Big 5 Sporting Goods
Annual Report 2023

Plain-text annual report

UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION Washington, D.C. 20549 FORM 10-K (Mark One) ☑ ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 ☐ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2023 or For the transition period from _____________________ to ______________________ Commission file number: 000-49850 BIG 5 SPORTING GOODS CORPORATION (Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter) Delaware (State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) 2525 East El Segundo Boulevard El Segundo, California (Address of principal executive offices) 95-4388794 (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.) 90245 (Zip Code) Registrant’s telephone number, including area code: (310) 536-0611 Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act: Title of each class Common Stock, par value $0.01 per share Trading Symbol(s) BGFV Name of each exchange on which registered The NASDAQ Stock Market LLC Securities registered pursuant to section 12(g) of the Act: None Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yes  No  Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act. Yes  No  Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes  No  Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes  No  Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. Large accelerated filer Non-accelerated filer   Accelerated filer Smaller reporting company Emerging growth company    If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act.  Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has filed a report on and attestation to its management’s assessment of the effectiveness of its internal control over financial reporting under Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (15 U.S.C. 7262(b)) by the registered public accounting firm that prepared or issued its audit report.  If securities are registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act, indicate by check mark whether the financial statements of the registrant included in the filing reflect the correction of an error to previously issued financial statements.  Indicate by check mark whether any of those error corrections are restatements that required a recovery analysis of incentive-based compensation received by any of the registrant’s executive officers during the relevant recovery period pursuant to §240.10D-1(b).  Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Act). Yes  No  The aggregate market value of the voting stock held by non-affiliates of the registrant was $182,130,973 as of July 2, 2023 (the last business day of the registrant’s most recently completed second fiscal quarter) based upon the closing price of the registrant’s common stock on the NASDAQ Stock Market LLC reported for June 30, 2023. Shares of common stock held by each executive officer and director and by each person who, as of such date, may be deemed to have beneficially owned more than 5% of the outstanding voting stock have been excluded in that such persons may be deemed to be affiliates of the registrant under certain circumstances. This determination of affiliate status is not necessarily a conclusive determination of affiliate status for any other purpose. The registrant had 22,438,892 shares of common stock outstanding at February 20, 2024. Documents Incorporated by Reference Part III of this Form 10-K incorporates by reference certain information from the registrant’s 2024 definitive proxy statement (the “Proxy Statement”) to be filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission no later than 120 days after the end of the registrant’s fiscal year. TABLE OF CONTENTS PART I ITEM 1. BUSINESS ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS ITEM 1B. UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS ITEM 1C. CYBERSECURITY ITEM 2. PROPERTIES ITEM 3. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS ITEM 4. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES PART II ITEM 5. MARKET FOR REGISTRANT’S COMMON EQUITY, RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS AND ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES ITEM 6. [RESERVED] ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS ITEM 7A. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK ITEM 8. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA ITEM 9. CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS ON ACCOUNTING AND FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE ITEM 9A. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES ITEM 9B. OTHER INFORMATION ITEM 9C. DISCLOSURE REGARDING FOREIGN JURISDICTIONS THAT PREVENT INSPECTIONS PART III ITEM 10. DIRECTORS, EXECUTIVE OFFICERS AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE ITEM 11. EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION ITEM 12. SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT AND RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS ITEM 13. CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS, AND DIRECTOR INDEPENDENCE ITEM 14. PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTANT FEES AND SERVICES PART IV ITEM 15. EXHIBITS, FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES ITEM 16. FORM 10-K SUMMARY EXHIBIT INDEX SIGNATURES INDEX TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS Page 4 10 21 21 22 23 24 25 25 26 34 34 34 35 37 37 38 38 38 38 38 39 39 40 42 F-1 Forward-Looking Statements This document includes certain “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Such forward-looking statements relate to, among other things, our financial condition, our results of operations, our growth strategy and the business of our company generally. In some cases, you can identify such statements by terminology such as “may,” “could,” “project,” “estimate,” “potential,” “continue,” “should,” “expects,” “plans,” “anticipates,” “believes,” “intends” or other such terminology. These forward-looking statements involve known and unknown risks and uncertainties and other factors that may cause our actual results in current or future periods to change significantly and differ materially from forecasted results. These risks and uncertainties include, among other things, the economic impacts of COVID-19, including any potential variants, on our business operations, including as a result of regulations that may be issued in response to COVID-19, global supply chain disruptions resulting from the ongoing conflicts in Ukraine and the Middle East, changes in the consumer spending environment, fluctuations in consumer holiday spending patterns, increased competition from e-commerce retailers, breach of data security or other unauthorized disclosure of sensitive personal or confidential information, the competitive environment in the sporting goods industry in general and in our specific market areas, inflation, product availability and growth opportunities, changes in the current market for (or regulation of) firearm-related products, a reduction or loss of product from a key supplier, disruption in product flow, seasonal fluctuations, weather conditions, changes in cost of goods, operating expense fluctuations, increases in labor and benefit-related expense, changes in laws or regulations, including those related to tariffs and duties as well as environmental, social and governance issues, public health issues (including those caused by COVID-19 or any potential variants), impacts from civil unrest or widespread vandalism, lower than expected profitability of our e-commerce platform or cannibalization of sales from our existing store base which could occur as a result of operating the e-commerce platform, litigation risks, stockholder campaigns and proxy contests, risks related to our historically leveraged financial condition, changes in interest rates, credit availability, higher expense associated with sources of credit resulting from uncertainty in financial markets and economic conditions in general. Those and other risks and uncertainties are more fully described in Part I, Item 1A, Risk Factors, in this report. We caution that the risk factors set forth in this report and the other reports that we file with the SEC are not exclusive. In addition, we conduct our business in a highly competitive and rapidly changing environment. Accordingly, new risk factors may arise. It is not possible for management to predict all such risk factors, nor to assess the impact of all such risk factors on our business or the extent to which any individual risk factor, or combination of factors, may cause results to differ materially from those contained in any forward-looking statement. We undertake no obligation to revise or update any forward-looking statement that may be made from time to time by us or on our behalf. 3 ITEM 1. BUSINESS General PART I Big 5 Sporting Goods Corporation (“we,” “our,” “us” or the “Company”) is a leading sporting goods retailer in the western United States, operating 430 stores and an e-commerce platform under the “Big 5 Sporting Goods” name as of December 31, 2023. Throughout this section, our fiscal years ended December 31, 2023 and January 1, 2023 are referred to as fiscal 2023 and 2022, respectively. We provide a full-line product offering in a traditional sporting goods store format that averages approximately 12,000 square feet. Our product mix includes athletic shoes, apparel and accessories, as well as a broad selection of outdoor and athletic equipment for team sports, fitness, camping, hunting, fishing, home recreation, tennis, golf, and winter and summer recreation. We supplement our traditional sports merchandise mix with an assortment of other products that we purchase through opportunistic buys of vendor over-stock or close-out merchandise. We believe that over our 69-year history we have developed a reputation with the competitive and recreational sporting goods customer as a convenient neighborhood sporting goods retailer that consistently delivers value on quality merchandise. Our stores carry a wide range of products at competitive prices from well-known brand name manufacturers, including adidas, Coleman, Columbia, Everlast, New Balance, Rawlings, Skechers, Spalding, Under Armour and Wilson. We also offer brand name merchandise produced exclusively for us, private label merchandise and specials on quality items we purchase through opportunistic buys of vendor over-stock and close-out merchandise. We reinforce our value reputation through digital marketing programs, print advertising in major and local newspapers, and direct mailers designed to generate customer traffic, drive net sales and maintain brand awareness. We also maintain social media sites to enhance distribution capabilities for our promotional offers and to enable communication with our customers. Robert W. Miller co-founded our company in 1955 with the establishment of five retail locations in California. We sold World War II surplus items until 1963, when we began focusing exclusively on sporting goods and changed our trade name to “Big 5 Sporting Goods.” In 1971, we were acquired by Thrifty Corporation, which was subsequently purchased by Pacific Enterprises. In 1992, management bought our company in conjunction with Green Equity Investors, L.P., an affiliate of Leonard Green & Partners, L.P. In 1997, Robert W. Miller, Steven G. Miller and Green Equity Investors, L.P. recapitalized our company so that the majority of our common stock would be owned by our management and employees. In 2002, we completed an initial public offering of our common stock and became a publicly-traded company. Our accumulated management experience and expertise in sporting goods merchandising, advertising, operations, store development and overall cost management have enabled us to generally produce profitable results. We believe our historical success can be attributed to a value-based and execution-driven operating philosophy, a controlled growth strategy and a proven business model. Additional information regarding our management experience is available in Item 1, Business, under the sub-heading “Management Experience,” of this Annual Report on Form 10-K. We are a holding company incorporated in Delaware on October 31, 1997. We conduct our business through Big 5 Corp., a 100%-owned subsidiary incorporated in Delaware on October 27, 1997. We conduct our gift card operations through Big 5 Services Corp., a 100%-owned subsidiary of Big 5 Corp. incorporated in Virginia on December 19, 2003. Our corporate headquarters are located at 2525 East El Segundo Boulevard, El Segundo, California 90245. Our Internet address is www.big5sportinggoods.com. Our Annual Report on Form 10-K, our Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q, our Current Reports on Form 8-K and amendments, if any, to those reports filed or furnished pursuant to Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act, are available on our website, free of charge, as soon as reasonably practicable after we electronically file such material with, or furnish it to, the Securities and Exchange Commission. Impact of Global Events Recent global events, including the novel coronavirus (“COVID-19”) and the ongoing conflicts in Ukraine and the Middle East, have adversely affected global economies, disrupted global supply chains and contributed to increased inflation and rising interest rates, impacting the cost of products and services. In response to disruptions related to COVID-19 that began in fiscal 2020, we undertook measures to reduce expense, preserve capital and enhance our liquidity. Certain of those measures, such as reductions to advertising expense in comparison with historical levels, continued to benefit us in fiscal 2022 and 2023 and we expect to maintain our advertising expense below pre-pandemic levels in the foreseeable future. 4 Disruptions related to the ongoing conflicts in Ukraine and the Middle East, regions in which we do not have direct operations, contributed to higher fuel prices and consequently higher product costs. The ongoing conflicts in Ukraine and the Middle East may continue to lead to disruptions in the global supply chain, rising fuel costs, or cybersecurity risks, and economic instability generally, any of which could materially and adversely affect our business and results of operations. As long as these conflicts continue, we expect these challenges to remain into fiscal 2024. We will continue to monitor these events and take appropriate actions to mitigate the risk of these global events, or any other global events that arise, as necessary. Expansion and Store Development Throughout our operating history, we have sought to expand our business with the addition of new stores through a disciplined strategy of controlled growth. Our expansion within the western United States has typically been systematic and designed to capitalize on our brand recognition, economical store format and economies of scale related to distribution. Over the past five fiscal years, we have opened 13 stores including relocations, of which 62% were in California. Our store openings over the past five fiscal years reflect our cautious approach toward store expansion in the current retail environment, which includes increasing e-commerce competition and the COVID-19 pandemic in fiscal 2020 and 2021. The following table reflects our store opening, closing and relocation activity during the periods indicated: Year 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 California Stores Opened Other Markets Total Stores Relocated Stores Closed (1) 2 — 2 2 2 1 — 3 1 — 3 — 5 3 2 (1 ) — (2 ) (1 ) (1 ) Number of Stores at Period End 434 430 431 432 430 (4 ) (4 ) (2 ) (1 ) (3 ) (1) In the first two months of fiscal 2024, we closed six stores, including four underperforming stores and one store that was previously damaged by severe rain, lowering our store count to 424 at the end of fiscal February 2024. Our store format enables us to have substantial flexibility regarding new store locations. We have successfully operated stores in major metropolitan areas and in areas with as few as 30,000 people. Our 12,000 average square foot store format differentiates us from superstores that typically average over 35,000 square feet, require larger target markets, are more expensive to operate and require higher net sales per store for profitability. New store openings typically represent attractive investment opportunities due to the relatively low investment required and the relatively short time necessary before our stores typically become profitable. While the required investment has been relatively low, we have recently experienced inflationary pressures that have led to increasing costs to open a store. Our store format normally requires investments of approximately $0.9 million in fixtures, equipment and leasehold improvements, net of landlord allowances, and approximately $0.3 million in net working capital with limited pre- opening and real estate expense related to leased locations that are built to our specifications. We seek to maximize new store performance by staffing new store management with experienced personnel from our existing stores. Our in-house store development and real estate personnel seek new store locations which are analyzed with the assistance of real estate firms that specialize in retail properties. Historically, we look for expansion opportunities to further penetrate our established markets, develop recently entered markets and expand into new, contiguous markets with attractive demographic, competitive and economic profiles. Merchandising We target the competitive and recreational sporting goods customer with a full-line product offering at a wide variety of price points. We offer a product mix that includes athletic shoes, apparel and accessories, as well as a broad selection of outdoor and athletic equipment for team sports, fitness, camping, hunting, fishing, home recreation, tennis, golf, and winter and summer recreation. We believe we deliver consistent value to consumers by offering a distinctive merchandise mix that includes a combination of well-known brand name merchandise, merchandise produced exclusively for us under a manufacturer’s brand name, private label merchandise and specials on quality items we purchase through opportunistic buys of vendor over-stock and close-out merchandise. Through our 69 years of experience across different demographic, competitive and economic markets, we have refined our merchandising strategy in an effort to offer a selection of products that meets customer demand. Specifically, we continue to strategically refine our merchandise and marketing strategies in order to better align our product mix and promotional efforts with today’s consumer. 5 The following table illustrates our mix of soft goods, which are non-durable items such as shirts and shoes, and hard goods, which are durable items such as exercise equipment and baseball gloves, as a percentage of net sales. The change in sales mix for fiscal 2020 reflects the change in consumer demand resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic, including higher sales related to fitness and outdoor recreational activities and reduced sales for team sports and back to school products: Hard goods Soft goods Athletic and sport footwear Athletic and sport apparel Total soft goods Total 2023 2022 Fiscal Year 2021 2020 2019 54.0 % 54.1 % 55.0 % 60.2 % 49.7 % 25.0 21.0 46.0 100.0 % 24.8 21.1 45.9 100.0 % 24.1 20.9 45.0 100.0 % 22.0 17.8 39.8 100.0 % 28.2 22.1 50.3 100.0 % We sell our popular branded merchandise from an extensive list of major sporting goods equipment, athletic footwear and apparel manufacturers. Below is a selection of some of the brands we carry: adidas Asics Bearpaw Bushnell Callaway Camp Chef Carhartt Casio Coleman Columbia Crosman Daisy Dickies Easton Everlast Fila Footjoy Franklin Gildan Head Heelys Hillerich & Bradsby iFit (Proform) Igloo Impex JanSport Lifetime McDavid Mizuno Mossberg Mueller Sports Medicine New Balance Rawlings Razor Remington Rollerblade Russell Athletic Saucony Shimano Skechers Spalding Speedo Timex Titleist Under Armour Wilson Winchester We believe we enjoy significant advantages in making opportunistic buys of vendor over-stock and close-out merchandise because of our strong vendor relationships, purchasing volume and rapid decision-making process. Our strong vendor relationships and purchasing volume also enable us to purchase merchandise produced exclusively for us under a manufacturer’s brand name which allows us to differentiate our product selection from competition, obtain volume pricing discounts from vendors and offer unique value to our customers. Our advertising highlights our opportunistic buys together with merchandise produced exclusively for us in order to reinforce our reputation as a retailer that offers attractive values to our customers. In order to complement our branded product offerings, we offer a variety of private label merchandise, which has historically represented approximately 2% of our net sales. Our sale of private label merchandise enables us to provide our customers with a broader selection of quality merchandise at a wider range of price points and allows us the potential to achieve higher margins than on sales of comparable name brand products. Our private label items include shoes, apparel, camping equipment, fishing supplies and snowsport equipment. Seasonality influences our buying patterns and we purchase merchandise for seasonal activities in advance of a season and supplement our merchandise assortment as necessary and when possible during the season. We tailor our merchandise selection on a store-by-store basis in an effort to satisfy each region’s specific needs and seasonal buying habits. In the fourth fiscal quarter we normally experience higher inventory purchase volumes in anticipation of the winter and holiday selling season. Our buyers, who average 18 years of experience with us, work in collaboration with senior management to determine and enhance product selection, promotion and pricing of our merchandise mix. Management utilizes integrated merchandising, business intelligence analytics, distribution, point-of-sale and financial information systems to continuously refine our merchandise mix, pricing strategy, advertising effectiveness and inventory levels to best serve the needs of our customers. Advertising and Marketing Through years of targeted advertising, we have solidified our brand reputation for offering quality products at attractive prices through convenient store locations. We market our products through the effective use of both digital communications as well as print media. We built our value-based brand through weekly print advertisements beginning in 1955, and we provide print advertisements and other targeted promotional offers through carrier delivery and direct mail. Over the last several years we have been reducing our overall advertising spend. In fiscal 2020, we accelerated the reduction of print advertising in response to the COVID-19 pandemic and our print advertising remained substantially reduced (from pre-pandemic levels) in fiscal 2022 and 2023 as we continued to evaluate our advertising programs. 6 We promote our products through digital marketing programs that include sending regular digital communications to our customers (e-mail marketing to our “E-Team”), search engine marketing, social media including Facebook, X (formerly known as Twitter) and Instagram, mobile programs and other website initiatives. Our digital promotional strategy is designed to provide opportunities to connect with potential customers and enable us to promote the Big 5 brand. Our e-mail marketing program invites our customers to subscribe to our E-Team for daily special deals, weekly advertisements and product information disseminated on a regular basis. We use search engine marketing methods as a means to reach those customers searching the Internet to gather information about our products. Within our social media program, our customers have the opportunity to engage in conversations with other sports-minded people and receive exclusive information about new products and unique weekly offers. All of these marketing methods are intended to simplify the shopping experience for our customers and further demonstrate our commitment to provide great brands at great values. Our website features a broad representation of our product assortment and provides visibility of store inventory to our customers, thereby enabling them to determine if items featured on our website are in-stock in one or more of our store locations. Our e-commerce platform delivers an online shopping experience to our customers, and we continue to develop our online capabilities to meet customer expectations of being able to shop at their convenience. We have developed a strong cause marketing platform through our support of the American Red Cross annual fundraising campaign and numerous other charities and organizations throughout our marketplace. We also build brand awareness by providing sponsorship support of established, high-profile events that benefit our customers’ active lifestyles, such as the “LA Marathon” in Los Angeles, California, and the “Duke City Marathon” in Albuquerque, New Mexico, for which we are the title sponsor. Vendor Relationships We have developed strong vendor relationships over the past 69 years. We currently purchase merchandise from over 600 vendors. In fiscal 2023, only one vendor represented greater than 5% of our total purchases, at 5.1%. We believe current relationships with our vendors are good. We benefit from the long-term working relationships with vendors that our senior management and our buyers have carefully nurtured throughout our history. Information Technology Systems We have fully integrated information technology (“IT”) systems that support critical business functions, such as sales reporting, inventory management and distribution functions and provide pertinent information for financial reporting, as well as robust business intelligence and retail analytics tools. We manage IT solutions for e-commerce, e-mail and networks that connect our employees to appropriate technology solutions and tools. This includes connecting our stores via a managed wide area network connection for purchasing card (i.e., credit and debit card) encryption, tokenization, authorization and processing, as well as providing access to valuable tools such as collaboration, online training, workforce management, online hiring, Company website functions and corporate communications. Our cloud-based disaster recovery solution provides redundancy and availability-redundant networks and applications to be used in the event of an emergency or unplanned outage. We believe our IT systems are effectively supporting our current operations and provide a foundation for future growth and new business initiatives. The protection of our customer, employee and business data is critical to us. Our business, like that of most retailers, involves the receipt, storage and transmission of customers’ personal information, consumer preferences and payment card information, as well as confidential information about our employees, our suppliers and our Company. We rely on commercially available systems, software, tools and monitoring to provide security for processing, transmission and storage of all such data, including confidential information. Despite the security measures we have in place, our facilities and systems, and those of our third-party service providers, may be vulnerable to security breaches, acts of vandalism, computer viruses, data theft, misplaced or lost data, programming or human errors, or other similar events. Unauthorized parties may attempt to gain access to our systems or information through fraud or other means, including deceiving our employees or third-party service providers. The methods used to obtain unauthorized access, disable or degrade service, or sabotage systems are also constantly changing and evolving, and may be difficult to anticipate or detect for long periods of time. We have implemented and regularly review and update our control systems, processes and procedures to protect against unauthorized access to or use of secured data and to prevent data loss. 7 Distribution We operate a 953,000 square-foot distribution center located in Riverside, California, that includes storage and office space and services all of our stores. In January 2024, as part of our effort to consolidate operations and manage our expense structure, we moved out of an additional 172,000 square-foot distribution space adjacent to our distribution center that we used for additional capacity. The distribution center warehouse management system is fully integrated with our enterprise-level IT systems and provides comprehensive warehousing and distribution capabilities. We regularly distribute merchandise from our distribution center to our stores using our fleet of leased tractors, as well as contract carriers. Industry and Competition The retail market for sporting goods is highly competitive. We operate as a traditional sporting goods chain with stores that average 12,000 square feet and are frequently located in multi-store shopping centers. We carry a broad assortment of merchandise and position ourselves as convenient neighborhood stores. In general, competition tends to fall into the following five basic categories: Sporting Goods Superstores. Stores in this category typically are larger than 35,000 square feet and tend to be free-standing locations. These stores emphasize high volume sales and a large number of stock-keeping units. Examples include Academy Sports & Outdoors and Dick’s Sporting Goods. Specialty Sporting Goods Stores. Specialty sporting goods retailers are stores that typically carry a wide assortment of one specific product category or brand, such as athletic shoes, golf, or outdoor equipment. Examples of these retailers include Bass Pro Shops, Cabela’s, Foot Locker, Sportsman’s Warehouse and REI. This category also includes pro shops that often are single-store operations. Mass Merchandisers. This category includes discount retailers such as Walmart and Target and department stores such as JC Penney and Kohl’s. These stores range in size from 50,000 to 200,000 square feet and are primarily located in regional malls, shopping centers or on free-standing sites. Sporting goods merchandise and apparel represent a small portion of the total merchandise in these stores and the selection is often more limited than in other sporting goods retailers. E-commerce Retailers. This category consists of many retailers that sell a broad array of new and used sporting goods products via e- commerce, including Amazon.com. The types of retailers mentioned above may also sell their products through e-commerce. E-commerce has been a rapidly growing sales channel, particularly with younger consumers, and an increasing source of competition in the sporting goods retail industry. Athletic and Sporting Goods Brands. This category consists of athletic and sporting goods brands that engage in direct-to-consumer sales through traditional retail channels, e-commerce or a combination of both. These brands may also sell their products to us and other competitors. Examples of brands that sell directly to consumers include Nike, adidas and Under Armour. In competing with the retailers discussed above, we focus on what we believe are the primary factors of competition in the sporting goods retail industry, including breadth, depth, price and quality of merchandise offered; advertising; purchasing and pricing policies; experienced and knowledgeable personnel; customer service; effective sales techniques; direct involvement of senior officers in monitoring store operations; enterprise-level IT systems; and convenience of store location and format. Human Capital We believe the experience and tenure of our professional staff in the retail industry contributes to enhanced performance and gives us a competitive advantage. The table below indicates the tenure of our professional staff in some of our key functional areas as of December 31, 2023: Executive Management Vice Presidents Buyers Store District / Regional Supervisors Store Managers 8 Number of Employees Average Number of Years With Us 7 24 19 48 431 37 23 18 25 12 As of December 31, 2023, we had approximately 7,900 active employees, of which approximately 2,300 were full-time. The General Teamsters, Airline, Aerospace and Allied Employees, Warehousemen, Drivers, Construction, Rock and Sand; Airline Employees, Local Union No. 986, affiliated with the International Brotherhood of Teamsters (“Local 986”) represents approximately 380 hourly employees in our distribution center and select stores. In December 2022, we entered into a five-year collective bargaining agreement with Local 986 for the covered distribution center employees, and in June 2023 we entered into a five-year collective bargaining agreement with Local 986 for a smaller number of covered store employees. Both collective bargaining agreements are retroactive to September 1, 2022, and expire on August 31, 2027. We have not had a strike or work stoppage in over 40 years, although such a disruption could have a significant negative impact on our business operations and financial results. We believe we provide working conditions and wages that are comparable to those offered by other retailers in the sporting goods industry and that employee relations are good. We utilize an automated Learning Management System (“LMS”) and have developed comprehensive training that can be expressly tailored for store and corporate positions. Our LMS allows us to rapidly convey and track the dissemination of important information as it develops, such as product merchandising strategies, policy changes, safety rules, cash handling procedures, systems resolution and utilization, loss prevention updates and inventory control guidelines. All new store employees are assigned introductory LMS learning material as well as provided with a live orientation highlighting basic policies and responsibilities and our expectation that each employee strives to deliver excellence in customer service, product knowledge and salesmanship. New full-time store salespeople, cashiers and manager trainees receive supplementary training and evaluations specific to their job responsibilities and their ongoing development. The versatility of the LMS provides us with the ability to track and monitor many different types of training and the flexibility we need to deliver our message to widely dispersed personnel within the structure of our on-the-go work environment. Our employee training programs include self-directed online courses, live webinars, production of soft and hard copy reference materials, one-on-one training, hands-on training and progressive developmental training. In the stores, manager trainees are expected to complete a progressive series of outlines and evaluations in order to be considered for each successive level of advancement. Experienced store management training includes advanced merchandising, delegation, personnel management, scheduling, payroll control, harassment and discrimination prevention and loss prevention. On a yearly basis, we require all employees to complete workplace anti-discrimination and harassment training in order to foster a heightened awareness and help eliminate biases that may adversely impact the corporate, distribution center and store spaces. Our overall training strategy and LMS enable us to efficiently manage, monitor, assign and report employee training results online and in real time. During the COVID-19 pandemic, to provide for the safety of our employees and customers, we have taken many actions in our stores, corporate office and distribution center spaces based on the needs, risks, and regulations present in each community and facility. We continue to monitor the business and regulatory environment and expect to continue to adapt our operations to address federal, state, and local requirements, as well as to implement standards or processes that we determine to be in the best interest of our employees and customers. Description of Service Marks and Trademarks We use the “Big 5” and “Big 5 Sporting Goods” names as service marks in connection with our business operations and have registered these names as federal service marks. The renewal dates for these service mark registrations are in 2025 and 2033, respectively. We have also registered the names Golden Bear, Harsh, Pacifica and Rugged Exposure as federal trademarks under which we sell a variety of merchandise. The renewal dates for these trademark registrations range from 2026 to 2028. We intend to renew these service mark and trademark registrations if we are still using the marks in commerce and they continue to provide value to us at the time of renewal. 9 ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS An investment in the Company entails risks and uncertainties including the following. You should carefully consider these risk factors when evaluating any investment in the Company. Any of these risks and uncertainties could cause our actual results to differ materially from the results contemplated by the forward-looking statements set forth herein, and could otherwise have a significant adverse impact on our business, prospects, financial condition or results of operations or on the price of our common stock. Risks Related to Our Business and Industry Disruptions in the overall economy and the financial markets may adversely impact our business and results of operations. The retail industry can be greatly affected by macroeconomic factors, including changes in national, regional and local economic conditions, as well as consumers’ perceptions of such economic factors. In general, sales represent discretionary spending by our customers. Discretionary spending is affected by many factors, including general business conditions, interest rates, inflation, consumer debt levels, the availability of consumer credit, currency exchange rates, taxation, gasoline prices, income, unemployment trends, home values and other matters that influence consumer confidence and spending. Many of these factors are outside of our control. We are experiencing, and may continue to experience, increased inflationary pressure on the cost of certain products. Our customers’ purchases of discretionary items, including our products, generally decline during periods when disposable income is lower, when prices increase in response to rising costs, or in periods of actual or perceived unfavorable economic conditions. Deterioration of the consumer spending environment could be harmful to our financial condition and results of operations, could adversely affect our ability to comply with covenants under our credit facility and, as a result, may negatively impact our ability to continue payment of our quarterly dividend, to repurchase our stock and to open additional stores in the manner that we have in the past. During fiscal 2022 and into fiscal 2023, competition for labor and broad-based inflation has caused us to pay higher wage rates and contributed to increased operating expenses. Our quarterly net sales and operating results, reported and expected, can fluctuate substantially, which may adversely affect the market price of our common stock. Our net and same store sales and results of operations, reported and expected, have fluctuated in the past and will vary from quarter to quarter in the future. These fluctuations may adversely affect our financial condition and the market price of our common stock. A number of factors, many of which are outside our control, have historically caused and will continue to cause variations in our quarterly net and same store sales and operating results, including changes in consumer demand for our products, competition in our markets, inflation, increases in operating expense, changes in pricing or other actions taken by our competitors, weather conditions in our markets, natural disasters, litigation, political events, government regulation, changes in accounting standards, changes in management’s accounting estimates or assumptions and economic conditions, including those specific to our western United States markets. Intense competition in the sporting goods industry could limit our growth and reduce our profitability. The retail market for sporting goods is highly fragmented and intensely competitive. We compete directly or indirectly with the following categories of companies, through traditional retail and e-commerce channels: • • • • • sporting goods superstores, such as Academy Sports & Outdoors and Dick’s Sporting Goods; specialty sporting goods shops and pro shops, such as Bass Pro Shops, Cabela’s, Foot Locker, Sportsman’s Warehouse and REI; mass merchandisers, discount stores and department stores, such as Walmart, Target, Kohl’s and JC Penney; e-commerce retailers, such as Amazon.com; and athletic and sporting goods brands that engage in direct-to-consumer sales, such as adidas and Under Armour. Some of our competitors have a larger number of stores, greater e-commerce capabilities or greater financial, distribution, marketing and other resources than we have. If our competitors reduce their prices, it may be difficult for us to retain market share without reducing our prices, which could impact our margins. As a result of this competition, we may also need to spend more on advertising and promotion than we anticipate. Increased competition in our current markets or the adoption or proliferation by competitors of innovative store formats, aggressive pricing strategies and retail sales methods, such as e-commerce, could cause us to lose market share and could have a material adverse effect on our business. While e-commerce has been a rapidly growing sales channel and an increasing source of competition in the retail industry, sales from our e- commerce channel are not material to our operations. We have no assurance that our e-commerce efforts will prove profitable, whether due to product preferences of online buyers, ability to compete with other (often more established) online retailers, or for other reasons, such as the cannibalization of sales from our existing store base. If we are unable to compete successfully, our operating results may suffer. 10 A reduction or loss of product from a key supplier could cause our net sales and profitability to suffer. In fiscal 2023, we purchased merchandise from over 600 vendors, and our 20 largest vendors collectively accounted for 39.3% of our total purchases. One vendor represented greater than 5% of total purchases in fiscal 2023, at 5.1%. If there are disruptions in supply from a principal supplier or distributor, we may be unable to obtain merchandise that we desire to sell and that consumers desire to purchase. A vendor could discontinue or restrict selling products to us at any time for reasons that may or may not be within our control. The increased development of direct-to-consumer initiatives by athletic and sporting goods brands could result in additional restrictions on the products available for us to purchase and sell. Our net sales and profitability could decline if we are unable to promptly replace a product vendor that is unwilling or unable to satisfy our requirements with a vendor providing equally appealing products. Moreover, many of our key suppliers provide us with incentives, such as return privileges, volume purchase allowances and co-operative advertising. A decline or discontinuation of these incentives could reduce our profits. If we fail to anticipate changes in consumer preferences, we may experience lower net sales, higher inventory, higher inventory markdowns and lower margins. Our products must appeal to a broad range of consumers whose preferences cannot be predicted with certainty. These preferences are also subject to change and can be impacted by various factors, including sports participation levels in our market areas, the performance of sports teams for which we sell licensed products, weather conditions in our market areas and regulatory or political changes. Our success depends upon our ability to anticipate and respond in a timely manner to consumer trends and consumers’ participation in sports and other recreational activities for which we sell products. If we fail to identify and respond in a timely manner to these changes, our net sales and profitability may decline. In addition, because we often make commitments to purchase products from our vendors up to nine months in advance of the proposed delivery, if we misjudge the market for our merchandise or conditions change after we have committed to purchase products, we may overstock unpopular products and be forced to take inventory markdowns that could have a negative impact on profitability. If we are unable to effectively and efficiently connect with our customers through our advertising and marketing programs, our operating results may suffer. We historically utilized print advertising programs that included newspaper inserts, direct mailers and courier-delivered inserts in order to effectively deliver our message to our targeted markets. Newspaper circulation and readership has been declining, and in 2020, in response to the novel coronavirus (“COVID-19”) pandemic, we accelerated the reduction of our print advertising programs. The consumer preferences for certain of our product categories that have driven positive sales during the COVID-19 outbreak have not continued after the outbreak has subsided, and we may need to increase advertising and promotional activity from the current historically low levels in an effort to drive customer traffic and sales, which could impact our profitability. While we expect to continue to benefit from reduced print advertising activity in the foreseeable future, if our efforts to evolve our advertising programs fail or we are unable to develop other effective strategies to reach potential customers within our desired markets, awareness of our stores, products and promotions could decline and our net sales could suffer. The COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted and could in the future disrupt our business, which could have a material adverse impact on our business, results of operations, liquidity and financial condition for an extended period of time. As COVID-19 continues to evolve, we may be further required to restrict the operations of our stores or our distribution facility if recommended or mandated by authorities. If the classification of what is an “essential” business changes in jurisdictions where our stores are located, or the restrictions on retail operations in our markets are reinstituted, or other government regulations are adopted pertaining to how we may operate our stores, we may be required to temporarily close or restrict operations at more, if not all, of our stores, or incur additional expense to operate our stores, which would significantly impact our sales and results of operations. Additionally, if we do not respond appropriately to the pandemic, or if customers do not perceive our response to be adequate for a particular region or our company as a whole, we could suffer damage to our reputation and our brand, which could adversely affect our business in the future. COVID-19 has also impacted our supply chain for products we sell, particularly those products that are sourced from Asia. To the extent one or more of our vendors or shipping or port facilities are negatively impacted by COVID-19, including due to the closure of its distribution centers or manufacturing facilities, we may be unable to maintain delivery schedules or adequate inventory in our stores. Future prolonged and sustained delays in product reaching our stores from overseas vendors, particularly during the holiday season, could result in our inability to obtain adequate levels of merchandise inventories to meet our consumers’ needs, which could have an adverse impact on our net sales and profitability. 11 The extent to which the COVID-19 outbreak impacts our business, results of operations, liquidity and financial condition will depend on future developments, which are highly uncertain and cannot be predicted, including, but not limited to the duration, spread, severity and impact of the COVID-19 outbreak, the effects of the outbreak on our customers, employees and vendors, the regulatory response and impact of stimulus measures adopted by local, state and federal governments, and to what extent normal economic and operating conditions can resume. Additionally, the consumer preferences for certain product categories that have driven positive sales during the COVID-19 outbreak have not continued after the outbreak has subsided, and any further negative change in consumer preferences could negatively impact our results of operations. We may need to increase advertising and promotional activity from the current historically low levels in an effort to drive customer traffic and sales, which could impact our profitability. Furthermore, the financial condition of our customers and vendors may be adversely impacted by the pandemic, which may result in a decrease in discretionary consumer spending and our store traffic and sales, and an increase in bankruptcies or insolvencies with respect to our vendors. These events may, in turn, have a material adverse impact on our business, results of operations, liquidity and financial condition. Because our stores are concentrated in the western United States, we are subject to regional risks. Our stores are located in the western United States. Because of this, we are subject to regional risks, such as the economy, including downturns in the housing market, state financial conditions, unemployment and gas prices. Other regional risks include adverse weather and climate conditions, power outages, earthquakes and other natural disasters specific to the states in which we operate. For example, particularly in California where we have a high concentration of stores, seasonal factors such as unfavorable weather conditions or other localized conditions including flooding, drought, fires, earthquakes or electricity blackouts could impact our sales and harm our operations. State and local regulatory compliance, such as with recent minimum wage increases in our market areas, also can impact our financial results. Economic downturns or other adverse regional events could have an adverse impact upon our net sales and profitability and our ability to open additional stores in the manner that we have in the past. Additionally, California is subject to a property tax law commonly referred to as Proposition 13, which allows properties to be reassessed only at the time of change in ownership or completion of construction, and annual property reassessments are limited to a 2% increase from previously- assessed values thereafter. As a result, Proposition 13 generally results in significant below-market assessed values over time. From time to time, and recently, lawmakers and political coalitions have initiated efforts to repeal or amend Proposition 13 to eliminate its application to commercial and industrial properties. Since we lease all of our store locations, as well as our corporate offices and distribution center facilities in California, and are required under the terms of our leases to pay property taxes thereon, any repeal of Proposition 13 could substantially increase the assessed values and property taxes we pay for our leased properties in California. A significant amount of our sales is impacted by seasonal weather conditions in our markets. Because many of the products we sell are used for seasonal outdoor sporting and recreational activities, our business is significantly impacted by weather and climate conditions in our markets. For example, our winter sports and apparel sales are dependent on cold winter weather and snowfall in our markets and can be negatively impacted by unseasonably warm or dry weather in our markets during the winter product selling season. Conversely, sales of our spring products and summer products, such as baseball gear and camping and water sports equipment, can be adversely impacted by unseasonably cold or wet weather in those periods. Accordingly, our sales results and financial condition will typically suffer when weather and climate patterns do not conform to seasonal norms. This dynamic could be amplified if climate change disrupts climate patterns or otherwise increases the volatility of weather in our markets. Uncharacteristic or significant weather conditions or natural disasters and the impacts of climate change could adversely affect our results of operations. Uncharacteristic or significant weather conditions, including the physical impacts of climate change, can affect consumer shopping patterns, particularly for seasonal items, which could lead to lower sales and adversely affect our results of operations. In addition, we have significant operations in certain states where natural disasters are more prevalent. Natural disasters in those states could result in significant physical damage to or closure of one or more of our stores, distribution center, or key vendors. In addition, weather conditions, natural disasters, and other catastrophic events in areas where we or our vendors operate, or depend upon for continued operations, could adversely affect the availability and cost of certain products within our supply chain, affect consumer purchasing power, and reduce consumer demand. Any of these events could adversely affect our results of operations. 12 The long-term effects of global climate change are expected to be widespread and unpredictable, and potential impacts present a variety of risks. The physical effects of climate change, such as extreme weather conditions, drought, and rising sea levels, could adversely affect our results of operations, including by increasing our energy costs, disrupting our supply chain, negatively impacting our workforce, damaging our stores, distribution center, and inventory, and threatening the habitability of the locations in which we operate. In addition to physical risks, the potential impacts of climate change also present transitional risks, including regulatory and reputational risks. Our business is subject to seasonal fluctuations, and unanticipated changes in our customers’ seasonal buying patterns can impact our business. We experience seasonal fluctuations in our net sales and operating results. Seasonality influences our buying patterns which directly impacts our merchandise and accounts payable levels and cash flows. We purchase merchandise for seasonal activities in advance of a season and supplement our merchandise assortment as necessary and when possible during the season. Our efforts to replenish products during a season are not always successful. In the fourth fiscal quarter, which includes the holiday selling season and the start of the winter selling season, we normally experience higher inventory purchase volumes and increased expense for staffing and advertising. If we miscalculate the consumer demand for our products generally or for our product mix in advance of a season, our net sales can decline, which can harm our financial performance. A significant shortfall from expected net sales, particularly in the fourth fiscal quarter, can negatively impact our annual operating results. All of our stores rely on a single distribution center. Any disruption or other operational difficulties at this distribution center could reduce our net sales or increase our operating expense. We rely on a single distribution center facility located in Riverside, California to service our business. Any natural disaster or other serious disruption to the distribution center due to fire, earthquake or any other cause could damage a significant portion of our inventory and could materially impair both our ability to adequately stock our stores and our net sales and profitability. The lease for our distribution center is scheduled to expire in 2030 with no extension options. Extensions of such lease would likely be at significantly increased rents and our inability to extend such lease could materially impair both our ability to adequately stock our stores and our net sales and profitability. If the security measures used at our distribution center do not prevent inventory theft, our gross profit may significantly decrease. Our distribution center is staffed in part by employees represented by Local 986. We have not had a strike or work stoppage in over 40 years, although such a disruption could have a significant negative impact on our business operations and financial results. Further, in the event that we are unable to grow our net sales sufficiently to allow us to leverage the costs of this distribution center in the manner we anticipate, our financial results could be negatively impacted. Additionally, because we rely on a single distribution center, our store growth could be limited to the geographic areas to which we can efficiently distribute products from this facility. Our store growth also could be limited if our distribution center reaches full capacity. Such constraints could result in a loss of market share and our inability to execute our business plan, which could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations. If we are unable to successfully implement our controlled growth strategy or manage our growing business, our future operating results could suffer. One of our strategies includes opening profitable stores in new and existing markets. Our ability to successfully implement and capitalize on our growth strategy could be negatively affected by various factors including: • • • • • a slowdown of our expansion efforts, or close underperforming stores, as a result of challenging conditions in the retail industry and the economy overall; increased difficulty in finding suitable sites available for leasing within our existing market areas, and our distribution capabilities may limit our ability to expand beyond our current market areas; increased difficulty in negotiating acceptable lease terms; increased difficulty in hiring and retaining qualified store personnel; and increased difficulty in securing the financial resources necessary to fund our expansion plans. In recent years, we have slowed our store openings and strategically closed certain stores as we maintained a cautious approach toward store expansion in the current retail environment, which includes increasing e-commerce competition. If we are unable to resume our store expansion efforts for any of the reasons discussed above, our operating results could suffer. 13 In addition, our expansion in new and existing markets may present competitive, merchandising, marketing and distribution challenges that differ from our current challenges. These potential new challenges include competition among our stores, added strain on our distribution center, additional information to be processed by our information technology (“IT”) systems, diversion of management attention from ongoing operations and challenges associated with managing a larger enterprise. We face additional challenges in entering new markets, including consumers’ lack of awareness of us, difficulties in hiring personnel and problems due to our unfamiliarity with local real estate markets and demographics. New markets may also have different competitive conditions, consumer tastes, responsiveness to advertising and discretionary spending patterns than our existing markets. To the extent that we are not able to meet these new challenges, our net sales could decrease and our operating expense could increase. Because many of the products that we sell are manufactured abroad, we may face delays, increased cost or quality control deficiencies in the importation of these products, which could reduce our net sales and profitability. Like many other sporting goods retailers, a significant portion of the products that we purchase for resale, including those purchased from domestic suppliers, is manufactured abroad in Asia. In addition, we believe most, if not all, of our private label merchandise is manufactured abroad. Foreign imports subject us to the risks of changes in, or the imposition of new, import tariffs, duties or quotas, new restrictions on imports, loss of “most favored nation” status with the United States for a particular foreign country, antidumping or countervailing duty orders, retaliatory actions in response to illegal trade practices, work stoppages, delays in shipment, freight expense increases, product cost increases due to foreign currency fluctuations or revaluations, public health issues that could lead to temporary closures of or delays at facilities or shipping ports, such as the COVID-19 pandemic, and other economic uncertainties. If any of these or other factors were to cause a disruption of trade from the countries in which the suppliers of our vendors are located or impose additional costs in connection with the purchase of our products, we may be unable to obtain sufficient quantities of products to satisfy our requirements and our results of operations could be adversely affected. To the extent that any foreign manufacturers which supply products to us directly or indirectly utilize quality control standards, labor practices or other practices that vary from those legally mandated or commonly accepted in the United States, we could be hurt by any resulting negative publicity or increases in operating costs or, in some cases, face potential liability. In addition, instability in the political and economic environments of the countries in which our vendors or we obtain our products, or general international instability, could have an adverse effect on our operations. In the event of disruptions or delays in supply due to economic or political conditions in foreign countries, such disruptions or delays could adversely affect our results of operations unless and until alternative supply arrangements could be made. In addition, merchandise purchased from alternative sources may be of lesser quality or more expensive than the merchandise we currently purchase abroad. Disruptions in transportation, including disruptions at shipping ports through which our products are imported, could prevent us from timely distribution and delivery of inventory, which could reduce our net sales and profitability. A substantial amount of our inventory is manufactured abroad. From time to time, shipping ports experience capacity constraints, labor strikes, work stoppages or other disruptions that may delay the delivery of imported products. A contract dispute at the ports through which our products travel, particularly the Ports of Los Angeles and Long Beach, could lead to protracted delays in the movement of our products, which could further delay the delivery of products to our stores and impact net sales and profitability. In addition, other conditions outside of our control, such as adverse weather conditions, acts of terrorism or public health issues that could lead to temporary closures of or delays at facilities or shipping ports, such as the COVID-19 pandemic, could significantly disrupt operations at shipping ports or otherwise impact transportation of the imported merchandise we sell. While we have generally been able to sufficiently stock product in our stores to meet most consumer demand, future prolonged and sustained delays in product reaching our stores from overseas vendors, particularly during the holiday season, could result in our inability to obtain adequate levels of merchandise inventories to meet our consumers’ needs, which could have an adverse impact on our net sales and profitability. Our costs may change as a result of currency exchange rate fluctuations or inflation in the purchase cost of merchandise manufactured abroad. We and our suppliers source goods from various countries, including Asia, and thus changes in the value of the U.S. dollar compared to other currencies, or foreign labor and raw material cost inflation, may affect the cost of goods that we purchase. If the cost of goods that we purchase increases, we may not be able to similarly increase the retail prices of goods that we charge consumers without impacting our sales and our operating profits may suffer. 14 Increases in transportation costs due to volatile fuel costs, climate change regulation and other factors may negatively impact our operating results. We rely upon various means of transportation, including ship and truck, to deliver products from vendors to our distribution center and from our distribution center to our stores. Consequently, our results can vary depending upon the price of fuel. The price of oil has fluctuated drastically over the last few years, creating volatility in our fuel costs. In addition, efforts to combat climate change through reduction of greenhouse gases may result in higher fuel costs through taxation or other means. Any such future increases in fuel costs would increase our transportation costs for delivery of product to our distribution center and distribution to our stores, as well as our vendors’ transportation costs, which could decrease our operating profits. In addition, labor shortages or other factors in the transportation industry could negatively affect transportation costs and our ability to supply our stores in a timely manner. In particular, our business is highly dependent on the trucking industry to deliver products to our distribution center and our stores. Our operating results may be adversely affected if we or our vendors are unable to secure adequate trucking resources at competitive prices to fulfill our delivery schedules to our distribution center or stores. Risks Related to Our Capital Structure Our future cash flows may not be sufficient to meet our obligations and we might have difficulty obtaining more financing or refinancing any existing indebtedness on favorable terms. As of December 31, 2023, our long-term revolving credit borrowings outstanding were zero. However, we have historically maintained a leveraged financial position. This means: • • • our ability to obtain financing in the future for working capital, capital expenditures and general corporate purposes might be impeded; we are more vulnerable to economic downturns and our ability to withstand competitive pressures is limited; and we are more vulnerable to increases in interest rates, which may affect our interest expense and negatively impact our operating results. If our business declines, our future cash flows might not be sufficient to meet our obligations and commitments. If we fail to make any required payment under our revolving credit facility, our debt payments may be accelerated under this agreement. In addition, in the event of bankruptcy, insolvency or a material breach of any covenant contained in our revolving credit facility, our debt may be accelerated. This acceleration could also result in the acceleration of other indebtedness that we may have outstanding at that time. The level of our indebtedness, and our ability to service our indebtedness, is directly affected by our cash flows from operations. If we are unable to generate sufficient cash flows from operations to meet our obligations, commitments and covenants of our revolving credit facility, we may be required to refinance or restructure our indebtedness, raise additional debt or equity capital, sell material assets or operations, delay or forego expansion opportunities, or cease or curtail our quarterly dividends or share repurchase plans. These alternative strategies might not be effected on satisfactory terms, if at all. The terms of our revolving credit facility impose operating and financial restrictions on us, which may impair our ability to respond to changing business and economic conditions. The terms of our revolving credit facility impose operating and financial restrictions on us, including, among other things, covenants that require us to maintain a fixed-charge coverage ratio of not less than 1.0 to 1.0 in certain circumstances, restrictions on our ability to incur liens, incur additional indebtedness, transfer or dispose of assets, change the nature of the business, guarantee obligations, pay dividends or make other distributions or repurchase stock, and make advances, loans or investments. For example, our ability to engage in the foregoing transactions will depend upon, among other things, our level of indebtedness at the time of the proposed transaction and whether we are in default under our revolving credit facility. As a result, our ability to respond to changing business and economic conditions and to secure additional financing, if needed, may be significantly restricted, and we may be prevented from engaging in transactions that might further our growth strategy or otherwise benefit us and our stockholders without obtaining consent from our lenders. In addition, our revolving credit facility is secured by a perfected security interest in our assets. In the event of our insolvency, liquidation, dissolution or reorganization, the lenders under our revolving credit facility would be entitled to payment in full from our assets before distributions, if any, were made to our stockholders. 15 Disruptions in the economy and financial markets may adversely impact our lenders. Volatility in capital and credit markets can impact the ability of financial institutions to meet their lending obligations. Based on information available to us, Bank of America, National Association, the lender under our revolving credit facility is currently able to fulfill its commitments thereunder. However, circumstances could arise that may impact its ability to fund its obligations in the future. Although we believe the commitments from our lender under the revolving credit facility, together with our cash on hand and anticipated operating cash flows, should be sufficient to meet our near-term borrowing requirements, if Bank of America, National Association, or any other lender under the credit facility from time to time, is for any reason unable to perform its lending or administrative commitments under the facility, then disruptions to our business could result and may require us to replace this facility with a new facility or to raise capital from alternative sources on less favorable terms, including higher rates of interest. Risks Related to Regulatory, Legislative and Legal Matters Current and future government regulation may negatively impact demand for our products and increase our cost of conducting business. The conduct of our business, and the distribution, sale, advertising, labeling, safety, transportation and use of many of our products are subject to various laws and regulations administered by federal, state and local governmental agencies in the United States, as well as regulations administered by various youth sports leagues and organizations. These laws and regulations may change, sometimes dramatically, as a result of political, economic or social events, such as the state and local stay-at-home orders issued in our markets in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. Changes in laws, regulations or governmental policy may alter the environment in which we do business and the demand for our products and, therefore, may impact our financial results or increase our liabilities. Some of these laws and regulations include: • • • • • • • • • laws and regulations governing the manner in which we advertise or sell our products; laws and regulations that prohibit or limit the sale, in certain localities, of certain products we offer, such as firearm-related products; laws and regulations governing the activities for which we sell products, such as hunting and fishing; laws and regulations governing consumer products generally, such as the federal Consumer Product Safety Act and Consumer Product Safety Improvement Act, as well as similar state laws; labor and employment laws, such as minimum wage or living wage laws, paid time off and other wage and hour laws; laws requiring mandatory health insurance for employees, such as the Affordable Care Act; U.S. customs laws and regulations pertaining to duties and tariffs, including proper item classification, quotas and payment of duties and tariffs; laws and regulations governing consumer privacy, such as the California Consumer Privacy Act; and laws and regulations designed to address climate change, including measuring, reporting and mitigating greenhouse gas emissions. Changes in these and other laws and regulations or additional regulation could cause the demand for and sales of our products to decrease. Moreover, complying with increased or changed regulations could cause our cost of obtaining products and our operating expense to increase. This could adversely affect our net sales and profitability. We may be subject to periodic litigation that may adversely affect our business and financial performance. From time to time, we may be involved in lawsuits and regulatory actions relating to our business, certain of which may be maintained in jurisdictions with reputations for aggressive application of laws and procedures against corporate defendants. Due to the inherent uncertainties of litigation and regulatory proceedings, we cannot accurately predict the ultimate outcome of any such proceedings. An unfavorable outcome could have a material adverse impact on our business, results of operations and financial condition. In addition, regardless of the outcome of any litigation or regulatory proceedings, these proceedings could result in substantial costs and may require that we devote substantial resources to defend against these claims, which could impact our results of operations. In particular, we may be involved in lawsuits related to employment, advertising and other matters, including class action lawsuits brought against us for alleged violations of the Fair Labor Standards Act, state wage and hour laws, state or federal advertising laws and other laws. An unfavorable outcome or settlement in any such proceeding could, in addition to requiring us to pay any settlement or judgment amount, increase our operating expense as a consequence of any resulting changes we might be required to make in employment, advertising or other business practices. 16 In addition, we sell products manufactured by third parties, some of which may be defective. Many such products are manufactured overseas in countries which may utilize quality control standards that vary from those legally allowed or commonly accepted in the United States, which may increase our risk that such products may be defective. If any products that we sell were to cause physical injury or injury to property, the injured party or parties could bring claims against us as the retailer of the products based upon strict product liability. In addition, our products are subject to the federal Consumer Product Safety Act and the Consumer Product Safety Improvement Act, which empower the Consumer Product Safety Commission to protect consumers from hazardous products. The Consumer Product Safety Commission has the authority to exclude from the market and recall certain consumer products that are found to be hazardous. Similar laws exist in some states and cities in the United States. If we fail to comply with government and industry safety standards or reporting requirements, we may be subject to claims, lawsuits, product recalls, fines and negative publicity that could harm our results of operations and financial condition. We also sell firearm-related products, which may be associated with an increased risk of injury and related lawsuits. We may incur losses due to lawsuits relating to our compliance with firearm and ammunition laws as mandated by city, municipality, state and federal law, or the performance of background checks in connection with firearms or ammunition purchases, or the improper use of firearms sold by us. This may include, for example, lawsuits by individuals, government entities or other organizations attempting to recover damages or costs from firearms manufacturers and retailers relating to the sale, advertisement, misuse, loss, or release of firearms or ammunition. Commencement of these lawsuits against us could reduce our net sales and decrease our profitability. The sale of firearm-related products also may present reputational risks and negative publicity that could affect consumers’ perception of us or willingness to shop with us, which could harm our results of operations and financial condition. The insurance coverage under policies that we maintain or that our product vendors maintain and under which we may be insured may not be adequate to cover claims that could be asserted against us. If a successful claim was to be brought against us in excess of our insurance coverage, or for which we have no insurance coverage, it could harm our business. Even unsuccessful claims could result in the expenditure of substantial funds and management time and could have a negative impact on our business. In addition, the cost of maintaining adequate insurance coverage could increase based on claims asserted against us, the type of products that we sell and market conditions generally. The sale of firearm-related products is subject to strict regulation, which could affect our operating results. Regulations which took effect January 1, 2024 contributed to the discontinuation of firearm sales in our California markets. While this impact is expected to be immaterial, because we continue to sell firearms in our other markets and firearm-related products in all of our markets, we are required to comply with federal, state and local laws and regulations pertaining to the purchase, storage, transfer and sale of such products. These laws and regulations require us to, among other things, obtain and maintain federal, state or local permits or licenses in order to sell firearms or ammunition, ensure that certain employees obtain licenses to sell firearms or ammunition, ensure that all purchasers of firearms are subjected to a pre-sale background check and other requirements, record the details of each firearm sale on appropriate government-issued forms, record each receipt or transfer of a firearm at our distribution center or any store location on acquisition and disposition records, and maintain these records for a specified period of time. Additionally, in certain jurisdictions we are required to obtain a license to sell ammunition or record the details of each ammunition sale and maintain these records for a specified period of time. We also are required to timely respond to traces of firearms by law enforcement agencies. Over the past several years, the purchase and sale of firearm-related products has been the subject of increased federal, state and local regulation, such as new minimum age restriction laws, ammunition sales laws, and new security laws. These regulatory efforts are likely to continue in our current markets and other markets into which we may expand. If enacted, new laws and regulations could limit the types of firearm-related products that we are permitted to purchase and sell, impose new restrictions and requirements on the manner in which we purchase, sell and store these products, increase regulatory fees charged to the consumer and impact our ability to offer these products in certain retail locations or markets. If we fail to comply with existing or newly enacted laws and regulations relating to the purchase and sale of firearm-related products, our permits or licenses to sell firearm-related products at our stores or maintain inventory of firearm-related products at our distribution center may be suspended or revoked. We may also incur losses related to these products if we fail to obtain or timely renew a necessary license. If this occurs, our net sales and profitability could suffer. Further, complying with increased regulation relating to the sale of firearm-related products could cause our operating expense to increase and this could adversely affect our results of operations. 17 Risks Related to Investing in Our Common Stock The declaration of discretionary dividend payments or the repurchase of our common stock pursuant to our share repurchase program may not continue. We currently pay quarterly dividends subject to capital availability and periodic determinations by our Board of Directors that cash dividends are in the best interest of us and our stockholders. Our dividend policy may be affected by, among other items, business conditions, our financial condition, our views on potential future capital requirements, the terms of our debt instruments, legal risks, changes in federal income tax law and challenges to our business model. Our dividend policy may change from time to time and we may or may not continue to declare discretionary dividend payments. Additionally, we are not obligated to make any purchases pursuant to the share repurchase program authorized by our Board of Directors and we may reduce the amount of purchases we make under the program or discontinue the program at any time. If we are unable to establish and maintain adequate internal controls over financial reporting, we may not be able to report our financial results in a timely and reliable manner, which could lead to a loss of investor confidence and result in a decline in the market price of our common stock. Adequate and effective internal controls are necessary for us to provide reliable financial reports and to effectively prevent fraud. If we are unable to provide reliable financial reports and effectively prevent fraud, our reputation and operating results could be harmed. Even established adequate and effective internal controls have inherent limitations, including the possibility of human error, the circumvention or overriding of controls, or fraud. Therefore, even established adequate and effective internal controls can provide only reasonable assurance with respect to the preparation and fair presentation of financial statements. In addition, projections of any evaluation of adequate and effective internal controls over financial reporting in future periods are subject to the risk that the control may become inadequate because of changes in conditions or a deterioration in the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures. If we fail to maintain adequate and effective internal controls, including any failure to implement new or improved controls, or if we experience difficulties in their implementation, we may be unable to meet our reporting obligations in a timely and reliable manner, and there could be a material adverse effect on our business and financial results. If our current control environment deteriorates, investors may lose confidence which could adversely affect the market price of our common stock. Our anti-takeover provisions could prevent or delay a change in control of our Company, even if such change of control would be beneficial to our stockholders. Provisions of our amended and restated certificate of incorporation and Second Amended and Restated Bylaws (“Bylaws”) as well as provisions of Delaware law could discourage, delay or prevent a merger, acquisition or other change in control of our Company, even if such change in control would be beneficial to our stockholders. The provisions of our amended and restated certificate of incorporation, amended and restated bylaws and Delaware law that could discourage, delay or prevent a merger, acquisition or other change in control include: • • • • • • a Board of Directors that is classified such that two or three of the seven directors, depending on classification, are elected each year and each director is elected for a three-year term; limitations on the ability of stockholders to call special meetings of stockholders; prohibition of stockholder action by written consent and requiring all stockholder actions to be taken at a meeting of our stockholders; a requirement in our certificate of incorporation that stockholder amendments to our bylaws and certain amendments to our certificate of incorporation must be approved by 80% of the outstanding shares of our capital stock; authorization of the issuance of “blank check” preferred stock that could be issued by our Board of Directors to increase the number of outstanding shares and thwart a takeover attempt; and establishment of advance notice requirements for nominations for election to the Board of Directors or for proposing matters that can be acted upon by stockholders at stockholder meetings. In addition, Section 203 of the Delaware General Corporations Law (“DGCL”) limits business combination transactions with 15% stockholders that have not been approved by the Board of Directors. These provisions and other similar provisions make it more difficult for a third party to acquire us without negotiation. These provisions may apply even if the transaction may be considered beneficial by some stockholders. 18 Our Bylaws designate certain state or federal courts as the exclusive forum for certain litigation that may be initiated by our stockholders, which could limit stockholders’ ability to obtain a favorable judicial forum for disputes with us and may impose additional costs on us and our stockholders. Our Bylaws provide that, unless we consent to the selection of an alternative forum: (a) the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware (the “Chancery Court”) (or, in the event that the Chancery Court does not have jurisdiction, the federal district court or other state courts located within the State of Delaware) shall be the sole and exclusive forum for (i) any derivative action, suit or proceeding brought on our behalf, (ii) any action, suit or proceeding asserting a breach of a fiduciary duty, (iii) any action, suit or proceeding arising pursuant to any provision of the DGCL or our Certificate of Incorporation or Bylaws or (iv) any action, suit or proceeding asserting a claim against us that is governed by the internal affairs doctrine; and (b) subject to the preceding provisions, federal district courts of the United States of America shall be the exclusive forum for the resolution of any complaint or cause of action arising under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, including all causes of action asserted against any defendant to such complaint. We refer to the above provisions as the forum selection provisions and we refer to the bylaw provision governing causes of action under the Securities Act of 1933 as the federal forum selection provision. The Bylaws further enable us to initiate an action against a stockholder to enforce the forum selection provisions should the stockholder sue, or threaten to sue, in another jurisdiction. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the forum selection provisions shall not apply to suits brought to enforce any liability or duty created by the Exchange Act or any other claim for which the federal courts of the United States have exclusive jurisdiction. Our forum selection provisions do not relieve us of our duties to comply with the federal securities laws and the rules and regulations thereunder, and our stockholders are not deemed to have waived our compliance with the same. Any person or entity purchasing or otherwise acquiring any interest in security of our Company is deemed to have notice of and consented to the forum selection provisions. These forum selection provisions may impose additional costs on stockholders pursuing claims described above. They may limit a stockholder’s ability to bring a claim in a judicial forum that it finds favorable for disputes with us or any of our directors, officers, other team members or stockholders, which may discourage the filing of lawsuits against our Company and our officers and directors, even though an action, if successful, might benefit stockholders. The Chancery Court and the federal district courts of the United States may also reach different judgments or results than would other courts, including courts where a stockholder considering an action may be located or would otherwise choose to bring the action, and such judgments may be more or less favorable to our company than our stockholders. Section 22 of the Securities Act of 1933 creates concurrent jurisdiction for federal and state courts over all suits brought to enforce any duty or liability created by the Securities Act of 1933. While the Delaware Supreme Court ruled in March 2020 that federal forum selection provisions purporting to require claims under the Securities Act of 1933 be brought in federal court are ‘facially valid’ under Delaware law, there is uncertainty as to whether other courts will enforce that provision. If a court were to find any forum selection provision contained in our Bylaws to be inapplicable or unenforceable in an action, we may incur additional costs associated with resolving such action in other jurisdictions, which could harm our business, results of operations and financial conditions. The forum selection provisions may also impose additional litigation costs on stockholders who assert that the provision is not enforceable or invalid. Significant stockholders or potential stockholders may attempt to effect changes or acquire control over our Company, which could adversely affect our results of operations and financial condition. Stockholders may from time to time attempt to effect changes, engage in proxy solicitations or advance stockholder proposals, all of which may increase with the effectiveness of SEC universal proxy rules. Responding to proxy contests and other actions by activist stockholders can be costly and time-consuming, disrupting our operations and diverting the attention of our Board of Directors and senior management from the pursuit of business strategies. As a result, stockholder campaigns could adversely affect our results of operations and financial condition. General Risk Factors If we lose key management or are unable to attract and retain the talent required for our business, our operating results could suffer. Our future success depends to a significant degree on the skills, experience and efforts of Steven G. Miller, our Chairman, President and Chief Executive Officer, and other key personnel with longstanding tenure who are not obligated to stay with us. The loss of the services of any of these individuals for any reason could harm our business and operations. In addition, as our business grows and evolves, we will need to attract and retain additional qualified management personnel in a timely manner to hire, develop, train and manage an increasing number of middle-level management, sales associates and other employees. 19 During fiscal 2022 and continuing into fiscal 2023, competition for qualified employees intensified, requiring us to pay higher wages. In the future, increases in the cost of living in our market areas could require us to pay higher wages and benefits to attract a sufficient number of qualified employees and increases in the minimum wage or other employee benefit costs could increase our operating expense. If we are unable to attract and retain personnel as needed in the future, our net sales growth and operating results may suffer. Our information technology systems are critical to the functioning of our business and are vulnerable to failure, damage, theft or intrusion that could harm our operations. Our success, in particular our ability to successfully manage inventory levels and process customer transactions, largely depends upon the efficient operation of our IT systems. We use IT systems to track inventory at the store level and aggregate daily sales information, communicate customer information and process purchasing card transactions, process shipments of goods and report financial information. These systems and our operations are vulnerable to damage or interruption from: • • • • • earthquake, fire, flood and other natural disasters; failed system implementations; power loss, computer systems failures, Internet and telecommunications or data network failures, third-party vendor system failures, operator negligence, improper operation by or supervision of employees; physical and electronic loss of data, security breaches, misappropriation, data theft and similar events; and computer viruses, worms, Trojan horses, intrusions, or other external threats. Any failure of our IT systems that causes an interruption in our operations, loss of data, or a decrease in inventory tracking could result in reduced net sales and profitability. Additionally, if any data intrusion, security breach, misappropriation or theft were to occur, we could incur significant costs in responding to such event, including responding to any resulting claims, litigation or investigations, which could harm our operating results. Breach of data security or other unauthorized disclosure of sensitive or confidential information could harm our business, employees and standing with our customers. The protection of our customer, employee and business data is critical to us. Our business, like that of most retailers, involves the receipt, storage and transmission of customers’ personal information, consumer preferences and payment card information, as well as confidential information about our employees, our suppliers and our Company. We rely on commercially available systems, software, tools and monitoring to provide security for processing, transmission and storage of all such data, including confidential information. Despite the security measures we have in place, our facilities and systems, and those of our third-party service providers, may be vulnerable to security breaches, acts of vandalism, computer viruses, data theft, misplaced or lost data, programming or human errors, or other similar events. Unauthorized parties may attempt to gain access to our systems or information through fraud or other means, including deceiving our employees or third-party service providers. The methods used to obtain unauthorized access, disable or degrade service, or sabotage systems are also constantly changing and evolving, and may be difficult to anticipate or detect for long periods of time. We have implemented and regularly review and update our control systems, processes and procedures to protect against unauthorized access to or use of secured data and to prevent data loss. However, the ever-evolving threats mean we must continually evaluate and adapt our systems and processes, and there is no guarantee that they will be adequate to safeguard against all data security breaches or misuses of data. Any security breach involving the misappropriation, loss or other unauthorized disclosure of customer payment card or personal information or employee personal or confidential information, whether by us or our vendors, could damage our reputation, expose us to risk of regulatory enforcement, litigation and liability, disrupt our operations, harm our business and have an adverse impact upon our net sales and profitability. In addition, as the regulatory environment related to information security, data collection and use, and privacy becomes increasingly rigorous, with new and changing requirements applicable to our business, compliance with those requirements could also result in additional costs. 20 Terrorism and the uncertainty of war may harm our operating results. Terrorist attacks or acts of war may cause damage or disruption to us and our employees, facilities, information systems, vendors and customers, which could significantly impact our net sales, profitability and financial condition. The ongoing conflicts in Ukraine and the Middle East may lead to disruption in the global supply chain, rising fuel costs, or cybersecurity risks, and economic instability generally, any of which could materially and adversely affect our business and results of operations. Terrorist attacks could also have a significant impact on ports or international shipping on which we are substantially dependent for the supply of much of the merchandise we sell. Our corporate headquarters is located near Los Angeles International Airport and the Port of Los Angeles, which have been identified as potential terrorism targets. The potential for future terrorist attacks, the national and international responses to terrorist attacks and other acts of war or hostility may cause greater uncertainty and cause our business to suffer in ways that we cannot currently predict. Military action taken in response to such attacks could also have a short or long-term negative economic impact upon the financial markets, international shipping and our business in general. Changes in accounting standards and subjective assumptions, estimates and judgments by management related to complex accounting matters could significantly affect our financial results. Accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America and related accounting standards, implementation guidelines and interpretations with regard to a wide range of matters that are relevant to our business, such as revenue recognition; income taxes; the carrying amount of merchandise inventories, property and equipment, lease assets and lease liabilities; valuation allowances for receivables, sales returns and deferred income tax assets; estimates related to stored-value card breakage and the valuation of share-based compensation awards; and obligations related to litigation, self- insurance liabilities and employee benefits are highly complex and may involve many subjective assumptions, estimates and judgments by our management. Changes in these rules or their interpretation or changes in underlying assumptions, estimates or judgments by our management could significantly change our reported or expected financial performance. ITEM 1B. UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS None. ITEM 1C. CYBERSECURITY We maintain processes intended to identify, assess, and manage material risks from cybersecurity threats, and these processes are subject to oversight from our management and Board of Directors. As the global cybersecurity environment evolves, we have processes designed to help evaluate and prioritize our response to the impact of ever-growing cybersecurity risk on our operations, along with the potential related cost to our business. Our Information Security (“InfoSec”) department has responsibility for protecting our computer systems, related information technology (“IT”) infrastructure and information (including when processed by third-party service providers). However, given that cybersecurity is an enterprise risk, and not just an IT function, we maintain a cross-functional approach to cybersecurity. Accordingly, while many processes and policies are initiated by the InfoSec team, risks and controls are also assessed at the department and enterprise levels. Risk Management and Strategy Cybersecurity risk is identified and managed through a variety of means. However, there can be no assurance that our cybersecurity risk management processes, including policies, controls, or procedures, will be fully implemented, complied with or effective in protecting our systems and information. We have established an Enterprise Risk Management (“ERM”) program that focuses on the identification, evaluation, and mitigation of risks facing us as a whole. The ERM Committee, which consists of executives representing a broad base of our operations, meets semi-annually after updating its company-wide risk assessment, which includes cybersecurity risk. The Internal Audit team focuses on risks specific to Information Technology General Controls (“ITGC”) which impact financial reporting systems. The InfoSec department is responsible for implementing and maintaining our IT security-related policies including those policies which govern cybersecurity matters. The InfoSec department also engages independent third parties to conduct various types of risk assessments to evaluate our security program, including various types of independent security access testing and scoring of the security program against certain recognized cybersecurity frameworks. While we use such frameworks as a guide, this does not imply that we meet any particular technical standards, specifications or requirements. 21 The InfoSec department is comprised of three functional groups consisting of Security Operations (“SecOps”), Security Assurance & Compliance, and Identity & Access Management (“IAM”). The SecOps functional group consists of in-house cybersecurity analysts and managed services that are responsible for monitoring key cybersecurity alerts, investigating potential cybersecurity incidents, and searching for and responding to critical threats. Additionally, and as supported by the Security Assurance & Compliance functional group, we strive to comply with multiple applicable regulatory compliance frameworks, such as Internal Control Over Financial Reporting (“ICOFR”) and the Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard (“PCI DSS”), and have put in place related IT controls designed to play a role towards compliance. The primary objective of the IAM functional group is to balance the need for access to resources with the necessity for strong cybersecurity, compliance, and governance, which they attempt to achieve by implementing and maintaining access policies and authentication and authorization methods. We are not aware of any cybersecurity incidents that have materially affected or are reasonably likely to materially affect our business strategy, operations, results of operations or financial condition. We face certain ongoing risks from cybersecurity threats and vulnerabilities that, if realized, could reasonably likely materially affect our business strategy, operations, results of operations or financial condition. Those and other risks and uncertainties are more fully described in Part I, Item 1A, Risk Factors, in this report. Governance The Board of Directors and senior management have the responsibility for overseeing our risk management as a whole. To assist with this responsibility, the VP of InfoSec reports to the Chief Information Officer (“CIO”) and hosts quarterly briefings for the Executive Security Committee (“ESC”), consisting of executives from various departments selected to monitor and evaluate IT-related security risks, including IT, operations, loss prevention, legal, internal audit and others. The VP of InfoSec also presents to the Board of Directors at least annually. Communications and reporting to the ESC and Board of Directors include key security program and performance metrics, internal and external threat landscape, status of cybersecurity initiatives and future projects under consideration. Results of the ERM program, including significant risks, risk evaluation and mitigation efforts, are presented to the Board of Directors at least annually. In addition to the regular reporting, cybersecurity incidents identified by InfoSec or executives that meet or have the potential of meeting certain materiality thresholds are communicated to senior management. After evaluation, if deemed appropriate, cybersecurity incidents are reported to the Board of Directors. Our management has significant experience in managing and leading IT and cybersecurity teams. The VP of the InfoSec Team holds several industry certifications including the Certified Information Security Manager (“CISM”), Certified Information Privacy Manager (“CIPM”) and the GIAC Strategic Planning, Policy, and Leadership (“GSTRT”) certifications. Prior to joining us, the VP of InfoSec helped to successfully develop and maintain security, compliance and privacy programs for two multi-national organizations. Our CIO has held this position for eight years, was the original designer of our security and compliance programs and has provided oversight of our security program for approximately 20 years. ITEM 2. PROPERTIES Properties Our primary corporate headquarters are located at 2525 East El Segundo Boulevard, El Segundo, California 90245, with a satellite office located nearby at 2401 East El Segundo Boulevard, El Segundo, California 90245. We lease 55,000 square feet of office and adjoining retail space related to our primary corporate headquarters, and we lease 11,500 square feet related to our satellite office. The lease for the primary corporate headquarters is scheduled to expire on February 28, 2026 and provides us with one five-year renewal option. We are terminating the lease for 3,500 square feet of our satellite office as of February 29, 2024 as part of our effort to consolidate operations and manage our expense structure. The lease for the remainder of the satellite office is scheduled to expire on February 28, 2026 and provides us with no remaining options. We own a parcel of land with an existing building adjacent to our corporate headquarters location. We currently lease a portion of the parcel of land, including the building, to a restaurant retailer. The lease is scheduled to expire on February 28, 2030, or earlier by providing the lessee with a one- year written notice. The remaining portion of the parcel of land includes a parking lot that we currently use for our corporate headquarters. Our distribution facility is located in Riverside, California and has 953,000 square feet of warehouse and office space. Our lease for the distribution center is scheduled to expire on August 31, 2025 and includes one additional five-year renewal option. In January 2024, as part of our effort to consolidate operations and manage our expense structure, we moved out of an additional 172,000 square-foot distribution space adjacent to our distribution center that we used for additional capacity. Our lease for this additional facility is scheduled to expire on August 31, 2025 and includes three additional five-year renewal options. We are currently exploring alternatives for this space, including subleasing the facility if conditions are favorable. 22 We lease all of our retail store sites. Most of our store leases contain multiple fixed-price renewal options having a typical duration of five years per option. As of December 31, 2023, of our total store leases, 67 leases are due to expire in the next five years without renewal options. We intend to renegotiate most of these leases as they expire, either for existing store locations or new leases for substantially equivalent locations in the same general area. Our Stores Throughout our history, we have focused on operating traditional, full-line sporting goods stores. Our stores generally range from 8,000 to 15,000 square feet and average approximately 12,000 square feet. Our typical store is located in either a free-standing street location or a multi-store shopping center. Our numerous convenient locations and accessible store format encourage frequent customer visits, resulting in approximately 19.7 million sales transactions and an average transaction size of approximately $45 in fiscal 2023. The following table details our store locations by state as of December 31, 2023: State California Washington Arizona Oregon Colorado New Mexico Nevada Utah Idaho Texas Wyoming Total Year Entered 1955 1984 1993 1995 2001 1995 1978 1997 1994 1995 2010 Number of Stores (1) Percentage of Total Number of Stores 223 45 41 29 22 19 19 18 11 2 1 430 51.9 % 10.5 9.5 6.7 5.1 4.4 4.4 4.2 2.6 0.5 0.2 100.0 % (1) In the first two months of fiscal 2024, we closed six stores, including four underperforming stores and one store that was previously damaged by severe rain, lowering our store count to 424 at the end of fiscal February 2024. Our same store sales per square foot were approximately $178 for fiscal 2023. ITEM 3. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS On March 13, 2023, a complaint was filed in the Superior Court of the State of California, County of Santa Clara, entitled Zareyah Thompson v. Big 5 Corp., et. al., Case No. 23CV412334 (“Thompson Complaint”). The Thompson Complaint was brought as a purported California Private Attorneys General Act (“PAGA”) action on behalf of “current and former employees who worked for the Company or its operating subsidiary in California as a non-exempt, hourly paid employee and received at least one wage statement.” The Thompson Complaint alleges, among other things, that Big 5 failed to (i) provide minimum wages, (ii) provide compliant meal or rest periods, (iii) maintain and provide accurate itemized wage statements, (iv) properly compensate for all time worked, including overtime, premium, vacation and final wages, (v) properly maintain payroll records, and (vi) provide suitable seating. On March 21, 2023, a second complaint was filed in the Superior Court of the State of California, County of Santa Clara, entitled Christopher Puga v. Big 5 Corp., et. al., Case No. 23CV412953 (“Puga Complaint”). The Puga Complaint was brought as a purported PAGA action on behalf of “all current and former non-exempt employees that worked either directly or via a staffing agency for the Company or its operating subsidiary at any location in California” (“Putative Covered Employees”). The Puga Complaint alleges, among other things, that Big 5 (i) unlawfully required Putative Covered Employees to agree to unlawful criminal background checks, (ii) conducted unlawful financial and criminal background checks, and did not (iii) provide minimum wages, (iv) provide accurate itemized wage statements, (v) maintain accurate records pertaining to the Putative Covered Employees’ employment, (vi) produce or make available Putative Covered Employees’ personnel records and/or payroll records, (vii) provide compliant meal or rest periods, (viii) properly compensate for all time worked, including overtime, premium, vacation, and final wages, (ix) reimburse necessary business expenses; (x) provide suitable seating; (xi) provide sick leave pay to Putative Covered Employees, (xii) accurately calculate sick leave accrual and rate of pay, (xiii) put the Putative Covered Employees on notice of their paid sick leave rights, and (xiv) provide supplemental paid sick leave. The Thompson and Puga complaints have many overlapping causes of action. Accordingly, on or about April 12, 2023, a notice of related cases was filed with the Court regarding the Thompson Complaint and Puga Complaint. The Court subsequently conducted a case management conference on June 29, 2023 for both complaints, and jointly coordinated the complaints. The Company’s counsel held a mediation with opposing counsel on September 27, 2023. The Company has reached a tentative settlement in both cases and established a cumulative indemnity reserve of $1.5 million. Any settlement finalized will be subject to Court approval. 23 The Company is involved in various other claims and legal actions arising in the ordinary course of business. In the opinion of management, the ultimate disposition of these matters is not expected to have a material adverse effect on the Company’s results of operations or financial condition. ITEM 4. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES None. 24 PART II ITEM 5. MARKET FOR REGISTRANT’S COMMON EQUITY, RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS AND ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES Our common stock, par value $0.01 per share, trades on The NASDAQ Stock Market LLC under the symbol “BGFV.” As of February 20, 2024, there were 22,438,892 shares of common stock outstanding held by 536 holders of record. Dividend Policy Dividends are paid at the discretion of the Board of Directors. In the first nine months of fiscal 2023, we paid aggregate cash dividends of $0.75 per share, or $0.25 per share per quarter, of outstanding common stock, and in the fourth quarter of fiscal 2023 we paid a cash dividend of $0.125 per share of outstanding common stock, resulting in full fiscal 2023 aggregate cash dividends paid of $0.875 per share of outstanding common stock. In the first quarter of fiscal 2024, our Board of Directors declared a quarterly cash dividend of $0.05 per share of outstanding common stock, which will be paid on March 22, 2024 to stockholders of record as of March 8, 2024. The agreement governing our revolving credit facility imposes restrictions on our ability to make dividend payments. For example, our ability to pay cash dividends on our common stock will depend upon, among other things, our compliance with certain availability and fixed charge coverage ratio requirements at the time of the proposed dividend or distribution, and whether we are in default under the agreement. Our future dividend policy will also depend on the requirements of any future credit or other financing agreements to which we may be a party and other factors considered relevant by our Board of Directors, including the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware, which provides that dividends are only payable out of surplus or current net profits. ITEM 6. [RESERVED] 25 ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS Throughout this section, the Big 5 Sporting Goods Corporation (“we,” “our,” “us”) fiscal years ended December 31, 2023 and January 1, 2023 are referred to as fiscal 2023 and 2022, respectively. The following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations for the years presented includes information with respect to our plans and strategies for our business and should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and related notes, the risk factors and the cautionary statement regarding forward-looking information included elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. Our fiscal year ends on the Sunday nearest December 31. Fiscal 2023 and fiscal 2022 each included 52 weeks. Impact of Global Events Recent global events, including the novel coronavirus (“COVID-19”) and the ongoing conflicts in Ukraine and the Middle East, have adversely affected global economies, disrupted global supply chains and contributed to increased inflation and rising interest rates, impacting the cost of products and services. In response to disruptions related to COVID-19 that began in fiscal 2020, we undertook measures to reduce expense, preserve capital and enhance our liquidity. Certain of those measures, such as reductions to advertising expense in comparison with historical levels, continued to benefit us in fiscal 2022 and 2023 and we expect to maintain our advertising expense below pre-pandemic levels in the foreseeable future. Disruptions related to the ongoing conflicts in Ukraine and the Middle East contributed to higher fuel prices and, consequently, higher product costs. The ongoing conflicts in Ukraine and the Middle East may continue to lead to disruptions in the global supply chain, rising fuel costs, or cybersecurity risks, and economic instability generally, any of which could materially and adversely affect our business and results of operations. As long as these conflicts continue, we expect these challenges to remain into fiscal 2024. We will continue to monitor these events and take appropriate actions intended to mitigate the risk of these global events, or any other global events that arise, as necessary. Overview We are a leading sporting goods retailer in the western United States, operating 430 stores and an e-commerce platform under the name “Big 5 Sporting Goods” as of December 31, 2023. We provide a full-line product offering in a traditional sporting goods store format that averages approximately 12,000 square feet. Through our e-commerce platform, we also offer selected products online. E-commerce sales for fiscal 2023 and 2022 were not material. Our product mix includes athletic shoes, apparel and accessories, as well as a broad selection of outdoor and athletic equipment for team sports, fitness, camping, hunting, fishing, home recreation, tennis, golf, and winter and summer recreation. We believe that over our 69-year history we have developed a reputation with the competitive and recreational sporting goods customer as a convenient neighborhood sporting goods retailer that consistently delivers value on quality merchandise. Our stores carry a wide range of products at competitive prices from well-known brand name manufacturers, including adidas, Coleman, Columbia, Everlast, New Balance, Rawlings, Skechers, Spalding, Under Armour and Wilson. We also offer brand name merchandise produced exclusively for us, private label merchandise and specials on quality items we purchase through opportunistic buys of vendor over-stock and close-out merchandise. We reinforce our value reputation through digital marketing and periodic print advertising in major and local newspapers and direct mailers, in an effort to generate customer traffic, drive sales and build brand awareness. Over the last several years we have been reducing our overall advertising spend and also shifting our advertising spend away from print media towards digital advertising, which we believe allows us to more effectively manage our advertising expense. We also maintain social media sites to enhance distribution capabilities for our promotional offers and to enable communication with our customers. 26 Throughout our history, we have emphasized controlled growth. Our store openings during recent years reflect our cautious approach toward store expansion in the current retail environment, which includes increasing e-commerce competition. The following table summarizes our store count for the periods presented: (1) Beginning of period New stores Stores relocated (2) Stores closed End of period Stores opened (closed) per year, net Fiscal Year 2023 2022 432 2 (1 ) (3 ) 430 (2 ) 431 3 (1 ) (1 ) 432 1 (1) (2) Stores that are relocated are classified as new stores. Sales from the prior location are treated as sales from a closed store and thus are excluded from same store sales calculations. In the first two months of fiscal 2024, we closed six stores, including four underperforming stores and one store that was previously damaged by severe rain, lowering our store count to 424 at the end of fiscal February 2024. For fiscal 2024, we anticipate opening approximately five new stores and closing approximately ten stores. Executive Summary Our net loss for fiscal 2023 compared to net income for fiscal 2022 was mainly attributable to reduced net sales, partially offset by lower selling and administrative expense year over year. We believe the decrease in net sales in fiscal 2023 in part reflected significant inflationary pressures which dampened consumer sentiment and reduced demand for discretionary products. • • • • Net sales for fiscal 2023 decreased 11.1% to $884.7 million compared to $995.5 million for fiscal 2022. The decrease in net sales reflects a decline of 11.2% in same store sales when compared with fiscal 2022. We believe our lower same store sales in fiscal 2023 in part reflected significant inflationary pressures and heightened recessionary concerns that negatively impacted consumer demand, which contributed to reduced net sales across each of our major merchandise categories of apparel, hardgoods and footwear. Gross profit for fiscal 2023 represented 32.3% of net sales, compared with 34.3% in the prior year. Merchandise margins were unchanged compared with the prior year, while store occupancy expense and distribution expense, including costs capitalized into inventory, as a percentage of net sales were higher compared with fiscal 2022. While merchandise margins were unchanged year over year, they remained healthy and continued to compare favorably to pre-pandemic levels. Selling and administrative expense for fiscal 2023 decreased 3.6% to $296.6 million, or 33.5% of net sales, compared to $307.7 million, or 30.9% of net sales, for fiscal 2022. The decrease in selling and administrative expense primarily reflects a decrease in employee labor and benefit-related expense, company performance-based incentive accruals, and advertising expense year over year, partially offset by higher legal expense and operational expense impacted by inflation. Net loss for fiscal 2023 was $7.1 million, or $0.33 per basic share, compared to net income of $26.1 million, or $1.18 per diluted share, for fiscal 2022. The decreased earnings reflect lower net sales, partially offset by the favorable impact of lower selling and administrative expense year over year. Our principal liquidity requirements are for working capital, capital expenditures and cash dividends. We fund our liquidity requirements primarily through cash on hand, cash flows from operations and borrowings from our revolving credit facility. • • • Operating cash flow for fiscal 2023 was a positive $18.5 million compared to a negative $28.4 million in the prior year. The increased operating cash flow was primarily due to decreased funding of merchandise inventory partially offset by decreased net income. Capital expenditures for fiscal 2023 decreased to $11.0 million from $13.2 million in fiscal 2022, primarily reflecting reduced investment in the opening of new stores and store-related remodeling in fiscal 2023 compared with fiscal 2022. We expect to open approximately five new stores in fiscal 2024, after opening two new stores in fiscal 2023. We had cash of $9.2 million and $25.6 million as of December 31, 2023 and January 1, 2023, respectively. We have had no borrowings under our credit facility since the full pay-down of outstanding balances under the credit facility in the third quarter of fiscal 2020. 27 • • We paid cash dividends in fiscal 2023 of $19.8 million, or $0.875 per share, compared with $22.3 million, or $1.00 per share, in fiscal 2022. We did not repurchase any shares of our common stock in fiscal 2023, and we repurchased 295,719 shares of our common stock for $4.1 million in fiscal 2022. Results of Operations The following table sets forth selected items from our consolidated statements of operations by dollar and as a percentage of our net sales, and other financial data, for the periods indicated: Statement of Operations Data: Net sales Cost of sales Gross profit (2) Selling and administrative expense (3) Operating (loss) income Interest (income) expense (Loss) income before income taxes Income tax (benefit) expense Net (loss) income Other Financial Data: Net sales change Same store sales change (4) Fiscal Year (1) 2023 2022 (Dollars in thousands) $884,745 598,901 285,844 296,578 (10,734) (153) (10,581) (3,498) $(7,083) 100.0% 67.7 32.3 33.5 (1.2) 0.0 (1.2) (0.4) (0.8)% (11.1)% (11.2)% $995,538 654,323 341,215 307,700 33,515 572 32,943 6,809 $26,134 100.0% 65.7 34.3 30.9 3.4 0.1 3.3 0.7 2.6% (14.3)% (14.5)% (1) (2) (3) (4) Fiscal 2023 and 2022 each included 52 weeks. Cost of sales includes the cost of merchandise, net of discounts or allowances earned, freight, inventory reserves, buying, distribution center expense, including depreciation, and store occupancy expense. Store occupancy expense includes rent, amortization of leasehold improvements, common area maintenance, property taxes and insurance. Selling and administrative expense includes store-related expense, other than store occupancy expense, as well as advertising, depreciation and amortization, expense associated with operating our corporate headquarters, and impairment charges, if any. Same store sales for a period reflect net sales from stores that operated throughout the period as well as the full corresponding prior- year period and sales from e-commerce. Fiscal 2023 Compared to Fiscal 2022 Net Sales. Net sales decreased by $110.8 million, or 11.1%, to $884.7 million for fiscal 2023 from $995.5 million for fiscal 2022. The change in net sales was primarily attributable to the following: • Same store sales decreased by $109.7 million, or 11.2%, for fiscal 2023 versus the comparable prior-year period. We believe the decrease in same store sales reflected the following: o Our markets were influenced by a continuation of significant and persistent inflationary pressures and heightened recessionary concerns that dampened consumer sentiment and weakened demand for discretionary products, which negatively affected sales. o In the fourth quarter of fiscal 2023, we experienced unfavorable winter weather conditions across a large part of our market, with unseasonably warm weather adversely impacting sales of our winter-related products. o While we experienced strong winter-related product sales as a result of favorable winter-weather conditions during the first quarter of fiscal 2023, cooler-than-normal weather patterns negatively impacted sales for the spring and summer product categories through the second quarter of fiscal 2023. o o Our lower same store sales in fiscal 2023 reflected a decrease in each of our major merchandise categories of apparel, hardgoods and footwear. Same store sales are made on a comparable-week basis. Same store sales comparisons exclude sales from stores permanently closed, or stores in the process of permanently closing, during the comparable periods. Sales from e-commerce in fiscal 2023 and 2022 were not material. • We experienced decreased customer transactions of 9.9% and a lower average sale per transaction of 1.3% in fiscal 2023 compared to the prior year. 28 Gross Profit. Gross profit decreased by $55.4 million to $285.8 million, or 32.3% of net sales, in fiscal 2023 from $341.2 million, or 34.3% of net sales, in fiscal 2022. The change in gross profit was primarily attributable to the following: • • • • Net sales decreased by $110.8 million, or 11.1%, in fiscal 2023 compared to the prior year. Merchandise margins, which exclude buying, occupancy and distribution expense, were unchanged compared with fiscal 2022, when merchandise margins decreased by an unfavorable 63 basis points over the prior year. While merchandise margins were unchanged year over year they remained healthy and continued to compare favorably to pre-pandemic levels. Distribution expense, including costs capitalized into inventory, increased by $0.6 million, or an unfavorable 72 basis points, compared to the prior year. The increase in expense primarily reflected decreased costs capitalized into inventory, partially offset by lower trucking and fuel expense as well as lower employee labor and benefit-related expense. Store occupancy expense decreased by $0.1 million but increased by an unfavorable 126 basis points as a percentage of net sales, compared with last year. Selling and Administrative Expense. Selling and administrative expense decreased by $11.1 million, or 3.6%, to $296.6 million, or 33.5% of net sales, in fiscal 2023 from $307.7 million, or 30.9% of net sales, in fiscal 2022. The change in selling and administrative expense was primarily attributable to the following: • • • Store-related expense, excluding occupancy, decreased by $7.0 million, due largely to reductions in employee labor and benefit-related expense, primarily lower health and welfare expense as compared to the prior year which experienced a surge related to post-COVID-19 medical treatment. These expense reductions were partially offset by increases in expenses related to store security and systems improvements, as well as the impact of broad-based inflation on operational expense. Wages continue to reflect the incremental impact of legislated minimum wage rate increases primarily in California, where over half of our stores are located. In California, state-wide minimum wage rates have risen from $10.00 per hour in 2017 to $15.50 per hour beginning on January 1, 2023. Additionally, certain other jurisdictions within California, including Los Angeles and San Francisco, as well as within various other states in which we do business, are and have been implementing their own scheduled increases that exceed the statewide minimum wage rates, which may also include interim impacts effective at various points throughout the year. Labor expense in fiscal 2023 also reflected higher demand for labor in many of our markets resulting in higher wage rates. We have partially mitigated these wage rate pressures by managing our store labor hour usage. However, we estimate that the combined impact of these wage rate pressures caused our labor expense to increase by approximately $4.1 million for fiscal 2023 compared with fiscal 2022. Administrative expense decreased by $2.2 million, primarily attributable to reduced company performance-based incentive accruals and employee benefit-related expense in the current fiscal year, partially offset by an increase in legal expense primarily resulting from a tentative legal settlement, as well as an increase in employee labor expense and non-cash impairment charges of $0.6 million related to certain underperforming stores. Advertising expense decreased by $1.9 million and remains less than half of our pre-pandemic expense level. We expect our advertising expense in the foreseeable future to continue to benefit from reduced advertising activity compared to our pre-pandemic expense level as we continue to evaluate the impact on our sales. Interest (Income) Expense. Interest expense decreased by $0.7 million in fiscal 2023 compared to fiscal 2022 as a result of generating increased interest income for the current fiscal year reflecting higher interest earned on cash equivalents. Income Tax (Benefit) Expense. The provision for income taxes decreased to a benefit of $3.5 million for fiscal 2023 compared to an expense of $6.8 million for fiscal 2022, primarily reflecting lower pre-tax income in fiscal 2023 compared to fiscal 2022. Our effective tax rate of 33.1% for fiscal 2023 compared with 20.7% for fiscal 2022. Our higher effective tax rate for fiscal 2023 mainly reflected the impact of reduced tax deductions combined with lower pre-tax income. Liquidity and Capital Resources Our principal liquidity requirements are for working capital, capital expenditures and cash dividends. We fund our liquidity requirements primarily through cash on hand, cash flows from operations and borrowings from our revolving credit facility. We believe our cash on hand, future cash flows from operations and borrowings from our revolving credit facility will be sufficient to fund our cash requirements for at least the next 12 months. 29 We ended fiscal 2023 and 2022 with $9.2 million and $25.6 million of cash, respectively, and no revolving credit borrowings. The following table summarizes our cash flows from operating, investing and financing activities: Total cash provided by (used in): Operating activities Investing activities Financing activities Net decrease in cash and cash equivalents Fiscal Year 2023 2022 (In thousands) $ $ 18,538 (10,962 ) (23,940 ) (16,364 ) $ $ (28,440 ) (13,180 ) (30,235 ) (71,855 ) For fiscal 2023, we believe our lower net same store sales reflected a continuation of significant and persistent inflationary pressures and heightened recessionary concerns that dampened consumer sentiment and weakened demand for discretionary products, which negatively affected sales. Consequently, after replenishing depleted merchandise inventory levels in fiscal 2022, in response to lower sales for the current year we reduced our merchandise inventory balances. The increase in our operating cash flow for fiscal 2023 compared to the prior year primarily reflected our reduced funding of merchandise inventory partially offset by lower net income. For fiscal 2022, compared to the prior year we experienced weaker consumer demand that we believe reflected in part significant inflationary pressures and heightened recessionary concerns that negatively impacted consumer sentiment. We believe the higher inflation and softening consumer demand led to lower sales and higher expenses which contributed to decreased net income year over year. Funding for merchandise inventory increased in fiscal 2022 as we continued to replenish depleted inventory levels resulting from strong consumer demand and supply chain challenges in fiscal 2021. The decrease in our operating cash flow for fiscal 2022 compared to the prior year primarily reflected our lower earnings and increased funding of merchandise inventory. Operating Activities. Operating cash flows for fiscal 2023 and 2022 were a positive $18.5 million and a negative $28.4 million, respectively. The increased cash flow from operating activities in fiscal 2023 compared to fiscal 2022 primarily reflects decreased funding of merchandise inventory partially offset by decreased net income. Investing Activities. Net cash used in investing activities for fiscal 2023 and 2022 was $11.0 million and $13.2 million, respectively. Capital expenditures, excluding non-cash acquisitions, represented substantially all of the cash used in investing activities for each period. Our capital expenditures primarily reflect store-related remodeling, new store openings, distribution center investments and computer hardware and software purchases. Capital expenditures by category are as follows: Store-related remodels New stores Computer hardware, software and other Distribution center Total Fiscal Year 2023 2022 (In thousands) 6,740 2,262 1,063 957 11,022 $ $ 7,805 3,577 599 1,212 13,193 $ $ Capital expenditures in the fiscal years presented included investment in existing store remodeling to support our merchandising initiatives and enhancement of information security measures to support our infrastructure. Our capital expenditures included two new stores, including relocations, in fiscal 2023 and three new stores, including relocations, in fiscal 2022. Financing Activities. Financing cash flows for fiscal 2023 and 2022 were a negative $23.9 million and a negative $30.2 million, respectively. For fiscal 2023 and 2022, net cash was used primarily to fund dividend payments and make principal payments on finance lease liabilities. In fiscal 2022, cash was also used to purchase treasury stock. As of December 31, 2023, we had no revolving credit borrowings and we had letter of credit commitments of $2.0 million outstanding. These balances compare to no revolving credit borrowings and letter of credit commitments of $1.4 million outstanding as of January 1, 2023. In fiscal 2023 and 2022 we paid cash dividends of $0.875 and $1.00 per share of outstanding common stock, respectively. In the first quarter of fiscal 2024, our Board of Directors declared a quarterly cash dividend of $0.05 per share of outstanding common stock, which will be paid on March 22, 2024 to stockholders of record as of March 8, 2024. 30 Periodically, we repurchase our common stock in the open market pursuant to programs approved by our Board of Directors. We may repurchase our common stock for a variety of reasons, including, among other things, our alternative cash requirements, existing business conditions and the current market price of our stock. In the first quarter of fiscal 2022, our Board of Directors authorized a new share repurchase program of up to $25.0 million of our common stock, which replaced the previous share repurchase program. Under this program, we may purchase shares from time to time in the open market or in privately negotiated transactions in compliance with the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission. However, the timing and amount of such purchases, if any, would be at the discretion of our management and Board of Directors, and would depend on market conditions and other considerations. We did not repurchase any shares of common stock in fiscal 2023 and we repurchased 295,719 shares of common stock in fiscal 2022. Since the inception of our initial share repurchase program in May 2006 through December 31, 2023, we have repurchased a total of 4,186,014 shares for $53.6 million. Loan Agreement. We are party to a Loan, Guaranty and Security agreement with Bank of America, N.A. (“BofA”), as agent and lender, which was amended on November 22, 2021, October 19, 2022 and May 16, 2023 (as so amended, the “Loan Agreement”). The Loan Agreement has a maturity date of February 24, 2026 and provides for a revolving credit facility with an aggregate committed availability of up to $150.0 million. We may also request additional increases in aggregate availability, up to a maximum of $200.0 million, in which case the existing lender under the Loan Agreement will have the option to increase their commitment to accommodate the requested increase. If the lender does not exercise that option, we may (with the consent of BofA in its role as the administrative agent, not to be unreasonably withheld) seek other lenders willing to provide such commitments. The credit facility includes a $50.0 million sublimit for issuances of letters of credit. We may borrow under the Loan Agreement from time to time, provided the amounts outstanding will not exceed the lesser of the then aggregate committed availability (as discussed above) and the Borrowing Base (such lesser amount being referred to as the “Line Cap”). As defined in the Loan Agreement, the “Borrowing Base” generally is comprised of the sum, at the time of calculation, of (a) 90.00% of eligible credit card receivables; plus (b) the cost of eligible inventory (other than eligible in-transit inventory), net of inventory reserves, multiplied by 90.00% of the appraised net orderly liquidation value of eligible inventory (expressed as a percentage of the cost of eligible inventory); plus (c) the cost of eligible in-transit inventory, net of inventory reserves, multiplied by 90.00% of the appraised net orderly liquidation value of eligible in-transit inventory (expressed as a percentage of the cost of eligible in-transit inventory), minus (d) certain agreed-upon reserves as well as other reserves established by BofA in its role as the administrative agent in its reasonable discretion. Generally, we may designate specific borrowings under the Loan Agreement as either base rate loans or Term SOFR rate loans. The applicable interest rate on our borrowings is a function of the daily average, over the preceding fiscal quarter, of the excess of the Line Cap over amounts borrowed (such amount being referred to as the “Average Daily Availability”). Those loans designated as Term SOFR rate loans bear interest at a rate equal to the then applicable secured overnight financing rate as administered by the Federal Reserve Bank of New York (“SOFR”) rate plus a 0.10% “SOFR adjustment” spread, plus an applicable margin as shown in the table below. Those loans designated as base rate loans bear interest at a rate equal to the applicable margin for base rate loans (as shown below) plus the highest of (a) the Federal funds rate, as in effect from time to time, plus one-half of one percent (0.50%), (b) the one-month SOFR rate, plus one percentage point (1.00%), or (c) the rate of interest in effect for such day as announced from time to time within BofA as its “prime rate.” The applicable margin for all loans will be a function of Average Daily Availability for the preceding fiscal quarter as set forth below. Level I II Average Daily Availability Greater than or equal to $70,000,000 Less than $70,000,000 SOFR Rate Applicable Margin 1.375% 1.500% Base Rate Applicable Margin 0.375% 0.500% The commitment fee assessed on the unused portion of the credit facility is 0.20% per annum. 31 Obligations under the Loan Agreement are secured by a general lien on and security interest in substantially all of our assets. The Loan Agreement contains covenants that require us to maintain a fixed charge coverage ratio of not less than 1.0:1.0 in certain circumstances, and limits the ability to, among other things, incur liens, incur additional indebtedness, transfer or dispose of assets, change the nature of the business, guarantee obligations, pay dividends or make other distributions or repurchase stock, and make advances, loans or investments. We may generally declare or pay cash dividends or repurchase stock only if, among other things, no default or event of default then exists or would arise from such dividend or repurchase of stock and, after giving effect to such dividend or repurchase, certain availability and/or fixed charge coverage ratio requirements are satisfied, although we are permitted to make up to $5.0 million of dividend payments or stock repurchases per year without satisfaction of the availability or fixed charge coverage ratio requirements, but dividends or stock repurchases made without satisfying the availability and/or fixed charge coverage ratio requirements will require the establishment of an additional reserve that will reduce borrowing availability under the Loan Agreement for 75 days. The Loan Agreement contains customary events of default, including, without limitation, failure to pay when due principal amounts with respect to the credit facility, failure to pay any interest or other amounts under the credit facility, failure to comply with certain agreements or covenants contained in the Loan Agreement, failure to satisfy certain judgments against us, failure to pay when due (or any other default which permits the acceleration of) certain other material indebtedness in principal amount in excess of $5.0 million, and certain insolvency and bankruptcy events. Future Capital Requirements. We had cash of $9.2 million as of December 31, 2023. We expect capital expenditures for fiscal 2024, excluding non-cash acquisitions, to range from approximately $13.0 million to $18.0 million, primarily to fund the opening of new stores, store-related remodeling, distribution center investments and computer hardware and software purchases. For fiscal 2024, we anticipate opening approximately five new stores and closing approximately ten stores. Dividends are paid at the discretion of the Board of Directors. In fiscal 2023 and 2022 we paid annual cash dividends of $0.875 per share and $1.00 per share, respectively, of outstanding common stock. In the first quarter of fiscal 2024, our Board of Directors declared a quarterly cash dividend of $0.05 per share of outstanding common stock, which will be paid on March 22, 2024 to stockholders of record as of March 8, 2024. As of December 31, 2023, a total of $20.9 million remained available for share repurchases under our new share repurchase program. We did not repurchase any shares of our common stock in fiscal 2023 and we repurchased 295,719 shares of our common stock in fiscal 2022. We consider several factors in determining when and if we make share repurchases including, among other things, our alternative cash requirements, existing business conditions and the market price of our stock. We believe we will be able to fund our cash requirements from cash on hand, operating cash flows and borrowings from our credit facility, for at least the next 12 months. Contractual Obligations. Our material contractual obligations include operating lease commitments associated with our leased properties and other occupancy expense, finance lease obligations, borrowings under our credit facility, if any, and other liabilities. Operating lease commitments consist principally of leases for our retail store facilities, distribution center and corporate offices. These leases frequently include options which permit us to extend the terms beyond the initial fixed lease term, and we intend to renegotiate most of these leases as they expire. Operating lease commitments also generally consist of information technology (“IT”) systems hardware, distribution center delivery tractors and vehicle leases. Additional information regarding our operating leases is available in Item 2, Properties and Note 7, Lease Commitments, of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included in Item 8, Financial Statements and Supplementary Data, of this Annual Report on Form 10-K. As of the end of fiscal 2023 and 2022, we had no borrowings under our revolving credit facility. In the ordinary course of business, we enter into arrangements with vendors to purchase merchandise in advance of expected delivery. Because most of these purchase orders do not contain any termination payments or other penalties if cancelled, they are not considered as outstanding contractual obligations. 32 Critical Accounting Estimates Our critical accounting estimates detailed below are included in our significant accounting policies as described in Note 2 of the Consolidated Financial Statements included in Item 8, Financial Statements and Supplementary Data, of this Annual Report on Form 10-K. Those consolidated financial statements were prepared in accordance with GAAP. Critical accounting estimates are those that we believe are most important to the portrayal of our financial condition and results of operations. The preparation of our consolidated financial statements requires us to make estimates and judgments that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenue and expense. Our estimates are evaluated on an ongoing basis and drawn from historical experience, current trends and other factors that management believes to be relevant at the time our consolidated financial statements are prepared. Actual results may differ from our estimates. Management believes that the following accounting estimates are critical and reflect the more significant judgments and estimates we use in preparing our consolidated financial statements. Valuation of Merchandise Inventories, Net Our merchandise inventories are valued at the lower of cost or net realizable value using the weighted-average cost method that approximates the first-in, first-out (“FIFO”) method. Average cost consists of the direct purchase price of merchandise inventory, net of vendor allowances and cash discounts, in-bound freight-related costs and allocated overhead costs associated with our distribution center. We record valuation reserves on a quarterly basis for merchandise items with slow-moving or obsolescence exposure and merchandise that has a carrying value that exceeds net realizable value. These reserves are estimates of a reduction in value to reflect inventory valuation at the lower of cost or net realizable value. Factors included in determining slow-moving or obsolescence reserve estimates include recent customer demand, merchandise aging, seasonal trends and decisions to discontinue certain products. Because of our merchandise mix, we have not historically experienced significant occurrences of obsolescence. Our inventory valuation reserves for damaged and defective merchandise, slow-moving or obsolete merchandise and for lower of cost or net realizable value provisions totaled $2.2 million and $2.7 million as of December 31, 2023 and January 1, 2023, respectively, representing approximately 1% of our merchandise inventory for both periods. A 10% change in our inventory valuation reserves estimate in total as of December 31, 2023, would result in a change in reserves of $0.2 million and a change in pre-tax earnings by the same amount. Our reserves are estimates, which could vary significantly, either favorably or unfavorably, from actual results if future economic conditions, consumer demand and competitive environments differ from our expectations. At this time, we do not believe that there is a reasonable likelihood that there will be a material change in the future estimates or assumptions that we use to calculate our inventory reserves. Valuation of Long-Lived Assets In accordance with Accounting Standards Codification 360, Property, Plant and Equipment, we review our long-lived assets for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. Long-lived assets are reviewed for recoverability at the lowest level in which there are identifiable cash flows (“asset group”), usually at the store level. The carrying amount of a store asset group includes stores’ operating lease right-of-use (“ROU”) assets and property and equipment, which consists primarily of leasehold improvements. Factors that could trigger an impairment review include a current-period operating or cash flow loss combined with a history of operating or cash flow losses, and a projection that demonstrates continuing losses or insufficient income over the remaining reasonably certain lease term associated with the use of a store asset group. Other factors may include an adverse change in the business climate or an adverse action or assessment by a regulator in the market of a store asset group. We evaluate the store asset groups with indicators of impairment by estimating future undiscounted cash flows of a store asset group over its remaining reasonably certain lease term to determine whether the long-lived assets are recoverable. In situations where the carrying amount of the store asset group exceeds the undiscounted cash flows, a fair value of the store asset group is determined using discounted cash flow valuation techniques and impairment is recognized when the carrying amount exceeds the fair value. We determine the sum of the undiscounted cash flows expected to result from the asset group by projecting future revenue, gross margin and operating expense for each store under evaluation for impairment. The estimates of future cash flows involve management judgment and are based upon assumptions about expected future operating performance. Assumptions used in these forecasts are consistent with internal planning, and include assumptions about sales growth rates, gross margins, operating expense in relation to the current economic environment and our future expectations, competitive factors in our various markets, inflation, sales trends and other relevant environmental factors that may impact the store under evaluation. The actual cash flows could differ from management’s estimates due to changes in business conditions, operating performance and economic conditions. 33 The resulting impairment charge, if any, is allocated to the property and equipment, primarily leasehold improvements, and operating lease ROU assets on a pro rata basis using the relative carrying amounts of those assets. The allocated impairment charge to a long-lived asset is limited to the extent that the impairment charge does not reduce the carrying amount of an individual long-lived asset below its individual fair value. The estimation of the fair value of an ROU asset involves the evaluation of current market value rental amounts for leases associated with ROU assets. The estimates of current market value rental amounts are primarily based on recent observable market rental data of other comparable retail store locations. The fair value of an ROU asset is measured using a discounted cash flow valuation technique by discounting the estimated current and future market rental values using a property-specific discount rate. Our evaluation resulted in impairment charges recognized in fiscal 2023 of $0.6 million. The Company recorded no impairment charges in fiscal 2022. Seasonality and Impact of Inflation We experience seasonal fluctuations in our net sales and operating results, which can suffer when weather does not conform to seasonal norms. Seasonality in our net sales influences our buying patterns which directly impacts our merchandise and accounts payable levels and cash flows. We purchase merchandise for seasonal activities in advance of a season and supplement our merchandise assortment as necessary and when possible during the season. Our efforts to replenish products during a season are not always successful. In the fourth fiscal quarter, which includes the holiday selling season and the start of the winter selling season, we normally experience higher inventory purchase volumes and increased expense for staffing and advertising. If we miscalculate the consumer demand for our products generally or for our product mix in advance of a season, particularly the fourth quarter, our net sales can decline, which can harm our financial performance. A significant shortfall from expected net sales, particularly during the fourth quarter, can negatively impact our annual operating results. In fiscal 2022 and 2023, we experienced greater inflation in the cost of products that we purchase for resale than in previous years. While our merchandise inventory costs have been impacted by inflationary pressures, we have generally been able to adjust our selling prices in response to these higher product purchase costs. However, if we are unable to adjust our selling prices for product purchase cost increases that might occur in the future, then our merchandise margins could decline, which would adversely impact our operating results. In fiscal 2022 and 2023, we experienced broad-based inflationary pressures which adversely impacted many categories of costs and expenses, including increased wage-rate pressures, and which are expected to continue during fiscal 2024. Recently Issued Accounting Updates See Note 2 to the Consolidated Financial Statements included in Item 8, Financial Statements and Supplementary Data, of this Annual Report on Form 10-K. ITEM 7A. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK Because we are a smaller reporting company as defined by Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act, we are not required to provide the information under this item. ITEM 8. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA The financial statements and the supplementary financial information required by this Item and included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K are listed in the “Index to Consolidated Financial Statements” beginning on page F-1. ITEM 9. CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS ON ACCOUNTING AND FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE None. 34 ITEM 9A. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures We maintain a system of disclosure controls and procedures that are designed to provide reasonable assurance that information which is required to be timely disclosed is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our Chief Executive Officer (“CEO”) and Chief Financial Officer (“CFO”), in a timely fashion. We conducted an evaluation, under the supervision and with the participation of our CEO and CFO, of the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures (as such term is defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”)) as of December 31, 2023. Based on such evaluation, our CEO and CFO have concluded that, as of December 31, 2023, our disclosure controls and procedures are effective, at a reasonable assurance level, in recording, processing, summarizing and reporting, on a timely basis, information required to be disclosed by us in the reports that we file or submit under the Exchange Act and are effective in ensuring that information required to be disclosed by us in the reports that we file or submit under the Exchange Act is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our CEO and CFO, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. Management’s Annual Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting Management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting as defined in Rule 13a-15(f) under the Exchange Act. Our internal control over financial reporting includes policies and procedures that pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect transactions and disposition of assets; provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of consolidated financial statements in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America, and that receipts and expenditures are being made only in accordance with the authorization of our management and directors; and provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use or disposition of our assets that could have a material effect on our consolidated financial statements. Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projection of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods is subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate. Management conducted an assessment of the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2023, based upon the Internal Control—Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission. Based on this assessment, management has concluded that, as of December 31, 2023, we maintained effective internal control over financial reporting. The attestation report issued by Deloitte & Touche LLP, our independent registered public accounting firm, on our internal control over financial reporting is included herein. Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting There has been no change in our internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rule 13a-15(f) under the Exchange Act) during the most recent fiscal quarter that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting. 35 REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM To the Stockholders and the Board of Directors of Big 5 Sporting Goods Corporation El Segundo, California Opinion on Internal Control over Financial Reporting We have audited the internal control over financial reporting of Big 5 Sporting Goods Corporation and subsidiaries (the “Company”) as of December 31, 2023, based on criteria established in Internal Control — Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO). In our opinion, the Company maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2023, based on criteria established in Internal Control — Integrated Framework (2013) issued by COSO. We have also audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB), the consolidated financial statements as of and for the year ended December 31, 2023, of the Company and our report dated February 28, 2024, expressed an unqualified opinion on those financial statements. Basis for Opinion The Company’s management is responsible for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting, included in the accompanying Management’s Annual Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s internal control over financial reporting based on our audit. We are a public accounting firm registered with the PCAOB and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB. We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects. Our audit included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk, and performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion. Definition and Limitations of Internal Control over Financial Reporting A company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A company’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (1) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements. Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate. /s/ Deloitte & Touche LLP Los Angeles, California February 28, 2024 36 ITEM 9B. OTHER INFORMATION During the fiscal year ended December 31, 2023, none of the Company’s directors or executive officers adopted or terminated any contract, instruction or written plan for the purchase or sale of Company securities that was intended to satisfy the affirmative defense conditions of Rule 10b5-1(c) or any “non-Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement.” ITEM 9C. DISCLOSURE REGARDING FOREIGN JURISDICTIONS THAT PREVENT INSPECTIONS None. 37 PART III ITEM 10. DIRECTORS, EXECUTIVE OFFICERS AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE The information required by this Item has been omitted and will be incorporated herein by reference, when filed, to our Proxy Statement, which is expected to be filed not later than 120 days after the end of our fiscal year ended December 31, 2023. ITEM 11. EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION The information required by this Item has been omitted and will be incorporated herein by reference, when filed, to our Proxy Statement, which is expected to be filed not later than 120 days after the end of our fiscal year ended December 31, 2023. ITEM 12. SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT AND RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS The information required by this Item has been omitted and will be incorporated herein by reference, when filed, to our Proxy Statement, which is expected to be filed not later than 120 days after the end of our fiscal year ended December 31, 2023. ITEM 13. CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS, AND DIRECTOR INDEPENDENCE The information required by this Item has been omitted and will be incorporated herein by reference, when filed, to our Proxy Statement, which is expected to be filed not later than 120 days after the end of our fiscal year ended December 31, 2023. ITEM 14. PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTANT FEES AND SERVICES The information required by this Item has been omitted and will be incorporated herein by reference, when filed, to our Proxy Statement, which is expected to be filed not later than 120 days after the end of our fiscal year ended December 31, 2023. 38 PART IV ITEM 15. EXHIBITS, FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES (a) Documents filed as part of this report: (1) Financial Statements. See Index to Consolidated Financial Statements on page F-1 hereof. (2) Financial Statement Schedule. See Index to Consolidated Financial Statements on page F-1 hereof. (3) Exhibits. The exhibits listed in the Index to Exhibits shown beginning on the next page are filed as part of this Annual Report on Form 10-K, or are incorporated by reference from documents previously filed by the Company with the Securities and Exchange Commission as required by Item 601 of Regulation S-K. ITEM 16. FORM 10-K SUMMARY None. 39 BIG 5 SPORTING GOODS CORPORATION EXHIBIT INDEX Exhibit Number Exhibit Description 3.1 3.2 4.1 4.2 (a) 10.1 10.2 10.3 10.4 (a) 10.5 (a) 10.6 (a) 10.7 (a) 10.8 (a) 10.9 10.10 (a) 10.11 (a) 10.12 (a) 10.13 (a) 10.14 (a) 10.15 (a) 10.16 (a) 10.17 Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of Big 5 Sporting Goods Corporation. (1) Amended and Restated Bylaws. (11) Specimen of Common Stock Certificate. (2) Description of Registrant’s Common Stock. (18) Second Amended and Restated Employment Agreement, dated as of December 31, 2008, between Steven G. Miller and Big 5 Sporting Goods Corporation. (9) Form of Indemnification Agreement. (1) Form of Indemnification Letter Agreement. (2) Lease dated as of April 14, 2004 by and between Pannatoni Development Company, LLC and Big 5 Corp. (3) Employment Offer Letter dated August 15, 2005 between Barry D. Emerson and Big 5 Corp. (5) Severance Agreement dated as of August 9, 2006 between Barry D. Emerson and Big 5 Corp. (6) Big 5 Sporting Goods Corporation 2007 Equity and Performance Incentive Plan (Amended and Restated as of April 19, 2016). (13) Amendment No. 1 to Big 5 Sporting Goods Corporation 2007 Equity and Performance Incentive Plan, effective as of January 12, 2018. (14) Form of Big 5 Sporting Goods Corporation Stock Option Grant Notice and Stock Option Agreement for use with 2007 Equity and Performance Incentive Plan. (7) Form of Big 5 Sporting Goods Corporation Restricted Stock Grant Notice and Restricted Stock Agreement for use with 2007 Equity and Performance Incentive Plan. (8) Form of Big 5 Sporting Goods Corporation Restricted Stock Unit Agreement and Restricted Stock Unit Grant Notice approved for use with Amended and Restated 2007 Equity and Performance Incentive Plan. (10) Big 5 Sporting Goods Corporation 2019 Equity Incentive Plan. (15) Form of Stock Option Agreement and Stock Option Grant Notice for use with 2019 Equity and Incentive Plan. (16) Form of Restricted Stock Agreement and Restricted Stock Grant Notice for use with 2019 Equity Incentive Plan. (16) Form of Restricted Stock Unit Agreement and Restricted Stock Unit Grant Notice for use with 2019 Equity Incentive Plan. (16) Form of Change of Control Severance Agreement, dated as of August 5, 2015. (12) Loan, Guaranty and Security Agreement, dated as of February 24, 2021 among Big 5 Sporting Goods Corporation, Big 5 Corp. and Big (17) 5 Services Corp., the financial institutions party to the Agreement from time to time as lenders, and Bank of America, N.A., as agent. 10.18 First Amendment to Loan, Guaranty and Security Agreement, dated as of November 22, 2021 among Big 5 Sporting Goods Corporation, Big 5 Corp. and Big 5 Services Corp., and Bank of America, N.A., as agent and lender. (18) 10.19 Second Amendment to Loan, Guaranty and Security Agreement, dated as of October 19, 2022 among Big 5 Sporting Goods Corporation, Big 5 Corp. and Big 5 Services Corp., and Bank of America, N.A., as agent and lender. (19) 10.20 Third Amendment to Loan, Guaranty and Security Agreement, dated as of May 16, 2023 among Big 5 Sporting Goods Corporation, Big 5 Corp. and Big 5 Services Corp., and Bank of America, N.A., as agent and lender. (20) 19.1 21.1 23.1 31.1 Insider Trading Policy. (21) Subsidiaries of Big 5 Sporting Goods Corporation. (4) Consent of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm, Deloitte & Touche LLP. (21) Rule 13a-14(a) Certification of Chief Executive Officer. (21) 40 31.2 32.1 32.2 97.1 101.INS 101.SCH 104 Rule 13a-14(a) Certification of Chief Financial Officer. (21) Section 1350 Certification of Chief Executive Officer. (21) Section 1350 Certification of Chief Financial Officer. (21) Clawback Policy. (21) Inline XBRL Instance Document - the instance document does not appear in the Interactive Data File because XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL Document. (21) Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema With Embedded Linkbases Document. (21) Cover Page Interactive Data File (embedded within the Inline XBRL document). (21) (a) (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10) (11) (12) (13) (14) (15) (16) (17) (18) (19) (20) (21) Management contract or executive compensation agreement. Incorporated by reference to the Annual Report on Form 10-K filed by Big 5 Sporting Goods Corporation on March 31, 2003. Incorporated by reference to Amendment No. 4 to the Registration Statement on Form S-1 filed by Big 5 Sporting Goods Corporation on June 24, 2002. Incorporated by reference to the Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q filed by Big 5 Sporting Goods Corporation on August 6, 2004. Incorporated by reference to the Annual Report on Form 10-K filed by Big 5 Sporting Goods Corporation on September 6, 2005. Incorporated by reference to the Annual Report on Form 10-K filed by Big 5 Sporting Goods Corporation on March 16, 2006. Incorporated by reference to the Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q filed by Big 5 Sporting Goods Corporation on August 11, 2006. Incorporated by reference to the Current Report on Form 8-K filed by Big 5 Sporting Goods Corporation on June 25, 2007. Incorporated by reference to the Annual Report on Form 10-K filed by Big 5 Sporting Goods Corporation on March 10, 2008. Incorporated by reference to the Current Report on Form 8-K filed by Big 5 Sporting Goods Corporation on January 6, 2009. Incorporated by reference to the Current Report on Form 8-K filed by Big 5 Sporting Goods Corporation on June 20, 2011. Incorporated by reference to the Current Report on Form 8-K filed by Big 5 Sporting Goods Corporation on December 22, 2022. Incorporated by reference to the Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q filed by Big 5 Sporting Goods Corporation on October 28, 2015. Incorporated by reference to the Current Report on Form 8-K filed by Big 5 Sporting Goods Corporation on June 14, 2016. Incorporated by reference to the Annual Report on Form 10-K filed by Big 5 Sporting Goods Corporation on February 28, 2018. Incorporated by reference to the Current Report on Form 8-K filed by Big 5 Sporting Goods Corporation on June 11, 2019. Incorporated by reference to the Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q filed by Big 5 Sporting Goods Corporation on July 31, 2019. Incorporated by reference to the Current Report on Form 8-K filed by Big 5 Sporting Goods Corporation on March 1, 2021. Incorporated by reference to the Annual Report on Form 10-K filed by Big 5 Sporting Goods Corporation on March 2, 2022. Incorporated by reference to the Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q filed by Big 5 Sporting Goods Corporation on November 2, 2022. Incorporated by reference to the Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q filed by Big 5 Sporting Goods Corporation on August 2, 2023. Filed herewith. 41 Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized. SIGNATURES BIG 5 SPORTING GOODS CORPORATION, a Delaware corporation Date: February 28, 2024 By: /s/ Steven G. Miller Steven G. Miller Chairman of the Board of Directors, President, Chief Executive Officer and Director of the Company Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the registrant and in the capacities and on the dates indicated: Signatures /s/ Steven G. Miller Steven G. Miller /s/ Barry D. Emerson Barry D. Emerson /s/ Colleen B. Brown Colleen B. Brown /s/ Stephen E. Carley Stephen E. Carley /s/ Lily W. Chang Lily W. Chang /s/ Jennifer H. Dunbar Jennifer H. Dunbar /s/ Van B. Honeycutt Van B. Honeycutt /s/ David R. Jessick David R. Jessick Title Chairman of the Board of Directors, President, Chief Executive Officer and Director of the Company (Principal Executive Officer) Executive Vice President, Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer (Principal Financial and Accounting Officer) Date February 28, 2024 February 28, 2024 Director of the Company February 28, 2024 Director of the Company February 28, 2024 Director of the Company February 28, 2024 Director of the Company February 28, 2024 Director of the Company February 28, 2024 Director of the Company February 28, 2024 42 BIG 5 SPORTING GOODS CORPORATION INDEX TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS Index to Consolidated Financial Statements Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm (PCAOB ID No. 34) Consolidated Balance Sheets at December 31, 2023 and January 1, 2023 Consolidated Statements of Operations for the fiscal years ended December 31, 2023 and January 1, 2023 Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity for the fiscal years ended December 31, 2023 and January 1, 2023 Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the fiscal years ended December 31, 2023 and January 1, 2023 Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements Consolidated Financial Statement Schedule: Valuation and Qualifying Accounts as of December 31, 2023 and January 1, 2023 F-1 F-1 F-2 F-4 F-5 F-6 F-7 F-8 Schedule II REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM To the Stockholders and the Board of Directors of Big 5 Sporting Goods Corporation El Segundo, California Opinion on the Financial Statements We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Big 5 Sporting Goods Corporation and subsidiaries (the “Company”) as of December 31, 2023 and January 1, 2023, the related consolidated statements of operations, stockholders’ equity, and cash flows, for each of the fiscal years ended December 31, 2023 and January 1, 2023, and the related notes and the schedule listed in the Index at Item 15(a)(2) (collectively referred to as the “financial statements”). In our opinion, the financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of December 31, 2023 and January 1, 2023, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the fiscal years ended December 31, 2023 and January 1, 2023, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. We have also audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB), the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2023, based on criteria established in Internal Control — Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission and our report dated February 28, 2024, expressed an unqualified opinion on the Company’s internal control over financial reporting. Basis for Opinion These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s financial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the PCAOB and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB. We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the financial statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion. Critical Audit Matter The critical audit matter communicated below is a matter arising from the current-period audit of the financial statements that was communicated or required to be communicated to the audit committee and that (1) relates to accounts or disclosures that are material to the financial statements and (2) involved our especially challenging, subjective, or complex judgments. The communication of critical audit matters does not alter in any way our opinion on the financial statements, taken as a whole, and we are not, by communicating the critical audit matter below, providing a separate opinion on the critical audit matter or on the accounts or disclosures to which it relates. Inventory - Valuation of merchandise inventories, net for slow-moving or obsolete merchandise reserves - Refer to Note 2 to the financial statements Critical Audit Matter Description The Company’s merchandise inventories are valued using the weighted-average cost method. The Company estimates and records valuation reserves on a quarterly basis to record inventory at the lower of cost or net realizable value (“LCNRV”). This includes, among other things, estimating the valuation reserve for inventory with slow-moving or obsolescence exposure, which consider factors such as recent customer demand, merchandise aging, seasonal trends, and decisions to discontinue certain products. We identified the valuation reserves on slow-moving or obsolete merchandise inventories as a critical audit matter because of the significant assumptions required in identifying the population of inventory with slow-moving or obsolescence exposure and measuring the valuation reserves required to record such inventory at the LCNRV, resulting in a high degree of auditor judgment and an increased extent of effort when performing audit procedures to evaluate such assumptions. F-2 How the Critical Audit Matter Was Addressed in the Audit Our audit procedures related to the valuation reserves for inventory with slow-moving or obsolescence exposure included the following, among others: • We tested the operating effectiveness of management’s controls over the review of slow-moving and obsolescence inventory exposure and the required reserves to record such inventory at the LCNRV. • We evaluated the appropriateness of the underlying financial information used in management’s analysis, including the aging of on-hand inventory balances, recent sales quantity for specific inventory, and classification of inventory category by department. • We evaluated the assumptions used by management in identifying the population of inventory with slow-moving or obsolescence exposure that require a reserve and determining the amount of reserve to record. • We performed data analytical procedures over the inventory balance, such as analyzing inventory trend levels and turnover rates, to evaluate the completeness of management’s identified population of inventory with slow-moving or obsolescence exposure that require a reserve. • We compared actual inventory sold below cost in the current fiscal year to the inventory valuation reserve estimated by the Company in the prior year to evaluate management’s ability to accurately estimate the valuation reserve for inventory. • We evaluated management’s calculation of the valuation reserve by testing the mathematical accuracy of the reserve calculation. /s/ Deloitte & Touche LLP Los Angeles, California February 28, 2024 We have served as the Company’s auditor since 2007. F-3 BIG 5 SPORTING GOODS CORPORATION CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS (In thousands, except share amounts) ASSETS December 31, 2023 January 1, 2023 Current assets: Cash Accounts receivable, net of allowances of $48 and $44, respectively Merchandise inventories, net Prepaid expenses Total current assets Operating lease right-of-use assets, net Property and equipment, net Deferred income taxes Other assets, net of accumulated amortization of $1,954 and $1,359, respectively LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY Total assets Current liabilities: Accounts payable Accrued expenses Current portion of operating lease liabilities Current portion of finance lease liabilities Total current liabilities Operating lease liabilities, less current portion Finance lease liabilities, less current portion Other long-term liabilities Total liabilities Commitments and contingencies Stockholders' equity: Common stock, $0.01 par value, authorized 50,000,000 shares; issued 26,747,617 and 26,491,750 shares, respectively; outstanding 22,440,362 and 22,184,495 shares, respectively Additional paid-in capital Retained earnings Less: Treasury stock, at cost; 4,307,255 shares Total stockholders' equity Total liabilities and stockholders' equity $ $ $ $ $ 9,201 9,163 275,759 16,052 310,175 253,615 58,595 13,427 8,871 644,683 $ $ 55,201 61,283 70,372 3,843 190,699 191,178 11,856 6,536 400,269 267 128,737 169,667 (54,257 ) 244,414 644,683 $ 25,565 12,270 303,493 16,632 357,960 276,016 58,311 9,991 6,515 708,793 67,417 70,261 70,584 3,217 211,479 214,584 7,089 6,857 440,009 264 126,512 196,265 (54,257 ) 268,784 708,793 See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements. F-4 BIG 5 SPORTING GOODS CORPORATION CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS (In thousands, except per share data) Net sales Cost of sales Gross profit Selling and administrative expense Operating (loss) income Interest (income) expense (Loss) income before income taxes Income tax (benefit) expense Net (loss) income (Loss) earnings per share: Basic Diluted Weighted-average shares of common stock outstanding: Basic Diluted $ $ $ $ Fiscal Year Ended December 31, 2023 January 1, 2023 $ $ $ $ 884,745 598,901 285,844 296,578 (10,734 ) (153 ) (10,581 ) (3,498 ) (7,083 ) (0.33 ) (0.33 ) 21,749 21,749 995,538 654,323 341,215 307,700 33,515 572 32,943 6,809 26,134 1.21 1.18 21,634 22,089 See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements. F-5 BIG 5 SPORTING GOODS CORPORATION CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY (In thousands, except share amounts) Balance as of January 2, 2022 Net income Dividends on common stock ($1.00 per share) Issuance of nonvested share awards Conversion of vested share unit awards Exercise of share option awards Share-based compensation Forfeiture of nonvested share awards Retirement of common stock for payment of withholding tax Purchases of treasury stock Balance as of January 1, 2023 Net loss Dividends on common stock ($0.875 per share) Issuance of nonvested share awards Exercise of share option awards Share-based compensation Forfeiture of nonvested share awards Retirement of common stock for payment of withholding tax Balance as of December 31, 2023 Common Stock Shares 22,097,467 $ — — 284,630 124,012 83,400 — (31,955 ) (77,340 ) (295,719 ) 22,184,495 $ — — 327,112 39,325 — (30,505 ) Amount 260 — — 2 1 1 — — — — 264 — — 3 1 — — Additional Paid-In Capital Retained Earnings Treasury Stock, At Cost $ 124,909 $ — — (2 ) (1 ) 348 2,470 — (1,212 ) — 126,512 $ — — (3 ) 116 2,738 — $ $ 192,261 26,134 (22,130 ) — — — — — — — 196,265 $ (7,083 ) (19,515 ) — — — — (50,121 ) $ — — — — — — — — (4,136 ) (54,257 ) $ — — — — — — Total 267,309 26,134 (22,130 ) — — 349 2,470 — (1,212 ) (4,136 ) 268,784 (7,083 ) (19,515 ) — 117 2,738 — (80,065 ) 22,440,362 $ (1 ) 267 $ (626 ) — 128,737 $ 169,667 $ — (54,257 ) $ (627 ) 244,414 See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements. F-6 BIG 5 SPORTING GOODS CORPORATION CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS (In thousands) Cash flows from operating activities: Net (loss) income Adjustments to reconcile net (loss) income to net cash provided by (used in) operating activities: Depreciation and amortization Impairment of long-lived assets Share-based compensation Amortization of other assets Loss on disposal of equipment Noncash lease expense Proceeds from insurance recovery - lost profit margin and expenses Gain on recovery of insurance proceeds - lost profit margin and expenses Gain on recovery of insurance proceeds - property and equipment Deferred income taxes Changes in operating assets and liabilities: Accounts receivable, net Merchandise inventories, net Prepaid expenses and other assets Accounts payable Operating lease liabilities Accrued expenses and other long-term liabilities Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities Cash flows from investing activities: Purchases of property and equipment Proceeds from insurance recovery - property and equipment Proceeds from disposal of property and equipment Net cash used in investing activities Cash flows from financing activities: Changes in book overdraft Debt issuance costs paid Principal payments under finance lease obligations Proceeds from exercise of share option awards Cash purchases of treasury stock Tax withholding payments for share-based compensation Dividends paid Net cash used in financing activities Net decrease in cash and cash equivalents Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of year Cash at end of year Supplemental disclosures of non-cash investing and financing activities: Property and equipment acquired under finance leases Property and equipment additions unpaid Supplemental disclosures of cash flow information: Interest paid Income taxes paid Fiscal Year Ended December 31, 2023 January 1, 2023 $ (7,083 ) $ 26,134 18,315 631 2,738 595 — 70,060 619 (299 ) (25 ) (3,436 ) 2,752 27,734 (2,371 ) (11,846 ) (71,435 ) (8,411 ) 18,538 (11,022 ) 60 — (10,962 ) (130 ) — (3,538 ) 117 — (627 ) (19,762 ) (23,940 ) (16,364 ) 25,565 $ $ $ $ $ 9,201 $ 8,931 711 707 24 $ $ $ $ 18,020 — 2,470 453 288 68,929 — — — 2,106 1,641 (23,512 ) (3,292 ) (37,251 ) (70,940 ) (13,486 ) (28,440 ) (13,193 ) — 13 (13,180 ) 619 (18 ) (3,504 ) 349 (4,136 ) (1,212 ) (22,333 ) (30,235 ) (71,855 ) 97,420 25,565 3,828 1,592 586 5,471 See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements. F-7 BIG 5 SPORTING GOODS CORPORATION NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (1) Description of Business Big 5 Sporting Goods Corporation (the “Company”) is a leading sporting goods retailer in the western United States, operating 430 stores and an e-commerce platform as of December 31, 2023. The Company provides a full-line product offering in a traditional sporting goods store format that averages approximately 12,000 square feet. The Company’s product mix includes athletic shoes, apparel and accessories, as well as a broad selection of outdoor and athletic equipment for team sports, fitness, camping, hunting, fishing, home recreation, tennis, golf, and winter and summer recreation. The Company is a holding company that operates as one reportable segment under the “Big 5 Sporting Goods” name through Big 5 Corp., its 100%-owned subsidiary, and Big 5 Services Corp., which is a 100%-owned subsidiary of Big 5 Corp. Big 5 Services Corp. provides a centralized operation for the issuance and administration of gift cards and returned merchandise credits (collectively, “stored-value cards”). The Company’s consolidated financial statements as of December 31, 2023 and January 1, 2023 and for the years ended December 31, 2023 (“fiscal 2023”) and January 1, 2023 (“fiscal 2022”) represent the financial position, results of operations and cash flows of the Company and have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”). (2) Summary of Significant Accounting Policies Consolidation The accompanying consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Big 5 Sporting Goods Corporation, Big 5 Corp. and Big 5 Services Corp. Intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. Reporting Period The Company follows the concept of a 52-53 week fiscal year, which ends on the Sunday nearest December 31. Fiscal 2023 and fiscal 2022 each included 52 weeks. Recently Issued Accounting Updates In June 2023, the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) approved new listing standards that were proposed by the New York Stock Exchange and Nasdaq. The new listing standards require listed companies to adopt and comply with a written policy providing for the recovery, in the event of a required accounting restatement, of incentive-based compensation received by current or former executive officers where that compensation is based on erroneously reported financial information. The listing standards took effect on October 2, 2023, and registrants had until December 1, 2023 (60 days after the effective date) to adopt a recovery policy. The recovery policy must, however, apply to erroneously awarded incentive-based compensation received (as defined in the listing standards) after the effective date. The adoption of these new listing standards did not have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements. In July 2023, the SEC adopted the final rule under SEC Release Nos. 33-11216, Cybersecurity Risk Management, Strategy, Governance, and Incident Disclosure, requiring current disclosure about material cybersecurity incidents; periodic disclosures about a registrant’s processes to assess, identify, and manage material cybersecurity risks; a description of management’s role in assessing and managing material cybersecurity risks; and the board of directors’ oversight of cybersecurity risks. While the incident-reporting requirements under this rule will be effective in the second quarter of fiscal 2024 due to the Company’s status as a smaller-reporting company, the disclosure requirements under this rule were effective in the fourth quarter of fiscal 2023. The adoption of this final rule did not have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements. In October 2023, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) No. 2023-06, Disclosure Improvements—Codification Amendments in Response to the SEC’s Disclosure Update and Simplification Initiative, which incorporates into the Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) certain incremental disclosure requirements introduced by the SEC as part of its disclosure update and simplification initiative. The amendments in this update are intended to clarify or improve presentation and disclosure requirements around a variety of ASC Topics, improve entity comparability for users, and align ASC requirements with SEC regulations. For entities subject to the SEC’s existing disclosure requirements, the effective date for each amendment will be the date on which the SEC’s removal of that related disclosure from Regulation S-X or Regulation S-K becomes effective. However, if by June 30, 2027, the SEC has not removed the related disclosure from its regulations, the amendments will be removed from the ASC and not become effective. Early adoption is prohibited. The Company does not expect the issuance of this ASU to have a material impact on its consolidated financial statements. F-8 BIG 5 SPORTING GOODS CORPORATION NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued) In November 2023, the FASB issued ASU No. 2023-07, Segment Reporting (Topic 280)—Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures, which aims to improve reportable segment disclosure requirements, primarily through enhanced disclosures about significant segment expenses. In addition, the amendments in the ASU enhance interim disclosure requirements, clarify circumstances in which an entity can disclose multiple segment measures of profit or loss, provide new segment disclosure requirements for entities with a single reportable segment, and contain other disclosure requirements. The ASU applies to all public entities that are required to report segment information in accordance with ASC 280, and is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2023 and interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024, with early adoption permitted. The Company is evaluating the future impact of the issuance of this ASU on its consolidated financial statements. In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU No. 2023-09, Income Taxes (Topic 740)—Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures, which include improvements to income tax disclosures by requiring (1) consistent categories and greater disaggregation of information in the rate reconciliation and (2) income taxes paid disaggregated by jurisdiction. This ASU also includes certain other amendments to better align disclosures with Regulation S-X and to remove disclosures no longer considered cost beneficial or relevant. This ASU is effective for public entities for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2024, with earlier or retrospective application permitted. The amendments in this ASU should be applied prospectively for annual financial statements not yet issued or made available for issuance. The Company is evaluating the future impact of the issuance of this ASU on its consolidated financial statements. Other recently issued accounting updates are not expected to have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements. General Concentration of Risk The Company maintains its cash accounts in financial institutions, and accounts at these institutions are insured by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation up to $250,000. Because of the Company’s geographic concentration in the western United States, the Company is subject to regional risks, such as the economy, including downturns in the housing market, state financial conditions, unemployment and gas prices. Other regional risks include weather conditions, fires, droughts, earthquakes, power outages, floods and other natural disasters specific to the states in which the Company operates. The Company relies on a single distribution center located in Riverside, California, which services all of its stores and e-commerce platform. Any natural disaster or other serious disruption to the distribution center due to fire, earthquake or any other cause could damage a significant portion of inventory and could materially impair the Company’s ability to adequately stock its stores and fulfill its e-commerce business. The Company purchases merchandise from over 600 suppliers, and the Company’s 20 largest suppliers accounted for 39.3% of total purchases in fiscal 2023. One vendor represented greater than 5% of total purchases in fiscal 2023, at 5.1%. A significant portion of the Company’s inventory is manufactured abroad in Asia. Foreign imports subject the Company to the risks of changes in, or the imposition of new, import tariffs, duties or quotas, new restrictions on imports, loss of “most favored nation” status with the United States for a particular foreign country, antidumping or countervailing duty orders, retaliatory actions in response to illegal trade practices, work stoppages, delays in shipment, freight expense increases, product cost increases due to foreign currency fluctuations or revaluations, public health issues that could lead to temporary closures of facilities or shipping ports, such as the recent outbreak of the novel coronavirus (“COVID-19”), and other economic uncertainties. If a disruption of trade were to occur from the countries in which the suppliers of the Company’s vendors are located, the Company may be unable to obtain sufficient quantities of products to satisfy its requirements, or the cost of obtaining products may increase. A substantial amount of the Company’s inventory is manufactured abroad. From time to time, shipping ports experience capacity constraints (such as delays associated with COVID-19), labor strikes, work stoppages or other disruptions that may delay the delivery of imported products. A contract dispute may lead to protracted delays in the movement of the Company’s products, which could further delay the delivery of products to the Company’s stores and impact net sales and profitability. In addition, other conditions outside of the Company’s control, such as adverse weather conditions or acts of terrorism or war, such as the current conflicts in Ukraine and the Middle East, could significantly disrupt operations at shipping ports or otherwise impact transportation of the imported merchandise we sell, either through supply chain disruptions, or rising freight and fuel costs. F-9 BIG 5 SPORTING GOODS CORPORATION NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued) The Company could be exposed to credit risk in the event of nonperformance by its lender under its revolving credit facility. Instability in the financial and capital markets could bring additional potential risks to the Company, including higher costs of credit, potential lender defaults, and potential commercial bank failures. The Company has received no indication that any such events will negatively impact its lender under its credit facility; however, the possibility does exist. Use of Estimates Management makes a number of estimates and assumptions relating to the reporting of assets, liabilities and stockholders’ equity and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the consolidated financial statements and reported amounts of revenue and expense during the reporting period to prepare these consolidated financial statements in conformity with GAAP. Certain items subject to such estimates and assumptions include the carrying amount of merchandise inventories, property and equipment, lease assets and lease liabilities; valuation allowances for receivables, sales returns and deferred income tax assets; estimates related to stored-value cards and the valuation of share-based compensation awards; and obligations related to litigation, self-insurance liabilities and employee benefits. Due to the inherent uncertainty involved in making assumptions and estimates, events and changes in circumstances arising after December 31, 2023, including those resulting from the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic, may result in actual outcomes that differ from those contemplated by management’s assumptions and estimates. Segment Reporting The Company operates solely as a sporting goods retailer, which includes both retail stores and an e-commerce platform, that offers a broad range of products in the western United States and online, and whose Chief Operating Decision Maker (“CODM”) is the Chief Executive Officer. The CODM reviews financial information presented on a consolidated basis, for purposes of allocating resources and evaluating financial performance. The Company’s stores typically have similar square footage, with the stores and e-commerce platform offering a similar general product mix. The Company’s core customer demographic remains similar across all sales channels, as does the Company’s process for the procurement and marketing of its product mix. Furthermore, the Company distributes its product mix for both the stores and e-commerce platform from a single distribution center. Given the consolidated level of review by the CODM, the Company operates as one reportable segment as defined by ASC 280, Segment Reporting. Earnings Per Share The Company calculates earnings per share in accordance with ASC 260, Earnings Per Share, which requires a dual presentation of basic and diluted earnings per share. Basic earnings per share is calculated by dividing net income by the weighted-average shares of common stock outstanding, reduced by shares repurchased and held in treasury, during the period. Diluted earnings per share represents basic earnings per share adjusted to include the potentially dilutive effect of outstanding share option awards, nonvested share awards and nonvested share unit awards. Revenue Recognition The Company operates solely as a sporting goods retailer, which includes both retail stores and an e-commerce platform, that offers a broad range of products in the western United States and online. Generally, all revenue is recognized when control of the promised goods is transferred to customers, in an amount that reflects the consideration in exchange for those goods. Accordingly, the Company implicitly enters into a contract with customers to deliver merchandise inventory at the point of sale. Collectability is reasonably assured since the Company only extends immaterial credit purchases to certain municipalities and local school districts. F-10 BIG 5 SPORTING GOODS CORPORATION NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued) As noted in the segment information elsewhere in this Note 2 to the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements, the Company’s business consists of one reportable segment. In accordance with ASC 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers, the Company disaggregates net sales into the following major merchandise categories to depict the nature and amount of revenue and related cash flows: Hardgoods Athletic and sport footwear Athletic and sport apparel Other sales Net sales Fiscal Year Ended December 31, 2023 January 1, 2023 $ $ (In thousands) 475,350 219,184 185,064 5,147 884,745 $ $ 536,294 246,302 209,672 3,270 995,538 Substantially all of the Company’s revenue is for single performance obligations for the following distinct items: • • • Retail store sales E-commerce sales Stored-value cards For performance obligations related to retail store and e-commerce sales contracts, the Company typically transfers control, for retail stores, upon consummation of the sale when the product is paid for and taken by the customer and, for e-commerce sales, when the product is tendered for delivery to the common carrier. For performance obligations related to stored-value cards, the Company typically transfers control upon redemption of the stored-value card through consummation of a future sales transaction. The transaction price for each contract is the stated price on the product, reduced by any stated discounts at that point in time. The Company does not engage in sales of products that attach a future material right which could result in a separate performance obligation for the purchase of goods in the future at a material discount. The implicit point-of-sale contract with the customer, as reflected in the transaction receipt, states the final terms of the sale, including the description, quantity, and price of each product purchased. Payment for the Company’s contracts is due in full upon delivery. The customer agrees to a stated price implicit in the contract. The transaction price relative to sales subject to a right of return reflects the amount of estimated consideration to which the Company expects to be entitled. This amount of variable consideration included in the transaction price, and measurement of net sales, is included in net sales only to the extent that it is probable that there will be no significant reversal in a future period. Actual amounts of consideration ultimately received may differ from the Company’s estimates. There were no material adjustments to the Company’s previous estimates. The allowance for sales returns is estimated based upon historical experience and a provision for estimated returns is recorded as a reduction in sales in the relevant period. The estimated right-of- return merchandise cost related to the sales returns is recorded as prepaid expense in the Company’s consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2023. If actual results in the future vary from the Company’s estimates, the Company adjusts these estimates, which would affect net sales and earnings in the period such variances become known. The Company has elected to apply the practical expedient, relative to e-commerce sales, which allows an entity to account for shipping and handling as fulfillment activities, and not a separate performance obligation. Accordingly, the Company recognizes revenue for only one performance obligation, the sale of the product, at shipping point (when the customer gains control). Revenue associated with e-commerce sales is not material. Contract liabilities are recognized primarily for stored-value card sales and issuances in exchange for returns. Cash received from the sale or issuance of stored-value cards is recorded as a contract liability in accrued expenses in the Company’s consolidated balance sheets, and the Company recognizes revenue upon the customer’s redemption of the stored-value card. Stored-value card breakage is recognized as revenue in proportion to the pattern of customer redemptions by applying a historical breakage rate of five percent. The Company does not sell or provide stored-value cards that carry expiration dates. F-11 BIG 5 SPORTING GOODS CORPORATION NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued) The Company recognized $5.5 million and $6.1 million in stored-value card redemption revenue for fiscal 2023 and 2022, respectively. The Company also recognized $0.3 million in stored-value card breakage revenue for each of fiscal 2023 and 2022. The Company had outstanding stored-value card liabilities of $9.2 million and $8.8 million as of December 31, 2023 and January 1, 2023, respectively, which are included in accrued expenses in the Company’s consolidated balance sheets. Based upon historical experience, stored-value cards are predominantly redeemed in the first two years following their issuance date. The Company recorded, as prepaid expense in the Company’s consolidated balance sheets, estimated right-of-return merchandise cost of $0.9 million and $1.2 million related to estimated sales returns as of December 31, 2023 and January 1, 2023, and recorded, as accrued expense in the Company’s consolidated balance sheets, an allowance for sales returns reserve of $1.7 million and $2.3 million as of December 31, 2023 and January 1, 2023, respectively. Cost of Sales Cost of sales includes the cost of merchandise, net of discounts or allowances earned, freight (including e-commerce shipping and handling costs), inventory reserves, buying, distribution center expense, including depreciation and amortization, and store occupancy expense. Store occupancy expense includes rent, amortization of leasehold improvements, common area maintenance, property taxes and insurance. Selling and Administrative Expense Selling and administrative expense includes store-related expense, other than store occupancy expense, as well as advertising, depreciation and amortization, expense associated with operating the Company’s corporate headquarters and impairment charges, if any. Vendor Allowances The Company receives allowances for co-operative advertising and volume purchase rebates earned through programs with certain vendors. The Company records a receivable for these allowances which are earned but not yet received when it is determined the amounts are probable and reasonably estimable. Amounts that represent a reimbursement of costs incurred, such as advertising, and amounts relating to the purchase of merchandise are recorded as a reduction of inventory cost and reduce cost of goods sold as the merchandise is sold. Advertising Expense Advertising is expensed when the advertising first occurs. Advertising expense amounted to $10.2 million and $12.1 million for fiscal 2023 and 2022, respectively. The Company continues to benefit from reduced advertising in fiscal 2023 and 2022 as a result of measures implemented in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. Advertising expense is included in selling and administrative expense in the Company’s consolidated statements of operations. The Company receives co-operative advertising allowances from certain product vendors in order to subsidize qualifying advertising and similar promotional expenditures made relating to vendors’ products. The Company treats these advertising allowances as a reduction of inventory cost and cost of goods sold which had an immaterial effect on the Company’s consolidated financial statements. Share-Based Compensation The Company accounts for its share-based compensation in accordance with ASC 718, Compensation—Stock Compensation. The Company recognizes compensation expense on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period using the fair-value method for share option awards, nonvested share awards and nonvested share unit awards granted with service-only conditions. See Note 13 to the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for a further discussion on share-based compensation. Pre-opening Costs Pre-opening costs for new stores, which are not material, consist primarily of payroll and recruiting expense, training, marketing, rent, travel and supplies, and are expensed as incurred and included in selling and administrative expense in the Company’s consolidated statements of operations. F-12 BIG 5 SPORTING GOODS CORPORATION NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued) Cash Cash consists of cash on hand, and the Company had no cash equivalents as of any periods presented. Book overdrafts for checks outstanding are classified as current liabilities in the Company’s consolidated balance sheets. Accounts Receivable Accounts receivable consist primarily of third party purchasing card receivables, amounts due from inventory vendors for returned products, volume purchase rebates or co-operative advertising, amounts due from lessors for tenant improvement allowances and insurance recovery receivables. Accounts receivable have not historically resulted in any material credit losses. An allowance for doubtful accounts is provided when accounts are determined to be uncollectible. Valuation of Merchandise Inventories, Net The Company’s merchandise inventories are valued at the lower of cost or net realizable value using the weighted-average cost method that approximates the first-in, first-out (“FIFO”) method. Average cost includes the direct purchase price of merchandise inventory, net of vendor allowances and cash discounts, in-bound freight-related expense and allocated overhead expense associated with the Company’s distribution center. Management regularly reviews inventories and records valuation reserves for damaged and defective merchandise, merchandise items with slow-moving or obsolescence exposure and merchandise that has a carrying value that exceeds net realizable value. Because of its merchandise mix, the Company has not historically experienced significant occurrences of obsolescence. Inventory shrinkage is accrued as a percentage of merchandise sales based on historical inventory shrinkage trends. The Company performs physical inventories of its stores at least once per year and cycle counts inventories at its distribution center throughout the year. The reserve for inventory shrinkage primarily represents an estimate for inventory shrinkage for each store since the last physical inventory date through the reporting date. These reserves are estimates, which could vary significantly, either favorably or unfavorably, from actual results if future economic conditions, consumer demand and competitive environments differ from expectations. Prepaid Expenses and Other Assets Prepaid expenses include the prepayment of various operating expenses such as insurance, income and property taxes, software maintenance and supplies, which are expensed when the operating cost is realized, as well as estimated right-of-return merchandise cost related to estimated sales returns. Other assets include the long-term portion of certain prepaid expenses, capitalized deferred financing fees related to the Company’s credit facility and capitalized implementation costs related to information technology (“IT”) system hosting arrangements that are service contracts. While deferred financing fees and implementation costs are capitalized and amortized over the respective terms of their arrangements, costs related to the service element of a hosting arrangement that is a service contract are expensed as incurred. Property and Equipment, Net Property and equipment are stated at cost and are being depreciated or amortized utilizing the straight-line method over the following estimated useful lives: Land Buildings Leasehold improvements Furniture and equipment Internal-use software Indefinite 20 years Shorter of estimated useful life or term of lease 3 – 10 years 3 – 7 years Maintenance and repairs are expensed as incurred. F-13 BIG 5 SPORTING GOODS CORPORATION NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued) The Company incurs costs to purchase and develop software for internal use. Costs related to the application development stage are capitalized and amortized over the estimated useful life of the software. Costs related to the design or maintenance of internal-use software are expensed as incurred. See Note 3 to the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for a further discussion on property and equipment. Valuation of Long-Lived Assets In accordance with ASC 360, Property, Plant, and Equipment, the Company reviews long-lived assets for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. Long-lived assets are reviewed for recoverability at the lowest level in which there are identifiable cash flows (“asset group”), usually at the store level. The carrying amount of a store asset group includes stores’ property and equipment, primarily leasehold improvements, and operating lease right-of-use (“ROU”) assets. The carrying amount of a store asset group is not considered recoverable if it exceeds the sum of the undiscounted cash flows expected to result from the use and eventual disposition of the store asset group. Factors that could trigger an impairment review include a current-period operating or cash flow loss combined with a history of operating or cash flow losses, and a projection that demonstrates continuing losses or insufficient income over the remaining reasonably certain lease term associated with the use of a store asset group. Other factors may include an adverse change in the business climate or an adverse action or assessment by a regulator in the market of a store asset group. When stores are identified as having an indicator of impairment, the Company forecasts undiscounted cash flows over the store asset group’s remaining reasonably certain lease term and compares the undiscounted cash flows to the carrying amount of the store asset group. If the store asset group is determined not to be recoverable, then an impairment charge will be recognized in the amount by which the carrying amount of the store asset group exceeds its fair value, determined using discounted cash flow valuation techniques, as contemplated in ASC 820, Fair Value Measurements. The Company determines the cash flows expected to result from the store asset group by projecting future revenue, gross margin and operating expense for each store asset group under evaluation for impairment. The estimates of future cash flows involve management judgment and are based upon assumptions about expected future operating performance. Assumptions used in these forecasts are consistent with internal planning, and include assumptions about sales growth rates, gross margins and operating expense in relation to the current economic environment and the Company’s future expectations, competitive factors in its various markets, inflation, sales trends and other relevant environmental factors that may impact the store under evaluation. The actual cash flows could differ from management’s estimates due to changes in business conditions, operating performance and economic conditions. If economic conditions deteriorate in the markets in which the Company conducts business, or if other negative market conditions develop, the Company may experience additional impairment charges in the future for underperforming stores. The resulting impairment charge, if any, is allocated to the property and equipment, primarily leasehold improvements, and operating lease ROU assets on a pro rata basis using the relative carrying amounts of those assets. The allocated impairment charge to a long-lived asset is limited to the extent that the impairment charge does not reduce the carrying amount of the individual long-lived asset below its individual fair value. The estimation of the fair value of an ROU asset involves the evaluation of current market value rental amounts for leases associated with ROU assets. The estimates of current market value rental amounts are primarily based on recent observable market rental data of other comparable retail store locations. The fair value of an ROU asset is measured using a discounted cash flow valuation technique by discounting the estimated current and future market rental values using a property-specific discount rate. The Company recognized impairment charges of $0.6 million in fiscal 2023 related to certain underperforming stores, and did not recognize any impairment charges in fiscal 2022. F-14 BIG 5 SPORTING GOODS CORPORATION NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued) Leases In accordance with ASC 842, Leases, the Company determines if an arrangement is a lease at inception. The Company has operating and finance leases for the Company’s retail store facilities, distribution center, corporate offices, IT hardware, and distribution center delivery tractors and equipment. Operating leases are included in operating lease ROU assets and operating lease liabilities, current and noncurrent, on the Company’s consolidated balance sheets. Finance leases are included in property and equipment and finance lease liabilities, current and noncurrent, on the Company’s consolidated balance sheets. Lease liabilities are calculated using the effective interest method, regardless of classification, while the amortization of ROU assets varies depending upon classification. Finance lease classification results in a front-loaded expense recognition pattern over the lease term which amortizes the ROU asset by recognizing interest expense and amortization expense as separate components of lease expense and calculates the amortization expense component on a straight-line basis. Conversely, operating lease classification results in a straight-line expense recognition pattern over the lease term and recognizes lease expense as a single expense component, which results in amortization of the ROU asset that equals the difference between lease expense and interest expense. Lease expense for finance and operating leases are included in cost of sales or selling and administrative expense, based on the use of the leased asset, on the Company’s consolidated statement of operations. Variable payments such as property taxes, insurance and common area maintenance related to triple net leases, as well as certain equipment sales taxes, licenses, fees and repairs, are expensed as incurred, and leases with an initial term of 12 months or less are excluded from minimum lease payments and are not recorded on the Company’s consolidated balance sheets. The Company recognizes variable lease expense for these short-term leases on a straight-line basis over the remaining lease term. ROU assets represent the right to use an underlying asset for the lease term and lease liabilities represent the obligation to make lease payments arising from the lease. Operating lease ROU assets and liabilities are recognized at the commencement date based on the present value of lease payments over the reasonably certain lease term. As the Company’s leases generally do not provide an implicit rate, the Company uses a collateralized incremental borrowing rate (“IBR”) to determine the present value of lease payments. The collateralized IBR is based on a synthetic credit rating that is externally prepared on an annual basis. This analysis considers qualitative and quantitative factors based on guidance provided by a rating agency for the consumer durables industry. The Company adjusts the selected IBR quarterly with a company-specific unsecured yield curve that approximates the Company’s market risk profile. The collateralized IBR is also based upon the estimated impact that the collateral has on the IBR. To account for the collateralized nature of the IBR, the Company utilized a notching method based on notching guidance provided by a rating agency whereby the Company’s base credit rating is notched upward as the yield curve on a secured loan is expected to be lower versus an unsecured loan. The operating lease ROU asset also includes any prepaid lease payments made and is reduced by lease incentives such as tenant improvement allowances. The operating lease terms may include options to extend or terminate the lease when it is reasonably certain that the Company will exercise that option. Operating lease expense for lease payments is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term. Certain of the leases for the Company’s retail store facilities provide for payments based on future sales volumes at the leased location, which are not measurable at the inception of the lease. Under ASC 842, these contingent rents are expensed as they accrue. See Note 7 to the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for a further discussion on leases. Self-Insurance Liabilities The Company is self-insured for certain of its various insurance risks including its estimated workers’ compensation liability risk in some states. The Company also has a self-funded insurance program for a portion of its employee medical benefits. Under these programs, the Company maintains insurance coverage for losses in excess of specified per-occurrence amounts. Estimated expenses incurred under the self-insured workers’ compensation and medical benefits programs, including incurred but not reported claims, are recorded as expense based upon historical experience, trends of paid and incurred claims, and other actuarial assumptions. If actual claims trends under these programs, including the severity or frequency of claims, differ from the Company’s estimates, its financial results may be significantly impacted. The Company’s actuarially-estimated self-insurance liabilities, which are reported gross of expected workers’ compensation insurance reimbursements, are classified on the Company’s consolidated balance sheets as accrued expenses or other long-term liabilities based upon whether they are expected to be paid during or beyond the normal operating cycle of 12 months from the date of the Company’s consolidated financial statements. Self-insurance liabilities totaled $11.0 million and $11.1 million as of December 31, 2023 and January 1, 2023, respectively, of which $4.6 million were recorded as a component of accrued expenses as of December 31, 2023 and January 1, 2023, and $6.4 million and $6.5 million were recorded as a component of other long-term liabilities as of December 31, 2023 and January 1, 2023, respectively, in the Company’s consolidated balance sheets. F-15 BIG 5 SPORTING GOODS CORPORATION NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued) Income Taxes Under the asset and liability method prescribed within ASC 740, Income Taxes, the Company recognizes deferred tax assets and liabilities for the future tax consequences attributable to differences between financial statement carrying amounts of assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to be realized or settled. The effect of a change in tax rates on deferred tax assets and liabilities is recognized in income in the period that includes the enactment date. The realizability of deferred tax assets is assessed throughout the year and a valuation allowance is recorded if necessary to reduce net deferred tax assets to the amount more likely than not to be realized. Certain prior period deferred tax disclosures were reclassified to conform with current period presentation. ASC 740 provides that a tax benefit from an uncertain tax position may be recognized when it is more likely than not that the position will be sustained upon examination, including resolutions of any related appeals or litigation processes, based on the technical merits of the position. ASC 740 also provides guidance on measurement, derecognition, classification, interest and penalties, accounting in interim periods, disclosure and transition. The Company’s practice is to recognize interest accrued related to unrecognized tax benefits in interest expense and penalties in selling and administrative expense in the Company’s consolidated statements of operations. As of December 31, 2023 and January 1, 2023, the Company had no accrued interest or penalties. See Note 9 to the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for a further discussion on income taxes. Treasury Stock Purchases The Company repurchases its common stock in the open market pursuant to programs approved by its Board of Directors. In the first quarter of fiscal 2022, the Board of Directors authorized a new share repurchase program of up to $25.0 million of common stock, which replaced the previous share repurchase program. Under this program, the Company may purchase shares from time to time in the open market or in privately negotiated transactions in compliance with the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission. The Company may repurchase its common stock for a variety of reasons, including, among other things, its alternative cash requirements, existing business conditions and the current market price of its stock. However, the timing and amount of such purchases, if any, would be at the discretion of management and the Board of Directors. The Company did not repurchase any shares of common stock in fiscal 2023 and repurchased 295,719 shares of common stock in fiscal 2022. (3) Property and Equipment, Net Property and equipment, net, consist of the following: Leasehold improvements Furniture and equipment Internal-use software Land Building Accumulated depreciation and amortization (1) Assets not placed into service Property and equipment, net December 31, 2023 January 1, 2023 (In thousands) $ $ 188,216 $ 151,007 37,205 2,750 1,775 380,953 (323,284 ) 57,669 926 58,595 $ 184,326 146,392 37,192 2,750 1,775 372,435 (315,596 ) 56,839 1,472 58,311 (1) Includes accumulated amortization for internal-use software development costs of $35.7 million and $34.4 million as of December 31, 2023 and January 1, 2023, respectively. F-16 BIG 5 SPORTING GOODS CORPORATION NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued) Depreciation expense associated with property and equipment, including assets leased under finance leases, was $8.3 million and $8.0 million for fiscal 2023 and 2022, respectively. Amortization expense for leasehold improvements was $8.5 million and $8.0 million for fiscal 2023 and 2022, respectively. Amortization expense for internal-use software was $1.5 million and $2.0 million for fiscal 2023 and 2022, respectively. The gross cost of equipment under finance leases, included above, was $22.6 million and $19.1 million as of December 31, 2023 and January 1, 2023, respectively. The accumulated depreciation related to these finance leases was $5.8 million and $8.2 million as of December 31, 2023 and January 1, 2023, respectively. (4) Impairment of Assets Long-lived assets are reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. Assets subject to the Company’s evaluation totaled $253.6 million and $58.6 million for ROU assets and property and equipment, respectively, as of December 31, 2023. No long-lived assets were subject to evaluation as of January 1, 2023. In fiscal 2023, the Company recognized non- cash impairment charges of $0.6 million related to certain underperforming stores. These impairment charges represented property, equipment and leasehold improvements of $0.5 million and ROU assets of $0.1 million, and are included in selling and administrative expense in the consolidated statements of operations. The lower-than-expected sales performance, coupled with future unfavorable undiscounted cash flow projections, indicated that the carrying value of these stores’ assets exceeded their estimated fair values as determined by their future discounted cash flow projections. No impairment charges were recognized in fiscal 2022. (5) Fair Value Measurements The carrying values of cash, accounts receivable, accounts payable and accrued expenses approximate the fair values of these instruments due to their short-term nature. Book overdrafts for checks outstanding are classified as current liabilities in the Company’s consolidated balance sheets. The carrying amount for borrowings, if any, under the Company’s credit facility approximates fair value because of the variable market interest rate charged to the Company for these borrowings. When the Company recognizes impairment on certain of its underperforming stores, the carrying values of these stores are reduced to their estimated fair values. The Company’s only significant assets or liabilities measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis subsequent to their initial recognition were assets subject to long-lived asset impairment related to certain underperforming stores. The Company estimates the fair values of these long-lived assets based on the Company’s own judgments about the assumptions that market participants would use in pricing the asset and on observable real estate market data of underperforming stores’ specific comparable markets, when available. The Company classifies these fair value measurements as Level 3 inputs, which are unobservable inputs for which market data are not available and that are developed using the best information available about pricing assumptions used by market participants in accordance with ASC 820. As of December 31, 2023, there were $0.6 million of long-lived assets subject to impairment and as of January 1, 2023, there were no long-lived assets subject to impairment. (6) Accrued Expenses The major components of accrued expenses are as follows: Payroll and related expense Occupancy expense Sales tax Other Accrued expenses December 31, 2023 January 1, 2023 $ $ (In thousands) 22,331 $ 8,655 7,581 22,716 61,283 $ 26,525 10,126 9,964 23,646 70,261 F-17 BIG 5 SPORTING GOODS CORPORATION NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued) (7) Lease Commitments The Company has operating and finance leases for the Company’s retail store facilities, distribution center, corporate offices, IT hardware, and distribution center delivery tractors and equipment, and accounts for these leases in accordance with ASC 842. The Company’s operating leases have remaining reasonably certain lease terms of up to 11 years, which typically include options to extend the leases for up to 5 years. The Company’s finance leases have remaining reasonably certain lease terms of up to 6 years. Certain of the leases for the Company’s retail store facilities provide for variable payments for property taxes, insurance, common area maintenance payments related to triple net leases, rental payments based on future sales volumes at the leased location, as well as certain equipment sales taxes, licenses, fees and repairs, which are not measurable at the inception of the lease, or rental payments that are adjusted periodically for inflation. The Company recognizes variable lease expense for these leases in the period incurred which, for contingent rent, begins in the period in which it becomes probable that the specified target that triggers the variable lease payments will be achieved. The Company’s lease agreements do not contain any material residual value guarantees or material restrictive covenants. In accordance with ASC 842, the components of lease expense were as follows: Lease expense: Operating lease expense Variable lease expense Operating lease expense Amortization of right-of-use assets Interest on lease liabilities Finance lease expense Total lease expense In accordance with ASC 842, other information related to leases was as follows: Operating cash flows from operating leases Financing cash flows from finance leases Operating cash flows from finance leases Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for new finance lease liabilities Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for new operating lease liabilities Weighted-average remaining lease term—finance leases Weighted-average remaining lease term—operating leases Weighted-average discount rate—finance leases Weighted-average discount rate—operating leases F-18 Fiscal Year Ended December 31, 2023 January 1, 2023 (In thousands) $ $ 84,480 $ 18,884 103,364 3,822 406 4,228 107,592 $ 83,412 18,803 102,215 3,652 282 3,934 106,149 Fiscal Year Ended December 31, 2023 January 1, 2023 (In thousands) $ $ $ $ 86,207 $ 3,538 437 90,182 $ 9,118 $ 47,948 $ 4.3 years 4.7 years 6.1 % 5.4 % 86,170 3,504 289 89,963 3,859 74,829 3.8 years 5.0 years 3.8 % 4.9 % BIG 5 SPORTING GOODS CORPORATION NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued) In accordance with ASC 842, maturities of finance and operating lease liabilities as of December 31, 2023 were as follows: Fiscal Year Ending: 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028 Thereafter Undiscounted cash flows Reconciliation of lease liabilities: Weighted-average remaining lease term Weighted-average discount rate Present values Lease liabilities - current Lease liabilities - long-term Lease liabilities - total Difference between undiscounted and discounted cash flows (8) Long-Term Debt Finance Leases Operating Leases (In thousands) 4,711 $ 4,253 3,928 2,706 1,788 594 17,980 $ 4.3 years 6.1 % 15,699 $ 3,843 11,856 15,699 $ 2,281 $ 82,480 68,846 51,708 34,726 23,497 36,288 297,545 4.7 years 5.4 % 261,550 70,372 191,178 261,550 35,995 $ $ $ $ $ The Company, Big 5 Corp. and Big 5 Services Corp. are parties to a Loan, Guaranty and Security Agreement with Bank of America, N.A. (“BofA”), as agent and lender, which was amended on November 22, 2021, October 19, 2022 and May 16, 2023 (as so amended, the “Loan Agreement”). The Loan Agreement has a maturity date of February 24, 2026 and provides for a revolving credit facility with an aggregate committed availability of up to $150.0 million. The Company may also request additional increases in aggregate availability, up to a maximum of $200.0 million, in which case the existing lender under the Loan Agreement will have the option to increase the commitment to accommodate the requested increase. If such existing lender does not exercise that option, the Company may (with the consent of BofA in its role as the administrative agent, not to be unreasonably withheld) seek other lenders willing to provide such commitments. The credit facility includes a $50.0 million sublimit for issuances of letters of credit. The Company may borrow under the Loan Agreement from time to time, provided the amounts outstanding will not exceed the lesser of the then aggregate committed availability (as discussed above) and the Borrowing Base (such lesser amount being referred to as the “Line Cap”). As defined in the Loan Agreement, the “Borrowing Base” generally is comprised of the sum, at the time of calculation, of (a) 90.00% of eligible credit card receivables; plus (b) the cost of eligible inventory (other than eligible in-transit inventory), net of inventory reserves, multiplied by 90.00% of the appraised net orderly liquidation value of eligible inventory (expressed as a percentage of the cost of eligible inventory); plus (c) the cost of eligible in-transit inventory, net of inventory reserves, multiplied by 90.00% of the appraised net orderly liquidation value of eligible in-transit inventory (expressed as a percentage of the cost of eligible in-transit inventory), minus (d) certain agreed-upon reserves as well as other reserves established by BofA in its role as the administrative agent in its reasonable discretion. Generally, the Company may designate specific borrowings under the Loan Agreement as either base rate loans or Term SOFR rate loans. The applicable interest rate on the Company’s borrowings is a function of the daily average, over the preceding fiscal quarter, of the excess of the Line Cap over amounts borrowed (such amount being referred to as the “Average Daily Availability”). Those loans designated as Term SOFR rate loans bear interest at a rate equal to the then applicable secured overnight financing rate as administered by the Federal Reserve Bank of New York (“SOFR”) rate plus a 0.10% “SOFR adjustment” spread, plus an applicable margin as shown in the table below. Those loans designated as base rate loans bear interest at a rate equal to the applicable margin for base rate loans (as shown below) plus the highest of (a) the Federal funds rate, as in effect from time to time, plus one- half of one percent (0.50%), (b) the one-month SOFR rate, plus one percentage point (1.00%), or (c) the rate of interest in effect for such day as announced from time to time within BofA as its “prime rate.” The applicable margin for all loans is a function of Average Daily Availability for the preceding fiscal quarter as set forth below. Level I II Average Daily Availability Greater than or equal to $70,000,000 Less than $70,000,000 SOFR Rate Applicable Margin 1.375% 1.500% Base Rate Applicable Margin 0.375% 0.500% The commitment fee assessed on the unused portion of the credit facility is 0.20% per annum. F-19 BIG 5 SPORTING GOODS CORPORATION NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued) Obligations under the Loan Agreement are secured by a general lien on and security interest in substantially all of the Company’s assets. The Loan Agreement contains covenants that require the Company to maintain a fixed charge coverage ratio of not less than 1.0:1.0 in certain circumstances, and limits the ability to, among other things, incur liens, incur additional indebtedness, transfer or dispose of assets, change the nature of the business, guarantee obligations, pay dividends or make other distributions or repurchase stock, and make advances, loans or investments. The Company may generally declare or pay cash dividends or repurchase stock only if, among other things, no default or event of default then exists or would arise from such dividend or repurchase of stock and, after giving effect to such dividend or repurchase, certain availability and/or fixed charge coverage ratio requirements are satisfied, although the Company is permitted to make up to $5.0 million of dividend payments or stock repurchases per year without satisfaction of the availability or fixed charge coverage ratio requirements, but dividends or stock repurchases made without satisfying the availability and/or fixed charge coverage ratio requirements will require the establishment of an additional reserve that will reduce borrowing availability under the Loan Agreement for 75 days. The Loan Agreement contains customary events of default, including, without limitation, failure to pay when due principal amounts with respect to the credit facility, failure to pay any interest or other amounts under the credit facility, failure to comply with certain agreements or covenants contained in the Loan Agreement, failure to satisfy certain judgments against the Company, failure to pay when due (or any other default which permits the acceleration of) certain other material indebtedness in principal amount in excess of $5.0 million, and certain insolvency and bankruptcy events. As of December 31, 2023 and January 1, 2023, the Company had no long-term revolving credit borrowings outstanding. As of December 31, 2023 and January 1, 2023, the Company had outstanding letter of credit commitments of $2.0 million and $1.4 million, respectively. Total remaining borrowing availability, after subtracting letters of credit, was $148.0 million and $148.6 million as of December 31, 2023 and January 1, 2023, respectively. (9) Income Taxes Income tax (benefit) expense consists of the following: Fiscal 2023: Federal State Fiscal 2022: Federal State Current Deferred (In thousands) Total $ $ $ $ (28 ) $ (34 ) (62 ) $ 2,958 $ 1,745 4,703 $ (2,770 ) $ (666 ) (3,436 ) $ 1,905 $ 201 2,106 $ (2,798 ) (700 ) (3,498 ) 4,863 1,946 6,809 The provision for income taxes differs from the amounts computed by applying the federal statutory tax rate of 21% to earnings before income taxes, as follows: Tax (benefit) expense at statutory rate State tax (benefit) expense, net of federal tax effect Tax credits Change in valuation allowance Additional deduction related to share-based compensation Nondeductible expenses Other Fiscal Year Ended December 31, 2023 January 1, 2023 (In thousands) $ $ (2,222 ) $ (556 ) (452 ) (221 ) (119 ) 104 (32 ) (3,498 ) $ 6,918 1,734 (826 ) — (1,321 ) 259 45 6,809 Deferred tax assets and liabilities as of December 31, 2023 and January 1, 2023 are tax-effected based on the federal and state corporate income tax rates. F-20 BIG 5 SPORTING GOODS CORPORATION NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued) Deferred tax assets and liabilities consist of the following tax-effected temporary differences: Deferred tax assets: Employee benefit-related liabilities Insurance liabilities Net operating loss Property, plant and equipment Gift card liability Deferred rent Merchandise inventory Disaster relief tax credits Share-based compensation Accrued legal fees Allowance for sales returns Other deferred tax assets Gross deferred tax assets Less: Valuation allowance Deferred tax assets, net of valuation allowance Deferred tax liabilities: Prepaid expense Federal liability on state deferred tax assets Accrual for software as a service Deferred tax liabilities Net deferred tax assets December 31, 2023 January 1, 2023 (In thousands) $ $ 2,864 $ 2,633 2,343 1,801 1,768 1,307 1,139 968 884 473 239 72 16,491 — 16,491 (1,361 ) (1,094 ) (609 ) (3,064 ) 13,427 $ 2,781 2,654 — 816 1,594 1,632 1,103 63 810 60 324 863 12,700 (280 ) 12,420 (992 ) (954 ) (483 ) (2,429 ) 9,991 As of the end of fiscal 2023, the Company eliminated a valuation allowance of $0.3 million that was maintained as of the end of fiscal 2022 related to unused California Enterprise Zone Tax Credits which the Company was not able to carry forward beyond the 2023 tax year as a result of California’s termination of this program. In assessing the realizability of deferred tax assets, management considers whether it is more likely than not that some portion or all of the deferred tax assets will be realized. The ultimate realization of deferred tax assets is dependent upon the generation of future taxable income during the periods in which those temporary differences become deductible. Management considers the scheduled reversals of deferred tax liabilities, projected future taxable income and tax planning strategies in making this assessment. Based upon the level of historical taxable income and projections of future taxable income over the periods during which the deferred tax assets are deductible, except as noted above, management believes it is more likely than not that the Company will realize the benefits of these deductible differences. The amount of the deferred tax asset considered realizable, however, could be reduced if estimates of future taxable income are reduced. Certain prior period amounts were reclassified to conform with current period presentation requirements. The Company files a consolidated federal income tax return and files tax returns in various state and local jurisdictions. The statutes of limitations for its consolidated federal income tax returns are open for fiscal years 2020 and after, and state and local income tax returns are open for fiscal years 2019 and after. As of December 31, 2023 and January 1, 2023, the Company had no unrecognized tax benefits that, if recognized, would affect the Company’s effective income tax rate over the next 12 months. The Company’s policy is to recognize interest accrued related to unrecognized tax benefits in interest expense and penalties in operating expense. As of December 31, 2023 and January 1, 2023, the Company had no accrued interest or penalties. F-21 BIG 5 SPORTING GOODS CORPORATION NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued) (10) Earnings Per Share The Company calculates earnings per share in accordance with ASC 260, Earnings Per Share, which requires a dual presentation of basic and diluted earnings per share. Basic earnings per share is calculated by dividing net income by the weighted-average shares of common stock outstanding, reduced by shares repurchased and held in treasury, during the period. Diluted earnings per share represents basic earnings per share adjusted to include the potentially dilutive effect of outstanding share option awards, nonvested share awards and nonvested share unit awards. Diluted earnings per share was computed using the treasury stock method for share option awards, nonvested share awards and nonvested share unit awards, if any. The following table sets forth the computation of basic and diluted earnings per common share: Net (loss) income Weighted-average shares of common stock outstanding: Basic Dilutive effect of common stock equivalents arising from share option and nonvested share awards Diluted Basic (loss) earnings per share Diluted (loss) earnings per share Antidilutive share option awards excluded from diluted calculation Antidilutive nonvested share awards excluded from diluted calculation Fiscal Year Ended December 31, 2023 January 1, 2023 (In thousands, except per share data) $ (7,083 ) $ 26,134 $ $ 21,749 — 21,749 (0.33 ) $ (0.33 ) $ 165 410 21,634 455 22,089 1.21 1.18 16 185 The computation of diluted earnings per share for fiscal 2023 excludes all potential share option awards since the Company reported a net loss, and the effect of their inclusion would have been antidilutive (i.e., including such share option awards would result in higher earnings per share). The computation of diluted earnings per share in fiscal 2022 excludes certain share option awards since the exercise prices of these share option awards exceeded the average market price of the Company’s common shares, and the effect of their inclusion would have been antidilutive. The computation of diluted earnings per share for fiscal 2023 excludes all potential nonvested share awards since the Company reported a net loss, and the effect of their inclusion would have been antidilutive. The computation of diluted earnings per share for fiscal 2022 excludes certain nonvested share awards that were outstanding and antidilutive since the grant date fair values of these nonvested share awards exceeded the average market price of the Company’s common shares. (11) Employee Benefit Plans The Company has a 401(k) plan covering eligible employees. Employee contributions are supplemented by Company contributions subject to 401(k) plan terms. The Company recognized employer matching and profit-sharing contributions of $1.3 million and $2.4 million for fiscal 2023 and 2022, respectively. F-22 BIG 5 SPORTING GOODS CORPORATION NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued) (12) Commitments and Contingencies The Company is involved in various claims and legal actions arising in the ordinary course of business. In the opinion of management, the ultimate disposition of these matters is not expected to have a material effect on the Company’s results of operations or financial condition. Recovery of Insurance Proceeds In the fourth quarter of fiscal 2022, one of the Company’s stores qualified for loss recovery claims due to property damage sustained as a result of a roof collapse, and the Company disposed of assets of approximately $0.4 million related to lost inventory and property and equipment. In the third quarter of fiscal 2023, the Company reached an agreement with its insurance carrier and, after application of a deductible of $0.5 million, the Company received, as part of the insurance recovery, a cash advance of $0.7 million in total, of which $0.6 million related to the reimbursement of lost inventory and profit margin and $0.1 million related to the reimbursement of property and equipment. Accordingly, the Company recognized a gain of $0.3 million related to the recovery of lost inventory and profit margin and a gain of $25,000 related to the recovery of property and equipment. The gain related to the recovery of lost inventory and profit margin is included in the accompanying consolidated statement of operations as a reduction to cost of goods sold and the gain related to the recovery of lost property and equipment is included in the accompanying consolidated statement of operations as a reduction to selling and administrative expense for fiscal 2023. Further recovery is expected in fiscal 2024. Legal Proceedings On March 13, 2023, a complaint was filed in the Superior Court of the State of California, County of Santa Clara, entitled Zareyah Thompson v. Big 5 Corp., et. al., Case No. 23CV412334 (“Thompson Complaint”). The Thompson Complaint was brought as a purported California Private Attorneys General Act (“PAGA”) action on behalf of “current and former employees who worked for the Company or its operating subsidiary in California as a non-exempt, hourly paid employee and received at least one wage statement.” The Thompson Complaint alleges, among other things, that Big 5 failed to (i) provide minimum wages, (ii) provide compliant meal or rest periods, (iii) maintain and provide accurate itemized wage statements, (iv) properly compensate for all time worked, including overtime, premium, vacation and final wages, (v) properly maintain payroll records, and (vi) provide suitable seating. On March 21, 2023, a second complaint was filed in the Superior Court of the State of California, County of Santa Clara, entitled Christopher Puga v. Big 5 Corp., et. al., Case No. 23CV412953 (“Puga Complaint”). The Puga Complaint was brought as a purported PAGA action on behalf of “all current and former non-exempt employees that worked either directly or via a staffing agency for the Company or its operating subsidiary at any location in California” (“Putative Covered Employees”). The Puga Complaint alleges, among other things, that Big 5 (i) unlawfully required Putative Covered Employees to agree to unlawful criminal background checks, (ii) conducted unlawful financial and criminal background checks, and did not (iii) provide minimum wages, (iv) provide accurate itemized wage statements, (v) maintain accurate records pertaining to the Putative Covered Employees’ employment, (vi) produce or make available Putative Covered Employees’ personnel records and/or payroll records, (vii) provide compliant meal or rest periods, (viii) properly compensate for all time worked, including overtime, premium, vacation, and final wages, (ix) reimburse necessary business expenses; (x) provide suitable seating; (xi) provide sick leave pay to Putative Covered Employees, (xii) accurately calculate sick leave accrual and rate of pay, (xiii) put the Putative Covered Employees on notice of their paid sick leave rights, and (xiv) provide supplemental paid sick leave. The Thompson and Puga complaints have many overlapping causes of action. Accordingly, on or about April 12, 2023, a notice of related cases was filed with the Court regarding the Thompson Complaint and Puga Complaint. The Court subsequently conducted a case management conference on June 29, 2023 for both complaints, and jointly coordinated the complaints. The Company’s counsel held a mediation with opposing counsel on September 27, 2023. The Company has reached a tentative settlement in both cases and established a cumulative indemnity reserve of $1.5 million. Any settlement finalized will be subject to Court approval. The Company is involved in various other claims and legal actions arising in the ordinary course of business. In the opinion of management, the ultimate disposition of these matters is not expected to have a material effect on the Company’s results of operations, financial condition or cash flows. F-23 BIG 5 SPORTING GOODS CORPORATION NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued) (13) Share-Based Compensation Plans 2019 Equity Incentive Plan In April 2019, the Company adopted the 2019 Equity Incentive Plan, as amended and restated in June 2022 (“2019 Plan”), which replaced the Company’s Amended and Restated 2007 Equity and Performance Incentive Plan (the “Prior Plan”). The amendment and restatement of the 2019 Plan in June 2022 primarily authorized an additional 3,300,000 shares available for future grant. Awards under the 2019 Plan may consist of share option awards (both incentive share option awards and non-qualified share option awards), stock appreciation rights, nonvested share awards, other stock unit awards or dividend equivalents. Share option awards issued by the Company have typically been non-qualified share option awards, while nonvested share awards and nonvested share unit awards issued by the Company have typically been based on the attainment of service-only conditions. Upon the adoption of the 2019 Plan, the Company stopped issuing awards under the Prior Plan, although the Company will continue to honor any outstanding awards under the Prior Plan. The 2019 Plan (i) permits the Company to issue a maximum of 7,148,803 shares of the Company’s common stock plus the number of any additional shares that may thereafter become available as a result of the forfeiture, expiration or other cancellation of awards under any prior plans; and (ii) expires on April 11, 2029. Any share option awards or stock appreciation rights shall be counted against this limit as one share for every one share granted. Any shares that are subject to awards other than share option awards or stock appreciation rights (including shares delivered on the settlement of dividend equivalents) shall be counted against this limit as 2.5 shares for every one share granted. The aggregate number of shares available under the 2019 Plan and the number of outstanding share option awards will be increased or decreased to reflect any changes in the outstanding common stock of the Company by reason of any recapitalization, spin-off, reorganization, reclassification, stock dividend, stock split, reverse stock split, or similar transaction. At its discretion, the Company grants share option awards, nonvested share awards and nonvested share unit awards to certain employees, as defined by ASC 718, Compensation—Stock Compensation, under the 2019 Plan, and accounts for its share-based compensation in accordance with ASC 718. As of December 31, 2023, 3,563,101 shares remained available for future grant, and 253,385 share option awards, 634,227 nonvested share awards and zero nonvested share unit awards remained outstanding. The Company accounts for its share-based compensation in accordance with ASC 718 and recognizes compensation expense on a straight- line basis over the requisite service period, net of estimated forfeitures, using the fair-value method for share option awards, nonvested share awards and nonvested share unit awards granted with service-only conditions. The estimated forfeiture rate considers historical employee turnover rates stratified into employee pools in comparison with an overall employee turnover rate, as well as expectations about the future. The Company periodically revises the estimated forfeiture rate in subsequent periods if actual forfeitures differ from those estimates. Compensation expense recorded under this method for fiscal 2023 and 2022 was $2.7 million and $2.5 million, respectively, which reduced operating income and income before income taxes by the same amount. Compensation expense recognized in cost of sales was $0.1 million in fiscal 2023 and 2022 and compensation expense recognized in selling and administrative expense was $2.6 million and $2.4 million in fiscal 2023 and 2022, respectively. The recognized tax benefit related to compensation expense for fiscal 2023 and 2022 was $0.9 million and $0.5 million, respectively. Net loss for fiscal 2023 and net income for fiscal 2022 reflects the net-of-tax charge of $1.8 million and $2.0 million, respectively, or $0.08 and $0.09 per basic and diluted share, respectively. F-24 BIG 5 SPORTING GOODS CORPORATION NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued) Share Option Awards Share option awards granted by the Company generally vest and become exercisable in four equal installments of 25% per year with a maximum life of ten years. The exercise price of share option awards is equal to the quoted market price of the Company’s common stock on the date of grant. No share option awards were granted in fiscal 2023. The Company granted 10,000 share option awards with a weighted-average grant-date fair value of $5.46 per share option award in fiscal 2022. The following table details the Company’s share option awards activity for the current fiscal year: Outstanding at January 1, 2023 Exercised Forfeited Outstanding at December 31, 2023 Exercisable at December 31, 2023 Vested and Expected to Vest at December 31, 2023 Weighted- Average Remaining Contractual Life (In Years) Weighted- Average Exercise Price Aggregate Intrinsic Value $4.24 2.96 3.27 $4.47 $4.21 $4.47 5.78 5.51 5.78 $728,550 $510,325 $728,475 Shares 300,035 (39,325) (7,325) 253,385 187,789 253,301 The aggregate intrinsic value in the preceding table represents the total pre-tax intrinsic value, based upon the Company’s closing stock price of $6.34 per share as of December 31, 2023, which would have been received by the share option award holders had all share option award holders exercised their share option awards as of that date. The total intrinsic value of share option awards exercised, the total cash received from employees as a result of employee share option award exercises and the actual tax benefit realized for the tax deduction from share option award exercises in fiscal 2023 was approximately $0.2 million, $0.1 million and $0.1 million, respectively. The fair value of each share option award on the date of grant was estimated using the Black-Scholes method based on the following weighted-average assumptions: Risk-free interest rate Expected term Expected volatility Expected dividend yield Fiscal Year Ended December 31, 2023 January 1, 2023 — — — — 2.7 % 6.5 years 80.8 % 7.4 % The risk-free interest rate is based on the U.S. Treasury yield curve in effect at the time of grant for periods corresponding with the expected term of the option award; the expected term represents the weighted-average period of time that option awards granted are expected to be outstanding giving consideration to vesting schedules and historical participant exercise behavior; the expected volatility is based upon historical volatility of the Company’s common stock; and the expected dividend yield is based upon the Company’s dividend rate at the time fair value is measured and future expectations. As of December 31, 2023, there was $0.1 million of total unrecognized compensation expense related to nonvested share option awards granted. That expense is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of 0.5 years. Nonvested Share Awards and Nonvested Share Unit Awards Nonvested share awards granted by the Company vest for employees from the date of grant in four equal annual installments of 25% per year. Nonvested share awards and nonvested share unit awards granted by the Company to non-employee directors for their service as directors, as defined by ASC 718, vest 100% on the earlier of (a) the date of the Company’s next annual stockholders meeting following the grant date, or (b) the first anniversary of the grant date. F-25 BIG 5 SPORTING GOODS CORPORATION NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued) Nonvested share awards become outstanding when granted and are delivered to the recipient upon their vesting. Vested share unit awards, including any dividend reinvestments, are delivered to the recipient on the tenth business day of January following the year in which the recipient’s service to the Company is terminated, at which time the units convert to shares and become outstanding. Outstanding nonvested share awards and nonvested share unit awards accrue dividends at the same rate as dividends paid to the Company’s shareholders. Accrued dividends on nonvested share awards are paid upon vesting of the underlying shares and forfeited if a recipient’s service to the Company is terminated prior to vesting. Accrued dividends on nonvested share unit awards are reinvested into additional nonvested share unit awards, vest on the same schedule as the underlying share unit awards, and are settled at the same time as the underlying share unit awards. The total fair value of nonvested share awards which vested during fiscal 2023 and 2022 was $2.0 million and $3.3 million, respectively. No nonvested share unit awards vested during fiscal 2023 and 2022. On January 14, 2022, the Company delivered 124,012 shares from previously vested share unit awards, which included dividend reinvestments, to a Board member who retired in November 2021. The Company granted 327,112 and 284,630 nonvested share awards in fiscal 2023 and 2022, respectively, with a weighted-average grant- date fair value per share of $7.91 and $15.03 in fiscal 2023 and 2022, respectively. The following table details the Company’s nonvested share awards activity for the current fiscal year: Balance at January 1, 2023 Granted Vested Forfeited Balance at December 31, 2023 Weighted- Average Grant- Date Fair Value 11.64 7.91 9.65 10.48 10.56 Shares 587,675 $ 327,112 (250,055 ) (30,505 ) 634,227 $ To satisfy employee minimum statutory tax withholding requirements for nonvested share awards that vest, the Company withholds and retires a portion of the vesting common shares, unless an employee elects to pay cash. In fiscal 2023, the Company withheld 80,065 common shares with a total value of $0.6 million. This amount is presented as a cash outflow from financing activities in the Company’s consolidated statement of cash flows. As of December 31, 2023, dividends accrued but not paid related to nonvested share awards were $1.2 million. The Company granted no nonvested share unit awards in fiscal 2023 and 2022. As of December 31, 2023, there were 196,418 cumulative vested share unit awards remaining, of which 82,265 of these awards represented cumulative dividend reinvestments. These cumulative vested share unit awards are deliverable to the holders on the tenth business day of January following the year in which the holder’s service to the Company terminates, at which time the units convert to shares of the Company’s common stock and become outstanding. As of December 31, 2023, there was $4.6 million of total unrecognized compensation expense related to nonvested share awards, which is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of 2.1 years. There was no remaining unrecognized compensation expense related to nonvested share unit awards. (14) Subsequent Event In the first quarter of fiscal 2024, the Company’s Board of Directors declared a quarterly cash dividend of $0.05 per share of outstanding common stock, which will be paid on March 22, 2024 to stockholders of record as of March 8, 2024. In the first two months of fiscal 2024, the Company closed six stores, including four underperforming stores and one store that was previously damaged by severe rain, lowering the store count to 424 at the end of fiscal February 2024. F-26 BIG 5 SPORTING GOODS CORPORATION SCHEDULE II — VALUATION AND QUALIFYING ACCOUNTS (In thousands) Balance at Beginning of Period Charged to Costs and Expenses Deductions Balance at End of Period December 31, 2023 Allowance for doubtful receivables Allowance for sales returns Inventory reserves January 1, 2023 Allowance for doubtful receivables Allowance for sales returns Inventory reserves $ $ $ $ $ $ 44 2,324 5,464 62 2,528 5,547 $ $ $ $ $ $ (1) 48 (602 ) 4,034 (1) 61 (204 ) 3,836 $ $ $ $ $ $ (44 ) — (4,738 ) (79 ) — (3,919 ) $ $ $ $ $ $ 48 1,722 4,760 44 2,324 5,464 (1) Represents an increase (decrease) in the required reserve based upon the Company’s evaluation of anticipated merchandise returns. II Exhibit 19.1 BIG 5 SPORTING GOODS CORPORATION POLICY ON INSIDER TRADING AND UNAUTHORIZED DISCLOSURES and Guidelines with Respect to Certain Transactions in Company Securities (AMENDED AND RESTATED AS OF OCTOBER 26, 2023) The following information regarding our policy on insider trading and unauthorized disclosures of Inside Information may be summarized very simply: IT IS ILLEGAL to trade in the Company's securities if you are in possession of Inside Information. DO NOT trade on or pass to others Inside Information about the Company or those with whom the Company has business relationships. To do so could have grave consequences for you, for them and for the Company. General Policy Regarding Inside Information The Company's policy on Inside Information is simple: You may not trade in the Company's securities when you are in possession of Inside Information (subject to the very limited exceptions described below). You may not disclose Inside Information unless you are authorized to do so. Violation of this policy may subject you to criminal and civil liability and may constitute grounds for disciplinary action, including termination of your employment by the Company. Please note that, as used herein, the term "the Company" refers to Big 5 Sporting Goods Corporation and its direct and indirect subsidiaries. Applicability of Policy Our Policy on Insider Trading and Unauthorized Disclosures (the "Policy") applies: • • To you, as an employee, officer, member of the board of directors of, or consultant to, Big 5 Sporting Goods Corporation or its direct or indirect subsidiaries (the "Company"). In addition, your spouse or partner, minor children, other relatives residing in your home, trusts or other entities in which you or they have a beneficial interest, and trusts and other accounts over which you or they exercise control or investment influence (collectively, “Family”) also are restricted by this Policy. To all transactions in the Company's securities, including common stock, options for common stock and any other securities that the Company may issue from time to time, such as preferred stock, warrants and debentures, as well as to derivative securities relating to the Company's securities, whether or not issued by the Company, such as exchange-traded options. 10593495 |US-DOCS\145794423.4|| What is Inside Information? "Inside Information" is any information (either positive or negative) that a reasonable investor would consider important in deciding whether to buy or sell the Company's securities that has not been publicly disclosed by means of a press release or a Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC") filing. This information continues to be "Inside Information" until it has been so disclosed to the general public. For purposes of the restrictions set forth in this Policy, information will cease to be Inside Information at the commencement of trading on the Nasdaq Stock Market on the second trading day after its public release by the Company. While it is not possible to define all categories of Inside Information, any information relating to the affairs of the Company and its business, operations, assets or ownership that would reasonably be expected to result in a change in the market price or value of any of the Company's securities should be considered to be Inside Information. Although it may be difficult to determine whether particular information is Inside Information, various categories of information are particularly sensitive and, as a general rule, should always be considered Inside Information. Examples include information about and plans and proposals regarding: Financial results, including sales results • Projections of future revenues, earnings or losses • • Issues relating to the Company's accounting methods • News of a pending or proposed merger or other acquisition • News of a tender offer or exchange offer involving the Company • Significant joint ventures, alliances or strategic partnerships • News of the disposition of a subsidiary • • • • • • • New equity or debt offerings or other material financing transactions • • • • Major changes in senior management • Major labor disputes • Major disputes with material contractors or suppliers The gain or loss of a substantial supplier or contract Changes in dividend policy Significant new product announcements Significant product defects Significant pricing changes Stock splits, stock dividends or stock buy-backs Impending bankruptcy or financial liquidity problems Significant new or threatened litigation or developments in major litigation Significant actions by regulatory bodies The foregoing list is for illustration only and is not exhaustive. Other types of information may be considered Inside Information at particular times, depending upon the circumstances. Finally, remember that either positive or negative information may be Inside Information. 10593495 |US-DOCS\145794423.4|| - 2 - Criminal and Civil Liability Liability for Insider Trading. It is illegal to trade in the Company's securities while in possession of Inside Information. Under the federal securities laws, if you purchase or sell securities of the Company (including derivative securities) while in the possession of Inside Information: • You may be liable to other traders in the amount of profit you make or loss you avoid. • • The SEC can bring an action against you to recover civil penalties of up to three times the amount of profit you make or loss you avoid. If your transaction was willful, the SEC may bring an action against you for criminal penalties of up to twenty years' imprisonment and $5 million in fines. • A federal court may enjoin you (temporarily or permanently) from serving as an officer or director of any public company. Liability for Tipping. If you disclose Inside Information to another person (called a "tippee") who then purchases or sells securities of the Company or who in turn discloses such information to someone else who then purchases or sells the Company's securities, you may be liable for the same civil penalties as if you had engaged in the transaction directly. This is true whether or not you profit from the tippee's trading. The Size of Your Transaction Doesn't Matter. The size of the transaction or the amount of profit received by you or the tippee does not have to be large to result in prosecution. The SEC and other securities regulators have the ability to monitor even the smallest trades and find people violating these rules by engaging in routine market surveillance. Brokers and dealers who handle stock and option transactions for the Company or individuals are required by law to inform the SEC and other securities regulators of any possible violations by people who may have Inside Information. The SEC aggressively investigates even small insider trading violations. Your Reason for Trading Doesn’t Matter. Even if your prospective trade in the Company's securities is necessary or justifiable for an independent reason, such as a personal financial emergency or a broker's margin call, or (subject to the limited exceptions described below) even if the trade was planned well before you came into possession of the Inside Information, you still may not trade if you possess Inside Information, for these are not exceptions to the SEC's rules against trading on Inside Information. Risks to the Company Insider trading also poses significant risks to the Company. First, if you trade on Inside Information, the SEC can bring an action against the Company (and, potentially, individuals who may be deemed to control the Company) to recover civil penalties of up to the greater of $1 million or three times the amount of profit you make or loss you avoid. Second, disclosure of even small amounts of Inside Information could require the Company under federal securities laws to make complete disclosure regarding the matter in question 10593495 |US-DOCS\145794423.4|| - 3 - before it is otherwise obligated to do so (that is, if the story is disclosed selectively or only part of the story is disclosed to the general public, the Company may have a duty to publicly disclose the full story). Third, disclosure of any Inside Information could damage the Company's competitive position, jeopardize important strategic plans and threaten or eliminate opportunities such as acquisitions or financings. Specific Company Policies In an effort to safeguard the Company's Inside Information and to avoid violation of the federal securities laws, the Company requires you to observe the following policies: Do Not Trade on Inside Information. Do not buy or sell or make donations of securities of the Company while you are in possession of Inside Information or during any trading "blackout period" that applies to you (see below). You may not trade until the commencement of trading on the Nasdaq Stock Market on the second trading day after public release by the Company of any Inside Information you possess. Do Not Engage in Short Sales or Derivatives Transactions. Do not engage in any short sale of securities of the Company. Do not engage in any transaction involving puts, calls, "collars," warrants or other options on the Company's securities or any other derivative securities relating to the Company's securities (except for the exercise of options issued by the Company under employee benefit plans; note that there is no such exception for the sale of common stock acquired upon exercise of stock options—the Policy applies to all such sales). Under appropriate circumstances, the Company may by advance written consent permit limited exceptions to this derivative securities policy. Keep Inside Information Confidential. All nonpublic information relating to the Company, including Inside Information, is the property of the Company. Do not disclose any nonpublic information, including Inside Information, to any person who is not an employee of the Company except as and then only to the extent required in the performance of your regular corporate duties on behalf of the Company. Avoid unnecessary communications with other employees or consultants of the Company about Inside Information. Family and Friends. There is no exception to the confidentiality of the Company's nonpublic information for family members or friends. Do not disclose Inside Information to family members or friends. Do not permit any member of your Family (defined above) or anyone acting on your behalf to buy or sell securities of the Company while you are in possession of Inside Information. Don't "Tip" or Tout the Company's Stock. Do not "tip" anyone. Do not recommend to anyone else that he or she buy or sell securities of the Company when you are in possession of Inside Information. In addition, the Company advises you not to recommend trading in the Company's securities to anyone else, even if you believe that you do not know any Inside Information. Remember that "tipping" Inside Information is always prohibited and that your recommendation could be attributed to the Company and may be misleading if you do not have all relevant information. Your recommendation will be 10593495 |US-DOCS\145794423.4|| - 4 - reviewed with 20/20 hindsight. You should not pass on analysts' comments or recommendations. Analysts, Media and Investors. If you receive inquiries about the Company from securities analysts, reporters, potential investors or others, you must decline comment and direct them to the Company's designated spokespersons. Only the Company's Chief Executive Officer, Chief Financial Officer and any employees that either of them specifically designate are authorized to disclose Inside Information on behalf of the Company to, or otherwise communicate about the Company with, analysts, the media or investors. Be Careful with Inside Information. Do not discuss Inside Information where it may be overheard, such as in restaurants, elevators, restrooms, and other public places. Remember that cellular phone conversations may be monitored and voice mail, e-mail and text messages may be retrieved by persons other than their intended recipients. Keep all memoranda, correspondence and other documents that reflect Inside Information in a secure place, such as a locked office or a locked file cabinet. Unless otherwise advised, follow the Company's normal policies with respect to whether to retain the information and if so for how long. Trading Guidelines Blackout Periods/Trading Windows. Because current financial information about the Company is so important to the trading public, the Company imposes certain "blackout" periods (“Blackout Periods”) during which officers, directors and specified employees as well as members of their Families (collectively, the “Covered Persons”) may not engage in any trading of the Company’s securities. Other employees or consultants in sensitive positions may also be subject to these restrictions. You will be notified if you are a Covered Person subject to Blackout Periods. Subject to certain limited exceptions outlined below, Blackout Periods apply to all transactions in the Company's securities, including common stock, options for common stock and any other securities that the Company may issue from time to time, such as preferred stock, warrants and convertible debentures, as well as to derivative securities relating to the Company's securities, whether or not issued by the Company, such as exchange-traded options. The period beginning with the third month of each fiscal quarter and ending on the second trading day following the date of public disclosure of the financial results for that quarter is a particularly sensitive period of time for transactions in the Company's securities from the perspective of compliance with applicable securities laws. This sensitivity is due to the fact that officers, directors and certain other employees will, during that period, often possess Inside Information about the expected financial results for the quarter. Accordingly, to ensure compliance with the Policy and applicable federal and state securities laws, the Company requires that all Covered Persons refrain from conducting transactions involving the purchase, sale, donation or other transfer of the Company's securities (other than a distribution or transfer of shares that does not constitute a change in 10593495 |US-DOCS\145794423.4|| - 5 - beneficial ownership of such shares) other than during the period (the "Trading Window") commencing (i) in the first quarter of each fiscal year, at the opening of trading on The Nasdaq Stock Market on the second trading day following the date of public disclosure of the financial results for the preceding year and continuing until the close of business two weeks thereafter and (ii) in the second, third and fourth quarters of each fiscal year, at the opening of trading on The Nasdaq Stock Market on the second trading day following the date of public disclosure of the financial results for the preceding fiscal quarter and continuing until the close of business on the last day of the second month of the fiscal quarter. No trading (other than pursuant to an approved 10b5-1 trading plan) should ever occur during the Blackout Period. From time to time, the Company may also require that certain persons suspend trading because of developments known to the Company and not yet disclosed to the public. In such event, such persons should not engage in any transaction involving the purchase or sale of the Company's securities during such period and should not disclose to others the fact of such suspension of trading. Be aware, however, that even during the Trading Window, if you possess Inside Information concerning the Company you should not engage in any transactions in the Company's securities until such information has been known publicly for at least one full trading day or such information is no longer material, whether or not the Company has recommended a suspension of trading to you. Trading in the Company's securities during the Trading Window should not be considered a "safe harbor," and all Covered Persons should use good judgment at all times in conducting transactions in the Company's securities. Individual Responsibility. You have the individual responsibility to comply with this Policy against insider trading, even if the Company has not imposed a Blackout Period on you or anyone else. The guidelines set forth in this Policy are guidelines only. You should exercise appropriate judgment in connection with any trade in the Company's securities. Be aware that (subject to the limited exceptions described below) you may, from time to time, have to forego a proposed transaction in the Company's securities even if you planned to make the transaction before learning of Inside Information and even though you believe you may suffer an economic loss or forego anticipated profit by waiting. Post-Termination Restrictions. Please note that if your employment with or service as a Covered Person of the Company ceases for any reason, you will continue to be subject to any applicable Trading Window or Blackout Period for a 90-day period after you leave the Company. After the 90-day period has expired, you will no longer be subject to the Trading Windows or Blackout Periods. However, even if you are not subject to any Trading Window or Blackout Period, you cannot trade in the Company’s securities following termination of your service to the Company if you are in possession of Inside Information. Confidential Information of Other Companies In addition to Inside Information about the Company, you may become aware of similar confidential information about other companies, such as suppliers, customers, or competitors, whose securities are publicly traded. In such a situation, you must handle the 10593495 |US-DOCS\145794423.4|| - 6 - confidential information of the other company according to the same rules that apply to the Company's Inside Information. You can be liable for trading on the basis of material non-public information in any publicly-traded company's securities. In addition, disclosure or improper use of any confidential information of another company may violate the terms of a non- disclosure or confidentiality agreement entered into by the Company and/or jeopardize the Company's business relationships. Online Exchanges of Information Regarding the Company In addition to the Company's policies regarding Inside Information, you are prohibited from disclosing Inside Information regarding the Company or its financial condition, results of operation, stock price, technology or other information by any means of communication, including any disclosure through online chat rooms, message boards, social media such as Facebook, Twitter or comparable media. The Company has adopted this policy in order to avoid the possibility that statements made by its directors, officers or employees in these media could be attributed to the Company. No Comment Policy Regarding Rumors The Company has implemented a "no comment" policy with respect to market rumors about the Company. Accordingly, the Company will always respond to market rumors by issuing a statement to the effect that "it is our policy not to comment on market rumors or speculation". You should be aware that any failure to provide consistent responses to market rumors could constitute tipping. As mentioned above, only the Company’s Chief Executive Officer, Chief Financial Officer and any employees that either of them specifically designate are authorized to disclose Inside Information on behalf of the Company to, or otherwise communicate about the Company with, analysts, the media or investors. Certain Limited Exceptions Company Stock Options and Employee Stock Purchase Plans. You may exercise options granted by the Company or purchase shares pursuant to any employee stock purchase plan the Company may establish regardless of whether you are in possession of Inside Information or whether the Company has established a Blackout Period. However, and very importantly, the sale or transfer of any shares of the Company's common stock that you receive upon exercise of your Company stock options or that you purchase pursuant to any employee stock purchase plan is not subject to this limited exception. Withholding of Taxes for Restricted Stock and Restricted Stock Units. The Company may withhold shares otherwise issuable to you upon the vesting of restricted stock or restricted stock units in order to satisfy your income tax withholding obligations regardless of whether you are in possession of Inside Information or whether the Company has established a Blackout Period, as long as either such withholding is automatic, or, if you have the ability to elect to choose between satisfying such obligations in cash or withheld stock, you do not make or change any such election during a Blackout Period or while in possession of Inside Information. However, and very importantly, the sale or transfer of 10593495 |US-DOCS\145794423.4|| - 7 - any shares of the Company's common stock that you receive in respect of restricted stock or restricted stock unit awards is not subject to this limited exception. Dividend Reinvestment Plan. You may acquire shares through the regular reinvestment of dividends under a dividend reinvestment program sponsored by the Company or its transfer agent regardless of whether you are in possession of Inside Information or whether the Company has established a Blackout Period. However, an election to begin, increase or terminate participation in such a plan may not be made during a Blackout Period or while in possession of Inside Information. In addition, shares acquired through a dividend reinvestment plan may not be sold during a Blackout Period or while in possession of Inside Information. Certain Pre-Planned Trades. Notwithstanding your possession of Inside Information or the existence of a Blackout Period, you may trade in the Company's securities in accordance with a Rule 10b5-1 trading plan you adopt that complies with the affirmative defense requirements set forth in Rule 10b5-1(c) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, subject to the following important conditions. First, your Rule 10b5-1 trading plan (or any proposed modifications to your Rule 10b5-1 trading plan) must be submitted to and preapproved by the Company's General Counsel or his or her designee prior to its adoption. Second, your Rule 10b5-1 trading plan may only be adopted or modified if it has been entered into in good faith at a time when you were not in possession of Inside Information about the Company and not otherwise in a Blackout Period, and you have acted in good faith with respect to the Rule 10b5-1 trading plan. Third, you may not have multiple overlapping Rule 10b5-1 trading plans except under the limited circumstances permitted by Rule 10b5-1 and subject to preapproval by Company's General Counsel or his or her designee. Fourth, you may not trade in the Company’s securities pursuant to your Rule 10b5-1 trading plan during any “cooling-off” period required by the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and in no event within (a) 30 days after adoption or modification of your Rule 10b5-1 trading plan if you are not a Section 16 Reporting Person (defined in the below section), and (b) the later of 90 days after adoption or modification of your Rule 10b5-1 trading plan or two business days after filing the Form 10-K or Form 10-Q disclosing financial results covering the fiscal quarter in which your Rule 10b5-1 trading plan was adopted, up to a maximum of 120 days. Fifth, if you are a Section 16 Reporting Person, then your Rule 10b5-1 trading plan shall include a representation certifying that at the time of the adoption of a new or modified Rule 10b5-1 trading plan: (1) you are not aware of material nonpublic information about the Company or its securities; and (2) you are adopting the Rule 10b5- 1 trading plan in good faith and not as part of a plan or scheme to evade the prohibitions of Rule 10b-5. Please understand that the foregoing conditions are in addition to any other requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and that neither the Company nor the Company's General Counsel nor any other director, officer, employee or representative of the Company is making or will make any representation or warranty as to whether a Rule 10b5-1 trading plan you adopt complies with the requirements of Rule 10b5-1 or any other applicable securities laws. Compliance with those requirements is solely your responsibility. Additionally, it is your responsibility to pre-clear with the Company's General Counsel or his or her designee, and report to the Company upon your entering into or modifying, a Rule 10b5-1 trading plan so that the Company may comply with the Company’s public disclosure obligations in its annual and quarterly filings. 10593495 |US-DOCS\145794423.4|| - 8 - Directors and Executive Officers Subject to Section 16 Persons Subject to Section 16. Directors and executive officers1 of the Company, as well as their family members and related entities (e.g., trusts and partnerships) (collectively, "Section 16 Reporting Persons"), must comply with the reporting obligations and limitations on short-swing transactions set forth in Section 16 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. The practical effect of these provisions is that Section 16 Reporting Persons who purchase and sell the Company's securities within a six-month period must disgorge all profits to the Company, whether or not they had knowledge of any Inside Information. Moreover, no executive officer or director may ever make a short sale of the Company's stock, or an equivalent transaction, such as selling put options. Covered Transactions. In general, Section 16 Reporting Persons must file a report within two business days of a change in ownership of the Company's securities. This includes not only open-market purchases and sales of Company stock, but also transactions with the Company (e.g., stock option issuances). The two-business day filing requirement also applies to purchases or sales of Company stock pursuant to any Rule 10b5-1 trading plan set up with a broker. (Remember that all Rule 10b5-1 trading plans and modifications thereto must be pre-cleared with the Company's General Counsel or his or her designee.) If you are unavailable to execute a Form 4 when necessary to permit a timely filing, we will, at your request, prepare, file and execute the form on your behalf using a power of attorney. (Please contact the Company's General Counsel if you have not yet executed a power of attorney for Section 16 reports and wish to do so.) Remember, however, that you are personally responsible for the timely filing of all required Section 16 reports. Prior Clearance of Trades. All Section 16 Reporting Persons must pre-clear any transaction involving the Company's securities (including exercises of stock options, gifts, loans, contributions to a trust or any other transfers), even outside of a Blackout Period, with the Company's General Counsel or his or her designee. A request for pre-clearance should be submitted to the General Counsel or his or her designee at least two business days in advance of the proposed transaction. Neither the General Counsel nor his or her designee is under any obligation to approve a transaction submitted for pre-clearance and may determine not to permit the trade. Transactions effected pursuant to a 10b5-1 trading plan that has been approved by the Company’s General Counsel or his or her designee do not require further pre-clearance at the time of the transaction if the approved Rule 10b5-1 trading plan (a) specifies the dates, prices and amounts of the contemplated trades, (b) establishes a formula for determining the dates, prices and amounts, or (c) prohibits you from exercising any subsequent influence over the transactions. However, any such transactions (i) must comply with any “cooling-off” period required by the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, (ii) must be reported immediately to the General Counsel or his or her designee, and (iii) are subject to _________________________________ 1 For purposes of Section 16, an executive officer includes the Company's president, principal financial officer, principal accounting officer, any vice-president in charge of a principal business unit, division or function (such as sales, administration or finance) and any other officer who performs a policy making function for the Company. 10593495 |US-DOCS\145794423.4|| - 9 - the two-business day Section 16 reporting requirement. If the Rule 10b5-1 trading plan specifies in advance the dates on which trades will be executed (e.g., on the 15th day of each month), then a Form 4 reporting each trade must be filed with the SEC within two business days after the date of execution. If you do not select in advance the date of execution of the transaction, for purposes of determining the start of the two-business day period, the SEC deems the trade date to be the date your broker or dealer notifies you the transaction has been executed; however, the Form 4 must be filed no later than five business days after the actual date the trade is executed. Sanctions. The Company must report any late or delinquent Section 16 filings in its proxy statement, with the name of the late filer. The SEC also has broad authority to impose other sanctions as appropriate. Therefore, your compliance with these procedures is imperative. * * * Please remember that violation of any of the laws prohibiting insider trading can result in both civil and criminal penalties as well as great embarrassment to you and the Company. It is the Company's policy to cooperate fully with the SEC and other governmental and regulatory authorities in investigating possible violations by employees and others of applicable laws and regulations. If appropriate, the Company will assist authorities in the prosecution of persons who engage in illegal conduct. Please contact the Company's General Counsel if you have any questions about this Policy or its application to any specific set of facts. YOUR OBSERVANCE OF THE FOREGOING POLICY IS EXTREMELY IMPORTANT. VIOLATION OF ANY PORTION OF THIS POLICY IS A VERY SERIOUS MATTER AND MAY CONSTITUTE GROUNDS FOR DISCIPLINARY ACTION OR TERMINATION OF YOUR EMPLOYMENT BY THE COMPANY. 10593495 |US-DOCS\145794423.4|| - 10 -  Exhibit 23.1 CONSENT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM We consent to the incorporation by reference in Registration Statement Nos. 333-149730, 333-179602, 333-215545, 333-234317, and 333- 268129 on Form S-8 of our reports dated February 28, 2024, relating to the financial statements of Big 5 Sporting Goods Corporation and the effectiveness of Big 5 Sporting Goods Corporation's internal control over financial reporting appearing in this Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023. /s/ Deloitte & Touche LLP Los Angeles, California February 28, 2024 CERTIFICATIONS Exhibit 31.1 I, Steven G. Miller, certify that: 1. I have reviewed this Annual Report on Form 10-K of Big 5 Sporting Goods Corporation; 2. Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report; 3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report; 4. The registrant's other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have: a) Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared; b) Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles; c) Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant's disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and d) Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and 5. The registrant's other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant's auditors and the audit committee of the registrant's board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions): a) All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and b) Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant's internal control over financial reporting. Date: February 28, 2024 /s/ Steven G. Miller Steven G. Miller President and Chief Executive Officer CERTIFICATIONS Exhibit 31.2 I, Barry D. Emerson, certify that: 1. I have reviewed this Annual Report on Form 10-K of Big 5 Sporting Goods Corporation; 2. Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report; 3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report; 4. The registrant's other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have: a) Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared; b) Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles; c) Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant's disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and d) Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and 5. The registrant's other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant's auditors and the audit committee of the registrant's board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions): a) All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and b) Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant's internal control over financial reporting. Date: February 28, 2024 /s/ Barry D. Emerson Barry D. Emerson Executive Vice President, Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO 18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350, AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002 Exhibit 32.1 In connection with the Annual Report on Form 10-K of Big 5 Sporting Goods Corporation (the “Company”) for the period ending December 31, 2023 as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the “Report”), I, Steven G. Miller, President and Chief Executive Officer of the Company, certify, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. § 1350, as adopted pursuant to § 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that, to my knowledge: (1) (2) The Report fully complies with the requirements of section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended; and The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company. /s/ Steven G. Miller Steven G. Miller President and Chief Executive Officer February 28, 2024 A signed original of this written statement required by Section 906 has been provided to Big 5 Sporting Goods Corporation and will be retained by Big 5 Sporting Goods Corporation and furnished to the Securities and Exchange Commission or its staff upon request. CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO 18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350, AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002 Exhibit 32.2 In connection with the Annual Report on Form 10-K of Big 5 Sporting Goods Corporation (the “Company”) for the period ending December 31, 2023 as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the “Report”), I, Barry D. Emerson, Executive Vice President, Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer of the Company, certify, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. § 1350, as adopted pursuant to § 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that, to my knowledge: (1) (2) The Report fully complies with the requirements of section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended; and The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company. /s/ Barry D. Emerson Barry D. Emerson Executive Vice President, Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer February 28, 2024 A signed original of this written statement required by Section 906 has been provided to Big 5 Sporting Goods Corporation and will be retained by Big 5 Sporting Goods Corporation and furnished to the Securities and Exchange Commission or its staff upon request. Exhibit 97.1 BIG 5 SPORTING GOODS CORPORATION POLICY FOR RECOVERY OF ERRONEOUSLY AWARDED COMPENSATION Big 5 Sporting Goods Corporation, a Delaware corporation (the “Company”) has adopted this Policy for Recovery of Erroneously Awarded Compensation (the “Policy”), effective as of October 2, 2023 (the “Effective Date”). Capitalized terms used in this Policy but not otherwise defined herein are defined in Section 11. 1. Persons Subject to Policy This Policy shall apply to current and former Officers of the Company. 2. Compensation Subject to Policy This Policy shall apply to Incentive-Based Compensation received on or after the Effective Date. For purposes of this Policy, the date on which Incentive-Based Compensation is “received” shall be determined under the Applicable Rules, which generally provide that Incentive-Based Compensation is “received” in the Company’s fiscal period during which the relevant Financial Reporting Measure is attained or satisfied, without regard to whether the grant, vesting or payment of the Incentive- Based Compensation occurs after the end of that period. 3. Recovery of Compensation In the event that the Company is required to prepare a Restatement, the Company shall recover, reasonably promptly, the portion of any Incentive-Based Compensation that is Erroneously Awarded Compensation, unless the Committee has determined that recovery would be Impracticable. Recovery shall be required in accordance with the preceding sentence regardless of whether the applicable Officer engaged in misconduct or otherwise caused or contributed to the requirement for the Restatement and regardless of whether or when restated financial statements are filed by the Company. For clarity, the recovery of Erroneously Awarded Compensation under this Policy will not give rise to any person’s right to voluntarily terminate employment for “good reason,” or due to a “constructive termination” (or any similar term of like effect) under any plan, program or policy of or agreement with the Company or any of its affiliates. 4. Manner of Recovery; Limitation on Duplicative Recovery The Committee shall, in its sole discretion, determine the manner of recovery of any Erroneously Awarded Compensation, which may include, without limitation, reduction or cancellation by the Company or an affiliate of the Company of Incentive-Based Compensation or Erroneously Awarded Compensation, reimbursement or repayment by any person subject to this Policy of the Erroneously Awarded Compensation, and, to the extent permitted by law, an offset of the Erroneously Awarded Compensation against other compensation payable by the Company or an affiliate of the Company to such person. Notwithstanding the foregoing, unless otherwise |US-DOCS\137849666.19|| 1 prohibited by the Applicable Rules, to the extent this Policy provides for recovery of Erroneously Awarded Compensation already recovered by the Company pursuant to Section 304 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 or Other Recovery Arrangements, the amount of Erroneously Awarded Compensation already recovered by the Company from the recipient of such Erroneously Awarded Compensation may be credited to the amount of Erroneously Awarded Compensation required to be recovered pursuant to this Policy from such person. 5. Administration This Policy shall be administered, interpreted and construed by the Committee, which is authorized to make all determinations necessary, appropriate or advisable for such purpose. The Board of Directors of the Company (the “Board”) may re-vest in itself the authority to administer, interpret and construe this Policy in accordance with applicable law, and in such event references herein to the “Committee” shall be deemed to be references to the Board. Subject to any permitted review by the applicable national securities exchange or association pursuant to the Applicable Rules, all determinations and decisions made by the Committee pursuant to the provisions of this Policy shall be final, conclusive and binding on all persons, including the Company and its affiliates, equityholders and employees. The Committee may delegate administrative duties with respect to this Policy to one or more directors or employees of the Company, as permitted under applicable law, including any Applicable Rules. 6. Interpretation This Policy will be interpreted and applied in a manner that is consistent with the requirements of the Applicable Rules, and to the extent this Policy is inconsistent with such Applicable Rules, it shall be deemed amended to the minimum extent necessary to ensure compliance therewith. 7. No Indemnification; No Liability The Company shall not indemnify or insure any person against the loss of any Erroneously Awarded Compensation pursuant to this Policy, nor shall the Company directly or indirectly pay or reimburse any person for any premiums for third-party insurance policies that such person may elect to purchase to fund such person’s potential obligations under this Policy. None of the Company, an affiliate of the Company or any member of the Committee or the Board shall have any liability to any person as a result of actions taken under this Policy. 8. Application; Enforceability Except as otherwise determined by the Committee or the Board, the adoption of this Policy does not limit, and is intended to apply in addition to, any other clawback, recoupment, forfeiture or similar policies or provisions of the Company or its affiliates, including any such policies or provisions of such effect contained in any employment agreement, bonus plan, incentive plan, equity-based plan or award agreement thereunder or similar plan, program or agreement of the |US-DOCS\137849666.19|| 2 Company or an affiliate or required under applicable law (the “Other Recovery Arrangements”). The remedy specified in this Policy shall not be exclusive and shall be in addition to every other right or remedy at law or in equity that may be available to the Company or an affiliate of the Company. 9. Severability The provisions in this Policy are intended to be applied to the fullest extent of the law; provided, however, to the extent that any provision of this Policy is found to be unenforceable or invalid under any applicable law, such provision will be applied to the maximum extent permitted, and shall automatically be deemed amended in a manner consistent with its objectives to the extent necessary to conform to any limitations required under applicable law. 10. Amendment and Termination The Board or the Committee may amend, modify or terminate this Policy in whole or in part at any time and from time to time in its sole discretion. This Policy will terminate automatically when the Company does not have a class of securities listed on a national securities exchange or association. 11. Definitions “Applicable Rules” means Section 10D of the Exchange Act, Rule 10D-1 promulgated thereunder, the listing rules of the national securities exchange or association on which the Company’s securities are listed, and any applicable rules, standards or other guidance adopted by the Securities and Exchange Commission or any national securities exchange or association on which the Company’s securities are listed. “Committee” means the committee of the Board responsible for executive compensation decisions comprised solely of independent directors (as determined under the Applicable Rules), or in the absence of such a committee, a majority of the independent directors serving on the Board. “Erroneously Awarded Compensation” means the amount of Incentive-Based Compensation received by a current or former Officer that exceeds the amount of Incentive-Based Compensation that would have been received by such current or former Officer based on a restated Financial Reporting Measure, as determined on a pre-tax basis in accordance with the Applicable Rules. “Exchange Act” means the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. “Financial Reporting Measure” means any measure determined and presented in accordance with the accounting principles used in preparing the Company’s financial statements, and any measures derived wholly or in part from such measures, including GAAP, IFRS and non-GAAP/IFRS financial measures, as well as stock or share price and total equityholder return. |US-DOCS\137849666.19|| 3 “GAAP” means United States generally accepted accounting principles. “IFRS” means international financial reporting standards as adopted by the International Accounting Standards Board. “Impracticable” means (a) the direct costs paid to third parties to assist in enforcing recovery would exceed the Erroneously Awarded Compensation; provided that the Company (i) has made reasonable attempts to recover the Erroneously Awarded Compensation, (ii) documented such attempt(s), and (iii) provided such documentation to the relevant listing exchange or association, (b) to the extent permitted by the Applicable Rules, the recovery would violate the Company’s home country laws pursuant to an opinion of home country counsel; provided that the Company has (i) obtained an opinion of home country counsel, acceptable to the relevant listing exchange or association, that recovery would result in such violation, and (ii) provided such opinion to the relevant listing exchange or association, or (c) recovery would likely cause an otherwise tax-qualified retirement plan, under which benefits are broadly available to employees of the Company, to fail to meet the requirements of 26 U.S.C. 401(a)(13) or 26 U.S.C. 411(a) and the regulations thereunder. “Incentive-Based Compensation” means, with respect to a Restatement, any compensation that is granted, earned, or vested based wholly or in part upon the attainment of one or more Financial Reporting Measures and received by a person: (a) after beginning service as an Officer; (b) who served as an Officer at any time during the performance period for that compensation; (c) while the issuer has a class of its securities listed on a national securities exchange or association; and (d) during the applicable Three-Year Period. “Officer” means each person who serves as an executive officer of the Company, as defined in Rule 10D‑1(d) under the Exchange Act. “Restatement” means an accounting restatement to correct the Company’s material noncompliance with any financial reporting requirement under securities laws, including restatements that correct an error in previously issued financial statements (a) that is material to the previously issued financial statements or (b) that would result in a material misstatement if the error were corrected in the current period or left uncorrected in the current period. “Three-Year Period” means, with respect to a Restatement, the three completed fiscal years immediately preceding the date that the Board, a committee of the Board, or the officer or officers of the Company authorized to take such action if Board action is not required, concludes, or reasonably should have concluded, that the Company is required to prepare such Restatement, or, if earlier, the date on which a court, regulator or other legally authorized body directs the Company to prepare such Restatement. The “Three-Year Period” also includes any transition period (that results from a change in the Company’s fiscal year) within or immediately following the three completed fiscal years identified in the preceding sentence. However, a transition period between the last day of the Company’s previous fiscal year end and the first day of its new fiscal year that comprises a period of nine to 12 months shall be deemed a completed fiscal year. |US-DOCS\137849666.19|| 4 

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