 2019 

Weighted 
average rate 
for 2020 

Closing rate 
for 2020 

US Dollar 

1.2769 

1.2769 

1.3270 

1.2841 

1.3652 

3.2  Capital management 

The Group’s objectives when managing capital are to safeguard the Group’s ability to continue as a going concern in 
order to provide returns for shareholders, benefits for other stakeholders and to maintain an optimal capital structure to 
reduce the cost of capital. 

In order to adjust or maintain the capital structure, the Group may adjust the level of dividends paid to its shareholders, 
return capital to shareholders, issue new shares or sell assets to reduce borrowings. This policy is periodically reviewed 
by the Directors, and the Group’s strategy remains unchanged for the foreseeable future. 

The capital structure of the Group consists of cash and bank balances and equity consisting of issued share capital, reserves 
and retained earnings of the Group.  

3.3 

Fair value 

Financial  instruments  are  measured  at  fair  value  including  cash  and  cash  equivalents  trade  and  other  payables,  and 
borrowings. 

Due to their short term nature, the carrying value of cash and cash equivalents, trade and other receivables, and trade and 
other payables approximate their fair value.  

4. 

Critical accounting estimates and judgements 

Estimates and judgements are continually evaluated and are based on historical experience and other factors, including 
expectations of future events that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances. 

Key judgement 

The following judgement (apart from those involving estimates) have had the most significant effect on amounts 
recognised in the financial statements.  

(a)  Tangible fixed assets (see note 11)  

Tangible fixed assets, are depreciated over their useful lives taking into account residual values, where appropriate. 
The actual lives of the assets and residual values are assessed annually and may vary depending on the number of 
factors. In re-assessing asset lives, factors such as technological innovation, product life cycles and maintenance 
programmes are taken into account. Residual value assessments consider issues such as future market conditions, 
the remaining life of the asset and projected disposal values.  

(b)  Intangible fixed assets (see note 12)  

Intangible fixed assets, are depreciated over their useful lives taking into account residual values, where appropriate. 
The actual lives of the assets and residual values are assessed annually and may vary depending on the number of 
factors. In re-assessing asset lives, factors such as technological innovation, product life cycles and maintenance 
programmes are taken into account. Residual value assessments consider issues such as future market conditions, 
the remaining life of the asset and projected disposal values.  

Development costs attributable to the licensed technology and recognised as an intangible asset when the criteria in 
note 2.9 are met.  

(c)  Deferred taxes 

Deferred tax liabilities are always provided for in full. Deferred tax assets are recognised to the extent that it is 
probable that the underlying deductible temporary differences will be able to be offset against future taxable income. 
Deferred tax assets and liabilities are calculated, without discounting, at tax rates that are expected to apply to their 

25 

 
 
 
 
Belluscura plc  

Notes to the accounts 
For the year ended 31 December 2020 

respective  period  of  realisation,  provided  they  are  enacted  or  substantively  enacted  at  the  balance  sheet  date. 
Deferred tax is recognised as a component of the tax expense in the income statement, except where it relates to 
items charged or credited to other comprehensive income or directly to equity. 

(d)  Recoverability of intercompany debt by the company from its subsidiaries. 

The directors assess the recoverability of amounts owed by the subsidiary to the parent company, which requires 
judgement to be made. This involves forecasting sales revenues to be earned by the subsidiary which will enable it 
to repay the parent company. 

5. 

Revenue 

The entire revenue is generated from the Sale of Goods and from its geographical market in United States of America 
US$ nil (2019: US $128,701).  

Gross profit in the period was US$ nil (2019: US$ 14,316). Gross profit in 2019 was reduced by $39,675 for the inventory 
write off of discontinued products and increased by $16,488 for the release of unused royalty provision.   

6. 

Other operating income and administrative expenses 

6.1 (a) Other operating income 

Group 

Net gain on disposal of SlydeTM licence 
Grants 
Purchase of option right  
Total 

6.1 (b) Expenses by nature  

Group 

Depreciation of property plant and equipment 
Costs related to fundraising activities 
Foreign exchange movements 
Employee benefit expense 
Other administration expenses 

2020  
US$ 
- 
6,421 
5,072 
11,493 

2020  
US$ 
8,544 
78,911 
391,737 
1,022,677 
63,079 

2019  
US$ 
44,368 
- 
- 
44,368 

2019  
US$ 
9,403 
(2,237) 
373,742 
808,524 
24,556 

6.2  Auditor remuneration 

During the period, the Group (including its subsidiaries) obtained the following services provided by the auditor and its 
associates: 

Group 

Fees payable to the Group’s auditor and its associated for the audit of the 
Group and Company financial statements 
Fees payable to the Company’s auditor and its associates for other services 
-  Tax advisory services 

2020  
US$ 

37,098 

7,705 
44,803 

2019  
US$ 

37,157 

5,175 
42,332 

7. 

Employees 

7.1  Directors’ emoluments 

Group 

Directors emoluments 

Total 

2020  
US$ 
404,355 

2019  
US$ 
401,817 

404,355 

401,817 

26 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Belluscura plc  

Notes to the accounts 
For the year ended 31 December 2020 

Two Directors served during the year (2019: 2). The highest paid Director received a salary of $200,000 (2019: 
$185,000) and benefits of $31,105 (2019: $33,666). Two Directors received share options in the year (2019: 2) and 
no Directors exercised share options in the year (2019: nil) 

7.2 

Employee benefit expense 

Group 

Wages and salaries  
Social security costs 
Medical Insurance 
Share based payments 
Total 

7.3  Average number of people employed 

Group 

Average number of people (including executive directors) employed 
Management 

Sales 
Finance 
Total average headcount 

8. 

Finance income and costs 

Group 

Finance Cost: 
- 
- 
Finance Cost 

Interest cost on Right of Use Asset 
Interest on COVID-19 Small Business Association Loan 

2020  
US$ 
765,854 
61,396 
84,077 
111,350 
1,022,677 

2019  
US$ 
679,281 
53,767 
69,813 
5,663 
808,524 

2020  

2019  

2 
4 
- 
6 

2020  
US$ 

32,443 
513 
32,956 

2 
3 
- 
5 

2019  
US$ 

37,201 
- 
37,201 

27 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Belluscura plc  

Notes to the accounts 
For the year ended 31 December 2020 

9. 

Income tax expense 

Group 

Current tax on profits for the period 
Adjustments in respect of prior period 
Total current tax 

Income tax expense 

2020  
US$ 
- 
- 
- 

- 

2019 
US $ 
- 
- 
- 

- 

            The charge for the year can be reconciled to the loss per the Income Statement as follows: 

Group 

(Loss) before tax 
Tax calculated at domestic tax rates applicable to profits in 
the respective countries 
Tax effects of: 
-  Expenses not deductible for tax purposes 
-  Capital allowances in excess of depreciation 
-  Unrelieved tax losses and other deductions 
Total income tax charge 

2020  
US$ 
(1,978,145) 

2019  
US$ 
(1,551,996) 

(403,628) 

(294,879) 

36,150 
(2,760) 
370,238 
- 

(425) 
(4,472) 
299,776 
- 

The tax on the Group’s loss before tax differs from the theoretical amount that would arise using the weighted average 
tax rate applicable to losses. The weighted average applicable UK tax rate was 19%. 

Unused  tax  losses  for  which  no  deferred  tax  assets  have  been  recognised  is  attributable  to  the  uncertainty  over  the 
recoverability of those losses through future profits.  

10. 

Investment in subsidiaries 

Company 
Cost and net book value 
Balance at 31 December 2018 
Investment set off against Trade and Other Payables 
Balance at 31 December 2019 

Shares in 
subsidiaries 
355,940 
(355,930) 
10 

Total 
US $ 
355,940 
(355,930) 
10 

Balance at 31 December 2020 

10 

10 

In 2019 Nanotether Discovery Science Limited was dissolved. At the year end, the Company’s investment in 
Nanotether Discovery Science Ltd amounted to $nil (2019: $nil).  

The loss on the disposal of the investment in Nanotether at zero value was set off against the amount payable to 
Nanotether in trade & other payables. 

Principal subsidiaries name 

Belluscura LLC 

The registered office: 
Belluscura LLC  

Country of 
Incorporation & 
place of business 
USA 

Class of 
share held 
Ordinary 

% of ordinary 
shares directly held 
2020      2019 
Nature of business 
100%     100%  Sale of medical devices 

160 Greentree Drive, Suite 101, Dover, Delaware 19904, County of Kent  

The Parent Company’s loss before tax for the period 31 December 2020 was $1,640,014 (2019: $1,192,076). 

28 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Belluscura plc  

Notes to the accounts 
For the year ended 31 December 2020 

11. 

Property, plant and equipment 

Group 

Cost 

At 1 January 2019 
Additions during the period 
Disposals during the period 
At 31 December 2019 

At 1 January 2020 
Additions during the period 
Disposals during the period 
At 31 December 2020 

Accumulated depreciation 
At 1 January 2019 
Depreciation charge for the period 
Depreciation charge on disposals 
At 31 December 2019 

At 1 January 2020 
Depreciation charge for the period 
Depreciation charge on disposals 
At 31 December 2020 

Net book value 
At 31 December 2019 
At 31 December 2020 

Land & buildings 
(Right of Use Asset) 
US$ 

Furniture and 
Equipment 
US $ 

Computer 
Equipment 
US $ 

571,950 
- 
- 
571,950 

571,950 
- 
- 
571,950 

- 
(98,049) 
- 
(98,049) 

(98,049) 
      (98,049) 
- 
(196,098) 

35,880 
- 
- 
35,880 

35,880 
- 
- 
35,880 

(9,048) 
(7,176) 
- 
(16,224) 

(16,224) 
(7,176) 
- 
(23,400) 

7,034 
2,547 
- 
9,581 

9,581 
- 
- 
9,581 

(4,649) 
(2,227) 
- 
(6,876) 

(6,876) 
(1,367) 
- 
(8,243) 

Total 
US $ 

614,864 
2,547 
- 
617,411 

617,411 
- 
- 
617,411 

(13,697) 
(107,452) 
- 
(121,149) 

(121,149) 
(106,592) 
- 
(227,741) 

473,901 
375,852 

19,656 
12,480 

2,705 
1,338 

496,262 
389,670 

Right-of-use assets related to lease properties that do not meet the definition of investment properties are presented as 
Land & Building (see note 21). 

29 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Belluscura plc  

Notes to the accounts 
For the year ended 31 December 2020 

12. 

Intangible assets 

Group 

Cost 

At 1 January 2019 
Additions during the period  
At 31 December 2019 

At 31 December 2019 
Additions during the period  
At 31 December 2020 

Accumulated amortisation and impairment 
At 1 January 2019 
At 31 December 2019 

At 1 January 2020 
At 31 December 2020 

Net book value 
At 31 December 2019 
At 31 December 2020 

     Purchased intangible assets 
Product 
Development 
US$ 
2,085,093 
1,120,285 
3,205,378 

Licenses  
US $ 
189,506 
- 
189,506 

189,506 
- 
189,506 

3,205,378 
1,194,432 
4,399,810 

Total 
US$ 
2,274,599 
1,120,285 
3,394,884 

3,394,884 
1,194,432 
4,589,316 

(189,506) 
(189,506) 

(270,150) 
(270,150) 

(459,656) 
(459,656) 

(189,506) 
(189,506) 

(270,150) 
(270,150) 

(459,656) 
(459,656) 

- 
- 

2,935,228 
4,129,660 

2,935,228 
4,129,660 

Note: 
During the current year, the Group has capitalised $1,194,005 (2019: $1,009,617) of development costs related to the 
X-PLORTM portable oxygen concentrator and capitalised $342,093 (2019: $110,669) of development costs related to 
the X-PLOR DX portable continuous flow oxygen concentrator These assets are still under construction and on which 
amortisation has not started yet.  

Purchased intangible assets 

Company 

Cost 
At 1 January 2019 
Additions during the period 
At 31 December 2019 

At 31 December 2019 
Additions during the period 
At 31 December 2020 

Accumulated amortisation and impairment 
At 1 January 2019 
Amortisation charge for the period 
At 31 December 2019 

At 31 December 2019 
Amortisation charge for the period 
At 31 December 2020 

Net book value 
At 31 December 2019 
At 31 December 2020 

13. 

Inventory 

Due to the divestment of legacy products and new products not yet online, there is no current inventory. 

Licenses  
US $ 
189,506 
- 
189,506 

189,506 
- 
189,506 

(189,506) 
- 
(189,506) 

(189,506) 
- 
(189,506) 

- 
- 

30 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Belluscura plc  

Notes to the accounts 
For the year ended 31 December 2020 

14. 

Trade and other receivables 

Group 

Trade receivables 
Less provision for impairment of trade receivables 
Trade receivables – net 
VAT 
Receivable from shareholders 
Prepayments and other debtors 
Total trade and other receivables 

2020 
US $ 
- 
- 
- 
16,146 
171,535 
9,972 
197,653 

2019 
US $ 
12,398 
(6,750) 
5,648 
8,809 
- 
50,118 
64,575 

The  fair  value  of  trade  and  other  receivables  are not  materially  different  to  those  disclosed  above.  The  Groups 
exposure to credit risk related to trade receivables is detailed in note 3 to the accounts on page 24. 

Company – Current 

Receivable from shareholders 
Prepayments and other debtors 
VAT 
Total trade and other receivables 

Company – Non-Current 

Receivables from Group companies 
Less provision for impairment of Intercompany receivables 
Total trade and other receivables 

2020 
US $ 
171,535 
- 
16,146 
187,681 

2019 
S $ 
- 
146 
8,809 
8,955 

2020 
US $ 
10,380,745 
(4,135,000)  
6,245,745 

2019 
US $ 
7,753,768 
(3,075,000)  
4,678,768 

Ageing of trade receivables: 

Group 

0-30 days 
US $ 

30-60 days 
US $ 

60-90 days 
US $ 

90+ days 
US $ 

Total Gross 
US $ 

ECL 
US $ 

Total Net 
US $ 

2019 

2020 

3,152 

- 

936 

- 

1,560 

6,750 

12,398 

(6,750) 

5,648 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

Company 

0-30 days 
US $ 

30-60 days 
US $ 

60-90 days 
US $ 

90+ days 
US $ 

Total Gross 
US $ 

ECL 
US $ 

Total Net 
US $ 

2019 

2020 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

The amount receivable from Group companies is an interest free loan given and is repayable on demand. Management 
doesn’t intend to recall it in the next 12 months and hence same has been disclosed as Non-Current. The basis of the 
impairment of Intercompany receivables is the management intends to recall it within 7 years so it is discounted over 
7 years at 7%. The majority of investment has been used to develop and sell products initially in the US market. The 
Group expects the US entity to be become profitable and cash positive within 3 years. 

A 10% percent increase in the discount rate would increase the impairment by $322,000 (2019: $240,000) and a 10% 
reduction in the discount rate would reduce impairment by $337,000 (2019: 251,000).  

31 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Belluscura plc  

Notes to the accounts 
For the year ended 31 December 2020 

15.  Cash and cash equivalents 

Group 

Cash and bank and in hand 
Total cash and cash equivalents 

Company 

Cash at bank and in hand 
Total cash and cash equivalents 

2020 
US $ 
520,070 
520,070 

2019 
US $ 
1,033,512 
1,033,512 

2020 
US $ 
317,606 
317,606 

2019 
US $ 
814,424 
814,424 

The Groups exposure to foreign exchange risk is detailed in note 3 to the accounts on page 24.  

16.  Categories of financial assets and financial liabilities   

Group 

Financial assets 
Loans and receivables at amortised cost 
Receivables from shareholders 
Cash and equivalents 

Financial liabilities 
Trade and other payables at amortised cost 
Lease liability 
COVID-19 Small Business Association Loan 

Company 

Financial assets 
Loans and receivables at amortised cost 
Provision 
Net loans and receivables at amortised cost 
Receivables from shareholders 
Cash and equivalents 

Financial liabilities 
Trade and other payables at amortised cost 

2020 
US $ 

- 
171,535 
520,070 
691,605 

2019 
US $ 

5,648 
- 
1,033,512 
1,039,160 

73,391 
417,384 
77,314 
             568,089 

297,770 
498,398 
- 
       796,168 

2020 
US $ 

2019 
US $ 

10,380,745 
(4,135,000) 
6,245,745 
171,535 
317,606 
6,734,886 

7,753,768 
(3,075,000) 
4,678,768 
- 
814,424 
5,493,192 

62,797 

77,791 

32 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Belluscura plc  

Notes to the accounts 
For the year ended 31 December 2020 

Maturity Analysis of financial liabilities  

The following are the contractual maturities of financial liabilities at the reporting date. The amounts are gross and 
undiscounted, and include estimated contractual interest payments and exclude the effect of netting agreements: 

Carrying 
amount 
US $ 

Contractual 
cashflows 
US $ 

1 year or 
less 
US $ 

1-5 years 
US $ 

5 years and 
over US $ 

73,391 

73,391 

73,391 

- 

417,384 
77,314 

474,759 
77,314 

118,183 
77,314 

356,576 
- 

568,089 

625,464 

268,888 

356,576 

297,770 

297,770 

297,770 

- 

498,398 

588,890 
- 

796,168 

886,660 

114,131 

474,759 

- 
411,901 

- 
474,759 

- 

- 
- 

- 

- 

- 
- 

- 

Group 

2020 
Trade and other payables at 
amortised cost 
Lease liability 
COVID-19 Small Business 
Association Loan 

2019 
Trade and other payables at 
amortised cost 
Lease Liability 
COVID-19 Small Business 
Association Loan 

17. 

Share capital and premium 

Share capital 

Group and Company 

Issued and fully paid up 
At 1 January 2019 
Shares issued for cash 
At 31 December 2019 

No of shares of 
£0.01 each 

Ordinary 
Shares US $ 

Total 
US $ 

33,782,234 
15,350,248 
49,132,482 

49,132,482 
12,889,190 
885,918 
62,907,590 

456,107 
192,191 
648,298 

648,298 
163,653 
11,250 
823,201 

456,107 
192,191 
648,298 

648,298 
163,653 
11,250 
823,201 

At 31 December 2019 
Shares issued for cash 
Shares issued for cash received post year end 
At 31 December 2020 

The holders of ordinary shares are entitled to receive dividends as declared from time to time and are entitled to one vote 
per share at meetings of the Company.  

Share premium 

Group and Company 

Allotted and fully paid up 
At 1 January 2019 
Premium on shares issued (net of cost of issue of shares) 
At 31 December 2019 

At 1 January 2020 
Premium on shares issued (net of cost of issue of shares) 
Reduction in Capital 
At 31 December 2020 

Ordinary 
Shares US $ 

Total 
US $ 

3,304,432 
2,410,246 
5,714,678 

5,714,678 
2,233,896 
(7,391,891) 
556,683 

3,304,432 
2,410,246 
5,714,678 

5,714,678 
2,233,896 
(7,391,891) 
556,683 

The cost of issue of shares relates to broker’s commissions on funds raised of $83,928 (2019: $183,156). 

33 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Belluscura plc  

Notes to the accounts 
For the year ended 31 December 2020 

At the end of the period there were 8,122,243 share warrants in issue at an average subscription price of $0.18 (2019: 
6,367,318 at $0.18 per share). There was no consideration paid for the warrants. 

Share options 

During the year staff were granted share options, vesting 100% on an exit or in equal annual thirds following a stock 
market listing of the Company. As an exit is not predictable, the Company determined the best measurement period is a 
potential listing-mid 2021 

Award 

Unapproved 
EMI 
Unapproved 
EMI 
Total 

2020 
000’s 
- 
- 
4,893 
1,882 
6,775 

2019 
000’s 
4,380 
1,275 
- 
- 
5,655 

Date of 
Grant 
31/10/2019 
05/11/2019 
07/05/2020 
07/05/2020 

Exercise 
Price 
$0.085 
$0.085 
$0.195 
$0.195 

Exercise Period 
From                      To 

31/10/2019 
05/11/2019 
07/05/2020 
07/05/2020 

31/10/2029 
05/11/2029 
07/05/2030 
07/05/2030 

Avg remaining 
contractual life 
8.8 years 
8.8 years 
9.6 years 
9.6 years 

Movement in share options 

Outstanding at 1 January 2019 
Granted 
Outstanding at 31 December 2019 

Outstanding at 1 January 2020 
Granted 
Outstanding at 31 December 2020 

Number 
000’s 
- 
5,655 
5,655 

5,655 
6,775 
12,430 

Weighted average 
exercise price 
$ 
- 
0.085 
0.085 

Weighted average 
share price 
$ 
- 
0.078 
0.078 

0.085 
0.195 
0.145 

0.078 
0.195 
0.142 

Key assumptions used in the calculation of share option fair value 

Date of 
Grant 

Award 

31/10/2019 
05/11/2019 
07/05/2020 
07/05/2020 

Unapproved 
EMI 
Unapproved 
EMI 

Share 
price on 
the date 
of grant 
$ 
0.078 
0.078 
0.195 
0.195 

Exercise 
price 
$ 
0.085 
0.085 
0.195 
0.195 

Volatility 
% 
28.5 
28.5 
28.5 
28.5 

Expected 
Dividend 
Yield  
% 

0% 
0% 
0% 
0% 

(%) 
Vesting 
period 
Years 
2.67 
2.67 
2.50 
2.50 

Risk-free 
rate of 
interest  
% 
2.1 
2.1 
2.1 
2.1 

Fair 
value 
$ 
0.01 
0.01 
0.03 
0.03 

The key assumptions used in calculating the share-based payments were as follows: 
a. The Black-Scholes model is used to value both the options.  
b. The expected volatility is based on a comparator set of similar stocks. 
c. The risk-free rate is equal to the prevailing UK Gilts rate at grant date, which is commensurate with the expected term.  
d. Expected forfeiture rates are based on recent experience of staff turnover levels.  
e. The charge is spread over the vesting period on a straight-line basis. 

Share based payments charge 

Group 

Charge in year 

2020 
US $ 
118,544 

2019 
US $ 
5,886 

34 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Belluscura plc  

Notes to the accounts 
For the year ended 31 December 2020 

18.  Reserves 

Retained earnings 

At 31 December 2018 
Loss for the period  
Share based payments charge  
At 31 December 2019 

Loss for the period  
Reduction in Capital 
Share based payments charge 
At 31 December 2020 

Group  
US $ 
(1,298,819) 
(1,551,996) 
5,886 
(2,844,929) 

(1,978,145) 
7,391,891 
118,544 
2,687,361 

Company  
US $ 
31,485 
(1,192,076) 
5,886 
(1,154,705) 

(1,649,098) 
7,391,891 
118,544 
4,706,632 

On 7 October 2020, the shareholders of the group passed a special resolution, pursuant to Chapter 2 of Part 13 of the 
Companies Act 2006, to cancel the balance standing to the credit of the share premium account and transfer the same to 
reserves. 

Capital Contribution 

At 31 December 2018 
Capital contribution received 
At 31 December 2019 

Capital contribution received 
At 31 December 2020 

The Capital Contribution relates to the acquisition of intangible product licences. 

Translation reserve 

At 31 December 2018 
Foreign exchange loss 
At 31 December 2019 

Foreign exchange loss/gain 
At 31 December 2020 

Group 
US $ 
165,000 
- 
165,000 

- 
165,000 

Group 
US $ 
(328,860) 
373,742 
44,882 

391,737 
436,619 

Company 
US $ 
165,000 
- 
165,000 

- 
165,000 

Company 
US $ 
(328,828) 
373,710 
44,882 

391,737 
436,619 

The translation reserve comprises all foreign exchange differences arising from the translation of the financial statements 
of foreign operations, primarily relating to the statement of financial position at the reporting dates. The reporting date 
foreign exchange rates by major currency are provided in note 3. 

19. 

Trade and other payables 

Group – Current 

Trade creditors 
Social security and other taxes 
Lease liability 
COVID-19 Small Business Association Loan 
Accruals and other creditors 

Group – Non-Current 

COVID-19 Small Business Association Loan 
Lease liability 

2020 
US $ 
- 
100 
92,217 
64,428 
73,391 
230,136 

2020 
US $ 
12,886 
325,167 
338,053 

2019 
US $ 
33,968 
5,480 
82,075 
- 
263,802 
385,325 

2019 
US $ 

416,323 
416,323 

35 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Belluscura plc  

Notes to the accounts 
For the year ended 31 December 2020 

There are no amounts included with lease liability repayable after five years. 

Company 

Trade creditors 
Social security and other taxes 
Accruals and other creditors 

2020 
US $ 
- 
100 
62,807 
62,907 

2019 
US $ 
- 
6,213 
77,791 
84,004 

The fair values of trade and other payables are not materially different to those disclosed above. The Group’s exposure to 
currency and liquidity risk related to trade and other payables is detailed in note 3 to the accounts on page 24. 

Included within trade and other payables is $338,053 (2019: $416,323) expected to be settled in more than 12 months. 

On 4 May 2020 the Group secured a COVID-19 Small Business Association (SBA) Loan for $76,800 with an interest 
rate of 1.00% per annum. The loan matures on 4 May 2022. Interest has been accrued on this loan to 31 December 
2020. As at 31 December 2020, no repayments had been made. On 9 April 2021 the entire loan was forgiven.  

20.  Deferred income tax 

Unused  tax  losses  for  which  no  deferred  tax  assets  have  been  recognised  are  attributable  to  the  uncertainty  over  the 
recoverability of those losses through future profits. A blended tax rate of 20% has been used to calculate the potential 
deferred tax.   

Group 

Deferred tax 
Accelerated capital allowances 
Share based payments 
Short term timing differences 
Tax losses 

Unprovided deferred tax asset 
Deferred Tax 

Company 

Deferred tax 
Accelerated capital allowances 
Share based payments 
Short term timing difference 
Tax losses 

Unprovided deferred tax asset 

2020 
US $ 
(2,760) 
23,642 
- 
2,035,030 
2,055,912 
(2,055,912) 
- 

2019 
US $ 
(4,472) 
1,118 
425 
1,547,630 
1,544,701 
(1,544,701) 
- 

2019 
2020                                                      
US $ 
US $ 
- 
- 
1,118 
23,642 
152,425 
201,400 
264,242 
332,088 
417,785 
557,130 
(417,785) 
(557,130) 
- 
- 

In the 3 March 2021 Budget it was announced that the UK tax rate will increase to 25% from 1 April 2023. This will 
have a consequential effect on the group’s future tax charge. If this rate change had been substantively enacted at the 
current balance sheet date the unrecognised deferred tax asset would have increased by $135,198. 

36 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Belluscura plc  

Notes to the accounts 
For the year ended 31 December 2020 

21. 

Leases as a lessee (IFRS 16) 

Right-of-use assets 
Right-of-use assets related to lease properties that do not meet the definition of investment properties are presented as 
property, plant and equipment (see note 11): 

Group 

At 1 January 2019 
Addition to right of use asset 
Depreciation charge for the period 
At 31 December 2019 

Depreciation charge for the period 
At 31 December 2020 

Land and 
buildings 
US$ 
- 
571,950 
(98,049) 
473,901 

Total 
US $ 
- 
571,950 
(98,049) 
473,901 

(98,049) 
375,852 

(98,049) 
375,852 

Amounts recognised in profit or loss 
The following amounts have been recognised in profit or loss for which the Group is a lessee 

Interest expense on lease liability 
Depreciation on right of use assets 

Amounts recognised in statement of cash flows 

Total cash outflow for leases 

Lease Liabilities 

Group 

At 1 January 2019 
Interest 
Payment 
At 31 December 2019 

At 1 January 2020 
Interest 
Payment 
At 31 December 2020 

Maturity analysis of undiscounted cash flows due for leases 

Within one year 
After one year but not more than five years 
After five years 
Total 

2020 
US $ 
32,443 
98,049 

2019 
US $ 
37,201 
98,049 

2020 
US $ 
118,859 

2019 
US $ 
105,348 

Land and 
buildings 
US$ 
571,950 
37,201 
(110,753) 
498,398 

498,398 
32,443 
(113,457) 
417,384 

2020 
US$ 
118,183 
356,576 
- 
474,759 

Total 
US $ 
571,950 
37,201 
(110,753) 
498,398 

498,398 
32,443 
(113,457) 
417,384 

2019 
US $ 
114,131 
474,759 
- 
588,890 

37 

 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Belluscura plc  

Notes to the accounts 
For the year ended 31 December 2020 

22.  Dividends  

No dividend has been declared for the period ended 31 December 2020 and no dividend was paid during the period. 

23.  Cash generated from operating activities 

Group 

Loss before income tax 
Adjustments for 
-  Depreciation 
-  Amortisation and impairment 
- 
Proceeds from sale of asset 
-  No cash interest expense 
-  Movement in foreign exchange 
- 
Movement in trade and other receivables 
Inventory movement 
Movement in trade and other payables 
Cash generated from operating activities 

Share based payments 

2020 
US $ 
(1,978,145) 

2019 
US $ 
(1,551,996) 

8,544 
98,049 
- 
32,956 
(68,056) 
111,350 
81,268 
- 
243,261 
(1,470,773) 

9,403 
98,049 
(44,368) 
37,202 
(385,513) 
5,663 
(634,169) 
128,094 
1,335,258 
(1,002,377) 

24.  Related party transactions 

Details of Directors' remuneration are given in the Directors’ report. 

As at the period end the Group does not have any controlling party. 

25. 

Events after the reporting period 

Following the reporting date and at the date of signing the Group has raised approximately $2.7m from new and existing 
shareholders. 

38