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Bird Construction

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FY2018 Annual Report · Bird Construction
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ANNUAL REPORT
2018

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EIGHTY-EIGHTH 

ANNUAL REPORT 

for the year ended 
December 31, 2018 

CORPORATE OFFICE 

5700 Explorer Drive, Suite 400 
Mississauga, ON  L4W 0C6  Canada 

DIRECTORS 

OFFICERS 

J. Richard Bird, Ph.D., MBA (1)(2) ................................................. Calgary 
Ian J. Boyd, P.Eng. ............................................................. Oakville 
Karyn A. Brooks FCPA, FCA (1)(2) ................................................. Calgary 
Paul A. Charette (Chair) (1)(2) .................................................. Oakville 
D. Greg Doyle, FCPA, FCA (1)(2) .................................................. Victoria 
Bonnie D. DuPont, BSW, MEd (1)(2) ............................................... Calgary 
Luc J. Messier, P.Eng. (1)(2) ................................................. Texas, USA 
Ron D. Munkley, BSc, Hon (Eng) (1)(2) ........................................ Mississauga 
Paul R. Raboud, P.Eng., MSc, MBA ............................................. Toronto 
Arni C. Thorsteinson, CFA (1)(2) ............................................... Winnipeg 
(1) 
(2) 

Audit Committee Member 
Human Resources, Safety and Governance Committee Member 

Ian J. Boyd, P.Eng. ................................................... President & CEO 
Teri L. McKibbon ...........................................Chief Operating Officer 
Wayne R. Gingrich CPA, CMA ................. Chief Financial Officer & Treasurer 
Charles J. Caza, BA, Sc.Eng., LL.B .................... General Counsel & Secretary 
Gilles G. Royer, P.Eng. ...................... Executive Vice President - Industrial 
Paul Bergman, CET ....................... Executive Vice President - Commercial 
Nicole Washington-Lee, MBA, LL.B, CFA .... Senior Counsel & Assistant Secretary 

AUDITORS 

KPMG LLP 

BANK 

SURETY 

Bank of Montreal 

Travelers Guarantee Company of Canada 

STOCK EXCHANGE LISTING 

Toronto Stock Exchange (Symbol “BDT”) 

TRANSFER AGENT AND REGISTRAR 

Computershare Investor Services 

WEBSITE 

www.bird.ca  

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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Management’s Discussion and Analysis  

The following Management’s Discussion and Analysis (“MD&A”) of Bird Construction Inc.’s (“the Company” or 
“Bird”) financial condition and results of operations should be read in conjunction with the December 31, 2018 
consolidated  financial  statements  of  Bird  Construction  Inc.  This  discussion  contains  forward-looking 
information, which are subject to a variety of factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from 
those contemplated by this information. See “Forward-Looking Information”. Some of the factors that could 
cause  results  or  events  to  differ  from  current  expectations  include,  but  are  not  limited  to,  the  factors 
described under “Risks Relating to the Business” included in the Company’s most current Annual Information 
Form dated March 12, 2019. This MD&A has been prepared as of March 12, 2019. Additional information about 
the  Company  is  available  through  the  System  for  Electronic  Document  Analysis  and  Retrieval  (SEDAR)  at 
www.sedar.com and includes the Company’s Annual Information Form and other filings.  

TABLE OF CONTENTS 

TABLE OF CONTENTS ............................................................................................ 1 
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ........................................................................................... 2 
2018 HIGHLIGHTS ................................................................................................ 2 
NATURE OF THE BUSINESS ...................................................................................... 4 
STRATEGY ........................................................................................................ 5 
BUILD THE BUSINESS ............................................................................................ 5 
BUILD THE TEAM ................................................................................................. 7 
BUILD RELATIONSHIPS .......................................................................................... 8 
KEY PERFORMANCE DRIVERS ................................................................................... 8 
RESULTS OF OPERATIONS .................................................................................... 11 
FUTURE OPERATING PERFORMANCE ........................................................................ 13 
ACCOUNTING POLICIES ....................................................................................... 14 
SUMMARY OF QUARTERLY RESULTS ......................................................................... 15 
FINANCIAL CONDITION, CAPITAL RESOURCES AND LIQUIDITY ........................................... 16 
DIVIDENDS ...................................................................................................... 20 
CAPABILITY TO DELIVER RESULTS ........................................................................... 20 
CONTRACTUAL OBLIGATIONS ................................................................................ 21 
OFF BALANCE SHEET ARRANGEMENTS ...................................................................... 21 
CRITICAL ACCOUNTING ESTIMATES ......................................................................... 21 
OUTSTANDING COMMON SHARE DATA AND STOCK EXCHANGE LISTING ................................ 22 
CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES ................................................................................ 22 
RISKS RELATING TO THE BUSINESS .......................................................................... 23 
TERMINOLOGY ................................................................................................. 26 
FORWARD-LOOKING INFORMATION.......................................................................... 27 

Page 1 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Management’s Discussion and Analysis 

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY  

(in thousands of Canadian dollars, except per share amounts)

2018

2017
 (restated)(1)

2016

Income Statement Data
Revenue
Net income (loss)
Basic and diluted earnings (loss) per share

Adjusted Net Income (2)
Adjusted Net Income (Loss)
Adjusted Net Income (Loss) per share

Cash Flow Data
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash 
equivalents during the period
Cash flows from (used in) operations
Addtions to property and equipment (3)
Cash dividends paid
Cash dividends declared per share

Balance Sheet Data
Total assets
Working capital
Loans and borrowings (current and non-current)
Shareholders' equity

$

$

1,381,784
(1,013)
(0.02)

$

1,418,557
8,836
0.21

1,589,868
25,002
0.59

(1,013)
(0.02)

8,836
0.21

27,741
0.65

24,606
101,441

14,613
16,582
0.39

(127,615)
(91,121)

14,572
17,891
0.39

43,143
43,682

5,602
32,297
0.76

December 31, 
2018

 December 31, 
2017
 (restated)(1)

January 1, 
2017
 (restated)(1)

652,021
70,215
29,957
136,229

706,732
84,078
18,598
153,816

803,857
115,272
11,388
161,543

(1) 2017 reported figures have been restated applying IFRS 15. See "Accounting Policies - New Accounting Standards Adopted"
(2) Adjusted Net Income is a non-GAAP measure and does not have standardized meaning. See "Non-GAAP Measures"
(3) includes computer software purchases classified as intangible assets

2018 HIGHLIGHTS 

(cid:120) 

(cid:120) 

During  the  fourth  quarter  of  2018,  the  Company  recorded  net  income  of  $6.4  million  on  construction 
revenue of $385.9 million, compared with net income of $2.0 million on $365.6 million of construction 
revenue respectively in 2017. The year-over-year increase in fourth quarter net income is reflective of the 
increase in revenue and earnings attributable to higher margin self-perform industrial work programs in 
the fourth quarter of 2018 as well as a reduction in pursuit costs and a foreign exchange translation gain 
on U.S. cash and equivalents held.    

In  2018,  the  Company  recorded  a  net  loss  of  $1.0  million  on  construction  revenue  of  $1,381.8  million 
compared  with  net  income  of  $8.8  million  on  $1,418.6  million  of  construction  revenue  in  2017.    The 
decrease  in  net  income  year-over-year  is  attributable  to  a  confluence  of  events  that  the  Company 
experienced in 2018.  Industrial operations, including mining in eastern Canada, were negatively impacted 
by project delays, including a labour strike at one of the Company’s primary mining clients, in the first half 
of 2018.  Industrial project activity ramped up through the second half of the  year as delays eased and 
alternative  work  programs  became  available,  although  later  than  initially  anticipated.    One  of  the 
Company’s offices experienced execution issues on several projects that were largely design related and 
for which the Company has recorded provisions to account for the increase in costs, taken steps to mitigate 

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Management’s Discussion and Analysis 

further impacts and is seeking recovery accordingly. In the first  quarter of 2018, the Company incurred 
additional  costs,  including  financing  costs  from  lenders,  on  a  PPP  project  that  was  late  in  achieving 
substantial completion.  

(cid:120) 

In 2018, the Company secured $1,491.7 million of new contract awards and change orders and executed 
$1,381.8  million  of  construction  revenues.  The  new  contract  awards  through  the  year  contributed  to  a 
Backlog of $1,295.9 million for the Company at December 31, 2018, an increase of $109.9 million, or 9.3% 
from the $1,186.0 million of Backlog recorded at December 31, 2017.  Key new contract awards in 2018 
that demonstrate the Company’s success in diversifying its work program include: 

o 

o 

o 

o 

In  the  fourth  quarter,  the  contract  for  the  engineering,  procurement  and  construction  of  LNG 
Canada’s Cedar Valley Lodge project (the “Cedar Valley Lodge”) was novated to LNG Canada’s EPC 
contractor (“EPC Contractor”) and the EPC Contractor has issued a notice to proceed. Cedar Valley 
Lodge will house workers for the construction of LNG Canada’s export terminal project in Kitimat, 
B.C. Design and engineering of the Cedar Valley Lodge along with plans for construction execution 
are ongoing, with construction commencing in spring 2019. 

In  the  third  quarter,  the  Company  executed  a  contract  for  the  Ontario  Provincial  Police  (OPP) 
Modernization  Phase  2  project  to  design,  build  and  finance  OPP  detachments  in  nine  Ontario 
communities. Bird will undertake the design and construction of the detachments and will also own 
the concession responsible for financing the project through Bird Capital. In 2012, the Company 
successfully completed Phase 1 of the modernization program. 

In  the  first  quarter,  the  Company  announced  that  it  has  a  50%  interest  in  a  construction  joint 
venture that is part of the Hartland Resource Management Group consortium that will design and 
build the residuals treatment facility for the Capital Regional District (“CRD”) in Victoria, BC. The 
Company also has taken a minority equity interest in the concession responsible for the design, 
construction, financing, operations and maintenance of the project through Bird Capital.   

In  2018,  the  Company  had  other  strategic  awards  that  were  contracted  including  a  hotel  and 
conference centre in Iqaluit, Nunavut for the Qikiqtaaluk Corporation. The project will use Stack 
Modular to supply modular units as part of the hotel. 

(cid:120)  The Company announced in the third quarter that it was selected as first negotiations proponent as part of 
the CBS JV Corp to execute, under an Integrated Project Delivery (“IPD”) contract model, the construction 
of the Advanced Nuclear Materials Research Centre (“ANMRC”) for Canadian Nuclear Laboratories (“CNL”) 
located in Chalk  River, Ontario.   Bird is part of the  joint venture that will  lead the construction of the 
project.  The project has not yet been added to Backlog as CBS JV Corp is working through the validation 
phase, which confirms the project’s financial viability and is expected to be complete by the third quarter 
of 2019. 

(cid:120)  The Company achieved substantial completion on three Public Private Partnership and alternative finance 

(“PPP”) projects in the year ended December 31, 2018: 

o  Stanton Territorial Hospital Renewal – At over 280,000 sq. ft., the new hospital located adjacent 
to the current facility will offer outpatient and  inpatient services including  emergency, medical 
imaging,  dialysis,  obstetrics,  pediatric,  cardio  and  mental  health  departments  as  well  as  day 
procedure and surgery suites. 

o  Moncton Downtown Events Centre - The 8,800 seat, 250,000 sq. ft. facility is the largest project 
the City of Moncton has procured and completed. The centre will serve as a catalyst for downtown 
development in the City, will be the host for major sports and entertainment. 

o  East Rail Maintenance Facility – At more than 500,000 sq. ft. and built on 76 acres, construction 
included progressive maintenance bays, coach maintenance shops, locomotive maintenance shops, 

Page 3 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Management’s Discussion and Analysis 

paint booth, wheel shop, wash bays, fuel storage, a track maintenance building, track, and track 
switches.  

(cid:120) 

(cid:120) 

In 2018, cash and cash equivalents increased $25.8 million net of the effects of foreign exchange to $158.9 
million,  from  the  $133.1  million  balance  at  the  end  of  2017.  The  majority  of  the  increase  in  cash  and 
equivalents during the year relate to changes in the non-cash net current asset/liability position which can 
fluctuate significantly in the normal course of business.  

The Board has declared monthly eligible dividends of $0.0325 per common share for March 2019 and April 
2019. 

NON-GAAP MEASURES:  

Adjusted Net Income: 

Adjusted Net Income and Adjusted Net Income Per Share have no standardized meaning prescribed by GAAP 
and  are  considered  non-GAAP  measures.  Therefore,  these  measures  may  not  be  comparable  with  similar 
measures presented by other companies. Management believes that the presentation of Adjusted Net Income 
and Adjusted Net Income Per Share provides useful information for shareholders and potential investors as it 
provides increased transparency and predictive value.  

Adjusted Net Income (Non-GAAP Information) 

(in thousands of Canadian dollars, except per share amounts) 

Net income as reported in financial statements (GAAP)
Add:   Impairment of equipment
Add:   Associated tax effect
Adjusted Net Income (Non-GAAP Measure)
Adjusted Net Income Per Share (Non-GAAP Measure)

2018

2017 (2)

2016 (1)

$

$
$

(1,013)
-
-
(1,013)
(0.02)

$

$
$

8,836
-
-
8,836
0.21

$

$
$

25,002
3,855
(1,116)
27,741
0.65

Notes:
(1) Results provided for 2016 have not been restated in accordance with IFRS 15.
(2) 2017 reported figures have been restated applying IFRS 15. See "Accounting Policies - New Accounting Standards Adopted".

The Company’s net income in 2016 was negatively impacted by a non-cash charge to earnings of $3.9 million 
($2.7 million after deferred tax reversal) for the impairment of equipment.  

NATURE OF THE BUSINESS 

The Company operates as a general contractor in the Canadian construction market with offices in: St. John’s, 
Halifax, Saint John, Wabush, Montreal, Ottawa, Toronto, Winnipeg, Calgary, Edmonton, and Vancouver. The 
Company and its predecessors have been in operation for 99 years. The Company focuses primarily on projects 
in the industrial, commercial and institutional sectors of the general contracting industry. Within the industrial 
sector, Bird constructs industrial buildings and performs civil construction operations including site preparation, 
concrete  foundations,  metal  &  modular  fabrication,  mechanical  process  work,  underground  piping  and 
earthwork for clients primarily operating in the oil and gas, liquefied natural gas (LNG), mining and nuclear 
sector.  Within the institutional sector, Bird constructs hospitals, post-secondary education facilities, schools, 
prisons, courthouses, government buildings, retirement and senior housing, as well as environmental facilities 
that  include  water  and  wastewater  treatment  centres,  composting  facilities  and  biosolids  treatment  and 
management facilities. Within the commercial sector, Bird's operations include the construction and renovation 
of shopping malls, big box stores, office buildings, hotels and selected mixed-use high-rise condominiums and 

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Management’s Discussion and Analysis 

apartments.  The  Company  has  developed  expertise  in  the  construction  of  vertical  elements  and  overall 
management of transportation related projects and will continue to enhance our abilities in this market. Bird 
also invests in equity in PPP projects as a means to support construction operations. In all sectors, Bird contracts 
with its clients using a combination of fixed price, unit price, design-build, PPP, cost reimbursable (such as cost 
plus, construction management and integrated project delivery methods).  

While Bird self-performs some elements of its projects, particularly in the industrial market and in conjunction 
with its civil construction and contract mining operations, a significant portion of the overall construction risk 
rests with Bird’s subcontractors.  The scope of work  of each subcontractor is generally  defined by  the same 
contract  documents  that  form  the  basis  of  the  Company’s  agreements  with  its  clients.  The  terms  of  the 
agreements  between  the  Company  and  its  clients  are  generally  replicated  in  the  agreements  between  the 
Company  and  its  subcontractors.  These  “flow-down”  provisions  substantially  mitigate  the  risk  borne  by  the 
Company.  Depending on the value of the work, the Company may  require bonds or other forms of contract 
security  including  enrolling  our  subcontractors  in  Bird’s  subcontractor  default  insurance  program  which  will 
mitigate  exposure  to  possible  additional  costs  should  a  subcontractor  not  be  able  to  meet  its  contractual 
obligations. Bird’s primary constraint on growth is the ability to secure new work at reasonable margins and 
the availability of qualified professional staff who can be assigned to manage the projects.  

STRATEGY 

In 2016, the Company undertook a comprehensive strategic review to assess its market position and re-establish 
medium and long-term goals. This process culminated in the Company’s Board of Directors endorsing the Build 
Bird five-year strategic plan that has been developed to further enhance the Company’s position as a premier 
Canadian contractor driven by the passion and dedication of a team of construction professionals. The Build 
Bird five-year strategic plan is going into its third full year of implementation in 2019 and features three core 
pillars: Build the Business, Build the Team and Build Relationships. Each pillar has been further expanded into 
three  primary  initiatives  detailed  below  with  the  express  purpose  of  improving  the  Company’s  margins  and 
overall profitability through 2021 and building a healthier company that can deliver more consistent earnings 
through the various economic cycles.   

Broadly, Bird’s strategic focus is to secure projects in markets with higher profit margins, which in the past 
several  years  consisted  of  PPP  and  large  design-build  projects  in  the  institutional  sector  as  well  as  smaller 
midstream oil & gas capital projects in western Canada.  For Bird Heavy Civil, the focus will continue to be on 
diversifying the customer base on select mining support and environmental projects on mine sites.  In the fourth 
quarter of 2018, the Company contracted the Cedar Valley Lodge, located at LNG Canada’s liquefaction and 
export facility in Kitimat, British Columbia which is Canada’s largest ever infrastructure project.  This project 
will help the Company achieve a more balanced work program between industrial and commercial/institutional 
sectors by increasing the contribution from industrial work on a project with significant size, scale and duration. 
It will also provide the opportunity to secure additional scopes of work by executing well on the Cedar Valley 
Lodge and leveraging our relationships.  While the Company will position itself to maximize opportunities on 
the LNG Canada project, Management remains fully committed to its diversification program.   

BUILD THE BUSINESS 

Diversification and Growth 

The diversification of the Company’s work program and earnings base is intended to strengthen the Company 
by making it healthier and more resilient during economic downturns. As part of the overall strategy, Bird will 
continue to focus on larger and more complex construction projects, which limit competition and typically offer 
the  potential  for  enhanced  profit  margins.  Diversification  and  Growth  will  be  realized  through  geographic 
expansion of existing services, introduction of new services and the development of new clients.  The Company 
sees  opportunities  in  areas  that  were  selected  by  the  federal  government  to  invest  in  such  as  indigenous 
communities, environmental initiatives and transportation projects. The Company’s goal is to leverage its areas 
of expertise to participate more fully in these markets on selective projects where it can develop a compelling 

Page 5 

 
 
Management’s Discussion and Analysis 

win  strategy.    The  Company  will  be  very  selective  in  its  execution  of  the  strategy  to  ensure  it  grows  and 
diversifies profitably. 

Through its geographic expansion efforts, the Company will continue to express its preference for design-build 
construction contracts where its proven experience provides Bird with a source of competitive advantage.  In 
doing so, the Company will also look to ensure there is a balanced risk profile in its work program so that there 
is  a  mix  of  lower  risk  delivery  methods  such  as  construction  management,  cost-plus  and  integrated  project 
delivery  (“IPD”)  with  higher  risk  methods  such  as  stipulated  sum,  unit  price,  design-build  and  PPP.    The 
Company  is  also  looking  for  opportunities  to  expand  commercial  and  institutional  expertise  into  additional 
markets in Canada.  The  Edmonton Commercial office was established in 2017 and despite expectations for 
challenging market conditions in Alberta in 2019, the business is positioning itself to develop the team and its 
capabilities to service the region on a long-term basis.   The Company has been successful already in expanding 
its presence in northern Canada which is a key focus area for growth as evidenced by the recent completion of 
the Stanton Territorial Hospital in Yellowknife and the ongoing construction of the Iqaluit Hotel which is being 
built using steel frame modular units manufactured by Stack Modular (“Stack”), which the Company owns a 50% 
stake.  The Company is also focusing on the light rail transit (“LRT”) segment of the transportation market by 
utilizing  project  teams  from  across  the  country  in  pursuit  of  the  ‘vertical’  elements  of  these  projects  (i.e. 
maintenance  facilities,  stations,  platforms)  in  joint  venture  partnership  arrangements  with  ‘horizontal’ 
contractors. 

New  service  offerings  will  also  contribute  to  Bird’s  Diversification  and  Growth  strategy.  The  Company  will 
pursue  more  opportunities  in  the  nuclear  market  in  Ontario  building  on  successes  achieved  in  2018.  The 
Company will continue to leverage the mechanical and electrical experience it gained in its 2013 acquisition of 
Nason Contracting Group Ltd. to pursue process related contracts in the industrial market sector. The Company 
will build on its successful growth into the environmental market with projects active in four provinces and 
shortlisted  on  projects  in  two  additional  provinces.  By  continuing  to  build  our  expertise,  the  Company  will 
further  establish  its  position  as  a  top  tier  environmental  firm  in  the  construction  of  bio-solid  treatment 
facilities, composting facilities and in water and wastewater treatment facilities across the country.  We will 
also selectively identify and pursue Maintenance, Repair and Operations (“MRO”) opportunities with our energy 
clients in northern Alberta building a recurring revenue stream.  The overall goal is to increase the contribution 
from  projects  in  the  nuclear  sector,  turnkey  process  mechanical,  environmental  and  MRO  markets  to  be 
balanced with our traditional full service civil, concrete formwork, earthmoving and building services.  Any of 
these services can be combined to meet a client’s needs. 

As part of the Company’s growth strategy, the Company will use its existing relationships in established markets 
to expand its work program. As one of only a few general contractors in Canada with a national footprint, Bird 
looks to deepen its relationship with existing private clients that have a portfolio of properties and development 
opportunities  both  regionally  and  across  Canada  while  also  seeking  to  foster  new  client  relationships. 
Historically, in western Canada the Company’s industrial work program has been focused on the oil sands where 
it has secured a reputation as a safe, reliable and cost-effective general contractor. In the coming years, the 
Company  will  leverage  these  proven  capabilities  to  develop  clients  and  work  programs  more  broadly.  As  of 
2018, the Company now has industrial related projects, including heavy civil, in regions across the country.  
Bird  Heavy  Civil  will  widen  its  established  activities  in  the  Labrador  Trough  region  to  secure  similar 
opportunities  in  eastern  Canada.  This  expanded  geographical  scope  will  also  support  the  need  to  develop 
additional  clients,  primarily  in  Ontario,  Quebec  and  northern  Canada  to  diversify  from  Bird  Heavy  Civil’s 
historical  focus  on  the  iron  ore  market.  These  efforts  to  develop  new  clients  will  require  a  commitment  to 
business development and a recognition that program accomplishments will take time to mature, particularly 
given the market conditions seen in the resource sector in recent years. 

The focus on diversification has brought to light new market opportunities for the Company, some of which the 
Company has been able to service through organic growth and others where the Company has identified the 
need for an acquisition to spur the Company’s entry into a new sector.  Most recently, the Company plans to 
leverage its 2017 investment in Stack, a modular construction company with production operations in China, as 
an  alternative  manner  of  delivering  projects  such  as  hotels,  senior  housing,  residential  apartments  and 

Page 6 

 
 
Management’s Discussion and Analysis 

condominiums and commercial office buildings for key clients. The Company and Stack have complementary 
knowledge,  resources  and  expertise  that  positions  them  well  to  serve  the  permanent  modular  construction 
market in Canada and the United States. Recently, the Company has been more active in researching additional 
acquisition  targets.    Generally,  the  Company  is  looking  to  add  self-perform  capabilities  with  niche  service 
offerings that will enhance overall profit margins and that will provide the Company with a platform for future 
growth.   

Build Efficiencies 

As a primary initiative of the Build the Business pillar, Bird’s strategy for Build Efficiencies is to drive business 
process  improvements  to  gain  efficiencies  and  generate  savings  from  overheads.  These  savings  will  be 
reinvested into the Company’s strategic initiatives. Through 2018, the Company successfully introduced new 
software platforms to aid operations in safety management, human resource management and project delivery.  
Increasing  process  efficiency,  particularly  for  the  operations  team,  will  also  lead  to  greater  engagement 
amongst the employee group and is anticipated to positively impact production as project teams will be able 
to dedicate more energy to project execution and less to administrative tasks.   

Safe Production 

At Bird, the single most important value is Safety and the goal is zero harm. Building on a highly reputable and 
proven safety program, this ongoing initiative will further the Company’s commitment to embedding a Safe 
Production mindset throughout the project lifecycle, from estimating through to post-job assessment. It will 
require driving greater involvement and commitment from subcontractors and suppliers, and will further extend 
to  fostering  the  safe  planning  and  execution  of  Bird  employee  activities  off  the  job.  This  holistic  approach 
reflects the Company’s fundamental belief that thinking and acting safely is not a switch that can, or should 
be,  activated  when  arriving  at  or  leaving  the  job  site  or  workplace.  Rather,  it  is  a  mindset  that  must  be 
encouraged,  nurtured  and  supported  so  that  safe  behaviours  become  a  habit;  repeatable,  sustainable,  and 
embedded in everything Bird staff do. 

BUILD THE TEAM 

Drive Positive Engagement, Become the Employer of Choice & Grow Our Talent 

The Build the Team pillar includes a wide range of human resource program initiatives intended to enhance 
the employee experience, Drive Positive Engagement, and create a stronger and more productive workforce.  

Bird’s success is highly dependent on the Company’s ability to Grow Our Talent and Become the Employer of 
Choice.  This  involves  attracting,  developing  and  retaining  a  highly  skilled  workforce  at  all  levels  within  the 
organization. The Company is committed to providing employees and potential employees with interesting and 
challenging work and opportunities to build a successful career in every aspect of the business. Through the 
strategic  planning  process,  several  key  priorities  and  challenges  pertaining  to  the  recruitment,  onboarding, 
development,  performance  management  and  retention  of  employees  were  identified.  A  key  element  of  the 
Company’s plan is the enhancement of a meaningful employee recognition program to go along with annual 
service  awards  and  the  Company’s  25-year  and  50-year  clubs.    New  investment  and  implementation  of  a 
software platform will help the Company employ more streamlined and proactive solutions for these priorities 
in 2019 and beyond. It will also help elevate the employee experience and Drive Positive Engagement at Bird 
by  facilitating  effective  talent  management  and  mobility  across  the  organization.  An  updated  employee 
handbook, onboarding resources and the delivery of in-house leadership training programs that focus on people 
and  management  skills  rather  than  technical  skills,  will  help  facilitate  the  Company’s  success.  The  training 
programs include the Bird Leadership Academy (senior leaders), Bird Site Management Program (site supervisors 
and project site-based staff) and Taking Flight (new managers and supervisors).  

By  continuously  developing  and  refining  policies  and  programs  to  engage  employees  at  work  and  in  their 
communities,  offering  new  and  innovative  training  programs,  driving  ongoing  leadership  development,  and 
making a career at Bird more than just a job, the Company can recruit, develop and retain top talent while 
ensuring compensation programs remain market competitive. 

Page 7 

 
 
Management’s Discussion and Analysis 

BUILD RELATIONSHIPS 

One Bird 

Recognizing  that  the  construction  industry  has  evolved  and  projects  are  getting  more  complex,  Bird  has 
deployed the One Bird initiative that considers a holistic, company-wide approach to work more efficiently and 
effectively. One of the primary goals of this initiative is to identify and share the expertise across the Company 
to  enhance  effective  deployment  of  human  resources  on  the  best  opportunities,  regardless  of  employees’ 
geographic  location.  By  promoting  a  more  mobile  workforce  and  increasing  collaboration  the  Company  will 
leverage its talent for targeted opportunities to secure greater outcomes.  This initiative is supported through 
standardized  technology  and  common  software  platforms  and  reinforced  in  the  Company’s  variable 
compensation programs. 

Creating a Customer 1st Attitude 

A  primary  initiative  of  the  Build  Relationships  pillar,  the  Creating  a  Customer  1st  Attitude,  targets  the 
development of stronger client relationships. The Company has traditionally focused on operational excellence 
and execution of its work program to develop client relationships. While this has served the Company well in 
terms of delivering consistent results and developing repeat clients, there is a need to invest more resources 
in strengthening existing client relationships and developing new ones. This is consistent with Bird’s strategy 
of  targeting  work  with  clients  that  welcome  innovation  and  position  the  Company  to  add  value.  Bird  will 
continue  to  target  complex  work,  a  market  the  Company  has  successfully  performed  in  and  one  where  the 
competition will be like-minded contractors with similar cost structures and approaches to risk and reward. 
Clients  that  seek  a  longer  term,  collaborative  relationship  align  well  with  the  Build  Bird  five-year  strategic 
plan. 

Corporate Social Responsibility 

Bird  believes  in  being  a  good  corporate  citizen  and  supporting  the  communities  in  which  it  works  and  its 
employees live. In addition, employees increasingly wish to align themselves with a company that gives back 
and  is  socially  responsible.  Bird’s  Corporate  Social  Responsibility  initiative  includes  Indigenous  Cultural 
Awareness  training  for  all  employees  which  builds  upon  the  Company’s  Indigenous  Engagement  Policy. 
Furthermore, establishment of the Bird Foundation, a formal conduit for tabulating and communicating Bird 
community  donations  and  contributions,  will  provide  greater  direction  to  the  Company’s  community 
engagement while driving increased employee participation and engagement.  

KEY PERFORMANCE DRIVERS 

Securing profitable construction contracts and then controlling the costs during the execution of that work are 
the key drivers of success for the Company.  

To achieve this, new work must be available, which is a function of the general state of the economy. In periods 
of  strong  economic  growth,  capital  spending  will  generally  increase  and  there  will  be  more  opportunities 
available  in  the  construction  industry.  In  economic  downturns,  fewer  opportunities  typically  exist  and 
competition  for  those  opportunities  becomes  even  more  intense,  generally  resulting  in  lower  Gross  Profit 
Percentages. The Company must be successful in securing profitable work in various economic conditions. The 
construction  industry  is  highly  fragmented  and  accordingly,  the  Company  competes  with  a  number  of 
international, national, regional and local construction firms. One of the Company’s competitive advantages 
rests in its long-standing reputation for successfully delivering high quality projects that fully meet the needs 
of the customer, which enables the Company to secure repeat business from existing clients and win work with 
new clients.  

The Company’s success in securing work is also reflected in the value of the Backlog. The following table shows 
the Company’s Backlog at the end of the comparative reporting periods. The Company’s Backlog of $1,295.9 
million at December 31, 2018 increased compared with $1,186.0 million at December 31, 2017. During 2018, 
the Company announced that it was part of the consortium that has  been  contracted to design and  build a 

Page 8 

 
 
Management’s Discussion and Analysis 

biosolids  facility  for  CRD  in  Victoria,  BC,  representing  another  strategic  win  and  building  on  the  Company’s 
expanding portfolio of environmental projects.  The Company also announced that it has executed a contract 
for  the  OPP  Modernization  Phase  2  project.    In  the  fourth  quarter,  the  contract  for  the  engineering, 
procurement  and  construction  of  LNG  Canada’s  Cedar  Valley  Lodge  was  novated  to  LNG  Canada’s  EPC 
Contractor and the EPC Contractor has issued a notice to proceed.  Bird also announced it was selected as first 
negotiations proponent as part of the CBS JV Corp to execute, under an IPD contract model, for the construction 
of the Advanced Nuclear Materials Research Centre for CNL located in Chalk River, Ontario.  Bird is part of the 
joint venture that will lead the construction of the project. The Advanced Nuclear Research Centre is not yet 
included in Backlog as the contract will be finalized following the validation phase.  

(in thousands of Canadian dollars)

December 31, 
2018

December 31, 
2017

Backlog

$

1,295,940

$

1,186,000

Once  the  Company  has  secured  a  contract,  the  profitability  of  that  contract,  measured  by  the  Gross  Profit 
Percentage, is primarily a function of management’s ability to control costs, achieve productivity objectives 
associated with the contract and resolve outstanding commercial issues as they arise. The following table shows 
the Gross Profit Percentage realized by the Company in the comparative periods. 

Year ended 
2018

(restated) 
Year ended 
2017

Gross Profit Percentage

4.2%

5.0%

During 2018 the Company realized a Gross Profit Percentage of 4.2% compared with 5.0% in 2017. The reduction 
in both gross profit and Gross Profit Percentage in 2018 is a result of several factors. In the first quarter of 
2018, the Company incurred additional costs, including financing costs from lenders, on a PPP project that was 
late in achieving substantial completion. Further impacting gross profit and Gross Profit Percentage in 2018 was 
lower  volumes  recognized  in  the  Company’s  higher  margin  self-perform  operations  in  both  the  industrial 
operations in western Canada and mining operations in eastern Canada, a result of project delays and a labour 
strike at one of Company’s primary mining clients. In addition, late in the second quarter, it became apparent 
one of the Company’s offices was experiencing difficulty in the execution of several projects primarily due to 
design related issues. The Company has recorded provisions to account for the expected increase in construction 
costs  on  these  projects,  has  taken  steps  to  mitigate  further  impacts  on  results,  and  is  seeking  recovery 
accordingly.  The Gross Profit Percentage in the fourth quarter of 2018 increased to 5.9%, moderately higher 
year-over-year, and reflects the impact of a growing contribution from industrial projects and a more diversified 
and balanced work program overall for the Company.   

Financial Condition 

The  Company  requires  adequate  working  capital  and  equity  retained  in  the  business  to  support  its  ongoing 
operations,  including  surety  and  contract  security  requirements.  The  Company  continually  monitors  the 
adequacy  of  its  working  capital  and  equity  to  satisfy  contract  security  needs.  The  Company  believes  it  has 
sufficient working capital to support its current contract requirements. The Company has submitted proposals 
and is waiting for the clients’ award decision on several large opportunities that if contracted to the Company 
would significantly increase Backlog. If the Company is successful in securing some of these larger opportunities, 
the Company has access to adequate financing from its lead banking partner.  

Page 9 

 
 
            
            
 
 
Management’s Discussion and Analysis 

The following shows the working capital and shareholders’ equity of the Company in the comparative reporting 
periods. 

(in thousands of Canadian dollars)

Working capital

Shareholders' equity

December 31, 
2018

(restated) 
December 31,
 2017

$

$

70,215

136,229

$

$

84,078

153,816

At  December  31,  2018,  the  Company  had  working  capital  of  $70.2  million  compared  with  $84.1  million  at 
December 31, 2017, a decline of $13.9 million. In 2018, the Company paid dividends of $16.6 million, had net 
additions of equipment and intangible assets of $4.9 million and net increase in deferred taxes of $3.3 million, 
which served to reduce working capital.  This was partially offset by $10.9 million net increase to non-current 
loans and borrowings.  

The $17.6 million decrease in the amount of the Company’s shareholders’ equity since December 31, 2017 is a 
result of the $16.6 million dividends declared in 2018 combined with the net loss of $1.0 million generated in 
2018.  

Safety 

At Bird, ensuring that all work on our sites is executed to exacting quality standards begins with our commitment 
to  creating  and  sustaining  a  culture  in  which  the  identification,  assessment,  and  elimination  or  control  of 
hazards and risks is incorporated into every aspect of our operations. We call this Safe Production, and it is a 
cornerstone of our operational philosophy and approach.  

Ensuring that all workers leave our jobsites everyday just as healthy and safe as when they arrived is a shared 
commitment  and  by  working  collaboratively  with  our  employees  and  subcontractors  to  achieve  this,  we 
minimize risk and create the appropriate conditions for the safe execution of construction activity - on time, 
on budget, and to our client’s satisfaction. We believe this shared commitment is critical to our overall success. 
It’s how we work. 

Through  our  robust  orientation  and  training  programs  and  our  ongoing  communication  and  engagement 
activities, we encourage all workers to actively contribute to our ongoing efforts to continuously improve not 
only our safety program, but overall collaboration and effectiveness. In this way, we not only ensure they leave 
work healthy and safe every day, but in doing so, help contribute to our overall operational excellence.  

At Bird, Safe Production is not just a vision or a philosophy, it is a daily routine practiced with discipline and 
rigor  on  all  our  job  sites.  As  part  of  the  Safe  Production  strategic  initiative,  the  Company  completed  an 
organization  wide  Safety  Culture  Assessment  in  the  third  quarter  of  2017  which  will  form  the  basis  for  the 
development of a long-term safety strategy for the organization. 

In 2018, Bird executed 3,916,636 man-hours of work, incurring zero lost time incidents (LTI).  

LTI frequency

0.00

0.16

Year ended 
December 31, 2018

Year ended 
December 31, 2017

Page 10 

 
 
                 
                  
               
                
 
 
 
Management’s Discussion and Analysis 

RESULTS OF OPERATIONS 

FISCAL 2018 COMPARED WITH FISCAL 2017 

In the fiscal year ended December 31, 2018, the Company recorded a net loss of $1.0 million on construction 
revenue of $1,381.8 million compared with a net income  of $8.8 million on $1,418.6 million of construction 
revenue in 2017. Construction revenue of $1,381.8 million was $36.8 million or 2.6% lower than the $1,418.6 
million recorded in 2017. While there was an increase in volume attributable to higher margin, self-perform 
industrial  work  programs  in  the  fourth  quarter,  revenue  generated  in  the  year  was  negatively  impacted  by 
project delays in the industrial work program primarily experienced in the first half, including a strike at one 
of the Company’s mining clients in eastern Canada.  In addition, the extension of the procurement timelines of 
several PPP projects in the Ontario region  has resulted in  lower volumes executed in our institutional work 
program.  These factors coupled with an industrial work program that had lower backlog entering the year from 
a historical perspective contributed to lower volume in fiscal 2018.  

The Company’s gross profit of $57.5 million in 2018 was $13.8 million or 19.4% lower than the $71.3 million 
recorded in 2017.  In 2018, the Gross Profit Percentage of 4.2% was 0.8% lower than the Gross Profit Percentage 
of 5.0% recorded in 2017. The year-over-year reduction in both gross profit and Gross Profit Percentage in 2018 
are a result of a confluence of events experienced during the course of the year. Industrial operations, including 
mining in eastern Canada, were negatively impacted by project delays, including a labour strike at one of the 
Company’s primary mining clients, in the first half of 2018.  Industrial project activity ramped up through the 
second half of the year as delays eased and alternative work programs became available, although later than 
initially anticipated.  One of the Company’s offices experienced execution issues on several projects that were 
largely design related and for which the Company has recorded provisions to account for the increase in costs, 
taken steps to mitigate further impacts and is seeking recovery accordingly.  

Income from equity accounted investments in 2018 was $1.9 million, compared with $1.8 million in 2017.  Early 
in project lifecycles, equity investments in associates generally operate at a loss and typically generate positive 
equity income later in the project lifecycle. Bird has a mix of equity investments in associates in varying stages 
of project lifecycles in both fiscal 2017 and 2018. 

In 2018, general and administrative expenses of $58.9 million (4.3% of revenue) was $0.4 million lower than 
$59.3 million (4.2% of revenue) in 2017. During the year, the Company spent $3.0 million in third-party pursuit 
costs which is $2.5 million lower than the amount recorded in 2017. In 2018, the Company also had a foreign 
exchange gain compared to a foreign exchange loss in 2017 resulting in a $2.1 million improvement year-over-
year.  Offsetting  these  positive  variances  was  compensation  expense  at  $4.4  million  higher  year-over-year 
primarily due a combination of higher labour costs associated with a growing industrial work program as well 
as a loss recorded in the total return swap program resulting from the decline in the Company’s share price in 
2018.  

Finance income in 2018 of $1.4 million is comparable to the $1.3 million recorded in 2017.  

Finance and other costs of $4.5 million in 2018 was $2.5 million higher than the $2.0 million reported in 2017. 
The increase is due to a $1.3 million change in the mark-to-market of interest rate swaps from a $0.3 million 
gain in 2017 to a $1.0 million loss in 2018. In addition, interest costs were higher associated with increased 
loans and borrowings and higher interest rates, as a well as other financing costs.  

In 2018, income tax recovery was $1.7 million, compared to an income tax expense of $4.2 million recorded in 
2017.  The year-over-year decline in income taxes is primarily due to lower current income taxes associated 
with the net loss before income taxes in the current year.   

Page 11 

 
 
 
 
Management’s Discussion and Analysis 

THREE MONTHS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2018 COMPARED WITH THREE MONTHS ENDED 
DECEMBER 31, 2017 

Selected Quarterly Financial Information
Consolidated Statements of Income
Fourth Quarter

(in thousands of Canadian dollars)

Construction revenue
Costs of Construction 
Gross Profit

Income from equity accounted investments
General and administrative expenses

Income from operations

Finance income
Finance and other costs

Income before income taxes

Income tax expense

For the three months ended December 31,
2017
 (restated)
(unaudited)

2018
(unaudited)

$

$

385,854
363,215
22,639

1,522
(15,180)

8,981

498
(1,910)

7,569

1,190

365,552
344,634
20,918

220
(17,163)

3,975

404
(728)

3,651

1,661

1,990

Net income for the period

$

6,379

$

During the fourth quarter of 2018, the Company recorded a net income of $6.4 million on construction revenue 
of  $385.9  million  compared  with  a  net  income  of  $2.0  million  on  $365.5  million  of  construction  revenue 
respectively in 2017. The year-over-year increase in fourth quarter net income is reflective of the improvement 
in earnings attributable to the higher margin self-perform industrial work programs in the fourth quarter of 
2018.    

The Company’s fourth quarter gross profit of $22.6 million was $1.7 million or 8.2% higher than the $20.9 million 
recorded a year ago. The increase in the amount of fourth quarter 2018 gross profit is driven by the higher 
quarterly construction revenues year-over-year. The Company’s fourth quarter 2018 Gross Profit Percentage of 
5.9%  was  0.2%  higher  than  the  Gross  Profit  Percentage  of  5.7%  recorded  a  year  ago.  On  a  year-over-year 
comparative basis, Gross Profit Percentage in 2018 was positively impacted by higher volumes recognized in 
the Company’s higher margin self-perform operations in its industrial work programs. 

Income from equity accounted investments in the fourth quarter of 2018 was $1.5 million, compared with $0.2 
million in same period of 2017. The income in fourth quarter of 2018 was primarily driven by the margin earned 
from a project in eastern Canada. 

In the fourth quarter of 2018, general and administrative expenses of $15.2 million (4.0% of revenue) were $2.0 
million  lower  than  $17.2  million  (4.7%  of  revenue)  in  the  comparable  period  a  year  ago.  During  the  fourth 
quarter, the Company had minimal third-party pursuit costs which were $1.3 million lower than the amount 
recorded in 2017. In the fourth quarter of 2018 the Company also had a foreign exchange gain of $0.9 million 
compared  to  a  foreign  exchange  loss  of  $0.2  million  recorded  in  2017.  Consulting  and  legal  fees  were 
approximately $1.0 million lower year-over-year. Offsetting these positive variances was compensation expense 
at $1.4 million higher than the amount recorded a year ago primarily due to a loss recorded in the total return 
swap program resulting from the decline in the Company’s share price.   

Page 12 

 
 
           
             
           
             
             
               
               
                   
            
             
               
                
                  
                   
              
                  
               
                
               
                
               
                
Management’s Discussion and Analysis 

Finance income of $0.5 million in the fourth quarter of 2018 is comparable to the $0.4 million recorded in the 
same period of 2017. 

Finance and other costs of $1.9 million were $1.2 million higher than the $0.7 million reported in the fourth 
quarter of 2017. The increase is due a $0.6 million higher loss year-over-year on the mark-to-market of interest 
rate swaps, which will balance out through the life of the derivative tied to project completion. In addition, 
interest costs were higher associated with increased loans and borrowings and higher interest rates, as a well 
as other financing costs. 

In the fourth quarter of 2018, income tax expense was $1.2 million, compared to income tax expense of $1.7 
million recorded in the fourth quarter of 2017.  

FUTURE OPERATING PERFORMANCE 

The Company will continue to make investments in both people and technology as it executes on the Build Bird 
strategic plan, with diversification of our earnings base and margin improvement being key areas of focus. The 
mix of revenue in 2018 differs from that of 2017 as evidenced by the increase in the industrial work program 
relative to institutional and commercial with this trend expected to continue into 2019. The institutional market 
sector contributed 53% of 2018 revenues (66% in 2017 restated). The industrial market sector contributed 30% 
of 2018 revenues (21% in 2017 restated). The retail and commercial sector contributed 17% of 2018 revenues 
(13% in 2017 restated).  

At December 31, 2018, the Company was carrying a Backlog of $1,295.9 million, representing an increase from 
the $1,186.0 million carried at the end of 2017. The increase in backlog in 2018 demonstrates the success in 
the diversification efforts of the Company, with securements across a broad range of market sectors and a more 
balanced risk profile than it has been for the last several years. This diversification includes growth of contracts 
across  Canada  including  environmental  facilities,  industrial  contracts  in  LNG  and  nuclear,  and  in  mining 
contracts in gold and other minerals. However, mining operations in eastern Canada remain an annualized work 
program with low but stable Backlog and increased seasonality as compared to the core industrial work program, 
where the majority of the industrial Backlog resides.  

In the fourth quarter, the Company was issued the Notice to Proceed with the construction of the Cedar Valley 
Lodge for LNG Canada, a design build contract for the construction of a 4500-person workforce accommodations 
facility in support of the new LNG liquefaction terminal in Kitimat, BC.  The project has now been entered into 
Backlog, providing the Company with a significant large-scale industrial project to execute through the course 
of 2019 and 2020 and/while establishing early involvement in the project which is expected to be the largest 
infrastructure  investment  in  Canadian  history.    Other  significant  additions  to  Backlog  in  2018  include  a  PPP 
project for a residuals treatment facility for the Capital Region District in Victoria in which the Company has 
taken a minority equity interest in the concession and the OPP Modernization Phase 2, an alternative finance 
project for Ontario Infrastructure and Lands Corporation, in which the Company will design, build and finance 
nine Ontario Provincial Police (OPP) detachments across Ontario.  

The Company is anticipating additional growth in Backlog through 2019 with contributions from several different 
markets.    At  December  31,  2018,  the  Company  had  approximately  $300  million  in  projects  that  have  been 
awarded or in which the Company has been named as the primary negotiation proponent that are yet to be 
contracted.    The  most  significant  is  the  Advanced  Nuclear  Materials  Research  Centre  for  Canadian  Nuclear 
Laboratories (CNL) located in Chalk River, Ontario, a project expected to be contracted in the third quarter of 
2019 following the completion of the validation phase.  Two institutional projects in Alberta and one for an 
energy client in Ontario are expected to be contracted and entered into Backlog in the first half of 2019.  In 
addition, the Company is in the pre-construction phase for over $200 million in institutional projects in British 
Columbia that are anticipated to proceed to construction by the third quarter of the year, although only a small 
fraction of the revenue will be included in Backlog due to the agency nature of the construction management 
contract delivery model.    

With respect to the PPP market and larger scale design build opportunities, the pipeline of projects remains 
strong.  As of December 31, 2018, the Company has submitted two requests for proposals and was awaiting 

Page 13 

 
 
Management’s Discussion and Analysis 

results. One as a preferred subcontractor to a consortium for an LRT project in Ottawa and the other proposal, 
as  part  of  a  consortium,  for  the  design,  build,  finance,  maintenance  and  operations  of  a  water  treatment 
facility.  The Company, in a preferred subcontract arrangement to a consortium, was also in active pursuit of 
an LRT  project that is  expected to  be submitted in  the second quarter of 2019 and was shortlisted for two 
smaller environmental projects and is awaiting the request for proposals, although timing remains uncertain.  
The Company also submitted responses for two requests for qualifications and was active in responding to one 
other.  The award of any of these project opportunities will primarily benefit the fourth quarter of 2019 and 
beyond.  

In fiscal 2019, the Company expects to have a work program that is more balanced and diversified than it has 
been over the past several years, supporting progress towards returning to historical levels of profitability and 
growth. Management expects to see the mobilization for the Cedar Valley Lodge ramp up through the second 
quarter and as such, is not expected to contribute significantly to earnings in the first quarter.  As a result, 
seasonality will be a factor early in the year as the Company’s work program builds momentum through 2019.  
The  Company  expects  to  see  an  improvement  in  earnings  attributable  to  its  higher  margin  self-perform 
industrial work program and anticipates more broadly a double-digit year-over-year revenue growth.  Due to 
the combination of timing of bids and generally the smaller scale of the projects anticipated to be in active 
pursuit in 2019, the Company expects third-party pursuit costs to return to more modest levels.  Taking into 
consideration  the  Company’s  current  Backlog  and  the  pending  booking  of  future  contracts  that  have  been 
awarded,  the  Company  expects  earnings  in  2019  to  ramp  up  towards  the  $25.0  million  of  net  income  level 
recorded in 2016. 

Backlog 

During  year  ended  December  31,  2018,  the  Company  secured  a  net  $1,491.7  million  in  new  construction 
contracts (including change orders to existing contracts) and put in place $1,381.8 million of work resulting in 
a Backlog at December 31, 2018 of $1,295.9 million. Backlog was negatively impacted by a cancellation of a 
mixed-use residential project in Ontario, but overall remains strong.  The following table outlines the changes 
in the amount of the Company’s Backlog throughout the current and prior fiscal year. 

Backlog
(in millions of Canadian dollars)
December 31, 2016
Securement and change orders in 2017
Realized in construction revenues in 2017
December 31, 2017

Securement and change orders in 2018
Realized in construction revenues in 2018
December 31, 2018

$

$

$

1,137.0
1,467.6
(1,418.6)
1,186.0

1,491.7
(1,381.8)
1,295.9

ACCOUNTING POLICIES 

The Company’s significant accounting policies are outlined in the notes to the audited December 31, 2018 and 
2017 Consolidated Financial Statements. The consolidated financial statements were prepared using the same 
accounting policies as our 2017 consolidated financial statements except for new accounting standards adopted 
January 1, 2018. 

New Accounting Standards Adopted 

Refer to the notes to the audited consolidated financial statements at December 31, 2018 for a summary of the 
new accounting standards adopted. 

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Management’s Discussion and Analysis 

Future accounting changes 

IFRS 16, Leases: 

On January 13, 2016, the IASB issued IFRS 16 Leases. The new standard is effective for annual periods beginning 
on or after January 1, 2019. This standard introduces a single lessee accounting model and requires a lessee to 
recognize assets and liabilities for all leases with a term of more than twelve months unless the  underlying 
assets  are  of  low  value.  A  lessee  is  required  to  recognize  a  right-of-use  (“ROU”)  asset  and  a  lease  liability 
representing its obligation to make lease payments.  

The Company intends to adopt IFRS 16 in its financial statements for the annual period beginning on January 
1, 2019. The standard may be applied retrospectively or using a modified retrospective approach.  The Company 
plans to use the modified retrospective approach which does not require restatement of prior period financial 
information. 

The Company continues to make progress in the evaluation of its contracts that may contain a ROU asset.  The 
Company anticipates that the most significant impact of adopting IFRS 16 will be the recognition of ROU assets 
and corresponding lease liability related to leases with a term of 12 months or more on the Consolidated Balance 
Sheet at January 1, 2019. The additional right-of-use asset and lease liability is expected to result in an increase 
in  depreciation  and  amortization  expense  and  increase  in  interest  costs  on  its  lease  liabilities,  with  a 
corresponding  decrease  in  operating  lease  expenses.  The  Company  also  expects  an  increase  in  operating 
cashflows with a corresponding reduction in financing cashflows under IFRS 16.  

On  initial  adoption,  the  Company  intends  to  use  the  following  practical  expedients  permitted  under  the 
standard: 

(cid:120)  Apply a single discount rate to a portfolio of leases with similar characteristics; 
(cid:120)  Account for leases with a remaining term of less than 12 months as at January 1, 2019 as short-term 

leases; 

(cid:120)  The  use  of  hindsight  in  determining  the  lease  term  where  the  contract  contains  terms  to  extend  or 

terminate the lease; and 

(cid:120)  Use the Company’s previous assessment of impairment under IAS 37 for onerous contracts instead of 

re-assessing the ROU asset for impairment on January 1, 2019. 

The company is finalizing its overall analysis, assessing any potential impact to IT systems and internal controls 
and reviewing additional disclosures required by the new standard. 

The Company expects the adoption of the standard to result in an increase in assets of approximately $16.0 
million  and  an  increase  in  liabilities  of  $18.0  million,  with  a  corresponding  decrease  to  opening  retained 
earnings for the net difference of approximately $2.0 million as at January 1, 2019.  The Company continues 
to assess the impact of adopting IFRS 16 on deferred tax balances. 

IFRIC 23, Uncertainty over Income Tax Treatments: 

On  June  7,  2017,  the  IASB  issued  IFRIC  Interpretation  23  Uncertainty  over  Income  Tax  Treatments.  The 
Interpretation  provides  guidance  on  the  accounting  for  current  and  deferred  tax  liabilities  and  assets  in 
circumstances in which there is uncertainty over income tax treatments. The Interpretation is applicable for 
annual periods beginning on or after January 1, 2019. Earlier application is permitted. The Company intends to 
adopt the Interpretation in its financial statements for the annual period beginning on January 1, 2019. The 
Company does not expect the Interpretation to have a material impact on the financial statements. 

SUMMARY OF QUARTERLY RESULTS 

The table below summarizes the results for the eight most recent quarters. The Company experiences more 
seasonality in its business in the first quarter and early second quarter as a result of a more annualized nature 
of  its  mining  work  program  and  the  timing  of  new  project  starts  in  its  industrial  work  program.  Contracts 

Page 15 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Management’s Discussion and Analysis 

typically  extend  over  several  quarters  and  often  over  several  years.  For  purposes  of  quarterly  financial 
reporting,  the  Company  must  estimate  the  cost  required  to  complete  each  contract  to  assess  the  overall 
profitability  of  the  contract  and  the  amount  of  gross  profit  to  recognize  for  the  quarter.  Such  estimating 
includes contingencies to allow for certain known and unknown risks. The magnitude of the contingencies will 
depend on the nature and complexity of the work to be performed. As the contract progresses and remaining 
costs to be incurred and risk exposures become more certain, contingencies will typically decline or have been 
utilized, although certain risks will remain until the contract has been completed, and even beyond. In some 
cases, variations in earnings may occur where costs incurred to date may be recoverable from insurance policies 
or claims to customers at a future date but cannot be recorded in the current quarter. In the case of insurance 
claims, financial recovery is not recorded until certainty of the recovery is attained, in accordance with the 
Company’s  contingent  asset  accounting  policy.  Or  in  the  case  of  claims  to  customers  that  are  considered 
constrained variable consideration, revenue is not recorded until it is highly probable that there will not be a 
significant  reversal  of  cumulative  revenue  to  date,  in  accordance  with  the  Company’s  revenue  recognition 
accounting  policy.  As  a  result,  earnings  may  fluctuate  significantly  from  quarter-to-quarter,  depending  on 
whether large and/or complex contracts are completed or nearing completion during the quarter, or have been 
completed in a prior quarter, and may fluctuate based on timing of resolution of claims. 

There are also several other factors that can affect the Company’s revenues and profit from quarter-to-quarter. 
These  include  the  timing  of  contract  awards,  the  value  of  subcontractor  billings  and  project  scheduling. 
Management does not believe that any individual factor is responsible for changes in revenue from quarter-to-
quarter, except for seasonality in the first quarter of each year. 

(in thousands of Canadian dollars, except per share amounts)

2017(1)

2018

Q1

Q2

Q3

Q4

Q1

Q2

Q3

Q4

Revenue

Net income/ (loss)

Earnings / (loss) per share

313,858

350,339

388,808

365,552

294,422

320,126

381,382

385,854

(2,216)

(0.05)

3,168

0.07

5,894

0.14

1,990

0.05

(6,408)

(0.15)

(5,344)

(0.13)

4,360

0.10

6,379

0.15

Notes:  
(1)  2017 reported figures have been restated applying IFRS 15. See "Accounting Policies - New Accounting Standards Adopted". 

FINANCIAL CONDITION, CAPITAL RESOURCES AND LIQUIDITY 

The following table presents a summary of the Company’s financial condition for the periods indicated. 

(in thousands of Canadian dollars)

Financial Position Data
Cash and cash equivalents
Non-cash working capital
Working capital

Non-current loans and borrowings
Shareholders' equity

$

$

2018

158,920
(88,705)
70,215

24,753
136,229

2017
 (restated)

133,055
(48,977)
84,078

13,843
153,816

The Company has adequate amounts of both working capital and equity and expects to be able to maintain its 
current dividend rate until earnings are rebuilt to pre-2017 levels, anticipated to result from progress executing 
the Company’s diversification strategy. As a component of working capital, the Company maintains a balance 
of cash and cash equivalents. At December 31, 2018, this balance amounted to $158.9 million. Included in cash 
and cash equivalents is $43.2 million of cash in special purpose joint operation bank accounts ($46.2 million at 
December 31, 2017). 

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Management’s Discussion and Analysis 

The non-cash net current asset/liability position was in a net liability position of $88.7 million at December 31, 
2018,  compared  to  a  net  liability  position  of  $49.0  million  at  December  31,  2017.    This  increase  in  the  net 
liability position positively contributed $39.7 million of cash in the year as did an increase to non-current loans 
and borrowings of $10.9 million.  Partially offsetting this increase in cash was a use of cash through recording 
a net loss of $1.0 million, payment of dividends of $16.6 million, an increase in equipment and intangible assets 
of $4.9 million, and a $3.3 million increase in deferred taxes.  The above changes are the primary drivers for 
the net increase in cash and cash equivalents of $25.9 million in 2018.  

The non-cash net current asset/liability position fluctuates significantly in the normal course of business from 
period  to  period,  primarily  due  to  the  timing  of  differences  between  the  settlement  of  payables  due  to 
subcontractors  and  suppliers,  billings  and  collection  of  receivables  from  clients,  and  the  timing  in  the 
settlement of income taxes payable. The Company’s cash balances absorb these fluctuations with no net impact 
to  the  Company’s  net  working  capital  position  or  ability  to  access  contract  surety  support.  The  Company 
believes  it  has  sufficient  working  capital  to  support  its  current  contract  requirements.  The  Company  has 
submitted  proposals  and  is  waiting  for  the  clients’  award  decision  on  several  large  opportunities  that  if 
contracted to the Company would significantly increase Backlog.  If the Company is successful in securing some 
of these larger opportunities, the Company has access to adequate financing from its lead banking partner.   

Credit Facilities 

The Company has a number of credit facilities available to access in order to support the issuance of letters of 
credit, finance future capital expenditures and finance the day-to-day operations of the business. 

Operating Lines of Credit 

Committed revolving line of credit: 

The Company has a committed revolving credit facility of up to $85.0 million, with a Canadian chartered bank. 
The term of the facility matures December 31, 2021. This facility may be used in the normal course of business 
for general working capital purposes, to issue non-collateralized letters of credit, and to fund future capital 
expenditures and qualifying permitted acquisitions. At December 31, 2018, the Company has $24.3 million in 
letters of credit outstanding (December 31, 2017 - $26.4 million) and has drawn $15.0 million on this facility 
(December 31, 2017 - $5.0 million). The $15.0 million draw is presented as long-term loans and borrowings on 
the Company’s statement of financial position as the facility matures in 2021. The Company is in compliance 
with the working capital, minimum equity and debt-to-equity covenants of this facility. 

Committed revolving term loan facility: 

The Company has a committed revolving term loan facility totalling $35.0 million for the purpose of financing 
acquisitions and for working capital advances in support of major projects. The facility matures on December 
31, 2020. As of December 31, 2018, the Company has drawn $nil (December 31, 2017 - n/a) on the facility. 
Borrowings under the facility bear interest at a rate per annum equal to the Canadian prime rate plus a spread. 
A commitment fee that varies depending on certain consolidated financial ratios is due on the unutilized portion 
of the facility.  

Letters of Credit Facilities 

The Company has available $80.0 million of demand facilities used to primarily support the issuance of letters 
of  credit.  All  letters  of  credit  issued  under  these  facilities  are  supported  by  the  pledge  of  Company-owned 
financial instruments, including cash. At December 31, 2018, the Company has $8.5 million in letters of credit 
outstanding on this facility (December 31, 2017 - $25.1 million).  

The Company has available a facility with Export Development Canada (EDC) to support the issuance of contract 
performance security letters of credit issued by financial institutions on behalf of the Company. The Company 
can use this facility only when letters of credit have been issued as contract security for projects that meet 
the EDC mandate to provide financial support for Canadian exports abroad.  

Page 17 

 
 
Management’s Discussion and Analysis 

Letters of credit are typically issued to support the  Company’s performance obligations relating to PPP  and 
other major construction projects. The following table outlines the amount of the credit facilities, the amount 
of issued letters of credit and the amount of collateral pledged in support of the outstanding letters of credit. 

(in thousands of Canadian dollars)

December 31, 2018

December 31, 2017

Committed revolving operating credit facility

Letters of credit issued from Committed revolving operating credit facility

Committed revolving term loan facility

Letters of credit facilities

Letters of credit issued from Letters of credit facilities

Collateral pledged to support letters of credit

Guarantees provided by EDC

$

$

$

$

$

$

$

85,000

24,291

35,000

80,000

8,468

2,645

5,948

$

$

$

$

$

$

$

70,000

26,446

-

105,000

25,060

20,253

4,891

The decrease in the amount of outstanding letters of credit at the end of December 31, 2018 compared to the 
end of 2017 is primarily the result of the cancellation of letters of credit that were issued in respect to the 
Calgary Composting Facility project and reductions in the collateralized letters of credit issued related to the 
East Rail Maintenance Facility and the Stanton Territorial Hospital Redevelopment Project.  

Equipment Financing 

The  Company  and  its  subsidiaries  have  term  credit  facilities  of  up  to  $45.0  million  to  be  used  to  finance 
equipment purchases. Borrowings under the facilities are secured with a first charge on the equipment being 
financed. As of December 31, 2018, there is $6.7 million outstanding on the facilities (December 31, 2017 - 
$5.8 million). Interest on the facilities can be charged at a fixed rate based on the Bank of Canada bond rate 
plus a spread. Interest is paid monthly in arrears. 

In addition, subsidiaries of the Company have equipment acquisition lines of credit for $32.5 million (December 
31, 2017 - $42.5 million) with the financing arms of several major heavy equipment suppliers to finance the 
purchase of equipment. Draws under this facility are typically recognized as finance leases or operating leases 
for accounting purposes. At December 31, 2018, the Company has used $6.6 million under the facilities ($6.0 
million  at  December  31,  2017).  The  Company’s  total  lease  commitments  are  outlined  under  Contractual 
Obligations. 

At December 31, 2018, the Company was in compliance with all debt covenants relating to its operating and 
equipment lines of credit.  

Loans and Borrowings 

In 2018, the Company entered into new fixed-rate term loans for $4.2 million, a variable loan borrowing of 
$10.0 million and entered into finance leases for $3.9 million to finance equipment purchases. The Company 
made $6.7 million in principal repayments (including finance lease repayments). 

The following table provides details of outstanding debt as at December 31, 2018, and principal repayments 
due  over  the  next  five  years,  excluding  the  amortization  of  debt  financing  costs  and  non-recourse  project 
financing.  

(in thousands of Canadian dollars)

Amount

Year 1

Year 2

Year 3

Year 4

Year 5

Long-term debt

Finance leases

$

$

21,198

8,759

$

$

2,151

3,059

$

$

1,857

3,129

$

$

16,292

2,299

$

$

820

269

$

$

78

3

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Management’s Discussion and Analysis 

Cash Flow Data 

The following table provides an overview of cash flows during the periods indicated:  

(in thousands of Canadian dollars)

Cash Flow Data
Cash flows from (used in) operations before changes in 
non-cash working capital
Changes in contract assets - alternative finance 
projects
Changes in non-cash working capital and other
Cash flows from (used in) operating activities

Investments in equity accounted entities
Capital distributions from equity accounted entities
Additions to property, equipment and intangible assets
Proceeds on sale of property and equipment
Purchase of short-term investments
Proceeds on maturity of short-term investments
Other long-term assets
Cash flows from (used in) investing activities

Dividends paid on shares
Proceeds from non-recourse project financing
Repayment of non-recourse project financing
Proceeds from loans and borrowings
Repayment of loans and borrowings
Cash flows from (used in) financing activities

(unaudited) 
Quarter ended December 31,
2017
 (restated)

2018

Year ended December 31,
2017
 (restated)

2018

$

10,977

$

7,902

$

12,185

$

26,938

(2,384)
77,389
85,982

(2,270)
280
(2,065)
314
-
-
(652)
(4,393)

(4,145)
3,260
-
571
(1,414)
(1,728)

(6,956)
31,695
32,641

(1,608)
803
(2,106)
183
(179)
6,711
(1,972)
1,832

(4,145)
7,529
-
179
(1,486)
2,077

66,825
22,431
101,441

(7,508)
(110,551)
(91,121)

(4,020)
1,873
(14,613)
3,235
(4,742)
3,107
(861)
(16,021)

(16,582)
24,734
(76,474)
14,242
(6,734)
(60,814)

(12,144)
803
(14,572)
7,366
(6,943)
6,711
(2,312)
(21,091)

(17,891)
32,407
(27,662)
1,965
(4,222)
(15,403)

Increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents

$

79,861

$

36,550

$

24,606

$

(127,615)

Operating Activities 

During 2018, cash flows from operating activities generated cash of $101.4 million compared with cash used of 
$91.1 million in 2017. In 2018, operating activities generated $12.2 million of cash before changes in non-cash 
working capital and generated $22.4 million of cash derived from changes in non-cash working capital relating 
to  operating  activities,  excluding  changes  in  contract  assets  –  alternative  finance  projects.  In  2017,  the 
comparative amounts were $26.9 million of cash generated from operations before changes in non-cash working 
capital and $110.6 million cash used from changes in non-cash working capital relating to operating activities 
excluding changes in contract assets – alternative finance projects.  

The year-over-year decrease in cash flows from operations before changes in non-cash working capital from 
2017 is primarily the result of the $1.0 million net loss in 2018 compared to $8.8 million net income in 2017 
and the change in income tax recovery of $1.7 million in 2018 from an income tax expense of $4.2 million in 
2017.  

In 2018, the $22.4 million increase in cash from changes in non-cash working capital and other is driven by a 
$18.9 million decrease in accounts receivable and a $6.6 million decrease in contract assets partially offset by 
a $2.4 million decrease in contract liabilities. 

In 2017, the primary driver of the $110.6 million use of cash from the changes in non-cash working capital and 
other is the $63.2 million decrease of accounts payable.  The decrease is primarily the result of payments made 

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Management’s Discussion and Analysis 

to subcontractors in January of 2017 following the collection late in the fourth quarter of 2016 of a holdback 
receivable. There was also $20.9 million of taxes paid, a $19.2 million decrease in contract liabilities and a 
$20.3 million increase in other contract assets, only partially offset by a $17.3 million reduction to accounts 
receivable.  

Proceeds  and  repayments  of  the  non-recourse  debt  relating  to  alternative  finance  projects  are  included  in 
financing activities.  

Investing Activities 

During 2018, the Company used $16.0 million of cash in investing activities compared to the $21.1 million use 
of cash in 2017. The amount of cash used to purchase property, equipment and intangible assets in 2018 of 
$14.6 million was the same as that used in 2017. The main difference is that year-over-year is that in 2018, the 
Company used $2.1 million in cash from investments in equity accounted entities, net of capital distributions, 
compared to a use of cash of $11.3 million in 2017 which was driven by a combination of investments in PPP 
projects and investment in the Stack Modular companies in 2017.  

Financing Activities 

During 2018, the Company used $60.8 million of cash from financing activities compared with a use of cash of 
$15.4 million in 2017. The increase in the use of cash in financing activities in the current year is primarily a 
result  of  the  $76.5  million  repayment  of  non-recourse  project  financing  related  to  the  Moncton  Downtown 
Centre made in the third quarter of 2018 compared to a $27.7 million repayment in the second quarter of 2017 
related  to  the  Casey  House  project.  The  $76.5  million  repayment  in  2018  was  partially  offset  by  the  $24.7 
million in proceeds from non-recourse project financing. In addition, the amount of dividends paid were $1.3 
million less than 2017 and net loans and borrowings generated additional cash of $9.8 million in 2018.  

DIVIDENDS 

The Company declared monthly eligible dividends on common shares payable on or about the 20th of the month 
following the month in which the dividend was declared. The following table outlines the dividend history:  

January 1, 2017 to March 31, 2017
April 1, 2017 to June 30, 2017
July 1, 2017 to September 30, 2017
October 1, 2017 to December 31, 2017
January 1, 2018 to March 31, 2018
April 1, 2018 to June 30, 2018
July 1, 2018 to September 30, 2018
October 1, 2018 to December 31, 2018

$   
$   
$   
$   
$   
$   
$   
$  

0.0975
0.0975
0.0975
0.0975
0.0975
0.0975
0.0975
0.0975

CAPABILITY TO DELIVER RESULTS 

Productive capacity relates to the financial and non-financial resources available to the Company to execute 
its strategy and achieve planned results. From a financial perspective, the Company believes it has sufficient 
working capital and access to operating lines of credit to execute its current operational and growth forecast. 
The belief is fully explained in sections of this MD&A dealing with financial condition and liquidity. 

In addition to financial capacity, the success of the Company is dependent upon the management and leadership 
skills of senior management. On an annual basis, high-performing candidates  are identified for training  and 
progression into more senior positions within the Company. The Company’s performance management system 
emphasizes  the  development  of  leadership  skills.  In  addition,  the  Company  sponsors  internal  and  external 
training programs, including the Bird Leadership Academy, the Bird Site Management program and the Taking 
Flight  management  training  program,  to  provide  a  forum  for  high-potential  candidates  to  develop  their 
leadership skills.  

Page 20 

 
 
 
Management’s Discussion and Analysis 

CONTRACTUAL OBLIGATIONS 

At  December  31,  2018,  the  Company  has  future  contractual  obligations  of  $459.5  million.  Obligations  for 
accounts  payable,  finance  and  operating  annual  lease  payments  and  for  principal  repayments,  including 
interest, under long-term debt over the next five years are: 

(in thousands of Canadian dollars)

Accounts 
Payable

Long-Term 
Debt

Finance 
Leases

Operating 
Leases

Non-
recourse 
Project 
Financing

Deferred 
payment

2019
2020
2021
2022
2023
Thereafter

$

$

371,283
11,518
807
-
-
-

383,608

2,310
16,942
1,341
835
78

-
21,506

3,247
3,242
2,338
274
3

-
9,104

5,115
4,774
4,055
3,679
3,232
10,780
31,635

347
12,553
-
-
-
-
12,900

786
-
-
-
-
-
786

Total

383,088
49,029
8,541
4,788
3,313
10,780
459,539

OFF BALANCE SHEET ARRANGEMENTS  

The Company has operating lease obligations described under Contractual Obligations noted above and surety 
lien bonds issued on behalf of the Company valued at $43.3 million at December 31, 2018.  

Further  details  of  commitments  and  contingencies  are  included  in  Note  24  of  the  December  31,  2018 
consolidated financial statements. 

CRITICAL ACCOUNTING ESTIMATES 

The preparation of financial statements requires management to make judgements, estimates and assumptions 
that  affect  the  application  of  accounting  policies  and  the  reported  amounts  of  revenues,  expenses,  assets, 
liabilities and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the reporting date. Uncertainty about these 
assumptions and estimates could result in a material adjustment to the carrying amount of an asset or liability 
and/or the reported amount of revenue and expense in future periods. Estimates and underlying assumptions 
are reviewed on an ongoing basis. Revisions to accounting estimates are recognized in the period in which the 
estimates are revised and any future periods affected. 

Revenue and gross profit recognition 

Construction  revenue, construction costs,  deferred  revenue and contract assets are based on estimates  and 
judgements used in determining contract revenue and contract costs to determine the stage of completion for 
a particular construction project, depending on the nature of the construction project, as more fully described 
in  the  revenue  recognition  policy  included  in  the  notes  to  the  Company’s  annual  financial  statements.  To 
determine the estimated costs to complete construction projects, assumptions and estimates are required to 
evaluate issues related to schedule, material and labour costs, labour productivity, changes in contract scope 
and  subcontractor  costs.  Due  to  the  nature  of  construction,  estimates  can  change  significantly  from  one 
accounting period to the next. 

The value of many construction contracts increases over the duration of the construction period. Change orders 
may be issued by our clients to modify the original contract scope of work or conditions. In addition, there may 
be  disputes  or  claims  regarding  additional  amounts  owing  as  a  result  of  changes  in  contract  scope,  delays, 
additional work or changed conditions. Construction work related to a change order or claim may proceed and 
costs may be incurred in  advance of final  determination of the value of the  change order. As many change 
orders and claims may not be settled until the end of the construction project, significant increases or decreases 

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Management’s Discussion and Analysis 

in revenue and income may arise during any particular accounting period, applying the new revenue recognition 
policy under IFRS 15.  

Provisions 

Provisions involve the use of estimates, as determined by management. Estimates and assumptions are required 
to determine when to record and measure a provision in the financial statements for legal and warranty claims. 
The outcomes can differ significantly from the estimates used in preparing the financial statements resulting 
in required adjustments to expenses and liabilities.  

Asset impairments 

Impairment testing is performed annually or earlier, if a triggering event occurs, for indefinite-lived intangible 
assets and goodwill resulting from business combinations, by comparing the recoverable amount of the cash 
generating  unit  (“CGU”),  or  groups  of  CGUs  to  its  carrying  amount.  The  recoverable  amount  of  the  CGU  is 
determined based on a value in use calculation. There is significant amount of uncertainty with respect to the 
estimates of recoverable amounts of the CGUs’ assets given the necessity of making key economic projections 
which employ the following key assumptions: future cash flows, growth opportunities, including economic risk 
assumptions, estimates of achieving key operating metrics and the discount rate.  

OUTSTANDING COMMON SHARE DATA AND STOCK EXCHANGE LISTING 

The  Company  is  authorized  to  issue  an  unlimited  number  of  common  shares.  The  Company  had  a  total  of 
42,516,853 common shares outstanding at December 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017. 

At December 31, 2018, 490,000 stock options are outstanding with a weighted average exercise price of $13.55 
per common share. With the approval of the Equity Incentive Plan (EIP) in May 2017, the Board of Directors has 
resolved to suspend the stock option plan. All outstanding options will continue to vest in accordance with the 
term of the option and the vesting periods. 

The common shares are listed on the Toronto Stock Exchange (“TSX”) under the trading symbol BDT. 

CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES 

Disclosure Controls and Procedures 

Based on their evaluations as of December 31, 2018, the President and Chief Executive Officer (“CEO”) and the 
Chief  Financial  Officer  (“CFO”)  have  concluded  that  the  Company’s  disclosure  controls  and  procedures  are 
effective in providing reasonable assurance that information relating to the Company which is required to be 
disclosed in reports filed under provincial and territorial securities legislation is accumulated, summarized and 
communicated  to  the  Company’s  senior  management,  including  the  CEO  and  the  CFO  of  the  Company,  as 
appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. 

Internal Control over Financial Reporting 

The  Company’s  management  is  responsible  for  designing  and  maintaining  adequate  internal  control  over 
financial reporting for the Company. All internal control systems, no matter how well designed, have inherent 
limitations; therefore, even those systems determined to be effective can provide only reasonable assurance 
with respect to financial statement preparation and presentation. 

As of December 31, 2018, under the supervision of and with the participation of management, including the 
CEO and CFO, internal controls over financial reporting have been designed to provide reasonable assurance 
regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of the consolidated financial statements for 
external purposes in accordance with IFRS. 

Page 22 

 
 
 
Management’s Discussion and Analysis 

As of December 31, 2018, under the supervision of and with the participation of management, including the 
CEO and CFO, the Company has evaluated the effectiveness of internal controls over financial reporting and 
determined that the internal controls over financial reporting are operating as intended. 

There have been no material changes in the Company’s internal control over financial reporting during the year 
ended December 31, 2018 that materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company’s 
internal control over financial reporting.  

RISKS RELATING TO THE BUSINESS 

The  following  discussion  addresses  the  more  significant  risk  factors  relating  to  the  business.  For  a  detailed 
discussion  of  all  risk  factors  relating  to  the  business,  refer  to  the  Company’s  most  recently  filed  Annual 
Information Form dated March 12, 2019, which is available through the System for Electronic Document Analysis 
and Retrieval (SEDAR) at www.sedar.com. 

Ability to Hire and Retain Qualified and Capable Personnel 

The  success  of  Bird  is  highly  influenced  by  the  efforts  of  key  management,  technical,  project  and  business 
development personnel.  The loss of the services of any of Bird’s key management personnel could negatively 
impact Bird.  The future success of Bird also depends heavily on its ability to attract, retain and develop high-
performing personnel in all areas of its operations.  

Most  firms  throughout  the  construction  industry  face  this  challenge  and,  accordingly,  competition  for 
professional staff is intense.  If Bird ceases to be seen by current and prospective employees as an attractive 
place to work, it could experience difficulty in hiring and retaining an adequate level of qualified staff.  This 
could have an adverse effect on current operations of Bird and would limit its prospects and impair its future 
success. 

Economy and Cyclicality 

Activity  within  the  construction  industry  is  generally  tied  to  the  state  of  the  economy.    Thus,  in  periods  of 
strong economic growth,  capital spending will generally increase and there will be more and better  quality 
opportunities available within the construction industry.  Investment decisions by our clients are based on long-
term views of the economic viability of their current and future projects, sometimes based upon the clients’ 
view of the long-term prices of commodities which are influenced by many factors.  If our clients’ outlook for 
their  current  and  future  projects  is  not  favourable,  this  may  lead  them  to  delay,  reduce  or  cancel  capital 
project  spending  and  may  make  them  more  sensitive  to  construction  costs.    A  prolonged  downturn  in  the 
economy  could  impact  Bird’s  ability  to  generate  new  business  or  maintain  a  backlog  of  contracts  with 
acceptable margins to sustain Bird through such downturns. 

As noted above, Bird attempts to insulate itself in various ways from the effects of negative economic conditions 
through diversification of the sources of the Company’s earnings; however, there is no assurance that these 
methods  will  be  effective  in  insulating  Bird  from  a  downturn  in  the  economy.    Furthermore,  as  a  result  of 
increased demand in certain regions or industry sectors, the Company has, in the past, earned above-average 
margins on particular projects.  There is also no assurance that above-average margins that may have been 
generated on historical contracts can be generated in the future.   

The Company has a 50% interest in Stack. which is based in China.  There is uncertainty around how the recent 
geopolitical tensions between China and Canada may affect the Company’s investment.  

PPP Project Risk 

Bird is active in the PPP market. Bird’s role in these projects is typically to provide design-build services to a 
concession that is formed to provide design, construction, financing, and management and/or operations to a 
public  authority.    Typical  in  the  design-build  contract  format  are  performance  guarantees  and  design-build 
risks.    Moreover,  the  performance  guarantees  on  PPP  projects  often  include  responsibility  for  the  energy 

Page 23 

 
 
Management’s Discussion and Analysis 

performance of the facility and achievement of environmental standards.  If Bird fails to meet the required 
standards, it may be liable for substantial penalties and damages.  

The  PPP  design-build  contracts  entered  into  by  Bird  also  typically  require  Bird  to  pay  significant  liquidated 
damages and/or other penalties and damages if the projects are not completed on schedule.    

The PPP procurement model also typically results in the transfer of certain risks to the contractor beyond what 
would  be the  case for a similar facility under a conventionally  non-PPP procurement model.  These include 
responsibility and potential liability for matters such as changes in law and certain force majeure and delay 
events.  In addition, if Bird’s contract was terminated for cause, the Company would be exposed to substantial 
liability for breakage costs to the concession and its lenders.  

The  security  required  to  support  the  obligations  that  the  Company  undertakes  on  these  projects  typically 
includes  substantial  letters  of  credit  which  may  be  drawn  upon  in  the  event  the  Company  fails  to  meet  its 
obligations.  

Design Risks 

While many contracts entered into by Bird are for construction or construction services only, certain contracts 
are undertaken on a design-build basis, under which Bird is responsible for both design and construction of the 
project, which adds design risk assumed by Bird.  While Bird subcontracts all of the design scope in such design-
build contracts to reputable designers, there is generally not a full transfer of design-related risks.  These risks 
include design development and potential resulting scope creep, delays in the design process that may adversely 
affect the overall project schedule, and design errors and omissions.  

To manage these risks, Bird manages and oversees the design process, coordinates the design deliverables with 
the construction process and, for significant design-build projects, purchases errors and omissions insurance.   

Ability to Secure Work 

Bird generally secures new contracts either through a competitive bid process or through negotiation. Awards 
in both the public and private sectors are generally based upon price, but are also influenced and sometimes 
formally based on other factors, such as the level of services offered, safety record, construction schedule, 
design  (if  applicable),  project  personnel,  the  consortium,  joint  venture  and  subcontractor  team,  prior 
experience with the prospective client and/or the type of project, and financial strength including the ability 
to provide bonds and other contract security.  

In order to be afforded an opportunity to bid for large projects and in the PPP market, a strong balance sheet 
measured in terms of an adequate level of working capital and equity is typically required. Bird operates in 
markets  that  are  highly  competitive  and  there  is  constant  pressure  to  find  and  maintain  a  competitive 
advantage. In the current economic climate, competition is intense.  This presents significant challenges for 
the  Company.  If  those  competitive  challenges  are  not  met,  Bird’s  client  base  could  be  eroded  or  it  could 
experience an overall reduction in profits. 

A decline in demand for Bird’s services from the private sector could have an adverse impact on the Company 
if that business could not be replaced within the public sector.  A portion of Bird’s construction activity relates 
to government-funded institutional projects.  Any reduction in demand for Bird’s services by the public sector, 
whether as a result of funding constraints, changing political priorities or delays in projects caused by elections 
or other factors, could have an adverse impact on the Company if that business could not be replaced within 
the private sector.  

Government-funded projects also typically have long and sometimes unpredictable lead times associated with 
government review and approval.  The time delays associated with this process can constitute a risk to general 
contractors  pursuing  these  projects.    Certain  government-funded  projects,  particularly  PPP  and  alternative 
finance projects, may also require significant bid costs which can only be recovered if Bird is the successful 
bidder.  A number of governments in Canada have procured a significant value of projects under a PPP and/or 
alternative  finance  contract  format,  which  is  an  attractive  market  for  the  Company.    A  reduction  in  the 

Page 24 

 
 
Management’s Discussion and Analysis 

popularity  of  this  procurement  method  or  difficulties  in  obtaining  financing  for  these  projects  would  have 
negative consequences for Bird. 

Performance of Subcontractors 

Successful  completion  of  a  contract  by  Bird  depends,  in  large  part,  on  the  satisfactory  performance  of  its 
subcontractors who are engaged to complete the various components of the work.  Subcontractor defaults tend 
to increase during depressed market conditions.  If subcontractors fail to satisfactorily perform their portion of 
the  work,  Bird  may  be  required  to  engage  alternate  subcontractors  to  complete  the  work  and  may  incur 
additional costs.  This can result in reduced profits or, in some cases, significant losses on the contract and 
possible damage to Bird’s reputation.  

In  addition,  the  ability  of  Bird  to  bid  for  and  successfully  complete  projects  is,  in  part,  dependent  on  the 
availability of qualified subcontractors and trades people.  Depending on the value of a subcontractor’s work, 
Bird  may  require  some  form  of  performance  security  and  achieves  this  through  the  use  of  surety  bonds, 
subcontractor default insurance or other forms of security from the subcontractor to mitigate Bird’s exposure 
to the risks associated with the subcontractor’s performance and completion. A significant shortage of qualified 
subcontractors and trades people or the bankruptcy of a subcontractor could have a material impact on Bird’s 
financial condition and results of operations. 

Competitive Factors 

Bird  competes  with  many  international,  national,  regional  and  local  construction  firms.    Competitors  often 
enjoy advantages in a particular market that Bird does not have or they may have more experience or a better 
relationship with a particular client.  On any given contract bid or negotiation, Bird will attempt to assess the 
level of competitive pressure it may face and it will attempt to neutralize or overcome any perceived advantage 
that its competitors have. Depending on this assessment, Bird will decide whether or not to pursue a contract.  
In addition, this assessment bears directly on decisions that Bird will make, including what level of profit can 
be incorporated into its contract price and what personnel should be assigned to the contract.  The accuracy 
of this assessment and the ability of Bird to respond to competitive factors affect Bird’s success in securing 
new contracts and its profitability on contracts that it does secure. 

Estimating Costs and Schedules/Assessing Contract Risks 

The  price  for  most  contracts  performed  by  Bird  is  based,  in  part,  on  cost  and  schedule  estimates  that  are 
subject  to  a  number  of  assumptions.    Erroneous  assumptions  can  result  in  an  incorrect  assessment  of  risks 
associated with a contract or estimates of project costs and schedules that are in error, potentially resulting 
in lower than anticipated profit or significant loss.  All significant cost and schedule estimates are reviewed by 
senior management prior to tender submission in an attempt to mitigate these risks. 

Maintaining Safe Work Sites 

Despite the Company’s efforts to minimize the risk of safety incidents, they can occur from time to time and, 
if  and  when  they  do,  the  impact  on  Bird  can  be  significant.  Bird’s  success  as  a  general  contractor  is  highly 
dependent on its ability to keep its construction work sites and offices safe and any failure to do so can have 
serious impact on the personal safety of its employees and others.  In addition, it can expose Bird to contract 
termination, fines, regulatory sanctions or even criminal prosecution.  

Bird’s  safety  record  and  worksite  safety  practices  also  have  a  direct  bearing  on  its  ability  to  secure  work, 
particularly in the industrial sector. Certain clients will not engage particular contractors to perform work if 
their  safety  practices  do  not  conform  to  predetermined  standards  or  if  the  general  contractor  has  an 
unacceptably high incidence of safety infractions or incidents.  

Bird adheres to very rigorous safety policies and procedures which are continually reinforced on its work sites 
and  offices.  Management  is  not  aware  of  any  pending  health  and  safety  legislation  or  prior  incidents  which 
would be likely to have a material impact on any of Bird’s operations, capital expenditure requirements, or 

Page 25 

 
 
Management’s Discussion and Analysis 

competitive position.  Nevertheless, there can be no guarantee with respect to the impact of future legislation 
or incidents. 

Accuracy of Cost to Complete Estimates 

As  Bird  performs  each  construction  contract,  costs  are  continuously  monitored  against  the  original  cost 
estimates. On at least a quarterly basis, a detailed estimate of the costs to complete a contract is compiled by 
Bird. These estimates are an integral part of Bird’s process for determining construction revenues and profits 
and depend on cost data collected over the duration of the project as well as the judgments of Bird’s field and 
office personnel. To the extent that the costs to complete estimates are based on inaccurate or incomplete 
information,  or  on  faulty  judgments,  the  accuracy  of  reported  construction  revenues  and  profits  can  be 
compromised. Bird has adopted many internal control policies and procedures aimed at mitigating exposure to 
this risk. 

Work Stoppages, Strikes and Lockouts 

Bird  is  signatory  to  a  number  of  collective  bargaining  agreements.  Future  negotiation  of  these  collective 
bargaining  agreements  could  increase  Bird’s  operating  expenses  and  reduce  profits  as  a  result  of  increased 
wages and benefits. Failure to come to an agreement in these collective bargaining negotiations or those of its 
subcontractors and suppliers or government agencies could result in strikes, work stoppages, lockouts or other 
work action, and increased costs resulting from delays on construction projects. A strike or other work stoppage 
is disruptive to Bird’s operations and could adversely affect portions of its business, financial position, results 
of operations and cash flows. 

Adjustments and Cancellations of Backlog 

The  performance  of  the  Company  in  a  period  depends  significantly  on  the  contribution  from  projects  in  its 
backlog. There can be no assurance that the revenues or profits included in backlog at any point in time will 
be realized. Contract suspensions, reductions and cancellations, which are beyond the control of Bird, do occur 
from time-to-time in the construction industry. Customers may have the right to suspend, cancel or reduce the 
scope of their contracts with Bird and, though Bird generally has a contractual right to be reimbursed for certain 
costs, it typically has no contractual rights to the total revenue or profit that was expected to be derived from 
such projects. These reductions could have a material adverse impact on future revenues and profitability. 

TERMINOLOGY 

Throughout this report, management uses the following terms not found in GAAP Standards and which do not 
have a standardized meaning. Therefore, these terms may not be comparable with similar terms presented by 
other companies and require definition:  

(cid:120) 

(cid:120) 

(cid:120) 

(cid:120) 

“Adjusted  Net  Income”  is  the  net  income  for  the  Company  adding  back  any  impairment  of  property, 
equipment and intangible, and the associated tax impact of the impairment. 

“Adjusted  Net  Income  Per  Share”  is  the  Adjusted  Net  Income  divided  by  the  number  of  outstanding 
common shares. 

"Gross Profit Percentage" is the percentage derived by dividing gross profit by construction revenue. Gross 
profit is calculated by subtracting construction costs from construction revenue. 

"Backlog" (also referred to in the construction industry as "work on hand") is the total value of all contracts 
awarded to the Company, less the total value of work completed on these contracts as of the date of the 
most  recently  completed  quarter.  This  includes  all  contracts  that  have  been  awarded  to  the  Company 
whether the work has commenced or will commence in the normal course. It includes all of the Company’s 
remaining performance obligations in its contracts with its clients. It does not include amounts for variable 
consideration that are constrained, agency relationship construction management projects, and estimated 
future work orders to be performed as part of master services agreements. 

Page 26 

 
 
 
 
 
Management’s Discussion and Analysis 

(cid:120) 

"Lost Time Incident Frequency" is the number of lost time incidents recorded per 200,000 manhours of 
work by Bird employees. 

FORWARD-LOOKING INFORMATION 

Certain  statements  included  herein  which  express  management's  expectations  or  estimates  of  future 
performance  may  constitute  "forward-looking  information".  The  words  "believe",  "expect",  "anticipate", 
"contemplate", "target", "plan", "intends", and similar expressions identify forward-looking information. 

Forward-looking  information  is  necessarily  based  upon  a  number  of  estimates  and  assumptions  that,  while 
considered  reasonable  by  management,  are  inherently  subject  to  significant  business,  economic  and 
competitive  uncertainties  and  contingencies.  In  particular,  this  MD&A  includes  many  such  forward-looking 
information and the Company cautions the  reader that such forward-looking information involve known and 
unknown  risks,  uncertainties  and  other  factors  that  may  cause  the  actual  financial  results,  performance  or 
achievements  of  the  Company  to  be  materially  different  from  the  Company’s  estimated  future  results, 
performance  or  achievements  expressed  or  implied  by  those  forward-looking  information  and  the  forward-
looking  information  is  not  a  guarantee  of  future  performance.  Risks  that  may  impact  the  Company's  future 
results,  performance or achievements include those  described under "Risks Relating to the Business” in this 
MD&A and in the Company's Annual Information Form dated March 12, 2019 filed and available on SEDAR. The 
Company expressly disclaims any intention or obligation to update or revise any forward-looking information 
whether as a result of new information, events or otherwise.  

Page 27 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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Report to Shareholders 

Management’s Responsibility for Financial Reporting 

The management of Bird Construction Inc. (“Company”) is responsible for the preparation and integrity of 
the consolidated financial statements contained in the Annual Report. These consolidated financial statements 
have been prepared in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards (“IFRS”) and necessarily 
include some amounts that are based on management’s best estimates and judgment. Financial information 
contained throughout this Annual Report is consistent with the financial statements. 

Management  maintains  appropriate  systems  of  internal  control.  Policies  and  procedures  are  designed  to 
provide reasonable assurance that transactions are properly authorized, assets are safeguarded and financial 
records are properly maintained to provide reliable information for the preparation of financial statements. 

The Board of Directors has reviewed and approved the consolidated financial statements. The Board fulfills 
its responsibility in this regard through its Audit Committee which meets regularly with management and the 
Company’s external auditors. 

Paul A. Charette 

Wayne R. Gingrich 

Chairman of the Board of Directors 

Chief Financial Officer 

Page 28 

 
 
 
   
Independent Auditors’ Report 

To the Shareholders of Bird Construction Inc. 

Opinion 

We have audited the consolidated financial statements of Bird Construction Inc. (the Entity), which comprise 
the consolidated statements of financial position as at December 31, 2018, December 31, 2017 and January 1, 
2017, the consolidated statements of income (loss), comprehensive income (loss), changes in equity and cash 
flows for the years ended December 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017, and notes to the financial statements, 
including a summary of significant accounting policies (hereinafter referred to as the “financial statements”).  

In our opinion, the accompanying financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the consolidated 
financial  position  of  the  Entity  as  at  December  31,  2018,  December  31,  2017  and  January  1,  2017,  and  its 
consolidated financial performance and its consolidated cash flows for the years ended December 31, 2018 and 
December 31, 2017 in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS). 

Basis for Opinion 

We  conducted  our  audit  in  accordance  with  Canadian  generally  accepted  auditing  standards.  Our 
responsibilities under those standards are further described in the “Auditors’ Responsibilities for the Audit of 
the Financial Statements” section of our auditors’ report. 

We are independent of the Entity in accordance with the ethical requirements that are relevant to our audit 
of the financial statements in Canada and we have fulfilled our other ethical responsibilities in accordance with 
these requirements. 

We believe that the audit evidence we have obtained is sufficient and appropriate to provide a basis for our 
opinion. 

Emphasis of Matter - Comparative Information 

We draw attention to Note 4 to the financial statements (“Note 4”) which explains that certain comparative 
information presented: 

(cid:120) 

(cid:120) 

for the year ended December 31, 2017 has been restated. 

as at January 1, 2017 has been derived from the financial statements for the year ended December 31, 
2016 which have been restated (not presented herein).  

Note 4 explains the reason for the restatement and also explains the adjustments that were applied to restate 
certain comparative information.  

Our opinion is not modified in respect of this matter.  

Other Information 

Management is responsible for the other information. Other information comprises: 

(cid:120)  Management’s Discussion and Analysis filed with the relevant Canadian Securities Commissions. 

(cid:120) 

information,  other  than  the  financial  statements  and  the  auditors’  report  thereon,  included  in  a 
document likely to be entitled “2018 Annual Report”. 

Our opinion on the financial statements does not cover the other information and we do not and will not express 
any form of assurance conclusion thereon. 

In connection with our audit of the financial statements, our responsibility is to read the other information 
identified above and, in doing so, consider whether the other information is materially inconsistent with the 
financial statements or our knowledge obtained in the audit and remain alert for indications that the other 
information appears to be materially misstated. 

Page 29 

 
 
 
 
Independent Auditors’ Report 

We obtained the Management’s Discussion and Analysis filed with the relevant Canadian Securities Commissions 
as at the date of this auditors’ report. If, based on the work we have performed on this other information, we 
conclude that there is a material misstatement of this other information, we are required to report that fact 
in the auditors’ report. 

We have nothing to report in this regard. 

The information, other than the financial statements and the auditors’ report thereon, included in a document 
likely to be entitled “2018 Annual Report” is expected to be made available to us after the date of this auditors’ 
report. If, based on the work we will perform on this other information, we conclude that there is a material 
misstatement of this other information, we are required to report that fact to those charged with governance.  

Responsibilities of Management and Those Charged with Governance for the Financial Statements 

Management is responsible for the preparation and fair presentation of the financial statements in accordance 
with IFRS, and for such internal control as management determines is necessary to enable the preparation of 
financial statements that are free from material misstatement, whether due to fraud or error. 

In preparing the financial statements, management is responsible for assessing the Entity’s ability to continue 
as a going concern, disclosing as applicable, matters related to going concern and using the going concern basis 
of  accounting  unless  management  either  intends  to  liquidate  the  Entity  or  to  cease  operations,  or  has  no 
realistic alternative but to do so. 

Those charged with governance are responsible for overseeing the Entity‘s financial reporting process. 

Auditors’ Responsibilities for the Audit of the Financial Statements 

Our objectives are to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements as a whole are free 
from material misstatement, whether due to fraud or error, and to issue an auditors’ report that includes our 
opinion. 

Reasonable assurance is a high level of assurance, but is not a guarantee that an audit conducted in accordance 
with Canadian generally accepted auditing standards will always detect a material misstatement when it exists. 

Misstatements can arise from fraud or error and are considered material if, individually or in the aggregate, 
they  could  reasonably  be  expected  to  influence  the  economic  decisions  of  users  taken  on  the  basis  of  the 
financial statements. 

As part of an audit in accordance with Canadian generally accepted auditing standards, we exercise professional 
judgment and maintain professional skepticism throughout the audit. 

We also: 

(cid:120) 

Identify and assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to fraud 
or error, design and perform audit procedures responsive to those risks, and obtain audit evidence that 
is sufficient and appropriate to provide a basis for our opinion. 

The risk of not detecting a material misstatement resulting from fraud is higher than for one resulting 
from  error,  as  fraud  may  involve  collusion,  forgery,  intentional  omissions,  misrepresentations,  or  the 
override of internal control. 

(cid:120)  Obtain an understanding of internal control relevant to the audit in order to design audit procedures that 
are  appropriate  in  the  circumstances,  but  not  for  the  purpose  of  expressing  an  opinion  on  the 
effectiveness of the Entity's internal control. 

Page 30 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Independent Auditors’ Report 

(cid:120)  Evaluate the appropriateness of accounting policies used and the reasonableness of accounting estimates 

and related disclosures made by management. 

(cid:120)  Conclude  on  the  appropriateness  of  management's  use  of  the  going  concern  basis  of  accounting  and, 
based  on  the  audit  evidence  obtained,  whether  a  material  uncertainty  exists  related  to  events  or 
conditions that may cast significant doubt on the Entity's ability to continue as a going concern. If we 
conclude that a material uncertainty exists, we are required to draw attention in our auditors’ report to 
the related disclosures in the financial statements or, if such disclosures are inadequate, to modify our 
opinion. Our conclusions are based on the audit evidence obtained up to the date of our auditors’ report. 
However, future events or conditions may cause the Entity to cease to continue as a going concern. 

(cid:120)  Evaluate  the  overall  presentation,  structure  and  content  of  the  financial  statements,  including  the 
disclosures, and whether the financial statements represent the underlying transactions and events in a 
manner that achieves fair presentation. 

(cid:120)  Communicate with those charged with governance regarding, among other matters, the planned scope 
and timing of the audit and significant audit findings, including any significant deficiencies in internal 
control that we identify during our audit. 

(cid:120)  Provide those charged with governance with a statement that we have complied with relevant ethical 
requirements regarding independence, and communicate with them all relationships and other matters 
that may reasonably be thought to bear on our independence, and where applicable, related safeguards. 

(cid:120)  Obtain  sufficient  appropriate  audit  evidence  regarding  the  financial  information  of  the  entities  or 
business  activities  within  the  Group  Entity  to  express  an  opinion  on  the  financial  statements.  We  are 
responsible  for  the  direction,  supervision  and  performance  of  the  group  audit.  We  remain  solely 
responsible for our audit opinion. 

Signed “KPMG LLP” 

Chartered Professional Accountants 

The engagement partner on the audit resulting in this auditors’ report is Austin Abas. 

Winnipeg, Canada 

March 12, 2019 

Page 31 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Consolidated Statements of Financial Position 
As at December 31, 2018, December 31, 2017 and January 1, 2017 
(in thousands of Canadian dollars) 

ASSETS

Current assets:

Cash
Bankers' acceptances and short-term deposits
Short-term investments
Accounts receivable
Contract assets
Contract assets - alternative finance projects
Inventory
Prepaid expenses 
Income taxes recoverable
Investments held for sale
Other assets

Total current assets

Non-current assets:
Other assets
Property and equipment
Investments in equity accounted entities
Deferred income tax asset
Intangible assets
Goodwill

Total non-current assets

TOTAL ASSETS

LIABILITIES 

Current liabilities:

Accounts payable
Contract liabilities
Dividends payable to shareholders
Income taxes payable
Non-recourse project financing
Current portion of loans and borrowings
Provisions
Other liabilities

Total current liabilities

Non-current liabilities:

Loans and borrowings
Deferred income tax liability
Investments in equity accounted entities
Other liabilities

Total non-current liabilities

SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY
Shareholders' capital
Contributed surplus
Retained earnings
Accumulated other comprehensive income 

Total shareholders' equity

Note

December 31,
2018

December 31,
2017
(restated)

January 1,
2017
(restated)

26
26

8
6
7

10
9

9
11
10
14
12
12

6

7
13
19
15

13
14
10
15

17

$

$

157,151
1,769
1,705
337,663
28,412
7,126
840
2,566
5,559
3,762
-

546,553

6,852
56,226
12,517
10,909
2,575
16,389
105,468

$

114,092
18,963
-
356,528
34,962
73,951
514
2,519
6,041
-
409
607,979

7,577
52,397
12,237
8,615
1,538
16,389
98,753

246,519
15,357
-
373,708
14,617
66,443
567
2,688
9,900
-
-
729,799

3,680
45,517
-
6,737
1,735
16,389
74,058

$

652,021

$

706,732

$

803,857

$

$

383,608
60,003
1,382
3,444
11,824
5,204
8,593
2,280
476,338

24,753
7,355
-
7,346
39,454

42,527
1,956
91,743
3
136,229

$

373,081
62,376
1,382
5,539
63,685
4,755
10,703
2,380
523,901

13,843
8,374
-
6,798
29,015

42,527
1,949
109,338
2
153,816

436,336
81,554
2,691
18,557
59,222
2,765
11,833
1,569
614,527

8,623
13,978
881
4,305
27,787

42,527
1,932
117,084
-
161,543

TOTAL LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY

$

652,021

$

706,732

$

803,857

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

Page 32 

 
 
         
          
           
             
            
             
             
                 
                  
         
          
           
           
            
             
             
            
             
                
                
                 
             
              
              
             
              
              
             
                 
                  
                 
                
                  
         
          
           
             
              
              
           
            
             
           
            
                  
           
              
              
             
              
              
           
            
             
         
            
             
         
          
           
 
         
          
           
           
            
             
             
              
              
             
              
             
           
            
             
             
              
              
             
            
             
             
              
              
         
          
           
           
            
              
             
              
             
                 
                 
                 
             
              
              
           
            
             
           
            
             
             
              
              
           
          
           
                    
                    
                  
         
          
           
         
          
           
Consolidated Statements of Income (Loss) 
For the years ended December 31, 
(in thousands of Canadian dollars, except per share amounts) 

Note

2018

Construction revenue
Costs of construction
Gross profit

Income from equity accounted investments

10

General and administrative expenses

Income from operations

Finance income

Finance and other costs

Income (loss) before income taxes

Income tax expense (recovery)

Net income (loss) for the year

20

21

14

Basic and diluted earnings (loss) per share

18

$

$

$

$

1,381,784
1,324,329
57,455

1,894

(58,933)

416

1,386

(4,476)

(2,674)

(1,661)

(1,013)

$

2017
(restated)

1,418,557
1,347,250
71,307

1,775

(59,307)

13,775

1,298

(1,995)

13,078

4,242

8,836

(0.02)

$

0.21

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

Page 33 

 
 
 
            
              
            
              
                 
                  
                   
                    
                
                 
                      
                  
                   
                    
                  
                   
                  
                  
 
                  
                    
 
                  
                    
                    
                      
Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss) 
For the years ended December 31, 
(in thousands of Canadian dollars) 

Note

2018

2017
(restated)

Net income (loss) for the year
Other comprehensive income (loss) for the year:

Exchange differences on translating equity accounted investments

10

Total of items that may be reclassified to net income in subsequent years

Total other comprehensive income (loss) for the year

$

(1,013)

$

8,836

1

1

1

2

2

2

Total comprehensive income (loss) for the year

$

(1,012)

$

8,838

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

Page 34 

 
 
 
 
                  
                    
                          
                           
                          
                           
                          
                           
                  
                    
Consolidated Statements of Changes in Equity 
For the years ended December 31, 
(in thousands of Canadian dollars, except per share amounts) 

Note

Shareholders' 
capital

Contributed 
surplus

Retained 
earnings

Accumulated 
other 
comprehensive 
income (loss)

Balance at January 1, 2017 (restated)

$

42,527

$

1,932

$

117,084

$

Net income (loss) for the year (restated) 
Other comprehensive income for the year

Total comprehensive income for the year
Contributions by and dividends to owners
Stock-based compensation expense
Dividends declared to shareholders

10

16

-
-
-

-
-

-
-
-

17
-

8,836
-
8,836

-
(16,582)

-

-

-
-

2
2

Total equity

$

161,543

8,836
2
8,838

17
(16,582)

Balance at December 31, 2017 (restated)

$

42,527

$

1,949

$

109,338

$

                         $

2

153,816

Dividends per share declared during the year ended December 31, 2017

$           

0.39

Balance at December 31, 2017 (restated)

$

42,527

$

1,949

$

109,338

$

                         $

2

153,816

Net income (loss) for the year

Other comprehensive income (loss) for the year

Total comprehensive income for the year

Contributions by and dividends to owners

Stock-based compensation expense

Dividends declared to shareholders

10

16

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

7

(1,013)

-

(1,013)

-

(16,582)

1

1

-

-

-

(1,013)

1

(1,012)

7

(16,582)

Balance at December 31, 2018

$

42,527

$

1,956

$

91,743

$

                         $

3

136,229

Dividends per share declared during the year ended December 31, 2018

$          

0.39

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

Page 35 

 
 
 
 
               
             
        
                      
       
                   
                
           
                      
          
                   
                
               
                        
                
                    
                 
           
                        
          
                    
                  
               
                      
               
                    
                 
        
                      
       
               
             
        
       
             
            
      
     
                   
                
         
                     
        
                   
                
              
                        
                
                   
                
         
                        
        
                   
                   
              
                     
                
                   
                
       
                     
      
             
            
        
     
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows 
For the years ended December 31, 
(in thousands of Canadian dollars) 

Cash flows from (used in) operating activities:

Net income (loss) for the year
Items not involving cash:

Amortization

Depreciation

(Gain) loss on sale of property and equipment

(Income) loss from equity accounted investments

Finance income

Finance and other costs

Deferred compensation plan expense and other

Unrealized (gain) loss on investments and other

Income tax expense (recovery)

Stock-based compensation expense

Cash flows from operations before changes in non-cash working capital

Changes in non-cash working capital relating to operating activities

Interest received
Interest paid

Income taxes paid

Cash flows from (used in) operating activities

Cash flows from (used in) investing activities:
Investments in equity accounted entities
Capital distributions from equity accounted entities
Additions to property and equipment
Proceeds on sale of property and equipment
Additions to intangible assets
Purchase of short-term investments
Proceeds from maturity of short-term investments
Other long-term assets

Cash flows used in investing activities

Cash flows from (used in) financing activities:

Dividends paid on shares

Proceeds from non-recourse project financing

Repayment of non-recourse project financing

Proceeds from loans and borrowings

Repayment of loans and borrowings

Cash flows used in financing activities

Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents during the year
Effects of foreign exchange on cash balances

Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of the year

Note

2018

$

(1,013)

$

12

11

10

20

21

14

16

26

10
10
11
11
12

7

7

13

13

473

10,763

(873)

(1,894)

(1,386)

4,476

4,622

(1,329)

(1,661)

7

12,185

95,532

1,349
(4,360)
(3,265)
101,441

(4,020)
1,873
(13,103)
3,235
(1,510)

(4,742)
3,107
(861)
(16,021)

(16,582)

24,734

(76,474)

14,242

(6,734)
(60,814)

24,606

1,259

133,055

2017
(restated)

8,836

458

11,531

(88)

(1,775)

(1,298)

1,995

1,582

1,438

4,242

17

26,938

(96,188)

1,224
(2,212)
(20,883)
(91,121)

(12,144)
803
(14,311)
7,366
(261)

(6,943)
6,711
(2,312)
(21,091)

(17,891)

32,407

(27,662)

1,965

(4,222)
(15,403)

(127,615)

(1,206)

261,876

Cash and cash equivalents, end of the year

26

$

158,920

$

133,055

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

Page 36 

 
 
 
                        
                          
                            
                             
                       
                        
                           
                             
                        
                         
                        
                         
                         
                          
                         
                          
                        
                          
                        
                          
                                
                               
                       
                        
                       
                       
                         
                          
                        
                         
                        
                       
                     
                       
                        
                       
                         
                             
                      
                       
                         
                          
                        
                            
                        
                         
                         
                          
                           
                         
                      
                       
                      
                       
                       
                        
                      
                       
                       
                          
                        
                         
                      
                       
                       
                      
                         
                         
                     
                       
                     
                       
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 
December 31, 2018 
(in thousands of Canadian dollars, except per share amounts) 

1.  Structure of the Company 

Bird Construction Inc. (the “Company”) is a corporation incorporated in the province of Ontario, Canada. 
The address of the Company’s  registered office is 5700 Explorer Drive, Suite  400, Mississauga, Ontario, 
Canada.  

The Company, through its subsidiaries and interests in joint arrangements carries on business as a general 
contractor  with  offices  across  Canada.  The  Company  serves  customers  in  the  industrial,  mining, 
institutional, retail, commercial, multi-tenant residential, light industrial, and renovation and restoration 
sectors  using  fixed  priced,  design-build,  unit  price,  cost  reimbursable,  guaranteed  upset  price  and 
construction management contract delivery methods.  

Segment results are reviewed by the Company’s Chief Executive Officer to assess performance and allocate 
resources  within  the  Company.  Management  applies  judgement  in  the  aggregation  of  the  Company’s 
operating segments and has determined that the Company operates in one reportable segment being the 
general contracting sector of the construction industry. The Company’s operating segments have similar 
economic  characteristics  in  that  each  of  the  Company’s  operating  districts  provides  comparable 
construction services, use similar contracting methods, have similar long term economic prospects, share 
similar cost structures and operate in similar regulatory environments. 

2.  Basis of preparation 

Authorization of financial statements: 

These consolidated financial statements were authorized for issue on March 12, 2019 by the Company’s 
Board of Directors. 

Statement of compliance: 

These consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with International Financial 
Reporting Standards (“IFRS”). 

Basis of measurement: 

These consolidated financial statements have been prepared using the historical cost convention, except 
for certain financial assets, derivative financial instruments and liabilities for cash settled share-based 
payment arrangements which are measured at fair value. 

Use of estimates and judgements: 

The  preparation  of  financial  statements  requires  management  to  make  judgements,  estimates  and 
assumptions that affect the application of accounting policies and the reported amounts of revenues, 
expenses, assets, liabilities and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the reporting date.  

Uncertainty about these assumptions and estimates could result in a material adjustment to the carrying 
amount of an asset or liability and/or the reported amount of revenue and expense in future periods. 
Estimates  and  underlying  assumptions  are  reviewed  on  an  ongoing  basis.  Revisions  to  accounting 
estimates  are  recognized  in  the  period  in  which  the  estimates  are  revised  and  in  any  future  periods 
affected. 

Revenue and gross profit recognition 

Construction revenue, construction costs, contract liabilities, and contract assets are based on estimates 
and  judgements  used  in  determining  contract  revenue  and  contract  costs  to  determine  the  stage  of 
completion  for  a  particular  construction  project,  depending  upon  the  nature  of  the  construction 
contract,  as  more  fully  described  in  the  revenue  recognition  policy  (see  note  3).  To  determine  the 
estimated costs to complete construction contracts, assumptions and estimates are required to evaluate 
matters related to schedule, material and labour costs, labour productivity, changes in contract scope 

Page 37 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 
December 31, 2018 
(in thousands of Canadian dollars, except per share amounts) 

and subcontractor costs. Due to the nature of construction activities, estimates can change significantly 
from one accounting period to the next. 

The value of many construction contracts increases over the duration of the construction period. Change 
orders  may  be  issued  by  customers  to  modify  the  original  contract  scope  of  work  or  conditions.  In 
addition, there may be disputes or claims regarding additional amounts owing as a result of changes in 
contract scope, delays, additional work or changed conditions. Construction work related to a change 
order or claim may proceed, and costs may be incurred, in advance of final determination of the value 
of the change order. Many change orders and claims may not be settled until the construction project is 
completed or subsequent to completion and the nature of the relationship with the other party to the 
claim and the history of success of these claims may impact the associated revenue or cost recovery. 
Claims against customers for variable consideration due to delays, changes, etc. are assessed under the 
Company’s revenue policy as described in note 3, which requires significant judgement. The amount of 
variable consideration that is constrained is the difference between the total claim value and the best 
estimate of recovery. This constrained value is reviewed each reporting period.  

Provisions 

Provisions for legal and warranty and other provisions involve the use of estimates, as determined by 
management. Estimates and assumptions are required to determine when to record and how to measure 
a provision in the financial statements. The outcomes may differ significantly from the estimates used 
in preparing the financial statements resulting in adjustments to previously reported financial results. 

Asset impairments 

Impairment  testing  is  performed  annually  or  earlier,  if  a  triggering  event  occurs,  for  indefinite-lived 
intangible  assets  and  goodwill  resulting  from  business  combinations,  by  comparing  the  recoverable 
amount of the cash generating unit ("CGU"), or groups of CGUs to its carrying amount. The recoverable 
amounts of the CGU have been determined based on a value in use calculation. There is a significant 
amount of uncertainty with respect to the estimates of recoverable amounts of the CGUs' assets given 
the necessity of making key economic projections which employ the following key assumptions:  future 
cash flows, growth opportunities, including economic risk assumptions and estimates of achieving key 
operating metrics and drivers; and the discount rate. 

Information about significant judgements in applying accounting policies that have the most significant 
effect on the amounts recognized in the consolidated financial statements is included in the significant 
accounting policies note 3. 

3.  Summary of significant accounting policies 

The significant accounting principles used in these consolidated financial statements are as follows: 

Consolidation: 

The  consolidated  financial  statements  include  the  accounts  of  the  Company,  its  subsidiaries  and 
partnerships, as well as its pro-rata share of assets, liabilities, revenues, expenses and cash flows from 
joint  operations.    Subsidiaries  are  entities  controlled  by  the  Company.    The  financial  statements  of 
subsidiaries are included in the consolidated financial statements from the date that control commences 
until the  date that control ceases.  All inter-company balances, transactions, revenues and expenses 
have been eliminated on consolidation.  The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of 
the following significant subsidiaries: 

Page 38 

 
 
 
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 
December 31, 2018 
(in thousands of Canadian dollars, except per share amounts) 

Company:

   Fully consolidated subsidiaries
     Bird Construction Inc.
     Bird Construction Company Limited
     Bird Construction Company (Limited Partnership)
     Bird Management Ltd.
     Bird Design - Build Limited
     Bird Capital Limited
     Bird Capital Limited Partnership
     Bird Industrial Group Limited
     Bird Design-Build Construction Inc.
     Westrac Resources Ltd.
     Westrac Resources Limited Partnership
     Bird Construction Group (Limited Partnership)
     Bird Construction Group Limited
     Bird General Contractors Ltd. (Formerly H.J. O'Connell, Limited)
     Bird Civil et mines Ltée (Formerly Les Enterprises de Construction de Québec Ltée)
     Bird Heavy Civil Ltd. (Formerly H.J. O'Connell Construction Ltd.)
     Nason Contracting Group Ltd.
     Bird Casey House Limited Partnership 
     Bird Capital MDC Project Co. Inc.
     Bird Construction Industrial Services Ltd.

     Bird Construction Group Ltd.
     NCGL Industrial Ltd.
     NCGL Construction Ltd.
     BFL Fabricators Ltd.
     Canadian Consulting Group Limited
     Innovative Trenching Solutions Ltd.
     Innovative Trenching Solutions Field Services Ltd.
     Bird Capital OMP Project Co. Inc.

   Proportionately consolidated joint arrangements
     Restigouche Hospital Centre Joint Venture
     HJOC-VPDL Placentia Bridge Joint Venture 
     Arctic-Bird Construction Joint Venture
     Maple Reinders-Nason Joint Venture
     Bird Kiewit Joint Venture
     Bird/Wright Schools Joint Venture
     Bird/Wright Schools 2 Joint Venture
     Bird - Clark Stanton JV
     Bird-Civeo Joint Venture 
     Pomerleau/O'Connell JV
     Bird - Maple Reinders JV
     Maple Reinders - Bird JV
     Bird - ATCO Joint Venture
     CBS Joint Venture

     * Joint venture was dissolved on November 16, 2018.

2018

2017

Ownership/Voting Interest

100%
100%
100%
100%
100%
100%
100%
100%
100%
100%
100%
100%
100%
100%
100%
100%
100%
100%
100%
100%
100%
100%
100%
100%
100%
100%
100%
100%

30%
50%
50%
50%
60%
70%
70%
50%
60%*
50%
50%
50%
60%
42.5%

100%
100%
100%
100%
100%
100%
100%
100%
100%
100%
100%
100%
100%
100%
100%
100%
100%
100%
100%
100%
100%
100%
100%
100%
100%
100%
100%
n/a

30%
50%
50%
50%
60%
70%
70%
50%
60%
50%
50%
n/a
n/a
n/a

The  Company  has  invested  in  a  number  of  Public  Private  Partnerships  (“PPP”)  concession  ventures 
usually  holding  a  minority  interest  position  in  the  venture.  The  Company  has  also  invested  in  Stack 
Modular group of companies. In these instances, the Company can either exercise significant influence 
or joint control over the financial and operational policies of the venture (or investee). The Company 
uses the equity method of accounting to account for these investments. The investment is recorded as 
the amount of the initial investment adjusted for the pro-rata share of the investee’s earnings less any 
distributions received from the investment.  

Page 39 

 
 
 
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 
December 31, 2018 
(in thousands of Canadian dollars, except per share amounts) 

Company:

   Equity accounted investment in associates/joint ventures
     Chinook Resources Management General Partnership
     Plenary Infrastructure ERMF GP
     Joint Use Mutual Partnership #1
     Joint Use Mutual Partnership #2
     Boreal Health Partnership
     Timmiak Construction Limited Partnership (Formerly Nillik Construction Limited Partnership)
     Harbour City Solutions General Partnership
     Niagara Falls Entertainment Partners
     Stack Modular Structures Ltd.
     Stack Modular Structures Hong Kong Limited
     Hartland Resource Management General Partnership

     *Classified as investments held for sale in 2018.

2018

2017

Ownership/Voting Interest

50%
10%
20%*
20%*
25%
69.99%/33.33%
20%
20%/16.2%
50%
50%
20%

50%
10%
20%
20%
25%
69.99%/33.33%
20%
20%/16.2%
50%
50%
n/a

All of the above subsidiaries, joint arrangements, joint ventures and associates are incorporated or 
registered in Canada except Stack Modular Structure Hong Kong Limited which is incorporated and 
registered in Hong Kong.  

Revenue recognition: 

Contract  revenue  is  recognized  in  profit  or  loss  in  accordance  with  the  pattern  of  satisfying  the 
Company’s performance obligations under a contract. This satisfaction occurs when control of a good or 
service transfers to the customer. In the majority of the Company’s contracts, the customer controls 
the work in process as evidenced by the right to payment for work performed to date plus a reasonable 
profit to deliver products or services that do not have an alternative use to the Company, and the work 
is  performed  on  the  customer’s  property.  Based  on  the  nature  of  these  contractual  arrangements, 
control is transferred over time and revenue is recognized over time. 

For each performance obligation satisfied over time, the Company will recognize revenue by measuring 
progress toward complete satisfaction of that performance obligation. Using output or input methods 
based on the type of contract, the Company recognizes revenue in a pattern that reflects the transfer 
of  control  of  the  promised  goods  or  services  to  the  customer.  Revenue  from  fixed  price  and  cost 
reimbursable contracts is recognized using the input method with reference to costs incurred. Revenue 
from  unit  price  contracts  in  the  heavy  construction,  civil  construction  and  contract  surface  mining 
construction  sectors  is  recognized  based  on  the  amount  of  billable  work  completed,  established  by 
surveys  of  work  performed,  an  output  method.  For  agency  relationships,  such  as  construction 
management  contracts,  where  the  Company  acts  as  an  agent  for  its  customers,  fee  revenue  only  is 
recognized, generally in accordance with the contract terms. If the outcome of a construction contract 
cannot be estimated reliably for management to estimate the ultimate profitability of the contract with 
a reasonable degree of certainty, no profit is recognized. When further clarity is gained throughout the 
progression of the contract, the constrained margin and associated revenue will be reassessed.  

Revenue from contract modifications, commonly referred to as change orders and claims, is recognized 
to the extent that the contract modifications have been approved by the customer and the amount can 
be measured reliably. In cases where the contract modification is approved, but the price has not been 
finalized, the Company will account for the contract modification using variable consideration guidance 
described below. A claim or dispute is considered variable consideration as it is in addition to the agreed 
upon performance obligations outlined in the original contract but due to unforeseen circumstances is 
claimed against the customer because of additional work and costs incurred due to delays and scope 

Page 40 

 
 
 
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 
December 31, 2018 
(in thousands of Canadian dollars, except per share amounts) 

changes. The subsequent outcome and settlement of this claim through negotiation results in uncertainty 
as to the likelihood and amount that will be ultimately collected. 

The amount of variable consideration included in the transaction price may be constrained due to the 
uncertain nature of the recovery of the associated revenue. The Company will make an estimate of the 
amount  to  be  constrained  by  using  either  the  most  likely  amount  or  the  expected  value  method, 
depending which method is considered to best predict the amount of consideration by contract to which 
the Company will be entitled. The amount of variable consideration to be included in the transaction 
price  is  only  that  to  which  it  is  highly  probable  that  a  significant  reversal  of  cumulative  revenue 
recognized to date will not occur. Management considers the following factors in their assessment of 
the probability of reversal: 

(i)  Susceptibility of consideration to factors outside the Company’s influence. 

(ii)  Length of time before resolution of the uncertainty associated with the amount of 

consideration is expected. 

(iii) The Company’s experience with similar types of contracts is limited or the experience is not 

relevant or has limited predictive value. 

(iv) The Company has a practice of offering a broad range of pricing concessions or changing the 

payment terms and conditions of similar contracts in similar situations. 

(v)  The contract has a larger number and broad range of possible consideration amounts. 

Where the above factors indicate uncertainty associated with the outcome of the transaction price, the 
Company  reviews  the  historical  performance  under  similar  contracts  in  order  to  determine  the 
appropriate proportion of the variable consideration to be included in the transaction price.  

For  most  customer  arrangements,  the  customer  contracts  with  the  Company  to  provide  a  significant 
service of integrating a complex set of tasks and components into a single project or capability (even if 
that single project results in the delivery of multiple units). The Company therefore considers that the 
entire contract results in the delivery of a single performance obligation. Less commonly, the Company 
may  promise  to  provide  distinct  goods  or  services  within  a  contract  in  which  case  the  contract  is 
separated into the associated performance obligations as assessed from the customer’s perspective. If 
a contract contains multiple performance obligations, the Company allocates the total transaction price 
to each performance obligation in an amount based on the estimated relative standalone selling prices 
of  the  promised  goods  or  services  underlying  each  performance  obligation.  When  the  Company  is 
contracted to construct customer specific projects, the budgets and overall transaction prices are built 
up using the Company’s best estimate of costs associated to complete the customized project using the 
appropriate  overhead  and  subcontractor  rates  for  a  given  project  and  location.  This  approach  to 
estimate the overall costs and associated revenues is considered the most appropriate assessment of the 
standalone selling price for the associated performance obligations. 

Where costs are determined to be greater than total revenues, losses from any construction contracts 
are recognized in full in the period the loss becomes apparent. Losses are recorded within provisions on 
the statement of financial position. 

Construction costs: 

Construction costs are expensed as incurred  unless  they result in an asset related to future contract 
activity  and  meet  the  criteria  to  be  capitalized  as  contract  assets.  Construction  costs  include  all 
expenses  that  relate  directly  to  execution  of  the  specific  contract,  including  site  labour  and  site 
supervision,  direct  materials,  subcontractor  costs,  equipment  rentals  and  depreciation,  design  and 
technical  assistance,  and  warranty  claims.  Construction  costs  also  include  overheads  that  can  be 

Page 41 

 
 
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 
December 31, 2018 
(in thousands of Canadian dollars, except per share amounts) 

attributed  to  the  project  in  a  systematic  and  consistent  manner  and  include  general  insurance  and 
bonding costs, and staff costs relating to project management.  

Contract assets and liabilities: 

Any excess of costs and estimated earnings over progress billings on construction contracts is carried as 
a contract asset in the financial statements. Contract assets also arise when the Company capitalizes 
incremental  costs  of  obtaining  contracts  with  customers  and  the  costs  incurred  in  fulfilling  those 
contracts, such as mobilization costs. Costs to fulfill a contract are required to be capitalized where 
they  are  determined  to  relate  directly  to  a  contract  or  an  anticipated  contract  that  the  entity  can 
specifically identify, they generate or enhance resources of the Company that will be used in satisfying 
performance  obligations  in  the  future,  and  they  are  expected  to  be  recovered  under  that  specific 
contract.  

In all cases, the specific contract asset is amortized into the project with reference to the same pattern 
of recognition as the revenue recognized on the associated project. 

Any excess of progress billings over earned revenue on construction contracts is carried as a contract 
liability in the financial statements. 

Contract assets and liabilities are reported in a net position on a contract-by-contract basis at the end 
of  each  reporting  period.  All  contract  assets  and  liabilities  are  classified  as  current  in  the  financial 
statements as they are expected to be settled within the Company’s normal operating cycle. 

Inventory: 

Inventory, which consists of certain equipment parts and aggregate materials, is carried at the lower of 
cost and net realizable value.  The cost of inventories of equipment parts and aggregate materials is 
determined at the weighted average cost to acquire the inventory.  Net realizable value is the estimated 
selling price in the ordinary course of business less applicable disposal costs. 

Property and equipment: 

Property and equipment is measured at cost less accumulated depreciation and accumulated impairment 
losses,  if  any.    The  cost  of  property  and  equipment  includes  the  purchase  price  and  the  directly 
attributable costs required to bring the asset to the condition necessary for the asset to be capable of 
operating in the manner intended by management.  The cost of replacing or repairing a component of 
an item of property and equipment is recognized in the carrying amount of the item if it is probable that 
future  economic  benefits  will  occur  and  the  cost  can  be  measured  reliably.    The  costs  of  routine 
maintenance  of  property  and  equipment  are  recognized  in  the  statement  of  income  as  incurred.  
Depreciation of property and equipment over the estimated useful lives of the assets is as follows: 

i. 

Diminishing balance method: 

Buildings 
Equipment, trucks and automotive  
Heavy equipment 
Furniture, fixtures and office equipment 

5% and 10% 
20% - 40% 
hours of use 
20% - 55% 

ii. 

Straight-line method: 

Leasehold improvements 

over the lease term 

When parts of an item of property and equipment have different useful lives, they are accounted for as 
separate components of property and equipment and depreciated accordingly.  The carrying amount of 
a  replaced  component  is  derecognized.    The  Company  reviews  the  residual  value,  useful  lives  and 

Page 42 

 
 
 
 
 
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 
December 31, 2018 
(in thousands of Canadian dollars, except per share amounts) 

depreciation methods used on an annual basis and, where revisions are required, the Company applies 
such changes in estimates on a prospective basis.  

Gains  and  losses  on  disposals  of  property  and  equipment  are  determined  by  comparing  the  proceeds 
with the carrying amount of the asset and are included as part of general and administrative expenses 
in the statement of income. 

Foreign currency translation: 

Foreign currency transactions 

Foreign currency transactions and balances are recorded in the accounts as follows: 

i. 
ii. 
iii. 

iv. 

Monetary assets and liabilities at the exchange rate in effect at the financial statement date; 
Non-monetary assets and liabilities at exchange rates prevailing at the time of the transaction; 
Depreciation expense at the exchange rate in effect at the time the related assets are acquired; 
and 
Expenses at the average exchange rate prevailing on the date of the transaction. 

Translation of equity accounted foreign entities 

Assets and liabilities of equity accounted foreign entities are translated from the functional currency to 
the  Company’s  presentation  currency  at  the  closing  rate  at  the  end  of  the  reporting  period.    The 
consolidated statements of income are translated at exchange rates at the dates of the transactions or 
at the average rate if it approximates the actual rates. All resulting exchange differences are recognized 
in other comprehensive income. 

Income taxes: 

Income tax expense comprises current and deferred tax.  Current tax and deferred tax are recognized 
in profit and loss except to the extent that it relates to a business combination, or items recognized 
directly in equity or in other comprehensive income. 

Current income taxes are recognized for the estimated income taxes payable based on applying enacted 
income tax rates to the taxable income realized in the current year.  Current tax includes adjustments 
to taxes payable or recoverable in respect of previous years.  

Deferred  income  tax  assets  and  liabilities  are  recognized  for  temporary  differences  between  the  tax 
basis of assets and liabilities and their carrying amounts for financial reporting purposes, as well as for 
the benefit of tax losses available to be carried forward to future years provided they are likely to be 
realized.  Deferred taxes are recognized using enacted or substantively enacted rates expected to apply 
in the periods in which the asset is realized or the liability is settled.  Deferred taxes are measured on 
an undiscounted basis.  Deferred taxes are presented as non-current.  Current and deferred tax assets 
and liabilities are offset only when a legally enforceable right exists to offset current tax assets against 
current tax liabilities relating to the same taxable entity and the same tax authority. 

Basic and diluted earnings per share: 

The Company’s basic earnings per share calculation is based on the net income available to common 
shareholders for the period divided by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding for 
the period.  Diluted earnings per share is calculated by dividing the net income available to common 
shareholders  for  the  period  by  the  weighted  average  number  of  common  shares  outstanding  for  the 
period, adjusted for the effects of all dilutive potential common shares, which comprise stock options 
granted to employees.   

Page 43 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 
December 31, 2018 
(in thousands of Canadian dollars, except per share amounts) 

Medium term incentive plan: 

The Company’s Medium Term Incentive Plan (“MTIP”) is a cash-settled share-based payment plan which 
provides  for  the  granting  of  phantom  shares.    The  phantom  shares  provide  the  holder  with  the 
opportunity to earn a cash benefit in relation to the value of a specified number of underlying notional 
shares.    MTIP  awards  vest  on  November  30  of  the  third  year  following  the  year  to  which  the  award 
relates,  if  the  employee  has  maintained  continuous  employment  with  the  Company,  except  upon 
retirement or death.  Annually, the Board of Directors determines the amount of the initial award, which 
is then used to determine the number of shares allocated to the employee.  The total liabilities for this 
plan are computed based on the estimated number of phantom shares expected to vest at the end of 
the vesting period.  The liability is measured at each reporting date at fair value with changes in fair 
value recognized in income.  The fair value of the phantom shares outstanding at the end of a reporting 
period is measured based on the quoted market price of the Company’s shares.  The phantom shares 
earn  notional  dividends,  equivalent  to  actual  dividends  declared  on  the  Company’s  shares.  
Compensation expense relating to the initial award, notional dividends and changes in the market price 
of the phantom shares is recognized on a straight-line basis over the vesting period. 

Equity incentive plan: 

The  Company  implemented  an  Equity  Incentive  Plan  (“EIP”)  as  part  of  the  Company’s  executive 
compensation plan. The purpose of the EIP is to provide certain officers and employees of the Company 
with  the  opportunity  to  be  granted  performance  share  units  (“PSUs”)  or  time-based  restricted  share 
units (“RSUs”, and together with PSUs, the “Units”). The EIP is a full-value share unit plan using the 
value of the Company’s shares as the basis for the Units. In the case of the PSUs, the amount of award 
payable at the end of the vesting period will be determined by a performance multiplier. Under the EIP, 
the Company is entitled, in its sole discretion, to settle the Units in either cash or the Company’s Shares 
purchased on the TSX or issued from treasury, or a combination thereof. The Company intends to settle 
the EIP in cash.  

As a cash-settled compensation arrangement, the fair value of the amount payable is recognized as an 
expense with a corresponding increase in liabilities over the vesting period. The Units will vest and be 
settled on their issue date, which will be no later than December 31 in the third year following the date 
of grant, or in accordance with the EIP, participant’s award agreement, or the Company’s discretion. 
The liabilities for this plan are computed based on the estimated number of Units expected to vest at 
the end of the vesting period. The Units earn notional dividends, equivalent to actual dividends declared 
on the Company’s shares. The liability is remeasured at each reporting date at fair value with changes 
in fair value recognized in income.  The fair value of the Units outstanding at the end of a reporting 
period is measured based on the quoted market price of the Company’s shares, with PSU’s also adjusted 
by a performance multiplier.    Compensation expense relating to the initial award, notional dividends 
and  changes  in  the  market  price  of  the  Units  is  recognized  on  a  straight-line  basis  over  the  vesting 
period.    

Stock option plan: 

The  Company's  Stock  Option  Plan,  as  described  in  note  16(a),  is  a  share-based  payment  plan  which 
provides for the granting of stock options.  The fair value of share-based payment awards is recognized 
as an employee expense, with a corresponding increase in contributed surplus, on a straight-line basis 
over the vesting period.   The amount recognized as an expense is adjusted to reflect the number of 
awards for which the related service conditions are expected to be met, such that the amount ultimately 
recognized as an expense is based on the number of awards that do meet the related service conditions 
at the vesting date.  

Page 44 

 
 
 
 
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 
December 31, 2018 
(in thousands of Canadian dollars, except per share amounts) 

Deferred share unit plan: 

The Company has a Deferred Share Unit Plan ("DSU Plan"), which is a cash-settled share-based payment 
plan providing for the granting of phantom shares.   The fair value of the amount payable to eligible 
Directors  in  respect  of  Deferred  Share  Units  ("DSUs")  is  equivalent  to  the  cash  value  of  the  common 
shares  at  the  reporting  date.    The  phantom  shares  earn  notional  dividends,  equivalent  to  actual 
dividends declared on the Company's shares.  DSUs are cash-settled when the eligible Director ceases to 
hold any position within the Company.  The liability associated with the DSU Plan is recalculated at each 
reporting date and at settlement.  Any change in the fair value of the liability is recognized as an expense 
in general and administrative expenses. 

Financial instruments:  

Financial assets and liabilities are recognized on the consolidated statement of financial position when 
the Company becomes a  party to the  contractual provisions of the financial instrument or  derivative 
contract.  Financial instruments are initially measured at fair value and are subsequently accounted for 
based on their classification as described below.  The Company derecognizes a financial asset when the 
contractual  rights  to  the  cash  flows  from  the  asset  expire,  or  it  transfers  the  rights  to  receive  the 
contractual  cash  flows  on  the  financial  asset  in  a  transaction  in  which  substantially  all  the  risks  and 
rewards of ownership of the financial asset are transferred.  Any interest in transferred financial assets 
that  is  created  or  retained  by  the  Company  is  recognized  as  a  separate  asset  or  liability.    Financial 
liabilities  are  derecognized  when  their  contractual  obligations  are  discharged,  cancelled  or  have 
expired. 

Financial assets at fair value through profit or loss 

Financial  assets  are  classified  as  financial  assets  at  fair  value  through  profit  or  loss  if  they  are 
classified as held-for-trading or are designated as such upon initial recognition.  Financial assets are 
designated at fair value through profit or loss if the Company manages such investments and makes 
purchase and sale decisions based on their fair value in accordance with the Company’s documented 
investment policy.  Financial assets classified as fair value through  profit or  loss instruments are 
measured at fair value at each reporting period with any changes in fair value during the reporting 
period being included in income.    Transaction costs are expensed as incurred. 

Loans and receivables 
Loans and receivables are non-derivative assets with fixed or determinable payments that are not 
quoted  on  an  active  market.    Financial  assets  classified  as  loans  and  receivables  are  initially 
measured at fair value adjusted for directly attributable transaction costs, and subsequently, are 
measured  at  amortized  cost,  using  the  effective  interest  rate  method,  which  approximates  fair 
value.  The Company will recognize changes in the fair value of loans and receivables only if realized, 
or  when  an  impairment  in  the  value  of  the  asset  occurs.    Loans  and  receivables  are  generally 
comprised of cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable and other non-current assets.  

Cash and cash equivalents 
The  Company  considers  cash,  bank  indebtedness,  if  any,  bankers’  acceptances  and  short-term 
deposits with original maturities of three months or less, as cash and cash equivalents. 

Financial liabilities 
Financial  liabilities  are  initially  recognized  at  fair  value  adjusted  for  transaction  costs  directly 
attributable to the liability, except for financial liabilities classified as fair value through profit or 
loss.  Financial liabilities classified as other liabilities are subsequently measured at amortized cost 
using  the  effective  interest  method.    The  Company's  other  financial  liabilities  include  accounts 
payable,  dividends  payable,  non-recourse  project  financing,  deferred  payment  and  loans  and 
borrowings. 

Page 45 

 
 
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 
December 31, 2018 
(in thousands of Canadian dollars, except per share amounts) 

The Company has not classified any financial assets or liabilities as held-to-maturity or available-for-
sale (see note 27). 

Financial assets and liabilities are offset and the net amount presented on the consolidated statement 
of  financial  position  when,  and  only  when,  the  Company  has  a  legal  right  to  offset  the  amounts  and 
intends either to settle on a net basis or to realize the asset and settle the liability simultaneously. 

Derivative financial instruments 
The Company uses interest rate swaps to manage its interest rate risk on the non-recourse project 
financing  and  the  Total  Return  Swap  (“TRS”).  Such  derivative  financial  instruments  are  initially 
recognized  at  fair  value  on  the  date  on  which  a  derivative  contract  is  entered  into  and  are 
subsequently remeasured at fair value. Derivatives are carried as financial assets when the fair value 
is positive and as financial liabilities when the fair value is negative. 

The Company uses TRS derivative contracts for the purpose of managing its exposure to changes in 
the fair value of its MTIP, EIP and DSU share-based compensation plans due to changes in the fair 
value of the Company’s common shares. Derivatives are initially recognized at fair value when a 
derivative contract is entered into and are subsequently  remeasured at their fair value. The TRS 
derivative  contracts  are  not  designated  as  a  hedge,  and  changes  in  the  fair  market  value  are 
recorded as compensation expense in the statements of income. 

Goodwill: 

Goodwill  that  arises  on  the  acquisition  of  subsidiaries  is  presented  separately  on  the  statement  of 
financial position.  For the measurement of goodwill at initial recognition refer to note 3.  Subsequently, 
goodwill is measured at cost less any accumulated impairment losses.  

Intangible assets: 

Intangible assets with finite lives are measured at cost less accumulated amortization and accumulated 
impairment losses.  Amortization is recognized in profit or loss over the estimated useful lives as noted 
below.  The estimated useful lives for the current and comparative periods are as follows: 

i. 

Straight-line method: 
  Software 

2 – 5 years 

The Company reviews the residual value, useful lives and amortization methods used on an annual 
basis.  Amortization of intangible assets is included in general and administrative expenses in the 
statements of income.  

Provisions and contingent assets: 

Provisions 
Provisions are recognized when, at the financial statement date, the Company has a present obligation 
as a result of a past event, and it is more likely than not that the Company will be required to settle 
that obligation and the cash outflow can be estimated reliably. The amount recognized for provisions is 
the best estimate of the expenditure to be incurred. Where the Company expects some or all of the 
provision to be reimbursed, for example through insurance, the reimbursement is recognized as an asset 
only when it is virtually certain of realization. The recoverable amount will not exceed the amount of 
the provision. 

Provisions include: 

i. 

Provisions for potential legal claims relating to the Company’s performance and completion of 
construction contracts. The Company attempts to settle claims within the construction period 

Page 46 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 
December 31, 2018 
(in thousands of Canadian dollars, except per share amounts) 

ii. 

iii. 

of the contracts, but a legal claim may take years to settle. A provision is recognized when it 
is more likely than not that a claim will require settlement. The amount recognized is the best 
estimate of the settlement amount. 

Provisions  for  potential  warranty  claims  relating  to  construction  projects.  These  claims  are 
usually settled during the project’s warranty period. A provision is recognized when it is more 
likely than not that a warranty claim will arise. The amount recognized is the best estimate of 
the amount required to settle the warranty issue. 

Provisions for loss contracts are recorded when costs are determined to be greater than total 
revenues for the contract. Losses from any construction contracts are recognized in full in the 
period the loss becomes apparent. The loss provision will be net of management’s estimate of 
probable expected recoveries, which differs from the criterion used for revenue recognition.  

Contingent assets 
A contingent asset is a possible asset that arises from past events and whose existence will be confirmed 
only by the occurrence or non-occurrence of one or more uncertain future events not wholly within the 
control of the entity. Cost recovery claims associated with claims against subcontractors and parties 
other than customers are considered contingent assets until it is virtually certain that the claims will be 
settled.  

Contingent assets are not recorded or disclosed in the financial statements until such time as recovery 
of  a  portion  or  all  of  the  claim  is  considered  probable,  at  which  time  disclosure  in  the  notes  to  the 
financial statements is required. For disclosed contingent assets, where the claim is accepted by the 
other  party  and  realization  of  income  is  considered  virtually  certain,  full  disclosure  in  the  financial 
statements as to the nature of the asset recorded is required, along with the recognition of the amount 
to be received in current assets. 

Impairment: 

Property and equipment  

The carrying amounts of items included in property and equipment are reviewed for impairment at the 
end of each reporting period to determine whether there are indicators of impairment.  If there is an 
indicator  of  impairment  and  the  carrying  amount  of  the  asset  exceeds  its  recoverable  amount,  an 
impairment loss is recorded in profit and loss to reflect the asset at the lower amount.  For property 
and equipment, the recoverable amount is usually determined by the selling price of the asset less the 
costs of disposal.  For the purpose of impairment testing, assets that cannot be tested individually are 
grouped together into the smallest group of assets that generates cash inflows from continuing use that 
are largely independent of the cash inflows of other assets or groups of assets.  

Intangible assets and goodwill 

Intangible assets and goodwill resulting from business combinations are reviewed at each reporting date 
to determine whether there is an indication of impairment.  If any such indication exists, then the asset’s 
recoverable amount is  estimated.   Goodwill and indefinite  lived intangible assets are tested at least 
annually for impairment.  The recoverable amount of an asset or CGU is the greater of its value in use 
and its fair value less costs of disposal.  The value in use is determined by the cash flows expected to 
arise  from  the  CGU  discounted  using  a  pre-tax  discount  rate,  which  reflects  the  current  market 
assessments  of  the  time  value  of  money  and  asset-specific  risk.    Intangible  assets  and  goodwill  are 
assigned to the CGUs associated with the related acquisition.  An impairment loss is recognized if the 
carrying amount of an asset or its CGU exceeds its estimated recoverable amount.  Impairment losses 
are recognized in profit and loss.  Impairment losses recognized in respect of CGUs are allocated first to 
reduce  the  carrying  amount  of  any  goodwill  allocated  to  the  CGUs,  and  then  to  reduce  the  carrying 
amount of the other assets in the CGUs.  

Page 47 

 
 
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 
December 31, 2018 
(in thousands of Canadian dollars, except per share amounts) 

Joint arrangements: 

A  joint  arrangement  is  an  arrangement  in  which  the  Company  has  joint  control,  established  by 
contractual  agreements  requiring  unanimous  consent  for  decisions  about  activities  that  significantly 
affect the arrangement's returns.  Joint arrangements are classified as either a joint operation or a joint 
venture.  A joint operation is an arrangement where the joint controlling parties have direct rights to 
the assets and direct obligations for the liabilities of the arrangement in the normal course of business.  
Interests in a joint operation are accounted for by recognizing the Company's share of assets, liabilities, 
revenues  and  expenses.    A  joint  venture  is  an  arrangement  where  the  joint  controlling  parties  have 
rights to the net assets of the arrangement.  Interests in a joint venture are recognized as an investment 
and accounted for using the equity method.  The determination as to whether a joint arrangement is a 
joint  venture  or  a  joint  operation  requires  significant  judgment  based  on  the  structure  of  the 
arrangement,  the  legal  form  of  any  separate  vehicle,  the  contractual  terms  of  the  arrangement  and 
other facts and circumstances.  The joint arrangements in which Bird participates are typically formed 
to  undertake  a  specific  construction  project,  are  jointly  controlled  by  the  parties,  and  are  dissolved 
upon completion of the project.  

Finance income and finance costs: 

Finance income is comprised of interest earned on cash and cash equivalents, gains/losses on disposal 
of investments and changes in the fair value of financial assets classified as fair value through profit and 
loss. Interest income is recognized as it accrues in the income statement.  

Finance costs are comprised of interest on loans and borrowings including non-recourse project financing 
using the effective interest rate method, interest expense related to the net gain or loss on interest 
rate  swaps,  interest  associated  with  total  return  swaps,  fees  associated  with  credit  facilities,  bank 
charges and other interest expenses. 

Business combinations: 

The Company uses the acquisition method of accounting for business combinations.  The consideration 
transferred  includes  the  fair  value  of  the  assets  transferred  to  acquire  a  subsidiary,  the  liabilities 
assumed and the fair value of any equity interest issued by the Company.  Acquisition related costs are 
expensed as incurred.  Any excess of the fair value of the consideration transferred over the Company’s 
share of the fair value of net identifiable assets acquired, all measured as of the acquisition date, is 
recorded as goodwill.  If the fair value of the consideration transferred is less than the fair value of the 
net identifiable assets acquired, such as in the case of a bargain purchase, the difference is recognized 
directly in profit or loss.  

Leases: 

Leases which transfer substantially all the benefits and risks of ownership of the asset are recognized as 
finance leases.  The asset is capitalized at the commencement of the lease at an amount equal to the 
lower of its fair value and the present value of the minimum lease payments.  The asset is depreciated 
on  a  basis  consistent  with  similar  owned  assets.    The  related  lease  obligation  is  recorded  on  the 
statement of financial position.  The interest element of the lease payments is charged to finance costs 
over the term of the lease. 

Leases in which a significant portion of the risks and rewards of ownership are retained by the lessor are 
classified as operating leases.  Payments required under operating leases are charged to income on a 
straight line basis over the life of the lease.  Lease incentives received are recognized as an integral 
part of the total lease expense, over the term of the lease.  

Subcontractor/Supplier Performance Default Insurance: 

The Company maintains an insurance policy which provides the Company with comprehensive coverage 
in respect of subcontractor or supplier default on certain projects where the subcontractor or supplier 

Page 48 

 
 
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 
December 31, 2018 
(in thousands of Canadian dollars, except per share amounts) 

is enrolled in the program. The total insurance premium paid by the Company to the insurer is comprised 
of  a  non-refundable  premium  and  a  deposit  premium.  The  deposit  premium  paid  by  the  Company  is 
included in other non-current assets on the consolidated statements of financial position. The liabilities 
included in provisions on the consolidated statements of financial position relate to management’s best 
estimate of exposures and costs associated with prior or existing subcontractor or supplier performance 
defaults. Management conducts a thorough review of the liability every reporting period and takes into 
consideration the Company’s experience to date with those subcontractors or suppliers that are enrolled 
in the program.  

4.  New Accounting Standards and Amendments Adopted 

The Company has adopted the following new accounting amendments effective January 1, 2018. These 
changes did not have a material impact on the Company’s financial results: 

a)  Amendments to IFRS 2, Classification and Measurement of Share-based Payment Transactions 
b) 

IFRIC 22, Foreign Currency Transactions and Advance Consideration  

The Company has adopted the following new accounting standards effective January 1, 2018: 

I. 
II. 

IFRS 15, Revenue from Contracts with Customers 
IFRS 9, Financial Instruments  

IFRS 15, Revenue from Contracts with Customers:  
The Company has adopted IFRS 15 effective January 1, 2018 using a fully retrospective approach. IFRS 15 
supersedes previous accounting standards for revenue, including IAS 18 Revenue, and IAS 11 Construction 
Contracts. IFRS 15 introduced a single comprehensive model for recognizing revenue from contracts with 
customers.  The  standard  requires  revenue  to  be  recognized  in  a  manner  that  depicts  the  transfer  of 
promised goods or services to a customer and at an amount that reflects the consideration expected to be 
received in exchange for transferring those goods or services. Specifically, IFRS 15 introduces a five-step 
approach to revenue recognition:  

Identify the contract(s) with a customer; 
Identify the performance obligations in the contract; 

1. 
2. 
3.  Determine the transaction price; 
4.  Allocate the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract; and 
5.  Recognize revenue when (or as) the entity satisfies a performance obligation. 

On  adoption  of  the  new  revenue  standard  the  Company  has  employed  the  fully  retrospective  model 
therefore  restating  the  impact  on  the  comparative  statements.  The  Company  elected  to  utilize  the 
following practical expedients on adoption: 

a)  For completed contracts, an entity need not restate contracts that begin and end within the same 

annual reporting periods. 

b)  For all reporting periods presented before the date of initial application, January 1, 2018, an entity 
is not required to disclose the amount of transaction price allocated to the remaining performance 
obligations and an explanation of when the entity expects to recognize that amount of revenue.  

The  revenue recognition policy is described in  note  3. In addition, changes to  the portion of payments 
retained by the customer is explained below:  

The portion of the payments retained by the customer until substantial completion, as defined in each 
contract  has  historically  been  discounted  to  reflect  the  time  value  of  money.  Under  IFRS  15,  these 
holdbacks from customers are no longer considered significant financing components due to the intent of 

Page 49 

 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 
December 31, 2018 
(in thousands of Canadian dollars, except per share amounts) 

the arrangement. These customer holdbacks are in place to protect the customer and ensure the Company 
performs as specified under the contract. All invoices are issued by the Company in line with the billing 
schedule included in each contract and payments of all elements (not inclusive of the holdback) is received 
within an appropriate period of time. Due to this change, where historically there was a portion of interest 
accretion  on  holdback  receivables,  this  has  ceased  due  to  the  understanding  of  the  arrangement  in 
accordance with IFRS 15. Therefore, finance income has been restated to remove the effect of the interest 
accretion.  

Impact on Net Income 

The impact to the Company’s statements of income for the IFRS 15 adjustments are as follows: 

Construction revenue
Costs of construction
Gross profit

Income from equity accounted investments
General and administrative expenses

Year ended December 31, 2017

As previously
reported (1)

Adjustments

Restated

1,418,439
1,343,992
74,447

1,775
(59,307)

118
3,258
(3,140)

1,418,557
1,347,250
71,307

-
-

1,775
(59,307)

Income (loss) from operations

16,915

(3,140)

13,775

Finance income
Finance and other costs

4,111
(4,137)

(2,813)
2,142

1,298
(1,995)

Income (loss) before income taxes

16,889

(3,811)

13,078

Income tax expense (recovery)

5,271

(1,029)

Net income (loss) and comprehensive income (loss) for the year

11,618

(2,782)

4,242

8,836

Basic and diluted earnings (loss) per share

0.27

(0.06)

0.21

(1) Certain comparative figures for the prior year have been reclassified to conform to the presentation adopted in the current year (note 30)

Page 50 

 
 
    
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
       
                
       
       
             
       
           
            
           
             
                
             
          
                
          
           
            
           
             
            
             
            
             
            
           
            
           
             
            
             
           
            
             
               
             
               
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 
December 31, 2018 
(in thousands of Canadian dollars, except per share amounts) 

Impact on assets, liabilities and shareholders’ equity at January 1, 2017 and December 31, 2017 

$

$

$

(in thousands of Canadian dollars)

ASSETS

Current assets:

Cash
Bankers' acceptances and short-term deposits
Accounts receivable
Contract assets (2)
Contract assets - alternative finance projects (3)
Inventory
Prepaid expenses 
Income taxes recoverable
Other assets

Total current assets

Non-current assets:
Other assets
Property and equipment
Investments in equity accounted entities
Deferred income tax asset
Intangible assets
Goodwill

Total non-current assets

TOTAL ASSETS

LIABILITIES 

Current liabilities:

Accounts payable
Contract liabilities (4)
Dividends payable to shareholders
Income taxes payable
Non-recourse project financing
Current portion of loans and borrowings
Provisions
Other liabilities

Total current liabilities

Non-current liabilities:

Loans and borrowings
Deferred income tax liability
Investments in equity accounted entities
Other liabilities

Total non-current liabilities

SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY
Shareholders' capital
Contributed surplus
Retained earnings
Accumulated other comprehensive income 

Total shareholders' equity

As at January 1, 2017

As at December 31, 2017

As previously
reported (1)

Adjustments

Restated

As previously
reported (1)

Adjustments

Restated

246,519
15,357
386,469
10,047
66,443
567
2,688
9,900
-
737,990

3,680
45,517
-
6,737
1,735
16,389
74,058

-
-
(12,761)
4,570
-
-
-
-
-
(8,191)

-
-
-
-
-
-
-

$

246,519
15,357
373,708
14,617
66,443
567
2,688
9,900
-
729,799

3,680
45,517
-
6,737
1,735
16,389
74,058

114,092
18,963
367,791
29,600
73,951
514
2,519
6,041
409
613,880

7,577
52,397
12,237
8,615
1,538
16,389
98,753

-
-
(11,263)
5,362
-
-
-
-
-
(5,901)

-
-
-
-
-
-
-

114,092
18,963
356,528
34,962
73,951
514
2,519
6,041
409
607,979

7,577
52,397
12,237
8,615
1,538
16,389
98,753

812,048

(8,191)

803,857

$

712,633

(5,901)

706,732

453,338
76,518
2,691
18,557
59,222
2,765
5,287
1,569
619,947

8,623
14,726
881
4,305
28,535

42,527
1,932
119,107
-
163,566

(17,002)
5,036
-
-
-
-
6,546
-
(5,420)

-
(748)
-
-
(748)

-
-
(2,023)
-
(2,023)

$

436,336
81,554
2,691
18,557
59,222
2,765
11,833
1,569
614,527

8,623
13,978
881
4,305
27,787

42,527
1,932
117,084
-
161,543

381,385
57,628
1,382
5,539
63,685
4,755
6,466
2,380
523,220

13,843
10,151
-
6,798
30,792

42,527
1,949
114,143
2
158,621

(8,304)
4,748
-
-
-
-
4,237
-
681

-
(1,777)
-
-
(1,777)

-
-
(4,805)
-
(4,805)

373,081
62,376
1,382
5,539
63,685
4,755
10,703
2,380
523,901

13,843
8,374
-
6,798
29,015

42,527
1,949
109,338
2
153,816

TOTAL LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY

$

812,048

(8,191)

803,857

$

712,633

(5,901)

706,732

(1)  Certain comparative figures for the prior year have been reclassified to conform to the presentation adopted in the current year (note 30)
(2)  Previously reported as Costs and estimated earnings in excess of billings
(3)  Previously reported as Costs and estimated earnings in excess of billings - alternative finance projects
(4)  Previously reported as Deferred contract revenue

The application of IFRS 15 did not affect our cash flow totals from operating, investing, or financing 
activities. 

Page 51 

 
 
 
         
                
         
         
                
         
           
                
           
           
                
           
         
          
         
         
          
         
           
            
           
           
            
           
           
                
           
           
                
           
               
                
               
               
                
               
            
                
            
            
                
            
            
                
            
            
                
            
                
                
                
               
                
               
         
           
         
         
           
         
            
                
            
            
                
            
           
                
           
           
                
           
                
                
                
           
                
           
            
                
            
            
                
            
            
                
            
            
                
            
           
                
           
           
                
           
           
                
           
           
                
           
         
           
         
         
           
         
                
                
 
         
          
         
         
           
         
           
            
           
           
            
           
            
                
            
            
                
            
           
                
           
            
                
            
           
                
           
           
                
           
            
                
            
            
                
            
            
            
           
            
            
           
            
                
            
            
                
            
         
           
         
         
               
         
            
                
            
           
                
           
           
              
           
           
           
            
               
                
               
                
                
                
            
                
            
            
                
            
           
              
           
           
           
           
           
                
           
           
                
           
            
                
            
            
                
            
         
           
         
         
           
         
                
                
                
                   
                
                   
         
           
         
         
           
         
         
           
         
         
           
         
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 
December 31, 2018 
(in thousands of Canadian dollars, except per share amounts) 

IFRS 9, Financial Instruments: 

The  Company  has  adopted  IFRS  9  effective  January  1,  2018  with  no  restatement.  The  restatement  of  prior 
periods  is  not  required  and  is  only  permitted  if  information  is  available  without  the  use  of  hindsight.  The 
Company has completed its analysis of the impact of IFRS 9 with the following results: 

a) 

IFRS 9 introduces new requirements for the classification and measurement of financial assets. Under 
IFRS 9, financial assets are classified and measured based on the business model in which they are held 
and the characteristics of their contractual cash flows. The financial assets are subsequently measured 
at amortized cost, fair value through profit and loss or fair value through other comprehensive income. 
There was no impact to the classification and measurement of the Company’s financial assets. 

There are no changes to the classification and measurement of the Company’s financial instruments as 
at  January  1,  2018  as a  result  of  adopting  IFRS  9  except  that  the  grouping  for  loans  and  receivables 
described in note 3 in the annual financial statements is now referred to as financial assets.       

Financial instruments at fair value through profit or loss (FVTPL)

IAS 39

IFRS 9

Non-recourse project financing - interest rate swaps

FVTPL

FVTPL

FVTPL

FVTPL

FVTPL

FVTPL

Interest rate swaps

Total return swap derivatives

Financial assets

Cash and cash equivalents

Accounts receivable

Other non-current assets

Financial liabilities

Accounts payable

Loans and receivables (amortized cost)

Financial assets (amortized cost)

Loans and receivables (amortized cost)

Financial assets (amortized cost)

Loans and receivables (amortized cost)

Financial assets (amortized cost)

Financial liabilities (amortized cost)

Financial liabilities (amortized cost)

Dividends payable to shareholders

Financial liabilities (amortized cost)

Financial liabilities (amortized cost)

Non-recourse project financing - loan facilities

Financial liabilities (amortized cost)

Financial liabilities (amortized cost)

Loans and borrowings

Deferred payment

Financial liabilities (amortized cost)

Financial liabilities (amortized cost)

Financial liabilities (amortized cost)

Financial liabilities (amortized cost)

b) 

IFRS 9 replaces the incurred loss model from IAS 39 by introducing a new ‘expected credit loss’ model 
for calculating impairment of financial assets. IFRS 9 specifies different approaches for measuring and 
recognizing expected credit losses, by considering only defaults in the next 12 months and/or the full 
remaining life of the financial asset. The expected credit loss model requires a credit loss to be reflected 
in  profit  and  loss  immediately  after  an  asset  or  receivable  is  acquired,  with  subsequent  changes  in 
expected  credit  losses  at  each  reporting  date  recorded  to  reflect  any  change  in  credit  risk.  IFRS  9 
provides a simplified approach for certain trade receivables and IFRS 15 contract assets. As a result of 
adopting  the  new  standard,  the  Company  has  determined  that  the  impact  of  applying  the  ‘expected 
credit  loss  model’  for  calculating  impairment  of  financial  assets  was  not  material,  and  therefore  no 
amounts were recorded on the financial statements on transition date. 

c) 

 IFRS 9 includes a new general hedge accounting standard which aligns hedge accounting more closely 
with  risk  management.  This  new  standard  does  not  fundamentally  change  the  types  of  hedging 
relationships  or  the  requirement  to  measure  and  recognize  ineffectiveness;  however,  it  will  provide 
more hedging strategies that are used for risk management to qualify for hedge accounting and introduce 
more judgement to assess the effectiveness of a hedging relationship. The Company does not currently 
elect hedge accounting and is not intending to apply hedge accounting under IFRS 9 and therefore there 
is no adjustment on transition date. 

Page 52 

 
 
 
 
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 
December 31, 2018 
(in thousands of Canadian dollars, except per share amounts) 

5.  Future accounting changes 

Several new standards and amendments to standards and interpretations are not yet effective for the year 
ended December 31, 2018 and have not been applied in preparing these consolidated financial statements.  

IFRS 16, Leases: 
On January 13, 2016, the  IASB issued IFRS 16 Leases. The  new standard is effective for annual periods 
beginning  on  or  after  January  1,  2019.  This  standard  introduces  a  single  lessee  accounting  model  and 
requires a lessee to recognize assets and liabilities for all leases with a term of more than twelve months 
unless the underlying assets are of low value. A lessee is required to recognize a right-of-use (“ROU”) asset 
and a lease liability representing its obligation to make lease payments.  

The  Company  intends  to  adopt  IFRS  16  in  its  financial  statements  for  the  annual  period  beginning  on 
January 1, 2019. The standard may be applied retrospectively or using a modified retrospective approach.  
The Company plans to use the modified  retrospective approach which does not require  restatement of 
prior period financial information. 

The Company continues to make progress in the evaluation of its contracts that may contain a ROU asset.  
The Company anticipates that the most significant impact of adopting IFRS 16 will be the recognition of 
ROU assets and corresponding lease liability related to leases with a term of 12 months or more on the 
Consolidated  Balance  Sheet  at  January  1,  2019.  The  additional  right-of-use  asset  and  lease  liability  is 
expected to result in an increase in depreciation and amortization expense and increase in interest costs 
on  its  lease  liabilities,  with  a  corresponding  decrease  in  operating  lease  expenses.  The  Company  also 
expects an increase in operating cashflows with a corresponding reduction in financing cashflows under 
IFRS 16.  

On initial adoption, the Company intends to use the following practical expedients permitted under the 
standard: 

(cid:120)  Apply a single discount rate to a portfolio of leases with similar characteristics; 
(cid:120)  Account for leases with a remaining term of less than 12 months as at January 1, 2019 as short-

term leases; 

(cid:120)  The use of hindsight in determining the lease term where the contract contains terms to extend 

or terminate the lease; and 

(cid:120)  Use the Company’s previous assessment of impairment under IAS 37 for onerous contracts instead 

of re-assessing the ROU asset for impairment on January 1, 2019. 

The company is finalizing its overall analysis, assessing any potential impact to IT systems and internal 
controls and reviewing additional disclosures required by the new standard. 

The  Company  expects  the  adoption  of  the  standard  to  result  in  an  increase  in  assets  of approximately 
$16.0  million  and  an  increase  in  liabilities  of  $18.0  million,  with  a  corresponding  reduction  to  opening 
retained earnings for the net difference of approximately $2.0 million as at January 1, 2019.  The Company 
continues to assess the impact of adopting IFRS 16 on deferred tax balances. 

IFRIC 23, Uncertainty over Income Tax Treatments: 
On June 7, 2017, the IASB issued IFRIC Interpretation 23 Uncertainty over Income Tax Treatments. The 
Interpretation provides guidance on the accounting for current and deferred tax liabilities and assets in 
circumstances in which there is uncertainty over income tax treatments. The Interpretation is applicable 
for annual periods beginning on or after January 1, 2019. Earlier application is permitted. The Company 
intends to adopt the Interpretation in its financial statements for the annual period beginning on January 

Page 53 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 
December 31, 2018 
(in thousands of Canadian dollars, except per share amounts) 

1,  2019.  The  Company  does  not  expect  the  Interpretation  to  have  a  material  impact  on  the  financial 
statements. 

6.  Revenue  

Disaggregation of revenue: 
The Company disaggregates revenue from contracts with customers by contract type, as this best depicts 
how  the  nature,  amount,  timing  and  uncertainty  of  revenue  and  cash  flows  are  affected  by  economic 
factors. 

The following tables provides details of total construction revenue by contract type for the year ended 
December 31, 2018:  

Fixed price / Unit price
Design-Build and PPP
Cost reimbursable / Cost plus

$

2018
725,798
394,693
261,293

$

2017
(restated)

708,751
467,759
242,047

$

1,381,784

$

1,418,557

Remaining performance obligations: 
The total value of all contracts awarded to the Company, less the total value of work completed on these 
contracts as of the date of the most recently completed quarter is referred to as remaining performance 
obligations. This includes  all  contracts that have been awarded to the Company whether the work  has 
commenced or will commence in the normal course. 

As  at  December  31,  2018  the  aggregate  amount  of  the  transaction  price  allocated  to  total  remaining 
performance obligations from construction contracts is $1,295,940. The value of remaining performance 
obligations does not include amounts for variable consideration that are constrained, agency relationship 
construction management projects, and estimated future work orders to be performed as part of master 
services agreements.  

The Company expects to recognize 80% of the remaining performance obligations over the next 12 months 
with  the  remaining  balance  being  recognized  beyond  12  months.  This  expectation  is  based  on 
management’s best estimate but contains uncertainty as it is subject to factors outside of management’s 
control. 

Summary of contract balances  

The following table provides information about receivables, contract assets and contract liabilities from 
contracts with customers.  

Progress billings and holdbacks receivable (note 8)
Contract assets
Contract assets - alternative finance projects (note 7)
Contract liabilities

December 31, 
2018

December 31, 
2017
(restated)

January 1, 
2017
(restated)

$

$

$

329,891
28,412
7,126
(60,003)

$

348,672
34,962
73,951
(62,376)

367,814
14,617
66,443
(81,554)

305,426

$

395,209

$

367,320

Page 54 

 
 
 
 
       
        
       
        
       
        
    
      
 
 
 
 
          
        
        
            
          
          
             
          
          
          
         
         
          
        
        
 
 
 
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 
December 31, 2018 
(in thousands of Canadian dollars, except per share amounts) 

Progress billings and holdbacks receivable:  
The Company issues invoices in accordance with the billing schedule or contract terms as agreed. These 
invoices trigger recognition of an accounts receivable. 

Contract assets including alternative finance projects:  
The  Company  receives  payments  from  customers  based  on  a  billing  schedule,  as  established  in  the 
contracts. A contract asset relates to the conditional right to consideration for the completed performance 
under  the  contract.  Accounts  receivable  are  recognized  when  the  right  to  consideration  becomes 
unconditional.  Contract  assets  related  to  construction  contracts  are  typically  recognized  to  accounts 
receivable within a year, while alternative finance projects follow a contractually agreed billing schedule 
that is recognized to accounts receivable upon substantial performance.   

Balance January 1, 2017
Reduction of contract assets as a result of 
progress billings in year
Additions to contract assets
Balance December 31, 2017

Reduction of contract assets as a result of 
progress billings in year
Additions to contract assets
Balance December 31, 2018

$

$

$

Contract assets

 Construction 
contracts 

14,617

$

 Alternative 
finance projects 
66,443

(9,031)
29,376
34,962

(24,831)
18,281
28,412

$

$

(24,437)
31,945
73,951

(73,951)
7,126
7,126

Total
81,060

(33,468)
61,321
108,913

(98,782)
25,407
35,538

$

$

$

Contract liabilities:  
Contract liabilities relate to payments received in advance of performance under the contract. Contract 
liabilities are recognized as revenue as (or when) the Company performs under the contract. Typically, 
contract liabilities are recognized within a year as performance is achieved per contractual terms. 

During the year, $62,376 of revenue (2017 - $81,554) was recognized that was included in the contract 
liability balance at the beginning year.  

For  the  year  ended  December  31,  2018,  $11,450  of  revenue  was  recognized  from  the  satisfaction  of 
performance obligations relating to previous periods. This amount relates to changes in the transaction 
price due to contract modifications and various other cumulative catch up adjustments. 

7.  Alternative finance projects  

The following table provides details of contract assets – alternative finance projects as at December 31, 
2018:  

Balance December 31, 2017
Changes in non-cash working capital relating to 
alternative finance projects
Balance December 31, 2018

$

$

Page 55 

Moncton 
Downtown 
Centre

73,951

$

OPP 
Modernization 
Phase 2
-

(73,951)
-

$

7,126
7,126

Total

73,951

(66,825)
7,126

$

$

 
 
 
 
              
              
       
              
             
      
              
              
       
              
              
     
             
             
      
              
               
       
              
               
       
 
 
 
 
        
             
       
       
          
      
            
          
         
 
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 
December 31, 2018 
(in thousands of Canadian dollars, except per share amounts) 

The following table provides details of the changes in the Company’s Non-Recourse Project Financing 
during the year. 

Loan 
Facility

Moncton Downtown Centre
Interest 
rate swap
(290)
-
-
-

63,975
12,499
(76,474)
-

$

OPP Modernization Phase 2

Loan 
Facility

Interest 
rate swap

$

$

-
12,235
-
(1,024)

$

-
-
-
-

Total
63,685
24,734
(76,474)
(1,024)

-
-

$

290
-

$

-
11,211

$

613
613

$

903
11,824

Balance December 31, 2017
Proceeds
Repayment of debt
Transaction costs net of amortization
Change in fair value of interest rate 
swap
Balance December 31, 2018

$

$

 (a) Moncton Downtown Centre 

i.  Background information: 

During 2015, the Company was awarded a fixed-price build-finance contract to construct the Moncton 
Downtown Centre. The project obtained substantial completion during the second quarter of 2018. 

ii.  Restricted cash: 

The terms of the debt financing agreement  require  that scheduled  loan advances be deposited into a 
bank account, that cannot be accessed directly by the Company. Upon recommendation by the lender’s 
technical advisor, cash is released monthly based on the progress of the work (note 26). 

iii.  Contract assets: 

There are no contract assets as at December 31, 2018 related to the Moncton Downtown Centre project 
(December 31, 2017 - $73,951). The project obtained substantial completion during the second quarter 
of 2018 and had billed according to contract.  

iv.  Loan payable:  

The Company had a $77,478 loan facility related to the project, of which $nil is outstanding at December 
31, 2018 (December 31, 2017 - $63,975). The project obtained substantial completion during the second 
quarter of 2018 and the loan was repaid in full.  

Interest was paid monthly in arrears. Borrowings under the facility bear interest at a rate per equal to 
the bankers’ acceptance rate per annum plus a spread. As part of the loan facility, the Company entered 
into an interest rate swap agreement that effectively fixes the interest rate at 1.89%. The interest rate 
swap was executed on December 31, 2015 and expired on July 31, 2018. The notional amounts of the 
interest rate swap agreement matched the estimated draws under the  loan facility. The interest rate 
swap agreement is not designated as a hedge, and changes in the fair market value are recorded in the 
statement of income. At December 31, 2018, the interest rate swap asset is $nil (December 31, 2017 – 
interest rate swap asset $290). Interest expense on the loan in year ended December 31, 2018 of $731 
(December 31, 2017 - $951) is included in finance costs. 

Page 56 

 
 
  
     
       
         
         
     
     
         
    
         
     
    
         
         
         
   
          
         
    
         
     
          
        
         
        
         
          
         
    
        
     
 
 
 
 
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 
December 31, 2018 
(in thousands of Canadian dollars, except per share amounts) 

(b) OPP Modernization Phase 2 

i.  Background information: 

During 2018, the Company was awarded a fixed-price design build-finance contract to construct the 
Ontario Provincial Police (“OPP”) Modernization Phase 2 project. 

ii.  Restricted cash: 

The terms of the debt financing agreement  require  that scheduled  loan advances be deposited into a 
bank account, that cannot be accessed directly by the Company. Upon recommendation by the lender’s 
technical advisor, cash is released monthly based on the progress of the work (note 26). 

iii.  Contract assets: 

Contract assets as at December 31, 2018 related to the OPP Modernization Phase 2 project  and amounted 
to $7,126. (December 31, 2017 – n/a). Contract assets will continue to increase throughout the project 
until a contract payment is made to the Company following substantial completion of the project.  

iv.  Loan payable:  

The Company has arranged a $138,475 loan facility related to the project, of which $12,235 has been 
drawn at December 31, 2018 (December 31, 2017 – n/a). The loan is repayable in full, upon substantial 
completion  of  the  project,  from  the  proceeds  of  the  fixed  price  build-finance  contract  payment.  The 
scheduled substantial completion date is in 2020. In the event of a default in payment for the construction 
work upon substantial completion, including interim interest costs, the lender has recourse only against 
assets related to this project, which have been segregated in a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company.  

Interest is paid monthly in arrears. Borrowings under the facility bear interest at a rate per annum equal 
to the bankers’ acceptance rate plus a spread. As part of the loan facility, the Company entered into an 
interest rate swap agreement that effectively fixes the interest rate at 3.29%. The interest rate swap 
was executed on August 17, 2018 and expires on January 4, 2021. The notional amounts of the interest 
rate  swap  agreement  matched  the  estimated  draws  under  the  loan  facility.  The  interest  rate  swap 
agreement  is  not  designated  as  a  hedge,  and  changes  in  the  fair  market  value  are  recorded  in  the 
statement of income. At December 31, 2018, the interest rate swap liability is $613 (December 31, 2017 
– n/a). Interest expense on the loan during the year ended December 31, 2018 of $249 (December 31, 
2017 – n/a) is included in finance costs. 

8.  Accounts receivable 

Progress billings on construction contracts
Holdbacks receivable (due within one operating cycle)
Other

2018

221,259
108,632
7,772
337,663

$

$

 2017 
(restated)

216,623
132,049
7,856
356,528

$

$

Accounts receivable are reported net of an allowance for doubtful accounts of $1,271 as at December 
31, 2018 ($1,672 – December 31, 2017). 

Holdbacks  receivable  represent  amounts  billed  on  construction  contracts  which  are  not  due  until  the 
contract work is substantially completed and the applicable lien period has expired. 

Page 57 

 
 
 
        
         
        
         
           
            
        
         
 
 
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 
December 31, 2018 
(in thousands of Canadian dollars, except per share amounts) 

9.  Other assets        

Subcontractor/Supplier insurance deposits
Notes receivable
Total return swap derivatives
Other assets

Less: current portion - total return swap derivatives
Non-current portion

$

$

$

2018

2017

5,727
1,125
-
6,852

-
6,852

$

$

$

4,846
1,145
1,995
7,986

409
7,577

Subcontractor/Supplier insurance deposits relate to the Company's insurance policies which provide Bird 
with comprehensive coverage, subject to a deductible, in respect of subcontractor or supplier default on 
certain projects where the subcontractor or supplier is enrolled in the program. As at December 31, 2018, 
the  funds  held  by  the  Company’s  subcontractor  insurance  providers  amounted  to  $5,727  (December  31, 
2017 - $4,846). 

The Company entered into Total Return Swap (“TRS”) derivative contracts for the purpose of managing its 
exposure to changes in the fair value of its MTIP, EIP and DSU share-based compensation plans (note 16(b)), 
due to changes in the fair value of the Company’s common shares. Derivatives are initially recognized at 
fair value when a derivative contract is entered into and are subsequently remeasured at their fair value. 
The  TRS  derivative  contracts  are  not  designated  as  a  hedge,  and  changes  in  the  fair  market  value  are 
recorded as compensation expense in the statement of income (note 16(b)). As at December 31, 2018, the 
Company recorded a derivative liability of $2,218 (note 15) (December 31, 2017 – asset of $1,995).  

10.  Projects and entities accounted for using the equity method 

The  Company  performs  some  construction  and  concession  related  projects  through  non-consolidated 
entities. The Company’s participation in these entities is conducted through joint ventures and associates 
and  is  accounted  for  using  the  equity  method.  The  Company  also  has  a  joint  venture  interest  in  Stack 
Modular group of companies and accounts for these investments using the equity method. The Company’s 
joint ventures and associates are private entities and there is no quoted market value available for their 
shares.  

Page 58 

 
 
            
            
            
            
               
            
            
            
               
               
            
            
 
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 
December 31, 2018 
(in thousands of Canadian dollars, except per share amounts) 

December 31, 2018

Joint 
Ventures

Associates

100,695  $
538,118 
638,813 

47,410  $

174,038 
221,448 

56,071 
545,431 
601,502 

20,766 
175,211 
195,977 

Total
148,105 
712,156 
860,261 

76,837 
720,642 
797,479 

37,311  $

25,471  $

62,782 

14,018  $

2,547  $

16,565 

142,203  $

33,283  $

175,486 

3,263  $

5,812  $

9,075 

1,313  $

581  $

1,894 

December 31, 2017

Joint 
Ventures

Associates

168,370  $
307,951 
476,321 

347,456  $
169,401 
516,857 

30,888 
426,102 
456,990 

305,129 
178,650 
483,779 

Total
515,826 
477,352 
993,178 

336,017 
604,752 
940,769 

19,331  $

33,078  $

52,409 

8,929  $

3,308  $

12,237 

192,150  $

118,418  $

310,568 

3,711  $

8,741  $

12,452 

901  $

874  $

1,775 

$

$

$

$

$

$

$

$

$

$

$

$

Total current assets
Total non-current assets
Total assets

Total current liabilities
Total non-current liabilities
Total liabilities

Net assets (liabilities) - 100%

Attributable to the Company

Revenue - 100%

Total comprehensive income (loss) - 100%

Attributable to the Company

Total current assets
Total non-current assets
Total assets

Total current liabilities
Total non-current liabilities
Total liabilities

Net assets (liabilities) - 100%

Attributable to the Company

Revenue - 100%

Total comprehensive income (loss) - 100%

Attributable to the Company

Page 59 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 
December 31, 2018 
(in thousands of Canadian dollars, except per share amounts) 

The  movement  in  the  investment  in  projects  and  entities  accounted  for  using  the  equity  method  is  as 
follows: 

Projects and entities accounted for using the equity method - December 31, 2016
Share of net income for the year
Share of other comprehensive income (loss) for the year
Distributions from projects and entities accounted for using the equity method
Investments in equity accounted entities 

$

Projects and entities accounted for using the equity method - December 31, 2017
Share of net income for the year
Share of other comprehensive income (loss) for the year
Distributions from projects and entities accounted for using the equity method
Investments in equity accounted entities 
Investments in equity accounted entities reclassified as held for sale

(881)
1,775
2
(803)
12,144

12,237
1,894
1
(1,873)
4,020
(3,762)

Projects and entities accounted for using the equity method - December 31, 2018

$

12,517

The  Company  has  recognized  the  income  and  losses  related  to  its  investments  in  associates  and  joint 
ventures, as the Company has an obligation to fund its proportionate share of the net liabilities of these 
entities. 

The carrying amount of investments in  equity accounted entities may not always equal the Company’s 
share  of  the  net  assets  or  net  liabilities  of  these  joint  ventures  and  associates,  due  to  fair  value 
adjustments including goodwill, and the timing of capital contributions or distributions in accordance with 
contract terms.  

Transactions  with  these  related  parties  are  described  in  note  25  in  the  financial  statements.  Amounts 
committed for future capital injections to concession entities are described in note 24 (a) in the financial 
statements.  

Investments in equity accounted entities classified as held for sale: 

During the year ended December 31, 2018, the Company initiated an active plan to sell its investments in 
two entities accounted for using the equity method. These investments have been classified as investments 
held for sale on the Consolidated Statements of Financial Position. 

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Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 
December 31, 2018 
(in thousands of Canadian dollars, except per share amounts) 

11.  Property and equipment 

Cost
Balance January 1, 2018
Additions
Additions under finance leases
Disposals
Balance December 31, 2018

Accumulated depreciation
Balance January 1, 2018
Disposals
Depreciation expense
Balance December 31, 2018

Net book value

Cost
Balance January 1, 2017
Additions
Additions under finance leases
Disposals
Balance December 31, 2017

Accumulated depreciation
Balance January 1, 2017
Disposals
Depreciation expense
Balance December 31, 2017

Net book value

2018

Leasehold 
improvements

Equipment, 
trucks and 
automotive

Furniture and 
office 
equipment

7,355
686
-
-
8,041

3,325
-
519
3,844

95,651
11,660
3,851
(5,984)
105,178

57,905
(4,805)
9,390
62,490

2,294
314
-
-
2,608

1,728
-
157
1,885

Land

Buildings

1,774
-
-

(5)
1,769

-
-
-
-

13,446
443
-
(1,457)
12,432

5,165
(279)
697
5,583

1,769

6,849

4,197

42,688

723

2017

Leasehold 
improvements

Equipment, 
trucks and 
automotive

Furniture and 
office 
equipment

Land

Buildings

1,681
40
53
-
1,774

-
-
-
-

12,396
1,050
-
-
13,446

4,349
-
816
5,165

7,765
921
-
(1,331)
7,355

4,220
(1,331)
436
3,325

85,672
14,088
9,414
(13,523)
95,651

54,023
(6,247)
10,129
57,905

2,182
123
-
(11)
2,294

1,587
(9)
150
1,728

1,774

8,281

4,030

37,746

566

Total

120,520
13,103
3,851
(7,446)
130,028

68,123
(5,084)
10,763
73,802

56,226

Total

109,696
16,222
9,467
(14,865)
120,520

64,179
(7,587)
11,531
68,123

52,397

$

$

$

$

$

$

$

$

$

$

$

$

$

$

$

$

$

$

$

$

The statement of cash flows for year December 31, 2018 excludes additions of equipment totalling $3,851 
(December 31, 2017 - $9,467), leasehold improvements of $nil (December 31, 2017 - $861) and buildings 
$nil (December 31, 2017 - $1,050) acquired by financed leases and lessor inducements.  

During  the  year  ended  December  31,  2018,  the  Company  purchased,  sold,  and  finance  leased  back 
equipment totalling $nil (December 31, 2017 - $6,337). 

The carrying value of equipment, trucks and automotive held under finance leases at December 31, 2018 
is $13,075 (December 31, 2017 - $10,747).  

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Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 
December 31, 2018 
(in thousands of Canadian dollars, except per share amounts) 

12.  Intangible assets and goodwill 

Cost
Balance January 1, 2018
Additions
Disposals
Balance December 31, 2018

Accumulated amortization
Balance January 1, 2018
Disposals
Amortization expense
Balance December 31, 2018

Net book value

Cost
Balance January 1, 2017
Additions
Disposals
Balance December 31, 2017

Accumulated amortization
Balance January 1, 2017
Disposals
Amortization expense
Balance December 31, 2017

Net book value

Goodwill

Rideau districts
Nason district

2018

Computer 
Software

Goodwill

6,250
1,510
-
7,760

4,712
-
473
5,185

2,575

2017

Computer 
Software

5,989
261
-
6,250

4,254
-
458
4,712

1,538

$

$

$

$

$

$

$

$

$

$

30,540
-
-
30,540

14,151
-
-
14,151

16,389

Goodwill

30,540
-
-
30,540

14,151
-
-
14,151

16,389

2018

9,294
7,095
16,389

2017

9,294
7,095
16,389

$

$

$

$

$

$

$

$

$

$

$

$

$

$

The recoverable amounts for the Rideau and Nason cash generating units (“CGU”) were determined based 
on  a  value  in  use  calculation  using  cash  flow  projections  from  financial  forecasts  approved  by  senior 
management covering a three-year period.  Significant assumptions used in the calculation of value in use 
were the level of new awards, the construction gross margin percentage, the level of operating and capital 
costs,  the  discount  rate  and  the  terminal  value  growth  rate.    Budgeted  net  income  was  based  on 
expectation of future outcomes taking into account past experience, the Company’s annual business plan 
and  the  Company’s  strategic  plan  adjusted  for  a  number  of  weighted  probabilities  based  on  current 

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Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 
December 31, 2018 
(in thousands of Canadian dollars, except per share amounts) 

economic conditions.  Cash flows for the remaining periods were extrapolated using nominal growth rates.  
An  after-tax  discount  rate  of  10.4%,  which  is  based  on  a  market-based  cost  of  capital,  was  applied  in 
determining the recoverable amounts.  

13.  Loans and Borrowings and Operating and Equipment Lines of Credit 

Maturity

Interest Rate

December 31, 
2018

December 31, 
2017

Revolving credit facility  December 31, 2021
Equipment financing
   Term loans 
   Term loans 
Term loan 

2018-2023
2018
fully repaid

Finance lease liabilities

Less: current portion of long-term debt
Less: current portion of finance lease liabilities
Current portion of loans and borrowings

Variable  3.87%

$

15,000

$

5,000

2.40% to 3.65%

Fixed 
Variable 2.65%
2.12%
Fixed 

6,198
-
-
21,198
8,759
29,957

2,151
3,053
5,204

4,381
419
377
10,177
8,421
18,598

2,479
2,276
4,755

Non-current portion of loans and borrowings

$

24,753

$

13,843

Committed revolving operating credit facilities:  
The Company has a committed revolving credit facility up to $85,000. The term of the facility matures 
December  31,  2021.  As  part  of  the  agreement,  the  Company  continues  to  provide  a  general  secured 
interest in the assets of the Company. At December 31, 2018, the Company has $24,291 letters of credit 
outstanding on the facility (December 31, 2017 – $26,446) and has drawn $15,000 on the facility (December 
31, 2017 - $5,000). The full amount is recorded as non-current, as the facility is due and payable December 
31, 2021. Borrowings under the facility bear interest at a rate per annum equal to the Canadian prime 
rate plus a spread. A commitment fee that varies depending on certain consolidated financial ratios is due 
on the unutilized portion of the facility. The Company is in compliance with the working capital, minimum 
equity and debt-to-equity covenants of this facility.  

Expiry date

2019

2020 to 
2022

2023 and 
greater

December 31, 
2018

December 31, 
2017

Letters of credit

$

9,216

15,075

-

$

24,291

$

26,446

Committed revolving term loan facility: 
The Company has a committed revolving term loan facility totalling $35,000 for the purpose of financing 
acquisitions  and  for  working  capital  advances  in  support  of  major  projects.  The  facility  matures  on 
December 31, 2020. As of December 31, 2018, the Company has drawn $nil (December 31, 2017 -n/a) on 
the facility. Borrowings under the facility bear interest at a rate per annum equal to the Canadian prime 
rate plus a spread. A commitment fee that varies depending on certain consolidated financial ratios is due 

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Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 
December 31, 2018 
(in thousands of Canadian dollars, except per share amounts) 

on the unutilized portion of the facility. The Company is in compliance with the working capital, minimum 
equity and debt-to-equity covenants of this facility. 

Equipment financing:  
The Company and its subsidiaries have committed term credit facilities of up to $45,000 to be used to 
finance  equipment  purchases. Borrowings  under the facilities are secured by  a first charge against the 
equipment financed using the facilities. As of December 31, 2018, the Company has $6,656 outstanding 
on the facilities (December 31, 2017 - $5,823). Interest on the facilities can be charged at a fixed rate 
based on the Bank of Canada bond rate plus a spread. Interest is paid monthly in arrears.  

The Company and its subsidiaries obtained multiple fixed interest rate term loans which have been used 
to  finance  equipment  purchases.  The  maturity  dates  of  term  loans  outstanding  at  December  31,  2018 
range from 2019 to 2023. These term loans bear interest at a range of fixed rates from 2.40% to 3.65%. 
Principal  repayments  and  interest  are  payable  monthly,  and  these  term  loans  are  secured  by  specific 
equipment of the Company and its subsidiaries. 

The  Company  and  its  subsidiaries  obtained  a  variable  interest  rate  term  loan  which  has  been  used  to 
finance equipment purchases. The term loan outstanding at December 31, 2018 had an initial principal 
amount of $2,645 and matured in 2018.  

Subsidiaries of the Company have established operating lease lines of credit of $32,500 with the financing 
arms  of  major  heavy  equipment  suppliers  to  finance  operating  equipment  leases.  Draws  under  these 
facilities are generally recognized as finance leases or operating leases, with the lease obligations being 
secured by the specific leased equipment (see note 24). At December 31, 2018, the subsidiaries had used 
$6,630 under these facilities.  

Term loan facility: 
A subsidiary of the Company had a fixed rate term loan used to finance a building. Principal repayments 
in the amount of $2 were payable monthly based upon a 25-year amortization period with interest at a 
fixed rate of 2.12%. The term loan facility was repaid in full in the third quarter of 2018. 

Finance lease liabilities: 
Finance leases relate to construction and automotive equipment and mature between October 2018 and 
September 2022, and bear interest at the 30-day bankers’ acceptance rate plus a spread. The Corporation 
has the option to purchase the construction and automotive equipment under lease at the conclusion of 
the lease agreements. As of December 31, 2018, the Company has $4,461 (December 31, 2017 - $2,598) 
outstanding as finance leases. 

Letters of credit facilities: 
The Company has authorized operating lines of credit totalling $80,000, at December 31, 2018, the lines 
were drawn for outstanding letters of credit of $8,468 (December 31, 2017 - $25,060).  

The Company has an agreement with Export Development Canada (EDC) to provide performance security 
guarantees for letters of credit issued by financial institutions on behalf of the Company. The Company 
can only use this facility when letters of credit have been issued as contract security for projects that 
meet the EDC criteria. EDC has issued performance security guarantees totalling $5,948 (December 31, 
2017 - $4,891). 

The letters of credit represent performance guarantees primarily issued in connection with design-build 
construction  contracts  related  to  Public  Private  Partnership  projects  and  other  major  construction 

Page 64 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 
December 31, 2018 
(in thousands of Canadian dollars, except per share amounts) 

projects. These letters of credit are supported through the hypothecation of certain financial instruments 
having a market value at December 31, 2018 of $2,645 (December 31, 2017 - $20,253). 

Expiry date

2020 to 
2022

2023 and 
greater

December 31, 
2018

December 31, 
2017

2019

Letters of credit

$

5,992

2,476

-

$

8,468

$

25,060

The following table provides details of the changes in the Company’s Loans and Borrowings during the 
year ended December 31, 2018.  

Balance December 31, 2017
Proceeds
Repayment 
Balance December 31, 2018

 Equipment 
financing
5,177
4,242
(3,221)
6,198

$

$

$

$

Revolving 
Credit 
Facility

5,000
10,000
-
15,000

$

$

Finance 
Leases

8,421
3,851
(3,513)
8,759

$

$

Total
18,598
18,093
(6,734)
29,957

The aggregate amount of principal repayments and future minimum lease payments under finance leases 
for all loans and borrowings is as follows: 

Equipment 
Financing

Revolving 
Credit 
Facility

Finance 
Leases

Within 1 year
Year 2
Year 3
Year 4
Year 5
More than 5 years
Balance December 31, 2018

Less interest

$

$

$

2,151
1,857
1,292
820
78

-
6,198

-

-
-
15,000
-
-
-
15,000

-

3,242
3,247
2,339
272
4

-
9,104

$

$

Total

5,393
5,104
18,631
1,092
82

-
30,302

(345)

(345)

6,198

15,000

8,759

$

29,957

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Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 
December 31, 2018 
(in thousands of Canadian dollars, except per share amounts) 

14.  Income taxes   

Provision for income taxes
Income tax expense (recovery) is comprised of:
   Current income taxes
   Deferred income taxes

Income tax rate reconciliation
Combined federal and provincial income tax rate
Increases (reductions) applicable to:
   Capital gains on sale of investments
   Non-taxable items
   Other
   Effective rate

2018

2017 
(restated)

$

$

1,652
(3,313)
(1,661)

$

$

11,724
(7,482)
4,242

27.3%

36.8%
(10.5%)
8.5%
62.1%

28.7%

-
2.5%
1.2%
32.4%

The Company's statutory tax rate is the combined federal and provincial tax rates in the jurisdictions in 
which the Company operates.  

Composition of deferred income tax assets and liabilities 

Provisions and accruals
Timing of recognition of construction profits
Property and equipment
Intangible assets
Investments in equity accounted entities
Other
Tax loss carry forward

Balance sheet presentation
Deferred income tax asset
Deferred income tax liability

2018

4,254
(9,028)
(1,819)
(321)
(3,293)
(72)
13,833
3,554

$

$

10,909
(7,355)

3,554

$

2017 
(restated)

3,173
(12,066)
(1,517)
(498)
(3,309)
(50)
14,508
241

8,615
(8,374)

241

$

$

$

The  Company  has  deferred  tax  assets  in  the  amount  of  $945  that  have  not  been  recognized  in  these 
consolidated  financial  statements  in  respect  of  capital  losses  realized  on  the  disposal  of  bonds  and 
preferred share investments in 2011, 2013 and 2015. A deferred tax asset has not been recognized because 
it is not probable the Company will generate future taxable capital gains.  

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Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 
December 31, 2018 
(in thousands of Canadian dollars, except per share amounts) 

Movement in temporary differences for the year ended December 31, 2018 

Provisions and accruals
Timing of recognition of construction profits
Property and equipment
Intangible assets
Investments in equity accounted entities
Other

Tax loss carry forward

Balance 
December 31, 
2017 
(restated)

Recognized in 
profit or loss

Balance 
December 31, 
2018

$

$

3,173
(12,066)
(1,517)
(498)
(3,309)
(50)

14,508

$

1,081
3,038
(302)
177
16
(22)

(675)

$

241

$

3,313

$

4,254
(9,028)
(1,819)
(321)
(3,293)
(72)

13,833

3,554

Movement in temporary differences for the year ended December 31, 2017 

Provisions and accruals
Timing of recognition of construction profits
Property and equipment
Intangible assets
Investments in equity accounted entities
Other

Tax loss carry forward

$

Balance 
January 1, 
2017 
(restated)

$

2,577
(11,191)
(1,739)
(671)
(899)
(264)

4,946

Recognized in 
profit or loss

Balance 
December 31, 
2017 
(restated)

$

596
(875)
222
173
(2,410)
214

9,562

3,173
(12,066)
(1,517)
(498)
(3,309)
(50)

14,508

$

(7,241)

$

7,482

$

241

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Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 
December 31, 2018 
(in thousands of Canadian dollars, except per share amounts) 

15.  Other liabilities      

Liabilities for cash-settled share-based compensation plans (note 16(b))
Leasehold inducement
Deferred payment
Total return swap derivatives
Interest rate swaps

Less: current portion - cash-settled share-based compensation plans 
(note 16(b))
Less: current portion - leasehold inducement
Less: current portion - deferred payment
Less: current portion - total return swap derivatives
Less: current portion - interest rate swaps

Non-current portion

16.  Share-based compensation plans  

(a)  Stock option plan: 

December 31, 
2018 

December 31, 
2017 

$

$

$

$

4,374
2,224
756
2,218
54
9,626

917
218
756
389
-
2,280

7,346

$

$

$

$

5,558
2,484
1,136
-
-
9,178

1,726
218
436
-
-
2,380

6,798

The Company has a Stock Option Plan that provides all option holders the right to receive common shares 
in exchange for the options exercised. The Board of Directors selects eligible employees to be granted 
options, the number of options granted, the exercise price, the term of the option and the vesting periods. 
The number of common shares issuable under the Stock Option Plan shall not exceed 10% of the number 
of common shares outstanding. With the approval of the Equity Incentive Plan in May 2017, the Board of 
Directors has resolved to suspend the stock option plan. All outstanding options will continue to vest in 
accordance with the term of the option and the vesting periods. 

Details of changes in the balance of stock options outstanding are as follows: 

Number of share 
options 
outstanding

Weighted average 
exercise price

Outstanding at December 31, 2016

             565,000 

$

   Forfeited during the year

Outstanding at December 31, 2017

   Forfeited during the year

             (30,000)

             535,000 

             (45,000)

Outstanding at December 31, 2018

             490,000 

$

13.61

13.98

13.59

13.98

13.55

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Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 
December 31, 2018 
(in thousands of Canadian dollars, except per share amounts) 

The following table summarizes information about stock options outstanding and exercisable as at  
December 31, 2018: 

Number of stock 

Number of stock 

Weighted 

average fair 

options issued and 

options 

Exercise 

value of the 

Remaining 

Contractual life 

outstanding

exercisable

price

option

Expiry Date

(years)

March 15, 2012 Grant

January 1, 2015 Grant

390,000

100,000

390,000

75,000

$       13.98  $              3.25  March 15, 2019
$       11.87  $              1.16  January 1, 2022

0.2
3.0

The stock-based compensation expense recognized during 2018 is $7 compared to an expense of $17 
during 2017. 

(b)   Medium term incentive plan (“MTIP”), Equity incentive plan (“EIP”) and Deferred share unit plan (“DSU 

Plan”): 

MTIP liability
EIP liability
DSU liability
Liabilities for cash-settled share-based compensation plans

Less: current portion - MTIP liability

Non-current portion

December 31, 
2018

December 31, 
2017 

$

$

$

$

1,226
1,336
1,812
4,374

917
917

3,457

$

$

$

$

2,975
861
1,722
5,558

1,726
1,726

3,832

The Company has recognized a derivative loss of $4,213 on its Total Return Swap contracts (note 9) and 
(note 15) for the year ended December 31, 2018 (December 31, 2017 - $1,995 gain). 

Balance January 1,

Annual award of phantom shares
Cash payments of vested shares
Shares awarded - notional dividends
Change in fair value of phantom shares
Balance December 31,

Less: current portion

Non-current portion

MTIP & EIP

2018

2017

$

$

$

3,836

$

2,207
(1,854)
162
(1,789)
2,562

917

1,645

$

$

3,004

2,403
(2,270)
167
532
3,836

1,726

2,110

As at December 31, 2018, a total of 920,489 unvested phantom units of the MTIP and EIP (December 31, 
2017 – 751,733) are outstanding and valued at $4,603, of which $2,562 has been recognized to date in the 
accounts of the Company.  

As at December 31, 2018, a total of 296,536 deferred share units (DSU) (December 31, 2017 – 169,830) 
were issued and valued at $1,812.  

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Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 
December 31, 2018 
(in thousands of Canadian dollars, except per share amounts) 

17.  Shareholders’ capital 

The Company is authorized to issue an unlimited number of common shares and has issued and outstanding 
42,516,853 common shares as at December 31, 2018. The Company is authorized to issue preference shares 
in series with rights set by the Board of Directors, up to a balance not to exceed 35% of the outstanding 
common shares.  

Balance, December 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017

42,516,853

$

42,527

Number of shares

Amount

18.   Earnings per share 

Details of the calculation of earnings per share are as follows: 

Profit (loss) attributable to shareholders (basic 
and diluted)

Average number of common shares outstanding
Effect of stock options on issue
Weighted average number of common shares 
(diluted)

Basic earnings (loss) per share
Diluted earnings (loss) per share

2018

2017 
(restated)

$

(1,013)

$

8,836

42,516,853

42,516,853

-

-

42,516,853

42,516,853

$
$

(0.02)
(0.02)

$
$

0.21
0.21

At December 31, 2018, 490,000 options (December 31, 2017 - 535,000 options) were excluded from the 
diluted  weighted  average  number  of  common  share  calculation  as  their  effect  would  have  been  anti-
dilutive.  

19.  Provisions 

Balance December 31, 2017

Provisions made during the year

Provisions used during the year

Provisions reversed during the year

Balance December 31, 2018

Warranty claims 
and other

Legal

Total

$

$

8,777

$

1,926

$

10,703

25,142

(23,732)

(3,521)

1,634

(1,362)

(271)

26,776

(25,094)

(3,792)

6,666

$

1,927

$

8,593

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Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 
December 31, 2018 
(in thousands of Canadian dollars, except per share amounts) 

Balance January 1, 2017 (restated)

Provisions made during the year

Provisions used during the year

Provisions reversed during the year

Balance December 31, 2017 (restated)

Warranty claims 
and other

Legal

Total

$

$

10,164

$

1,669

$

11,833

13,874

(13,139)

(2,122)

1,455

(674)

(524)

15,329

(13,813)

(2,646)

8,777

$

1,926

$

10,703

Various claims and litigation arise in the normal course of the construction business. It is management’s 
opinion that adequate provision has been made for any potential settlements relating to such matters and 
that they will not materially affect the financial position or future operations of the Company. 

20.  Finance income  

Interest income

21.  Finance and other costs 

Interest on loans and borrowings
Loss (gain) on interest rate swaps (note 7 and note 15)
Interest on non-recourse project financing
Other

2018

1,386

1,386

2018

1,504
957
980
1,035
4,476

$

$

$

$

2017 
(restated)

1,298

1,298

2017 
(restated)

666
(282)
1,152
459
1,995

$

$

$

$

For the prior year certain borrowing costs included in general and administrative expenses were 
reclassified to finance and other costs to conform to the presentation adopted in the current year. 

22.  Personnel costs 

Salary and benefits expense of the Company included in costs of construction and general and 
administrative expense is: 

Wages, salaries and profit sharing

Benefits
Deferred compensation
Stock-based compensation

2018

174,818

28,807
670
7
204,302

$

$

2017

172,460

28,140
3,795
17
204,412

$

$

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Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 
December 31, 2018 
(in thousands of Canadian dollars, except per share amounts) 

23.  Leases 

Future  minimum  annual  lease  payments  relating  to  lease  commitments  on  buildings,  equipment  and 
vehicles over the next five years are: 

Maturities
From 2020 to 
2023

2019

Beyond 2023

Total

Operating leases

$

5,115

15,740

10,780

$

31,635

The Company leases numerous pieces of heavy equipment under operating leases. The leases typically 
run for a period of three to four years with an option to purchase the equipment at the end of the lease. 

Expenses under lease commitments on buildings and equipment are $6,029 (December 31, 2017 - 
$6,561). 

24.  Commitments and contingencies 

(a)  Commitments: 

Outstanding  surety  lien  bonds  issued  on  behalf  of  the  Company  in  connection  with  liens  by 
subcontractors and suppliers at December 31, 2018 totalled $43,301 (December 31, 2017 - $24,109). 

The Company has acquired minority equity interests in a number of PPP concession entities (note 10), 
which requires the Company to make $5,859 in future capital injections. These commitments have been 
secured by letters of credit totalling $5,859 (December 31, 2017 - $8,131).  

(b)  Contingencies: 

The Company is contingently liable for the usual contractor’s obligations relating to performance and 
completion  of  construction  contracts.  These  include  the  Company’s  contingent  liability  for  the 
performance obligations of its subcontractors. Where possible and appropriate, the Company obtains 
performance  bonds,  subcontract/supplier  insurance  or  alternative  security  from  subcontractors. 
However, where this is not possible, the Company is exposed to the risk that subcontractors will fail to 
meet their performance obligations. In that eventuality, the Company would be obliged to complete 
the subcontractor’s contract, generally by engaging another subcontractor, and the cost of completing 
the work could exceed the original subcontract price. The Company makes appropriate provisions in 
the financial statements for all known liabilities relating to subcontractor defaults. 

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Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 
December 31, 2018 
(in thousands of Canadian dollars, except per share amounts) 

25.  Related party transactions 

Compensation of key management personnel represents the aggregate amounts paid and accrued to 
members of the Company’s Executive and the Company’s Board of Directors. 

2018

Base Salary

LTIP/MTIP/ 
DSU

Stock-based 
compensation

Short Term 
Incentive Plan

Other Taxable 
Benefits

Total

Executive & Directors

$

3,857

479

7

717

311

$

5,371

2017

Base Salary

LTIP/MTIP/ 
DSU

Stock-based 
compensation

Short Term 
Incentive Plan

Other Taxable 
Benefits

Total

Executive & Directors

$

3,845

2,469

17

461

323

$

7,115

The Executive comprises the following positions: 

(cid:120) 
(cid:120) 
(cid:120) 
(cid:120) 
(cid:120) 
(cid:120) 
(cid:120) 
(cid:120) 
(cid:120) 
(cid:120) 

President & Chief Executive Officer 
Chief Operating Officer  
Chief Financial Officer 
Executive Vice President Buildings 
Executive Vice President Industrial 
Senior Vice President Risk Management, General Counsel & Secretary 
Senior Vice President Buildings 
Senior Vice President Organizational Excellence & Community Engagement 
Vice President Financial Planning & Analysis 
Vice President Strategic Development 

At December 31, 2018, Directors and Executive of the Company controlled 4.2% (December 31, 2017 – 4.0%) 
of the voting shares of the Company.  

In 2014, the Company issued a non-interest bearing five-year loan of $550 (due December 12, 2019) to one 
of its executives to assist with expenses relating to the relocation of the employee.  As at December 31, 
2018, $550 remained outstanding on the loan (December 31, 2017 - $550). 

In 2016, the Company issued a non-interest bearing five-year loan of $500 (due August 14, 2021) to one of 
its executives to assist with expenses relating to the relocation of the employee.  As at December 31, 2018, 
$500 remained outstanding on the loan (December 31, 2017 - $500). 

A Director or related parties hold positions in other entities that result in them having control over the 
financial reporting or operating policies of these entities.  All transactions with the Director and entities 
over which they have control are provided for in the normal course of business based on terms similar to 
those that prevail in arm's length transactions.  The aggregate value of transactions during the year with 
entities over which directors have control was $7,386 (December 31, 2017 - $1,632) and the outstanding 
balance receivable at December 31, 2018 was $4,442 (December 31, 2017 - $nil).  

Transactions with proportionally consolidated joint arrangements: 
The  Company  provides  services  of  its  employees,  management  services,  cost  reimbursements,  parental 
guarantees and letters of credit to the joint arrangements.  These services were transferred at the exchange 

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Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 
December 31, 2018 
(in thousands of Canadian dollars, except per share amounts) 

amount, agreed to between the parties.  The amounts recognized for services provided by the Company for 
the year ended December 31, 2018 totalled $11,831 (December 31, 2017 - $18,024). 

The Company has accounts receivable from the joint arrangements at December 31, 2018 totalling $857 
(December 31, 2017 - $1,443).   

Transactions with equity accounted joint arrangements: 
The  Company  and  its  proportionately  consolidated  joint  arrangements  (notes  3  and  8),  provides 
development and construction services to its concession investments in associates and joint ventures which 
are in the normal course of business and on commercial terms. The Company’s proportionate share of the 
amounts billed for construction services provided by these joint arrangements for the year ended December 
31,  2018  totalled  $147,008  (December  31,  2017  –  $192,506),  of  which  $136,620  has  been  recognized  in 
revenue in 2018 (December 31, 2017 - $234,290).  These amounts are not eliminated as they are deemed 
to be realized by the Company. 

The Company and its proportionately consolidated joint arrangements have accounts receivable from these 
concession investment entities. The Company’s proportionate share of accounts receivable at December 
31, 2018 totalled $35,509 (December 31, 2017 - $42,944). The Company also has a note receivable from an 
equity accounted joint arrangement at December 31, 2018 totalling $1,125 (December 31, 2017 - $1,145).  

Page 74 

 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 
December 31, 2018 
(in thousands of Canadian dollars, except per share amounts) 

26.  Other cash flow information    

Changes in non-cash working capital relating to operating activities
Accounts receivable
Contract assets
Contract assets - alternative finance projects
Prepaid expenses
Inventory
Accounts payable
Contract liabilities
Provisions
Medium term incentive plan and other

$

$

2018

2017 
(restated)

18,902
6,550
66,825
(47)
(326)
10,346
(2,373)
(2,110)
(2,235)
95,532

$

$

17,254
(20,345)
(7,508)
169
53
(63,233)
(19,178)
(1,130)
(2,270)
(96,188)

Contract assets - alternative finance project changes are driven by design build finance projects. Refer to note 
7 for loan proceeds to fund contract assets - alternative finance projects. 

Cash and cash equivalents
Cash
Cash held for joint operations
Bankers' acceptances and short-term deposits

2018

2017

$

$

113,993
43,158
1,769
158,920

$

$

67,852
46,240
18,963
133,055

Cash, bankers' acceptances and short-term deposits include restricted cash and cash equivalents that were 
deposited as collateral for letters of credit issued by the Company. As such, these amounts are not available for 
general operating purposes. 

Restricted cash and cash equivalents
Cash and cash equivalents held to support letters of credit (note 13)
Cash deposited in restricted accounts for special projects

2018

2017

$

$

2,645
1,870
4,515

$

$

20,253
4,043
24,296

Support for Letters of Credit: 
In the normal course of business, the Company issues letters of credit on certain projects to guarantee its 
performance.  These  projects  are  typically  design-build  contracts  relating  to  Public  Private  Partnership 
arrangements  and  other  major  construction  projects.  In  certain  instances,  the  letters  of  credit  are 
supported by the hypothecation of cash and cash equivalents that are not available for general corporate 
purposes (note 13). 

Blocked Accounts: 
The terms of non-recourse project financing require scheduled loan advances to be deposited in a blocked 
bank  account  which  cannot  be  accessed  directly  by  the  Company  for  general  corporate  purposes.  Upon 
recommendation by the lender’s technical advisor, cash is released monthly from the blocked account and 
paid to the Company based on the progress made on the related construction project. Once Public Private 
Partnership projects that only involve short term financing reach final completion and the debt is repaid, 

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Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 
December 31, 2018 
(in thousands of Canadian dollars, except per share amounts) 

any remaining amounts in the project accounts become unrestricted and available for general corporate 
purposes.  

27.  Financial instruments 

The Company's investments and derivative financial instruments, including interest rate swaps and TRS 
derivatives  have  been  classified  as  fair  value  through  profit  and  loss.  The  Company’s  cash,  bankers’ 
acceptances, short-term deposits, short-term investments, accounts receivable and other long-term assets 
are  classified  as  financial  assets.  The  Company’s  bank  overdraft,  if  any,  accounts  payable,  dividends 
payable to shareholders, non-recourse project financing, deferred payment and long-term debt have been 
classified as financial liabilities. The basis of the determination of the fair value of the Company’s financial 
instruments is more fully described in note 3.  

A.  Classification and fair value of financial instruments: 

Financial instruments at fair value through profit or loss
Non-recourse project financing - interest rate swaps
Interest rate swaps
Total return swap derivatives

Financial assets and financial liabilities

Financial assets

Cash and cash equivalents (note 26)
Accounts receivable
Other non-current assets
Short-term investments

Financial liabilities

Accounts payable
Dividends payable to shareholders
Non-recourse project financing - loan facilities (note 7)
Loans and borrowings
Deferred payment

Total financial instruments

2018

(613)
(54)
(2,218)
(2,885)

158,920
337,663
6,852
1,705
505,140

(383,608)
(1,382)
(11,211)
(29,957)
(756)
(426,914)

75,341

2017 
(restated)

290
-
1,995
2,285

133,055
356,528
5,991
-

495,574

(373,081)
(1,382)
(63,975)
(18,598)
(1,136)
(458,172)

39,687

$

$

$

$

$

$

$

$

$

$

$

$

$

$

The following table presents information about the Company’s financial instruments measured at fair value 
as at December 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017, and indicates the fair value hierarchy of inputs utilized 
by the Company to determine such fair value.  The hierarchy of inputs is summarized below: 

(cid:120) 
(cid:120) 

(cid:120) 

Level 1 - quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets or liabilities; 
Level  2  -  inputs  other  than  quoted  prices  included  in  level  1  that  are  observable  for  the  asset  or 
liability, either directly or indirectly; and 
Level 3 - inputs used in a valuation technique are not based on observable market data in determining 
fair values of the instruments. 

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Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 
December 31, 2018 
(in thousands of Canadian dollars, except per share amounts) 

Determination  of  fair  value  and  the  resulting  hierarchy  requires  the  use  of  observable  market  data 
whenever available.  The classification of a financial instrument in the hierarchy is based upon the lowest 
level of input that is significant to the measurement of fair value. 

Quoted prices 
in active 
markets for 
identical 
assets
 (Level 1)

Significant 
other 
observable 
inputs 
(Level 2)

Significant 
unobservable 
inputs  
 (Level 3)

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

$

$

$

$

2018

(613)

$

(54)

(2,218)

(2,885)

$

2017

290

$

-

1,995

2,285

$

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

$

$

$

$

Total

$

(613)

(54)

(2,218)

$

(2,885)

$

$

290

-

1,995

2,285

Non-recourse project financing - interest rate swaps

Interest rate swaps

Total return swap derivatives

Total Financial Instruments through profit and loss

Non-recourse project financing - interest rate swaps

Interest rate swaps

Total return swap derivatives

Total Financial Instruments through profit and loss

There were no transfers between levels during both years. 

The fair value of the  loans and borrowings approximate their carrying values on a discounted cash flow 
basis as the majority of these obligations bear interest at market rates. The fair values of the remaining 
financial instruments approximate their carrying value due to their relatively short periods to maturity.  

B.  Risk Management:  

In the normal course of business, the Company is exposed to several risks related to financial instruments 
that can affect its operating performance. These risks and the actions taken to manage them are as follows: 

i.  Credit Risk:  

Credit  risk  relates  to  the  risk  of  financial  loss  to  the  Company  if  a  customer  or  counterparty  to  a 
financial instrument fails to meet their contractual obligation.  

With respect to accounts  receivable,  concentration  of credit risk is  limited due to the geographic 
dispersion of revenues and a diversified customer base. Before entering into any construction contract 
and during the course of the construction project, the Company goes to considerable lengths to satisfy 
itself  that  the  customer  has  adequate  resources  to  fulfil  its  contractual  payment  obligations  as 
construction work is completed. If a customer was unable or unwilling to pay the amount owing, the 
Company will generally have a right to register a lien against the project that will normally provide 
some security that the amount owed would be realized.  

Bankers’ acceptances, short-term deposits and short-term investments are subject to minimal credit 
risk as they are  placed with only major Canadian financial institutions. As is reasonably  practical, 
these investments are placed with several different Canadian financial institutions, thereby reducing 
the Company’s exposure to a default by any one financial institution.  

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Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 
December 31, 2018 
(in thousands of Canadian dollars, except per share amounts) 

Accounts receivable outstanding for greater than 90 days and considered past due by the Company’s 
management,  represent  13.0%  (December  31,  2017  –  17.0%  restated)  of  the  balance  of  progress 
billings  on  construction  contracts  receivable  at  December  31,  2018.  Management  has  recorded  an 
allowance of $1,271 (December 31, 2017 - $1,672) against these past due receivables, net of amounts 
recoverable from others. 

Trade receivables
Impairment
Total Trade receivables

$

$

Amounts past due

Up to 12 
months
17,510
(37)
17,473

$

$

Over 12 
months

December 31, 
2018

December 31, 
2017

11,337
(1,234)
10,103

$

$

28,847
(1,271)
27,576

$

$

37,122
(1,672)
35,450

The movement in the allowance for impairment in respect of loans and receivables during the period 
was as follows: 

Balance, beginning of period
Impairment loss recognized
Amounts written off
Impairment loss reversed

December 31, 
2018

December 31, 
2017 

$

$

1,672
140
(396)
(145)
1,271

$

$

1,524
383
(96)
(139)
1,672

ii. 

Liquidity risk:    
Liquidity risk relates to the risk that the Company will not be able to meet its financial obligations as 
they fall due. 

The Company has working capital of $70,215 which is available to support surety requirements related 
to  construction  projects.  As  a  component  of  working  capital,  the  Company  maintains  significant 
balances of cash and cash equivalents and investments in liquid securities. These investments, less 
$2,645 hypothecated to support outstanding letters of credit and $1,870 held in blocked accounts, 
are available to meet the financial obligations of the Company as they come due (note 26). 

The  Company  has  a  committed  line  of  credit  of  $85,000  available  to  finance  operations  and  issue 
letters of credit. As at December 31, 2018, the Company has drawn $15,000 on the facility and has 
$24,291 letters of credit outstanding on the facility. The Company has a committed revolving term 
loan  facility  totalling  $35,000  for  the  purpose  of  financing  acquisitions  and  for  working  capital 
advances in support of major projects. The facility matures on December 31, 2020. As of December 
31,2018, the Company has drawn $nil on the facility. Also, the Company and its subsidiaries have 
$45,000 in equipment facilities, of which $6,656 is outstanding at December 31, 2018. Subsidiaries of 
the Company have established operating lease lines of credit for $32,500 with the financing arms of 
major heavy equipment suppliers to finance operating equipment leases. At December 31, 2018, the 
subsidiaries  have  used  $6,630  under  these  facilities.  In  addition,  the  Company  has  lines  of  credit 
totalling $80,000 available for issuing letters of credit for which $8,468 was drawn at December 31, 
2018. Additional draws on this line require hypothecation of additional securities or cash deposits. 
Cash collateralization may not be required for certain letters of credit with an export component as 
the Company has entered into an agreement with EDC to provide performance security guarantees 
for letters of credit issued that meet their criteria. The Company believes it has access to sufficient 
funding through the use of these facilities to meet foreseeable operating requirements. 

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Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 
December 31, 2018 
(in thousands of Canadian dollars, except per share amounts) 

Principal  repayments  due  on  the  loans  and  borrowings  and  non-recourse  project  financing  are 
disclosed in notes 13 and 7, respectively. As disclosed in notes 15 and 16, payments required pursuant 
to the Company’s MTIP granted in 2016, 2017 and  2018 are due on the vesting dates of November 
2019,  November  2020  and  November  2021,  respectively,  or  upon  retirement,  if  earlier.  Payments 
pursuant to the Company's EIP granted in 2017 and 2018 are due by December 2020 and December 
2021 respectively. Payments pursuant to the Company's DSU Plan are cash settled when the eligible 
Director ceases to hold any position within the Company. 

The  following  are  the  contractual  maturities  of  financial  liabilities,  including  estimated  interest 
payments as at December 31, 2018:  

Carrying 
amount

Contractual 
cash flows

Up to 12 
months

2-3   
years

4-5 
years

Trade payables
Dividends payable
Finance lease liabilities
Non-recourse project financing
Long-term debt
Deferred payment

$

$

383,608
1,382
8,759
11,824
21,198
756

$

383,608
1,382
9,104
12,900
21,506
786

$

371,283
1,382
3,247
347
2,310
786

$

12,325
-
5,580
12,553
18,283
-

-
-
277
-
913
-

$

427,527

$

429,286

$

379,355

$

48,741

$ 1,190

iii.  Market risk: 

Market risk is the risk that changes in market prices, such as interest rates and equity prices, will 
affect the Company’s income or the value of its holdings in liquid securities.  

At December 31, 2018, the interest rate profile of the Company's long-term debt and non-recourse 
project financing was as follows: 

Fixed-rate facilities
Variable-rate facilities
Non-recourse project financing facilities
Total long-term debt and non-recourse project financing

December 31, 
2018

6,198
15,000
12,235
33,433

$

$

Interest  rate  risk  is  the  risk  that  the  fair  value  of  future  cash  flows  of  a  financial  instrument  will 
fluctuate because of changes in market interest rates. The Company is exposed to interest rate risk 
to the extent that its credit facilities and TRS derivatives are based on variable rates of interest. The 
Company  has  the  option  to  convert  all  variable-rate  term  facilities  to  fixed-rate  term  facilities. 
Interest rate risk on the non-recourse project financing is managed with the objective of reducing 
the cash flow interest rate risk through the use of interest rate swaps.  

As at December 31, 2018, a one percent change in the interest rate applied to the Company's variable 
rate long-term debt will change annual income before income taxes by approximately $150. 

The  Company  has  certain  share-based  compensation  plans,  whereby  the  values  are  based  on  the 
common share price of the Company. The Company has fixed a portion of the settlement costs of 
these  plans  by  entering  into  various  TRS  derivatives  maturing  between  2019  and  2021.  The  TRS 

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Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 
December 31, 2018 
(in thousands of Canadian dollars, except per share amounts) 

derivatives are not designated as a hedge. The TRS derivatives are recorded each quarter based on 
the difference between the fixed price and the market price of the Company’s common shares at the 
end of each quarter. The TRS derivatives are classified as derivative financial instruments.  

As  at  December  31,  2018,  a  10  percent  change  in  the  share  price  applied  to  the  Company's  TRS 
derivatives  will  change  income  before  income  taxes  by  approximately  $792.  The  intent  of  these 
derivatives is to offset the impact associated with changes to the Company’s common share price for 
its cash-settled share-based plans (note 16(b)). 

iv.  Currency risk: 

Currency risk is the risk that fluctuations in currency exchange rates will affect the Company’s net 
income.  

A 10% movement in the Canadian and U.S. dollar exchange rate would have changed annual income 
by approximately $1,155. 

28.  Capital disclosures 

The Company’s capital management objectives are to: 

(cid:120)  Ensure that the Company has the financial capacity to support its current and anticipated volume and 

mix of business and to manage unforeseen operational and industry developments. 

(cid:120)  Ensure that the Company has sufficient financial capacity to support the execution of its longer-term 

growth strategies. 

(cid:120)  Provide its investors with  the maximum  long-term  returns on equity and to generate sufficient cash 

flow to sustain shareholder dividends and payments on long-term debt. 

In the management of capital, the Company defines capital as shareholders’ equity and loans and 
borrowings.  Loans and borrowings include the current and non-current portions of long-term debt and 
finance leases. 

The Company manages its capital within the investment policy approved by the Board of Directors.  The 
Company makes changes to capital based on changes in business conditions and the mix of construction 
contracts.  In order to maintain or adjust the capital structure, the Company may adjust the amount of 
dividends paid to Company shareholders, issue new debt or repay existing debt, issue new Company shares, 
and to a lesser degree, may adjust capital expenditures.  

As  a  component  of  working  capital,  the  Company  maintains  significant  balances  of  cash  and  cash 
equivalents.  These cash and cash equivalents are intended to cover net current liabilities, fund current 
dividends payable to shareholders and provide capital to support surety and contract security requirements, 
including issuing letters of credit relating to the current and near-term backlog of construction projects. 

Backlog is not a term found in the CPA Canada Handbook.  Backlog (also referred to in the construction 
industry as “work on hand”) is the total value of all contracts awarded to the Company, less the total value 
of work completed on these contracts as of the date of the most recently completed quarter.  This includes 
all contracts that have been awarded to the Company whether the work has commenced or will commence 
in the normal course. 

Page 80 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 
December 31, 2018 
(in thousands of Canadian dollars, except per share amounts) 

The amounts of shareholders’ equity, working capital and loans and borrowings at December 31, 2018 and 
December 31, 2017 are as follows: 

Shareholders' equity
Working capital
Loans and borrowings

$

2018

136,229
70,215
29,957

2017 
(restated)

$

153,816
84,078
18,598

29.  Eligible dividends declared with a record date subsequent to the financial statement date 

As of the date of the approval of these financial statements, the Board of Directors has declared eligible 
dividends for the following months: 

i. 

The January dividend of $0.0325 per share will be paid on February 20, 2019 to the Shareholders of 
record as of the close of business on January 31, 2019.  

ii.  The February dividend of $0.0325 per share will be paid on March 20, 2019 to the Shareholders of 

record as of the close of business on February 28, 2019.  

iii.  The March dividend of $0.0325 per share will be paid on April 18, 2019 to the Shareholders of 

record as of the close of business on March 29, 2019.  

iv.  The April dividend of $0.0325 per share will be paid on May 17, 2019 to the Shareholders of record 

as of the close of business on April 30, 2019.  

30.  Comparative figures 

Certain comparative figures for the prior year have been reclassified to conform to the presentation 
adopted in the current year. 

Page 81 

 
 
         
        
           
         
           
         
 
Five Year Summary 
December 31, 2018 
(in thousands of Canadian dollars, except Other Information) 

2018

2017 
(restated)(1)

2016

2015

2014

OPERATING RESULTS:

Revenue 

Income before income taxes

Income taxes 

Net income

Dividends 

Cash flows from operations before changes 
in non-cash working capital

$

$

$

$

$

1,381,784

1,418,557

1,589,868

1,444,806

1,364,456

(2,674)

(1,661)

(1,013)

16,582

13,078

4,242

8,836

16,582

34,327

9,325

25,002(2)

32,297

35,347

13,865

21,482(3)

32,297

48,617

12,380

36,237

32,297

12,185

26,938

48,449

75,291

64,899

Notes: (1) 2017 reported figures  have been restated applying IFRS 15.
           (2) Adjusting 2016 net income for the non-cash impairment charge, the Company's adjusted net income was $27,741 (a non-GAAP measure).
           (3) Adjusting 2015 net income for the non-cash impairment charge, the Company's adjusted net income was $41,802 (a non-GAAP measure).

FINANCIAL POSITION:

Current assets 

Current liabilities

Working capital 

Property and equipment 

Shareholders’ equity 

BACKLOG:

Firm price 

Construction management 

OTHER INFORMATION:

$

$

$

$

$

$

2018

2017 
(restated)(1)

January 1, 2017 
(restated)(1)

2015

2014

546,553

476,338

70,215

56,226

136,229

607,979

523,901

84,078

52,397

153,816

729,799

614,527

115,272

45,517

161,543

652,864

525,506

127,358

54,281

170,891

530,479

426,452

104,027

58,440

181,587

1,295,940

82,155

1,186,000

128,509

1,137,000

1,662,800

1,149,700

35,351

17,108

3,012

Number of shares outstanding 

42,516,853

42,516,853

42,516,853

42,516,853

42,516,853

Return on revenue

%               (0.07)

                0.62 

                 1.57 

                1.49 

                2.66 

Return on prior year shareholders’ equity

%

              (0.66)

                5.47 

               14.63 

              11.83 

              20.44 

Net income per share

Book value per share

$               (0.02)

                0.21 

                 0.59 

0.51

0.85

$                3.20 

                3.62 

                 3.80 

                4.02 

                4.27 

Eligible Dividends 

Bird Construction Inc. designates any and all dividends paid or deemed for Canadian federal, provincial or territorial income 
tax purposes to be paid on or after January 1, 2007 to be “eligible dividends”, unless indicated otherwise in respect of 
dividends paid subsequent to this notification, and thereby notifies all recipients of such dividends of this designation. 

Page 82 

 
 
 
 
 
(cid:48)(cid:68)(cid:81)(cid:68)(cid:74)(cid:72)(cid:80)(cid:72)(cid:81)(cid:87)(cid:3)(cid:68)(cid:81)(cid:71)(cid:3)(cid:50)(cid:73)(cid:192)(cid:70)(cid:72)(cid:3)(cid:39)(cid:76)(cid:85)(cid:72)(cid:70)(cid:87)(cid:82)(cid:85)(cid:92)

CORPORATE OFFICE
TORONTO

Ian Boyd, P.Eng.(cid:3)(cid:178)(cid:3)(cid:51)(cid:85)(cid:72)(cid:86)(cid:76)(cid:71)(cid:72)(cid:81)(cid:87)(cid:3)(cid:9)(cid:3)(cid:38)(cid:75)(cid:76)(cid:72)(cid:73)(cid:3)(cid:40)(cid:91)(cid:72)(cid:70)(cid:88)(cid:87)(cid:76)(cid:89)(cid:72)(cid:3)(cid:50)(cid:73)(cid:192)(cid:70)(cid:72)(cid:85)
(cid:55)(cid:72)(cid:85)(cid:76)(cid:3)(cid:48)(cid:70)(cid:46)(cid:76)(cid:69)(cid:69)(cid:82)(cid:81)(cid:3)(cid:16)(cid:3)(cid:38)(cid:75)(cid:76)(cid:72)(cid:73)(cid:3)(cid:50)(cid:83)(cid:72)(cid:85)(cid:68)(cid:87)(cid:76)(cid:81)(cid:74)(cid:3)(cid:50)(cid:73)(cid:192)(cid:70)(cid:72)(cid:85)
Wayne Gingrich, CPA, CMA(cid:3)(cid:178)(cid:3)(cid:38)(cid:75)(cid:76)(cid:72)(cid:73)(cid:3)(cid:41)(cid:76)(cid:81)(cid:68)(cid:81)(cid:70)(cid:76)(cid:68)(cid:79)(cid:3)(cid:50)(cid:73)(cid:192)(cid:70)(cid:72)(cid:85)(cid:3)(cid:9)(cid:3)(cid:55)(cid:85)(cid:72)(cid:68)(cid:86)(cid:88)(cid:85)(cid:72)(cid:85)
Paul Bergman, CET - Executive Vice President - Commercial
Gilles Royer, P.Eng. – Executive Vice President - Industrial ((cid:79)(cid:82)(cid:70)(cid:68)(cid:87)(cid:72)(cid:71)(cid:3)(cid:76)(cid:81)(cid:3)(cid:82)(cid:88)(cid:85)(cid:3)(cid:40)(cid:71)(cid:80)(cid:82)(cid:81)(cid:87)(cid:82)(cid:81)(cid:3)(cid:82)(cid:73)(cid:192)(cid:70)(cid:72))
Charles Caza, BA Sc. Eng., LL.B. – General Counsel & Secretary
Durck deWinter, P.Eng. – Senior Vice President ((cid:79)(cid:82)(cid:70)(cid:68)(cid:87)(cid:72)(cid:71)(cid:3)(cid:76)(cid:81)(cid:3)(cid:82)(cid:88)(cid:85)(cid:3)(cid:54)(cid:68)(cid:76)(cid:81)(cid:87)(cid:3)(cid:45)(cid:82)(cid:75)(cid:81)(cid:3)(cid:82)(cid:73)(cid:192)(cid:70)(cid:72))
Mark Dreschel - Senior Vice President Organizational Excellence & Community Engagement
Jason Leong, MAcc, CPA, CA - Vice President - Financial Planning & Analysis

5700 Explorer Drive, Suite 400
Mississauga, ON    L4W 0C6
Tel:  905-602-4122     Fax: 905-602-1516
Email: investor.relations@bird.ca

1151 Sherwin Road 
Winnipeg, MB    R3H 0V1
Tel:  204-775-7141     Fax: 204-775-9508

ACCOUNTING OFFICE
WINNIPEG

CONSTRUCTION OFFICES
Institutional, Commercial, Light Industrial    

ST. JOHN’S 
Rene Cox, P.Eng. – VP & District Manager, Atlantic
90 O’ Leary Avenue, Suite 202
St. John’s, NL  A1B 3P2
Tel: 709-579-4747     Fax: 709-579-4745

HALIFAX
John Duggan – Manager of Operations NS 
20 Duke Street, Suite 201
Bedford, NS  B4A 2Z5
Tel: 902-835-8205     Fax: 902-835-8245 

SAINT JOHN
Derek Martell – Manager of Operations, NB
120 Millennium Drive 
Quispamsis, NB  E2E 0C6
Tel: 506-849-2473     Fax: 506-847-0270

OTTAWA
Roger Rowsell – VP & Director of Operations
150 Isabella Street, Suite 1200
Ottawa, ON  K1S 1V7
T: 902-441-9842

TORONTO
Jon Thompson – VP & District Manager
5700 Explorer Drive, Suite 400
Mississauga, ON  L4W 0C6
Tel: 905-602-4122     Fax: 905-602-6319

WINNIPEG
Dom Costantini - VP & District Manager 
Travis Paul - Manager of Operations
1055 Erin Street
Winnipeg, MB  R3G 2X1
Tel: 204-775-7141     Fax: 204-783-8119

CALGARY
Ian Reid – VP & District Manager, Alberta
1200, 59th Avenue SE, Unit 350
Calgary, AB  T2H 2M4
Tel: 403-319-0470     Fax: 403-319-0476

EDMONTON  
Ian Reid – VP & District Manager, Alberta 
102, 17007 – 107 Avenue NW
Edmonton, AB  T5S 1G3
Tel: 780-470-7100     Fax: 780-459-1208

VANCOUVER
Ken Nakagawa – VP & District Manager
6900 Graybar Road, Unit 2370-Building 2000
Richmond, BC  V6W 0A5
Tel: 604-271-4600      Fax: 604-271-1850

Heavy Civil, Mining, Industrial

ST. JOHN’S
Nolan Jenkins, P.Eng.- Senior VP 
90 O’Leary Avenue, Suite 101
St. John’s, NL  A1B 2C7
Tel: 709-726-9095    Fax: 709-726-9106

WABUSH
Justin Fillier – Project Director & Operations
2 Old Airport Road
Wabush, NL  A0R 1B0
Tel: 709-282-5633    Fax: 709-282-3500

MONTREAL
Anoop Singh, P.Eng. - VP Strategic Development
1868 boul. Des Sources, Suite 200
Pointe-Claire, QC  H9R 5R2
Tel: 514-426-1333    Fax: 514-426-1339

EDMONTON (Industrial Process & Fabrication) 
Tannis Proulx, P.Eng. - VP 
102,17007 – 107 Avenue NW
Edmonton, AB  T5S 1G3
Tel: 780-509-8600     Fax: 780-509-8601

EDMONTON (Industrial Civil, Buildings & Environmental) 
Arthur Krehut - Senior VP 
Greg Madziong - VP Buildings 
Adham Kaddoura, CET - VP Civil 
Lynnell Crone, P.Eng, PMP, MBA - VP Environmental 
17007 – 107 Avenue NW
Edmonton, AB  T5S 1G3
Tel: 780-452-8770     Fax: 780-455-2807

 
 
 
 
 
 
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Bird Construction Inc.

5700 Explorer Drive

Mississauga, ON L4W 0C6

www.bird.ca