BP Annual Report 2006 | Quarterlytics

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beyond petroleum® Annual Report and Accounts 2006 www.bp.com C13019_ARA Covers 2006.indd 1 C13019_ARA Covers 2006.indd 1 B P A n n u a l R e p o r t a n d A c c o u n t s 2 0 0 6 16/2/07 11:30:17 16/2/07 11:30:17 Further information Administration If you have any queries about the administration of shareholdings, such as change of address, change of ownership, dividend payments, the dividend reinvestment plan or the ADS direct access plan, please contact the Registrar or ADS Depositary. To elect to receive your company documents (such as the Annual Report and Accounts, Annual Review and Notice of Meeting) electronically, please register at www.bp.com/edelivery. Publications Publications UK – Registrar’s Office The BP Registrar, Lloyds TSB Registrars The Causeway, Worthing, West Sussex BN99 6DA Telephone: +44 (0)121 415 7005; Freephone in UK: 0800 701107 Textphone: 0870 600 3950; Fax: +44 (0)1903 833371 US – ADS Administration JPMorgan Chase Bank PO Box 3408, South Hackensack, NJ 07606-3408 Telephone: +1 201 680 6630 Toll-free in US and Canada: +1 877 638 5672 11 222 333 444 These and other BP publications may be obtained, free of charge, from the following sources: US and Canada US and Canada BP Shareholder Services Toll-free: +1 800 638 5672 Fax: +1 630 821 3456 shareholderus@bp.com UK and Rest of World UK and Rest of World BP Distribution Services Telephone: +44 (0)870 241 3269 Fax: +44 (0)870 240 5753 bpdistributionservices@bp.com www.bp.com/annualreview 11 www.bp.com/annualreview BP Annual Review 2006 summarizes our financial and operating performance. 22 www.bp.com/financialandoperating www.bp.com/financialandoperating BP Financial and Operating Information 2002-2006 includes five-year financial and operating data. www.bp.com/sustainabilityreport 33 www.bp.com/sustainabilityreport BP Sustainability Report 2006, published in May 2007, gives details of our environmental and social commitments and performance. 44 www.bp.com/statisticalreview www.bp.com/statisticalreview BP Statistical Review of World Energy, published in June each year, reports on key global energy trends. Acknowledgements Design VSA Partners, Chicago Typesetting St Ives Financial, UK Printing St Ives Financial, UK Paper This Annual Report and Accounts is printed on ReGen paper, which is manufactured from 100% de-inked post-consumer waste at a mill with IS0 14001 certification. © BP p.l.c. 2007 C13019_ARA Inside Covers 2006.in1 1 C13019_ARA Inside Covers 2006.in1 1 16/2/07 11:14:53 pm 16/2/07 11:14:53 pm Information about this report This document constitutes the Annual Report and Accounts of BP p.l.c. for the year ended 31 December 2006 in accordance with UK requirements and is dated 23 February 2007. This document also contains information set out within the company’s Annual Report on Form 20-F in accordance with the requirements of the US Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC). Such information will be supplemented and may be updated at the time of ﬁling that document with the SEC, or later amended, if necessary. Reﬁning and Marketing following the sale of Innovene; (b) the transfer of certain mid-stream assets and activities from Reﬁning and Marketing and Exploration and Production to Gas, Power and Renewables; (c) the transfer of Hydrogen for Transport activities from Gas, Power and Renewables to Reﬁning and Marketing; and (d) a change to the basis of accounting for certain over-the-counter forward sale and purchase contracts for oil, natural gas, natural gas liquids and power. (See Financial statements – Note 2 on page 109 for further details.) The ﬁnancial information for 2005 and 2004 has been restated to reﬂect the following, all with effect from 1 January 2006: (a) the transfer of three equity-accounted entities from Other businesses and corporate to On pages 4-9, references within BP Annual Report and Accounts 2006 to ‘proﬁts’, ‘results’ and ‘return on average capital employed’ are to those measures on a replacement cost basis unless otherwise indicated. Reconciliation of proﬁt for the year to replacement cost proﬁt ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ $ million ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Proﬁt before interest and tax from continuing operations Finance costs and other ﬁnance expense Taxation Minority interest Proﬁt for the year from continuing operations attributable to BP shareholders Proﬁt (loss) for the year from Innovene operations Inventory holding (gains) losses Replacement cost proﬁta Replacement cost proﬁt from continuing operations attributable to BP shareholders Replacement cost loss from Innovene operations Replacement cost proﬁt Exploration and Production Reﬁning and Marketing Gas, Power and Renewables Other businesses and corporate Consolidation adjustments Unrealized proﬁt in inventory Net proﬁt on transactions between continuing operations and Innovene operations Replacement cost proﬁt before interest and tax Finance costs and other ﬁnance expense Taxation Minority interest Replacement cost proﬁt from continuing operations attributable to BP shareholders Per ordinary share – cents Proﬁt for the year attributable to BP shareholders Replacement cost proﬁt Dividends per ordinary share – cents – pence Dividends paid per American depositary share (ADS) – dollars 2006 35,158 (516) (12,331) (286) 22,025 (25) 253 22,253 22,278 (25) 22,253 29,647 5,283 1,376 (947) 52 – 35,411 (516) (12,331) (286) 22,278 109.84 111.10 38.40 21.104 2.304 2005 32,682 (761) (9,473) (291) 22,157 184 (3,027) 19,314 19,513 (199) 19,314 25,485 4,394 1,077 (1,237) (208) 527 30,038 (761) (9,473) (291) 19,513 105.74 91.41 34.85 19.152 2.091 2004 25,746 (780) (7,082) (187) 17,697 (622) (1,643) 15,432 16,336 (904) 15,432 18,075 5,194 964 155 (191) 188 24,385 (780) (7,082) (187) 16,336 78.24 70.71 27.70 15.251 1.662 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ a Replacement cost profit reflects the current cost of supplies. The replacement cost profit for the year is determined by excluding from profit inventory holding gains and losses. BP uses this measure to assist investors to assess BP’s performance from period to period. The Annual Report and Accounts for the year ended 31 December 2006 contains the Directors’ Report, including the Business Review, on pages 4-67, 83-91, 94 and 205. The Directors’ Remuneration Report is on pages 68-75. The consolidated ﬁnancial statements are on pages 93-175. The reports of the auditor are on page 95 for the group and page 206 for the company. BP p.l.c. is the parent company of the BP group of companies. Unless otherwise stated, the text does not distinguish between the activities and operations of the parent company and those of its subsidiaries. The term ‘shareholder’ in the Annual Report and Accounts means, unless the context otherwise requires, investors in the equity capital of BP p.l.c., both direct and/or indirect. BP Annual Report and Accounts 2006 and BP Annual Review 2006 may be downloaded from www.bp.com/annualreview. No material on the BP website, other than the items identiﬁed as BP Annual Report and Accounts 2006 and BP Annual Review 2006, forms any part of those documents. As BP shares, in the form of ADSs, are listed on the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE), an Annual Report on Form 20-F will be ﬁled with the SEC in accordance with the US Securities Exchange Act of 1934. When ﬁled, copies may be obtained, free of charge (see page 90). BP discloses on its website at www.bp.com/NYSEcorporategovernancerules signiﬁcant ways (if any) in which its corporate governance practices differ from those mandated for US companies under NYSE listing standards. Cautionary statement BP Annual Report and Accounts 2006 contains certain forward-looking statements within the meaning of the US Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 with respect to the ﬁnancial condition, results of operations and businesses of BP and certain of the plans and objectives of BP with respect to these items. For further details, please see Forward-looking statements on page 13. The registered ofﬁce of BP p.l.c. is 1 St James’s Square, London SW1Y 4PD, UK. Telephone: +44 (0)207 496 4000. Registered in England and Wales No. 102498. Stock exchange symbol ‘BP’. BP Annual Report and Accounts 2006 1 Miscellaneous terms In this document, unless the context otherwise requires, the following terms shall have the meaning set out below. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ADR American depositary receipt. LNG Liqueﬁed natural gas. ADS American depositary share. London Stock Exchange or LSE London Stock Exchange plc. Amoco The former Amoco Corporation and its subsidiaries. LPG Liqueﬁed petroleum gas. Atlantic Richﬁeld Atlantic Richﬁeld Company and its subsidiaries. mb/d thousand barrels per day. Associate An entity over which the group has signiﬁcant inﬂuence and that is neither a subsidiary nor a joint venture. Signiﬁcant inﬂuence is the power to participate in the ﬁnancial and operating policy decisions of an entity without having control or joint control over those policies. Barrel 42 US gallons. b/d Barrels per day. BP, BP group or the group BP p.l.c. and its subsidiaries. Burmah Castrol Burmah Castrol plc and its subsidiaries. Cent or c One-hundredth of the US dollar. The company BP p.l.c. Dollar or $ The US dollar. EU European Union. Gas Natural gas. mboe/d thousand barrels of oil equivalent per day. mmBtu million British thermal units. mmcf/d million cubic feet per day. MTBE Methyl tertiary butyl ether. NGLs Natural gas liquids. OPEC Organisation of Petroleum Exporting Countries. Ordinary shares Ordinary fully paid shares in BP p.l.c. of 25c each. Pence or p One-hundredth of a pound sterling. Pound, sterling or £ The pound sterling. Preference shares Cumulative First Preference Shares and Cumulative Second Preference Shares in BP p.l.c. of £1 each. PSA Production-sharing agreement. Hydrocarbons Crude oil and natural gas. SEC The United States Securities and Exchange Commission. IFRS International Financial Reporting Standards. Joint venture A contractual arrangement between the group and other venturers that undertake an economic activity that is subject to joint control. Joint control exists only where the strategic ﬁnancial and operating decisions relating to the activity require the unanimous consent of the venturers. Subsidiary An entity that is controlled by the BP group. Control is the power to govern the ﬁnancial and operating policies of an entity so as to obtain the beneﬁts from its activities. Tonne 2,204.6 pounds. UK United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. Jointly controlled asset A joint venture where the venturers have a direct ownership interest in and jointly control the assets of the venture. UK GAAP Generally Accepted Accounting Practice in the UK. Jointly controlled entity A joint venture that involves the establishment of a company, partnership or other entity to engage in economic activity that the group jointly controls with fellow venturers. Liquids Crude oil, condensate and natural gas liquids. US or USA United States of America. US GAAP Generally Accepted Accounting Principles in the US. 2 Contents 4 Chairman’s letter 6 Group chief executive’s review 9 Measuring our progress 10 Performance review 65 Directors, senior management and employees 68 Directors’ remuneration report 76 Governance: board performance report 83 Additional information for shareholders 93 Financial statements BP Annual Report and Accounts 2006 3 Dear Shareholder BP’s performance in 2006 can be best described as mixed. A great portfolio of assets and excellent people who are executing a consistent strategy remained as our core strength. However, results could and should have been better. The ability to beneﬁt from higher oil prices was impaired by some of our major assets not being available. For many years, BP has been a greatly admired group, reﬂecting its strategic vision, determined execution and high aspirations in areas such as safety, the environment and the community – and I believe it still is. However, a number of events in the US, starting with the tragic incident at the Texas City reﬁnery in March 2005, have deeply shocked the group, led to increased public scrutiny and had an effect on BP’s reputation as a responsible operator. We must ensure that the lessons we have learned will enable us to demonstrate rapidly that we are again in the forefront of our industry in all respects. Our aspirations remain unchanged and, in the vast majority of our activities, we continue to be justly proud of our safety record, our environmental initiatives and our high ethical standards. However, it is quite clear to your board that the group’s record in some areas has not met the standards to which we aspire. Above all, we must ensure that, at all locations, those who work for us do so safely. The board’s governance system has long balanced support for the executive team in the development of the group’s strategy with the need to ensure effective monitoring of its implementation. In this context, both the full board and its committees have considered the signiﬁcant events of the year and their impact on BP’s business and reputation. The work of each of the committees is described in more detail in the governance: board performance report on pages 36-43 of Notice of BP Annual General Meeting 2007 and also on pages 76-82 of BP Annual Report and Accounts 2006. The safety, ethics and environment assurance committee, chaired by Dr Walter Massey, has played a particularly important role during the year. The audit committee, chaired by Sir Ian Prosser, has similarly had important work. I remain conﬁdent in the work of all the committees and our overall system of governance. There have been a number of inquiries into the events at Texas City and other aspects of the group’s operations. In particular, on the recommendation of the US Chemical Safety and Hazard Investigation Board, which was investigating the Texas City incident, an independent panel was commissioned by BP to examine the safety culture of our US reﬁneries. The panel was chaired by former US Secretary of State James A Baker, III and reported to us in early January. It found that, while the focus of the group had been on personal safety performance, where signiﬁcant improvement had been achieved, there was insufﬁcient emphasis on process safety. The panel further found that, by concentrating on improving personal safety statistics, the group had developed a false sense of conﬁdence in its safety culture. In essence, the panel concluded that BP had fallen short in its approach to process safety at its ﬁve US reﬁneries. It made a number of recommendations, all of which we have considered and will implement. One recommendation was that the board, for at least ﬁve years, should engage an outside expert, independent of the executive, to report to it on the progress of the implementation of the panel’s recommendations. Your board will keep you fully advised on the implementation of those recommendations to which we, and the group’s executives and employees, are fully committed. Indeed, we have long had a tradition of emphasizing safety and, in nearly 20 years of reporting, we have seen a signiﬁcant improvement in our safety performance. It is important to stress that we have a clear strategy and an underlying business that remains robust. BP has a set of world-class assets that will ensure the continued success of the group into the medium term. Our cash ﬂow has remained strong during the year. The board has therefore been able to continue its policy of returning value to our shareholders through both increased dividends and buybacks. I am pleased to conﬁrm a dividend, to be paid in March, of 10.325 cents per share. The annual dividend paid of 38.40 cents or 21.104 pence represents an increase of 10% in both dollar and sterling terms. During 2006, we repurchased some $15.5 billion of shares. Of these, 27% were for cancellation and the remainder placed in treasury. Your board will continue to keep its distribution policy under review. I would like to pay tribute to John Browne, his executive team and all our employees for their contributions to the creation and maintenance of a robust, cash-generative business. It has been a major task for the executive team to respond to the pressing issues of 2006 while diligently managing and guiding the business forward in a challenging market. Although oil prices have remained high, we are in a softening market and prices are some way from their peak; costs of capital equipment and services, however, have risen faster than inﬂation. This year, the board, like many companies whose shares are traded on both sides of the Atlantic, has streamlined the company’s reporting process by using a common document as the basis for both our Annual Report and Accounts and our Annual Report on Form 20-F. As a result, the Annual Report and Accounts now contains information that, in the past, would only have appeared in our US reporting. The short-form Annual Review continues to give a summary of the group’s operations for the majority of our private shareholders. We will keep our reporting process under review, including a greater use of electronic communication wherever we are able to do so. In the summer of 2006, John and I agreed that he would stay as chief executive until the end of 2008. Early in 2007, we both decided that it would be in the group’s interest to name a successor in order to provide a short orderly transition Chairman’s letter 4 BP Annual Report and Accounts 2006 over a period of six months. The chairman’s committee was in a position to identify a succession candidate in Tony Hayward, then chief executive of the exploration and production segment. Accordingly, John will retire on 31 July 2007 and Tony has been appointed by the board to succeed him. Tony has had an outstanding career at BP and the board believes he has the intellect, skills and personal qualities to take your company through the coming challenges and changes. John Browne is one of the great businessmen of his generation and has led the transformation of BP into one of the biggest energy groups in the world. His performance over the past 12 years has been extraordinary. He has consistently been identiﬁed by his fellow chief executives as the most impressive businessman in Britain. I would like to thank John on behalf of the board for his great achievement in leading the transformation of BP from a mid-ranking regional oil company to what it is today. Following Tony Hayward’s appointment as group chief executive designate, Tony has passed his responsibilities as chief executive of exploration and production to Andy Inglis, who was appointed to the board on 1 February 2007. Andy was previously deputy chief executive of exploration and production and has held a number of posts in that segment during his career with the group, which started in 1980. Michael Wilson stood down as a director last year to take up the post of Canada’s ambassador to Washington. He had joined the BP board in 1998 at the time of the Amoco merger after a distinguished political and business career. He had a keen interest in corporate governance matters, being the chairman of the Canadian Coalition of Good Governance. He had brought all these strengths from his political and business background to our board and committee deliberations. John Bryan will stand down at the forthcoming AGM. John also joined the BP board at the time of the Amoco merger and has made signiﬁcant contributions to both the audit and remuneration committees. His experience as a former CEO in the US has been invaluable to the board over the years. We shall miss his contribution at the board and his commitment to board and committee work. I was pleased to welcome Sir William Castell as a new non-executive director in July. Bill is chairman of the board of governors of the Wellcome Trust and is a non-executive director of the General Electric Company, having been chief executive of Amersham plc and subsequently president and chief executive ofﬁcer of GE Healthcare. Bill is a member of the chairman’s, the audit and the safety, ethics and environment assurance committees. I believe that the board has the right mix of skills and experience to address the issues that we face. I will keep this under review as we refresh the board over time. There remain signiﬁcant challenges for the group in securing its business into the medium and the longer term. The board will be focusing on these in the coming year. On behalf of the board, I would like to thank you for your support. Peter Sutherland Chairman 23 February 2007 Group chief executive’s review Dear Shareholder BP’s purpose is a progressive one. That means we aim to generate returns for our investors by providing the energy for basic human needs such as light, heat and mobility and to do so in a safe, sustainable and environmentally responsible way. Our ﬁnancial results were very strong in 2006. However, we fell short of our expectations in certain areas, notably with two oil spills in Alaska and the inability to start up the Thunder Horse platform as soon as we had hoped. We are headed in the right strategic direction and we should not allow recent setbacks to obscure that. We have been urgently addressing operational issues and matters related to our safety performance. And I believe that, from the lessons we have learned, the fresh investment and priorities we are putting in place and the determined reafﬁrmation of our core values, BP will emerge a stronger company. Our staff across the world have responded to the tough challenges of the year in an exemplary fashion. I am immensely proud of their resilience and would like to thank them. They are as determined as my successor, Tony Hayward, and I are to restore BP’s performance and reputation. The trading environment has been extremely volatile. The oil price hit a high of $78 per barrel in August before falling back to end the year at about $59 per barrel. The Henry Hub price for gas fell signiﬁcantly during the year to close at around $5.50 per million British thermal units. Reﬁning margins widened over the summer before narrowing towards normal levels in the winter. These movements are characteristic of an industry that is not only cyclical but also affected by trends such as rising concerns about energy security and climate change. Safety Before addressing our ﬁnancial performance, let me talk about the things that did not go so well, for these have absorbed much of my and the team’s attention. Safety has always been one of our core priorities. Scrutiny of the group has inevitably been dominated by the investigations into the March 2005 explosion at the Texas City reﬁnery, in which 15 of our co-workers tragically lost their lives, and into the pipeline corrosion at Prudhoe Bay in Alaska. It is an unavoidable fact that we operate in a hazardous industry. But accidents of any kind cause people to question the values that underpin our company. They also cast a shadow over our many successes – and the fact that, around the world, hundreds of thousands of employees and contractors work safely for BP, with dedication and integrity. BP aspires to be an industry leader in the three dimensions of safety – personal safety, process safety and the environment. We have had a strong track record in the day- to-day personal safety of our people. In 2006, our recordable injury frequency rate, the standard industry measure, fell to 0.47 per 200,000 hours worked, the lowest in our history. There were also seven fatalities. Every death is a tragedy, but we should recognize that this number has reduced signiﬁcantly, to the lowest level in nearly 20 years of reporting. I am particularly pleased with the large drop in driving-related fatalities, from 14 in 2003 to two in 2006, following the implementation of our new driving safety standard. On the environment, we continue to make progress in reducing greenhouse gas emissions and the environmental impact of our products. Our response to the Baker report In January, former US Secretary of State James A Baker, III and his panel published a candid and thorough report into process safety management at our US reﬁneries. The panel was established by BP on the recommendation of the US Chemical Safety and Hazard Investigation Board in the wake of the Texas City tragedy and was intended to provide lessons not just for us but for the entire industry. BP will implement the Baker panel’s recommendations and we are now consulting with the panel on how best to do that. Many of the recommendations are consistent with our own internal reviews and our aim now is to develop a timely and intelligent plan of action in order to transform BP into an industry leader in process safety management. Importantly, the panel did not conclude that BP intentionally withheld resources on any safety-related assets or projects for budgetary or cost reasons. The panel interviewed hundreds of employees in the course of its work and observed that it had seen no information to suggest that anyone – from BP’s board members to its hourly-paid workers – acted in anything other than good faith. Our response to the Baker report comes alongside what we were already doing to embed consistently high standards of safety and operational integrity throughout BP. This includes an ambitious four-year programme of investment in safety and operational integrity right across the group and the creation of an advisory board of external experts to assist and advise BP America Inc. in monitoring the operations of the US businesses, with particular focus on compliance, safety and regulatory affairs. At Texas City itself, a new leadership team has introduced world-class training programmes, increased the number of safety inspectors, renovated major units and relocated hundreds of employees. We expect Texas City to be processing about 400,000 barrels per day of crude oil by the end of 2007. We are also implementing lessons from the two oil spills and the cases of corrosion that occurred at Prudhoe Bay in 2006. When corrosion was found in August, we rapidly shut down production as a precaution. Nearly 27,000 individual radiographic or ultrasonic inspections of the pipeline system have since been carried out and output was restored to its full level in late 2006. We are replacing 16 miles of transit lines, increasing spending on major maintenance and retaining a team of independent corrosion experts as advisers. We took similar precautionary action to replace subsea components for the Thunder Horse platform in the Gulf of Mexico. The components had passed industry tests and met regulatory requirements but a metallurgical failure was revealed when our engineers tested compliance with BP’s own, more stringent, standards. We are now replacing the equipment in question and expect Thunder Horse to start production by the end of 2008. Integrity We are also taking action to ensure that people across BP behave with consistent integrity. During the year, there were allegations of market manipulation in our US trading operations. We have responded to these serious allegations by making internal improvements and instituting a thorough internal review by independent auditors. Performance In terms of ﬁnancial performance, the year was a record one, with replacement cost proﬁt rising 15% to $22.3 billion, representing a return on average capital employed of 22%. Thanks to our share buyback programme, earnings per share rose faster than proﬁts, by 22%, to 111.1 cents per share. Our role as a leading international oil company is to build strong and sustainable supply chains between producing countries and markets around the world. In emerging economies such as Algeria, Angola, Azerbaijan, Egypt, Indonesia and Trinidad & Tobago, our investments help to increase the ﬂow of supplies to world markets as well as strengthening local economies and contributing to economic development. Our joint venture in Russia, TNK-BP, brings together BP’s experience with local assets, capabilities and resources to help increase production. Our experience in working in the Russian Federation is to act with caution, respect and genuine reciprocity. The agreement we concluded with Gazprom during the year to provide liqueﬁed natural gas (LNG) cargoes indicates the scope for co-operation to build new supply chains in the international marketplace. We also deepened our strategic relationship with Rosneft, Russia’s second largest oil company, investing $1 billion in a stake at its initial public offering in July. That investment has risen by about 25% in value. We are also exploring the Sakhalin IV and V licence areas in a joint venture with Rosneft and have signed a protocol with them to carry out joint studies in the basins of the Russian arctic region. In 2006, capital investment in our exploration and production segment totalled $12.1 billion, excluding our investment in Rosneft. We added 1.4 billion barrels of oil and 1.3 trillion cubic feet of natural gas to our booked reserves for subsidiaries and equity-accounted entities. We have decided to move solely to the US Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) basis of reserves reporting to simplify disclosures and allow for easier comparison with competitors. Our reserves replacement ratio, BP Annual Report and Accounts 2006 7 using reserves calculated in accordance with SEC guidance, was 113% on a combined basis of subsidiaries and equity- accounted entities, excluding acquisitions and disposals – an excellent result. We produced more than 3.9 million barrels of oil equivalent per day and continued to build our presence as a producer and supplier of natural gas. The production level was affected by strategic divestments but, excluding the historic impact of these, our production continues to grow. Since the year-end, we have signed a signiﬁcant gas production-sharing agreement with the Sultanate of Oman. In reﬁning and marketing, we continued to develop strong positions in areas of fast-growing demand, supplying millions of customers every day. Our low- carbon power business, BP Alternative Energy, made a strong start, with signiﬁcant additions in wind and solar capacity. Speciﬁc highlights of the year included the start of production in the East and West Azeri oil ﬁelds in the Caspian Sea and the start of operations for the Baku-Tbilisi-Ceyhan pipeline, which links the Caspian Sea to the Mediterranean. There were discoveries in Angola and the Gulf of Mexico. We saw our ﬁrst gas produced from the Cannonball platform in Trinidad & Tobago and from In Amenas in Algeria. With our partners, we commissioned a new LNG regasiﬁcation terminal in China. We announced a major investment at our Whiting reﬁnery in the US to process Canadian heavy crude, providing a new source of supply for the North American market. 2006 was also a year when environmental issues, chieﬂy climate change, remained at the top of the public agenda. BP Alternative Energy, launched in 2005, is a rapidly growing business devoted to providing low-carbon power from solar, wind, hydrogen and natural gas sources. The business developed strongly in 2006, doubling its solar manufacturing capacity since 2004, acquiring wind power interests with a potential total generating capacity of some 15,000 megawatts and increasing gas-ﬁred capacity. It also further developed its ground-breaking plans for hydrogen power stations fed by fossil fuel feedstocks from which carbon dioxide is extracted and stored underground, minimizing the environmental impact. In the transport sector, we took new steps towards providing more sustainable energy by announcing the forthcoming establishment of a university-based Energy Biosciences Institute, seeking to mirror in energy the beneﬁts that biological sciences have brought to medicine. We also set up a dedicated biofuels business and entered into a partnership with DuPont to produce a new generation of biofuels. Our guiding principle remains that of mutual advantage – creating beneﬁts for others as well as for ourselves. I hope this year has shown that, when we fail in that respect, we will work relentlessly and transparently to solve the problems. The future This is my last letter to shareholders as I am soon to retire as group chief executive. I have devoted my working life to BP and I would like to thank shareholders, the board and our employees for their support over the past 12 years. I believe that, although our journey has not always been smooth, the fundamentals of the company – its assets, its strategy and its people – are very sound. BP has certainly changed dramatically since 1995. By most measures it has doubled or tripled in size and has grown from being a regional player, based principally around the North Sea and Alaska, to a truly international company. We now produce more than 100,000 barrels of oil equivalent per day from eight different countries, up from three countries in 1995. And long-term investors should gain comfort from our creditable reserves position. BP is widely recognized as a pioneer in the oil and gas industry for both reducing greenhouse gas emissions and investing substantially in alternative and renewable energy businesses. Shareholders have beneﬁted too and, from mid-1995 until the end of 2006, total returns were 278% in dollars and 203% in sterling. Our ﬁnancial framework is robust. We aim to invest in our operations; to pursue a progressive dividend policy; to maintain our gearing within a range of 20-30%; and to return any surplus cash to shareholders, circumstances permitting. During the year, we bought back 1.3 billion of our shares, of which 358 million were for cancellation, with the remainder being held in treasury. We also paid total dividends of 38.40 cents, or 21.104 pence, a share, an increase of 10% on 2005. BP’s strategic priorities are enduring: to build production in some of the world’s largest oil and gas ﬁelds; to focus on advantaged reﬁneries and retail markets; to capture world- scale gas market positions; and to participate in fast-growing markets for gas and low-carbon power. We are emerging from 2006 with our basic values tested, but reafﬁrmed. My successor as group chief executive, Tony Hayward, is a wonderful choice and I wish him and the company every good fortune. The best is yet to come. The Lord Browne of Madingley Group Chief Executive 23 February 2007 8 BP Annual Report and Accounts 2006 Measuring our progress BP Annual Report and Accounts 2006 9 Performance review Selected ﬁnancial and operating information This information, insofar as it relates to 2006, has been extracted or derived from the audited ﬁnancial statements of the BP group presented on pages 93-175. The selected information should be read in conjunction with the audited ﬁnancial statements and related Notes elsewhere herein. The ﬁnancial information for 2005 and 2004 has been restated to reﬂect the following, all with effect from 1 January 2006: (a) the transfer of three equity-accounted entities from Other businesses and corporate to Reﬁning and Marketing following the sale of Innovene; (b) the transfer of certain mid-stream assets and activities from Reﬁning and Marketing and Exploration and Production to Gas, Power and Renewables; (c) the transfer of Hydrogen for Transport activities from Gas, Power and Renewables to Reﬁning and Marketing; and (d) a change to the basis of accounting for certain over-the-counter forward sale and purchase contracts for oil, natural gas, NGLs and power. (See Financial statements – Note 2 on page 109 for further details.) BP sold its Innovene operations in December 2005. In the circumstances of discontinued operations, IFRS require that the proﬁts earned by the discontinued operations, in this case the Innovene operations, on sales to the continuing operations be eliminated on consolidation from the discontinued operations and attributed to the continuing operations and vice versa. This adjustment has two offsetting elements: the net margin on crude reﬁned by Innovene, as substantially all crude for its reﬁneries was supplied by BP and most of the reﬁned products manufactured by Innovene were taken by BP; and the margin on sales of feedstock from BP’s US reﬁneries to Innovene’s manufacturing plants. The proﬁts attributable to individual segments are not affected by this adjustment. This representation does not indicate the proﬁts earned by continuing or Innovene operations, as if they were standalone entities, for past periods or those likely to be earned in future periods. Under US GAAP, Innovene operations would not be classiﬁed as discontinued operations due to BP’s continuing customer/supplier arrangements with Innovene. For a full description of the differences between IFRS and US GAAP, see Financial statements – Note 53 on page 179. IFRS ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Income statement data Sales and other operating revenues from continuing operationsa Proﬁt before interest and taxation from continuing operationsa Proﬁt from continuing operationsa Proﬁt for the year Proﬁt for the year attributable to BP shareholders Capital expenditure and acquisitionsb Per ordinary share – cents Proﬁt for the year attributable to BP shareholders Basic Diluted Proﬁt from continuing operations attributable to BP shareholders Basic Diluted Dividends per share – cents Dividends per share – pence Ordinary share datac Average number outstanding of 25 cent ordinary shares (shares million undiluted) Average number outstanding of 25 cent ordinary shares (shares million diluted) Balance sheet data Total assets Net assets Share capital BP shareholders’ equity Finance debt due after more than one year Net debt to net debt plus equity $ million except per share amounts 2006 2005 2004 2003 265,906 35,158 22,311 22,286 22,000 17,231 109.84 109.00 109.97 109.12 38.40 21.104 20,028 20,195 217,601 85,465 5,385 84,624 11,086 20% 239,792 32,682 22,448 22,632 22,341 14,149 105.74 104.52 104.87 103.66 34.85 19.152 21,126 21,411 206,914 80,765 5,185 79,976 10,230 17% 192,024 25,746 17,884 17,262 17,075 16,651 78.24 76.87 81.09 79.66 27.70 15.251 21,821 22,293 194,630 78,235 5,403 76,892 12,907 22% 164,653 18,776 12,681 12,618 12,448 19,623 56.14 55.61 56.42 55.89 25.50 15.658 22,171 22,424 172,491 70,264 5,552 69,139 12,869 22% Selected historical ﬁnancial data is based on ﬁnancial statements prepared in accordance with IFRS and accordingly is shown for the four years subsequent to the date of transition to IFRS. 10 US GAAP ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Income statement data Revenuesd Proﬁt for the year attributable to BP shareholdersd Comprehensive income Proﬁt per ordinary share – cents Basic Diluted Proﬁt per American depositary share – cents Basic Diluted Balance sheet data Total assets Net assets BP shareholders’ equity 2006 2005 2004 2003 2002 $ million except per share amounts 265,906 21,116 23,125 252,168 19,642 17,053 203,303 17,090 17,371 173,615 12,941 19,689 145,991 8,109 10,256 105.42 104.63 632.52 627.78 92.96 91.91 78.31 76.88 58.36 57.79 36.20 36.02 557.76 551.46 469.86 461.28 350.16 346.74 217.20 216.12 219,288 87,358 86,517 213,722 85,936 85,147 206,139 86,435 85,092 186,576 80,292 79,167 164,103 67,274 66,636 a Excludes Innovene which was treated as a discontinued operation in accordance with IFRS 5 ‘Non-current Assets Held for Sale and Discontinued Operations’. (See Financial statements – Note 5 on page 111). Under US GAAP, Innovene is not treated as a discontinued operation. b There were no significant acquisitions in 2006 or in 2005. Capital expenditure in 2006 includes $1 billion in respect of our investment in Rosneft. Capital expenditure and acquisitions for 2004 includes $1,354 million for including TNK’s interest in Slavneft within TNK-BP and $1,355 million for the acquisition of Solvay’s interests in BP Solvay Polyethylene Europe and BP Solvay Polyethylene North America. With the exception of the shares issued to Alfa Group and Access-Renova (AAR) in connection with TNK-BP (2004-2006), all capital expenditure and acquisitions during the last five years have been financed from cash flow from operations, disposal proceeds and external financing. c The number of ordinary shares shown have been used to calculate per share amounts for both IFRS and US GAAP. d Under US GAAP, Innovene is not treated as a discontinued operation. (See Financial statements – Note 5 on page 111). As such, the results of Innovene are included within revenues and profit for the year, as adjusted to accord with US GAAP. Production and net proved oil and natural gas reserves The following table shows our production for the last ﬁve years and the estimated net proved oil and natural gas reserves at the end of each of those years. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Crude oil production for subsidiaries (thousand barrels per day) Crude oil production for equity-accounted entities (thousand barrels per day) Natural gas production for subsidiaries (million cubic feet per day) Natural gas production for equity-accounted entities (million cubic feet per day) Estimated net proved crude oil reserves for subsidiaries (million barrels)a b Estimated net proved crude oil reserves for equity-accounted entities (million barrels)a c Estimated net proved natural gas reserves for subsidiaries (billion cubic feet)a d Estimated net proved natural gas reserves for equity-accounted entities (billion cubic feet)a e 2006 2005 2004 2003 2002 1,351 1,124 7,412 1,005 5,893 3,888 42,168 3,763 1,423 1,139 7,512 912 6,360 3,205 44,448 3,856 1,480 1,051 7,624 879 6,755 3,179 45,650 2,857 1,615 506 8,092 521 7,214 2,867 45,155 2,869 1,766 252 8,324 383 7,762 1,403 45,844 2,945 a Net proved reserves of crude oil and natural gas exclude production royalties due to others, whether royalty is payable in cash or in kind. b Includes 23 million barrels (29 million barrels at 31 December 2005 and 40 million barrels at 31 December 2004) in respect of the 30% minority interest in BP Trinidad and Tobago LLC. c Includes 179 million barrels (95 million barrels at 31 December 2005 and 127 million barrels at 31 December 2004) in respect of the 6.29% minority interest in TNK-BP (4.47% at 31 December 2005 and 5.9% at 31 December 2004). d Includes 3,537 billion cubic feet of natural gas (3,812 billion cubic feet at 31 December 2005 and 4,064 billion cubic feet at 31 December 2004) in respect of the 30% minority interest in BP Trinidad and Tobago LLC. e Includes 99 billion cubic feet (57 billion cubic feet at 31 December 2005 and 13 billion cubic feet at 31 December 2004) in respect of the 7.77% minority interest in TNK-BP (4.47% at 31 December 2005 and 5.9% at 31 December 2004). During 2006, 329 million barrels of oil and natural gas, on an oil equivalent* basis (mmboe), were added to BP’s proved reserves for subsidiaries (excluding purchases and sales). After allowing for production, which amounted to 963mmboe, BP’s proved reserves for subsidiaries were 13,163mmboe at 31 December 2006. These proved reserves are mainly located in the US (44%), Rest of Americas (20%), Asia Paciﬁc (10%), Africa (9%) and the UK (8%). For equity-accounted entities, 1,306mmboe were added to proved reserves (excluding purchases and sales), production was 479mmboe and proved reserves were 4,537mmboe at 31 December 2006. * Natural gas is converted to oil equivalent at 5.8 billion cubic feet (bcf) = 1 million barrels. BP Annual Report and Accounts 2006 11 Risk factors We urge you to consider carefully the risks described below. If any of these risks occur, our business, ﬁnancial condition and results of operations could suffer and the trading price and liquidity of our securities could decline, in which case you could lose all or part of your investment. Our system of risk management provides the response to enduring risks of group signiﬁcance through the establishment of standards and other controls. Inability to identify, assess and respond to risks through this and other controls could lead to inability to capture opportunities, threats materializing, inefﬁciency and legal non-compliance. The risks are categorized against the following areas: Strategy, Compliance and ethics, Financial control and operations. Strategic risks Access and renewal Successful execution of our group plan depends critically on implementing activities to renew and reposition our portfolio. The challenges to renewal of our upstream portfolio are growing due to increasing competition for access to opportunities globally. Inability to complete planned disposals and/or lack of material positions in new markets could result in an inability to capture above-average market growth. Prices and markets Oil, gas and product prices are subject to international supply and demand. Political developments (especially in the Middle East) and the outcome of meetings of OPEC can particularly affect world supply and oil prices. In addition to the adverse effect on revenues, margins and proﬁtability from any future fall in oil and natural gas prices, a prolonged period of low prices or other indicators would lead to a review for impairment of the group’s oil and natural gas properties. This review would reﬂect management’s view of long-term oil and natural gas prices. Such a review could result in a charge for impairment that could have a signiﬁcant effect on the group’s results of operations in the period in which it occurs. Reﬁning proﬁtability can be volatile, with both periodic oversupply and supply tightness in various regional markets. Sectors of the chemicals industry are also subject to ﬂuctuations in supply and demand within the petrochemicals market, with consequent effect on prices and proﬁtability. Socio-political We have operations in developing countries where political, economic and social transition is taking place. Some countries have experienced political instability, changes to the regulatory environment, expropriation or nationalization of property, civil strife, strikes, acts of war and insurrections. Any of these conditions occurring could disrupt or terminate our operations, causing our development activities to be curtailed or terminated in these areas or our production to decline, and could cause us to incur additional costs. We set ourselves high standards of corporate citizenship and aspire to contribute to a better quality of life through the products and services we provide. If it is perceived that we are not respecting or advancing the economic and social progress of the communities in which we operate, our reputation and shareholder value could be damaged. Competition The oil, gas and petrochemicals industries are highly competitive. There is strong competition, both within the oil and gas industry and with other industries, in supplying the fuel needs of commerce, industry and the home. Competition puts pressure on product prices, affects oil products marketing and requires continuous management focus on reducing unit costs and improving efﬁciency. Compliance and ethics risks Regulatory The oil industry is subject to regulation and intervention by governments throughout the world in such matters as the award of exploration and production interests, the imposition of speciﬁc drilling obligations, environmental protection controls, controls over the development and decommissioning of a ﬁeld (including restrictions on production) and, 12 possibly, nationalization, expropriation, cancellation or non-renewal of contract rights. We buy, sell and trade oil and gas products in certain regulated commodity markets. The oil industry is also subject to the payment of royalties and taxation, which tend to be high compared with those payable in respect of other commercial activities, and operates in certain tax jurisdictions that have a degree of uncertainty relating to the interpretation of, and changes to, tax law. As a result of new laws and regulations or other factors, we could be required to curtail or cease certain operations, or we could incur additional costs. Ethical misconduct and non-compliance Our code of conduct, which applies to all employees, deﬁnes our commitment to integrity, compliance with all applicable legal requirements, high ethical standards and the behaviours and actions we expect of our businesses and people wherever we operate. Incidents of non-compliance with applicable laws and regulation or ethical misconduct could be damaging to our reputation and shareholder value. Multiple events of non-compliance could call into question the integrity of our operations. Financial control risks Liquidity, ﬁnancial capacity and ﬁnancial exposure The group has established a ﬁnancial framework to ensure that it is able to maintain an appropriate level of liquidity and ﬁnancial capacity and to constrain the level of assessed capital at risk for the purposes of positions taken in ﬁnancial instruments. Failure to operate within our ﬁnancial framework could lead to the group becoming ﬁnancially distressed leading to a loss of shareholder value. Commercial credit risk is measured and controlled to determine the group’s total credit risk. Inability adequately to determine our credit exposure could lead to ﬁnancial loss. Crude oil prices are generally set in US dollars, while sales of reﬁned products may be in a variety of currencies. Fluctuations in exchange rates can therefore give rise to foreign exchange exposures, with a consequent impact on underlying costs. Liabilities and provisions Changes in the external environment, such as new laws and regulations, market volatility or other factors, could affect the adequacy of our provisions for pensions, tax, environmental and legal liabilities. Operations risks Operations — safety and operations Process safety Inherent in our operations are hazards that require continual oversight and control. There are risks of technical integrity failure and loss of containment of hydrocarbons and other hazardous material at operating sites or pipelines. Failure to manage these risks could result in injury or loss of life, environmental damage and/or loss of production. Personal safety Inability to provide safe environments for our workforce and the public could lead to injuries or loss of life. Environmental If we do not apply our resources to overcome the perceived trade-off between global access to energy and the protection or improvement of the natural environment, we could fail to live up to our aspirations of no or minimal damage to the environment and contributing to human progress. Product quality Supplying customers with on-speciﬁcation products is critical to maintaining our licence to operate and our reputation in the marketplace. Failure to meet product quality standards throughout the value chain could lead to harm to people and the environment and loss of customers. Drilling and production Exploration and production require high levels of investment and are subject to natural hazards and other uncertainties, including those relating to the physical characteristics of an oil or natural gas ﬁeld. The cost of drilling, completing or operating wells is often uncertain. We may be required to curtail, delay or cancel drilling operations because of a variety of factors, including unexpected drilling conditions, pressure or irregularities in geological formations, equipment failures or accidents, adverse weather conditions and compliance with governmental requirements. Transportation All modes of transportation of hydrocarbons contain inherent risks. A loss of containment of hydrocarbons and other hazardous material could occur during transportation by road, rail or sea. This is a signiﬁcant risk due to the potential impact of a release on the environment and people and given the high volumes involved. Operations — planning and performance management Investment efﬁciency Our organic growth is dependent on creating a portfolio of quality options and investing in the best options. Ineffective investment selection could lead to loss of value and higher capital expenditure. Major project delivery Successful execution of our group plan depends critically on implementing the activities to deliver the major projects over the plan period. Poor delivery of any major project that underpins production growth and/or a major programme designed to enhance shareholder value could adversely affect our ﬁnancial performance. Reserves replacement Successful execution of our group plan (see page 14) depends critically on sustaining long-term reserves replacement. If upstream resources are not progressed to proved reserves in a timely and efﬁcient manner, we will be unable to sustain long-term replacement of reserves. Operations — enterprise systems, security and continuity Digital infrastructure The reliability and security of our digital infrastructure are critical to maintaining our business applications availability. A breach of our digital security could cause serious damage to business operations and, in some circumstances, could result in injury to people, damage to assets, harm to the environment and breaches of regulations. Security Security threats require continual oversight and control. Acts of terrorism that threaten our plants and ofﬁces, pipelines, transportation or computer systems would severely disrupt business and operations and could cause harm to people. Business continuity and disaster recovery Contingency plans are required to continue or recover operations following a disruption or incident. Inability to restore or replace critical capacity to an agreed level within an agreed timeframe would prolong the impact of any disruption and could severely affect business and operations. Crisis management Crisis management plans and capability are essential to deal with emergencies at every level of our operations. If we do not respond or are perceived not to respond in an appropriate manner to either an external or internal crisis, our business and operations could be severely disrupted. Operations — people management People and capability Employee training, development and successful recruitment of new staff are key to implementation of our plans. Inability to develop the human capacity and capability across the organization could jeopardize performance delivery. Forward-looking statements In order to utilize the ‘Safe Harbor’ provisions of the United States Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995, BP is providing the following cautionary statement. This document contains certain forward-looking statements with respect to the ﬁnancial condition, results of operations and businesses of BP and certain of the plans and objectives of BP with respect to these items. These statements may generally, but not always, be identiﬁed by the use of words such as ‘will’, ‘expects’, ‘is expected to’, ‘should’, ‘may’, ‘objective’, ‘is likely to’, ‘intends’, ‘believes’, ‘plans’, ‘we see’ or similar expressions. In particular, among other statements, (i) certain statements in Performance review (pages 10-60) with regard to management aims and objectives, future capital expenditure, future hydrocarbon production volume, date or period(s) in which production is scheduled or expected to come on stream or a project or action is scheduled or expected to be completed, capacity of planned plants or facilities, the timing of divestments and impact of health, safety and environmental regulations; (ii) the statements in Performance review (pages 14-47) with regard to planned expansion, investment or other projects and future regulatory actions; and (iii) the statements in Performance review (pages 47-60) with regard to the plans of the group, cash ﬂows, opportunities for material acquisitions, the cost of future remediation programmes, liquidity and costs for providing pension and other post-retirement beneﬁts; and including under ‘Liquidity and Capital Resources’ with regard to future cash ﬂows, future levels of capital expenditure and divestments, working capital, future production volumes, the renewal of borrowing facilities, shareholder distributions and share buybacks and expected payments under contractual and commercial commitments; are all forward-looking in nature. By their nature, forward-looking statements involve risk and uncertainty because they relate to events and depend on circumstances that will or may occur in the future and are outside the control of BP. Actual results may differ materially from those expressed in such statements, depending on a variety of factors, including the speciﬁc factors identiﬁed in the discussions accompanying such forward-looking statements; the timing of bringing new ﬁelds on stream; future levels of industry product supply, demand and pricing; operational problems; general economic conditions; political stability and economic growth in relevant areas of the world; changes in laws and governmental regulations; exchange rate ﬂuctuations; development and use of new technology; the success or otherwise of partnering; the actions of competitors; natural disasters and adverse weather conditions; changes in public expectations and other changes to business conditions; wars and acts of terrorism or sabotage; and other factors discussed elsewhere in this report including under ‘Risk factors’ above. In addition to factors set forth elsewhere in this report, those set out above are important factors, although not exhaustive, that may cause actual results and developments to differ materially from those expressed or implied by these forward-looking statements. Statements regarding competitive position Statements referring to BP’s competitive position are based on the company’s belief and in some cases rely on a range of sources, including investment analysts’ reports, independent market studies and BP’s internal assessments of market share based on publicly available information about the ﬁnancial results and performance of market participants. BP Annual Report and Accounts 2006 13 Information on the company General Unless otherwise indicated, information in this document reﬂects 100% of the assets and operations of the company and its subsidiaries that were consolidated at the date or for the periods indicated, including minority interests. Also, unless otherwise indicated, ﬁgures for business sales and other operating revenues include sales between BP businesses. The British Petroleum Company p.l.c., incorporated in 1909 in England and Wales, became known as BP Amoco p.l.c. following the merger with Amoco Corporation (incorporated in Indiana, US, in 1889). The company subsequently changed its name to BP p.l.c. BP is one of the world’s leading oil companies on the basis of market capitalization and proved reserves. Our worldwide headquarters is located at 1 St James’s Square, London SW1Y 4PD, UK. Telephone +44 (0)20 7496 4000. Our agent in the US is BP America Inc., 4101 Winﬁeld Road, Warrenville, Illinois 60555. Telephone +1 630 821 2222. Overview of the group BP is a global group, with interests and activities held or operated through subsidiaries, jointly controlled entities or associates established in, and subject to the laws and regulations of, many different jurisdictions. These interests and activities cover three business segments, supported by a number of organizational elements comprising group functions or regions. The three business segments are Exploration and Production, Reﬁning and Marketing and Gas, Power and Renewables. Exploration and Production’s activities include oil and natural gas exploration, development and production (upstream activities), together with related pipeline, transportation and processing activities (midstream activities). The activities of Reﬁning and Marketing include oil supply and trading and the manufacture and marketing of petroleum products, including aromatics and acetyls, as well as reﬁning and marketing. Gas, Power and Renewables activities include marketing and trading of gas and power; marketing of liqueﬁed natural gas (LNG); natural gas liquids (NGLs); and low-carbon power generation through our Alternative Energy business. The group provides high-quality technological support for all its businesses through its research and engineering activities. Group functions serve the business segments, aiming to achieve coherence across the group, manage risks effectively and achieve economies of scale. Each head of region ensures regional consistency of the activities of business segments and group functions and represents BP to external parties. The group’s system of internal control is described in the BP management framework. It is designed to meet the expectations of internal control of the Turnbull Guidance on the Combined Code in the UK and of COSO (committee of the sponsoring organization for the Treadway Commission in the US). The system of internal control is the complete set of management systems, organizational structures, processes, standards and behaviours that are employed to conduct the business of BP and deliver returns to shareholders. The design of the management framework addresses risks and how to respond to them. Each component of the framework is in itself a device to respond to a particular type or collection of risks. The group strategy describes the group’s strategic objectives and the presumptions made by BP about the future. It describes strategic risks that arise from making such presumptions and the actions to be taken to manage or mitigate the risks. The board delegates to the group chief executive responsibility for developing BP’s strategy and its implementation through ﬁve-year and annual plans (the group plan) that determine the setting of priorities and allocation of resources. The group chief executive is obliged to discuss with the board, on the basis of the strategy and group plan, all material matters currently or prospectively affecting BP’s performance. As the group’s business segments are managed on a global, not on a regional, basis, geographical information for the group and segments is given to provide additional information for investors but does not reﬂect the way BP manages its activities. We have well-established operations in Europe, the US, Canada, Russia, South America, Australasia, Asia and parts of Africa. Currently, around 70% of the group’s capital is invested in Organisation for 14 Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) countries, with just under 40% of our ﬁxed assets located in the US and around 25% located in the UK and the Rest of Europe. We believe that BP has a strong portfolio of assets in each of its main segments: – In Exploration and Production, we have upstream interests in 26 countries. In addition to our drive to maximize the value of our existing portfolio, we are continuing to develop new proﬁt centres. Exploration and Production activities are managed through operating units that are accountable for the day-to-day management of the segment’s activities. An operating unit is accountable for one or more ﬁelds. Proﬁt centres comprise one or more operating units. Proﬁt centres are, or are expected to become, areas that provide signiﬁcant production and income for the segment. Our new proﬁt centres are in Asia Paciﬁc (Australia, Vietnam, Indonesia and China), Azerbaijan, North Africa (Algeria), Angola, Trinidad & Tobago and the deepwater Gulf of Mexico; and in Russia/Kazakhstan (including our operations in TNK-BP, Sakhalin and LukArco), where we believe we have competitive advantage and which we believe provide the foundation for volume growth and improved margins in the future. We also have signiﬁcant midstream activities to support our upstream interests. – In Reﬁning and Marketing, we have a strong presence in the US and Europe. We market under the Amoco and BP brands in the Midwest, East and Southeast and under the ARCO brand on the West Coast of the US, and under the BP and Aral brands in Europe. We have a long- established supply and trading activity responsible for delivering value across the crude and oil products supply chain. Our Aromatics and Acetyls business maintains a manufacturing position globally, with emphasis on growth in Asia. We also have, or are growing, businesses elsewhere in the world under the BP and Castrol brands, including a strong global Lubricants portfolio and other business-to-business marketing businesses (aviation and marine) covering the mobility sectors. We continue to seek opportunities to broaden our activities in growing markets such as China and India. – In Gas, Power and Renewables, we have a growing marketing and trading business in the US, Canada, UK and continental Europe. Our marketing and trading activities include natural gas, power and NGLs. Our international natural gas monetization activities identify and capture worldwide opportunities for our upstream natural gas resources and are focused on growing natural gas markets, including the US, Canada, Spain and many of the emerging markets of the Asia Paciﬁc region, notably China. We have a signiﬁcant NGLs processing and marketing business in North America. In 2005, we established BP Alternative Energy, which aims to extend signiﬁcantly our capabilities in solar, wind, hydrogen power and gas-ﬁred power generation. Alternative Energy has solar production facilities in US, Spain and India and Australia, wind farms in the Netherlands and a substantial portfolio of development projects in the US. We are advancing development of hydrogen power plants and are involved in power projects in the US, UK, Spain and South Korea. Through non-US subsidiaries or other entities, BP conducts or has conducted limited marketing, licensing and trading activities and technical studies in certain countries subject to US sanctions, in particular in Iran and with Iranian counterparties, including the National Iranian Oil Company (NIOC) and afﬁliated entities, and has a small representative ofﬁce in Iran. BP believes that these activities are immaterial to the group. In addition, BP has interests in, and is the operator of, two ﬁelds outside Iran in which NIOC and an afﬁliated entity have interests. However, BP does not seek to obtain from the government of Iran licences or agreements for oil and gas projects in Iran and does not own or operate any reﬁneries or chemicals plants in Iran. Acquisitions and disposals In 2006, there were no signiﬁcant acquisitions. BP purchased 9.6% of the shares issued under Rosneft’s IPO for a consideration of $1 billion (included in capital expenditure). This represents an interest of around 1.4% in Rosneft. Disposal proceeds were $6,254 million, which included $2.1 billion on the sale of our interest in the Shenzi discovery and around $1.3 billion from the sale of our producing properties on the Outer Continental Shelf of the Gulf of Mexico to Apache Corporation. In 2005, there were no signiﬁcant acquisitions. Disposal proceeds were $11,200 million, which included net cash proceeds from the sale of Innovene to INEOS of $8,304 million after selling costs, closing adjustments and liabilities. Innovene represented the majority of the Oleﬁns and Derivatives business. Additionally, disposal proceeds included proceeds from the sale of the group’s interest in the Ormen Lange ﬁeld in Norway. On 2 November 2004, Solvay exercised its option to sell its interests in BP Solvay Polyethylene Europe and BP Solvay Polyethylene North America to BP. Solvay held 50% of BP Solvay Polyethylene Europe and 51% of BP Solvay Polyethylene North America. On completion, the two entities, which manufactured and marketed high-density polyethylene, became wholly owned subsidiaries of BP. The total consideration for the acquisition was $1,391 million. These two entities were subsequently included as part of the sale of Innovene to INEOS (see above). During 2004, BP China and Sinopec announced the establishment of the BP-Sinopec (Zhejiang) Petroleum Co. Ltd, a retail joint venture between BP and Sinopec. Based on the existing service station network of Sinopec, the 30-year dual-branded joint venture has plans to build, operate and manage a network of 500 service stations in Hangzhou, Ningbo and Shaoxing. Also during 2004, BP China and PetroChina announced the establishment of BP-PetroChina Petroleum Company Limited. Located in Guangdong, one of the most developed provinces in China, the 30-year dual-branded joint venture is intended to acquire, build, operate and manage 500 service stations in the province within three years of establishment. The initial investment in both joint ventures amounted to $106 million. (See Reﬁning and Marketing on page 31 for further details.) Disposal proceeds in 2004 were $4,961 million, which included $2.3 billion from the sale of the group’s investments in PetroChina and Sinopec. Additionally, it included proceeds from the sale of various oil and gas properties, the sale of our interest in Singapore Reﬁning Company Private Limited, the sale of our specialty intermediate chemicals and Fabrics and Fibres businesses and the sale of two NGLs plants. BP Annual Report and Accounts 2006 15 Exploration and production Our Exploration and Production business includes upstream and midstream activities in 26 countries, including the US, the UK, Angola, Azerbaijan, Canada, Egypt, Russia, Trinidad & Tobago (Trinidad) and locations within Asia Paciﬁc, Latin America and the Middle East. Upstream activities involve oil and natural gas exploration and ﬁeld development and production. Our exploration programme is currently focused around the deepwater Gulf of Mexico, Angola, Egypt, Russia and Algeria. Major development areas include the deepwater Gulf of Mexico, Azerbaijan, Algeria, Angola, Egypt and Asia Paciﬁc. During 2006, production came from 22 countries. The principal areas of production are Russia, the US, Trinidad, the UK, Latin America, the Middle East, Asia Paciﬁc, Azerbaijan, Angola and Egypt. Midstream activities involve the ownership and management of crude oil and natural gas pipelines, processing and export terminals and LNG processing facilities and transportation. Our most signiﬁcant midstream pipeline interests include the Trans Alaska Pipeline System, the Forties Pipeline System and the Central Area Transmission System pipeline, both in the UK sector of the North Sea, and the Baku-Tbilisi-Ceyhan pipeline, running through Azerbaijan, Georgia and Turkey. Major LNG activities are located in Trinidad, Indonesia and Australia. Further LNG businesses with BP involvement are being built up in Egypt and Angola. Our oil and gas production assets are located onshore or offshore and include wells, gathering centres, in-ﬁeld ﬂow lines, processing facilities, storage facilities, offshore platforms, export systems (e.g. transit lines), pipelines and LNG plant facilities. Key statistics ----- -------- -------- --------- -------- -------- --------- -------- -------- -- ------ -------- --------- -------- -------- --------- ------ -- -------- --------- 2006 2005a $ million 2004a ----- -------- -------- --------- -------- -------- --------- -------- -------- -- ------ -------- --------- -------- -------- --------- ------ -- -------- --------- Sales and other operating revenues from continuing operations Proﬁt before interest and tax from continuing operations Total assets Capital expenditure and acquisitions 52,600 47,210 34,700 29,629 99,310 13,118 25,502 93,447 10,237 18,085 85,808 11,002 ----- -------- -------- --------- -------- -------- --------- -------- -------- -- ------ -------- --------- -------- -------- --------- ------ -- -------- --------- Average BP crude oil realizationsb Average BP NGL realizationsb Average BP liquids realizationsb c Average West Texas Intermediate oil price Average Brent oil price $ per barrel 61.91 37.17 59.23 66.02 65.14 50.27 33.23 48.51 56.58 54.48 36.45 26.75 35.39 41.49 38.27 ----- -------- -------- --------- -------- -------- --------- -------- -------- -- ------ -------- --------- -------- -------- --------- ------ -- -------- --------- Average BP natural gas realizationsb Average BP US natural gas realizationsb 4.72 5.74 4.90 6.78 3.86 5.11 $ per thousand cubic feet ----- -------- -------- --------- -------- -------- --------- -------- -------- -- ------ -------- --------- -------- -------- --------- ------ -- -------- --------- Average Henry Hub gas priced 7.24 8.65 6.13 $ per mmBtu Profit before interest and tax from continuing operations includes profit after interest and tax of equity-accounted entities. a With effect from 1 January 2006, we transferred the Phu My Phase 3 combined cycle gas turbine plant in Vietnam to the Gas, Power and Renewables segment. The 2005 and 2004 data above has been restated to reflect this transfer. b The Exploration and Production business does not undertake any hedging activity. Consequently, realizations reflect the market price achieved. Realizations are based on sales of consolidated subsidiaries only – this excludes equity-accounted entities. c Crude oil and natural gas liquids. d Henry Hub First of Month Index. Our activities are divided among existing proﬁt centres – our operations in Alaska, Egypt, Latin America (including Argentina, Bolivia, Colombia and Venezuela), Middle East (including Abu Dhabi, India, Sharjah and Pakistan), North America Gas (onshore US and Canada) and the North Sea (UK, Netherlands and Norway); and new proﬁt centres – our operations in Asia Paciﬁc (Australia, Vietnam, Indonesia and China), Azerbaijan, North Africa (Algeria), Angola, Trinidad and the deepwater Gulf of Mexico; and Russia/Kazakhstan (this includes our operations in TNK-BP, Sakhalin and LukArco). 16 Operations in Argentina, Bolivia, Abu Dhabi, Kazakhstan and the TNK-BP and Sakhalin operations in Russia, as well as some of our operations in Indonesia and Venezuela, are conducted through equity- accounted entities. The Exploration and Production strategy is to build production with improving returns by: – Focusing on ﬁnding the largest ﬁelds, concentrating our involvement in a limited number of the world’s most proliﬁc hydrocarbon basins. – Building leadership positions in these areas. – Managing the decline of existing producing assets and divesting assets when they no longer compete in our portfolio. This strategy is underpinned by a focused exploration strategy in areas with the potential for large oil and natural gas ﬁelds as new proﬁt centres. Through the application of advanced technology and signiﬁcant investment, we have gained a strong position in many of these areas. Within our existing proﬁt centres, we seek to manage the decline through the application of technology, reservoir management, maintaining operating efﬁciency and investing in new projects. We also continually review our existing assets and dispose of them when the opportunities for future investment are no longer competitive compared with other opportunities within our portfolio and offer greater value to another operator. In support of growth, total capital expenditure and acquisitions in 2006 was $13.1 billion (2005 $10.2 billion and 2004 $11.0 billion). Capital expenditure in 2006 included our investment in Rosneft’s IPO of $1 billion. There were no signiﬁcant acquisitions in 2006 or 2005. Acquisitions in 2004 included some $1.4 billion of additional investment in TNK-BP. Capital expenditure in 2007 is planned to be around $13 billion. This reﬂects our project programme, managed within the context of our disciplined approach to capital investment and taking into account sector- speciﬁc inﬂation. Development expenditure incurred in 2006, excluding midstream activities, was $9,109 million, compared with $7,678 million in 2005 and $7,270 million in 2004. This increase reﬂects the investment we have been making in our new proﬁt centres and the development phase of many of our major projects. Upstream activities Exploration The group explores for oil and natural gas under a wide range of licensing, joint venture and other contractual agreements. We may do this alone or, more frequently, with partners. BP acts as operator for many of these ventures. Our exploration and appraisal costs in 2006 were $1,765 million, compared with $1,266 million in 2005 and $1,039 million in 2004. These costs include exploration and appraisal drilling expenditures, which are capitalized within intangible ﬁxed assets, and geological and geophysical exploration costs, which are charged to income as incurred. About 41% of 2006 exploration and appraisal costs were directed towards appraisal activity. In 2006, we participated in 85 gross (37 net) exploration and appraisal wells in 14 countries. The principal areas of activity were deepwater Gulf of Mexico, Angola, Egypt, the UK North Sea, Trinidad and Russia (outside TNK-BP). Total exploration expense in 2006 of $1,045 million (2005 $684 million and 2004 $637 million) included the write-off of unsuccessful drilling activity in the deepwater Gulf of Mexico ($343 million), in Trinidad ($85 million), in Turkey ($80 million), onshore North America ($44 million) and others ($16 million). In 2006, we obtained upstream rights in several new tracts, which include the following: – In the Gulf of Mexico, we were awarded 101 blocks (BP 100%) through the Outer Continental Shelf Lease Sales 198 and 200. – In India, we were awarded (BP 100%) the Coal Bed Methane block BB-CBM-2005/III located in the Birbhum district of West Bengal. – In Pakistan, we were awarded three new blocks (BP 100%), covering approximately 20,000 km2 of the offshore Indus delta. In early 2007: – In Oman, we signed a production-sharing agreement to appraise and develop the Khazzan/Makarem gas ﬁelds. In 2006, we were involved in a number of discoveries. In most cases, reserves bookings from these ﬁelds will depend on the results of ongoing technical and commercial evaluations, including appraisal drilling. Our most signiﬁcant discoveries in 2006 included the following: – In Angola, we made further discoveries in the ‘ultra deepwater’ (greater than 1,500 metres) in Block 31 (BP 26.7% and operator) with Urano, Titania and Terra wells, bringing the total number of discoveries in Block 31 to 12. – In the deepwater Gulf of Mexico, we made a discovery with the Kaskida well. Reserves and production BP manages its hydrocarbon resources in three major categories: prospect inventory, non-proved resources and proved reserves. When a discovery is made, volumes usually transfer from the prospect inventory to the non-proved resource category. The resources move through various non-proved resource sub-categories as their technical and commercial maturity increases through appraisal activity. Resources in a ﬁeld will only be categorized as proved reserves when all the criteria for attribution of proved status have been met, including an internally imposed requirement for project sanction or for sanction expected within six months and, for additional reserves in existing ﬁelds, the requirement that the reserves be included in the business plan and scheduled for development, typically within three years. Where, on occasion, the group decides to book reserves where development is scheduled to commence beyond three years, these reserves will be booked only where they satisfy the SEC’s criteria for attribution of proved status. Internal approval and ﬁnal investment decision are what we refer to as project sanction. At the point of sanction, all booked reserves will be categorized as proved undeveloped (PUD). Volumes will subsequently be recategorized from PUD to proved developed (PD) as a consequence of development activity. When part of a well’s reserves depends on a later phase of activity, only that portion of reserves associated with existing, available facilities and infrastructure moves to PD. The ﬁrst PD bookings will occur at the point of ﬁrst oil or gas production. Major development projects typically take one to four years from the time of initial booking to the start of production. Changes to reserves bookings may be made due to analysis of new or existing data concerning production, reservoir performance, commercial factors, acquisition and divestment activity and additional reservoir development activity. BP has an internal process to control the quality of reserves bookings that forms part of a holistic and integrated system of internal control. BP’s process to manage reserves bookings has been centrally controlled for more than 15 years and it currently has several key elements. The ﬁrst element is the accountabilities of certain ofﬁcers of the company to ensure that there are effective controls in the proved reserves veriﬁcation and approval process of the group’s reserves estimates and the timely reporting of the related ﬁnancial impacts of proved reserves changes. These ofﬁcers of the company are responsible for carrying out veriﬁcation of proved reserves estimates and are independent of the operating business unit to ensure integrity and accuracy of reporting. The second element is the capital allocation processes whereby delegated authority is exercised to commit to capital projects that are consistent with the delivery of the group’s business plan. A formal review process exists to ensure that both technical and commercial criteria are met prior to the commitment of capital to projects. The third element is Internal Audit, whose role includes systematically examining the effectiveness of the group’s ﬁnancial controls designed to assure the reliability of reporting and safeguarding of assets and examining the group’s compliance with laws, regulations and internal standards. reserves base undergoes central review every two years and more than 90% is reviewed every four years. For the executive directors and senior management, no speciﬁc portion of compensation bonuses is directly related to oil and gas reserves targets. Additions to proved reserves is one of several indicators by which the performance of the Exploration and Production business segment is assessed by the remuneration committee for the purposes of determining compensation bonuses for the executive directors and senior management. Other indicators include a number of ﬁnancial and operational measures. BP’s variable pay programme for the other senior managers in the Exploration and Production business segment is based on individual performance contracts. Individual performance contracts are based on agreed items from the business performance plan, one of which, if they choose, could relate to oil and gas reserves. Details of our net proved reserves of crude oil, condensate, natural gas liquids and natural gas at 31 December 2006, 2005 and 2004 and reserves changes for each of the three years then ended are set out in the Supplementary information on oil and natural gas section beginning on page 196. We separately disclose our share of reserves held in equity- accounted companies (jointly controlled entities and associates), although we do not control these entities or the assets held by such entities. All the group’s oil and gas reserves held in consolidated companies have been estimated by the group’s petroleum engineers. Of the equity-accounted volumes in 2006, 17% were based on estimates prepared by group petroleum engineers and 83% were based on estimates prepared by independent engineering consultants, although all the group’s oil and gas reserves held in equity-accounted companies are reviewed by the group’s petroleum engineers before making the assessment of volumes to be booked by BP. Our proved reserves are associated with both concessions (tax and royalty arrangements) and production-sharing agreements (PSAs). In a concession, the consortium of which we are a part is entitled to the reserves that can be produced over the licence period, which may be the life of the ﬁeld. In a PSA, we are entitled to recover volumes that equate to costs incurred to develop and produce the reserves and an agreed share of the remaining volumes or the economic equivalent. As part of our entitlement is driven by the monetary amount of costs to be recovered, price ﬂuctuations will have an impact on both production volumes and reserves. Fifteen per cent of our proved reserves are associated with PSAs. The main countries in which we operate under PSAs are Algeria, Angola, Azerbaijan, Egypt, Indonesia and Vietnam. At the end of 2006, BP adopted the SEC rules for estimating reserves for all accounting and reporting purposes. Previously, BP applied the UK accounting rules contained in the Statement of Recommended Practice ‘Accounting for Oil and Gas Exploration, Development, Production and Decommissioning Activities’ (UK SORP). These changes are explained in Financial statements – Note 3 on page 110. The company’s proved reserves estimates for the year ended 31 December 2006 reﬂect year-end prices and application of SEC interpretations of SEC regulations relating to the use of technology (mainly seismic) to estimate reserves in the reservoir away from wellbores and the reporting of fuel gas (i.e. gas used for fuel in operations on the lease) within proved reserves. Consequently, these reserves quantities differ from those that would be reported under application of the UK SORP. The 2006 year-end marker prices used were Brent $58.93/bbl (2005 $58.21/bbl and 2004 $40.24/bbl) and Henry Hub $5.52/mmBtu (2005 $9.52/mmBtu and 2004 $6.01/mmBtu). The other 2006 movements in proved reserves are reﬂected in the tables showing movements in oil and gas reserves by region in Financial statements – Supplementary information on oil and natural gas on pages 196-197. The fourth element is a quarterly due diligence review, which is Total hydrocarbon proved reserves, on an oil equivalent basis and separate and independent from the operating business units, of proved reserves associated with properties where technical, operational or commercial issues have arisen. The ﬁfth element is the established criteria whereby proved reserves changes above certain thresholds require central authorization. Furthermore, the volumes booked under these authorization levels are reviewed on a periodic basis. The frequency of review is determined according to ﬁeld size and ensures that more than 80% of the BP excluding equity-accounted entities, comprised 13,163mmboe at 31 December 2006, a decrease of 6.1% compared with 31 December 2005. Natural gas represents about 55% of these reserves. This reduction includes net sales of 227mmboe, largely comprising a number of assets in Latin America, the UK and the US. The proved reserves replacement ratio, excluding equity-accounted entities, was 34% (2005 68% and 2004 78%). The proved reserves replacement ratio (also known as the production replacement ratio) is the extent to which production is replaced by proved reserves additions. This BP Annual Report and Accounts 2006 17 ratio is expressed in oil equivalent terms and includes changes resulting from revisions to previous estimates, improved recovery, extensions, discoveries and other additions, excluding the impact of sales and purchases of reserves-in-place and excluding reserves related to equity-accounted entities. The proved reserves replacement ratio, including sales and purchases of reserves-in-place but excluding equity-accounted entities, was 11% (2005 40% and 2004 64%). By their nature, there is always some risk involved in the ultimate development and production of reserves, including but not limited to ﬁnal regulatory approval, the installation of new or additional infrastructure as well as changes in oil and gas prices and the continued availability of additional development capital. In 2006, net additions to the group’s proved reserves (excluding sales and purchases of reserves-in-place and equity-accounted entities) amounted to 329mmboe, principally through improved recovery from existing ﬁelds. Of the reserves additions through improved recovery from, and extensions to, existing ﬁelds and discoveries of new ﬁelds, approximately half are associated with new projects and are proved undeveloped reserves additions. The remainder are in existing developments where they represent a mixture of proved developed and proved undeveloped reserves. Major new development projects typically take one to four years from the time of initial booking to the start of production. The principal reserves additions were in the UK (Devenick, Foinaven), the US (San Juan, Seminole, Great White, Horn Mountain, Mars) and Angola (Rosa, Greater Plutonio). Total hydrocarbon proved reserves, on an oil equivalent basis for equity-accounted entities alone, comprised 4,537mmboe at 31 December 2006, an increase of 17.2% compared with 31 December 2005. Natural gas represents about 14% of these reserves. The proved reserves replacement ratio for equity-accounted entities alone was 272% (2005 151% and 2004 114%) and the proved reserves replacement ratio for equity-accounted entities alone but including sales and purchases of reserves-in-place was 239% (2005 141% and 2004 170%). Additions to proved developed reserves in 2006 for subsidiaries were 675mmboe, including sales and purchases. This included some reserves that were previously classiﬁed as proved undeveloped. The proved developed reserves replacement ratio (including both sales and purchases of reserves-in-place) was 70% (2005 63% and 2004 70%). Additions to proved developed reserves in 2006 for equity-accounted entities were 936mmboe. This included some reserves that were previously classiﬁed as proved undeveloped. The proved developed reserves replacement ratio (including both sales and purchases of reserves-in-place) was 195% (2005 99% and 2004 180%). Our total hydrocarbon production during 2006 averaged 2,629 thousand barrels of oil equivalent per day (mboe/d) for subsidiaries and 1,297mboe/d for equity-accounted entities, a decrease of 3.3% and an increase of 0.1% respectively compared with 2005. For subsidiaries, 36% of our production was in the US and 16% in the UK. For equity-accounted entities, 75% of production was from TNK-BP. Total production for 2007 is expected to remain broadly the same as in 2006 after allowing for the impact on 2007 of divestments made in 2006. This estimate is based on the group’s asset portfolio at 1 January 2007, expected start-ups in 2007 and Brent at $60/bbl, before any 2007 disposal effects and before any effects of prices above $60/bbl on volumes in PSAs. The anticipated decline in production volumes from subsidiaries in our existing proﬁt centres is partly mitigated by the development of new projects and the investment in incremental reserves in and around existing ﬁelds. We expect that this overall decline in production from subsidiaries in our existing proﬁt centres will be more than compensated for by strong increases in production from subsidiaries in our new proﬁt centres over the next few years. Production in our equity-accounted joint venture TNK-BP is expected to remain broadly constant to 2009. The most important determinants of cash ﬂows in relation to our oil and natural gas production are the prices of these commodities. At constant prices, cash ﬂows from currently developed proved reserves are expected to decline in a manner consistent with anticipated production decline rates. Development activities associated with recent discoveries, as well as continued investment in these producing ﬁelds, are expected to more than offset this decline, resulting in increased operating cash ﬂows over the next few years. Cash ﬂows from equity-accounted entities are expected to be in the form of dividend payments. (See Liquidity and capital resources on page 54.) 18 The following tables show BP’s estimated net proved reserves as at 31 December 2006. Estimated net proved reserves of liquids at 31 December 2006a b ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Developed Undeveloped million barrels ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Estimated net proved reserves of natural gas at 31 December 2006a b ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Developed Undeveloped billion cubic feet ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 458 189 1,916 130 67 193 – 88 3,041 1,968 242 10,438 3,932 1,359 1,032 – 331 19,302 146 97 1,292 237 86 512 – 482 2,852 825 56 4,660 9,194 5,202 1,675 – 1,254 22,866 Total 604 286 3,208 367c 153 705 – 570 5,893 3,888d Total 2,793 298 15,098 13,126e 6,561 2,707 – 1,585 42,168 3,763f UK Rest of Europe USA Rest of Americas Asia Paciﬁc Africa Russia Other Group Equity-accounted entities UK Rest of Europe USA Rest of Americas Asia Paciﬁc Africa Russia Other Group Equity-accounted entities ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Net proved reserves on an oil equivalent basis (mmboe) – Group – Equity-accounted entities 13,163 4,537 a Net proved reserves of crude oil and natural gas, stated as at 31 December 2006, exclude production royalties due to others, whether payable in cash or in kind, and include minority interests in consolidated operations. We disclose our share of reserves held in joint ventures and associates that are accounted for by the equity method although we do not control these entities or the assets held by such entities. b In certain deepwater fields, such as fields in the Gulf of Mexico, BP has claimed proved reserves before production flow tests are conducted, in part because of the significant safety, cost and environmental implications of conducting these tests. The industry has made substantial technological improvements in understanding, measuring and delineating reservoir properties without the need for flow tests. The general method of reserves assessment to determine reasonable certainty of commercial recovery that BP employs relies on the integration of three types of data: (1) well data used to assess the local characteristics and conditions of reservoirs and fluids; (2) field scale seismic data to allow the interpolation and extrapolation of these characteristics outside the immediate area of the local well control; and (3) data from relevant analogous fields. Well data includes appraisal wells or sidetrack holes, full logging suites, core data and fluid samples. BP considers the integration of this data in certain cases to be superior to a flow test in providing a better understanding of the overall reservoir performance. The collection of data from logs, cores, wireline formation testers, pressures and fluid samples calibrated to each other and to the seismic data can allow reservoir properties to be determined over a greater volume than the localized volume of investigation associated with a short term flow test. Historically, proved reserves recorded using these methods have been validated by actual production levels. As at the end of 2006, BP had proved reserves in 22 fields in the deepwater Gulf of Mexico that had been initially booked prior to production flow testing. Of these fields, 18 have been in production and two, Atlantis and Thunder Horse, are expected to begin production by the end of 2007 and by the end of 2008 respectively. Two other fields are in the early stages of development. c Includes 23 million barrels of crude oil in respect of the 30% minority interest in BP Trinidad and Tobago LLC. d Includes 179 million barrels of crude oil in respect of the 6.29% minority interest in TNK-BP. e Includes 3,537 billion cubic feet of natural gas in respect of the 30% minority interest in BP Trinidad and Tobago LLC. f Includes 99 billion cubic feet of natural gas in respect of the 7.77% minority interest in TNK-BP. BP Annual Report and Accounts 2006 19 The following tables show BP’s production by major ﬁeld for 2006, 2005 and 2004. Liquids ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- % thousand barrels per day BP net share of productiona ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- Field or Area Production ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- Prudhoe Bayb Alaska Kuparuk Northstarb Milne Pointb Other 26.4 39.2 98.6 100.0 Various ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- 71 57 38 31 27 Interest 2004 2006 2005 Total Alaska Lower 48 onshorec Gulf of Mexico deepwaterc ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- Various ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- Na Kikab Horn Mountainb Kingb Mars Ursa Other Other Various 50.0 66.6 100.0 28.5 22.7 Various Various 41 23 28 19 21 63 3 ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- 125 224 ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- ETAPd Foinavenb Magnusb Schiehallion/Loyalb Hardingb Andrewb Other Wytch Farmb Various Valhallb Draugen Ulab Other Various Various 85.0 Various 70.0 62.8 Various 67.8 Various 28.1 18.4 80.0 Various Gulf of Mexico Shelfc Total Gulf of Mexico Total USA UK offshorec Total UK offshore Onshore Total UK Netherlands Norway Total Rest of Europe Angola Australia Azerbaijan Canadac Colombia Egypt Trinidad & Tobagoc Venezuelac Otherc Total Rest of World Total groupe Equity-accounted entities (BP share) Abu Dhabif Argentina – Pan American Energy Russia – TNK-BPc Otherc Total equity-accounted entities ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- Kizomba A Girassol Xikomba Other Various Azeri-Chirag-Gunashlib Various Variousb Various Variousb Various Various ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- 26.7 16.7 26.7 Various 15.8 34.1 Various Various Various 100.0 Various Various 54 17 4 58 34 145 8 34 42 40 26 28 Various Various Various Various ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- Various Various Various Various 163 69 876 16 a Net of royalty, whether payable in cash or in kind. b BP-operated. c In 2006, BP divested its producing properties on the Outer Continental Shelf of the Gulf of Mexico and its interest in the Statfjord oil and gas field in the UK. Our interests in the Boqueron, Desarollo Zulia Occidental (DZO) and Jusepin projects in Venezuela were reduced following a decision by the Venezuelan government. TNK-BP disposed of its non-core interests in the Urdmurtneft assets. In 2005, BP divested the Teak, Samaan and Poui assets in Trinidad and sold interests in certain properties in the Gulf of Mexico. In addition, BP exchanged the Gulf of Mexico deepwater Blind Faith prospect for Kerr McGee’s interest in the Arkoma Red Oak and Williburton fields. TNK-BP disposed of non-core producing assets in the Saratov region. In 2004, BP agreed with AAR to incorporate their 50% interest in Slavneft into TNK-BP, an equity-accounted entity. BP also acquired minor additional working interests in Canada and the US. BP diluted its working interests in King’s Peak and divested the Swordfish assets in the deepwater Gulf of Mexico. Additionally, BP sold various properties including its interest in the South Pass 60 in the Gulf of Mexico Shelf, various assets in Alberta, Canada and the Kangean PSA in Indonesia. d Volumes relate to six BP-operated fields within ETAP. BP has no interests in the remaining three ETAP fields which are operated by Shell. e Includes 55 thousand net barrels of oil equivalent per day (mboe/d) of NGLs from processing plants in which BP has an interest (2005 58mboe/d and 2004 67mboe/d). f The BP group holds proportionate interests, through associates, in onshore and offshore concessions in Abu Dhabi expiring in 2014 and 2018, respectively. 20 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 198 547 49 37 30 26 17 7 69 235 18 253 1 21 15 14 10 61 490 1,351 1,124 89 62 46 37 34 268 130 44 26 24 21 19 64 16 214 612 49 39 30 28 22 12 75 255 22 277 1 25 20 17 12 75 56 34 10 28 36 76 10 41 47 40 55 26 459 1,423 148 67 911 13 1,139 97 68 49 44 37 295 142 27 41 26 35 29 47 24 229 666 55 48 34 39 27 12 89 304 26 330 1 25 27 16 8 77 16 31 18 6 36 39 11 48 57 59 55 31 407 1,480 142 64 831 14 1,051 50.0 78.2 Various Various Various 37.0 100.0 62.0 9.0 27.5 18.2 Various - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1,920 2,376 97 16 210 66 389 101 107 56 42 42 31 28 529 936 91 4,009 7,412 1,005 753 198 151 111 110 97 465 1,885 133 52 235 160 580 81 2,546 165 161 55 47 46 37 30 549 1,090 25 37 46 108 367 307 98 106 83 110 128 113 10 1,005 303 289 154 132 83 21 459 3,768 7,512 343 482 87 912 772 183 158 96 105 114 514 1,942 133 43 313 240 729 78 2,749 147 163 67 70 54 76 50 547 1,174 34 46 45 125 308 349 99 80 115 137 144 103 14 553 453 408 137 172 85 111 308 3,576 7,624 317 458 104 879 Natural gas ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- % million cubic feet per day BP net share of productiona ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- Field or Area Production ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- San Juanc Lower 48 onshoreb Arkomac Hugotonc Tuscaloosac Wamsutterc Jonahc Other Various Various Various Various 70.5 65.0 Various 765 225 137 86 113 133 461 ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- Interest 2005 2006 2004 ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- Various ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- Various 67 Total Lower 48 onshore Gulf of Mexico deepwaterb Gulf of Mexico Shelfb Total Gulf of Mexico Alaska Total USA UK offshoreb Na Kikac Marlinc Other Other Braesd Brucec West Solec Marnockc Britannia Shearwater Armada Other Total UK Netherlands Norway Total Rest of Europe Australia Canadab China Egypt ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- P/18-2c Other Various ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- 48.7 Various Various 23 33 35 Sharjah Indonesiab Various Various Yachengc Ha’pyc Other Sanga-Sanga(direct)c Otherc Sajaac Other Kapokc Mahoganyc Amherstiac Parangc Immortellec Cassiac Otherc Various ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- 15.8 Various 34.3 50.0 Various 26.3 46.0 40.0 40.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Various 364 282 102 99 172 84 80 111 9 946 321 176 120 219 30 453 441 Trinidad & Tobagob Otherb Total Rest of World Total groupe Equity-accounted entities (BP share) Argentina – Pan American Energy Russia – TNK-BPb Otherb Total equity-accounted entitiesb Various Various Various ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- Various Various Various 362 544 99 a Net of royalty, whether payable in cash or in kind. b In 2006, BP divested its producing properties on the Outer Continental Shelf of the Gulf of Mexico and its interest in the Statfjord oil and gas field in the UK. Our interests in the Boqueron, Desarollo Zulia Occidental (DZO) and Jusepin projects in Venezuela were reduced following a decision by the Venezuelan government. TNK-BP disposed of its non-core interests in the Urdmurtneft assets. In 2005, BP divested the Teak, Samaan and Poui assets in Trinidad and sold interests in certain properties in the Gulf of Mexico. In addition, BP exchanged the Gulf of Mexico deepwater Blind Faith prospect for Kerr McGee’s interest in the Arkoma Red Oak and Williburton fields. TNK-BP disposed of non-core producing assets in the Saratov region. In 2004, BP agreed with AAR to incorporate their 50% interest in Slavneft into TNK-BP, an equity-accounted entity. BP also acquired minor additional working interests in Canada and the US. BP diluted its working interests in King’s Peak and divested the Swordfish assets in the deepwater Gulf of Mexico. Additionally, BP sold various properties including its interest in the South Pass 60 in the Gulf of Mexico Shelf, various assets in Alberta, Canada and the Kangean PSA in Indonesia. c BP-operated. d Includes 4 million and 7 million cubic feet a day of natural gas received as in-kind tariff payments in 2005 and 2004 respectively. e Natural gas production volumes exclude gas consumed in operations within the lease boundaries of the producing field, but the related reserves are included in the group’s reserves. BP Annual Report and Accounts 2006 21 United States 2006 liquids production at 547 thousand barrels per day (mb/d) decreased 11% from 2005, while natural gas production at 2,376 million cubic feet per day (mmcf/d) decreased 7% compared with 2005. fracturing techniques, we are achieving well rates up to 10 times higher than more conventional techniques and per-well recoveries some ﬁve times higher. Signiﬁcant events were: Crude oil production decreased 63mb/d from 2005, with production – Drilling continued during 2006 on the Wamsutter natural gas expansion from new projects being offset by divestments and natural reservoir decline. The NGLs component of liquids production remained essentially ﬂat compared with 2005, with a slight decline of 2mb/d. Gas production was lower (170mmcf/d) because of divestments and natural reservoir decline. Development expenditure in the US (excluding midstream) during 2006 was $3,579 million, compared with $2,965 million in 2005 and $3,247 million in 2004. The annual increase is the result of various development projects in progress. project. The multi-year drilling programme is expected to increase production signiﬁcantly by the end of 2010. We are currently testing horizontal fracturing technology and carrying out wireless seismic studies on the reservoir. – In January 2007, we announced our investment of up to $2.4 billion over the next 13 years in the Coal Bed Methane Field development project in the San Juan Basin of Colorado. The project includes the drilling of more than 700 wells, nearly all from existing well sites, and the installation of associated ﬁeld facilities. On 19 April 2006, BP announced the sale of its producing properties on – In October 2006, we completed the sale of ﬁve onshore properties in the Outer Continental Shelf of the Gulf of Mexico to Apache Corporation for $1.3 billion. The major part of the sale was completed in June 2006 after receiving regulatory approval. In the third quarter of 2006, we completed the sale of our remaining Gulf of Mexico Shelf assets that were subject to pre-emption rights. BP retained certain decommissioning obligations related to the disposed assets. South Louisiana to Swift Energy for approximately $160 million. Alaska In Alaska, BP net crude oil production in 2006 was 224mb/d, a decrease of 16% from 2005, due to mature ﬁeld decline and operational issues associated with transit pipelines described below. Our activities within the US take place in three main areas. Signiﬁcant BP operates 13 North Slope oil ﬁelds (including Prudhoe Bay, Northstar events during 2006 within each of these are indicated below. Deepwater Gulf of Mexico Deepwater Gulf of Mexico is one of our new proﬁt centres and our largest area of growth in the US. In 2006, our deepwater Gulf of Mexico crude oil production was 195mb/d and gas production was 323mmcf/d. and Milne Point) and four North Slope pipelines and owns a signiﬁcant interest in six other producing ﬁelds. Our 26.4% interest in the Prudhoe Bay natural gas resource is a large undeveloped source of natural gas. Developing viscous oil is an important part of the Alaska business. We are continually looking to develop viscous oil production in various ﬁelds through the application of advanced technology. Signiﬁcant events were: Signiﬁcant events were: – Offshore repair work on the Thunder Horse platform (BP 75% and operator) was completed during 2006. However, tests conducted during the commissioning of the platform revealed metallurgical failure in components of the subsea system. In September 2006, we announced our plan to retrieve and replace all the subsea components we believed could be at risk. We currently estimate that this will cost around $650 million (BP net). Production is expected to start up by the end of 2008. – The Mars platform (BP 28.5%) suffered heavy damage from Hurricane Katrina in August 2005. Production resumed in May 2006 and was 190mboe/d gross by September 2006, a 20% increase over pre- Katrina rates. – Expansion of the Mars and Na Kika ﬁelds also continued during 2006 and ﬁrst production from these projects is expected in 2007. – Progress continued on the Atlantis project (BP 56% and operator) during 2006. The semi-submersible platform will be the deepest moored ﬂoating production facility in the world in approximately 7,100 feet of water. First oil is expected by the end of 2007. – On 31 August 2006, we announced a signiﬁcant oil exploration discovery on the Kaskida prospect in approximately 5,900 feet of water. – Development of the King Subsea Pump project (BP 100% and operator) continued during 2006, with ﬁrst production expected by the end of 2007. This is the ﬁrst subsea multi-phase pump application in water depths greater than 3,000 feet. – In July 2006, we completed the sale of our 28% interest in the Shenzi discovery to Repsol for $2,145 million. Lower 48 states In the Lower 48 states (Onshore), our 2006 natural gas production was 1,920mmcf/d, which was up 2% compared with 2005. Liquids production was 125mb/d, down 4% compared with 2005 as a result of normal ﬁeld decline. In 2006, we drilled approximately 330 wells as operator and continued to maintain a level programme of drilling activity throughout the year. Production is derived primarily from two main areas: – In the Western Basins (Colorado, New Mexico and Wyoming), our assets produced 218mboe/d in 2006. – In the Gulf Coast and Mid-Continental basins (Kansas, Louisiana, Oklahoma and Texas), our assets produced 183mboe/d in 2006. – The development of recovery technology continues to be a fundamental strategy in accessing our North America tight gas resources. Through the use of horizontal drilling and advanced hydraulic – BP, along with ExxonMobil, ConocoPhillips and the Executive Branch of the State of Alaska, reached agreement on a gas pipeline ﬁscal contract. Two special sessions of the legislature called by the former governor ended without legislative ratiﬁcation of the contract. The change of governor, which took place in December 2006, has temporarily delayed continued negotiations with the State of Alaska until a clear process leading to ratiﬁcation of the gas pipeline ﬁscal contract is deﬁned by the new administration. BP stands ready to execute a modiﬁed ﬁscal contract that is agreeable to all the parties. – The State of Alaska signiﬁcantly increased production taxes by adopting a new Petroleum Production Tax (PPT) bill on 19 August 2006, effective from 1 April 2006. The key terms of the PPT include a 22.5% oil tax rate with capital credits and a clause whereby the oil tax rate increases as the net margin rises above $40/bbl. – On 27 November 2006, the State of Alaska Department of Natural Resources (DNR) issued a decision regarding the Plan of Development (POD) submitted by ExxonMobil on behalf of the Point Thompson Unit owners (BP 32%) on 18 October 2006. The DNR decision was to reject the modiﬁed POD, deny the proposed settlement of the expansion lease acreage and terminate the Point Thompson Unit. BP, along with the other owners, is studying options available in response to this decision. BP intends to pursue vigorously the retention of its interest in the Point Thompson Unit and remains committed to its development in conjunction with our broader gas strategy and the proposal to construct a gas pipeline from Alaska, through Canada, to the Midwest US. – Alaska viscous and heavy oil assets produced their 100 millionth barrel (gross) in November 2006. West Sak 1J Phase 1 viscous project has drilled more than half the planned 31 development wells, Milne Point is planning the NW Schrader Bluff winter appraisal programme and the Orion Phase II sanction in Prudhoe Bay is expected in the ﬁrst quarter of 2007. Orion Phase II completes GC-2 viscous oil facility modiﬁcations and develops eight additional producer wells and 22 injector wells; ﬁrst oil is planned for 2009. – On 2 March 2006, a transit pipeline in the Western operating area of the Prudhoe Bay ﬁeld was discovered to have spilled approximately 4,800 barrels of crude oil over approximately two acres. The processing facility that feeds into the transit line was immediately shut down. An investigation team determined that the leak was caused by internal corrosion. Spill clean-up was completed and business operations resumed in April 2006 using a separate bypass line. (See also Environmental Protection – Health, Safety and Environmental Regulation on page 42.) 22 – On 7 August 2006, an orderly and phased shutdown of the Eastern Operating Area of the Prudhoe Bay oil ﬁeld began following the discovery of unexpected corrosion and a small spill from a Prudhoe Bay oil transit line. In September, we determined that the oil transit lines in the Eastern Operating Area of Prudhoe Bay could be returned to service for the purposes of in-line inspection. By the end of October we had returned to service all three ﬂow stations previously shut down. – Current production from Prudhoe Bay is more than 400,000 barrels of oil and natural gas liquids per day (gross). BP has a 26.4% interest in the Prudhoe Bay ﬁeld. – In response to the recent corrosion discoveries, BP has decided to replace the main oil transit lines (16 miles) in both the Eastern and Western Operating Areas of Prudhoe Bay. In addition, BP plans to spend over $550 million (net) over the next two years on integrity management in Alaska. BP has retained three eminent corrosion experts to evaluate independently and make recommendations for improving the corrosion programme in Alaska. BP has also asked an independent ombudsman to undertake a review of worker allegations raised on the North Slope of Alaska since the acquisition of ARCO in 2000 to determine whether the problems have been addressed and rectiﬁed. – In February 2007, BP temporarily shut down its Northstar production facility to repair welds in the low pressure gas piping system. BP is currently ﬁnalising inspections and has begun repairs. United Kingdom We are the largest producer of oil and second largest producer of gas in the UK. BP remains the largest overall producer of hydrocarbons in the UK. In 2006, total liquids production was 253mb/d, a 9% decrease on 2005, and gas production was 936mmcf/d, a 14% decrease on 2005. This decrease in production was driven by the natural decline, operational issues and lower seasonal gas demand. Our activities in the North Sea are focused on safe operations, efﬁcient delivery of production and midstream operations, in-ﬁeld drilling and selected new ﬁeld developments. Our development expenditure (excluding midstream) in the UK was $794 million in 2006, compared with $790 million in 2005 and $679 million in 2004. Signiﬁcant events were: – Drilling continued during 2006 on the Clair Phase 1 development (BP 28.6% and operator) programme and is scheduled to continue through 2008. – In September 2006, BP reached an agreement, subject to Department of Trade and Industry (DTI) approval, to acquire acreage in the UK Central North Sea that contains two discovered ﬁelds and further exploration potential. – BP and its partner approved the front end engineering and design for the Harding Area Gas Project (BP 70% and operator) in July 2006. This represents the ﬁrst stage of a development project to allow the production of gas from the Harding area and prolong the life of the ﬁeld beyond 2015. – Progress continued during the year on the Magnus Expansion Project (BP 85% and operator), with ﬁrst oil achieved in October 2006. – The UK government approved the North West Hutton decommissioning programme in April 2006. BP, on behalf of the owners of North West Hutton (BP 26% and operator), awarded a contract in October 2006 for the offshore removal and onshore recycling of the installation. Detailed engineering work for removal has begun. Platform removal is expected to start in 2008 and to be completed by the end of 2009. – In December 2005, the UK government announced a 10% supplemental tax increase on North Sea oil proﬁts, taking the total corporate tax rate to 50%. This tax increase became law in July 2006, with effect from 1 January 2006. – In March 2006, we reached agreement for the sale of our 4.84% interest in the Statfjord oil and gas ﬁeld. This sale was completed in June 2006. Rest of Europe Development expenditure, excluding midstream, in the Rest of Europe was $214 million, compared with $188 million in 2005 and $262 million in 2004. Norway In 2006, our total production in Norway was 66mboe/d, a 20% decrease on 2005. This decrease in production was driven by natural decline. Signiﬁcant activities were: – Progress on the Valhall (BP 28.1% and operator) redevelopment project continued during 2006. A new platform is scheduled to become operational in 2010, with expected oil production capacity of 150mb/d and gas handling capacity of 175mmcf/d. – Drilling continued through 2006 on the Valhall ﬂank development and water injection projects. The ﬂank drilling programme was completed in September 2006 and water injection drilling will continue during 2007. – In March 2006, we reached agreement for the sale of our interest in the Luva gas discovery, in the North Sea. This sale was completed in the second quarter of 2006. Netherlands In May 2006, we announced our intention to sell our exploration and production and gas infrastructure business in the Netherlands. This includes onshore and offshore production assets and the onshore gas supply facility, Piek Gas Installatie, at Alkmaar. The sale was completed on 1 February 2007 to the Abu Dhabi National Energy Company, TAQA. Rest of World Development expenditure, excluding midstream, in Rest of World was $4,522 million in 2006, compared with $3,735 million in 2005 and $3,082 million in 2004. Rest of Americas Canada – In Canada, our natural gas and liquids production was 57mboe/d in 2006, a decrease of 10% compared with 2005. The year-on-year decrease in production is mainly due to natural ﬁeld decline. – BP has been successful in obtaining new licences in British Columbia and Alberta land sales. The acquired acreage will form part of the Noel tight gas development project in north-eastern British Columbia. The project will involve drilling up to 180 horizontal wells and innovative fracturing technology to develop the remainder of the resources. Trinidad – In Trinidad, natural gas production volumes increased by 14% to 2,265mmcf/d in 2006. The increase was driven by higher demand due to the ramp-up of Atlantic LNG Train 4. Liquids production declined by 2mb/d (5%) to 38mb/d in 2006. – Cannonball (BP 100%), Trinidad’s ﬁrst major offshore construction project executed locally, started production in March 2006. Production increased during the year and the asset is currently providing gas for the Atlantic LNG trains. – BP sanctioned the development projects for Red Mango (BP 100%) in April 2006 and for Cashima (BP 100%) in August 2006. First production is expected by the end of 2007 and in 2008 respectively. Venezuela – In Venezuela, our 2006 liquids production reduced by 25mb/d compared with 2005, mainly as a result of the enforced reduction of our interests in the non-BP-operated Jusepin property and the Boqueron and Desarollo Zulia Occidental (DZO) reactivation projects, which BP operated until 31 March 2006 under operating service agreements on behalf of the state oil company, Petroleos de Venezuela S.A. (PDVSA). – In August 2006, BP signed conversion agreements to co-operate with PDVSA in setting up incorporated joint ventures in which PDVSA would be the majority shareholder. The structures for the incorporated joint ventures were established in December 2006 and these are now the operators of the Boqueron and DZO properties. BP Annual Report and Accounts 2006 23 – In December 2006, BP, in common with the other partners in the Jusepin property, reached agreement with PDVSA for compensation in return for the relinquishment of our interest in the property. December 2006. Development on the Rosa project, a tie-back to the Girassol hub, continued, with ﬁrst production expected by the end of 2007. – Cerro Negro is a non-BP-operated property that is a heavy oil project – In Block 18 (BP 50% and operator), work has continued on the Greater from which production is sold directly by BP. The Venezuelan government has communicated its intention of converting this strategic association to an incorporated joint venture. It is too early to determine the effect of this. – In 2005, changes were made by the Venezuelan government to increase corporate income taxes from 34% to 50% on those companies operating under operating service agreements. Changes were also made in 2006 to the taxation of oil extraction companies, such as Cerro Negro. From 1 June 2006, a new extraction tax at a maximum rate of 33.33% was introduced (the existing royalty of 16.67% can be offset against the new extraction tax) and, on 25 September 2006, the corporate income tax rate was raised from 34% to 50% with effect from 1 January 2007. Colombia – In Colombia, BP’s net production averaged 50mboe/d. The main part of the production comes from the Cusiana, Cupiagua and Cupiagua South Fields, with increasing new production from the Cupiagua extension into the Recetor Association Contract and the Floren˜ a and Pauto ﬁelds in the Piedemonte Association Contract. In March 2006, cumulative production from the BP-operated ﬁelds reached 1 billion barrels gross since operations began in 1992. – In December 2006, the corporate income tax rate was reduced from its current rate of 35% to 34% from 1 January 2007 and to 33% from 1 January 2008. Argentina and Bolivia – In Argentina and Bolivia, activity is conducted through Pan American Energy (PAE), in which BP holds a 60% interest, and which is accounted for by the equity method since it is jointly controlled. In 2006, total production of 145mboe/d represented an increase of 7% over 2005, with oil increasing by 4% and gas by 10%. The main increase in oil production came from the continued focus on drilling and waterﬂoods in Golfo San Jorge in Argentina, where oil production was 60mb/d, compared with 58mb/d in 2005. The ﬁeld is now producing at its highest level since inception in 1958 and further expansion programmes are planned. PAE also has interests in gas pipelines, electricity generation plants and other midstream infrastructure assets. – In November 2006, PAE and all other oil and gas companies with operations in Bolivia entered into agreements with the state-owned oil company Yacimientos Petrolı´feros Fiscales Bolivianos (YPFB) that establish governmental control over the country’s hydrocarbon resources. The agreements have been approved by the Bolivian Congress. YPFB will be responsible for marketing all hydrocarbons produced in Bolivia and for determining the terms of sales contracts. Africa Algeria – BP, through its joint operatorship of In Salah Gas with Statoil and the Algerian state company, Sonatrach, supplied 300bcf (gross) of gas to markets in Algeria and southern Europe during 2006. The carbon dioxide (CO2) capture system, part of the In Salah project (BP 33.15%), is one of the world’s largest CO2 capture projects. – BP, through its joint operatorship of In Amenas with Statoil and Sonatrach, completed the development of the In Amenas project (BP 12.5%). First production was achieved in June 2006. – From 1 August 2006, a windfall proﬁt tax was announced that applies to certain producers when the monthly average price of a barrel of oil exceeds $30. At present, the only asset of BP affected by this is the In Amenas project. Angola – In Block 15 (BP 26.7%), development of Kizomba C commenced in the ﬁrst quarter of 2006. Development of Kizomba A Phase II continued, with ﬁrst production planned for the end of 2007. – In Block 17 (BP 16.7%), development activities were completed and the FPSO moored on the Dalia project. First production commenced in 24 Plutonio development in line with expectations to commence production by the end of 2007. – In Block 31 (BP 26.7% and operator), three additional discoveries were made in 2006. There have been a total of 12 discoveries that are at various stages of assessment of commercial viability. – We are participating in the Angola LNG project (BP 13.6%). Egypt – In Egypt, the Gulf of Suez Petroleum Company (GUPCO) (BP 50%), a joint venture operating company between BP and the Egyptian General Petroleum Corporation, carries out our operated oil and gas production operations. GUPCO operates eight PSAs in the Gulf of Suez and Western Desert and one PSA in the Mediterranean Sea, encompassing more than 40 ﬁelds. – The Temsah redevelopment project was completed and production achieved in the second quarter of 2006. – Progress continued on the Saqqara ﬁeld (BP 100%) development project, with ﬁrst production expected in the ﬁrst quarter of 2008. – In June 2006, the Egyptian Natural Gas Holding Corporation (EGAS), BP, SEGAS and Eni signed a framework agreement marking a major step forward for the development of the second liqueﬁed natural gas (LNG) export train at the Damietta site on the Egyptian Mediterranean coast. Asia Paciﬁc Indonesia – BP produces crude oil and supplies natural gas to the island of Java through its holding in the Offshore Northwest Java Production Sharing Agreement (BP 46%). – During 2006, progress continued on the Tangguh LNG project (BP 37.2% and operator). The project development includes offshore platforms, pipelines and an LNG plant with two production trains. First LNG is expected by the end of 2008. Vietnam – BP participates in the country’s largest project with foreign investment, the Nam Con Son gas project. This is an integrated resource and infrastructure project, including offshore gas production, pipeline transportation system and power plant. In 2006, natural gas production was 392mmcf/d gross, an increase of 13% over 2005. This increase was mainly due to higher demand resulting from continuing growth in the economy. Gas sales from Block 6.1 (BP 35% and operator) are made under a long-term agreement for electricity generation in Vietnam, including the Phu My Phase 3 power plant (BP 33.33%). China – The Yacheng offshore gas ﬁeld (BP 34.3%) supplies, under a long-term contract, 100% of the natural gas requirement of Castle Peak Power Company, which provides around 50% of Hong Kong’s electricity. Some natural gas is also piped to Hainan Island, where it is sold to the Fuel and Chemical Company of Hainan, also under a long- term contract. Australia – We are one of six equal partners in the North West Shelf (NWS) venture. Each partner holds a 16.7% interest in the infrastructure and oil reserves and a 15.8% interest in the gas reserves and condensate. The operation covers offshore production platforms, a ﬂoating production and storage vessel, trunklines and onshore gas processing plants. The NWS Venture is currently the principal supplier to the domestic market in Western Australia. During 2006, progress continued on the construction of a ﬁfth LNG train (4.7 million tonnes a year design capacity), with ﬁrst throughput expected in 2008. Russia TNK-BP – TNK-BP, a joint venture between BP (50%) and Alfa Group and Other – In July 2006, BP purchased 9.6% of the shares issued in Rosneft’s IPO for $1 billion. This represents an interest of around 1.4% in Rosneft. Access-Renova (AAR) (50%), is an integrated oil company operating in Russia and the Ukraine. The TNK-BP group’s major assets are held in OAO TNK-BP Holding. Other assets include the BP-branded retail sites in Moscow and the Moscow region, OAO Rusia Petroleum and the OAO Slavneft group. The workforce is about 70,000 people. – BP’s investment in TNK-BP is held by the Exploration and Production business and the results of TNK-BP are accounted for under the equity method in this segment. – TNK-BP has proved reserves of 6.1 billion boe (including its 49.9% equity share of Slavneft), of which 4.8 billion are developed. In 2006, average liquids production was 1.9mmboe/d, a decrease of just over 2% compared with 2005, reﬂecting the disposal of the Urdmurt and Saratov assets in 2006 and 2005. The production base is largely centred in West Siberia (Samotlor, Nyagan and Megion), which contributes about 1.4mmboe/d, together with Volga Urals (Orenburg) contributing some 0.4mmboe/d. About 50% of total oil production is currently exported as crude oil and 20% as reﬁned product. – Downstream, TNK-BP owns ﬁve reﬁneries in Russia and the Ukraine (including Ryazan and Lisichansk), with throughput of 0.6 million barrels a day (28 million tonnes a year). In retail, TNK-BP operates more than 1,600 ﬁlling stations in Russia and the Ukraine, with a share of the Moscow retail market in excess of 20%. – During 2006, four of TNK-BP’s licences were extended by 25 years, including two key licences covering the Samotlor ﬁeld and the Khokhryakovskoye and Permyakovskoye licences. – In October, TNK-BP’s subsidiary Rusia Petroleum received a letter from the Russian authorities alleging a number of violations of the conditions related to a licence covering part of the Kovykta ﬁeld in East Siberia. In February 2007, the status of the licence was reviewed by the authorities, who we anticipate will issue formal ﬁndings shortly. Rusia Petroleum continues to discuss this matter with the authorities in order to address any outstanding concerns. – In November, following a review of the results of an inspection by the licensing authorities, regional prosecutors made a request for revocation of the two licences held by TNK-BP subsidiary Rospan International on grounds of violation of licence conditions and applicable legislation. Following discussion with the licensing authorities, renewal was granted of certain documents associated with the licences for which TNK-BP had previously applied. In addition, Rospan presented a plan to rectify the licence non-compliances, following which the licensing authorities have granted a six-month period to fulﬁl this plan. – On 23 October 2006, TNK-BP received decisions from the Russian tax authorities in relation to the tax audits of certain TNK-BP group companies for the years 2002 and 2003, resulting in a payment by TNK-BP of approximately $1.4 billion in settlement of these claims. At the present time, BP believes that its provisions are adequate for its share of any liabilities arising from these and other outstanding tax decisions not covered by the indemnities provided by our co-venturers in respect of historical tax liabilities related to assets contributed to the joint venture. – In August 2006, TNK-BP completed the sale of its interest in OAO Udmurtneft to Sinopec. – In January 2007, TNK-BP announced the acquisition of Occidental Petroleum’s 50% interest in the West Siberian joint venture, Vanyoganneft, for $485 million. The transaction is expected to close during the ﬁrst quarter of 2007, subject to Russian regulatory approvals. On completion of the purchase, TNK-BP will own 100% of the Vanyoganneft asset. Sakhalin – BP participates in exploration activity through Elvaryneftegas (BP 49%), an equity-accounted joint venture with Rosneft in Sakhalin, where three discoveries have been made. Exploratory drilling continued in 2006 and preliminary work is under way to prepare for development if commercial reserves are discovered. Further drilling is planned during 2007. Other Azerbaijan – BP, as operator of the Azerbaijan International Operating Company (AIOC), manages and has a 34.1% interest in the Azeri-Chirag-Gunashli (ACG) oil ﬁelds in the Caspian Sea, offshore Azerbaijan. Phase 2 of the Azeri project delivered ﬁrst oil from the West Azeri platform to Sangachal terminal on 3 January 2006 and was completed on 21 October 2006 with the delivery of ﬁrst oil from the East Azeri platform to Sangachal, four months ahead of schedule. Phase 3 of the project, which will develop the deepwater Gunashli area of ACG, remains on schedule to begin production in 2008. – Construction and the Stage 1 pre-drill programme of the project to develop the Shah Deniz natural gas ﬁeld (BP 25.5% and operator) were completed in 2006, with ﬁrst gas in December 2006. Middle East and Pakistan – Production in the Middle East consists principally of the production entitlement of associates in Abu Dhabi, where we have equity interests of 9.5% and 14.7% in onshore and offshore concessions respectively. In 2006, production in Abu Dhabi was 164mb/d, up 11% from 2005 as a result of capacity enhancements. – In Pakistan, BP is one of the leading foreign operators, producing 22% of the country’s oil and 6% of its natural gas on a gross basis in 2006. – In July 2006, BP was awarded three offshore blocks in Pakistan’s offshore Indus Delta. The blocks cover an area of approximately 20,000km2 and include the right to operate any commercially viable discoveries. – In January 2007, we were awarded development rights to the Khazzan/ Makarem ﬁelds in Oman. These provide access to a signiﬁcant volume of tight gas resource in place, which we believe can be developed using the same technology as we are currently deploying at our Wamsutter ﬁeld in the US. India – In November 2006, BP signed a PSA with the Indian government to explore for coal bed methane in the Birbhun district of India’s eastern West Bengal state. Midstream activities Oil and natural gas transportation The group has direct or indirect interests in certain crude oil transportation systems, the principal ones being the Trans Alaska Pipeline System (TAPS) in the US and the Forties Pipelines System (FPS) in the UK sector of the North Sea. We also operate the Central Area Transmission System (CATS) for natural gas in the UK sector of the North Sea. BP, as operator, manages and holds a 30.1% interest in the Baku-Tbilisi-Ceyhan (BTC) oil pipeline, which was fully commissioned in July 2006. BP, as operator of AIOC, also operates the Western Export Route Pipeline between Azerbaijan and the Black Sea coast of Georgia and the Azeri leg of the Northern Export Route Pipeline between Azerbaijan and Russia. Our onshore US crude oil and product pipelines and related transportation assets are included under Reﬁning and Marketing (see page 27). Revenue is earned on pipelines through charging tariffs. Our gas marketing business is included in our Gas, Power and Renewables segment (see page 35). Activity in oil and natural gas transportation during 2006 included: Alaska – BP owns a 46.9% interest in TAPS, with the balance owned by four other companies. Production transported by TAPS from Alaska North Slope ﬁelds averaged 748mb/d during 2006. – The use of US-built and US-ﬂagged ships is required when transporting Alaskan oil to markets in the US. In September 2006, BP completed the replacement of its US-ﬂagged ﬂeet with the delivery of its fourth ship, the Alaska Legend. BP had contracted for the delivery of four 1.3 million-barrel-capacity double-hulled tankers for use in transporting BP Annual Report and Accounts 2006 25 North Slope oil to West Coast reﬁneries. BP took delivery of the ﬁrst three tankers between August 2004 and November 2005. As existing ships were retired, the replacements were constructed in accordance with the Oil Pollution Act of 1990. For discussion of the Oil Pollution Act of 1990, see Environmental Protection – Maritime oil spill regulations on page 44. – Work progressed during 2006 on the strategic reconﬁguration project to upgrade and automate four pump stations. This project will install electrically driven pumps at four critical pump stations, combined with increased automation and upgraded control systems. Start-up of the ﬁrst pump station is expected to occur in the ﬁrst quarter of 2007, with the second expected to be online by the end of 2007. The remaining two reconﬁgured pump stations are expected to come online sequentially after 2007. – There are a number of unresolved protests regarding intrastate tariffs charged for shipping oil through TAPS. These protests were ﬁled between 1986 and 2003 with the Regulatory Commission of Alaska (RCA). These matters are proceeding through the Alaska judicial and regulatory systems. Pending the resolution of these matters, the RCA has imposed intrastate rates effective 1 July 2003 that are consistent with its 2002 Order requiring refunds to be made to TAPS shippers of intrastate crude oil. – Tariffs for interstate and intrastate transportation on TAPS are calculated utilizing the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC) endorsed TAPS Settlement Methodology (TSM) entered into with the State of Alaska in 1985. In February 2006, FERC combined and consolidated all 2005 and 2006 rate complaints ﬁled by the State, Anadarko, Tesoro and Tesoro Alaska. The complaints were ﬁled on a variety of grounds. We are conﬁdent that the rates are in accordance with the TSM and are continuing to evaluate the disputes. BP will continue to collect its TSM-based interstate tariffs; however, our tariffs are subject to refund depending on the outcome of the challenges. Interstate transport makes up roughly 93% of total TAPS throughput. North Sea – FPS (BP 100%) is an integrated oil and NGLs transportation and processing system that handles production from more than 50 ﬁelds in the Central North Sea. The system has a capacity of more than 1mmb/d, with average throughput in 2006 at 545mb/d. In January 2007, FPS completed the tying in of the Buzzard ﬁeld, which is expected to be a signiﬁcant user of FPS capacity. – BP operates and has a 29.5% interest in CATS, a 400-kilometre natural gas pipeline system in the central UK sector of the North Sea. The pipeline has a transportation capacity of 1.7bcf/d to a natural gas terminal at Teesside in north-east England. CATS offers natural gas transportation and processing services. In 2006, throughput was 1.1bcf/d (gross), 326mmcf/d (net). – In addition, BP operates the Dimlington/Easington gas processing terminal (BP 100%) on Humberside and the Sullom Voe oil and gas terminal in the Shetlands. Asia (including the former Soviet Union) – BP, as operator, manages and holds a 30.1% interest in the BTC oil pipeline. The 1,768-kilometre pipeline is expected to carry 750,000 barrels of oil a day by the end of 2007 from the BP-operated ACG oil ﬁeld in the Caspian Sea to the eastern Mediterranean port of Ceyhan. Loading of the ﬁrst tanker at Ceyhan occurred in June 2006 and the ofﬁcial inauguration of the Turkish section of the BTC oil export pipeline, the new Ceyhan marine export terminal and the full BTC pipeline export system was held on 13 July 2006. – The South Caucasus Pipeline for the transport of gas from Shah Deniz in Azerbaijan to the Turkish border was ready for operation in November 2006. BP is the operator and holds a 25.5% interest. – Through the LukArco joint venture, BP holds a 5.75% interest (with a 25% funding obligation) in the Caspian Pipeline Consortium (CPC) pipeline. CPC is a 1,510-kilometre pipeline from Kazakhstan to the Russian port of Novorossiysk and carries crude oil from the Tengiz ﬁeld (BP 2.3%). In addition to our interest in LukArco, we hold a separate 0.87% interest (3.5% funding obligation) in CPC through a 49% holding in Kazakhstan Pipeline Ventures. In 2006, CPC total throughput reached 31.2 million tonnes. During 2006, negotiations continued between the CPC shareholders towards the approval of an expansion plan. The expansion would require the construction of 10 additional pump stations, additional storage facilities and a third offshore mooring point. Liqueﬁed natural gas Within BP, Exploration and Production is responsible for the supply of LNG and the Gas, Power and Renewables business is responsible for the subsequent marketing and distribution of LNG. (See details under Gas, Power and Renewables – Liqueﬁed natural gas on page 36). BP’s Exploration and Production segment has interests in four major LNG plants: the Atlantic LNG plant in Trinidad (BP 34% in Train 1, 42.5% in each of Trains 2 and 3 and 37.8% in Train 4); in Indonesia, through our interests in the Sanga-Sanga PSA (BP 38%), which supplies natural gas to the Bontang LNG plant, and Tangguh (PSA, BP 37.2%), which is under construction; and in Australia through our share of LNG from the NWS natural gas development (BP 16.7% infrastructure and oil reserves/15.8% gas and condensate reserves). Assets and activities: – We have a 10% equity shareholding in the Abu Dhabi Gas Liquefaction Company, which in 2006 supplied 5.6 million tonnes (290bcf) of LNG, up 3.6% on 2005. – In Australia, we are one of six equal partners in the NWS Venture. Each partner holds a 16.7% interest in the infrastructure and oil reserves and a 15.8% interest in the gas reserves and condensate. The joint venture operation covers offshore production platforms, a ﬂoating production and storage vessel, trunklines, onshore gas processing plants and LNG carriers. Construction continued during 2006 on a ﬁfth LNG train that is expected to process 4.7 million tonnes of LNG a year and will increase the plant’s capacity to 16.6 million tonnes a year. The train is expected to be commissioned during the second half of 2008. NWS produced 12.0 million tonnes (544bcf) of LNG, an increase of 2% on 2005. – In Indonesia, BP is involved in two of the three LNG centres in the country. BP participates in Indonesia’s LNG exports through its holdings in the Sanga-Sanga PSA (BP 38%). Sanga-Sanga currently delivers around 15.5% of the total gas feed to Bontang, one of the world’s largest LNG plants. The Bontang plant produced 19.5 million tonnes (886bcf) of LNG in 2006, compared with 19.4 million tonnes in 2005. – Also in Indonesia, BP has interests in the Tangguh LNG joint venture (BP 37.2% and operator) and in each of the Wiriagar (BP 38% and operator), Berau (BP 48% and operator) and Muturi (BP 1%) PSAs in north-west Papua that are expected to supply feed gas to the Tangguh LNG plant. During 2006, construction continued on two trains, with start-up planned late in 2008. Tangguh is expected to be the third LNG centre in Indonesia, with an initial capacity of 7.6 million tonnes (388bcf) a year. Tangguh has signed sales contracts for delivery to China, Korea and North America’s West Coast. – In Trinidad, construction of the Atlantic LNG Train 4 (BP 37.8%) was completed in December 2005, with the ﬁrst LNG cargo delivered in January 2006. Train 4 is now the largest producing LNG train in the world and is designed to produce 5.2 million tonnes (253bcf) a year of LNG. BP expects to supply at least two-thirds of the gas to the train. The facilities will be operated under a tolling arrangement, with the equity owners retaining ownership of their respective gas. The LNG is expected to be sold in the US, Dominican Republic and other destinations. BP’s net share of the capacity of Atlantic LNG Trains 1, 2, 3 and 4 is 6.5 million tonnes (305bcf) of LNG a year. 26 Reﬁning and Marketing Our Reﬁning and Marketing business is responsible for the supply and trading, reﬁning, marketing and transportation of crude oil, petroleum and chemicals products to wholesale and retail customers. BP markets its products in more than 100 countries. We operate primarily in Europe and North America but also market our products across Australasia and in parts of Asia, Africa and Central and South America. Key statistics ----- -------- -------- --------- -------- -------- --------- -------- -------- -- ------ -------- --------- -------- -------- --------- ------ -- -------- --------- 2006 2005a $ million 2004a ----- -------- -------- --------- -------- -------- --------- -------- -------- -- ------ -------- --------- -------- -------- --------- ------ -- -------- --------- Sales and other operating revenues for continuing operations 232,855 213,326 170,639 Proﬁt before interest and tax from continuing operations Total assets Capital expenditure and acquisitions 5,041 80,964 3,144 6,926 77,485 2,860 6,506 73,582 2,989 ----- -------- -------- --------- -------- -------- --------- -------- -------- -- ------ -------- --------- -------- -------- --------- ------ -- -------- --------- Global Indicator Reﬁning Marginb 8.39 8.60 6.31 $ per barrel Profit before interest and tax from continuing operations includes profit after interest and tax of equity-accounted entities. a With effect from 1 January 2006, the following assets were transferred to or from the Refining and Marketing segment: – Three equity-accounted entities were transferred from Other businesses and corporate following the sale of Innovene; – The South Houston Green Power co-generation facility (in the Texas City refinery) and the Watson co-generation facility (in the Carson refinery) were transferred to Gas, Power and Renewables as a result of the formation of BP Alternative Energy; and – Hydrogen for Transport activities were transferred from Gas, Power and Renewables. The 2005 and 2004 data above has been restated to reflect these transfers. b The Global Indicator Refining Margin (GIM) is the average of regional industry indicator margins, which we weight for BP’s crude refining capacity in each region. Each regional indicator margin is based on a single representative crude with product yields characteristic of the typical level of upgrading complexity. The refining margins are industry-specific rather than BP-specific measures, which we believe are useful to investors in analysing trends in the industry and their impact on our results. The margins are calculated by BP based on published crude oil and product prices and take account of fuel utilization and catalyst costs. No account is taken of BP’s other cash and non-cash costs of refining, such as wages and salaries and plant depreciation. The indicator margin may not be representative of the margins achieved by BP in any period because of BP’s particular refining configurations and crude and product slate. The changes in sales and other operating revenues are explained in more detail below. ----- -------- -------- --------- -------- -------- --------- -------- -------- -- ------ -------- --------- -------- -------- --------- ------ -- -------- --------- $ million ----- -------- -------- --------- -------- -------- --------- -------- -------- -- ------ -------- --------- -------- -------- --------- ------ -- -------- --------- 2006 2005 2004 Sale of crude oil through spot and term contracts 38,577 36,992 21,989 Marketing, spot and term sales of reﬁned products 177,995 155,098 124,458 Other sales including non-oil and to other segments ----- -------- -------- --------- -------- -------- --------- -------- -------- -- ------ -------- --------- -------- -------- --------- ------ -- -------- --------- 16,283 232,855 21,236 213,326 24,192 170,639 ----- -------- -------- --------- -------- -------- --------- -------- -------- -- ------ -------- --------- -------- -------- --------- ------ -- -------- --------- Sale of crude oil through spot and mb/d term contracts Marketing, spot and term sales of reﬁned products 2,110 2,464 2,312 5,801 5,888 6,398 portfolio will be upgraded further through the construction of a new coker at the Castello´ n reﬁnery, an increase in the Whiting reﬁnery’s ability to process Canadian heavy crude, upgrades to diesel and gasoline desulphurization capability at the Nerefco reﬁnery in the Netherlands, completion of a major upgrade to the oleﬁn cracker at the Gelsenkirchen reﬁnery in Germany and the site reconﬁguration and installation of a new hydrocracker at the Bayernoil reﬁnery, also in Germany. In addition, the portfolio will be improved through upgrades implemented during the recommissioning of the Texas City reﬁnery in the US. Our marketing businesses, underpinned by world-class manufacturing such as our Aromatics and Acetyls portfolio, generate customer value by providing quality products and offers. Our retail strategy provides differentiated fuel and convenience offers to some of the most attractive markets. Our lubricants brands offer customers beneﬁts through technology and relationships and we focus on increasing brand and product loyalty in Castrol lubricants. We continue to build deep customer relationships and strategic partnerships in the business-to- business sector. Reﬁning and Marketing manages a portfolio of assets that we believe are competitively advantaged across the chain of downstream activities. Such advantage derives from several factors, including location (such as the proximity of manufacturing assets to markets), operating cost and physical asset quality. We are one of the major reﬁners of gasoline and hydrocarbon products in the US, Europe and Australia. We have signiﬁcant retail and business- to-business market positions in the US, UK, Germany and the rest of Europe, Australasia, Africa and Asia. We are enhancing our presence in China and exploring opportunities in India. Reﬁning and Marketing also includes the Aromatics and Acetyls business, which maintains manufacturing positions globally, with an emphasis on Asia growth, particularly in China. During 2006, signiﬁcant events were: – BP announced that it had entered the ﬁnal planning stage of a $3-billion investment in Canadian heavy crude oil processing capability at its Whiting, US, reﬁnery. This project is expected to reposition Whiting competitively as a top-tier reﬁnery by increasing its Canadian heavy crude processing capability by 260,000 barrels per day and modernizing it with equipment of signiﬁcant size and scale. Reconﬁguring the reﬁnery also has the potential to increase its production of motor fuels by about 15%, which is about 1.7 million additional gallons of gasoline and diesel per day. Construction is tentatively scheduled to begin in 2007, pending regulatory approval. – BP also announced plans to invest $500 million over the next 10 years to establish a dedicated bioscience research laboratory. The BP Energy Biosciences Institute (EBI) is planned to be the ﬁrst of its kind in the world and to be attached to a major academic centre. On 1 February 2007, BP announced that it had selected the University of California, Berkeley, and its partners the University of Illinois at Urbana– Champaign and the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory for the research programme. Further, BP and DuPont announced the creation of a partnership to develop, produce and market a next generation of biofuels. The companies’ joint strategy is to deliver advantaged biofuels that will provide improved options for expanding energy supplies and accelerate the move to renewable transportation fuels that lower overall greenhouse gas emissions. The ﬁrst product to market is expected to be biobutanol, an improved biocomponent for gasoline. Initial introduction activities are currently targeted on the UK market. – In 2006, plans for a second puriﬁed terephthalic acid (PTA) plant at the BP Zhuhai Chemical Company Limited site in Guangdong province, China, were approved by the Chinese government and the plant is expected to come on stream at the end of 2007. The Reﬁning and Marketing segment includes a portfolio of businesses, – BP continues to develop its retailing business in both new markets namely Reﬁning, Retail, Lubricants, Business-to-Business Marketing and Aromatics and Acetyls. Our strategy is to continue our focused investment in key assets and market positions. We aim to improve the quality and capability of our manufacturing portfolio. Over the past ﬁve years, this has been taking place through upgrades of existing conversion units at several of our facilities and investment in new clean fuels units at the Castello´ n reﬁnery in Spain, the Kwinana reﬁnery in Australia and all our US reﬁneries (excluding the Carson reﬁnery, which was already producing a full slate of clean fuels). Over the next ﬁve years, our reﬁning and new business models. In 2006, developments included: r The roll-out of the BP Connect Wild Bean Cafe´ brands to its dealer network in a franchise agreement. We are expecting to develop a network of 150 Connect franchise sites along with a further 100 company-owned Connect sites in the UK by the end of 2010. r The successful piloting of a Marks & Spencer store partnership in the UK, with the intention of rolling this out to a further 200 stores in 2007. BP Annual Report and Accounts 2006 27 r In a study by Corporate Research International, US consumers ranked BP’s convenience chain in the US as the best for customer service. – BP completed the disposal of its shareholding in Zhenhai Reﬁning and Chemicals Company to Sinopec, sold its shareholding in Eiffage, the French-based construction company, and completed the disposal of its network of 70 retail sites in the Czech Republic. – BP also announced its intention to sell the Coryton reﬁnery in the UK, which processes 172,000 barrels of crude oil per day. On 1 February 2007, we announced that the sale of the reﬁnery to Petroplus Holdings AG had been agreed, subject to required regulatory approvals. The sale includes the adjacent bulk terminal and BP’s UK bitumen business which is closely integrated with the reﬁnery. Completion of the sale is expected in mid-2007. Texas city reﬁnery Summary Throughout 2006, BP continued to respond to the 23 March 2005 incident at its Texas City reﬁnery. BP addressed a number of the factors that contributed to the incident, including the announcement of a new policy for the siting of occupied portable buildings and the removal from service at Texas City of all blow-down stacks handling heavier-than-air light hydrocarbons. BP also implemented a number of actions relating to safety and operations, not only at US reﬁneries but also at other facilities worldwide. These actions include a decision to increase spending to an average of $1.7 billion a year over the next four years to improve the integrity and reliability of US reﬁning assets, the formation of a safety and operations function to focus on operations and process safety across the group, the appointment of a new chairman and president of BP America Inc. and the creation of an advisory board to assist BP America Inc.’s management in monitoring and assessing BP’s US operations (see Action on process safety across BP on page 40). Also in 2006, BP settled a large number of civil suits arising from the Texas City incident. BP established a $1.625 billion provision related to the incident and reached settlements with all the relatives of those who were killed and with hundreds of other persons who ﬁled injury claims. Trials have been scheduled for a number of unresolved claims in mid-2007, although to date all claims scheduled for trial have been resolved in advance of trial. In 2006, BP continued its co-operation with the governmental entities investigating the incident, including the US Department of Justice (DOJ), the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), the US Occupational Safety & Health Administration (OSHA), the US Chemical Safety and Hazard Investigation Board (CSB) and the Texas Commission on Environmental Quality (TCEQ). During 2006, BP also devoted signiﬁcant time and effort to co-operate with the BP US Reﬁneries Independent Safety Review Panel (the panel), which it chartered in 2005 on the recommendation of the CSB, to assess the effectiveness of corporate oversight of safety management systems at BP’s US reﬁneries and the corporate safety culture. The panel published its report in January 2007 and BP has committed to implement its recommendations (see Report of the BP US Reﬁneries Independent Safety Review Panel on page 29). Background The March 2005 explosion and ﬁre at BP Products North America Inc.’s Texas City reﬁnery occurred in the isomerization unit of the reﬁnery as the unit was starting up after routine planned maintenance. The incident claimed the lives of 15 workers and injured many others. An internal BP incident investigation determined that the rafﬁnate splitter at the isomerization unit was overﬁlled and overheated, causing the relief valves to open into the blow-down system and resulting in an overﬂow of liquid hydrocarbon from the blow-down stack. The resulting vapour cloud was ignited by a source that has not been deﬁnitively identiﬁed. BP’s incident investigation team found that the critical factors leading to the incident included over-pressurization of the rafﬁnate splitter, resulting in loss of containment, the failure to follow procedures during the start-up, the placement of temporary trailers too close to the blow-down stack and the design and operation of the blow-down stack. The investigation team issued a comprehensive ﬁnal report, which is available in full on the BP internet site, www.bpresponse.org. The ﬁnal report identiﬁed a number 28 of underlying causes related to the working environment, process safety and other management and operational behaviours and processes at the Texas City reﬁnery. The investigation team recommended numerous changes relating to people, procedures, control of work and trailer siting, design and engineering, underlying systems and investigation and reporting of incidents. The Texas City reﬁnery established a programme ofﬁce to implement the recommendations from this report and to address other projects needed to enhance the safety and performance of the reﬁnery. In addition, in the immediate wake of the incident, a new Texas City site manager was appointed in May 2005. That manager has been succeeded by a permanent replacement, whose tenure at the reﬁnery began in the ﬁrst quarter of 2007. Steps were taken following the incident to strengthen the leadership team, clarify responsibilities and introduce systems to improve communication and compliance. All occupied trailers have been removed from speciﬁed areas, an enhanced training programme is under way and the site has committed to restarting process units without any blow-down stacks in heavier-than-air light hydrocarbons. The incident prompted a number of investigations by other state and federal agencies. The TCEQ and OSHA investigations of the incident resulted in settlement agreements between BP and the agencies. In the third quarter of 2005, BP reached a settlement with OSHA that resulted in the payment of a $21.4 million penalty, an agreement to correct all alleged safety violations and the retention of experts to assess the reﬁnery’s organization and process safety systems. In the second quarter of 2006, BP settled with the TCEQ, resolving 27 alleged violations by paying a $0.3 million ﬁne and agreeing, among other things, to upgrade its ﬂare system. In August 2005, the CSB issued an urgent recommendation to BP to establish an independent panel to assess and make recommendations regarding BP’s corporate oversight of safety management systems at its ﬁve US reﬁneries and its corporate safety culture. BP established the panel in October 2005, chaired by former US Secretary of State James A Baker, III, and co-operated fully with the panel. In order to make a thorough and credible assessment, the panel visited all BP’s US reﬁneries, commissioned independent process safety audits, interviewed staff at all levels, including operators and reﬁnery managers and leadership teams, conducted an extensive process safety cultural survey and reviewed tens of thousands of documents. BP expects the CSB to issue its ﬁnal report in March 2007, supplementing two interim reports of ﬁndings. At a news conference on 31 October 2006, the CSB issued an update on the status of its own 20-month investigation into the causes of the incident and also issued recommendations to the American Petroleum Institute (API) to amend its guidance relating to atmospheric relief systems and to OSHA to establish a national emphasis programme promoting the elimination of unsafe systems in favour of safer alternatives. The DOJ is investigating whether the Texas City incident involved any criminal conduct. The DOJ has issued Grand Jury subpoenas for documents and testimony. The investigation, with which BP is co-operating, is ongoing. The reﬁnery was entirely shut down in September 2005 in anticipation of Hurricane Rita. The hurricane caused the loss of steam and power to the reﬁnery and these services were not fully restored until December 2005. The site-wide shut-down of the Texas City reﬁnery also affected the Aromatics and Acetyls business, which has a co-located manufacturing capacity of paraxylene (PX) and metaxylene. The PX unit resumed production in March and the metaxylene unit resumed in April 2006. The remaining PX capacity at Texas City has been restarted in line with the ongoing phased recommissioning of the reﬁning units. Throughout the period from September 2005 to the end of the ﬁrst quarter of 2006, BP worked to understand the extent of the damage the hurricane and loss of power had caused and put into place detailed plans to effect repair and safe restart of the process units. This was a considerable task, involving the entire workforce at the site plus signiﬁcant external engineering resources. At the end of the ﬁrst quarter of 2006, the reﬁnery restarted production and reached an average throughput of 248,000 barrels per day in the fourth quarter of 2006. The site started up smoothly and safely and is producing gasoline, diesel and chemicals products for the US market. In parallel, reﬁnery personnel have continued to work to effect the repair and the safe restart of the remaining process units. Additional processing facilities were commissioned in the second and third quarters of 2006. Additional conversion capacity is expected to be brought online in 2007. BP’s plan is to bring additional sour crude processing facilities back on-stream in the second half of 2007; these facilities will allow the processing of additional high-sulphur crude. We expect crude throughputs to be approximately 400,000 barrels per day by the end of 2007. The following milestones have been achieved in returning the reﬁnery to operation with sequenced reconditioning of a multitude of units: – Major site commissioning involving more than 15 million worker hours to date. – Refurbishment and safe start-up of 27-mile steam system. – Extensive mechanical renovation and the installation of a new ﬂare system. – Creation of a new command centre with interactive audio/visual links to the units, manned 24 hours a day during unit start-up. – Implementation of a holistic commissioning plan deﬁning behaviours and accountabilities to deliver safe and successful start-up. – Implementation of a comprehensive systems training programme, coupled with safety accountability roll-out plans. Several other improvements are either complete or under way: – A new ofﬁce building for more than 400 Texas City workers was opened to relocate workers who can work outside our plant fence line. – A new ﬂue gas scrubber is being added to the FCC unit. This $80-million investment will reduce emissions of sulphur and nitrogen oxide from the reﬁnery. – A new Employee Services Building (ESB) is under construction. The ESB will include facilities for learning and development and operations training departments, including unit training simulators and nine training rooms, the medical department, some of the site’s security team, the Incident Management Team and site union ofﬁcial ofﬁces. Construction has started on a new 250 megawatt (MW) steam turbine power generating plant that will reduce emissions and improve both energy and operational efﬁciency. The $100-million unit will be located next to the existing South Houston Green Power LP co-generation facility and is expected to boost the total electricity generating capacity located at the Texas City reﬁnery site to 1,000MW. Report of the BP US Reﬁneries Independent Safety Review Panel On 16 January 2007, having completed its review, the panel issued its report. The report identiﬁed deﬁciencies in process safety performance at BP’s US reﬁneries and called on BP to give process safety the same priority that it had historically given to personal safety and environmental performance. In making its ﬁndings and recommendations, the panel stated its objective was excellence in process safety performance, not simply legal compliance. The panel speciﬁcally noted that, ‘during the course of its review, it saw no information to suggest that anyone – from BP’s board members to its hourly workers – acted in anything other than good faith.’ The panel made 10 recommendations relating to: process safety leadership; integrated and comprehensive process safety management system; process safety knowledge and expertise; process safety culture; clearly deﬁned expectations and accountability for process safety; support for line management; leading and lagging performance indicators for process safety; process safety auditing; board monitoring; and industry leader. The panel’s report in its entirety can be found at www.bp.com/ bakerpanelreport. The panel acknowledged the measures BP had taken since the Texas City incident, including dedicating signiﬁcant resources and personnel intended to improve the process safety performance at BP’s US reﬁneries. BP has committed to implement the panel’s recommendations and will consult with the panel on how best to do this across the US reﬁneries and to apply the lessons learned elsewhere in its global operations. Other reﬁnery investigations As a result of its investigation of the Texas City reﬁnery, OSHA conducted an inspection of BP Products North America Inc.’s Toledo reﬁnery, beginning in October 2005. On 24 April 2006, OSHA issued citations with a total penalty of $2.4 million, alleging 39 separate violations of two different OSHA standards. BP and OSHA have reached a settlement in principle and are working towards ﬁnalizing the documentation. On 15 November 2006, the Indiana Occupational Safety and Health Administration (IOSHA) issued the Whiting reﬁnery with three Safety Orders and Notiﬁcations of Penalty alleging 14 separate violations of the OSHA regulations. The total proposed penalty was $0.4 million. On 7 December 2006, BP and IOSHA met to discuss resolution of the matter. Discussions to reach a settlement agreement are ongoing. Reﬁning The company’s global reﬁning strategy is to own and operate strategically advantaged reﬁneries that beneﬁt from vertical integration with our marketing and trading operations, as well as horizontal integration with other parts of the group’s business. Reﬁning’s focus is to maintain and improve its competitive position through sustainable, safe, reliable and efﬁcient operations of the reﬁning system and disciplined investment for growth. For BP, the strategic advantage of a reﬁnery relates to its location, scale and conﬁguration to produce fuels from low-cost feedstocks in line with the demand of the region. Efﬁcient operations are measured primarily using regional reﬁning surveys conducted by third parties. The surveys assess our competitive position against benchmarked industry measures for margin, energy efﬁciency and costs per barrel. Investments in our reﬁneries are focused on maintaining and improving our competitive position and developing the capability to produce the cleaner fuels that meet the requirements of our customers and their communities. BP Annual Report and Accounts 2006 29 The following table summarizes the BP group’s interests in reﬁneries and crude distillation capacities at 31 December 2006. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ mb/d Crude distillation capacitiesa BP share Total Group interestb % 100.0% UK Total UK Rest of Europe Germanyd Netherlands Spain Total Rest of Europe USA California Washington Indiana Ohio Texas Total USA Rest of World Australia New Zealand Kenya South Africa Total Rest of World Total Reﬁnery Coryton*c Bayernoil Gelsenkirchen* Karlsruhe Lingen* Schwedt Nerefco* Castello´ n* Carson* Cherry Point* Whiting* Toledo* Texas City* Bulwer* Kwinana* Whangerei Mombasa Durban 22.5% 50.0% 12.0% 100.0% 18.8% 69.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 23.7% 17.1% 50.0% 172 172 272 268 302 91 226 400 110 1,669 265 232 405 155 475 1,532 101 137 101 94 182 615 3,988 172 172 61 134 36 91 42 276 110 750 265 232 405 155 475 1,532 101 137 24 16 91 369 2,823 2006 165 648 1,110 275 2,198 2,823 76% 70% 87% 78% thousand barrels per day 2005 180 667 1,255 297 2,399 2004 208 684 1,373 342 2,607 2,832 87% 82% 90% 88% 2,823 93% 95% 90% 87% ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ * Indicates refineries operated by BP. a Crude distillation capacity is gross rated capacity, which is defined as the maximum achievable utilization of capacity (24-hour assessment) based on standard feed. b BP share of equity, which is not necessarily the same as BP share of processing entitlements. c BP has announced the sale of its Coryton refinery, subject to required regulatory approvals. d BP’s share of the Reichstett refinery in Germany was sold in December 2006. The following table outlines by region the volume of crude oil and feedstock processed by BP for its own account and for third parties. Corresponding BP reﬁnery capacity utilization data is summarized. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Reﬁnery throughputsa UK Rest of Europe USA Rest of World Total Reﬁnery capacity utilization Crude distillation capacity at 31 Decemberb Crude distillation capacity utilizationc USA Europe Rest of World a Refinery throughputs reflect crude and other feedstock volumes. b Crude distillation capacity is gross rated capacity, which is defined as the maximum achievable utilization of capacity (24-hour assessment) based on standard feed. c Crude distillation capacity utilization is defined as the percentage utilization of capacity per calendar day over the year after making allowances for average annual shutdowns at BP refineries (i.e. net rated capacity). BP’s 2006 reﬁnery throughput declined as a result of increased turnaround activity during the year. In the US, the year-on-year decline was as a result of the full shutdown of the Texas City reﬁnery in September 2005 and the subsequent maintenance programme that led to a partial and phased start-up during 2006. 30 Sales of reﬁned productsa Marketing sales UKb Rest of Europe USA Rest of World Total marketing salesc Trading/supply salesd Total reﬁned products Marketing Marketing comprises four business areas: Retail, Lubricants, Business- to-Business Marketing and Aromatics and Acetyls. We market a comprehensive range of reﬁned products, including gasoline, gasoil, marine and aviation fuels, heating fuels, LPG, lubricants and bitumen. We also manufacture and market puriﬁed terephthalic acid, paraxylene and acetic acid through our Aromatics and Acetyls business. ----- -------- -------- --------- -------- -------- --------- -------- -------- -- ------ -------- --------- -------- -------- --------- ------ -- -------- --------- thousand barrels per day 2006 2005 2004 ----- -------- -------- --------- -------- -------- --------- -------- -------- -- ------ -------- --------- -------- -------- --------- ------ -- -------- --------- Each of these brands carries a very strong offer and we also aim to share best practices between them. Since 2003, we upgraded our fuel offer with the introduction of Ultimate gasoline and diesel products. In 2006, we launched Utimate in South Africa and Russia and now market Ultimate in 15 countries. We continue to focus on operational efﬁciencies through targeted portfolio upgrades to drive increases in our fuel throughput per site and our store sales per square metre. In 2006, across the network, same- store sales growth at 4% exceeded estimated market growth of 2%. --------- -------- -------- --------- -------- -------- --------- -------- ------ -- -------- --------- -------- -------- --------- -------- -- ------ --------- ---- --------- -------- -------- --------- -------- -------- --------- -------- ------ -- -------- --------- -------- -------- --------- -------- -- ------ --------- ---- 2006 647 2,821 1,755 591 5,814 2,528 3,286 – 5,814 2005 628 3,069 1,776 610 6,083 2,489 3,533 61 6,083 $ million 2004 655 3,090 1,715 601 6,061 2,319 3,623 119 6,061 356 1,340 1,595 581 3,872 1,929 5,801 355 1,354 1,634 599 3,942 1,946 5,888 322 1,360 1,682 638 4,002 2,396 6,398 $ million Store salesa UK Rest of Europe USA Rest of World Total Direct-managed Franchise Store alliances Total ----- -------- -------- --------- -------- -------- --------- -------- -------- -- ------ -------- --------- -------- -------- --------- ------ -- -------- --------- ----- -------- -------- --------- -------- -------- --------- -------- -------- -- ------ -------- --------- -------- -------- --------- ------ -- -------- --------- --------- -------- -------- --------- -------- -------- --------- -------- ------ -- -------- --------- -------- -------- --------- -------- -- ------ --------- ---- ----- -------- -------- --------- -------- -------- --------- -------- -------- -- ------ -------- --------- -------- -------- --------- ------ -- -------- --------- Proceeds from sale of reﬁned products 177,995 155,098 124,458 a Excludes sales to other BP businesses and the sale of Aromatics and Acetyls products. b UK area includes the UK-based international activities of Refining and Marketing. c Marketing sales are sales to service stations, end-consumers, bulk buyers and jobbers (i.e. third parties who own networks of a number of service stations and small resellers). d Trading/supply sales are sales to large unbranded resellers and other oil companies. The following table sets out marketing sales by major product group. --------- -------- -------- --------- -------- -------- --------- -------- ------ -- -------- --------- -------- -------- --------- -------- -- ------ --------- ---- a Store sales reported are sales through direct-managed stations, franchisees and the BP share of store alliances and joint ventures. Sales figures exclude sales taxes and lottery sales but include quick-service restaurant sales. Fuel sales are not included in these figures. Not all retail sites include a BP convenience store. Our retail network is largely concentrated in Europe and the US, with established operations in Australasia and southern and eastern Africa. We are developing networks in China with joint venture partners. ----- -------- -------- --------- -------- -------- --------- -------- -------- -- ------ -------- --------- -------- -------- --------- ------ -- -------- --------- --------- -------- -------- --------- -------- -------- --------- -------- ------ -- -------- --------- -------- -------- --------- -------- -- ------ --------- ---- ----- -------- -------- --------- -------- -------- --------- -------- -------- -- ------ -------- --------- -------- -------- --------- ------ -- -------- --------- --------- -------- -------- --------- -------- -------- --------- -------- ------ -- -------- --------- -------- -------- --------- -------- -- ------ --------- ---- Marketing sales by reﬁned product Aviation fuel Gasolines Middle distillates Fuel oil Other products Total marketing sales 2006 488 1,603 1,170 388 223 3,872 thousand barrels per day 2005 499 1,603 1,185 379 276 3,942 2004 494 1,675 1,255 343 235 4,002 Retail sitesa UK Rest of Europe USA (excluding jobbers) USA jobbers Rest of World Total Number of retail sites 2006 1,300 7,700 2,700 9,600 3,300 24,600 2005 1,300 7,900 3,100 9,700 3,200 25,200 2004 1,300 8,000 3,900 10,300 3,300 26,800 ----- -------- -------- --------- -------- -------- --------- -------- -------- -- ------ -------- --------- -------- -------- --------- ------ -- -------- --------- --------- -------- -------- --------- -------- -------- --------- -------- ------ -- -------- --------- -------- -------- --------- -------- -- ------ --------- ---- Our aim is to increase total margin by focusing on both volumes and margin per unit. We do this by growing our customer base, both in existing and new markets, by attracting new customers and by covering a wider geographic area. We also work to improve the efﬁciency of our operations through upgrading our transactional and operational processes, reducing costs and improving our product mix. In addition, we recognize that our customers are demanding a wider choice of fuels, particularly fuels that are cleaner and more efﬁcient. Through our integrated reﬁning and marketing operations, we believe we are better able to meet these customer demands. Marketing sales of reﬁned products were 3,872mb/d in 2006, compared with 3,942mb/d in the previous year. The decrease was due mainly to the effects of the high price environment in certain retail markets and of BP reducing volumes in less proﬁtable business-to- business markets. BP enjoys a strong market share and leading technologies in the Aromatics and Acetyls business. In Asia, we continue to develop a strong position in PTA and acetic acid. Our investment is biased towards this high-growth region, especially China. Retail Our retail strategy focuses on investment in high-growth metropolitan markets and the upgrading of our retail offers, while driving operational efﬁciencies through portfolio optimization. There are two components of our retail offer: convenience and fuels. The convenience offer comprises sales of convenience items to customers from advantaged locations in metropolitan areas, while our fuels offer is deployed at locations in all our markets, in many cases without the convenience offer. We execute our convenience offer through a quality store format in each of our key markets, whether it is the BP Connect offer in Europe and the eastern US, the am/pm offer west of the Rocky Mountains in the US or the Aral offer in Germany. a Retail sites includes all sites operated under a BP brand. At 31 December 2006, BP’s worldwide network consisted of more than 24,000 locations branded BP, Amoco, ARCO and Aral, compared with approximately 25,000 in the previous year. We continue to improve the efﬁciency of our retail asset network and increase the consistency of our site offer through a process of regular review. In 2006, we sold 513 company-owned sites to dealers and jobbers who continue to operate these sites under the BP brand. We also divested an additional 301 company-owned sites (including all company-owned sites in the Czech Republic) to third parties. In 2006, we continued the rollout of the BP Connect offer at sites in the UK and US, consistent with our retail strategy of building on our advantaged locations, strong market positions and brand. The BP Connect sites include a distinctive food offer, large convenience store and cleaner fuels. The BP Connect sites include both those that are new and those where extensive upgrading and remodelling have taken place. At 31 December 2006, more than 760 BP Connect stations were open worldwide. Through regular review and execution of business opportunities, we continue to concentrate our ownership of real estate in markets designated for development of the convenience offer. At 31 December 2006, BP’s retail network in the US comprised approximately 12,300 sites, of which approximately 9,600 were owned by jobbers. BP’s network comprised about 9,000 sites in the UK and the Rest of Europe and 3,300 sites in the Rest of World. The joint venture between BP and PetroChina (BP-PetroChina Petroleum Company Ltd) started operation in 2004. Located in Guangdong, one of the most developed provinces in China, 387 sites were operational at 31 December 2006. The joint venture plans to operate and manage a total network of 500 locations in the province. A joint venture with Sinopec, approved in the fourth quarter of 2004 with the establishment of BP-Sinopec (Zhejiang) Petroleum Co. Ltd, commenced BP Annual Report and Accounts 2006 31 operations with 151 sites in Ningbo in 2005, with a further 72 sites in Shaoxing being transferred into the joint venture in 2006. The joint venture plans to build, operate and manage a network of 500 sites in Hangzhou, Ningbo and Shaoxing within Zhejiang province. Lubricants We manufacture and market lubricants products and also supply related products and services to business customers and end-consumers in over 60 countries directly and to the rest of the world through local distributors. Our business is concentrated on the higher-margin sectors of automotive lubricants, especially in the consumer sector, and also has a strong presence in business markets such as commercial vehicle ﬂeets, aviation, marine and specialized industrial segments. Customer focus, distinctive brands and superior technology remain the cornerstones of our long-term strategy. BP markets through its two major brands, Castrol and BP, and several secondary brands, including Duckhams, Veedol and Aral. In the consumer sector of the automotive segment, we supply lubricants, other products and related business services to intermediate customers such as retailers and workshops, who in turn serve end- consumers (e.g. car, motorcycle and leisure craft owners) in the mature markets of western Europe and North America and also in the fast- growing markets of the developing world such as Russia, China, India, the Middle East, South America and Africa. The Castrol brand is recognized worldwide and we believe it provides us with a signiﬁcant competitive advantage. In commercial vehicle and general industrial markets, we supply lubricants and lubricant-related services to the transportation industry and to automotive manufacturers. Business-to-business marketing Business Marketing markets a comprehensive range of reﬁnery and lubricants products focused on business customers in the aviation fuel, marine fuel, marine and industrial lubricants, LPG and the ground fuels sectors. Air BP is one of the world’s largest aviation businesses, supplying aviation fuel and lubricants to the airline, military and general aviation sectors. It supplies customers in approximately 100 countries, has annual marketing sales of around 26,854 million litres (approximately 463 thousand barrels per day) and has relationships with many of the major commercial airlines. Air BP’s strategic aim is to strengthen its position in existing markets (Europe/US/Asia Paciﬁc), while creating opportunities in emerging economies such as South America and China. The LPG business sells bulk, bottled, automotive and wholesale products to a wide range of customers in 14 countries. During the past few years, our LPG business has consolidated its position in established markets and pursued opportunities in new and emerging markets. BP is one of the leading importers of LPG into the Chinese market, where we continued to grow our retail LPG business. LPG Marketing Product sales in 2006 were approximately 71 thousand barrels per day. Marine comprises three global businesses: Marine Fuels, Marine Lubricants, and Power Generation and Offshore, which supplies specialist lubricants to the power generation and offshore industry. Under the BP and Castrol brands, the business is the marine lubricants market leader and has a strong presence in the marine fuels sector. The business has ofﬁces in 90 countries and operates in more than 1,150 ports. The Commercial Fuels business has activities in approximately 14 European countries and marketing sales of approximately 596 thousand barrels per day. The business markets fuels and heating oil, mostly as pick-up business at reﬁneries, terminals and depots. Our Business Marketing activities also include Industrial Lubricants, selling industrial lubricants and services to manufacturing companies in approximately 40 countries, and the supply of bitumen to the road and rooﬁng industries. The businesses seek to increase value by building from the technology, marketing and sales capabilities of a business to business operation. BP supports its businesses through a dedicated Strategic Accounts organization. Strategic Accounts develops strategic relationships with carefully selected leading organizations in targeted markets, where mutual strategic and ﬁnancial value can be created. Its operating model manages each relationship in a disciplined manner to achieve growth and efﬁciency for BP and its partners through focused offer development and capability building. Relationships are held across organizations and involve many senior leaders in the partners’ organizations. Aromatics and acetyls The Aromatics and Acetyls business is managed along three main products lines: PTA, PX and acetic acid. PTA is a raw material for the manufacture of polyesters used in textiles, plastic bottles, ﬁbres and ﬁlms. PX is feedstock for the production of PTA. Acetic acid is a versatile intermediate chemical used in a variety of products such as paints, adhesives and solvents. It is also used in the production of PTA. In addition to these three main products, we are involved in a number of other petrochemicals products, namely Dimethyl 2, 6 Naphthalene dicarboxylate (NDC), which is used for optical ﬁlm and specialized packaging, and acetic anhydride, ethyl acetate and vinyl acetate monomer (VAM), which are used in cellulose acetate, paints, adhesives and solvents. Our Aromatics and Acetyls strategy is to invest to maintain our advantaged manufacturing positions globally, with an emphasis on Asia growth, particularly in China. We are also investing in maintaining and developing our technology leadership position to deliver both operating and capital cost advantages. 32 The following table shows BP’s Aromatics and Acetyls production capacity at 31 December 2006. This production capacity is based on the original design capacity of the plants plus expansions. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ thousand tonnes per year Acetic acid Total – BP share of capacity PX PTA Other 529 633 1,076 Geographic area ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ UK Hull Rest of Europe Belgium Geel USA Cooper River Decatur Texas City Rest of World China Chongqing Zhuhai Indonesia Merak Korea Ulsan (51% of YARACO)b 1,309 2,217 1,975 (50% of PT Ami) 1,145 1,309 1,309 1,043 254 582 29 123 1,162 1,628 242d 202b 553c 543a 57e 252 582 252 852 552 52 (47% of SPC)c (34% of ASACCO)e (51% of SS-BP)d (47% of SPC)c 545 353 545 699 153g 2,214 894 822 457 153 13,260 (61% of CAPCO)f (61% of CAPCO)f (50% of FBPC)g ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Seosan Malaysia Kertih Kuantan Taiwan Kaohsiung Taichung Mai Liao 353c 699 822f 457f 7,146 3,006 a Sterling Chemicals plant, the output of which is marketed by BP. b Yangtze River Acetyls Company. c Samsung-Petrochemicals Company Ltd. d Samsung-BP Chemicals Ltd. e Asian Acetyls Company Ltd. f China American Petrochemical Company Ltd. g Formosa BP Chemicals Corporation. In addition to the plans for a second PTA plant at the BP Zhuhai Chemical Company Limited site in Guandong province, China, described previously, the following portfolio activity took place in the Aromatics and Acetyls business during the year: – In the third quarter of 2006, BP announced its intent to sell its 47.41% equity interest in Samsung Petrochemical Co. Ltd (SPC), a PTA joint venture with Samsung in South Korea. – In 2004, BP announced the phased closure of two acetic acid plants at Hull, UK. The ﬁrst plant was shut down in the second quarter of 2005 and the remaining plant was shut down in the third quarter of 2006. – The development of a 350 thousand tonnes per annum (ktepa) PTA expansion at Geel, Belgium, is expected to be operational in early 2008 and to increase the site’s PTA capacity to 1,426ktepa. Supply and trading The group has a long-established supply and trading activity responsible for delivering value across the overall crude and oil products supply chain. This activity identiﬁes the best markets and prices for our crude oil, sources optimal feedstock to our reﬁning assets and sources marketing activities with ﬂexible and competitive supply. Additionally, the function creates incremental trading gains through holding commodity derivative contracts and trading inventory. To achieve these objectives in a liquid and volatile international market, the group enters into a range of commodity derivative contracts, including exchange traded futures and options, over- the-counter options, swaps and forward contracts as well as physical term and spot contracts. Exchange traded contracts are traded on liquid regulated markets that transact in key crude grades, such as Brent and West Texas Intermediate, and the main product grades, such as gasoline and gasoil. These exchanges exist in each of the key markets in the US, western Europe and the Far East. Over-the-counter contracts include a variety of options, forwards and swaps. These swaps price in relation to a wider set of grades than those traded through the exchanges, where counterparties contract for differences between, for example, ﬁxed and ﬂoating prices. The contracts we use are described in more detail below. Additionally, physical crude can be traded forward by using speciﬁc over-the-counter contracts pricing in reference to Brent and West Texas Intermediate grades. Over-the-counter crude forward sales contracts are used by BP to buy and sell the underlying physical commodity, as well as to act as a risk management and trading instrument. Risk management is undertaken when the group is exposed to market risk, primarily due to the timing of sales and purchases, which may occur for both commercial and operational reasons. For example, if the group has delayed a purchase and has a lower than normal inventory level, the associated price exposure may be limited by taking an offsetting position in the most suitable commodity derivative contract described above. Where trading is undertaken, the group actively combines a range of derivative contracts and physical positions to create incremental trading gains by arbitraging prices, typically between locations and time periods. This range of contract types includes futures, swaps, options and forward sale and purchase contracts, which are described further below. The volume of activity in 2006 was similar to 2005. Through these transactions, the group sells crude production into the market, allowing more suitable higher-margin crude to be supplied to our reﬁneries. The group may also actively buy and sell crude on a spot and term basis to improve selections of crude for reﬁneries further. In addition, where reﬁnery production is surplus to marketing requirements or can be sourced more competitively, it is sold into the market. This latter activity also encompasses opportunities to maximize the value of the whole supply chain through the optimization of storage and pipeline BP Annual Report and Accounts 2006 33 assets, including the purchase of product components that are blended into ﬁnished products. The group also owns and contracts for storage and transport capacity to facilitate this activity. The range of transactions that the group enters into is described below Transportation Our Reﬁning and Marketing business owns, operates or has an interest in extensive transportation facilities for crude oil, reﬁned products and petrochemicals feedstock. in more detail: – Exchange-traded commodity derivatives These contracts are typically in the form of futures and options traded on a recognized exchange, such as Nymex, Simex, ICE and Chicago Board of Trade. Such contracts are traded in standard speciﬁcations for the main marker crude oils, such as Brent and West Texas Intermediate, and the main product grades, such as gasoline and gas oil. Though potentially settled physically, these contracts are typically settled ﬁnancially. Gains and losses, otherwise referred to as variation margins, are settled on a daily basis with the relevant exchange. These contracts are used for the trading and risk management of both crude and products. Realized and unrealized gains and losses on exchange traded commodity derivatives are included in sales and other operating revenues for accounting purposes. – Over-the-counter (OTC) contracts These contracts are typically in the form of forwards, swaps and options. OTC contracts are negotiated between two parties and are not traded on an exchange. These contracts can be used both as part of trading and risk management activities. Realized and unrealized gains and losses on OTC contracts are included in sales and other operating revenues for accounting purposes. The main grades of crude oil bought and sold forward using standard contracts are West Texas Intermediate and a standard North Sea crude blend (Brent, Forties and Osberg – BFO). Although the contracts specify physical delivery terms for each crude blend, a signiﬁcant volume are not settled physically. The contracts contain standard delivery, pricing and settlement terms. Additionally, the BFO contract speciﬁes a standard volume and tolerance given that the physically settled transactions are delivered by cargo. Swaps are contractual obligations to exchange cash ﬂows between two parties; one usually references a ﬂoating price and the other a ﬁxed price with the net difference of the cash ﬂows being settled. Options give the holder the right, but not the obligation, to buy or sell crude or oil products at a speciﬁed price on or before a speciﬁc future date. Amounts under these derivative ﬁnancial instruments are settled at expiry, typically through netting agreements, to limit credit exposure and support liquidity. – Spot and term contracts Spot contracts are contracts to purchase or sell crude and oil products at the market price prevailing on and around the delivery date when title to the inventory is taken. Term contracts are contracts to purchase or sell a commodity at regular intervals over an agreed term. Though spot and term contracts may have a standard form, there is no offsetting mechanism in place. These transactions result in physical delivery with operational and price risk. Spot and term contracts relate typically to purchases of crude for a reﬁnery, sales of the group’s oil production and sales of the group’s oil products. For accounting purposes, spot and term sales are included in sales and other operating revenues, when title passes. Similarly, spot and term purchases are included in purchases for accounting purposes. Trading investigations See Legal proceedings on page 85 for further details regarding investigations into various aspects of BP’s trading activities. The independent review, commissioned by BP, of the current compliance approach in the group’s US trading organization has been completed. A number of recommendations have been made in regard to the design and effectiveness of the compliance processes and procedures. BP is fully implementing these recommendations. We transport crude oil to our reﬁneries principally by ship and through pipelines from our import terminals. We have interests in crude oil pipelines in Europe and the US. Bulk products are transported between reﬁneries and storage terminals by pipeline, ship, barge and rail. Onward delivery to customers is primarily by road. We have interests in major product pipelines in the UK, the Rest of Europe and the US. Shipping We transport our products across oceans, around coastlines and along waterways, using a combination of BP-operated time-chartered and spot- chartered vessels. All vessels on BP business are subject to our health, safety, security and environmental requirements. In 2006, we continued to expand our operated and time-chartered ﬂeet in order to provide more protection against the risk of a major oil spill. This ﬂeet transformation is ahead of the international requirements for phase-out of single- hulled vessels. International ﬂeet In 2005 we managed an international ﬂeet of 52 vessels (44 oil tankers and eight LNG carriers). At the end of 2006, we had 57 international vessels (42 medium-size crude and product carriers, four very large crude carriers, one North Sea shuttle tanker, seven LNG carriers and three new LPG carriers). All these ships are double-hulled. Of the seven LNG carriers, BP manages four on behalf of joint ventures in which it is a participant and operates three LNG carriers, with a further four on order for delivery in 2007 and 2008. Regional and specialist vessels In Alaska, we took delivery of the fourth and ﬁnal ship in a series of new- build double-hulled tankers and redelivered one of our time-chartered vessels back to the owner. The entire Alaskan ﬂeet of six vessels is double-hulled. In the Lower 48, two of the four heritage Amoco barges remain in service, one of which is due to be phased out of BP’s service in 2007. We now intend to retain the other, which is double-hulled, until 2009. Outside the US, the specialist ﬂeet has grown from six ships in 2005 to 16 in 2006 (three tugs, two double-hulled lubricants oil barges and 11 offshore support vessels). Time charter vessels BP has 100 hydrocarbon-carrying vessels above 600 deadweight tonnes on time charter, of which 83 are double-hulled and three are double-bottomed. All these vessels are enrolled in BP’s Time Charter Assurance Programme. Spot charter vessels To transport the remainder of the group’s products, BP spot charters vessels, typically for single voyages. These vessels are always vetted prior to use. Other vessels BP uses miscellaneous craft such as tugs, crew boats and seismic vessels in support of the group’s business. We also use sub 600 deadweight tonne barges to carry hydrocarbons on inland waterways. 34 Gas, Power and Renewables The Gas, Power and Renewables segment includes four main activities: marketing and trading of gas and power; marketing of liqueﬁed natural gas (LNG); natural gas liquids (NGLs); and low-carbon power generation through our Alternative Energy business. The strategic purpose of the segment comprises four elements: – Develop a leading low-carbon power generation business across the value chain. – Access cost competitive supply. – Capture distinctive world-scale gas market positions by accessing key pieces of infrastructure. – Expand gross margin by providing distinctive energy products and services to selected customer segments and by optimizing the gas and power value chains. Key statistics ----- -------- -------- --------- -------- -------- --------- -------- -------- -- ------ -------- --------- -------- -------- --------- ------ -- -------- --------- 2006 2005a $ million 2004a ----- -------- -------- --------- -------- -------- --------- -------- -------- -- ------ -------- --------- -------- -------- --------- ------ -- -------- --------- Sales and other operating revenues from continuing operations Proﬁt before interest and tax from continuing operations Total assets Capital expenditure and acquisitions 23,708 25,696 23,969 1,321 27,398 688 1,172 28,952 235 1,003 17,753 530 Profit before interest and tax from continuing operations includes profit after tax of equity-accounted entities. a On 1 January 2006, following the formation of the Alternative Energy business, certain mid-stream assets and activities were transferred into Gas, Power and Renewables and the 2005 and 2004 data above has been restated to reflect these transfers: – South Houston Green Power co-generation facility (in the Texas City refinery) from Refining and Marketing. – Watson co-generation facility (in the Carson refinery) from Refining and Marketing. – Phu My Phase 3 combined cycle gas turbine (CCGT) plant in Vietnam from Exploration and Production. The changes in sales and other operating revenues are explained in more detail below. ----- -------- -------- --------- -------- -------- --------- -------- -------- -- ------ -------- --------- -------- -------- --------- ------ -- -------- --------- $ million ----- -------- -------- --------- -------- -------- --------- -------- -------- -- ------ -------- --------- -------- -------- --------- ------ -- -------- --------- Gas marketing sales Other sales (including NGLs marketing) ----- -------- -------- --------- -------- -------- --------- -------- -------- -- ------ -------- --------- -------- -------- --------- ------ -- -------- --------- 2006 2005 2004 11,428 15,222 13,532 12,280 23,708 10,474 25,696 10,437 23,969 mmcf/d ----- -------- -------- --------- -------- -------- --------- -------- -------- -- ------ -------- --------- -------- -------- --------- ------ -- -------- --------- 3,685 5,096 5,244 Gas marketing sales volumes Natural gas sales by Exploration and Production 5,152 4,747 3,670 We seek to maximize the value of our gas by targeting high-value customer segments in selected markets and to optimize supply around our physical and contractual rights to assets. Marketing and trading activities are focused on the relatively open and deregulated natural gas and power markets of North America, the UK and the most liquid trading locations in continental Europe. Some long-term natural gas contracting activity is included within the Exploration and Production business segment because of the nature of the gas markets when the long-term sales contracts were agreed. Our LNG business develops opportunities to capture sales for our upstream natural gas resources, working in close collaboration with the Exploration and Production business. For sales into non-liquid markets such as Japan and Korea, we aim to secure contracts with high-value customers. For the majority of sales into liquid wholesale markets such as the US and UK, we are building integrated supply chains covering production, liquefaction, shipping, regasiﬁcation and access to the wholesale transmission grid. Our strategy is to capture a growing share of the internationally traded gas market. We are focusing on markets that offer signiﬁcant prospects for growth. Our LNG activities involve the marketing of third-party LNG as well as BP equity volumes, where this allows us to optimize our existing asset and contractual positions. Our NGLs business is engaged in the processing, fractionation and marketing of ethane, propane, butanes and pentanes extracted from natural gas. We have a signiﬁcant NGLs processing and marketing business in North America. Our NGLs activity is underpinned by our upstream resources and serves third-party markets for chemicals and clean fuels as well as supplying BP’s reﬁning activities. Globally, the power sector is the largest source of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, which are responsible for about twice the emissions from transport. Creating low-carbon power is therefore critical in the effort to stabilize global GHG emissions. BP is focused on power generation activities with low-carbon emissions. In 2005, we announced our plans to invest in a new business called BP Alternative Energy, which aims to extend signiﬁcantly our capabilities in solar, wind power, hydrogen power and gas-ﬁred power generation. Capital expenditure and acquisitions for 2006 was $688 million, compared with $235 million in 2005 and $530 million in 2004. In 2006, this included the acquisitions of Orion Energy, LLC, and Greenlight Energy, Inc. In 2005 and 2004, there were no acquisitions. Capital expenditure excluding acquisitions for 2007 is planned to be around $900 million. The increase over the 2006 level primarily reﬂects our project programme, including continuing investment in the Alternative Energy business. Marketing and trading activities Gas and power marketing and trading activity is undertaken primarily in the US, Canada, the UK and continental Europe to market BP’s gas and power production and manage market price risk as well as to create incremental trading gains through the use of commodity derivative contracts. Additionally, this activity generates fee income and enhanced margins from sources such as the management of price risk on behalf of third-party customers. These markets are large, liquid and volatile and the group enters into these transactions on a large scale to meet these objectives. The group also has an NGLs trading activity in the US for delivering value across the overall NGLs supply chain, sourcing optimal feedstock to our processing assets and securing access to markets with ﬂexible and competitive supply. In connection with the above activities, the group uses a range of commodity derivative contracts and storage and transport contracts. These include commodity derivatives such as futures, swaps and options to manage price risk and forward contracts used to buy and sell gas and power in the marketplace. Using these contracts, in combination with rights to access storage and transportation capacity, allows the group to access advantageous pricing differences between locations, time periods and arbitrage between markets. Gas futures and options are traded through exchanges, while over-the-counter options and swaps are used for both gas and power transactions through bilateral arrangements. Futures and options are primarily used to trade the key index prices such as Henry Hub, while swaps can be tailored to price with reference to speciﬁc delivery locations where gas and power can be bought and sold. Over-the-counter forward contracts have evolved in both the US and UK markets, enabling gas and power to be sold forward in a variety of locations and future periods. These contracts are used both to sell production into the wholesale markets and as trading instruments to buy and sell gas and power in future periods. Capacity contracts allow the group to store, transport gas and transmit power between these locations. Additionally, activity is undertaken to risk manage power generation margins related to the Texas City co-generation plant using a range of gas and power commodity derivatives. The range of contracts that the group enters into is described below in more detail: – Exchange traded commodity derivatives Exchange traded commodity derivatives include gas and power futures contracts. Though potentially settled physically, these contracts are typically settled ﬁnancially. Gains and losses, otherwise referred to as variation margins, are settled on a daily basis with the relevant exchange. Realized and unrealized gains and losses on exchange- traded commodity derivatives are included in sales and other operating revenues for accounting purposes. – Over-the-counter (OTC) contracts These contracts are typically in the form of forwards, swaps and options. OTC contracts are negotiated between two parties and are not BP Annual Report and Accounts 2006 35 traded on an exchange. These contracts can be used both as part of trading and risk management activities. Realized and unrealized gains and losses on OTC contracts are included in sales and other operating revenues for accounting purposes. Highly developed markets exist in North America and the UK where gas and power can be bought and sold for delivery in future periods. These contracts are negotiated between two parties to purchase and sell gas and power at a speciﬁed price, with delivery and settlement at a future date. Although these contracts specify delivery terms for the underlying commodity, in practice a signiﬁcant volume of these transactions are not settled physically. This can be achieved by transacting offsetting sale or purchase contracts for the same location and delivery period that are offset during the scheduling of delivery or dispatch. The contracts contain standard terms such as delivery point, pricing mechanism, settlement terms and speciﬁcation of the commodity. Typically, volume is the main variable term. Swaps are contractual obligations to exchange cash ﬂows between two parties. One usually references a ﬂoating price and the other a ﬁxed price, with the net difference of the cash ﬂows being settled. Options give the holder the right, but not the obligation, to buy or sell natural gas products or power at a speciﬁed price on or before a speciﬁc future date. Amounts under these derivative ﬁnancial instruments are settled at expiry, typically through netting agreements, to limit credit exposure and support liquidity. – Spot and term contracts Spot contracts are contracts to purchase or sell a commodity at the market price prevailing on the delivery date when title to the inventory passes. Term contracts are contracts to purchase or sell a commodity at regular intervals over an agreed term. Though spot and term contracts may have a standard form, there is no offsetting mechanism in place. These transactions result in physical delivery with operational and price risk. Spot and term contracts relate typically to purchases of third-party gas and sales of the group’s gas production to third parties. Spot and term sales are included in sales and other operating revenues, when title passes. Similarly, spot and term purchases are included in purchases for accounting purposes. See Financial and operating performance – Gas, Power and Renewables on page 53. Trading investigations See Legal proceedings on page 85 for details regarding investigations into various aspects of BP’s trading activities. The independent review, commissioned by BP, of the current compliance approach in the group’s US trading organization has been completed. A number of recommendations have been made in regard to the design and effectiveness of the compliance processes and procedures. BP is fully implementing these recommendations. North America BP is one of the leading wholesale marketers and traders of natural gas in North America, the world’s largest natural gas market. Our business has been built on the foundation of our position as the continent’s leading producer of gas based on volumes. Our gas activity in the US and Canada has grown as the group increased its scale through both organic growth of operations and the acquisition of smaller marketing and trading companies, increasing reach into additional markets. At the same time, the overall volumes in these markets have also increased. The group also trades power, in addition to selling and risk managing production from the Texas City co-generation facility in the US. The scale of our gas and power businesses in North America grew over the period 2004-2006 because of a number of factors: (i) increased access to transport rights; (ii) increase in our trading activities; and (iii) growth from the acquisition of small regional marketing businesses. The OTC market for NGLs also developed during this period but the scale of activity was not signiﬁcant in the context of the group’s overall marketing and trading activity. Our North American natural gas marketing and trading strategy seeks to provide unconstrained market access for BP’s equity gas. Our marketing strategy targets high-value customer segments through fully utilizing our rights to store and transport gas. These assets include those owned by 36 BP and those contractually accessed through agreements with third parties such as pipelines and terminals. Europe The natural gas market in the UK is signiﬁcant in size and is one of the most progressive in terms of deregulation when compared with other European markets. BP is one of the largest producers of natural gas in the UK based on volumes. The majority of natural gas sales are to power- generation companies and to other gas wholesalers via long-term supply deals. Some of the natural gas continues to be sold under long-term supply contracts that were entered into prior to market deregulation. In addition to the marketing of BP gas, commodity derivative contracts are used actively in combination with assets and rights to store and transport gas to generate trading gains. This may include storing physical gas to sell in future periods or moving gas between markets to access higher prices. Commodity contracts such as over-the-counter forward contracts can be used to achieve this, while other commodity contracts such as futures and options can be used to manage the market risk relating to changes in prices. As UK gas markets become increasingly connected to continental Europe, it is important that we maintain our understanding of how wider European gas markets work. We therefore trade in continental Europe. In Europe, our main marketing activities are currently in Spain. The Spanish natural gas market has continued to grow and is now deregulated ahead of the deadlines set by European law. Since April 2000, we have built a market position that currently places us as one of the leading foreign entrants into the Spanish gas market. Following Spanish deregulation, our 5% shareholding in Enagas, the Spanish gas transport grid operator, was no longer considered strategic and in November 2006 we divested these shares. Liqueﬁed natural gas Our LNG and new market development activities are focused on establishing international market positions to create maximum value from our upstream natural gas resources and on capturing third-party LNG supply to complement our equity ﬂows. BP Exploration and Production has interests in major existing LNG projects in Trinidad, ADGAS in Abu Dhabi, Bontang in Indonesia and the North West Shelf in Australia. Additional LNG supplies are being pursued through an expansion of the existing LNG facilities at the North West Shelf project in Australia and greenﬁeld developments in Indonesia (Tangguh) and Angola. BP has no proved reserves associated with its interests in LNG projects in Abu Dhabi and Angola. We continue to access major growth markets for the group’s equity gas. In Asia Paciﬁc, agreements for the supply of LNG from the Tangguh project (BP 37.2%) have been signed with POSCO and K-Power for supply to South Korea and with Sempra for supply to the Mexican and US markets. Together with an earlier agreement to supply LNG to China, these agreements mean that markets for more than 7 million tonnes a year (380bcf) of Tangguh LNG have been secured. In March 2005, Tangguh received key government approvals for the two-train launch and the project consortium is now executing the major construction contracts, with start-up planned in late 2008. During 2006, further progress was made in securing contracts for LNG to be derived from the remaining uncontracted reserves at the North West Shelf project. In the Atlantic and Mediterranean regions, signiﬁcant progress has also been made in creating opportunities to supply LNG to North American and European gas markets. The fourth LNG train at Atlantic LNG in Trinidad, with a capacity of 5.2 million tonnes per annum (mtpa) (253bcf), began operations in late 2005. BP is marketing its LNG entitlement directly, utilizing BP-controlled LNG shipping and contractual rights to access import terminal capacity in the liquid markets of the US (Cove Point and Elba Island) and the UK (Isle of Grain). These BP-marketed volumes supplement a 2005 long-term agreement with Egyptian Natural Gas Holding Company (EGAS) of Egypt to purchase 1.45 billion cubic metres per year of LNG from the Spanish Egyptian Gas Company (SEGAS) plant at Damietta, short-term contracts to purchase LNG from Oman and Qatar and periodic ‘spot’ purchases of LNG. We have signed a memorandum of understanding with Brass River LNG in Nigeria to purchase around 2 million tonnes a year of LNG, starting in 2010 for 20 years, which will be supplied to multiple markets in the Atlantic basin. In south-east China, the Dapeng LNG import and regasiﬁcation terminal and Trunkline Project (BP 30%) in Guangdong province received its ﬁrst commissioning cargo during May 2006 and commenced commercial operations in September. LNG for the terminal is supplied under a long- term contract signed with Australia LNG in October 2002 that involves deliveries from the North West Shelf project (BP 16.7% infrastructure and oil reserves/15.8% gas and condensate reserves). BP continues to progress options for new terminal development in the US. The proposed 1.2 billion cubic feet per day (bcf/d) Crown Landing terminal is to be located on the Delaware River in New Jersey. The Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC) granted its approval for the siting, construction and operation of this project during 2006. BP continues to work with the State agencies in New Jersey to complete State permitting requirements and with the relevant federal, state and local authorities to put in place security plans for the facility and associated shipping activities. BP is also monitoring the progress of a proceeding ﬁled by the State of New Jersey against the State of Delaware in the US Supreme Court concerning New Jersey’s jurisdiction over developments on its shores, including the project’s loading jetty that extends into the Delaware River. The court has agreed to hear the case. Natural gas liquids With global demand for NGLs, both as a chemicals feedstock and as a cleaner fuel, forecast to grow in excess of 3% a year, this business is expected to offer potential for further growth. Based on sales volumes, we are one of the leading producers and marketers of NGLs in North America and hold interests for NGL volumes in the UK and Egypt. NGLs produced in North America from gas chieﬂy sourced out of Alberta, Canada, and the US onshore and Gulf Coast, are used as a heating fuel and as a feedstock for reﬁneries and chemicals plants. NGLs are sold to petrochemicals plants and reﬁneries, including our own. In addition, a signiﬁcant amount of NGLs are marketed on a wholesale basis under annual supply contracts that provide for price redetermination based on prevailing market prices. We operate natural gas processing facilities across North America, with a total capacity of 6.4bcf/d. These facilities, which we own or in which we have an interest, are located in major production areas across North America, including Alberta, Canada, the US Rockies, the San Juan basin and the Gulf of Mexico. We also own or have an interest in fractionation plants (that process the natural gas liquids stream into its separate component products) in Canada and the US, and own or lease storage capacity in Alberta, eastern Canada, and the US Gulf Coast, as well as the US West Coast and mid-continent regions. Our North American NGL processing capacity utilization in 2006 was 75%. In addition, we have entered into a long-term supply contract with Aux Sable Liquid Products to secure additional NGLs to supply our customers in the US Midwest. BP operates one plant in the UK (capacity 1.2bcf/d) and we are a partner (33.33%) in a gas processing plant in Egypt with 1.1bcf/d of gas processing capacity. We have also secured access to the Abibes LPG terminal in Cremona, northern Italy. During the ﬁrst quarter of 2006, a memorandum of understanding was signed with EGAS for a feasibility study covering construction of a greenﬁeld NGLs plant in the West Nile Delta, Egypt, that would process gas from future BP equity and third-party production offshore. Alternative energy BP Alternative Energy is focused on the power generation sector – the largest single source of emissions from the use of fossil fuels – and aims to extend BP’s capabilities in solar, wind, hydrogen and gas-ﬁred power generation to produce low-carbon power. Its activities include the production and marketing of solar panels; development of wind farms; generation of electricity from hydrogen power using sequestration in which carbon is captured and stored; and gas-ﬁred power generation, which typically emits only half as much CO2 as a conventional coal-ﬁred station. The business brings together the group’s existing activities in these technologies with our power marketing and trading capabilities to form a single business. In 2005, BP Alternative Energy announced its plans to invest up to $8 billion over 10 years. This investment is expected to be spread in broadly equal proportions between solar, wind, hydrogen and high- efﬁciency gas-ﬁred power generation. Solar BP Solar’s main production facilities are located in Frederick, Maryland, US; Madrid, Spain; Sydney, Australia; and Bangalore, India. During 2006, the expansion of our manufacturing facilities in India and Spain doubled our production capacity from 100MW in 2004 to 200MW, keeping us on track to triple capacity from 2005 levels by 2008. During 2007, expansion of cell capacity will continue at our Madrid and Bangalore facilities, alongside a $70-million project to expand casting capacity at Frederick. BP Solar achieved sales of 93MW (2005 105MW and 2004 99MW). We made good use of technology to manage the current silicon supply issue last year: developing a new silicon growth process named Mono2, which signiﬁcantly increases cell efﬁciency over traditional multi- crystalline-based solar cells. Solar cells made with these wafers, in combination with other BP Solar advances in cell process technology, are expected to be able to produce between 5% and 8% more power than solar cells made with conventional processes. We also teamed up with the California Institute of Technology to launch a multi-million dollar research programme to explore a radically new way of producing solar cells, based on the growth of silicon on ‘nanorods’, which could improve efﬁciency and make solar electricity much more competitive. In Germany, we signed a co-operation agreement with the Institute of Crystal Growth (IKZ) to develop a process for depositing silicon on glass that has the potential to reduce the amount of silicon feedstock used in cell production. In Spain, BP Solar and Banco Santander have formed an alliance that will allow for the construction of up to 278 photovoltaic solar power installations in Spain, with total capacity of 18-25 megawatts peak. Wind We are building expertise in wind energy and implementing projects. We operate two wind farms in the Netherlands, 9MW at our oil terminal in Amsterdam and 22.5MW at the Nerefco oil reﬁnery (both the reﬁnery and wind farm are jointly owned with Chevron (BP 69%)), providing electricity to the local grid. In the US, we entered into a long-term supply agreement with Clipper Windpower plc with options to purchase Clipper turbines, with a total capacity of 2,250MW. During 2007, we plan to begin construction of ﬁve wind power generation projects, located in four states – California, Colorado, North Dakota and Texas. The projects are expected to deliver a combined generation capacity of some 550MW. During 2006, BP Alternative Energy also acquired Orion Energy, LLC, and Greenlight Energy, Inc. With the acquisition of these large-scale wind energy developers, our North American wind portfolio includes opportunities to develop almost 100 projects with potential total generating capacity of some 15,000MW. Gas-ﬁred power Gas-ﬁred power stations typically emit around half as much CO2 as conventional coal-ﬁred plants. We operate a 776MW gas-ﬁred power generation facility and an associated LNG regasiﬁcation facility at Bilbao, Spain (BP 25% share in each) and a 750MW co-generation plant at Texas City, US (50:50 joint venture with Cinergy Solutions, Inc.), which supplies power and steam to BP’s largest reﬁning and petrochemicals complex. BP supplies natural gas to the Texas City plant and will use excess generation capacity to support power marketing and trading activities. Also, a 50MW co-generation plant near Southampton, UK (BP 100%), has been in operation since the ﬁrst half of 2005. The construction of K-Power’s (BP 35%) 1,074MW gas-ﬁred combined cycle power plant at Kwangyang, Korea, was completed and full commercial operations started in the second quarter of 2006. We have started construction of a new 250MW steam turbine power generating plant at the Texas City reﬁnery site, which is expected to bring the total capacity of the site to 1,000MW when completed in 2008. We also plan to construct a 520MW co-generation facility at Cherry Point, Washington, US. Hydrogen power During 2006, we announced a new strategic relationship with General Electric to accelerate the development of hydrogen power technology and the deployment of the concept. Progress on our proposed hydrogen plant at Carson, California, US, continued and we were awarded $90 million in US Federal Investment credits. BP Annual Report and Accounts 2006 37 Other businesses and corporate Technology Other businesses and corporate comprises Finance, the group’s aluminium asset, its investments in PetroChina and Sinopec (both divested in early 2004), interest income and costs relating to corporate activities worldwide. Following the sale of Innovene to INEOS in 2005, three equity-accounted entities (Shanghai SECCO Petrochemical Company Limited in China and Polyethylene Malaysia Sdn Bhd and Ethylene Malaysia Sdn Bhd, both in Malaysia) previously reported in Other businesses and corporate were transferred to Reﬁning and Marketing, effective 1 January 2006. The 2005 and 2004 data below has been restated to reﬂect these transfers. Key statistics ----- -------- -------- --------- -------- -------- --------- -------- -------- -- ------ -------- --------- -------- -------- --------- ------ -- -------- --------- 2006 2005 $ million 2004 ----- -------- -------- --------- -------- -------- --------- -------- -------- -- ------ -------- --------- -------- -------- --------- ------ -- -------- --------- Sales and other operating revenues for continuing operations 1,009 668 546 Proﬁt (loss) before interest and tax from continuing operationsa Total assets Capital expenditure and acquisitions (885) 14,184 281 (1,237) 12,144 817 155 21,795 2,130 a Includes profit after interest and tax of equity-accounted entities. Finance Finance co-ordinates the management of the group’s major ﬁnancial assets and liabilities. From locations in the UK, the US and the Asia Paciﬁc region, it provides the link between BP and the international ﬁnancial markets and makes available a range of ﬁnancial services to the group, including supporting the ﬁnancing of BP’s projects around the world. Aluminium Our aluminium business is a non-integrated producer and marketer of rolled aluminium products, headquartered in Louisville, Kentucky, US. Production facilities are located in Logan County, Kentucky, and are jointly owned with Novelis. The primary activity of our aluminium business is the supply of aluminium coil to the beverage can business. Research, technology and engineering Research, technology and engineering activities are carried out by each of the major business segments on the basis of a distributed programme co-ordinated by a technology co-ordination group. This body provides leadership for scientiﬁc, technical and engineering activities throughout the group and in particular promotes cross-business initiatives and the transfer of best practice between businesses. In addition, a group of eminent industrialists and academics forms the Technology Advisory Council, which advises senior management on the state of technology within the group and helps to identify current trends and future developments in technology. Research and development is carried out using a balance of internal and external resources. Involving third parties in the various steps of technology development and application enables a wider range of technology solutions to be considered and implemented, improving the productivity of research and development activities. Across the group, expenditure on research for 2006 was $395 million, compared with $502 million in 2005 and $439 million in 2004. Insurance The group generally restricts its purchase of insurance to situations where this is required for legal or contractual reasons. This is because external insurance is not considered an economic means of ﬁnancing losses for the group. Losses will therefore be borne as they arise, rather than being spread over time through insurance premiums with attendant transaction costs. This position is reviewed periodically. 38 The realization of technological advancements is pivotal to our strategic progress and business performance. It is also the key to ﬁnding and developing solutions that meet the energy and climate challenges of the 21st century. The sheer range and complexity of technologies that can affect our businesses and the wide variety of sources for these technologies – proprietary, energy service sector, universities and research institutions and other industries – mean that no single approach can meet all our needs. The following guiding principles underpin our approach to technology: – Deliver technology leadership in a select few areas of distinctiveness. – Develop innovative and sustainable technology-based solutions for corporate renewal. – Drive rapid take-up of proprietary and commercially available technologies. – Innovate and test technology at material scale. – Develop and access world-class skills and collaborate internally and externally. These principles are reﬂected in how we deﬁne technology investment. Whereas research and development is an externally reported number, internally we use a broader but very speciﬁc deﬁnition for technology investment. This consists of four elements: technology development for incremental improvement of our base businesses; technology leadership areas to create and sustain material, advantaged business positions; long-term technology investments to secure our future; and application and propagation of technology through formalized technology networks and knowledge management processes. Our ﬁve-year technology plan provides for sustained investment in our core technologies and increasing investment in long-term technologies. As we have deepened our current areas of leadership, extended their application in the ﬁeld and broadened our long-term technology portfolio, our technology investment has grown at an average of 15% a year between 2003 and 2006. In 2006, total technology investment was around $890 million. During 2006, we continued to advance and employ new technologies in drilling and well construction, unconventional gas development, enhanced oil recovery and seismic imaging. These technologies have enabled discoveries in the deepwater Gulf of Mexico and Angola, increased production from tight gas ﬁelds in the continental US and increased recoveries from our ﬁelds in maturing basins, such as Alaska and the North Sea. Technology advancements are also broadening our reﬁning capability to understand and process ever-lower quality crudes and optimize our assets in real time, enhancing the ﬂexibility and reliability of our reﬁneries. Our proprietary technologies in PTA have continued to reduce manufacturing costs and environmental impact. Our long-term technology priorities ﬁt into three categories of activity: technologies that enhance our capability to identify new hydrocarbon resources and better exploit those we have; technologies that convert hydrocarbon feedstocks into efﬁcient fuels and chemicals; and selected low-carbon technologies for power and transport to minimize CO2 emissions. During 2006, we announced plans to establish a dedicated biosciences energy research laboratory and invest $500 million over the next 10 years. On 1 February 2007, BP announced that it had selected the University of California, Berkeley, and its partners the University of Illinois at Urbana- Champaign and the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, for the research programme. The Energy Biosciences Institute’s aim will be to explore the application of bioscience and the production of new and cleaner energy, initially focusing on renewable biofuels for road transport. It will also pursue bioscience-based research in three other key areas: the conversion of heavy hydrocarbons to clean fuels; improved recovery from existing oil and gas reservoirs; and carbon sequestration. Regulation of the group’s business Safety, environmental and social performance BP’s exploration and production activities are conducted in many different countries and are therefore subject to a broad range of legislation and regulations. These cover virtually all aspects of exploration and production activities, including matters such as licence acquisition, production rates, royalties, pricing, environmental protection, export, taxes and foreign exchange. The terms and conditions of the leases, licences and contract under which these oil and gas interests are held vary from country to country. These leases, licences and contracts are generally granted by or entered into with a government entity or state company and are sometimes entered into with private property owners. These arrangements with governmental or state entities usually take the form of licences or production-sharing agreements. Arrangements with private property owners are usually in the form of leases. Licences (or concessions) give the holder the right to explore for and exploit a commercial discovery. Under a licence, the holder bears the risk of exploration, development and production activities and provides the ﬁnancing for these operations. In principle, the licence holder is entitled to all production, minus any royalties that are payable in kind. A licence holder is generally required to pay production taxes or royalties, which may be in cash or in kind. Less typically, BP may explore for and exploit hydrocarbons under a service agreement with the host entity in exchange for reimbursement of costs and/or a fee paid in cash rather than production. Production-sharing agreements entered into with a government entity or state company generally require BP to provide all the ﬁnancing and bear the risk of exploration and production activities in exchange for a share of the production remaining after royalties, if any. In certain countries, separate licences are required for exploration and production activities and, in certain cases, production licences are limited to a portion of the area covered by the exploration licence. Both exploration and production licences are generally for a speciﬁed period of time (except for licences in the US, which typically remain in effect until production ceases). The term of BP’s licences and the extent to which these licences may be renewed vary by area. Frequently, BP conducts its exploration and production activities in joint venture with other international oil companies, state companies or private companies. In general, BP is required to pay income tax on income generated from production activities (whether under a licence or production-sharing agreement). In addition, depending on the area, BP’s production activities may be subject to a range of other taxes, levies and assessments, including special petroleum taxes and revenue taxes. The taxes imposed on oil and gas production proﬁts and activities may be substantially higher than those imposed on other activities, particularly in Angola, Norway, the UK, Russia, South America and Trinidad & Tobago. BP’s other activities, including its interests in pipelines and its commodities and trading activities, are also subject to a broad range of legislation and regulations in various countries in which it operates. Health, safety and environmental regulations are discussed in more detail in Environmental protection on page 42. For certain information regarding environmental proceedings, see Environmental protection – US regional review on page 45. This section reviews BP’s 2006 performance with respect to safety, the environment, employees and relations with communities. A more comprehensive report on our non-ﬁnancial performance will be found in BP Sustainability Report 2006. BP’s approach to being a responsible business has three levels. At the ﬁrst level, we work to comply with local laws and regulations. At the second level, we seek to go further than regulations require, setting our own standards and designing processes to help us meet them. At the third level – beyond our own operations and our direct control – we have a role to play in addressing issues that are relevant to our work, such as climate change and sustainable development. BP’s operations Safety During 2006, we took action to address a number of speciﬁc safety issues as well as building more comprehensive systems for managing them, including speciﬁc investments and targeted programmes in response to the March 2005 explosion and ﬁre at the Texas City reﬁnery. As a group, we aspire to be an industry leader in the three dimensions of safety – personal safety, process safety and the environment. BP has a strong track record in personal safety and on the environment but we have more to do to move towards process safety excellence. In total, there were seven workforce fatalities in the course of BP’s operations during 2006, compared with 27 fatalities in 2005. We deeply regret the loss of these lives. The 2006 ﬁgure has reduced signiﬁcantly to the lowest level in nearly 20 years of reporting. This includes a reduction in driving-related fatalities, which were 14 in 2003, to two in 2006, after we implemented our new driving safety standard. Our reported recordable injury frequency fell to 0.47 per 200,000 hours worked, the lowest in our recorded history. For many years, we have operated using a management system called getting HSE right (gHSEr) and we are building on this foundation to strengthen our approach to safety, particularly process safety. To help sustain and reinforce this momentum, we have formalized our approach by establishing a group operations risk committee (GORC) as a subcommittee of the group chief executive’s meeting (GCEM). Its membership consists of heads of operating segments, the group managing director responsible for safety, the deputy chief executive of exploration and production, the head of the safety and operations function and the group engineering director. The role of this committee is to provide assurance that group operational risks are being identiﬁed and managed in accordance with approved policy and to guide BP’s overall approach. The main focus for GORC is management systems, particularly for process safety, across the group. The immediate priority for this committee is to monitor the implementation of a six-point plan to apply lessons learned from the Texas City incident and other priorities (see below). GORC is overseeing a detailed review of process safety measures and practices across BP’s operations to identify improvements. Over time, we will consolidate these management system improvements into a sustainable, integrated framework incorporating strengthened standards and based on a commitment to continuous improvement. This will form part of a new operating management system (OMS) that will incorporate and expand on gHSEr, underpinned by a consistent set of standards and processes covering health, safety, operational integrity and environmental issues. The ﬁrst wave of implementation of the OMS began in January 2007 in all our US reﬁneries and other selected locations across our worldwide operations. BP Annual Report and Accounts 2006 39 Continuing response to Texas City incident and inquiries During 2006, investigations continued into the March 2005 Texas City explosion. There was also ongoing action on our part to apply the lessons learned. BP settled a large number of civil suits arising from, and established a $1.625-billion provision related to, the incident. In terms of action at the reﬁnery itself, having concluded our own inquiry during 2005 and reached a settlement with OSHA, we have launched a programme in which we expect to invest an estimated $1 billion from 2006 to 2010 to improve and maintain the site. At the end of 2006, changes made at Texas City included: restarting the operations after the shutdown for Hurricane Rita; extensive mechanical renovation; installing a new ﬂare system; moving temporary buildings away from speciﬁed areas; relocating more than 400 Texas City workers into a new ofﬁce building outside the fence line; commissioning of plant, involving more than 15 million worker hours to date, refurbishment and safe start-up of a 27-mile steam system; and implementation of an enhanced total systems training programme. In January 2007, the company received the report of the BP US Reﬁneries Independent Safety Review Panel (the panel), which was chaired by former US Secretary of State James A Baker, III (see Report of the BP US Reﬁneries Independent Safety Review Panel on page 29). The panel was established on the recommendation of the US Chemical Safety and Hazard Investigation Board. Throughout 2006, the panel assessed the effectiveness of corporate oversight of safety management systems at BP’s US reﬁneries and the corporate safety culture. The panel’s report identiﬁed deﬁciencies in process safety performance at BP’s US reﬁneries and called on BP to give process safety the same priority that it had historically given to personal safety and the reduction of GHGs and promotion of alternative forms of energy. In making its ﬁndings and recommendations, the panel’s objective was excellence in process safety performance, not simply legal compliance. The panel speciﬁcally noted that ‘during the course of its review, it saw no information to suggest that anyone – from BP’s board members to its hourly workers – acted in anything other than good faith’. The panel made 10 recommendations relating to: process safety leadership; integrated and comprehensive process safety management system; process safety knowledge and expertise; process safety culture; clearly deﬁned expectations and accountability for process safety; support for line management; leading and lagging performance indicators for process safety; process safety auditing; board monitoring; and industry leader. The panel’s report in its entirety can be found at www.bp.com/bakerpanelreport. The panel acknowledged the measures BP had taken since the Texas City incident, including dedicating signiﬁcant resources and personnel intended to improve the process safety performance at BP’s US reﬁneries. BP has committed to implement the panel’s recommendations and will consult with the panel on how best to do this across the US reﬁneries and to apply the lessons learned elsewhere in its global operations. As announced in July 2006, there was an increase in spending at the ﬁve US reﬁneries, from $1.2 billion to $1.5 billion a year, with further increases to $1.7 billion a year for the period 2007 to 2010, representing a step-up in scale as well as pace. Alaska spills During 2006, two incidents occurred in our operations at Prudhoe Bay, Alaska. In March, an undetected leak led to a spill of approximately 4,800 barrels. In August, the eastern part of the ﬁeld was shut down as a precaution following the discovery of isolated pitting corrosion that resulted in a spill of 199 barrels of oil from an oil transit in a pipeline. Following inspection of the transit lines, production restarted in the eastern part of the ﬁeld in 44 days. Using smart pigs, devices that are run through the inside of the pipeline to inspect the pipe walls, we have now conﬁrmed sufﬁcient integrity for current operations. Nonetheless, we have decided to replace the main oil transit lines (16 miles) in both the eastern and western operating areas of Prudhoe Bay. In addition, we plan to spend over $550 million (net) over the next two years on integrity management in Alaska. We have retained three of the world’s foremost corrosion experts, who will independently review these programmes. 40 Action on process safety across BP Throughout 2006, we continued to implement the improvements initiated following the Texas City incident and supplemented them with new measures as necessary. These included inspecting and investing in our plants; training and development to ensure people have the right skills and behaviours; and working to ensure we have clear, consistent and rigorous processes for managing safety. We have earmarked $7 billion for safety investments over four years to upgrade our US reﬁneries and to repair and replace pipelines in Alaska. We also appointed a new chairman and president for BP America Inc. and announced the creation of an external advisory board to provide expert advice in the US on compliance, safety and regulatory affairs. In particular, during 2006 a group-wide programme was introduced known as the six-point plan to address the following points: – Removing blow-down stacks and moving temporary buildings away from potential hazards. – Conducting major accident risk assessments at plants and acting on their ﬁndings. – Implementing new group standards that set detailed requirements on control of work and integrity management. – Ensuring compliance with applicable laws and regulations. – Rapidly addressing ﬁndings from past audits. – Building competence in safety and operations through training and development. During 2006, the total number of oil spills of one barrel or more from all of our operations was 417, compared with 541 in 2005 and 1,098 in 1999. The difference between the reported number of spills in 2005 and 2006 is principally due to boundary changes, including the disposal of Innovene. During 2006, we continued to expand our shipping ﬂeet of operated and time-chartered vessels in order to provide more protection against the risk of a major oil spill. All vessels on BP business are subject to our health, safety, security and environmental (HSSE) requirements. The ﬂeet transformation is ahead of the international requirements for phase-out of single-hulled vessels. Our international ﬂeet has grown from 52 vessels in 2005 to 57 in December 2006, all of which are double-hulled. We also have 100 vessels on time charter, of which 83 are double-hulled and three double-bottomed. In addition, we use spot charter, regional, specialist and miscellaneous craft. In 2006, we launched SafeShips, an education and information programme highlighting safety for our seafarers and shore staff. It covers a wide range of safety-related topics, including risk assessments, operations safety, best practice and safety by design. Our operations and the environment During 2006, we continued working to reduce the environmental impact of our operations, primarily by reducing our emissions of greenhouse gases (GHGs) and by implementing processes to drive continuous improvements in a wide range of other environmental issues. In our operations since 2001, we have been aiming to offset half of the underlying GHG emission increases that result from our growing business through operational efﬁciency projects. After ﬁve years, we estimate that emissions growth of some 11 million tonnes has been offset by around 6 million tonnes of sustainable reductions. Our 2006 operational GHG emissions were 64.4 million tonnes (Mte) of carbon dioxide equivalent on a direct equity basis compared with a reported ﬁgure of 78.0Mte in 2005, of which 11.2Mte related to Innovene assets divested late in 2005. Our 2006 emissions were therefore some 2.4Mte lower than the comparable 2005 emissions of 66.8Mte (excluding Innovene’s 2005 contribution). Our track record of improvement from our ongoing efﬁciency programme continues, with reductions of 1.2Mte. The remaining 1.2Mte decrease comes from the balance of the growth of our business (1.3Mte), the effect of acquisitions and divestments, temporary operational variations and reporting protocol changes. We have taken part in the EU Emissions Trading Scheme since its launch in January 2005. We began 2006 with 18 participating installations and, during the year, our BP Solar facility in Madrid also began participating in the scheme. These 19 installations account for around one- ﬁfth of our reported 2006 global GHG emissions. 2006 saw the culmination of two years’ work with the launch in November of a new group practice called the Environmental Requirements for New Projects. Work on this practice began in 2004 after we were challenged by some investors over our processes for working in environmentally sensitive areas. We acknowledged the scope for improvement and designed the new requirements to include processes for early project screening, environmental impact assessments throughout the entire project life cycle, external consultation and operational performance requirements. These requirements cover a wide range of environmental impacts, ranging from GHG emissions and water management to impacts on communities and wildlife. In 2006, no new decisions were taken by BP to explore or develop in World Conservation Union (IUCN) category I-IV areas. We constantly try to limit the environmental impact of our operations by using natural resources responsibly and reducing waste and emissions. All our major sites, except two, are certiﬁed to the ISO 14001 international standard on environmental management. The Texas City reﬁnery intends to recertify after completing planned work to strengthen its HSE management systems, while an acetyls plant in Malaysia was only recently added to our reporting boundary for ISO 14001. People We seek to attract, develop and retain highly talented people, using appropriate incentives, in order to maintain the capability of the group to deliver our strategy and plans. As a global group, we believe our workforce, leadership and recruitment should reﬂect the communities in which we operate. We therefore run programmes designed to ensure that we increase the number of local leaders and employees in our operations. Our policy is to ensure equal opportunity in recruitment, career development, promotion, training and reward for all employees, including those with disabilities. Where existing employees become disabled, our policy is to provide continuing employment and training wherever practicable. We now have a number of programmes in place to help raise our senior level leaders’ awareness of diversity and inclusion (D&I). Our ‘Managing Inclusion’ programme is recommended for all senior level leaders in the US. We have also developed a web-based resource that uses interactive tools to present the business case for D&I, give guidance on D&I leadership and provide a gateway to other learning opportunities. At the end of 2006, 17% of our top 622 leaders were female and 20% came from countries other than the UK and the US. When we started tracking the composition of our group leadership in 2000, these percentages were 9% and 14% respectively. We recruit people in the hope that they will spend a signiﬁcant portion of their careers with BP. We aim to develop our leaders internally, although we recruit outside the group when we do not have specialist skills in-house or when exceptional people are available. In 2006, we appointed 70 people to positions in the 622-strong group leadership. Of these, 50 were internal candidates. We provide development opportunities for our employees, including training courses, international assignments, mentoring, team development days, workshops, seminars and online learning. We encourage everyone to take ﬁve training days a year. In our two-yearly People Assurance Survey of employees, conducted in 2006 and completed by 73% of those eligible, the level of satisfaction was 66%. We had approximately 97,000 employees as at 31 December 2006, compared with approximately 96,200 at 31 December 2005. We continue to support employee share ownership. Through our award-winning ShareMatch plan, run in more than 70 countries, we match BP shares purchased by employees. Communications with employees include magazines, intranet sites, DVDs, targeted e-mails and face-to-face communication. Team meetings are the core of our employee consultation, complemented by formal processes through works councils in parts of Europe. These communications, along with training programmes, are designed to contribute to employee development and motivation by raising awareness of ﬁnancial, economic, social and environmental factors affecting our performance. The code of conduct We have a code of conduct, launched in 2005, designed to ensure that all employees comply with legal requirements and our own standards. The code deﬁnes what BP expects of its people, providing expectations in key areas such as safety, workplace behaviour and use of IT. It also provides references to show employees where they can ﬁnd more detailed guidance on speciﬁc areas. Our strict anti-corruption policy includes a prohibition on making facilitation payments and is incorporated in the code of conduct. Our employee concerns programme, OpenTalk, enables employees to seek guidance on the code of conduct as well as to report suspected breaches of compliance or other concerns. The number of cases raised through OpenTalk was 1,064 in 2006, compared with 634 in 2005. Another avenue for raising concerns was opened in the US in September 2006 when BP America’s president and chairman appointed former US District Court Judge Stanley Sporkin to be BP America’s ombudsperson. This followed concerns raised in Alaska and elsewhere. His role is to serve as a neutral and supportive adviser whom employees and contractors can conﬁdentially contact at any time to report any suspected breach of compliance, ethics or the code of conduct, including safety concerns. We take steps to identify and correct areas of non-compliance and take disciplinary action where appropriate. In 2006, this included the reported dismissal of 642 people for non-compliance or unethical behaviour. (This number excludes some dismissals from the retail business including those for minor or immaterial incidents.) BP has taken a number of steps to improve compliance performance within its supply and trading function. The independent review, commissioned by BP, of the current compliance approach in the group’s US trading organization has been completed. A number of recommendations have been made in regard to the design and effectiveness of the compliance processes and procedures. BP is fully implementing these recommendations. The existing supply and trading compliance function is being integrated into the group’s Compliance and Ethics function to provide more independent oversight over trading activities. BP continues to apply a policy that the group will not participate directly in party political activity or make any political contributions, whether in cash or in kind. BP speciﬁcally made no contributions to UK or other EU political parties or organizations in 2006. Suppliers and contractors Our processes are designed to enable us to choose suppliers carefully on merit, avoiding conﬂicts of interest and inappropriate gifts and entertainment. We expect suppliers to comply with legal requirements and we seek to do business with suppliers who act in line with BP’s commitments to compliance and ethics, as outlined in the code of conduct. We engage with suppliers in a variety of ways, including performance review meetings to identify mutual improvements in performance. We seek to have a positive inﬂuence on major issues beyond our own operations. The two main areas where we seek to do so are climate change and development. BP and climate change During 2006, we made further investments to increase the supply of low- carbon energy, both for power and transport. Our activities came against a background of intensifying public concern and debate over the issue. As well as international negotiations on climate change in Nairobi, world leaders at the G8 summit in St Petersburg recommitted themselves to address the issue. In the US, a funding package was announced for research into renewable and alternative technologies and, in the UK, a government-commissioned report argued that the cost of failing to act to avert climate change would outweigh the cost of acting to stabilize GHG levels. These developments reinforced our own support for taking precautionary action as well as demonstrating the business opportunity that is created by the growth of markets for low-carbon power. In our view, the goal must be to take urgent but informed measures that will stabilize GHG concentrations by delivering sustainable and cost-efﬁcient long-term emission reductions. We must address the fact that fossil fuels currently supply most of the energy people use and are projected to remain fundamental to global energy supply for at least the next 20-30 years. Innovation to reduce CO2 emissions from the use of fossil fuels will therefore be a major contributor to stabilization during this period, alongside growing renewable energy industries. We believe that governments and businesses must work together to develop appropriate BP Annual Report and Accounts 2006 41 policy responses, recognizing the existence of different starting points, perspectives, priorities and solutions and including the many potential contributors to the common goal of addressing climate change. BP’s actions focus on our own business activities and engaging in informed external dialogue to inﬂuence policy, regulation and research. We support the use of market mechanisms such as emissions trading to bring about the most efﬁcient forms of emissions reduction. BP Alternative Energy In 2006, we made further progress in building BP Alternative Energy, launched in 2005, into a substantial business providing cleaner low- carbon power from solar, wind, hydrogen and natural gas. In 2005, we announced that we are investing $8 billion over 10 years in BP Alternative Energy to address the major opportunity presented by the low-carbon power market. Globally, the power sector is the biggest source of GHG emissions – responsible for around twice the emissions of transport – so creating low-carbon power is critical in the effort to stabilize global GHG levels. During 2006, BP Alternative Energy doubled its production capacity of solar cells and modules from the capacity produced in 2004, entered into research partnerships in the US and Germany to improve the performance of solar technology, acquired US wind energy developers Orion Energy, LLC, and Greenlight Energy, Inc., and signed an agreement with Clipper Windpower plc for the supply of wind turbines and the joint development of two gigawatts of wind capacity in the US. Our joint venture with SK Corporation in South Korea saw operations start at the combined cycle gas turbine power station, the Kwangyang plant, in which BP has a 35% stake, and we have started construction of a new 250MW steam turbine power generating plant at the Texas City reﬁnery site. Looking ahead, we also plan to construct a 520MW co-generation facility at Cherry Point in the US. During 2006, we announced a new strategic relationship with General Electric to accelerate the development of hydrogen power technology and the deployment of the concept. The US government showed support for our proposed hydrogen plant at Carson, California, by awarding the project $90 million in Federal Investment credits. Sustainable transport In 2006, we increased our involvement in biofuels – fuels made from crops, which limit GHG emissions from transport over their full life cycle because they absorb CO2 as the crops grow. We launched a dedicated biofuels business and announced that we would be investing $500 million over 10 years in a university-based Energy Biosciences Institute at which specialist researchers will apply their biotechnology expertise to energy. On 1 February 2007, BP announced that it had selected the University of California, Berkeley, and its partners the University of Illinois at Urbana- Champaign and the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory for the research programme. Our ambition is that bioscience will deliver comparable beneﬁts in the energy sector to those achieved in medicine. These new biofuels activities build upon our existing operations to blend biocomponents into transport fuels in the US, Germany, Austria and France. We continued the roll-out of BP Ultimate, launched in 2003, in two new markets, South Africa and Russia. This fuel delivers reductions in emissions such as carbon monoxide and nitrogen oxide compared with standard fuels. We worked with several partners to develop lubricants that support improvements in engine construction and emissions systems that are intended to improve fuel efﬁciency and reduce pollution. We have also developed longer-lasting driveline ﬂuids that reduce total oil volumes over a vehicle’s lifetime and improve fuel efﬁciency by up to 1.5%. Closer co-operation between lubricants development and manufacturing processes have resulted in signiﬁcant energy and resource savings during the blending of lubricants. BP is also supporting a project at Tsinghua University in China to investigate the challenges presented by the rapid growth of cities, especially in Asia. The ﬁrst phase, completed in March 2006, demonstrated the need for an integrated approach across many disciplines. 42 BP and development We wish to make a positive contribution to social and economic development wherever we operate. Our aim is to be a ‘local energy company’ – an accepted member of the community, but one that contributes global resources, standards and capabilities. Following this approach, we seek to bring local people into our leadership and workforce and to bring local companies into our supply chains. Consequently, as well as increasing the number of our leaders who are from beyond the US and UK, we have also invested in training and support for local companies in many countries. In 2006, we invested $10.7 million in support of enterprise development. In countries such as Azerbaijan, where we and our co-venturers have invested in local enterprise development through the Regional Development Initiative, and in Angola, BP has worked with the US NGO Citizens Development Corp to set up the Centro De Apoio Empresarial business support centre. We support micro-ﬁnance systems to make loans to small businesses in Angola, Azerbaijan, Colombia, Georgia and Trinidad & Tobago. During 2006, we acted as a member of the International Advisory Group for the Extractive Industries Transparency Initiative (EITI), and we remain represented on the board, which has replaced the International Advisory Group. EITI provides guidelines for publicly disclosing the amount of revenue governments receive from energy companies, so people can see how much is available for public spending. BP continues to support the implementation of the EITI in Azerbaijan. In 2006, Professor Tony Venables was appointed as the ﬁrst BP professor in the economics department of the University of Oxford, UK. The chair was endowed in 2005, together with funding for the Oxford Centre for the Analysis of Resource-Rich Economies, also in the economics department of Oxford, to conduct research on resource-rich economies and share best practice in managing energy revenues effectively. We also make direct contributions to communities through community programmes. Our total contribution in 2006 was $106.7 million. This includes $0.6 million contributed by BP to UK charities. The growing focus of this is on education, the development of local enterprise and providing access to energy in remote locations. We plan to spend around $500 million in each ﬁve-year cycle focusing on these areas, with enough ﬂexibility to respond to local needs as appropriate. In 2006, we spent $63.9 million promoting education, with investment in three broad areas: energy and the environment; business leadership skills; and basic education in developing countries where we operate large projects. We also help to promote development by assisting in providing access to various forms of energy in many countries, working alongside governments, NGOs and aid agencies. For example, we provide solar power for rural communities in countries such as Algeria, Sri Lanka and the Philippines and we have set up a new business in India to provide access to energy. Our ﬁrst offer is a biomass cooking stove to help provide cleaner energy for cooking. Almost 13,000 customers have purchased our biomass stove that signiﬁcantly reduces emissions compared with traditional wood-burning stoves made of mud. Environmental protection Health, safety and environmental regulation The group is subject to numerous national and local environmental laws and regulations concerning its products, operations and activities. Current and proposed fuel and product speciﬁcations under a number of environmental laws will have a signiﬁcant effect on the production, sale and proﬁtability of many of our products. Environmental laws and regulations also require the group to remediate or otherwise redress the effects on the environment of prior disposal or release of chemicals or petroleum substances by the group or other parties. Such contingencies may exist for various sites, including reﬁneries, chemicals plants, natural gas processing plants, oil and natural gas ﬁelds, service stations, terminals and waste disposal sites. In addition, the group may have obligations relating to prior asset sales or closed facilities. Provisions for environmental restoration and remediation are made when a clean-up is probable and the amount is reasonably determinable. Generally, their timing coincides with the commitment to a formal plan of action or, if earlier, on divestment or on closure of inactive sites. The provisions made are considered by management to be sufﬁcient for known requirements. The extent and cost of future environmental restoration, remediation and abatement programmes are often inherently difﬁcult to estimate. They depend on the magnitude of any possible contamination, the timing and extent of the corrective actions required, technological feasibility and BP’s share of liability relative to that of other solvent responsible parties. Though the costs of future restoration and remediation could be signiﬁcant and may be material to the results of operations in the period in which they are recognized, it is not expected that such costs will be material to the group’s overall results of operations or ﬁnancial position. See Financial statements – Note 40 on page 152 for the amounts provided in respect of environmental remediation and decommissioning. The group’s operations are also subject to environmental and common law claims for personal injury and property damage caused by the release of chemicals, hazardous materials or petroleum substances by the group or others. Nineteen proceedings involving governmental authorities are pending or known to be contemplated against BP and certain of its subsidiaries under federal, state or local environmental laws, each of which could result in monetary sanctions of $100,000 or more. No individual proceeding is, nor are the proceedings in aggregate, expected to be material to the group’s results of operations or ﬁnancial position. On 23 March 2005, an explosion and ﬁre occurred in the isomerization unit of BP Products North America Inc.’s Texas City reﬁnery as the unit was coming out of planned maintenance. Fifteen workers died in the incident and many others were injured. In 2005 and 2006, BP agreed settlements in respect of all the fatalities and many of the personal injury claims arising from the incident. Trials have been scheduled for a number of unresolved claims in mid-2007, although to date all claims scheduled for trial have been resolved in advance of trial. In 2006, BP continued its co-operation with the governmental entities investigating the incident, including the US Department of Justice (DOJ), the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), the US Occupational Safety & Health Administration (OSHA), the US Chemical Safety and Hazard Investigation Board (CSB) and the Texas Commission on Environmental Quality (TCEQ). During 2006, BP also devoted signiﬁcant time and effort to co-operate with the BP US Reﬁneries Independent Safety Review Panel (the panel), which it chartered in 2005 on the recommendation of the CSB to assess the effectiveness of corporate oversight of safety management systems at BP’s US reﬁneries and the corporate safety culture. The panel published its report in January 2007 and BP has publicly committed to implement its recommendations (see Report of the BP US Reﬁneries Independent Safety Review Panel on page 29). The incident prompted a number of investigations by other state and federal agencies. The TCEQ and OSHA investigations of the incident resulted in settlement agreements between BP and the agencies. In the third quarter of 2005, BP reached a settlement with OSHA that resulted in the payment of a $21.4 million penalty, an agreement to correct all alleged safety violations and the retention of experts to assess the reﬁnery’s organization and process safety systems. In the second quarter of 2006, BP settled with the TCEQ, resolving 27 alleged violations by paying a $0.3 million ﬁne and agreeing, among other things, to upgrade its ﬂare system. The CSB report is expected to be issued in March 2007. As a result of its investigation of the Texas City reﬁnery, OSHA conducted an inspection of BP Products North America Inc.’s Toledo reﬁnery beginning in October 2005. On 24 April 2006, OSHA issued citations with a total penalty of $2.4 million, alleging 39 separate violations of two different OSHA standards. BP and OSHA have reached a settlement in principle and are working towards ﬁnalizing the documentation. On 15 November 2006, the Indiana Occupational Safety and Health Administration (IOSHA) issued the Whiting reﬁnery with three Safety Orders and Notiﬁcations of Penalty alleging 14 separate violations of the OSHA regulations. The total proposed penalty was $0.4 million. On 7 December 2006, BP and IOSHA met to discuss resolution of the matter. Discussions to reach a settlement agreement are ongoing. On 2 March 2006, a crude oil spill of approximately 4,800 barrels occurred on a low-pressure transit line on the Alaskan North Slope in the Western Operating Area of the Prudhoe Bay ﬁeld operated by BP. The spill was reported to all the appropriate government agencies as soon as it was discovered and the portion of the line with the leak was shut down. The pipeline leak was caused by internal corrosion. The spill affected approximately two acres of frozen tundra. Clean-up and rehabilitation of the area are complete and environmental damage to the tundra is expected to be minimal. On 15 March 2006, the US Department of Transportation (DOT) issued a Corrective Action Order (CAO) that required, among other items, that BP develop a plan to run maintenance pipeline inspection tools (pigs) and smart pigs through the three Prudhoe Bay oil transit lines. The DOT has since issued two amendments to the CAO. Combined, the three orders have required 34 corrective actions. On 6 August 2006, BP Exploration Alaska ordered a phased shutdown of the Prudhoe Bay oil ﬁeld following the discovery of unexpectedly severe corrosion and a spill of 199 barrels from the oil transit line in the Eastern Operating Area of Prudhoe Bay. The decision was based on the receipt of data from a smart pig run and follow-up inspections where corrosion- related wall thinning appeared to exceed BP criteria for continued operation. It was during these follow-up inspections that BP personnel discovered a leak and a small spill to the tundra. The spill was contained and clean-up began. US and State of Alaska investigations of the incident have been initiated and subpoenas have been issued, including a Federal Grand Jury subpoena. BP continues its discussions with the DOT to assure compliance with the corrective actions outlined in the CADs. In September 2006, BP executives testiﬁed before the US House of Representatives and the US Senate. Management cannot predict future developments, such as increasingly strict requirements of environmental laws and resulting enforcement policies, that might affect the group’s operations or affect the exploration for new reserves or the products sold by the group. A risk of increased environmental costs and impacts is inherent in particular operations and products of the group and there can be no assurance that material liabilities and costs will not be incurred in the future. In general, the group does not expect that it will be affected differently from other companies with comparable assets engaged in similar businesses. Management believes that the group’s activities are in compliance in all material respects with applicable environmental laws and regulations. For a discussion of the group’s environmental expenditure see Environmental expenditure on page 54. BP operates in more than 100 countries worldwide. In all regions of the world, BP has processes designed to ensure compliance with applicable regulations. In addition, each individual in the group is required to comply with BP health, safety and environmental (HSE) policies as embedded in the BP code of conduct. Our partners, suppliers and contractors are also encouraged to adopt them. The group is working with the equity- accounted entity TNK-BP to develop management information to allow for the assessment and measurement of their activities in relation to HSE regulations and obligations. This Environmental protection section focuses primarily on the US and the EU, where approximately 70% of our property, plant and equipment is located, and on two issues of a global nature: climate change programmes and maritime oil spills regulations. Climate change programmes In December 1997, at the Third Conference of the Parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) in Kyoto, Japan, the participants agreed on a system of differentiated internationally legally binding targets for the ﬁrst commitment period of 2008-2012. In 2005, the Kyoto protocol came into force, committing the 156 participating countries to emissions targets and the EU Emissions Trading Scheme (ETS) came into operation. However, Kyoto was only designed as a ﬁrst step and policymakers continue to discuss what new agreement might follow it in 2012 and how all signiﬁcant countries can be involved. This was discussed further by the G8 group of world leaders at their St Petersburg summit in 2006 and at the UNFCC conference in Nairobi, where progress was made on climate impacts adaptation and vulnerability and there was agreement to review the Kyoto protocol by 2008. Market mechanisms to allow optimum utilization of resources to meet the national Kyoto targets are being considered, developed or implemented by individual countries and also internationally through the EU. The relative success of these systems will determine the extent to which alternative ﬁscal or regulatory measures may be applied. BP Annual Report and Accounts 2006 43 In July 2003, ﬁnal agreement was reached on a European Directive establishing a scheme for GHG emission allowance trading within the EU and, in January 2005, the scheme came into force, capping the CO2 emissions of major industrial emitters. BP was well prepared for the EU ETS, building on experiences from our own internal emissions trading system (operated between 1999 and 2001) and participation in the UK’s own pilot ETS. The EU ETS launched in 2005 covers all BP installations with combustion facilities greater than 20MW thermal input. The ﬁrst phase of EU ETS will come to completion at the end of 2007, with EU ETS phase II running from 2008 to 2012. By 31 December 2006, member states should have submitted their ﬁnal national allocation plan (NAP) versions. These are in the process of receiving ﬁnal approval from the Commission. In 2006, our 18 EU ETS participating installations submitted their veriﬁed 2005 CO2 emission reports, balanced their EU ETS allowance positions using BP’s trading resources in London and surrendered the required number of allowances, equal to their 2005 veriﬁed annual emissions. In September 2006, California governor Arnold Schwarzenegger signed the California Global Warming Solutions Act of 2006 (AB 32) into law. AB 32 requires the California Air Resources Board (CARB) to develop regulations that will ultimately reduce California’s GHG emissions to 1990 levels by 2020 (an approximately 25% reduction from current levels). Mandatory caps will begin in 2012 for signiﬁcant sources and will ratchet down over time to meet the 2020 goals. The law speciﬁcally targets ‘sources or categories that contribute the most to statewide emissions’ for action. The California Climate Action Team, which the law designates to co-ordinate overall climate policy, has identiﬁed transportation as the largest GHG-emitting sector in California, and electricity generation and the oil and gas industry are the two largest GHG-emitting industrial sectors in the state. The US congressional mid-term elections in November 2006 resulted in a change in control of the US Congress that may increase the prospects for more aggressive federal regulation of GHG emissions. Such future regulation could include stricter Corporate Average Fuel Emissions for automobiles sold in the US, changes in fuel speciﬁcations, the promotion of alternative fuels, stricter emissions limits on large GHG sources and/or the introduction of a cap and trade programme on CO2 or other GHG emissions. Since 1997, BP has been actively involved in policy debate. We also ran a global programme that reduced our operational GHG emissions by 10% between 1998 and 2001. We continue to look at two principal kinds of emissions: operational emissions, which are generated from our operations such as reﬁneries, chemicals plants and production facilities, and product emissions, generated by our customers when they use the fuels and products that we sell. Since 2001, we have been aiming to offset, through energy efﬁciency projects, half the underlying operational GHG emission increases that result from our growing business. After ﬁve years, we estimate that emissions growth of some 12 million tonnes has been offset by around 6 million tonnes of sustainable reductions. With regard to our products, our commitment to low-carbon businesses increased in 2006 with the internal establishment of a separate biofuels business and the announcement to establish a dedicated biosciences energy research facility attached to a major academic centre and invest $500 million over the next 10 years. Our low-carbon power business, BP Alternative Energy, continued to expand its activities with the purchase of US wind developers Orion Energy, LLC, and Greenlight Energy Inc. and the formation of a strategic alliance with Clipper Windpower, to develop jointly more than 2 gigawatts of wind projects in the US. Maritime oil spill regulations Within the US, the Oil Pollution Act of 1990 (OPA 90) imposes oil spill prevention requirements, spill response planning obligations and spill liability for tankers and barges transporting oil and for offshore facilities such as platforms and onshore terminals. To ensure adequate funding for response to oil spills and compensation for damages, when not fully covered by a responsible party, OPA 90 created a $1-billion fund that is ﬁnanced by a tax on imported and domestic oil. This has recently been amended by the Coast Guard and Marine Transportation Act 2006 to increase the size of the fund from $1 billion to $2.7 billion, through the previously mentioned tax, together with an increase in the liability of double-hulled tankers from $1,200 per gross ton to $1,900 per gross ton. In addition to federal law (OPA 90), which imposes liability for oil spills 44 on the owners and operators of the carrying vessel, some states implemented statutes also imposing liability on the shippers or owners of oil spilled from such vessels. Alaska, Washington, Oregon and California are among these states. The exposure of BP to such liability is mitigated by the vessels’ marine liability insurance, which has a maximum limit of $1 billion for each accident or occurrence. OPA 90 also provides that all new tank vessels operating in US waters must have double hulls and existing tank vessels without double hulls must be phased out by 2015. BP contracted with National Steel and Ship Building Company (NASSCO) for the construction of four double-hulled tankers in San Diego, California. The ﬁrst of these new vessels began service in 2004, demise chartered to and operated by Alaska Tanker Company (ATC), which transports BP Alaskan crude oil from Valdez. NASSCO delivered two more in 2005 and the fourth was delivered in 2006. At the end of 2006, the ATC ﬂeet consisted of six tankers, all double-hulled. Outside the US, the BP-operated ﬂeet of tankers is subject to international spill response and preparedness regulations that are typically promulgated through the International Maritime Organization (IMO) and implemented by the relevant ﬂag state authorities. The International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships (Marpol 73/78) requires vessels to have detailed ship-board emergency and spill prevention plans. The International Convention on Oil Pollution, Preparedness, Response and Co-operation requires vessels to have adequate spill response plans and resources for response anywhere the vessel travels. These conventions and separate Marine Environmental Protection Circulars also stipulate the relevant state authorities around the globe that require engagement in the event of a spill. All these requirements together are addressed by the vessel owners in Shipboard Oil Pollution Emergency Plans. BP Shipping’s liabilities for oil pollution damage under the OPA 90 and outside the US under the 1969/1992 International Convention on Civil Liability for Oil Pollution Damage are covered by marine liability insurance, having a maximum limit of $1 billion for each accident or occurrence. This insurance cover is provided by three mutual insurance associations (P&I Clubs): The United Kingdom Steam Ship Assurance Association (Bermuda) Limited, The Britannia Steam Ship Insurance Association Limited and The Standard Steamship Owners’ Protection and Indemnity Association (Bermuda) Limited. With effect from 20 February 2006, two new complementary voluntary oil pollution compensation schemes were introduced by tanker owners, supported by their P&I Clubs, with the agreement of the International Oil Pollution Compensation Fund at the IMO. Pursuant to both these schemes, tanker owners will voluntarily assume a greater liability for oil pollution compensation in the event of a spill of persistent oil than is provided for in CLC. The ﬁrst scheme, The Small Tanker Owners’ Pollution Indemniﬁcation Agreement (STOPIA), provides for a minimum liability of 20 million Special Drawing Rights (around $29 million) for a ship at or below 29,548 gross tons, while the second scheme, The Tanker Owners’ Pollution Indemniﬁcation Agreement (TOPIA), provides for the tanker owner to take a 50% stake in the 2003 Supplementary Fund, i.e. an additional liability of up to 273.5 million Special Drawing Rights (around $406 million). Both STOPIA and TOPIA will only apply to tankers whose owners are party to these agreements and who have entered their ships with P&I Clubs in the International Group of P&I Clubs, so beneﬁting from those Clubs’ pooling and reinsurance arrangements. All BP Shipping’s managed and time-chartered vessels will participate in STOPIA and TOPIA. At the end of 2006, the international ﬂeet we managed numbered 47 oil and product carriers, all double-hulled with an average age of less than three years, seven LNG ships with an average age of nine years and three LPG ships, which are all less than one year old. The international ﬂeet renewal programme will continue and is expected to see one more LPG ship being delivered in mid-2007 and four new LNG ships being delivered between mid-2007 and the end of 2008. In addition to its own ﬂeet, BP will continue to charter quality ships; currently these vessels include both single- and double-hulled designs, but BP Shipping is accelerating the phase-in of only double-hulled vessels by 2008; all vessels will continue to be vetted prior to each use in accordance with the BP group ship vetting policy. US regional review The following is a summary of signiﬁcant US environmental issues and legislation affecting the group. The Clean Air Act and its regulations require, among other things, stringent air emission limits and operating permits for chemicals plants, reﬁneries, marine and distribution terminals; stricter fuel speciﬁcations and sulphur reductions; enhanced monitoring of major sources of speciﬁed pollutants; and risk management plans for storage of hazardous substances. This law affects BP facilities producing, reﬁning, manufacturing and distributing oil and products as well as the fuels themselves. Federal and state controls on ozone, particulate matter, carbon monoxide, benzene, sulphur, MTBE, nitrogen dioxide, oxygenates and Reid Vapor Pressure affect BP’s activities and products in the US. BP is continually adapting its business to these rules and has the know-how to produce quality and competitive products in compliance with their requirements. Beginning January 2006, all gasoline produced by BP was subject to the EPA’s stringent low-sulphur standards. Furthermore, by June 2006, at least 80% of the highway diesel fuel produced each year by BP was required to meet a sulphur cap of 15 parts per million (ppm) and then 100% beginning January 2010. By June 2007, all non-road diesel fuel production will have to meet a sulphur cap of 500ppm and then 15ppm by June 2012. The Energy Policy Act of 2005 also required several changes to the US fuels market with the following fuel provisions: elimination of the Federal Reformulated Gasoline (RFG) oxygen requirement in May 2006; establishment of a renewable fuels mandate – 4 billion gallons in 2006, increasing to 7.5 billion in 2012; consolidation of the summertime RFG Volatile organic compound (VOC) standards for Region 1 and 2; provision to allow the Ozone Transport Commission states on the east coast to opt any area into RFG; and a provision to allow states to repeal the 1psi Reid Vapor Pressure waiver for 10% ethanol blends. In 2001, BP entered into a consent decree with the EPA and several states that settled alleged violations of various Clean Air Act requirements related largely to emissions of sulphur dioxide and nitrogen oxides at BP’s reﬁneries. Implementation of the decree’s requirements continues. The Clean Water Act is designed to protect and enhance the quality of US surface waters by regulating the discharge of wastewater and other discharges from both onshore and offshore operations. Facilities are required to obtain permits for most surface water discharges, install control equipment and implement operational controls and preventative measures, including spill prevention and control plans. Requirements under the Clean Water Act have become more stringent in recent years, including coverage of storm and surface water discharges at many more facilities and increased control of toxic discharges. New regulations are expected over the next several years that could require, for example, additional wastewater treatment systems at some facilities. The Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) regulates the storage, handling, treatment, transportation and disposal of hazardous and non-hazardous wastes. It also requires the investigation and remediation of certain locations at a facility where such wastes have been handled, released or disposed of. BP facilities generate and handle a number of wastes regulated by RCRA and have units that have been used for the storage, handling or disposal of RCRA wastes that are subject to investigation and corrective action. Under the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (also known as CERCLA or Superfund), waste generators, site owners, facility operators and certain other parties are strictly liable for part or all of the cost of addressing sites contaminated by spills or waste disposal regardless of fault or the amount of waste sent to a site. Additionally, each state has laws similar to CERCLA. BP has been identiﬁed as a Potentially Responsible Party (PRP) under CERCLA or otherwise named under similar state statutes at approximately 800 sites. A PRP or named party can incur joint and several liability for site remediation costs under some of these statutes and so BP may be required to assume, among other costs, the share attributed to insolvent, unidentiﬁed or other parties. BP has the most signiﬁcant exposure for remediation costs at 60 of these sites. For the remaining sites, the number of parties can range up to 200 or more. BP expects its share of remediation costs at these sites to be small in comparison with the major sites. BP has estimated its potential exposure at all sites where it has been identiﬁed as a PRP or is otherwise named and has established provisions accordingly. BP does not anticipate that its ultimate exposure at these sites individually, or in aggregate, will be signiﬁcant, except as reported for Atlantic Richﬁeld Company in the matters below. The US and the State of Montana seek to hold Atlantic Richﬁeld Company liable for environmental remediation, related costs and natural resource damages arising out of mining-related activities by Atlantic Richﬁeld’s predecessors in the upper Clark Fork River Basin (the basin). The estimated future cost of performing selected and proposed remedies in certain areas in the basin are likely to exceed $350 million. Federal and state trustees also seek to recover damages for alleged injuries to natural resources in the basin. In 1999, Atlantic Richﬁeld settled most of the State’s claims for damages, as well as all natural resource damage claims asserted by a local Native American tribe. However, the parties have not resolved the claims for natural resource damages on certain federal land or the State’s remaining claims for restoration damages. Past settlements among the parties, including consent decree settlements providing for combined remediation and restoration projects in limited areas of the basin, may provide a framework for future settlement of the remaining claims. Atlantic Richﬁeld Company has asserted defences to the remaining claims and has asserted counterclaims. The group is also subject to other claims for natural resource damages (NRD) under CERCLA, OPA 90, and other federal and state laws. NRD claims have been asserted by government trustees against a number of group operations. This is a developing area of the law that could affect the cost of addressing environmental conditions at some sites in the future. In the US, many environmental clean-ups are the result of strict groundwater protection standards at both the state and federal level. Contamination or the threat of contamination of current or potential drinking water resources can result in stringent clean-up requirements even if the water is not being used for drinking water. Some states have even addressed contamination of non-potable water resources using similarly strict standards. BP has encouraged risk-based approaches to these issues and seeks to tailor remedies at its facilities to match the level of risk presented by the contamination. Other signiﬁcant legislation includes the Toxic Substances Control Act, which regulates the development, testing, import, export and introduction of new chemical products into commerce; the Occupational Safety and Health Act, which imposes workplace safety and health, training and process requirements to reduce the risks of physical and chemical hazards and injury to employees; and the Emergency Planning and Community Right-to-Know Act, which requires emergency planning and spill notiﬁcation as well as public disclosure of chemical usage and emissions. In addition, the US Department of Transportation, through the Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration, regulates in a comprehensive manner the transportation of the group’s petroleum products such as crude oil, gasoline and chemicals to protect the health and safety of the public. BP is subject to the Marine Transportation Security Act and the Department of Transportation Hazardous Materials security compliance regulations in the US. These regulations require many of our US businesses to conduct security vulnerability assessments and prepare security mitigation plans that require the implementation of upgrades to security measures, the appointment and training of designated security personnel and the submission of plans for approval and inspection by government agencies. BP has a national spill response team, the BP Americas Response Team (BART), consisting of approximately 250 trained emergency responders at group locations throughout North America. Supporting the BART are ﬁve Regional Response Incident Management Teams and seven HAZMAT Strike Teams. Collectively, these teams are ready to assist in a response to a major incident. See also Legal proceedings on page 85. European Union regional review Within the EU, European Community directives are proposed by the European Commission (EC) and usually adopted jointly by the European Parliament and the Council of Ministers. They must then be implemented by each EU member state. Less frequently in the ﬁeld of environment, EC regulations are adopted that apply directly throughout the EU without the need for member state implementation. When implementing EU legislation, member states must ensure that penalties for non-compliance BP Annual Report and Accounts 2006 45 are effective, proportionate and dissuasive, and must usually designate a ‘competent authority’ (regulatory body) for implementation. Where the EC believes that a member state has failed fully and correctly to transpose and implement EU legislation, it can take the member state to the European Court of Justice, which can order the member state to comply and in certain cases can impose monetary penalties on the member state. A few non-EU states may also agree to apply EU environmental legislation, in particular under the framework of the European Economic Area agreement. An EC directive for a system of integrated pollution prevention and control (IPPC) was adopted in 1996. This system requires certain industrial installations – including most activities and processes undertaken by the oil and petrochemicals industry within the EU – to obtain an IPPC permit, which is designed to address an installation’s environmental impacts, air emissions, water discharges and waste in a comprehensive fashion. The permit requires, among other things, the application of Best Available Techniques (BAT), taking into account the costs and beneﬁts, unless an applicable environmental quality standard requires more stringent restrictions, and an assessment of existing environmental impacts and future site closure obligations. All such plants must apply for and obtain such a permit by November 2007. Compliance requires capital and revenue expenditure across BP sites. The EC has embarked upon a process of review that is likely to report in 2007 and to result in recommendations for amendments to the IPPC directive. The EC Large Combustion Plant Directive was adopted in 1988 and subsequently replaced by a new Large Combustion Plant Directive in 2001. The current LCPD imposes a complex range of controls on emissions of sulphur dioxide, nitrogen oxides and particulates from large combustion plants. The nature and stringency of these controls for a particular plant depend principally on its age. Plants permitted between 1987 and 2002 had a requirement for speciﬁc emission limit values by 27 November 2002. Plants permitted since then must meet more stringent emission limit values. Plants permitted prior to 1987 must also meet emission limit values unless they have ‘opted out’ (in which case they must now close after 20,000 hours of further operation starting from 1 January 2008 and ending no later than 31 December 2015) or will participate in a National Emission Reduction Plan designed to deliver equivalent aggregate emission reductions. The second important set of air quality-related legislation affecting BP European operations is the Air Quality Framework Directive on ambient air quality assessment and management and its daughter Directives, which prescribe, among other things, ambient limit values for sulphur dioxide, oxides of nitrogen, particulate matter, lead, carbon monoxide, ozone, cadmium, arsenic, nickel, mercury and polyaromatic hydrocarbons. If the concentration of a pollutant exceeds air quality limit values plus a margin of tolerance set under a daughter Directive (or there is a risk of such exceedance), a member state is required to take action to reduce emissions. This may affect any BP operations whose emissions contribute to such exceedances. In 2005, the EC published its Thematic Strategy on Air Pollution – a key part of the ‘Clean Air for Europe’ (CAFE´ ) programme – and an accompanying proposed directive to consolidate the existing ambient air quality legislation referred to above and to introduce new controls on the concentration of ﬁne particles (PM 2.5 – particulate matter less than 2.5 microns diameter) in ambient air. The Thematic Strategy outlines EU-wide objectives to reduce the health and environmental impacts of air quality and a wide range of measures to be taken. These measures include: the ambient air quality proposal mentioned above; revisions to the National Emissions Ceilings Directive; new emission limits for light and heavy duty diesel vehicles; new controls on smaller combustion plant; and further control of evaporative losses from vehicle refuelling at service stations. The EU has set stringent objectives to control exhaust emissions from vehicles, which are being implemented in stages. Maximum sulphur levels for gasoline and diesel of 50ppm and a 35% maximum aromatic content for gasoline were both agreed to apply from 2005. Agreement was reached in December 2002 on a further directive to make petrol and diesel with a maximum sulphur content of 10ppm mandatory throughout the EU from January 2009, and from 2005, member states will also have to supply low-sulphur fuel at enough locations to allow the circulation of new low-emission engines requiring the cleaner fuel. Further measures on sulphur levels of shipping fuels and/or reduction of emissions using 46 such fuels started to take effect during 2006. Restrictions and measures include sulphur levels in fuels of 0.1% for inland vessels by January 2010 and 1.5% for passenger ships by 19 August 2006. The chief impact on BP is likely to arise from installation of ﬂue gas desulphurization on ships and higher cost fuel. The overall impact is not expected to be material to the group’s results of operations or ﬁnancial position. A new EC programme for European chemical regulation – REACH (Registration, Evaluation and Authorization of Chemicals) will come into force on 1 June 2007. All chemical substances manufactured or imported in the EU above 1 tonne per annum (about 30,000) will require a new pre- registration within the following 18 months and a registration within a 3- to 11-year time-phased period from adoption. The actual date depends on volume bands or classiﬁcation with high volumes and hazardous substances ﬁrst. Only time-limited authorizations will be given to substances of ‘high concern’. A new European Chemical Agency will be established in Helsinki by mid-2008. Crude oil and natural gas are exempt. Fuels will be exempted from authorization but not registration. For BP, REACH will affect all reﬁning petroleum products, petrochemicals, lubricants and other chemicals. An initial estimate suggests costs of about $60,000 each for the internal preparation, pre-registration and registration of nearly 1,000 entities representing manufactured or imported substances or imported preparations for all BP individual entities obligated under REACH. Additional costs for further submission to authorization for relevant substances and the modiﬁcation of safety data sheets will have to be assessed as further costs once the ﬁnal regulation is known. The EC adopted a Directive on Environmental Liability on 21 April 2004. From 30 April 2007, member states must usually require the operators of activities that cause signiﬁcant damage to water, ecological resources or land after that date to undertake restoration of that damage. Provision is also made for reporting and tackling imminent threats of such damage. The regime is more stringent for operators of speciﬁed higher-risk activities, including IPPC-permitted operations. Member states are considering how to implement the regime. During 2007, the commission is expected to release a communication on Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS), setting out guidelines for the technology and its regulation. The intention of the communication is in part to identify regulatory barriers that may restrict CCS technologies, so that those barriers can be appropriately addressed, and to identify common methodologies to be implemented across EU member states. Other environment-related existing regulations that may have an impact on BP’s operations include: the Major Hazards Directive which, for the sites to which it applies, requires emergency planning, public disclosure of emergency plans and ensuring that hazards are assessed and effective emergency management systems are in place; the Water Framework Directive, which includes protection of surface waters and groundwater; and the Waste Framework Directive. The Water Framework Directive requires member states to develop ‘programmes of measures’ and start implementing them by 2012, the principal objective being to ensure that all water bodies covered by the directive attain at least ‘good quality’ by 2015. For an individual plant which, for instance, abstracts water or discharges efﬂuent into water, the implications of the directive will depend on local circumstances (including the extent to which the activity might prejudice attaining ‘good quality’ for a water body) and on the individual member state’s approach to developing and implementing the relevant programme of measures. The Water Framework Directive also draws together and provides for the replacement (with new directives) of a number of other directives relating to water quality, such as those on groundwater and discharge of dangerous substances. The Waste Framework Directive requires member states to operate a permitting regime for waste disposal and recovery and to ensure that waste is recovered or disposed without endangering human health and without using processes or methods that could harm the environment. A European Court of Justice ruling in 2004 (Van de Walle) interpreted these requirements widely, in a way that raised potentially signiﬁcant implications for soil and groundwater contamination; however, a proposed revision to the directive that is currently making its way through the EU legislative process would, if adopted in its current form, potentially pave the way for mitigating this position by excluding from the directive unexcavated soil covered by other EU legislation. In 2005, the EC published a proposed EC Marine Strategy Directive, which would adopt an approach akin to that in the Water Framework Directive by requiring achievement of ‘good environmental status’ for marine waters by 2021 through the implementation of programmes of measures. In 2006, the EC published a proposed Soil Framework Directive that, as currently drafted, would encompass all soils, not just those for agricultural uses. If adopted in its current form, the directive would require member states to develop, over time, a register of ‘contaminated sites’ and to require their remediation so that they do not pose signiﬁcant risks to human health or the environment. Unlike the Environmental Liability Directive, this is intended to apply to historic as well as new contamination. Member states may well need to carry out or require intrusive site investigations in order to establish whether particular sites are ‘contaminated sites’; coupled with a requirement (which will be new for some member states) for site investigations to be carried out on any sale of land that may be contaminated, this could lead to the crystallization of liabilities for BP in respect of its current or former operational and other land holdings, if any such land is found to be contaminated. Property, plants and equipment BP has freehold and leasehold interests in real estate in numerous countries throughout the world, but no individual property is signiﬁcant to the group as a whole. See Exploration and Production on page 16 for a description of the group’s signiﬁcant reserves and sources of crude oil and natural gas. Signiﬁcant plans to construct, expand or improve speciﬁc facilities are described under each of the business headings within this section. Organizational structure The signiﬁcant subsidiaries of the group at 31 December 2006 and the group percentage of ordinary share capital (to nearest whole number) are set out in Financial statements – Note 50 on page 171. See Financial statements – Notes 29, 30 and 55 on pages 136, 137 and 195 respectively for information on signiﬁcant jointly controlled entities and associates of the group. Financial and operating performance Group operating results The following summarizes the group’s operating results. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ $ million except per share amounts ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Sales and other operating revenues from continuing operationsa Proﬁt from continuing operationsa Proﬁt for the year Proﬁt for the year attributable to BP shareholders Proﬁt attributable to BP shareholders per ordinary share – cents Dividends paid per ordinary share – cents 2006 2005 2004 265,906 22,311 22,286 22,000 109.84 38.40 239,792 22,448 22,632 22,341 105.74 34.85 192,024 17,884 17,262 17,075 78.24 27.70 a Excludes Innovene, which was treated as a discontinued operation in accordance with IFRS 5 ‘Non-current Assets Held for Sale and Discontinued Operations’. See Financial statements – Note 5 on page 111. Business environment The business environment in 2006 was mixed compared with 2005, but still robust in comparison with historical averages. Crude oil and UK natural gas prices increased, while US natural gas prices and global reﬁning margins fell. In 2005, the dated Brent price averaged $54.48 per barrel, an increase of more than $16 per barrel above the $38.27 per barrel average seen in 2004, and varied between $38.21 and $67.33 per barrel. Hurricanes Katrina and Rita severely disrupted oil and gas production in the Gulf of Mexico for an extended period but supply availability was maintained. Crude oil prices reached record highs in 2006 in nominal terms, driven Natural gas prices in the US were also higher during 2005 than in 2004 by low surplus oil production capacity, continued demand growth and concern about vulnerability of supply. The dated Brent price averaged $65.14 per barrel, an increase of more than $10 per barrel over the $54.48 per barrel average seen in 2005, and varied between $78.69 and $55.89 per barrel. Prices peaked in early August before retreating in the face of a mild hurricane season and rising inventories. OPEC action late in the year helped support prices. Natural gas prices in the US declined in 2006 but remained well above historical averages. The Henry Hub First of the Month Index averaged $7.24 per mmBtu, $1.41 per mmBtu below the 2005 average of $8.65 per mmBtu. Rising production and weak consumption resulted in above- average inventories, depressing gas prices relative to crude oil. UK gas prices rose slightly in 2006, averaging 42.19 pence per therm at the National Balancing Point, compared with a 2005 average of 40.71 pence per therm. Reﬁning margins were only slightly lower in 2006, with the BP Global Indicator Margin (GIM) averaging $8.39 per barrel. This reﬂected further oil demand growth, lingering effects on US reﬁnery production from the 2005 hurricanes and gasoline formulation changes in several US states. The premium for light products over fuel oils remained exceptionally high, favouring upgraded reﬁneries over less complex sites. Retail margins improved slightly in 2006, beneﬁting from a decline in the cost of product during the second half of the year, despite intense competition. The business environment in 2005 was stronger than in 2004, with higher oil and gas realizations and higher reﬁning and oleﬁns margins but lower retail marketing margins. in the face of rising oil prices and hurricane-induced production losses. In 2005, the Henry Hub First of the Month Index averaged $8.65 per mmBtu, up by around $2.50 per mmBtu compared with the 2004 average of $6.13 per mmBtu. High gas prices in 2005 stimulated a fall in demand, especially in the industrial sector. UK gas prices were up strongly in 2005, averaging 40.71 pence per therm at the National Balancing Point, compared with a 2004 average of 24.39 pence per therm. Reﬁning margins also reached record highs in 2005, with the BP GIM averaging $8.60 per barrel. This reﬂected further oil demand growth and the loss of reﬁning capacity as a result of the US hurricanes. The premium for light products above fuel oils remained exceptionally high, favouring upgraded reﬁneries over less complex sites. Retail margins weakened in 2005 as rising product prices and price volatility made their impact felt in a competitive marketplace. Hydrocarbon production Hydrocarbon production for subsidiaries decreased by 3.3% in 2006 reﬂecting a decrease of 5.1% for liquids and a decrease of 1.3% for natural gas. Increases in production in our new proﬁt centres were offset by anticipated decline in our existing proﬁt centres and the effect of disposals. Hydrocarbon production for equity-accounted entities increased by 0.1%, reﬂecting a decrease of 1.3% for liquids and an increase of 10.2% for natural gas. Hydrocarbon production for subsidiaries decreased by 2.8% in 2005 compared with 2004, reﬂecting a decrease of 3.9% for liquids and a decrease of 1.5% for natural gas. Increases in production in our new proﬁt centres were more than offset by the effect of hurricanes, higher BP Annual Report and Accounts 2006 47 planned maintenance shutdowns and anticipated decline in our existing proﬁt centres. Hydrocarbon production for equity-accounted entities increased by 7.8%, reﬂecting an increase of 8.4% for liquids and an increase of 3.8% for natural gas. This increase primarily reﬂects increased production from TNK-BP. Sales and other operating revenues The increase in sales and other operating revenues (before the elimination of sales between businesses) for 2006 included approximately $39 billion from higher prices related to marketing and other sales (spot and term contracts, oil and gas realizations and other sales), partially offset by a net decrease of approximately $15 billion from lower volumes of marketing and other sales and a decrease of around $1 billion related to lower production volumes of subsidiaries. The increase in sales and other operating revenues (before the elimination of sales between businesses) for 2005 included approximately $67 billion from higher prices related to marketing and other sales (spot and term contracts, oil and gas realizations and other sales) and $1 billion from foreign exchange movements due to sales in local currencies being translated into the US dollar. This was partially offset by a net decrease of approximately $11 billion from lower volumes of marketing and other sales and a decrease of around $1 billion related to lower production volumes of subsidiaries. Proﬁt attributable to BP shareholders Proﬁt attributable to BP shareholders for the year ended 31 December 2006 was $22,000 million, after inventory holding losses of $253 million. Inventory holding gains or losses represent the difference between the cost of sales calculated using the average cost of supplies incurred during the year and the cost of sales calculated using the ﬁrst-in ﬁrst-out method. Proﬁt attributable to BP shareholders for the year ended 31 December 2005 was $22,341 million, including inventory holding gains of $3,027 million, and proﬁt attributable to BP shareholders for the year ended 31 December 2004 was $17,075 million, including inventory holdings gains of $1,643 million. The proﬁt attributable to BP shareholders for the year ended 31 December 2006 included losses from Innovene operations of $25 million, compared with a proﬁt of $184 million and a loss of $622 million in the years ended 31 December 2005 and 31 December 2004 respectively. The loss/proﬁt from Innovene for the years 2006 and 2005 included losses on remeasurement to fair value of $184 million and $591 million respectively. Financial statements – Note 5 on page 111 provides further ﬁnancial information for Innovene. Proﬁt attributable to BP shareholders for the year ended 31 December 2006: – Included net gains of $2,114 million on the sales of assets, net fair value gains of $515 million on embedded derivatives (these embedded derivatives are fair valued at each period end with the resulting gains or losses taken to the income statement) and a net impairment credit of $203 million and was after charges for legal provisions of $335 million in Exploration and Production; – Included net disposal gains of $884 million and was after a charge of $925 million as a result of the ongoing review of fatality and personal injury compensation claims associated with the March 2005 incident at the Texas City reﬁnery, an impairment charge of $155 million, a charge of $155 million in respect of a donation to the BP Foundation and a charge of $33 million relating to new, and revisions to existing, environmental and other provisions in Reﬁning and Marketing; – Included net disposal gains of $193 million and net fair value gains of $88 million on embedded derivatives and was after a charge $100 million for the impairment of a North American NGLs asset in the Gas, Power and Renewables segment; and – Included a credit of $94 million in relation to new, and revisions to existing, environmental and other provisions, a net gain on disposal of $95 million and net fair value gains of $5 million on embedded derivatives, and was after a charge of $200 million relating to the reassessment of certain provisions and an impairment charge of $69 million in Other businesses and corporate. 48 Proﬁt attributable to BP shareholders for the year ended 31 December 2005: – Included net gains of $1,159 million on the sales of assets, primarily from our interest in the Ormen Lange ﬁeld, and was after net fair value losses of $1,688 million on embedded derivatives, an impairment charge of $226 million in respect of ﬁelds in the Gulf of Mexico and a charge for impairment of $40 million relating to ﬁelds in the UK North Sea in Exploration and Production; – Included net gains of $177 million, principally on the divestment of a number of regional retail networks in the US and was after a charge of $700 million in respect of fatality and personal injury compensation claims associated with the March 2005 incident at the Texas City reﬁnery a charge of $140 million relating to new, and revisions to existing, environmental and other provisions, an impairment charge of $93 million and a charge of $33 million for the impairment of an equity- accounted entity in Reﬁning and Marketing; – Included net gains of $55 million primarily on the disposal of BP’s interest in the Interconnector pipeline and a power plant in the UK and was after net fair value losses of $346 million on embedded derivatives and a credit of $6 million related to new, and revisions to existing, environmental and other provisions in the Gas, Power and Renewables segment; and – Included net gains on disposal of $38 million, and was after a net charge of $278 million related to new, and revisions to existing, environmental and other provisions and the reversal of environmental provisions no longer required, a charge of $134 million relating to the separation of the Oleﬁns and Derivatives business and net fair value losses of $13 million on embedded derivatives in Other businesses and corporate. Proﬁt attributable to BP shareholders for the year ended 31 December 2004: – Was after an impairment charge of $267 million in respect of ﬁelds in the deepwater Gulf of Mexico and US onshore, an impairment charge of $108 million in respect of a gas processing plant in the US and a ﬁeld in the Gulf of Mexico Shelf, an impairment charge of $60 million in respect of the partner-operated Temsah platform in Egypt following a blow-out, a net loss on disposal of $65 million, a charge of $35 million in respect of Alaskan tankers that were no longer required and, in addition, following the lapse of the sale agreement for oil and gas properties in Venezuela, $31 million of the previously booked impairment was reversed in Exploration and Production; – Was after net losses on disposal of $267 million, a charge of $206 million related to new, and revisions to existing, environmental and other provisions, a charge of $195 million for the impairment of the petrochemicals facilities at Hull, UK, and a charge of $32 million for restructuring, integration and rationalization in Reﬁning and Marketing; – Included net gains on disposal of $56 million in the Gas, Power and Renewables segment; and – Included net gains on disposal of $949 million primarily related to the sale of our interests in PetroChina and Sinopec and a credit of $66 million primarily resulting from the reversal of vacant space provisions in the UK and the US, and was after a charge of $283 million related to new, and revisions to existing, environmental and other provisions and a charge of $102 million relating to the separation of the Oleﬁns and Derivatives business in Other businesses and corporate. (See Environmental expenditure on page 54 for more information on environmental charges.) The primary additional factors reﬂected in proﬁt attributable to BP shareholders for the year ended 31 December 2006 compared with a year ago were higher oil realizations, higher retail margins (although this was partially offset by a deterioration in other marketing margins), higher reﬁning margins, including the beneﬁt of supply optimization, and higher contributions from the operating businesses in the Gas, Power and Renewables segment, offset by the ongoing impact following the Texas City reﬁnery shutdown, lower gas realizations, lower production volumes, higher costs and volatility arising under IFRS fair value accounting. The primary additional factors reﬂected in proﬁt attributable to BP shareholders for the year ended 31 December 2005 compared with 2004 were higher liquids and gas realizations, higher reﬁning margins and higher contributions from the operating business within the Gas, Power and Renewables segment, partially offset by lower retail marketing margins, higher costs (including the Thunder Horse incident, the Texas City reﬁnery shutdown and planned restructuring actions) and signiﬁcant volatility arising under IFRS fair value accounting. Proﬁts and margins for the group and for individual business segments can vary signiﬁcantly from period to period as a result of changes in such factors as oil prices, natural gas prices and reﬁning margins. Accordingly, the results for the current and prior periods do not necessarily reﬂect trends, nor do they provide indicators of results for future periods. Employee numbers were approximately 97,000 at 31 December 2006, 96,200 at 31 December 2005 and 102,900 at 31 December 2004. The decrease in 2005 resulted primarily from the sale of Innovene. Capital expenditure and acquisitions ----- -------- -------- --------- -------- -------- --------- -------- -------- -- ------ -------- --------- -------- -------- --------- ------ -- -------- --------- $ million ----- -------- -------- --------- -------- -------- --------- -------- -------- -- ------ -------- --------- -------- -------- --------- ------ -- -------- --------- 2005 2004 Exploration and Production Reﬁning and Marketing Gas, Power and Renewables Other businesses and corporate Capital expenditure Acquisitions and asset exchanges Disposals Net investment ----- -------- -------- --------- -------- -------- --------- -------- -------- -- ------ -------- --------- -------- -------- --------- ------ -- -------- --------- ----- -------- -------- --------- -------- -------- --------- -------- -------- -- ------ -------- --------- -------- -------- --------- ------ -- -------- --------- ----- -------- -------- --------- -------- -------- --------- -------- -------- -- ------ -------- --------- -------- -------- --------- ------ -- -------- --------- 2006 13,075 3,122 432 281 16,910 321 17,231 (6,254) 10,977 10,149 2,757 235 797 13,938 211 14,149 (11,200) 2,949 9,648 2,862 530 770 13,810 2,841 16,651 (4,961) 11,690 Capital expenditure and acquisitions in 2006, 2005 and 2004 amounted to $17,231 million, $14,149 million and $16,651 million respectively. There were no signiﬁcant acquisitions in 2006 or 2005. Acquisitions during 2004 included $1,354 million for including TNK’s interest in Slavneft within TNK-BP and $1,355 million for the acquisition of Solvay’s interests in BP Solvay Polyethylene Europe and BP Solvay Polyethylene North America. Excluding acquisitions and asset exchanges, capital expenditure for 2006 was $16,910 million compared with $13,938 million in 2005 and $13,810 million in 2004. In 2006, this included $1 billion in respect of our investment in Rosneft. Finance costs and other ﬁnance expense Finance costs comprises group interest less amounts capitalized. Finance costs for continuing operations in 2006 were $718 million compared with $616 million in 2005 and $440 million in 2004. These amounts included a charge of $57 million arising from early redemption of ﬁnance leases in 2005. The charge in 2006 reﬂected higher interest rates and costs, offset by an increase in capitalized interest compared with 2005. Compared with 2004, the charge for 2005 also reﬂected higher interest rates and costs offset by an increase in capitalized interest. Other ﬁnance expense included net pension ﬁnance costs, the interest accretion on provisions and the interest accretion on the deferred consideration for the acquisition of our investment in TNK-BP. Other ﬁnance expense for continuing operations in 2006 was a credit of $202 million compared with charges of $145 million in 2005 and $340 million in 2004. The decrease in 2006 compared with 2005 primarily reﬂected a reduction in net pension ﬁnance costs owing to a higher return on pension assets due to the increased market value of the pension asset base. The decrease in 2005 compared with 2004 primarily reﬂected a reduction in net pension ﬁnance costs. This was primarily due to a higher expected return on investment driven by a higher pension fund asset value at the start of 2005 compared with the start of 2004, while the expected long-term rate of return was similar. Taxation The charge for corporate taxes for continuing operations in 2006 was $12,331 million, compared with $9,473 million in 2005 and $7,082 million in 2004. The effective rate was 36% in 2006, 30% in 2005 and 28% in 2004. The increase in the effective rate in 2006 compared with 2005 primarily reﬂected the impact of the increase in the North Sea tax rate enacted by the UK government in July 2006 and the absence of non-recurring beneﬁts that were present in 2005. The increase in the effective rate in 2005 compared with 2004 was primarily due to a higher proportion of income in countries bearing higher tax rates, and other factors. BP Annual Report and Accounts 2006 49 Business results Proﬁt before interest and taxation from continuing operations, which is before ﬁnance costs, other ﬁnance expense, taxation and minority interests, was $35,158 million in 2006, $32,682 million in 2005 and $25,746 million in 2004. Exploration and Production ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ $ million ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 2006 2005 2004 52,600 29,629 1,045 624 47,210 25,502 684 305 34,700 18,085 637 274 $ per barrel Sales and other operating revenues from continuing operations Proﬁt before interest and tax from continuing operationsa Results include Exploration expense Of which: Exploration expenditure written off Key statistics Average BP crude oil realizationsb ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ UK USA Rest of World BP average Average BP NGL realizationsb UK USA Rest of World BP average Average BP liquids realizationsb c UK USA Rest of World BP average 62.45 62.03 61.11 61.91 47.21 36.13 36.03 37.17 61.67 57.25 59.54 59.23 51.22 50.98 48.32 50.27 37.95 31.94 35.11 33.23 50.45 47.83 47.56 48.51 36.11 37.40 34.99 36.45 31.79 25.67 27.76 26.75 35.87 35.41 34.51 35.39 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ $ per thousand cubic feet Average BP natural gas realizationsb UK USA Rest of World BP average 6.33 5.74 3.70 4.72 5.53 6.78 3.46 4.90 4.32 5.11 2.74 3.86 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ $ per barrel 66.02 63.57 65.14 56.58 53.55 54.48 41.49 38.96 38.27 7.24 8.65 6.13 $/mmBtu mb/d mmcf/d mboe/d 1,351 1,124 1,423 1,139 1,480 1,051 7,412 1,005 7,512 912 7,624 879 2,629 1,297 2,718 1,296 2,795 1,202 Average West Texas Intermediate oil price Alaska North Slope US West Coast Average Brent oil price Average Henry Hub gas priced Total liquids production for subsidiariesc e Total liquids production for equity-accounted entitiesc e Natural gas production for subsidiariese Natural gas production for equity-accounted entitiese Total production for subsidiariese f Total production for equity-accounted entitiese f ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ a Includes profit after interest and tax of equity-accounted entities. b The Exploration and Production business does not undertake any hedging activity. Consequently, realizations reflect the market price achieved. c Crude oil and natural gas liquids. d Henry Hub First of Month Index. e Net of royalties. f Expressed in thousands of barrels of oil equivalent per day (mboe/d). Natural gas is converted to oil equivalent at 5.8 billion cubic feet = 1 million barrels. Sales and other operating revenues for 2006 were $53 billion, compared with $47 billion in 2005 and $35 billion in 2004. The increase in 2006 primarily reﬂected an increase of around $6 billion related to higher liquids and gas realizations, partially offset by a decrease of around $1 billion due to lower volumes of subsidiaries. The increase in 2005 primarily reﬂected an increase of around $13 billion related to higher liquids and gas realizations, partially offset by a decrease of around $1 billion due to slightly lower volumes of subsidiaries. Proﬁt before interest and tax for the year ended 31 December 2006 was $29,629 million, including net gains of $2,114 million on the sales of assets (primarily gains from the sales of our interest in the Shenzi discovery in the Gulf of Mexico in the US and interests in the North Sea offset by a loss on the sale of properties in the Gulf of Mexico shelf), net fair value gains of $515 million on embedded derivatives (these embedded derivatives are fair valued at each period end with the resulting gains or losses taken to the income statement) and a net impairment credit of $203 million (comprised of a $340 million credit for reversals of previously booked impairments partially offset by a charge of $109 million against intangible assets relating to properties in Alaska, and other 50 individually insigniﬁcant impairments), and was after inventory holding losses of $18 million and charges for legal provisions of $335 million. Proﬁt before interest and tax for the year ended 31 December 2005 was $25,502 million, including inventory holding gains of $17 million and net gains of $1,159 million on the sales of assets, primarily from our interest in the Ormen Lange ﬁeld in Norway, and was after net fair value losses of $1,688 million on embedded derivatives, an impairment charge of $226 million in respect of ﬁelds in the Gulf of Mexico, a charge for impairment of $40 million relating to ﬁelds in the UK North Sea and a charge of $265 million on the cancellation of an intra-group gas supply contract. Proﬁt before interest and tax for the year ended 31 December 2004 was $18,085 million, including inventory holding gains of $10 million, and was after an impairment charge of $267 million in respect of ﬁelds in the deepwater Gulf of Mexico and US onshore, an impairment charge of $108 million in respect of a gas processing plant in the US and a ﬁeld in the Gulf of Mexico shelf, an impairment charge of $60 million in respect of the partner-operated Temsah platform in Egypt following a blow-out, a net loss on disposal of $65 million and a charge of $35 million in respect of Alaskan tankers that were no longer required. In addition, following the lapse of the sale agreement for oil and gas properties in Venezuela, $31 million of the previously booked impairment was reversed. The primary additional factors reﬂected in proﬁt before interest and tax for the year ended 31 December 2006 compared with the year ended 31 December 2005 were higher overall realizations contributing around $5,050 million (liquids realizations were higher and gas realizations were lower), partially offset by decreases of around $1,825 million due to lower reported volumes, $350 million due to higher production taxes and $1,950 million due higher costs, reﬂecting the impacts of sector-speciﬁc inﬂation, increased integrity spend and revenue investments. Additionally, BP’s share of the TNK-BP result was higher by around $500 million, primarily reﬂecting higher disposal gains. The primary additional factors reﬂected in proﬁt before interest and tax for the year ended 31 December 2005 compared with the year ended 31 December 2004 were higher liquids and gas realizations contributing around $10,100 million and around $400 million from higher volumes (in areas not affected by hurricanes), partially offset by a decrease of around $900 million due to the hurricane impact on volumes, costs associated with hurricane repairs and Thunder Horse of around $200 million and higher operating and revenue investment costs of around $1,700 million. Total production for 2006 was 2,629mboe/d for subsidiaries and 1,297mboe/d for equity-accounted entities, compared with 2,718mboe/d and 1,296mboe/d respectively in 2005. For subsidiaries, increases in production in our new proﬁt centres were offset by anticipated decline in our existing proﬁt centres and the effect of disposals. Actual production for subsidiaries and equity-accounted entities in 2006 of 2,629mboe/d and 1,297mboe/d respectively, compared with 2,649mboe/d and 1,301mboe/d previously indicated at the time of our third-quarter results. Total production for 2005 was 2,718mboe/d for subsidiaries and 1,296mboe/d for equity-accounted entities, compared with 2,795mboe/d and 1,202mboe/d respectively in 2004. For subsidiaries, increases in production in our new proﬁt centres were more than offset by the effect of the hurricanes, higher planned maintenance shutdowns and anticipated decline in our existing proﬁt centres. For equity-accounted entities, this primarily reﬂects growth from TNK-BP. Reﬁning and Marketing ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ $ million ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Sales and other operating revenues from continuing operations Proﬁt before interest and tax from continuing operationsa ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Global Indicator Reﬁning Margin (GIM)b Northwest Europe US Gulf Coast Midwest US West Coast Singapore BP average Reﬁning availabilityc Reﬁnery throughputs ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ a Includes profit after interest and tax of equity-accounted entities. b The GIM is the average of regional industry indicator margins that we weight for BP’s crude refining capacity in each region. Each regional indicator margin is based on a single representative crude with product yields characteristic of the typical level of upgrading complexity. The refining margins are industry-specific rather than BP-specific measures, which we believe are useful to investors in analysing trends in the industry and their impact on our results. The margins are calculated by BP based on published crude oil and product prices and take account of fuel utilization and catalyst costs. No account is taken of BP’s other cash and non-cash costs of refining, such as wages and salaries and plant depreciation. The indicator margin may not be representative of the margins achieved by BP in any period because of BP’s particular refining configurations and crude and product slate. c Refining availability is defined as the ratio of units that are available for processing, regardless of whether they are actually being used, to total capacity. Where there is planned maintenance, such capacity is not regarded as being available. During 2006, there was planned maintenance of a substantial part of the Texas City refinery. BP Annual Report and Accounts 2006 51 2006 2005 2004 232,855 5,041 213,326 6,926 170,639 6,506 $/bbl % mb/d 3.92 12.00 9.14 14.84 4.22 8.39 5.47 11.40 8.19 13.49 5.56 8.60 4.28 7.15 5.08 11.27 4.94 6.31 82.5 92.9 95.4 2,198 2,399 2,607 The changes in sales and other operating revenues are explained in more detail below. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ $ million ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 2006 38,577 177,995 16,283 232,855 2005 36,992 155,098 21,236 213,326 2004 21,989 124,458 24,192 170,639 mb/d 2,110 5,801 2,464 5,888 2,312 6,398 The primary additional factors reﬂected in proﬁt before interest and tax for the year ended 31 December 2006 compared with the year ended 31 December 2005 were a positive impact from IFRS fair value accounting (compared with a negative impact in 2005), contributing around $500 million, and lower costs associated with rationalization programmes of around $320 million. In addition, reﬁning margins, including the beneﬁts of supply optimization, were higher by some $400 million and retail margins were higher by around $600 million, although this was partially offset by a deterioration of around $150 million in other marketing margins. These factors were offset by a reduction of around $1.1 billion due to the impact of the progressive recommissioning of Texas City during the year. Efﬁciency programmes delivered lower operating costs although the savings have been offset by higher turnaround and integrity management spend. The primary additional factors reﬂected in proﬁt before interest and tax for the year ended 31 December 2005, compared with the year ended 31 December 2004, were improved reﬁning margins, contributing approximately $2,000 million, offset by lower retail marketing margins, reducing proﬁts by approximately $720 million, a reduction of around $870 million due to the shutdown of the Texas City reﬁnery, along with other storm-related supply disruptions to a number of our US-based businesses, an adverse impact of around $400 million due to fair value accounting for derivatives (see explanation below), a reduction of around $430 million due to rationalization and efﬁciency programme charges, mainly across our marketing activities in Europe. Where derivative instruments are used to manage certain economic exposures that cannot themselves be fair valued or accounted for as hedges, timing differences in relation to the recognition of gains and losses occur. These economic exposures primarily relate to inventories held in excess of normal operating requirements that are not designated as held for trading and fair valued and forecast transactions to replenish inventory. Gains and losses on derivative commodity contracts are recognized immediately through the income statement while gains and losses on the related physical transaction are recognized when the commodity is sold. Additionally, IFRS requires that inventory designated as held for trading is fair valued using period end spot prices while the related derivative instruments are valued using forward prices consistent with the contract maturity. Depending on market conditions, these forward prices can be either higher or lower than spot prices resulting in quarterly timing differences. The average reﬁning Global Indicator Margin (GIM) in 2006 was lower than in 2005. Retail margins improved, but this improvement was partially negated by deterioration in other marketing margins. Reﬁning throughputs in 2006 were 2,198mb/d, 201mb/d lower than in 2005. Reﬁning availability, excluding the Texas City reﬁnery, was 95.7%, broadly consistent with 2005. Marketing volumes at 3,872mb/d were around 2% lower than in 2005. Sale of crude oil through spot and term contracts Marketing, spot and term sales of reﬁned products Other sales including non-oil and to other segments Sale of crude oil through spot and term contracts Marketing, spot and term sales of reﬁned products Sales and other operating revenues for 2006 was $233 billion, compared with $213 billion in 2005 and $171 billion in 2004. The increase in 2006 compared with 2005 was principally due to an increase of around $23 billion in marketing, spot and term sales of reﬁned products. This was due to higher prices of $25 billion, partially offset by lower volumes of $2 billion. Additionally, sales of crude oil, spot and term contracts increased by $2 billion, reﬂecting higher prices of $6 billion and lower volumes of $4 billion, and other sales decreased by $5 billion, primarily due to lower volumes. The increase in 2005 compared with 2004 was principally due to an increase of around $31 billion in marketing, spot and term sales of reﬁned products. This reﬂected higher prices of $39 billion and a positive foreign exchange impact due to a weaker dollar of $1 billion, partially offset by lower volumes of $9 billion. Additionally, sales of crude oil, spot and term contracts increased by $15 billion due to higher prices of $13 billion and higher volumes of $2 billion and other sales decreased by $3 billion, primarily due to lower volumes. Proﬁt before interest and tax for the year ended 31 December 2006 was $5,041 million, including net disposal gains of $884 million (related primarily to the sale of BP’s Czech Republic retail business, the disposal of BP’s shareholding in Zhenhai Reﬁning and Chemicals Company, the sale of BP’s shareholding in Eiffage, the French-based construction company, and pipelines assets), and was after inventory holding losses of $242 million, a charge of $925 million as a result of the ongoing review of fatality and personal injury compensation claims associated with the March 2005 incident at the Texas City reﬁnery, an impairment charge of $155 million, a charge of $155 million in respect of a donation to the BP Foundation and a charge of $33 million relating to new, and revisions to existing, environmental and other provisions. Proﬁt before interest and tax for the year ended 31 December 2005 was $6,926 million, including inventory holding gains of $2,532 million and net gains of $177 million principally on the divestment of a number of regional retail networks in the US, and is after a charge of $700 million in respect of fatality and personal injury compensation claims associated with the incident at the Texas City reﬁnery, a charge of $140 million relating to new, and revisions to existing, environmental and other provisions, an impairment charge of $93 million and a charge of $33 million for the impairment of an equity-accounted entity. Proﬁt before interest and tax for the year ended 31 December 2004 was $6,506 million, including inventory holding gains of $1,312 million, and is after net losses on disposal of $267 million (principally related to the closure of two manufacturing plants at Hull, UK, the disposal of our European speciality intermediate chemicals business, the disposal of our interest in the Singapore Reﬁning Company Private Limited, the closure of the lubricants operation of the Coryton reﬁnery in the UK and of reﬁning operations at the ATAS reﬁnery in Mersin, Turkey, and the sale of the Cushing and other pipeline interests in the US), a charge of $206 million related to new, and revisions to existing, environmental and other provisions, a charge of $195 million for the impairment of the petrochemicals facilities at Hull, UK, and a charge of $32 million for restructuring, integration and rationalization. 52 2006 11,428 12,280 23,708 2005 15,222 10,474 25,696 2004 13,532 10,437 23,969 2006 2005 2004 3,685 5,152 5,096 4,747 5,244 3,670 Gas, Power and Renewables ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ $ million ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Sales and other operating revenues from continuing operations Proﬁt before interest and tax from continuing operationsa 2006 2005 2004 23,708 1,321 25,696 1,172 23,969 1,003 a Includes profit after interest and tax of equity-accounted entities. The changes in sales and other operating revenues are explained in more detail below. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ $ million ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Gas marketing sales Other sales (including NGLs marketing) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ mmcf/d ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Gas marketing sales volumes Natural gas sales by Exploration and Production Sales and other operating revenues for 2006 was $24 billion, compared with $26 billion in 2005. Gas marketing sales declined by $3.8 billion, reﬂecting a decrease of $4.2 billion related to lower volumes, partially offset by an increase of $0.4 billion related to higher prices. Other sales (including NGLs marketing) increased by $1.8 billion due to higher prices. Sales and other operating revenues were $26 billion in 2005, compared with $24 billion in 2004. Gas marketing sales increased by $1.7 billion as price increases of $2.1 billion more than offset lower volumes of $0.4 billion. Other sales (including NGLs marketing) remained ﬂat, reﬂecting $0.1 billion related to higher prices and $0.1 billion to lower volumes. Gas marketing sales volumes declined in 2005 and 2006 primarily due to customer portfolio changes and, in 2005, production loss caused by hurricanes in the Gulf of Mexico. Proﬁt before interest and tax for the year ended 31 December 2006 was $1,321 million, including net gains of $193 million, primarily on the disposal of our interest in Enagas, and net fair value gains of $88 million on embedded derivatives, and was after inventory holding losses of $55 million and a charge $100 million for the impairment of a North American NGLs asset. Other businesses and corporate Proﬁt before interest and tax for the year ended 31 December 2005 was $1,172 million, including inventory holding gains of $95 million, compensation of $265 million received on the cancellation of an intra-group gas supply contract and net gains of $55 million primarily on the disposal of BP’s interest in the Interconnector pipeline and a power plant in the UK, and was after net fair value losses of $346 million on embedded derivatives and a credit of $6 million related to new, and revisions to existing, environmental and other provisions. Proﬁt before interest and tax for the year ended 31 December 2004 was $1,003 million, including inventory holding gains of $39 million and a net gain on disposal of $56 million. The primary additional factors reﬂected in proﬁt before interest and tax for the year ended 31 December 2006, compared with the equivalent period in 2005, were higher contributions from the operating businesses of around $160 million partially offset by higher IFRS fair value accounting charges reducing the result by around $60 million. The primary additional factors reﬂected in proﬁt before interest and tax for the year ended 31 December 2005, compared with the equivalent period in 2004 were higher contributions from the operating businesses of around $170 million. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ $ million ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Sales and other operating revenues from continuing operations Proﬁt (loss) before interest and tax from continuing operationsa a Includes profit after interest and tax of equity-accounted entities. Other businesses and corporate comprises Finance, the group’s aluminium asset, its investments in PetroChina and Sinopec (both divested in early 2004), interest income and costs relating to corporate activities worldwide. Following the sale of Innovene to INEOS in 2005, three equity-accounted entities (Shanghai SECCO Petrochemical Company Limited in China and Polyethylene Malaysia Sdn Bhd and Ethylene Malaysia Sdn Bhd, both in Malaysia) previously reported in Other businesses and corporate were transferred to Reﬁning and Marketing, effective 1 January 2006. The loss before interest and tax for the year ended 31 December 2006 was $885 million, including inventory holding gains of $62 million, a credit of $94 million in relation to new, and revisions to existing, environmental and other provisions, a net gain on disposal of $95 million and a net fair value gain of $5 million on embedded derivatives, and was after a charge of $200 million relating to the reassessment of certain provisions and an impairment charge of $69 million. 2006 2005 2004 1,009 (885) 668 (1,237) 546 155 The loss before interest and tax for the year ended 31 December 2005 was $1,237 million, including a net gain on disposal of $38 million, and was after a net charge of $278 million relating to new, and revisions to existing, environmental and other provisions and the reversal of environmental provisions no longer required, a charge of $134 million in respect of the separation of the Oleﬁns and Derivatives business and net fair value losses of $13 million on embedded derivatives. The proﬁt before interest and tax for the year ended 31 December 2004 was $155 million, including net gains on disposals of $949 million, primarily related to the sale of our interests in PetroChina and Sinopec, and a credit of $66 million primarily resulting from the reversal of vacant space provisions in the UK and the US, and was after a charge of $283 million related to new, and revisions to existing, environmental and other provisions, and a charge of $102 million relating to the separation of the Oleﬁns and the Derivatives business. BP Annual Report and Accounts 2006 53 Environmental expenditure ----- -------- -------- --------- -------- -------- --------- -------- -------- -- ------ -------- --------- -------- -------- --------- ------ -- -------- --------- $ million ----- -------- -------- --------- -------- -------- --------- -------- -------- -- ------ -------- --------- -------- -------- --------- ------ -- -------- --------- Operating expenditure Clean-ups Capital expenditure Additions to environmental remediation provision Additions to decommissioning provision 2006 2005 2004 596 59 806 423 494 43 789 565 2,142 1,023 526 25 524 587 286 Operating and capital expenditure on the prevention, control, abatement or elimination of air, water and solid waste pollution is often not incurred as a separately identiﬁable transaction. Instead, it forms part of a larger transaction that includes, for example, normal maintenance expenditure. The ﬁgures for environmental operating and capital expenditure in the table are therefore estimates, based on the deﬁnitions and guidelines of the American Petroleum Institute. The increase in environmental operating expenditure in 2006 is largely related to expenditure incurred on reducing air emissions at US reﬁneries. The increase in capital expenditure in 2005 compared with 2004 is largely related to clean fuels investment. Similar levels of operating and capital expenditures are expected in the foreseeable future. In addition to operating and capital expenditures, we also create provisions for future environmental remediation. Expenditure against such provisions is normally in subsequent periods and is not included in environmental operating expenditure reported for such periods. The charge for environmental remediation provisions in 2006 includes $378 million resulting from a reassessment of existing site obligations and $45 million in respect of provisions for new sites. Liquidity and capital resources Cash ﬂow The following table summarizes the group’s cash ﬂows. Provisions for environmental remediation are made when a clean-up is probable and the amount reasonably determinable. Generally, their timing coincides with commitment to a formal plan of action or, if earlier, on divestment or on closure of inactive sites. The extent and cost of future remediation programmes are inherently difﬁcult to estimate. They depend on the scale of any possible contamination, the timing and extent of corrective actions and also the group’s share of liability. Although the cost of any future remediation could be signiﬁcant and may be material to the result of operations in the period in which it is recognized, we do not expect that such costs will have a material effect on the group’s ﬁnancial position or liquidity. We believe our provisions are sufﬁcient for known requirements; and we do not believe that our costs will differ signiﬁcantly from those of other companies engaged in similar industries, or that our competitive position will be adversely affected as a result. In addition, we make provisions on installation of our oil- and gas- producing assets and related pipelines to meet the cost of eventual decommissioning. On installation of an oil or natural gas production facility a provision is established which represents the discounted value of the expected future cost of decommissioning the asset. Additionally, we undertake periodic reviews of existing provisions. These reviews take account of revised cost assumptions, changes in decommissioning requirements and any technological developments. The level of increase in the decommissioning provision varies with the number of new ﬁelds coming on stream in a particular year and the outcome of the periodic reviews. Provisions for environmental remediation and decommissioning are usually set up on a discounted basis, as required by IAS 37 ‘Provisions, Contingent Liabilities and Contingent Assets’. Further details of decommissioning and environmental provisions appear in Financial statements – Note 40 on page 152. See also Environmental protection on page 42. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ $ million ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Net cash provided by operating activities of continuing operations Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities of Innovene operations Net cash provided by operating activities Net cash used in investing activities Net cash used in ﬁnancing activities Currency translation differences relating to cash and cash equivalents Increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of year Cash and cash equivalents at end of year ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Net cash provided by operating activities for the year ended 31 December 2006 was $28,172 million, compared with $26,721 million for the equivalent period of 2005, reﬂecting a decrease in working capital requirements of $4,817 million, an increase in proﬁt before taxation from continuing operations of $2,721 million and an increase in dividends from jointly controlled entities and associates of $1,662 million, partially offset by an increase in income taxes paid of $4,705 million and a higher net credit for impairment and gain/loss on sale of businesses and ﬁxed assets of $2,095 million. Net cash provided by operating activities for the year ended 31 December 2005 was $26,721 million compared with $23,378 million for the equivalent period of 2004, reﬂecting an increase in proﬁt before taxation from continuing operations of $6,955 million, an increase in net cash provided by operating activities of Innovene of $1,639 million, a lower charge for provisions, less payments of $710 million and an increase in dividends received from jointly controlled entities and associates of $634 million. This was partially offset by an increase in income taxes paid of $2,640 million, an increase of $1,320 million in working capital requirements, an increase in earnings from jointly controlled entities and associates of $1,263 million, a higher net credit for impairment and gain/loss on sale of businesses and ﬁxed assets of $775 million, an increase in interest paid of $429 million and an increase in the net operating charge for pensions and other post-retirement beneﬁts, less contributions of $351 million. Net cash used in investing activities was $9,518 million in 2006, compared with $1,729 million and $11,331 in 2005 and 2004. The increase in 2006 reﬂected a reduction in disposal proceeds of $4,946 million and an increase in capital expenditure of $2,844 million. The reduction in 2005 compared with 2004 reﬂected an increase in disposal proceeds of $6,239 million, primarily from the sale of Innovene, and a decrease in spending on acquisitions of $2,693 million. 54 2006 28,172 – 28,172 (9,518) (19,071) 47 (370) 2,960 2,590 2005 2004 25,751 970 26,721 (1,729) (23,303) (88) 1,601 1,359 2,960 24,047 (669) 23,378 (11,331) (12,835) 91 (697) 2,056 1,359 Net cash used in ﬁnancing activities was $19,071 million in 2006 compared with $23,303 million in 2005 and $12,835 million in 2004. The lower outﬂow in 2006 reﬂects a net increase in short term debt of $5,330 million, a decrease in repayments of long-term ﬁnancing of $1,165 million and higher proceeds from long-term ﬁnancing of $1,356 million, partially offset by an increase in the net repurchase of share of $3,836 million. The higher outﬂow in 2005 compared with 2004 reﬂects an increase in the net repurchase of ordinary share capital of $4,107, higher repayments of long-term ﬁnancing of $2,616 million, a net decrease of $1,433 million in short-term debt, and increases in equity dividends paid to BP shareholders of $1,318 million and to minority interest of $794 million. The group has had signiﬁcant levels of capital investment for many years. Capital investment, excluding acquisitions, was $16.9 billion in 2006, $13.9 billion in 2005 and $13.8 billion in 2004. Sources of funding are completely fungible, but the majority of the group’s funding requirements for new investment come from cash generated by existing operations. The group’s level of net debt, that is debt less cash and cash equivalents, was $21.7 billion at the end of 2004, $16.2 billion at the end of 2005 and was $21.4 billion at the end of 2006. The lower level of debt at the end of 2005 reﬂects the receipt of the Innovene disposal proceeds in December 2005. Over the period 2004 to 2006 our cash inﬂows and outﬂows were balanced, with sources and uses both totalling $101 billion. During that period, the price of Brent has averaged $52.63/bbl. The following table summarizes the three-year sources and uses of cash. ----- -------- -------- --------- -------- -------- --------- -------- -------- -- ------ -------- --------- -------- -------- --------- ------ -- -------- --------- ----- -------- -------- --------- -------- -------- --------- -------- -------- -- ------ -------- --------- -------- -------- --------- ------ -- -------- --------- Sources Net cash provided by operating activities Divestments Movement in net debt ----- -------- -------- --------- -------- -------- --------- -------- -------- -- ------ -------- --------- -------- -------- --------- ------ -- -------- --------- ----- -------- -------- --------- -------- -------- --------- -------- -------- -- ------ -------- --------- -------- -------- --------- ------ -- -------- --------- ----- -------- -------- --------- -------- -------- --------- -------- -------- -- ------ -------- --------- -------- -------- --------- ------ -- -------- --------- Uses Capital expenditure Acquisitions Net repurchase of shares Dividends to BP shareholders Dividends to Minority Interest $ billion $ billion 78 22 1 101 42 3 34 21 1 101 Acquisitions made for cash were more than offset by divestments. Net investment over the same period has averaged $7.7 billion per year. Dividends to BP shareholders, which grew on average by 14.9% per year in dollar terms, used $21 billion. Net repurchase of shares was $34 billion, which includes $35 billion in respect of our share buyback programme less proceeds from share issues. Finally, cash was used to strengthen the ﬁnancial condition of certain of our pension funds. In the last three years, $1.9 billion has been contributed to funded pension plans. Trend information We expect to grow cash ﬂows underpinned by the following: – We expect to grow production even in a $60/bbl price environment. – We aim to control cost increases below inﬂation. – We expect capital expenditure to be around $18 billion in 2007. – We expect to continue to high-grade our portfolio consistent with our strategy. As noted above, we expect capital expenditure, excluding acquisitions, to be around $18 billion in 2007; the exact level will depend on a number of things including: the actual level of sector inﬂation that we will experience in the year; time-critical and material one-off investment opportunities which further our strategy; and any acquisition opportunities that may arise. In 2006, the UK supplementary tax charge was raised to 20%, increasing the group’s effective tax rate by 2%. The impact of the additional one-off deferred tax adjustment relating to this rate change was largely offset by relieving measures speciﬁcally provided in the legislation. Total production for 2007 is expected to remain broadly the same as in 2006 after allowing for the impact on 2007 of divestments made in 2006. This estimate is based on the group’s asset portfolio at 1January 2007, expected start-ups in 2007 and Brent at $60/bbl, before any 2007 disposal effects and before any effects of prices above $60/bbl on volumes in PSAs. The anticipated decline in production volumes from subsidiaries in our existing proﬁt centres is partly mitigated by the development of new projects and the investment in incremental reserves in and around existing ﬁelds. We expect that this overall decline in production from subsidiaries in our existing proﬁt centres will be more than compensated for by strong increases in production from subsidiaries in our new proﬁt centres over the next few years. Production growth in our equity- accounted joint venture, TNK-BP, is expected to remain broadly constant to 2009. The most important determinants of cash ﬂows in relation to our oil and natural gas production are the prices of these commodities. In a stable price environment, cash ﬂows from currently developed proved reserves are expected to decline in a manner consistent with anticipated production decline rates. Development activities associated with recent discoveries, as well as continued investment in these producing ﬁelds, are expected to more than offset this decline, resulting in increased operating cash ﬂows over the next few years. Cash ﬂows from equity-accounted entities are expected to be in the form of dividend payments. Dividends and other distributions to shareholders and gearing The total dividend paid in 2006 was $7,686 million, compared with $7,359 million in 2005 and $6,041 million in 2004. The dividend per share was 38.40 cents, compared with 34.85 cents per share in 2005 (an increase of 10%) and 27.70 cents per share in 2004 (an increase of 26% between 2005 and 2004). In sterling terms, the dividend paid in 2006 was also 10% higher than 2005. Our dividend policy is to grow the dividend per share progressively. In pursuing this policy and in setting the levels of dividends we are guided by several considerations, including: – The prevailing circumstances of the group. – The future investment patterns and sustainability of the group. – The trading environment. We determine the dividend in US dollars, the economic currency of BP. BP intends to continue the operation of the Dividend Reinvestment Plan (DRIP) for shareholders who wish to receive their dividend in the form of shares rather than cash. The BP Direct Access Plan for US and Canadian shareholders also includes a dividend reinvestment feature. We remain committed to returning the excess of net cash provided by operating activities less net cash used in investing activities to our investors where this is in excess of investment and dividend needs. During 2006, the company repurchased 1,334 million of its own shares at a cost of $15,481 million. Of these, 358 million were purchased for cancellation and the remainder are held in treasury. The repurchased shares had a nominal value of $333 million and represented 6.5% of ordinary shares in issue, net of treasury shares, at the end of 2005. Since the inception of the share repurchase programme in 2000 until the end of 2006 we have repurchased some 3,996 million shares at a cost of $40.7 billion. We plan to continue our programme of share buybacks, subject to market conditions and constraints and to renewed authority at the April 2007 annual general meeting. Our ﬁnancial framework includes a gearing band of 20-30% which is intended to provide an efﬁcient capital structure and the appropriate level of ﬁnancial ﬂexibility. Our aim is to maintain gearing within this range. At 31 December 2006, gearing was 20%, at the bottom of the targeted band. The discussion above and following contains forward-looking statements with regard to future cash ﬂows, future levels of capital expenditure and divestments, future production volumes, working capital, the renewal of borrowing facilities, shareholder distributions and share buybacks and expected payments under contractual and commercial commitments. These forward-looking statements are based on assumptions that management believes to be reasonable in the light of the group’s operational and ﬁnancial experience. However, no assurance can be given that the forward-looking statements will be realized. You are urged to read the cautionary statement under Forward-looking statements BP Annual Report and Accounts 2006 55 on page 13 and Risk factors on pages 12-13, which describe the risks and uncertainties that may cause actual results and developments to differ materially from those expressed or implied by these forward-looking statements. The company provides no commitment to update the forward-looking statements or to publish ﬁnancial projections for forward- looking statements in the future. Financing the group’s activities The group’s principal commodity, oil, is priced internationally in US dollars. Group policy has been to minimize economic exposure to currency movements by ﬁnancing operations with US dollar debt wherever possible, otherwise by using currency swaps when funds have been raised in currencies other than US dollars. The group’s ﬁnance debt is almost entirely in US dollars and at 31 December 2006 amounted to $24,010 million (2005 $19,162 million) of which $12,924 million (2005 $8,932 million) was short term. or longer. At 31 December 2006, the amount drawn down against the DIP was $7,893 million. In addition, the group has in place a US Shelf Registration under which it may raise $10 billion of debt with maturities of one month or longer. At 31 December there had not been any draw-down. Commercial paper markets in the US and Europe are a primary source of liquidity for the group. At 31 December 2006, the outstanding commercial paper amounted to $4,167 million (2005 $1,911million). The group also has access to signiﬁcant sources of liquidity in the form of committed facilities and other funding through the capital markets. At 31 December 2006, the group had available undrawn committed borrowing facilities of $4,700 million ($4,500 million at 31 December 2005). BP believes that, taking into account the substantial amounts of undrawn borrowing facilities available, the group has sufﬁcient working capital for foreseeable requirements. Net debt was $21,420 million at the end of 2006, an increase of In addition to reported debt, BP uses conventional off balance sheet $5,218 million compared with 2005. The ratio of net debt to net debt plus equity was 20% at the end of 2006 and 17% at the end of 2005. The ratio of 20% at 31 December 2006 takes into account seasonal impacts. The maturity proﬁle and ﬁxed/ﬂoating rate characteristics of the group’s debt are described in Financial statements – Note 38 on page 149. We have in place a European Debt Issuance Programme (DIP) under which the group may raise $10 billion of debt for maturities of one month arrangements such as operating leases and borrowings in jointly controlled entities and associates. At 31 December 2006, the group’s share of third-party ﬁnance debt of jointly controlled entities and associates was $4,942 million (2005 $3,266 million) and $1,143 million (2005 $970 million) respectively. These amounts are not reﬂected in the group’s debt on the balance sheet. The group has issued third-party guarantees under which amounts outstanding at 31 December 2006 are summarized below. Some guarantees outstanding are in respect of borrowings of jointly controlled entities and associates noted above. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ $ million ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Guarantees expiring by period ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Total 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 Guarantees issued in respect of 2012 and thereafter Borrowings of jointly controlled entities and associates Liabilities of other third parties 1,123 789 91 480 223 7 118 8 114 19 116 29 461 246 At 31 December 2006, contracts had been placed for authorized future capital expenditure estimated at $9,773 million. Such expenditure is expected to be ﬁnanced largely by cash ﬂow from operating activities. Contractual commitments The following table summarizes the group’s principal contractual obligations at 31 December 2006. Further information on borrowings and ﬁnance leases is given in Financial statements – Note 38 on page 149 and further information on operating leases is given in Financial statements – Note 18 on page 127. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ $ million ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Total 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 Payments due by period 2012 and thereafter Expected payments by period under contractual obligations and commercial commitments Borrowingsa Finance lease minimum future lease payments Operating leasesb Decommissioning liabilities Environmental liabilities Pensions and other post-retirement beneﬁtsc Purchase obligationsd 28,680 1,331 17,408 12,064 2,298 22,793 139,020 9,164 82 3,355 337 445 1,353 86,954 4,403 92 3,031 292 414 1,350 16,723 4,663 93 2,403 255 309 1,066 7,573 1,022 94 1,686 346 288 668 4,948 1,106 97 1,191 273 215 615 4,500 8,322 873 5,742 10,561 627 17,741 18,322 a Expected payments include interest payments on borrowings totalling $5,485 million ($917 million in 2007, $750 million in 2008, $554 million in 2009, $335 million in 2010, $301 million in 2011 and $2,628 million thereafter). b The minimum future lease payments including executory costs and after deducting related rental income from operating subleases. Where an operating lease is entered into solely by the group as the operator of a jointly controlled asset, the total cost is included irrespective of any amounts that will be reimbursed by joint venture partners. Where operating lease costs are incurred in relation to the hire of equipment used in connection with a capital project, some or all of the cost may be capitalized as part of the capital cost of the project. c Represents the expected future contributions to funded pension plans and payments by the group for unfunded pension plans and the expected future payments for other post-retirement benefits. d Represents any agreement to purchase goods or services that is enforceable and legally binding and that specifies all significant terms. The amounts shown include arrangements to secure long-term access to supplies of crude oil, natural gas, feedstocks and pipeline systems. In addition, the amounts shown for 2007 include purchase commitments existing at 31 December 2006 entered into principally to meet the group’s short-term manufacturing and marketing requirements. The price risk associated with these crude oil, natural gas and power contracts is discussed in Quantitative and qualitative disclosures about market risk on page 61. 56 The following table summarizes the nature of the group’s unconditional purchase obligations. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ $ million ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Payments due by period Total Purchase obligations – payments due by period Crude oil and oil products Natural gas Chemicals and other reﬁnery feedstocks Power Utilities Transportation Use of facilities and services Total ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 47,247 18,070 5,162 14,464 197 830 984 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 86,954 58,036 37,923 12,906 20,148 1,618 3,704 4,685 139,020 1,912 8,836 3,660 – 922 1,269 1,723 18,322 4,865 4,622 1,541 4,407 156 530 602 16,723 1,518 1,549 590 – 106 299 438 4,500 1,368 2,954 956 1,270 131 407 487 7,573 1,126 1,892 997 7 106 369 451 4,948 2008 2009 2011 2007 2010 2012 and thereafter The following table summarizes the group’s capital expenditure commitments at 31 December 2006 and the proportion of that expenditure for which contracts have been placed. For jointly controlled assets, the net BP share is included in the amounts shown. The group expects its total capital expenditure excluding acquisitions to be around $18 billion in 2007. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Capital expenditure commitments including amounts for which contracts have been placed Committed on major projects Amounts for which contracts have been placed ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 11,175 5,782 22,273 9,773 5,607 2,127 2,812 1,171 1,659 435 597 191 423 67 Total 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 $ million 2012 and thereafter Liquidity risk Liquidity risk is the risk that suitable sources of funding for the group’s business activities may not be available. The group has long-term debt ratings of Aa1 and AA+, assigned respectively by Moody’s and Standard & Poor’s. The group has access to a wide range of funding at competitive rates through the capital markets and banks. It co-ordinates relationships with banks, borrowing requirements, foreign exchange requirements and cash management centrally. The group believes it has access to sufﬁcient funding, including through the commercial paper markets, and also has undrawn committed borrowing facilities to meet currently foreseeable borrowing requirements. At 31 December 2006, the group had substantial amounts of undrawn borrowing facilities available, including committed facilities of $4,700 million, of which $4,300 million are in place for at least ﬁve years (2005 $4,500 million expiring in 2006 and 2004 $4,500 million expiring in 2005). These facilities are with a number of international banks and borrowings under them would be at pre-agreed rates. Certain of these facilities support the group’s commercial paper programme. Critical accounting policies The signiﬁcant accounting policies of the group are summarized in Financial statements – Note 1 on page 100. Inherent in the application of many of the accounting policies used in the preparation of the ﬁnancial statements is the need for BP management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities at the date of the ﬁnancial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual outcomes could differ from the estimates and assumptions used. The following summary provides further information about the critical accounting policies that could have a signiﬁcant impact on the results of the group and should be read in conjunction with the Notes on ﬁnancial statements. The accounting policies and areas that require the most signiﬁcant judgements and estimates to be used in the preparation of the consolidated ﬁnancial statements are in relation to oil and natural gas accounting, including the estimation of reserves, the recoverability of asset carrying values, deferred taxation, provisions and contingencies, and pensions and other post-retirement beneﬁts. Oil and natural gas accounting The group follows the successful efforts method of accounting for its oil and natural gas exploration and production activities. The acquisition of geological and geophysical seismic information, prior to the discovery of proved reserves, is expensed as incurred, similar to the accounting for research and development costs. Licence and property acquisition costs are initially capitalized within intangible assets. These costs are amortized on a straight-line basis until such time as either exploration drilling is determined to be successful or it is unsuccessful and all costs are written off. Each property is reviewed on an annual basis to conﬁrm that drilling activity is planned and that it is not impaired. If no future activity is planned, the remaining balance of the licence and property acquisition costs is written off. For exploration wells and exploratory-type stratigraphic test wells, costs directly associated with the drilling of wells are temporarily capitalized within non-current intangible assets, pending determination of whether potentially economic oil and gas reserves have been discovered by the drilling effort. These costs include employee remuneration, materials and fuel used, rig costs, delay rentals and payments made to contractors. The determination is usually made within one year after well completion, but can take longer, depending on the complexity of the geological structure. If the well did not encounter potentially economic oil and gas quantities, the well costs are expensed as a dry hole and are reported in exploration expense. Exploration wells that discover potentially economic quantities of oil and gas and are in areas where major capital expenditure (e.g. offshore platform or a pipeline) would be required before production could begin, and where the economic viability of that major capital expenditure depends on the successful completion of further exploration work in the area, remain capitalized on the balance sheet as long as additional exploration appraisal work is under way or ﬁrmly planned. For complicated offshore exploration discoveries, it is not unusual to have exploration wells and exploratory-type stratigraphic test wells remaining suspended on the balance sheet for several years while additional appraisal drilling and seismic work on the potential oil and gas ﬁeld is performed or while the optimum development plans and timing are established. All such carried costs are subject to regular technical, commercial and management review on at least an annual basis to conﬁrm the continued intent to develop, or otherwise extract value from, the discovery. If this is no longer the case, the costs are immediately expensed. Once a project is sanctioned for development, the carrying values of licence and property acquisition costs and exploration and appraisal costs are transferred to production assets within property, plant and equipment. Field development costs subject to depreciation are expenditures incurred to date, together with sanctioned future development expenditure approved by the group. BP Annual Report and Accounts 2006 57 The capitalized exploration and development costs for proved oil and gas properties (which include the costs of drilling unsuccessful wells) are amortized on the basis of oil-equivalent barrels that are produced in a period as a percentage of the estimated proved reserves. The estimated proved reserves used in these unit-of-production calculations vary with the nature of the capitalized expenditure. The reserves used in the calculation of the unit-of-production amortization are as follows: – Proved developed reserves for producing wells. – Total proved reserves for development costs. – Total proved reserves for licence and property acquisition costs. – Total proved reserves for future decommissioning costs. The impact of changes in estimated proved reserves is dealt with prospectively by amortizing the remaining book value of the asset over the expected future production. If proved reserves estimates are revised downwards, earnings could be affected by higher depreciation expense or an immediate write-down of the property’s book value (see discussion of recoverability of asset carrying values below). Given the large number of producing ﬁelds in the group’s portfolio, it is unlikely that any changes in reserves estimates for individual ﬁelds, either individually or in aggregate, year on year, will have a signiﬁcant effect on the group’s prospective charges for depreciation. At the end of 2006, BP adopted the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) rules for estimating reserves for accounting and reporting purposes instead of the UK accounting rules contained in the UK SORP. These changes are explained in Financial statements – Note 3 on page 110. Oil and natural gas reserves Commencing in 2006, BP has estimated its proved reserves on the basis of the requirements of the SEC. The 2006 year-end marker prices used to determine reserves volumes were Brent $58.93/bbl ($58.21/bbl) and Henry Hub $5.52/mmBtu ($9.52/mmbtu). Prior to this date, BP used guidance contained in the UK SORP to estimate reserves. In estimating its reserves under UK SORP, BP used long-term planning prices. The group manages its hydrocarbon resources in three major categories: prospect inventory, non-proved resources and proved reserves. When a discovery is made, volumes usually transfer from the prospect inventory to the non-proved resource category. The resources move through various non-proved resource sub-categories as their technical and commercial maturity increases through appraisal activity. Resources in a ﬁeld will only be categorized as proved reserves when all the criteria for attribution of proved status have been met, including an internally imposed requirement for project sanction or for sanction expected within six months and, for additional reserves in existing ﬁelds, the requirement that the reserves be included in the business plan and scheduled for development, typically within three years. Where, on occasion, the group decides to book reserves where development is scheduled to commence beyond three years, these reserves will be booked only where they satisfy the SEC’s criteria for attribution of proved status. Internal approval and ﬁnal investment decision are what we refer to as project sanction. At the point of sanction, all booked reserves will be categorized as proved undeveloped (PUD). Volumes will subsequently be recategorized from PUD to proved developed (PD) as a consequence of development activity. When part of a well’s reserves depends on a later phase of activity, only that portion of reserves associated with existing, available facilities and infrastructure moves to PD. The ﬁrst PD bookings will occur at the point of ﬁrst oil or gas production. Major development projects typically take one to four years from the time of initial booking to the start of production. Changes to reserves bookings may be made due to analysis of new or existing data concerning production, reservoir performance, commercial factors, acquisition and divestment activity and additional reservoir development activity. Proved reserves do not include reserves that are dependent on the renewal of exploration and production licences, unless there is strong evidence to support the assumption of such renewal. BP has an internal process to control the quality of reserves bookings that forms part of a holistic and integrated system of internal control. As discussed in the oil and natural gas accounting section and below, oil and natural gas reserves have a direct impact on certain amounts reported in the ﬁnancial statements. The 2006 movements in proved reserves are reﬂected in the tables showing movements in oil and gas reserves by region in Financial statements – Supplementary information on oil and natural gas on pages 196-197. Recoverability of asset carrying values BP assesses its ﬁxed assets, including goodwill, for possible impairment if there are events or changes in circumstances that indicate that carrying values of the assets may not be recoverable. Such indicators include changes in the group’s business plans, changes in commodity prices leading to unproﬁtable performance and, for oil and gas properties, signiﬁcant downward revisions of estimated proved reserves quantities. The assessment for impairment entails comparing the carrying value of the cash generating unit and associated goodwill with the recoverable amount of the asset, that is, the higher of net realizable value and value in use. Value in use is usually determined on the basis of discounted estimated future net cash ﬂows. Determination as to whether and how much an asset is impaired involves management estimates on highly uncertain matters such as future commodity prices, the effects of inﬂation and technology improvements on operating expenses, production proﬁles and the outlook for global or regional market supply-and-demand conditions for crude oil, natural gas and reﬁned products. For oil and natural gas properties, the expected future cash ﬂows are estimated based on the group’s plans to continue to develop and produce proved and associated risk-adjusted probable and possible reserves. Expected future cash ﬂows from the sale or production of reserves are calculated based on the group’s best estimate of future oil and gas prices. For 2006, prices for oil and natural gas used for future cash ﬂow calculations are based on market prices for the ﬁrst ﬁve years and the group’s long-term planning assumptions thereafter. As at 31 December 2006, the group’s long-term planning assumptions were $40 per barrel for Brent and $5.50 per mmBtu for Henry Hub. Previously, prices for oil and natural gas used in future cash ﬂow calculations were assumed to decline from the existing levels in equal steps during the following three years to the long-term planning assumptions, which were $25 per barrel and $4.0 per mmBtu for Brent and Henry Hub respectively. These long-term planning assumptions are subject to periodic review and modiﬁcation. The estimated future level of production is based on assumptions about future commodity prices, lifting and development costs, ﬁeld decline rates, market demand and supply, economic regulatory climates and other factors. Charges for impairment are recognized in the group’s results from time to time as a result of, among other factors, adverse changes in the recoverable reserves from oil and natural gas ﬁelds, low plant utilization or reduced proﬁtability. If there are low oil prices or natural gas prices or reﬁning margins or marketing margins over an extended period, the group may need to recognize signiﬁcant impairment charges. Irrespective of whether there is any indication of impairment, BP is required to test for impairment any goodwill acquired in a business combination. The group carries goodwill of approximately $10.8 billion on its balance sheet, principally relating to the Atlantic Richﬁeld and Burmah Castrol acquisitions. In testing goodwill for impairment, the group uses a similar approach to that described above. The cash-generating units for impairment testing in this case are one level below business segments. As noted above, if there are low oil prices or natural gas prices or reﬁning margins or marketing margins for an extended period, the group may need to recognize signiﬁcant goodwill impairment charges. 58 Deferred taxation The group has around $4.7 billion of carry-forward tax losses in the UK and Germany, which would be available to offset against future taxable income. At the end of 2006, $216 million of deferred tax assets were recognized on these losses as this is the extent to which it is judged that suitable taxable income will arise. No material carry-forward tax losses in other taxing jurisdictions have been recognized as deferred tax assets and these are unlikely to have a signiﬁcant effect on the group’s tax rate in future years. Provisions and contingencies The group holds provisions for the future decommissioning of oil and natural gas production facilities and pipelines at the end of their economic lives. The largest asset removal obligations facing BP relate to the removal and disposal of oil and natural gas platforms and pipelines around the world. The estimated discounted costs of dismantling and removing these facilities are accrued on the installation of those facilities, reﬂecting our legal obligations at that time. A corresponding asset of an amount equivalent to the provision is also created within property, plant and equipment. This asset is depreciated over the expected life of the production facility or pipeline. Most of these removal events are many years in the future and the precise requirements that will have to be met when the removal event actually occurs are uncertain. Asset removal technologies and costs are constantly changing, as well as political, environmental, safety and public expectations. Consequently, the timing and amounts of future cash ﬂows are subject to signiﬁcant uncertainty. Changes in the expected future costs are reﬂected in both the provision and tangible asset. Decommissioning provisions associated with downstream and petrochemicals facilities are generally not provided for, as such potential obligations cannot be measured, given their indeterminate settlement dates. The group performs periodic reviews of its downstream and petrochemicals long-lived assets for any changes in facts and circumstances that might require the recognition of a decommissioning provision. The timing and amount of future expenditures are reviewed annually, together with the interest rate to be used in discounting the cash ﬂows. The interest rate used to determine the balance sheet obligation at the end of 2006 was 2%, unchanged from the end of 2005. The interest rate represents the real rate (i.e. adjusted for inﬂation) on long-dated government bonds. Other provisions and liabilities are recognized in the period when it becomes probable that there will be a future outﬂow of funds resulting from past operations or events that can be reasonably estimated. The timing of recognition requires the application of judgement to existing facts and circumstances, which can be subject to change. Since the actual cash outﬂows can take place many years in the future, the carrying amounts of provisions and liabilities are reviewed regularly and adjusted to take account of changing facts and circumstances. A change in estimate of a recognized provision or liability would result in a charge or credit to net income in the period in which the change occurs (with the exception of decommissioning costs as described above). In particular, provisions for environmental clean-up and remediation costs are based on current legal and constructive requirements, technology, price levels and expected plans for remediation. Actual costs and cash outﬂows can differ from estimates because of changes in laws and regulations, public expectations, prices, discovery and analysis of site conditions and changes in clean-up technology. The provision for environmental liabilities is reviewed at least annually. The interest rate used to determine the balance sheet obligation at 31 December 2006 was 2%, the same rate as at the previous balance sheet date. As further described in Financial statements – Note 47 on page 168 the group is subject to claims and actions. The facts and circumstances relating to particular cases are evaluated regularly in determining whether it is ‘probable’ that there will be a future outﬂow of funds and, once established, whether a provision relating to a speciﬁc litigation should be adjusted. Accordingly, signiﬁcant management judgement relating to contingent liabilities is required, since the outcome of litigation is difﬁcult to predict. Pensions and other post-retirement beneﬁts Accounting for pensions and other post-retirement beneﬁts involves judgement about uncertain events, including estimated retirement dates, salary levels at retirement, mortality rates, rates of return on plan assets, determination of discount rates for measuring plan obligations, healthcare cost trend rates and rates of utilization of healthcare services by retirees. These assumptions are based on the environment in each country. Determination of the projected beneﬁt obligations for the group’s deﬁned beneﬁt pension and other post-retirement plans is important to the recorded amounts for such obligations on the balance sheet and to the amount of beneﬁt expense in the income statement. The assumptions used may vary from year to year, which will affect future results of operations. Any differences between these assumptions and the actual outcome also affect future results of operations. Pension and other post-retirement beneﬁt assumptions are discussed and agreed with the independent actuaries in December each year. These assumptions are used to determine the projected beneﬁt obligation at the year end and hence the surpluses and deﬁcits recorded on the group’s balance sheet, and pension and other post-retirement beneﬁt expense for the following year. The pension assumptions at 31 December 2006 and 2005 are summarized below. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ % ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 2006 2006 2006 USA 2005 Other 2005 UK 2005 7.0 5.1 4.7 2.8 2.8 7.00 4.75 4.25 2.50 2.50 8.0 5.7 4.2 nil 2.4 8.00 5.50 4.25 nil 2.50 5.8 4.8 3.6 1.8 2.2 5.50 4.00 3.25 1.75 2.00 Rate of return on pension plan assets Discount rate for pension plan liabilities Rate of increase in salaries Rate of increase for pensions in payment Inﬂation The assumptions used in calculating the charge for US other post-retirement beneﬁts are consistent with those shown above for US pension plans except for the discount rate for plan liabilities which is 5.9% (2005 5.5%). BP Annual Report and Accounts 2006 59 The assumed rate of investment return and discount rate have a signiﬁcant effect on the amounts reported. A one-percentage-point change in these assumptions for the group’s plans would have had the following effects. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ $ million ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ One-percentage-point ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Increase Decrease Investment return Effect on pension and other post-retirement beneﬁt expense in 2007 Discount rate Effect on pension and other post-retirement beneﬁt expense in 2007 Effect on pension and other post-retirement beneﬁt obligation at 31 December 2006 The assumed future US healthcare cost trend rate is shown below. (383) 383 (52) (5,013) 75 6,433 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ % ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 Beneﬁciaries aged under 65 Beneﬁciaries aged over 65 8.0 10.0 7.5 9.5 7.0 8.5 6.5 7.5 6.0 6.5 5.5 5.5 5.0 5.0 2013 and subsequent years The assumed US healthcare cost trend rate has a signiﬁcant effect on the amounts reported. A one-percentage-point change in the assumed US healthcare cost trend rate would have had the following effects. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ $ million ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ One-percentage-point ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Effect on US other post-retirement beneﬁt expense in 2007 Effect on US other post-retirement obligation at 31 December 2006 Increase Decrease 31 349 (25) (289) In addition to the ﬁnancial assumptions, we regularly review the demographic and mortality assumptions. Mortality assumptions reﬂect best practice in the countries in which we provide pensions and have been chosen with regard to the latest available published tables adjusted where appropriate to reﬂect the experience of the group and an extrapolation of past longevity improvements into the future. BP’s most substantial pension liabilities are in the UK, the US and Germany, where our assumptions are as follows. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Mortality assumptions ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ UK 2005 USA 2005 2006 2006 2006 23.9 26.8 25.0 27.8 23.0 26.0 23.9 26.9 24.2 26.0 25.8 26.9 21.9 25.6 21.9 25.6 22.2 26.9 25.2 29.6 22.1 26.7 25.0 29.4 Years Germany 2005 Life expectancy at age 60 for a male currently aged 60 Life expectancy at age 60 for a female currently aged 60 Life expectancy at age 60 for a male currently aged 40 Life expectancy at age 60 for a female currently aged 40 Adoption of International Financial Reporting Standards For all periods up to and including the year ended 31 December 2004, BP prepared its ﬁnancial statements in accordance with UK generally accepted accounting practice (UK GAAP). BP, together with all other EU companies listed on an EU stock exchange, was required to prepare consolidated ﬁnancial statements in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) as adopted by the EU with effect from 1 January 2005. The Annual Report and Accounts for the year ended 31 December 2005 comprised BP’s ﬁrst consolidated ﬁnancial statements prepared under IFRS. The general principle for ﬁrst-time adoption of IFRS is that standards in force at the ﬁrst reporting date (for BP, 31 December 2005) are applied retrospectively. However, IFRS 1 ‘First-time Adoption of International Financial Reporting Standards’ contains a number of exemptions that companies are permitted to apply. BP elected to take the exemption allowing comparative information on ﬁnancial instruments to be prepared in accordance with UK GAAP and the group adopted IAS 32 ‘Financial Instruments: Disclosure and Presentation’ (IAS 32) and IAS 39 ‘Financial Instruments: Recognition and Measurement’ (IAS 39) from 1 January 2005. Had IAS 32 and IAS 39 been applied from 1 January 2003, BP’s date of transition for all other IFRS in force at the ﬁrst reporting date, the following are the most signiﬁcant adjustments that would have been necessary in the ﬁnancial statements for the year ended 31 December 2004: – All derivatives, including embedded derivatives, would have been brought on to the balance sheet at fair value and changes in fair value would have been recognized in the income statement. – Available-for-sale investments would have been carried at fair value rather than at cost and changes in fair value would have been recognized directly in equity. Further information regarding the impact of adopting IAS 32 and IAS 39 is shown in Financial statements – Note 49 on page 168. US generally accepted accounting principles The consolidated ﬁnancial statements of the BP group are prepared in accordance with IFRS, which differs in certain respects from US GAAP. The principal differences between US GAAP and IFRS for BP group reporting are discussed in Financial statements – Note 53 on page 179. The impact of new US accounting standards is also disclosed in that note. 60 Quantitative and qualitative disclosures about market risk The group is exposed to a number of different market risks arising from its normal business activities. Market risk is the possibility that changes in foreign currency exchange rates, interest rates, or oil and natural gas or power prices will adversely affect the value of the group’s ﬁnancial assets, liabilities or expected future cash ﬂows. The group has developed policies aimed at managing the volatility inherent in certain of these natural business exposures and in accordance with these policies the group enters into various transactions using derivative ﬁnancial and commodity instruments (derivatives). Derivatives are contracts whose value is derived from one or more underlying ﬁnancial or commodity instruments, indices or prices which are deﬁned in the contract. The group also trades derivatives in conjunction with its risk management activities. All derivative activity, whether for risk management or trading, is carried out by specialist teams that have the appropriate skills, experience and supervision. These teams are subject to close ﬁnancial and management control, meeting generally accepted industry practice and reﬂecting the principles of the group of Thirty Global Derivatives Study recommendations. Independent control functions monitor compliance with the group’s policies. A Trading Risk Management Committee has oversight of the quality of internal control in the group’s trading function. The control framework includes prescribed trading limits that are reviewed regularly by senior management, daily monitoring of risk exposure using value-at-risk principles, marking trading exposures to market and stress testing to assess the exposure to potentially extreme market situations. The group’s operational, risk management and trading activities in oil, natural gas, power and ﬁnancial markets are managed within a single integrated function that has the responsibility for ensuring high and consistent standards of control, making investments in the necessary systems and supporting infrastructure and providing professional management oversight. In market risk management and trading, conventional exchange- traded derivatives such as futures and options are used, as well as non- exchange-traded instruments such as ‘over-the-counter’ swaps, options and forward contracts. IAS 39 ‘Financial Instruments: Recognition and Measurement’ (IAS 39) prescribes strict criteria for hedge accounting, whether as a cash ﬂow or fair value hedge, and requires that any derivative that does not meet these criteria should be classiﬁed as held for trading purposes and fair valued. BP adopted IAS 32 and IAS 39 with effect from 1 January 2005 without restating prior periods. Consequently, the group’s accounting policy under UK GAAP has been used for 2004. The policy under UK GAAP and the disclosures required by UK GAAP for derivative ﬁnancial instruments are shown in Financial statements – Note 37 on page 148. Where derivatives constitute a fair value hedge, the group’s exposure to market risk created by the derivative is offset by the opposite exposure arising from the asset, liability or transaction being hedged. Gains and losses relating to derivatives designated as part of a cash ﬂow hedge are taken to reserves and recycled through income or to the carrying value of assets, as appropriate as the hedged item is recognized. By contrast, where derivatives are held for trading purposes, realized and unrealized gains and losses are recognized in the period in which they occur. The group also has embedded derivatives classiﬁed as held for trading. not related directly to gas prices, for example, oil product and power prices. In these circumstances, pricing formulae have been determined to be derivatives, embedded within the overall contractual arrangements that are not clearly and closely related to the underlying commodity. The resulting fair value relating to these contracts is recognized on the balance sheet with gains or losses recognized in the income statement. Further information about BP’s use of derivatives, their characteristics and the IFRS accounting treatment thereof is given in Financial statements – Note 1 and Note 36 on pages 100 and 141. There are minor differences in the criteria for hedge accounting under IFRS and SFAS No. 133 ‘Accounting for Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities’. Prior to 1 January 2005, the group did not designate any of its derivative ﬁnancial instruments as part of hedged transactions under SFAS 133. As a result, all changes in fair value were recognized through earnings. See Financial statements – Note 53 on page 179 for further information. Foreign currency exchange rate risk Fluctuations in exchange rates can have signiﬁcant effects on the group’s reported results. The effects of most exchange rate ﬂuctuations are absorbed in business operating results through changing cost- competitiveness, lags in market adjustment to movements in rates and conversion differences accounted for on speciﬁc transactions. For this reason, the total effect of exchange rate ﬂuctuations is not identiﬁable separately in the group’s reported results. The main underlying economic currency of the group’s cash ﬂows is the US dollar. This is because BP’s major product, oil, is priced internationally in US dollars. BP’s foreign exchange management policy is to minimize economic and material transactional exposures arising from currency movements against the US dollar. The group co-ordinates the handling of foreign exchange risks centrally, by netting off naturally occurring opposite exposures wherever possible, to reduce the risks, and then dealing with any material residual foreign exchange risks. The most signiﬁcant residual exposures are capital expenditure and UK and European operational requirements. In addition, most of the group’s borrowings are in US dollars or are hedged with respect to the US dollar. At 31 December 2006, the total of foreign currency borrowings not swapped into US dollars amounted to $957 million. The principal elements of this are $195 million of borrowings in euros, $179 million in Australian dollars, $114 million in Chinese renminbi, $78 million in South African rand, $35 million in sterling, $224 million in Canadian dollars and $76 million in Trinidad & Tobago dollars. The following table provides information about the group’s foreign currency derivative ﬁnancial instruments. These include foreign currency forward exchange agreements (forwards), cylinder option contracts (cylinders) and purchased call options that are sensitive to changes in the sterling/US dollar and euro/US dollar exchange rates. Where foreign currency denominated borrowings are swapped into US dollars using forwards or cross-currency swaps such that currency risk is completely eliminated, neither the borrowing nor the derivative is included in the table. For forwards, the tables present the notional amounts and weighted average contractual exchange rates by contractual maturity dates and exclude forwards that have offsetting positions. Only signiﬁcant forward positions are included in the tables. The notional amounts of forwards are translated into US dollars at the exchange rate included in the contract at inception. The fair value represents an estimate of the gain or loss that would be realized if the contracts were settled at the balance sheet date. Prior to the development of an active gas trading market, UK gas contracts were priced using a basket of available price indices, primarily relating to oil products. Post the development of an active UK gas market, certain contracts were entered into or renegotiated using pricing formulae Cylinders consist of purchased call option and written put option contracts. For cylinders and purchased call options, the tables present the notional amounts of the option contracts at 31 December and the weighted average strike rates. BP Annual Report and Accounts 2006 61 The fair values for the foreign exchange contracts in the table below are based on market prices of comparable instruments (forwards) and pricing models that take into account relevant market data (options). These derivative contracts constitute a hedge; changes in the fair value or expected cash ﬂows are offset by an opposite change in the market value or expected cash ﬂows of the asset, liability or transaction being hedged. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ $ million ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 Total Notional amount by expected maturity date At 31 December 2006 Forwards Beyond 2011 Fair value asset/ (liability) 16 733 82 – – – 9 – – – – 1,113 102 1,685 14 1,685 992 992 – – – Receive sterling/pay US dollars Contract amount Weighted average contractual exchange rate Receive sterling/pay euro Contract amount Weighted average contractual exchange rate Receive euro/pay US dollars Contract amount Weighted average contractual exchange rate Cylinders Receive sterling/pay US dollars Purchased call Contract amount Weighted average strike price Sold put Contract amount Weighted average strike price Receive euro/pay US dollars Purchased call Contract amount Weighted average strike price Sold put Contract amount Weighted average strike price 630 1.76 – 957 1.24 1,685 1.97 1,685 1.89 992 1.35 992 1.27 66 – 136 – – – – 9 – 5 – – – – 6 – 3 – – – – 6 – 3 – – – – Weighted average contractual exchange rates are expressed as US dollars per non-US dollar currency unit. 62 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ $ million ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 Total Beyond 2010 Fair value asset/ liability Notional amount by expected maturity date At 31 December 2005 Forwards Receive sterling/pay US dollars Contract amount Weighted average contractual exchange rate Receive sterling/pay euro Contract amount Weighted average contractual exchange rate Receive euro/pay US dollars Contract amount Weighted average contractual exchange rate Cylinders Receive sterling/pay US dollars Purchased call Contract amount Weighted average strike price Sold put Contract amount Weighted average strike price Receive Euro/pay US dollars Purchased call Contract amount Weighted average strike price Sold put Contract amount Weighted average strike price Purchased call options Receive sterling/pay US dollars Contract amount Weighted average strike price Receive euro/pay US dollars Contract amount Weighted average strike price 1,749 1.78 67 £0.70 1,253 1.22 717 1.84 717 1.77 706 1.29 706 1.21 533 1.97 207 1.42 128 1 102 – – – – – – 25 – 26 – – – – – – 6 – 11 – – – – – – 5 – 8 – – – – – – 22 1,935 (66) – 68 1 30 1,430 (13) – – – – – – 717 3 717 (27) 706 3 706 (23) 533 207 0 0 Weighted average contractual exchange rates are expressed as US dollars per non-US dollar currency unit. Interest rate risk BP is exposed to interest rate risk on short- and long-term ﬂoating rate instruments and as a result of the reﬁnancing of ﬁxed rate ﬁnance debt. The group is exposed predominantly to US dollar LIBOR (London Inter- Bank Offer Rate) interest rates as borrowings are mainly denominated in, or are swapped into, US dollars. To manage the balance between ﬁxed and ﬂoating rate debt, the group enters into interest rate and cross- currency swaps in which the group agrees to exchange, at speciﬁed intervals, the difference between ﬁxed and variable rate interest amounts calculated by reference to an agreed notional principal amount. The proportion of ﬂoating rate debt at 31 December 2006 was 73% of total ﬁnance debt outstanding. BP Annual Report and Accounts 2006 63 The following table shows, by major currency, the group’s ﬁnance debt at 31 December 2006 and 2005 and the weighted average interest rates achieved at those dates through a combination of borrowings and other derivative instruments entered into to manage interest rate and currency exposures. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ % years $ million % $ million $ million ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Fixed rate debt Floating rate debt ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Weighted average interest rate Weighted average time for which rate is ﬁxed Weighted average interest rate Amount Amount Total 5 – 3 7 7 – – 9 3 – 8 8 11 – – 14 5,998 – 61 299 6,358 665 – – 157 822 6 5 4 8 5 6 3 12 17,055 35 134 428 17,652 18,073 76 150 41 18,340 23,053 35 195 727 24,010 18,738 76 150 198 19,162 At 31 December 2006 US dollar Sterling Euro Other currencies Total loans At 31 December 2005 US dollar Sterling Euro Other currencies Total loans ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ The group’s earnings are sensitive to changes in interest rates over the forthcoming year as a result of the ﬂoating rate instruments included in the group’s ﬁnance debt at 31 December 2006. These include the effect of interest rate and currency swaps and forwards utilized to manage interest rate risk. If the interest rates applicable to ﬂoating rate instruments were to have increased by 1% on 1 January 2007, the group’s 2007 earnings before taxes would decrease by approximately $180 million. This assumes that the amount and mix of ﬁxed and ﬂoating rate debt, including ﬁnance leases, remains unchanged from that in place at 31 December 2006 and that the change in interest rates is effective from the beginning of the year. Where the interest rate applicable to an instrument is reset during a quarter it is assumed that this occurs at the beginning of the quarter and remains unchanged for the rest of the year. In reality, the ﬁxed/ﬂoating rate mix will ﬂuctuate over the year and interest rates will change continually. Furthermore, the effect on earnings shown by this analysis does not consider the effect of an overall reduction in economic activity which could accompany such an increase in interest rates. Derivatives held for trading In conjunction with the risk management activities discussed above, the group also trades interest rate and foreign exchange rate derivatives and, in addition, undertakes trading and risk management of certain speciﬁed commodities. In order to disclose a complete picture of activities in relation to commodity derivatives, all activity (trading and risk management) is included in aggregate in Financial statements – Note 36 on page 141. The group’s operational, risk management and trading activities in oil, natural gas, power and ﬁnancial markets are managed within a single integrated function. The group’s risk management policy requires the management of only certain short-term exposures in respect of its equity share of production and certain of its reﬁnery and marketing activities. These risks are managed in combination with the group’s supply and trading activities. To this end, the group’s supply and trading function uses the full range of conventional ﬁnancial and commodity derivatives available in the related commodity markets. Natural gas swaps, options and futures are used to convert speciﬁc sale and purchase contracts from ﬁxed prices to market prices. Swaps are also used to manage exposures to gas price differentials between locations. The group’s oil supply and trading activities undertake the full range of conventional derivative ﬁnancial and commodity instruments and physical cargoes available in the commodity markets. Power trading is undertaken using a combination of over-the- counter forward contracts and other derivative contracts, including options and futures. This activity is on both a standalone basis and in conjunction with gas derivatives in relation to gas-generated power margin. In addition, NGLs are traded around certain US inventory locations using over-the-counter forward contracts in conjunction with over-the-counter swaps, options and physical inventories. 64 Directors, senior management and employees Directors and senior management The following lists the company’s directors and senior management as at 20 February 2007. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Name ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ P D Sutherland Non-Executive Chairman Sir Ian Prosser Non-Executive Deputy Chairman The Lord Browne of Madingley Executive Director (Group Chief Executive) Dr A B Hayward Dr D C Allen P B P Bevan S Bott I C Conn V Cox Dr B E Grote A G Inglis R A Malone J A Manzoni J H Bryan A Burgmans Sir William Castell E B Davis, Jr D J Flint Dr D S Julius Sir Tom McKillop Dr W E Massey Executive Director (Group Chief Executive designate) Executive Director (Group Chief of Staff) Group General Counsel Executive Vice President, Human Resources Executive Director (Group Executive Ofﬁcer, Strategic Resources) Executive Vice President, Gas, Power & Renewables Executive Director (Chief Financial Ofﬁcer) Executive Director (Chief Executive, Exploration and Production) Executive Vice President (Chairman and President of BP America Inc.) Executive Director (Chief Executive, Reﬁning and Marketing) Non-Executive Director Non-Executive Director Non-Executive Director Non-Executive Director Non-Executive Director Non-Executive Director Non-Executive Director Non-Executive Director Initially elected or appointed Chairman since May 1997 Director since July 1995 Deputy chairman since February 1999 Director since May 1997 September 1991 February 2003 February 2003 September 1992 March 2005 July 2004 July 2004 August 2000 February 2007 July 2006 February 2003 December 1998 February 2004 July 2006 December 1998 January 2005 November 2001 July 2004 December 1998 On 12 January 2007, BP announced that Lord Browne of Madingley would retire as group chief executive at the end of July 2007 and that Dr A B Hayward, currently head of BP’s exploration and production business, would succeed him at that time. Mr M H Wilson resigned as a director on 28 February 2006 and Mr H M P Miles retired as a director on 20 April 2006. Sir William Castell was appointed a non-executive director on 20 July 2006 and Mr A G Inglis was appointed an executive director on 1 February 2007. At the company’s 2006 annual general meeting (AGM), the following directors retired, offered themselves for re-election and were duly re-elected: Dr D C Allen, The Lord Browne of Madingley, Mr J H Bryan, Mr A Burgmans, Mr I C Conn, Mr E B Davis, Jr, Mr D J Flint, Dr B E Grote, Dr A B Hayward, Dr D S Julius, Sir Tom McKillop, Mr J A Manzoni, Dr W E Massey, Sir Ian Prosser and Mr P D Sutherland. David Jackson (54) was appointed company secretary in 2003. A solicitor, he is a director of BP Pension Trustees Limited, a director of Business in the Community and a member of the Listing Authorities Advisory Committee. P D Sutherland, KCMG Peter Sutherland (60) rejoined BP’s board in 1995, having been a non- executive director from 1990 to 1993, and was appointed chairman in 1997. He is non-executive chairman of Goldman Sachs International and a non-executive director of Investor AB and The Royal Bank of Scotland Group. Chairman of the chairman’s and nomination committees Sir Ian Prosser Sir Ian (63) joined BP’s board in 1997 and was appointed non-executive deputy chairman in 1999. He is the senior non-executive director. He retired as chairman of InterContinental Hotels Group PLC, previously Bass PLC, in 2003. He is the senior independent non-executive director of GlaxoSmithKline plc and a non-executive director of the Sara Lee Corporation. He was previously on the boards of The Boots Company PLC and Lloyds TSB PLC. Member of the chairman’s, nomination and remuneration committees and chairman of the audit committee The Lord Browne of Madingley, FRS, FREng John Browne (59) joined BP in 1966 and subsequently held a variety of exploration and production and ﬁnance posts in the US, UK and Canada. He was appointed an executive director in 1991 and group chief executive in 1995. He will retire as group chief executive at the end of July 2007. He is a non-executive director of Goldman Sachs Group Inc. He was knighted in 1998 and made a life peer in 2001. Dr A B Hayward Tony Hayward (49) joined BP in 1982. He held a series of roles in exploration and production, becoming a director of exploration and production in 1997. In 2000, he was made group treasurer, and an executive vice president in 2002. He was chief executive ofﬁcer of exploration and production between 2002 and 1 February 2007, becoming an executive director in 2003. He has been appointed to succeed Lord Browne as group chief executive following Lord Browne’s retirement in July. Dr Hayward is a non-executive director of Corus Group plc. Dr D C Allen David Allen (52) joined BP in 1978 and subsequently undertook a number of corporate and exploration and production roles in London and New York. He moved to BP’s corporate planning function in 1986, becoming group vice president in 1999. He was appointed executive vice president and group chief of staff in 2000 and an executive director of BP in 2003. He is a director of BP Pension Trustees Limited. P B P Bevan Peter Bevan (62) joined BP in 1970 after qualifying as a solicitor with a City of London ﬁrm. He worked initially in the law department of BP’s chemicals business. He became group general counsel in 1992 following roles as manager of the legal function of BP Exploration, assistant company secretary and deputy group legal adviser. He was appointed an executive vice president of BP p.l.c. in 1998. S Bott Sally Bott (57) joined BP in March 2005 as an executive vice president responsible for global human resources management. She joined Citibank in 1970 and, following a variety of roles, was appointed a vice president in BP Annual Report and Accounts 2006 65 human resources in 1979 and subsequently held a series of positions as a human resources director to sectors of Citibank. In 1994, she joined BZW, an investment bank, as head of human resources and in 1996 became group human resources director of Barclays Group. From 2000 to early 2005, she was managing director and head of global human resources at insurance brokers Marsh Inc. I C Conn Iain Conn (44) joined BP in 1986. Following a variety of roles in oil trading, commercial reﬁning, retail and commercial marketing operations, and exploration and production, in 2000 he became group vice president of BP’s reﬁning and marketing business. From 2002 to 2004, he was chief executive of petrochemicals. He was appointed group executive ofﬁcer with a range of regional and functional responsibilities and an executive director in 2004. He is a non-executive director of Rolls-Royce Group plc. V Cox Vivienne Cox (47) joined BP in 1981. Following a series of commercial roles, she was appointed chief executive of Air BP in 1998. From 1999 until 2001, she was group vice president of BP Oil, responsible for business-to-business marketing and oil supply and trading. From 2001 to 2004, she was group vice president for integrated supply and trading. In 2004, she was appointed an executive vice president, responsible for gas, power and renewables in addition to the supply and trading businesses and, in late 2005, also became responsible for BP Alternative Energy. She is a non-executive director of Rio Tinto plc. Dr B E Grote Byron Grote (58) joined BP in 1987 following the acquisition of The Standard Oil Company of Ohio, where he had worked since 1979. He became group treasurer in 1992 and in 1994 regional chief executive in Latin America. In 1999, he was appointed an executive vice president of exploration and production, and chief executive of chemicals in 2000. He was appointed an executive director of BP in 2000 and chief ﬁnancial ofﬁcer in 2002. He is a non-executive director of Unilever NV and Unilever PLC. A G Inglis Andy Inglis (47) joined BP in 1980, working on various North Sea projects. Following a series of commercial roles in exploration, in 1996 he became chief of staff, exploration and production. From 1997 until 1999, he was responsible for leading BP’s activities in the deepwater Gulf of Mexico. In 1999, he was appointed vice president of BP’s US western gas business unit. In 2004, he became executive vice president and deputy chief executive of exploration and production. He was appointed chief executive of BP’s exploration and production business and an executive director on 1 February 2007. R A Malone Bob Malone (54) was appointed chairman and president of BP America Inc. and an executive vice president in mid-2006. He started his career in 1974 at Kennecott Copper Corporation, holding various roles in environmental engineering, operations and safety. From 1981 until 1988, he was director of health, safety and environment for Kennecott and later for BP America. In 1993, he became president of BP Pipelines Alaska and, in 1996, president and chief operating ofﬁcer of Alyeska Pipeline Service Company. In 2000, he became western regional president for BP America and from 2002 until 2006 he was chief executive of BP Shipping Limited. J A Manzoni John Manzoni (47) joined BP in 1983. He became group vice president for European marketing in 1999 and BP regional president for the eastern US in 2000. In 2001, he became an executive vice president and chief executive for gas and power. He was appointed chief executive of reﬁning and marketing in 2002 and an executive director of BP in 2003. He is a non-executive director of SABMiller plc. J H Bryan John Bryan (70) joined BP’s board in 1998, having previously been a director of Amoco. He serves on the boards of General Motors Corporation and Goldman Sachs Group Inc. He retired as the chairman of Sara Lee Corporation in 2001. He is chairman of Millennium Park Inc. in Chicago. Member of the chairman’s, audit and remuneration committees 66 A Burgmans Antony Burgmans (60) joined BP’s board in 2004. He was appointed to the board of Unilever in 1991. In 1999, he became chairman of Unilever NV and vice chairman of Unilever PLC. He was appointed chairman of Unilever NV and Unilever PLC in 2005. He is also a member of the supervisory board of Akzo Nobel NV. Member of the chairman’s and safety, ethics and environment assurance committees Sir William Castell, LVO Sir William (59) joined BP’s board in July 2006. From 1990 to 2004, he was chief executive of Amersham plc and subsequently president and chief executive ofﬁcer of GE Healthcare. He was appointed as a vice chairman of the board of GE in 2004, stepping down from this post in 2006 when he became chairman of the Wellcome Trust. He remains a non-executive director of GE and is a trustee of London’s Natural History Museum. Member of the chairman’s, audit and safety, ethics and environment assurance committees E B Davis, Jr Erroll B Davis, Jr (62) joined BP’s board in 1998, having previously been a director of Amoco. He was chairman and chief executive ofﬁcer of Alliant Energy, relinquishing this dual appointment in 2005. He continued as chairman of Alliant Energy until February 2006, leaving to become chancellor of the University System of Georgia. He is a non-executive director of PPG Industries, Union Paciﬁc Corporation and the US Olympic Committee. Member of the chairman’s, audit and remuneration committees D J Flint, CBE Douglas Flint (51) joined BP’s board in 2005. He trained as a chartered accountant and became a partner at KPMG in 1988. In 1995, he was appointed group ﬁnance director of HSBC Holdings plc. He was chairman of the Financial Reporting Council’s review of the Turnbull Guidance on Internal Control. Between 2001 and 2004, he served on the Accounting Standards Board and the Standards Advisory Council of the International Accounting Standards Board. Member of the chairman’s and audit committees Dr D S Julius, CBE DeAnne Julius (57) joined BP’s board in 2001. She began her career as a project economist with the World Bank in Washington. From 1986 until 1997, she held a succession of posts, including chief economist at British Airways and Royal Dutch Shell Group. From 1997 to 2001, she was an independent member of the Monetary Policy Committee of the Bank of England. She is chairman of the Royal Institute of International Affairs and a non-executive director of Lloyds TSB Group PLC, Roche Holdings SA and Serco Group plc. Member of the chairman’s and nomination committees and chairman of the remuneration committee Sir Tom McKillop Sir Tom (63) joined BP’s board in 2004. Sir Tom was chief executive of AstraZeneca PLC from the merger of Astra AB and Zeneca Group PLC in 1999 until December 2005. He was a non-executive director of Lloyds TSB Group PLC until 2004 and is chairman of The Royal Bank of Scotland Group. Member of the chairman’s, remuneration and safety, ethics and environment assurance committees Dr W E Massey Walter Massey (68) joined BP’s board in 1998, having previously been a director of Amoco. He is president of Morehouse College, a non- executive director of Bank of America and McDonald’s Corporation and a member of President Bush’s Council of Advisors on Science and Technology. Member of the chairman’s and nomination committees and chairman of the safety, ethics and environment assurance committee Employees ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ UK Rest of Europe 3,500 11,300 300 1,800 16,900 3,100 11,300 200 1,900 16,500 2,900 10,400 200 4,000 17,500 700 18,600 700 200 20,200 700 19,700 700 200 21,300 600 19,500 800 5,000 25,900 USA 6,200 23,900 1,800 1,800 33,700 5,600 25,200 1,500 2,100 34,400 5,000 26,500 1,400 4,000 36,900 Rest of World 8,600 15,700 1,700 200 26,200 7,600 14,600 1,700 100 24,000 7,100 13,400 1,600 500 22,600 Total 19,000 69,500 4,500 4,000 97,000 17,000 70,800 4,100 4,300 96,200 15,600 69,800 4,000 13,500 102,900 Number of employees at 31 December 2006 Exploration and Production Reﬁning and Marketing Gas, Power and Renewables Other businesses and corporate 2005 Exploration and Production Reﬁning and Marketing Gas, Power and Renewables Other businesses and corporate 2004 Exploration and Production Reﬁning and Marketing Gas, Power and Renewables Other businesses and corporate ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Employee numbers decreased in 2005 compared with 2004, primarily due to the sale of Innovene. The company seeks to maintain constructive relationships with labour unions. BP Annual Report and Accounts 2006 67 Directors’ remuneration report This is the board’s report to shareholders on directors’ remuneration. It covers both executive directors and non-executive directors. The ﬁrst and third parts were prepared by the remuneration committee. The second part was prepared by the company secretary on behalf of the board. The report has been approved by the board and signed on its behalf by the company secretary. The report is subject to the approval of shareholders at the annual general meeting (AGM). Contents Part 1 Executive directors’ remuneration 68 Letter to shareholders 2006 remuneration Remuneration policy Salary Annual bonus Long-term incentives Pensions Service contracts Part 2 Non-executive directors Part 3 Additional statutory and other disclosures Historical TSR performance graph Pensions table Share element of EDIP and LTPPs table Share options table 72 73 Part 1 – Executive directors’ remuneration Dear Shareholder Executive directors’ remuneration for 2006 reﬂects a clear set of principles, set out in the pages that follow. At their heart is the importance of matching reward to performance, in a way that both reﬂects shareholders’ interests and provides fair and competitive compensation to the executives. As described elsewhere, 2006 was a year of strong ﬁnancial performance for the group. A number of strategic and operational milestones were attained. However, the year also brought serious challenges and in key operational and safety areas company performance fell short of expectations. The remuneration committee has carefully evaluated performance against the quantitative measures set at the beginning of the year. We also made a qualitative assessment of the effect on the company and its reputation of adverse events and developments in the year. The executive team responded to these challenges with determination and a sincere commitment to implement the lessons learned. However, taking a balanced judgement on the year, the remuneration committee halved the bonuses that would have resulted directly from their quantitative assessment. This, and all other remuneration received, is shown on the following page. We have made some changes to the style and format of the remuneration report this year in order to make it easier to read and understand. Our aim has been to set out clearly the principles and policy on which we base executive directors’ remuneration, as well as the ﬁgures for 2006. In addition, full details of arrangements agreed for Lord Browne’s retirement later in 2007 and information on recent changes in remuneration for Dr Hayward and Mr Inglis are included in the relevant sections. Dr D S Julius Chairman, Remuneration Committee 23 February 2007 68 2006 remuneration All remuneration paid to executive directors in 2006 is summarized in the table below. The annual bonuses are shown in the year they were earned. The remuneration committee reviewed base salaries in 2006 and awarded increases between 5% and 10% of base salary from 1 July for each director. These increases are reﬂected in the numbers below and their current base salary is shown on page 71. All executive directors are part of a ﬁnal salary pension scheme, the details of which are set out later in this report. Accrued annual pension earned as of 31 December 2006 is £1,050,000 for Lord Browne, £228,000 for Dr Allen, £170,000 for Mr Conn, $675,000 for Dr Grote, £239,000 for Dr Hayward and £188,000 for Mr Manzoni. Service and transfer value detail is shown on page 74. Summary of remuneration of executive directors in 2006a ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Annual remuneration ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Long-term remuneration Share element of EDIP/LTPPsb 2003-2005 plan 2004-2006 plan 2006-2008 plan (vested in Feb 2006) (vested in Feb 2007) (awarded in Feb 2006) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Potential maximum performance sharesf Non-cash beneﬁts and other emoluments (thousand) 2005 Annual performance bonus (thousand) Valuee (thousand) Valuec (thousand) Actual shares vestedd Total (thousand) Salary (thousand) Actual shares vested 2005 2006 2005 2006 2006 2005 2006 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1,761,249 Lord Browne 380,668 474,384 £3,067 £1,451 £1,531 £3,291 £2,044 £1,750 £2,526 £900 £90 £95 Dr A B Hayward Dr D C Allen I C Conn Dr B E Grote J A Manzoni £431 £431 £421 $923 £431 £463 £463 £463 $973 £463 £460 £480 £450 $1,100 £440 £250 £250 £250 $525 £250 £14 £12 £43 $0 £47 £20 £13 £42 $1 £45 £905 £923 £914 £733 £726 £755 $2,023 $1,499 £918 £758 147,783 147,783 68,250 175,229 147,783 £955 £955 £441 $1,979 £955 112,941 112,941 54,600 127,601 112,941 £606 £606 £293 $1,338 £606 383,200 383,200 383,200 470,432 383,200 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Amounts shown are in the currency received by executive directors. Annual bonuses are shown in the year they were earned. a This information has been subject to audit. b Long Term Performance Plans. c Based on market price on vesting date (£6.465 per share/$67.76 per ADS). d Gross award of shares based on a performance assessment by the remuneration committee and on the other terms of the plan. Sufficient shares are sold to pay for tax applicable. Remaining shares are held in trust for current directors until 2010, when they are released to the individual. e Based on market price on vesting date (£5.37 per share/$62.91 per ADS). f Maximum potential shares that could vest at the end of the three-year period depending on performance. Annual bonus result The 2006 annual bonus was based on performance relative to measures and targets set at the beginning of the year, as well as other factors the remuneration committee determined were relevant. Financial and operational metrics from the annual plan carried a 50% weighting and focused on earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization (EBITDA), return on average capital employed (ROACE) and safety, environment and production targets. Strategic milestones, including those relating to technology, operations and business development, accounted for 30%. Individual performance, including both leadership objectives and living the values of the group, accounted for 20%. On the ﬁnancial side, underlying EBITDA was marginally below target. There were negative effects from US operating issues and positive effects from improvements in operating performance. ROACE was marginally above target. Cash costs and capital expenditure came in around target levels. Planned divestments of non-strategic assets achieved premium prices. Targets were met for personal safety, greenhouse gas emissions, oil and gas discovered volumes and proved reserves. Average production rate was below target. With respect to milestones, seven of nine major projects were completed as planned. However, the Thunder Horse development was delayed. Good progress was achieved to deﬁne and sanction a further 18 major projects. The alternative energy business exceeded its objectives. Good progress was made in developing and implementing a major six-point plan for improving safety and operational integrity. In terms of individual performance, in a period of signiﬁcant challenges, the executive directors demonstrated commitment, determination and unity to address issues and improve performance. While the quantitative assessment generated a near-target score, the remuneration committee also considered broader qualitative factors. These included the ﬁndings of internal and external reports on operational and safety issues in the US business. On balance, the committee judged that bonus levels should be reduced by 50% from the level they would otherwise have been. The resulting annual bonuses are set out in the table above. 2004-2006 share element result For the 2004-2006 share element of the Executive Directors’ Incentive Plan (EDIP), BP’s performance was assessed in terms of shareholder return against the market (SHRAM), ROACE and earnings per share (EPS) growth. BP’s three-year SHRAM was measured against the companies in the FTSE All World Oil & Gas Index. Companies within the index are weighted according to their market capitalization at the beginning of the three-year period in order to give greatest emphasis to oil majors. BP’s ROACE and EPS growth were measured against ExxonMobil, Shell, Total and Chevron. Based on a performance assessment of 60 points out of 200 (0 for SHRAM, 50 for ROACE and 10 for EPS growth), the committee made awards of shares to executive directors as shown in the 2004-2006 columns in the table above. BP Annual Report and Accounts 2006 69 Remuneration policy Our remuneration policy for executive directors aims to ensure there is a clear link between the company’s purpose, the business plans and executive reward, with pay varying with performance. In order to achieve this, the policy is based on these key principles: – The remuneration structure will support BP’s aim to maximize long-term shareholder value. – The structure will reﬂect a fair system of reward for all the participants. – The remuneration committee will determine the overall amount of each component of remuneration, taking into account the success of BP and the competitive environment. – The majority of executive remuneration will be linked to the achievement of demanding performance targets, independently set to support the creation of long-term shareholder value. – There will be a quantitative and qualitative assessment of performance, with the remuneration committee making an informed judgement within a framework approved by shareholders. – Pay and employment conditions elsewhere in the group will be taken into account, especially in setting annual salary increases. – Executives will develop a signiﬁcant personal shareholding in order to align their interests with those of shareholders. – The remuneration policy for executive directors will be reviewed regularly, independently of executive management, and will set the tone for the remuneration of other senior executives. – The remuneration committee will actively seek to understand shareholder preferences. – Remuneration policy and practice will be as transparent as possible. Executive directors’ total remuneration consists of salary, annual bonus, long-term incentives, pensions and other beneﬁts. The remuneration committee reviews this structure regularly to ensure it is achieving its aims. In 2006, well over three-quarters of executive directors’ total potential remuneration was performance-related, in line with the target. The same will be true for potential remuneration in 2007. Salary The remuneration committee reviews salaries annually, taking into account other large Europe-based global companies and companies in the US oil and gas sector. These groups are each deﬁned and analysed by the committee’s independent remuneration advisers. The committee makes a judgement on salary levels based on its assessment of market conditions and the external advice. Annual bonus All executive directors are eligible to take part in an annual performance- based bonus scheme. The remuneration committee sets bonus targets and levels of eligibility each year. The target level for 2007 is 120% of base salary. In normal circumstances, the maximum payment for substantially exceeding performance targets will continue to be 150% of base salary. Annual bonus awards for 2007 will be based on a mix of demanding ﬁnancial targets, based on the annual plan and the leadership objectives set at the beginning of the year. The weightings on annual bonus targets are: – 50% Financial metrics from the annual plan, principally EBITDA, cash costs and capital expenditure. – 30% Non-ﬁnancial measures focusing on health, safety and the environment; growth; and reputation. – 20% Individual performance against leadership objectives and against living the values of the group (incorporating BP’s code of conduct). The remuneration committee will also review carefully the underlying performance of the group in the light of the ﬁve-year business plan and will look at competitors’ results, analysts’ reports and the views of the chairmen of other BP board committees when assessing results. In exceptional circumstances, the remuneration committee can decide to award bonuses moderately above the maximum level. The committee can also decide to reduce bonuses where this is warranted, and in exceptional circumstances bonuses could be reduced to zero. We have a duty to shareholders to use our discretion in a reasonable and informed manner, acting in the best interests of the company, 70 and also to be accountable and transparent in our decisions. Any signiﬁcant exercise of discretion will be explained in the subsequent directors’ remuneration report. Group chief executive As for previous years, the target level for 2007 for Lord Browne is 130% of base salary, with a maximum payment for substantially exceeding performance targets of 165% of base salary. Lord Browne will retire on 31 July 2007. His annual bonus award for 2007 will be pro-rated to reﬂect his service during the ﬁnancial year up to his retirement in July. Long-term incentives Each executive director participates in the EDIP. It has three elements: shares, share options and cash. The remuneration committee did not use either share option or cash elements in 2006 and would only do so in 2007 in exceptional circumstances. This section describes the share element. We intend that executive directors will continue to receive performance shares under the EDIP, barring unforeseen circumstances, until it expires or is renewed in 2010. Policy The remuneration committee can award shares to executive directors that will only vest to the extent that demanding performance conditions are satisﬁed at the end of a three-year period. The maximum number of these performance shares that can be awarded to an executive director in any year is at the discretion of the remuneration committee, but will not normally exceed 5.5 times base salary (7.5 times base salary in the case of the group chief executive). In exceptional circumstances, the committee also has an overriding discretion to reduce the number of shares that vest or to decide that no shares vest. The compulsory retention period will also be decided by the committee and will not normally be less than three years. Together with the performance period, this gives executive directors a six-year incentive structure, as shown in the timeline below, which is designed to ensure their interests are aligned with those of shareholders. --------------- -------------- -------------- --------------- -------------- -------------- -------------- --------------- -------------- -------------- --- TIMELINE FOR 2007-2009 EDIP SHARE ELEMENT -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Performance period Retention period Award Vesting Release 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 --------------- -------------- -------------- --------------- -------------- -------------- -------------- --------------- -------------- -------------- --- Where shares vest under awards made in 2007 and future years, the executive director will receive additional shares representing the value of the reinvested dividends. The committee’s policy continues to be that each executive director should hold shares equivalent in value to ﬁve times his or her base salary within ﬁve years of appointment as an executive director. This policy is reﬂected in the terms of the EDIP, as shares awarded will only be released at the end of the three-year retention period, described below, if these minimum shareholding guidelines are met. Performance conditions For performance share awards in 2007, the performance conditions will continue to relate to BP’s total shareholder return (TSR) compared with other oil majors – ExxonMobil, Shell, Total and Chevron – over a three- year period. We have the discretion to alter this comparison group if circumstances change, for example, if there are signiﬁcant consolidations in the industry. We consider this relative TSR to be the most appropriate measure of performance for the purpose of long-term incentives for executive directors. It best reﬂects the creation of shareholder value while minimizing the impact of sector-speciﬁc effects such as the oil price. TSR is calculated as share price performance over the relevant period, assuming dividends are reinvested. All share prices are averaged over the three months before the beginning and end of the performance period. They are measured in US dollars. At the end of the performance period, the companies’ TSRs will be ranked. Executive directors’ performance shares will vest at 100%, 70% and 35% if BP is ranked ﬁrst, second or third respectively; none will vest if BP is in fourth or ﬁfth place. As the comparator group is small and as the oil majors’ underlying businesses are broadly similar, a simple ranking could sometimes distort BP’s underlying business performance relative to the comparators. The committee is therefore able to exercise discretion in a reasonable and informed manner to adjust the vesting level upwards or downwards to reﬂect better the underlying health of BP’s business. This would be judged by reference to a range of measures including ROACE, growth in EPS, reserves replacement and cash ﬂow. The need to exercise discretion is most likely to arise when the TSR of some companies is clustered, so that a relatively small difference in TSR performance would produce a major difference in vesting levels. The remuneration committee will explain any adjustments in the next directors’ remuneration report following the vesting, in line with its commitment to transparency. Group chief executive As noted above, as group chief executive, Lord Browne is eligible for performance share awards of up to 7.5 times his base salary. While the largest part of this is related to TSR, the committee has decided that up to two times base salary should be based on long-term leadership measures. These focus on sustaining BP’s ﬁnancial, strategic and organizational health. They include, among other measures, maintenance of BP’s performance culture and the continued development of BP’s business strategy, executive talent and internal organization. As with the TSR element, this element will be assessed over a three-year performance period. The remuneration committee has agreed that Lord Browne will be granted a share award under the 2007-2009 plan on the above basis. The performance targets for this award (and those granted to him on the same basis in 2005 and 2006) will be assessed by the remuneration committee at the end of the three-year performance period that applies to each award. The actual number of shares received will depend on the extent to which relevant performance conditions are satisﬁed. Pensions Executive directors are eligible to participate in the appropriate pension schemes applying in their home countries. Additional details are given on page 74. UK directors UK directors are members of the regular BP Pension Scheme. The core beneﬁts under this scheme are non-contributory. They include a pension accrual of 1/60th of basic salary for each year of service, up to a maximum of two-thirds of ﬁnal basic salary and a dependant’s beneﬁt of two-thirds of the member’s pension. The scheme pension is not integrated with state pension beneﬁts. The rules of the BP Pension Scheme have recently been amended such that the normal retirement age is 65. Scheme members can retire on or after age 60 without reduction. Special early retirement terms apply to pre-1 December 2006 service for members with long service as at 1 December 2006. In April 2006, the UK government made important changes to the operation and taxation of pensions. The remuneration committee decided to deliver pension beneﬁts in excess of the new lifetime allowance of £1.5 million set by the legislation via an unapproved, unfunded pension arrangement paid by the company direct. US directors Dr Grote participates in the US BP Retirement Accumulation Plan (US plan), which features a cash balance formula. The US plan took its current form on 1 July 2000. Pension beneﬁts are provided through a combination of tax-qualiﬁed and non-qualiﬁed beneﬁt restoration plans, consistent with US tax regulations as applicable. The Supplemental Executive Retirement Beneﬁt (supplemental plan) is a non-qualiﬁed top-up arrangement that became effective on 1 January 2002 for US employees above a speciﬁed salary level. The beneﬁt formula is 1.3% of ﬁnal average earnings, which comprise base salary and bonus in accordance with standard US practice (and as speciﬁed under the qualiﬁed arrangement), multiplied by years of service. There is an offset for beneﬁts payable under all other BP qualiﬁed and non-qualiﬁed pension arrangements. This beneﬁt is unfunded and therefore paid from corporate assets. Dr Grote is eligible to participate under the supplemental plan. His pension accrual for 2006, shown in the table on page 74, includes the total amount that could become payable under all plans. Other beneﬁts Executive directors are eligible to participate in regular employee beneﬁt plans and in all-employee share saving schemes and savings plans applying in their home countries. Beneﬁts in kind are not pensionable. Expatriates may receive a resettlement allowance for a limited period. Service contracts Directora --------- -------- -------- --------- -------- -------- --------- -------- ------ -- -------- --------- -------- -------- --------- -------- -- ------ --------- ---- Contract date Salary as at 31 Dec 2006 --------- -------- -------- --------- -------- -------- --------- -------- ------ -- -------- --------- -------- -------- --------- -------- -- ------ --------- ---- Lord Browne 11 Nov 1993 £1,575,000 Dr A B Hayward Dr D C Allen I C Conn Dr B E Grote J A Manzoni 29 Jan 2003 29 Jan 2003 22 Jul 2004 7 Aug 2000 29 Jan 2003 £485,000 £485,000 £485,000 $1,000,000 £485,000 a Subsequent to 31 December 2006, Dr Hayward’s salary was increased to £750,000 and Mr Inglis’ salary, on appointment to the board, to £425,000. When Lord Browne retires on 31 July 2007, he will become entitled to a payment equal to the aggregate of 12 months’ base salary at that date, his target annual bonus level (130% of base salary) and £90,000 in respect of fringe beneﬁts. In accordance with the committee’s policy, the payment will be made in four quarterly instalments (the ﬁrst payable in November 2007) and each instalment will be reduced by an amount equal to any of Lord Browne’s replacement earnings for the quarter in question, to the extent that such earnings exceed one-third of the relevant quarterly instalment. Service contracts are expressed to expire at a normal retirement age of 60 (subject to age discrimination). The contracts have a notice period of one year. The service contracts of Dr Allen, Mr Conn, Dr Hayward and Mr Manzoni may be terminated by the company at any time with immediate effect, on payment in lieu of notice equivalent to one year’s salary, or the amount of salary that would have been paid if the contract had terminated on the expiry of the remainder of the notice period. Dr Grote’s contract is with BP Exploration (Alaska) Inc. He is seconded to BP p.l.c. under a secondment agreement of 7 August 2000, which had an unexpired term of one year on 31 December 2006. The secondment can be terminated by one month’s notice by either party and terminates automatically on the termination of Dr Grote’s service contract. There are no other provisions for compensation payable on early termination of the above contracts. In the event of the early termination of any of the contracts by the company, other than for cause (or under a speciﬁc termination payment provision), the relevant director’s then-current salary and beneﬁts would be taken into account in calculating any liability of the company. Since January 2003, new service contracts have included a provision to allow for severance payments to be phased, when appropriate. The committee will also consider mitigation to reduce compensation to a departing director, when appropriate to do so. BP Annual Report and Accounts 2006 71 Remuneration of non-executive directors in 2006a ------------------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------- £ thousand ------------------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------- Current directors 2005 ------------------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------- 110 J H Bryan 110 2006 A Burgmans Sir William Castellb E B Davis, Jr D J Flint Dr D S Julius Sir Tom McKillop Dr W E Massey Sir Ian Prosser P D Sutherland 85 38.5 100 100 105 85 130 130 500 90 n/a 110 90 107 90 130 135 500 Directors leaving the board in 2006 ------------------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------- H M P Milesc d 90 M H Wilsone 22.5 105 30 a This information has been subject to audit. b Appointed on 20 July 2006. c Also received a superannuation gratuity of £46,000. d Also received £37,500 for serving as a director and non-executive chairman of BP Pension Trustees Limited. e Also received a superannuation gratuity of £21,000. Based on the current fee structure, the table above shows the 2006 remuneration of each non-executive director. Non-executive directors have letters of appointment that recognize that, subject to the Articles of Association, their service is at the discretion of shareholders. All directors stand for re-election at each AGM. Non-executive directors of Amoco Corporation Non-executive directors who were formerly non-executive directors of Amoco Corporation have residual entitlements under the Amoco Non- Employee Directors’ Restricted Stock Plan. Directors were allocated restricted stock in remuneration for their service on the board of Amoco Corporation prior to its merger with BP in 1998. On merger, interests in Amoco shares in the plan were converted into interests in BP ADSs. The restricted stock will vest on the retirement of the non-executive director at the age of 70 (or earlier at the discretion of the board). Since the merger, no further entitlements have accrued to any director under the plan. The residual interests, as interests in a long-term incentive scheme, are set out in the table below, in accordance with the Directors’ Remuneration Report Regulations 2002. --------- -------- -------- --------- -------- -------- --------- -------- ------ -- -------- --------- -------- -------- --------- -------- -- ------ --------- ---- Interest in BP ADSs at 1 Jan 2006 and 31 Dec 2006a Date on which director reaches age 70b --------- -------- -------- --------- -------- -------- --------- -------- ------ -- -------- --------- -------- -------- --------- -------- -- ------ --------- ---- J H Bryan 5 Oct 2006 5,546 E B Davis, Jr Dr W E Massey 4,490 3,346 5 Aug 2014 5 Apr 2008 Director leaving the board in 2006 --------- -------- -------- --------- -------- -------- --------- -------- ------ -- -------- --------- -------- -------- --------- -------- -- ------ --------- ---- M H Wilsonc 4 Nov 2007 3,170 a No awards were granted and no awards lapsed during the year. The awards were granted over Amoco stock prior to the merger but their notional weighted average market value at the date of grant (applying the subsequent merger ratio of 0.66167 of a BP ADS for every Amoco share) was $27.87 per BP ADS. b For the purposes of the regulations, the date on which the director retires from the board at or after the age of 70 is the end of the qualifying period. If the director retires prior to this date, the board may waive the restrictions. c Mr Wilson resigned from the board on 28 February 2006. Mr Wilson had received awards of Amoco shares under the plan between 1 November 1993 and 28 April 1998 prior to the merger. These interests had been converted into BP ADSs at the time of the merger. In accordance with the terms of the plan, the board exercised its discretion over this award on 11 May 2006 and the shares vested on that date (when the BP ADS market price was $76.07) without payment by him. Part 2 – Non-executive directors’ remuneration Policy The board sets the level of remuneration for all non-executive directors within the limit approved from time to time by shareholders. The remuneration of the chairman is set by the board rather than the remuneration committee, in line with BP’s governance policies, as we believe the performance of the chairman is a matter for the board as a whole rather than any one committee. The board’s policy is that non- executive remuneration should be consistent with recognized best-practice standards. Non-executive directors are encouraged to establish a holding in BP shares broadly related to one year’s base fee. Annual fee structure Non-executive directors’ remuneration consists of the following elements: – Cash fees, paid monthly, with increments for positions of additional responsibility, reﬂecting workload and potential liability. – A ﬁxed allowance, currently £5,000, for transatlantic or equivalent inter-continental travel to attend a board or board committee meeting (excluding the chairman). – Reasonable travel and related business expenses. No share or share option awards are made to any non-executive director in respect of service on the board. The fees were reviewed in 2005 by an ad hoc board committee and were increased with effect from 1 January 2005 to reﬂect the change in workload and global market rates for independent or non-executive directors since the previous review in 2002. There was no increase in 2006. Current fee structure ----- -------- -------- --------- -------- -------- --------- -------- -------- -- ------ -------- --------- -------- -------- --------- ------ -- -------- --------- £ thousand ----- -------- -------- --------- -------- -------- --------- -------- -------- -- ------ -------- --------- -------- -------- --------- ------ -- -------- --------- Chairmana Deputy chairmanb Board member Committee chairmanship fee Transatlantic attendance allowancec 500 100 75 20 5 a The chairman is not eligible for committee chairmanship fees or transatlantic attendance allowance but has the use of a fully maintained office for company business, a chauffeured car and security advice. b The deputy chairman receives a £25,000 increment on top of the standard board fee. In addition, he is eligible for committee chairmanship fees and the transatlantic attendance allowance. The deputy chairman is currently chairman of the audit committee. c This allowance is payable to non-executive directors undertaking transatlantic or equivalent intercontinental travel for the purpose of attending a board meeting or board committee meeting. Superannuation gratuities In accordance with the company’s long-standing practice, non-executive directors who retired from the board after at least six years’ service are, at the time of their retirement, eligible for consideration for a superannuation gratuity. The board is authorized to make such payments under the company’s Articles of Association. The amount of the payment is determined at the board’s discretion (having regard to the director’s period of service as a director and other relevant factors). In 2002, the board revised its policy with respect to superannuation gratuities so that: (i) non-executive directors appointed to the board after 1 July 2002 would not be eligible for consideration for such a payment; and (ii) while non-executive directors in service at 1 July 2002 would remain eligible for consideration for a payment, service after that date would not be taken into account by the board in considering the amount of any such payment. The board made superannuation gratuity payments during the year to the following former directors: Mr Miles £46,000 (who retired in April 2006) and Mr Wilson £21,000 (who resigned from the board in February 2006). These payments were in line with the policy arrangements agreed in 2002 (outlined above). 72 Part 3 – Additional statutory and other disclosures Remuneration committee All the members of the committee are independent non-executive directors. Throughout this year, Dr Julius (chairman), Mr Bryan, Mr Davis, Sir Tom McKillop and Sir Ian Prosser were members. Lord Browne was consulted on matters relating to the other executive directors who report to him and on matters relating to the performance of the company; he was not present when matters affecting his own remuneration were discussed. Tasks The remuneration committee’s tasks are: – To determine, on behalf of the board, the terms of engagement and remuneration of the group chief executive and the executive directors and to report on these to the shareholders. – To determine, on behalf of the board, matters of policy over which the company has authority regarding the establishment or operation of the company’s pension scheme of which the executive directors are members. – To nominate, on behalf of the board, any trustees (or directors of corporate trustees) of the scheme. – To monitor the policies being applied by the group chief executive in remunerating senior executives who are not executive directors. Constitution and operation Each member of the remuneration committee (named on page 80) is subject to annual re-election as a director of the company. The board considers all committee members to be independent (see page 77). They have no personal ﬁnancial interest, other than as shareholders, in the committee’s decisions. The committee met ﬁve times in the period under review. There was a full attendance record except for Mr Davis, who was unable to attend one meeting. Mr Sutherland, as chairman of the board, attended all the committee meetings. The committee is accountable to shareholders through its annual report on executive directors’ remuneration. It will consider the outcome of the vote at the AGM on the directors’ remuneration report and take into account the views of shareholders in its future decisions. The committee values its dialogue with major shareholders on remuneration matters. Advice Advice is provided to the committee by the company secretary’s ofﬁce, which is independent of executive management and reports to the chairman of the board. Mr Aronson, an independent consultant, is the committee’s secretary and special adviser. Advice was also received from Mr Jackson, the company secretary. The committee also appoints external advisers to provide specialist advice and services on particular remuneration matters. The independence of the advice is subject to annual review. In 2006, the committee continued to engage Towers Perrin as its principal external adviser. Towers Perrin also provided limited ad hoc remuneration and beneﬁts advice to parts of the group, principally changes in employee share plans and some market information on pay structures. The committee continued to engage Kepler Associates to advise on performance measurement. Kepler Associates also provided performance data and limited ad hoc advice on performance measurement to the group. Freshﬁelds Bruckhaus Derringer provided legal advice on speciﬁc matters to the committee, as well as providing some legal advice to the group. Ernst & Young reviewed the calculations on the ﬁnancial-based targets that form the basis of the performance-related pay for executive directors, that is, the annual bonus and share element awards described on page 69, to ensure they met an independent, objective standard. They also provided audit, audit-related and taxation services for the group. Historical TSR performancea This graph shows the growth in value of a hypothetical £100 holding in BP p.l.c. ordinary shares over ﬁve years, relative to the FTSE 100 and to the FTSE All World Oil & Gas Index. BP is a constituent of both indices, which are the most relevant broad equity market indices for this purpose. FTSE All World Oil & Gas Index a This information has been subject to audit. Past directors Until 30 September 2006, Mr Olver acted as a consultant to BP in relation to its activities in Russia and served as a BP-nominated director of TNK-BP Limited, a joint venture company owned 50% by BP. Under the consultancy agreement, he received £225,000 in fees in 2006 as well as reimbursement of costs and support for his role. He was also entitled to retain fees paid to him by TNK-BP up to a maximum of $120,000 a year for his role as a director, deputy chairman and chairman of the audit committee of TNK-BP Limited. Mr Miles (non-executive director of BP until April 2006) was appointed as a director and non-executive chairman of BP Pension Trustees Limited in October 2006. This position is for a term of three years and he receives £150,000 per annum. BP Annual Report and Accounts 2006 73 Pensionsa thousand ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- Additional pension earned during the year ended 31 Dec 2006b Amount of B-A less contributions made by the director in 2006 Transfer value of accrued beneﬁtc at 31 Dec 2005 (A) Transfer value of accrued beneﬁtc at 31 Dec 2006 (B) Accrued pension entitlement at 31 Dec 2006 Service at 31 Dec 2006 40 years ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- Lord Browne (UK) ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- Dr A B Hayward (UK) ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- Dr D C Allen (UK) ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- I C Conn (UK) ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- Dr B E Grote (US) ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- J A Manzoni (UK) 28 years 21 years 25 years 27 years 23 years £19,979 £21,700 £1,721 £3,408 £4,006 £2,510 $6,681 £2,518 £1,050 £4,017 £3,433 £2,124 $7,591 £2,961 £573 £386 $910 £609 £443 £228 £170 $105 £239 $675 £188 £28 £23 £59 £31 £24 a This information has been subject to audit. b Additional pension earned during the year includes an inflation increase of 2.2% for UK directors and 3.3% for US directors. c Transfer values have been calculated in accordance with version 8.1 of guidance note GN11 issued by the actuarial profession. Group chief executive As stated in previous years’ reports, Lord Browne is eligible for consideration for an ex-gratia lump sum superannuation payment equivalent to one year’s base salary. This is in line with the company’s past practice for directors retiring on or after age 55 having accrued at least 30 years’ service. The remuneration committee has approved the payment of this sum to Lord Browne immediately following his retirement. This payment will be in addition to his pension entitlements under the scheme described above. No other executive director is eligible for consideration for an ex-gratia payment on retirement because in 1996 the remuneration committee decided that appointees to the board after that time should cease to be eligible. Share element of EDIP and LTPPsa ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- Share element/LTPP interests Potential maximum performance sharesb Interests vested in 2006 Performance period Date of award of performance shares Market price of each share at date of award of performance shares £ At 1 Jan 2006 Awarded 2006 At 31 Dec 2006 Number of ordinary shares vestedc Market price of each share at vesting date £ Vesting date ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- Lord Browne 13 Feb 2006 17 Feb 2003 2003-2005 1,265,024 474,384 6.47 3.96 – – 2004-2006 25 Feb 2004 2005-2007 28 April 2005 2006-2008 16 Feb 2006 4.25 5.33 6.54 1,268,894 2,006,767 – – – 1,761,249 1,268,894 2,006,767 1,761,249 380,668 15 Feb 2007 – – – – 5.37 – – ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- Dr A B Hayward 13 Feb 2006 17 Feb 2003 2003-2005 147,783 394,088 6.47 3.96 – – 2004-2006 25 Feb 2004 2005-2007 28 Apr 2005 2006-2008 16 Feb 2006 4.25 5.33 6.54 376,470 436,623 – – – 383,200 376,470 436,623 383,200 112,941 15 Feb 2007 – – – – 5.37 – – ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- Dr D C Allen 13 Feb 2006 17 Feb 2003 2003-2005 394,088 147,783 6.47 3.96 – – 2004-2006 25 Feb 2004 2005-2007 28 Apr 2005 2006-2008 16 Feb 2006 4.25 5.33 6.54 376,470 436,623 – – – 383,200 376,470 436,623 383,200 112,941 15 Feb 2007 – – – – 5.37 – – ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- I C Conn 13 Feb 2006 17 Feb 2003 2003-2005 182,000 68,250 6.47 3.96 – – 2004-2006 25 Feb 2004 2005-2007 28 Apr 2005 2006-2008 16 Feb 2006 4.25 5.33 6.54 182,000 415,832 – – – 383,200 182,000 415,832 383,200 54,600 15 Feb 2007 – – – – 5.37 – – ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- Dr B E Grote 13 Feb 2006 17 Feb 2003 2003-2005 467,276 175,229 6.47 3.96 – – 2004-2006 25 Feb 2004 2005-2007 28 Apr 2005 2006-2008 16 Feb 2006 4.25 5.33 6.54 425,338 501,782 – – – 470,432 425,338 501,782 470,432 127,601 15 Feb 2007 – – – – 5.37 – – ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- J A Manzoni 13 Feb 2006 17 Feb 2003 2003-2005 147,783 394,088 6.47 3.96 – – 2004-2006 25 Feb 2004 2005-2007 28 Apr 2005 2006-2008 16 Feb 2006 4.25 5.33 6.54 376,470 436,623 – – – 383,200 376,470 436,623 383,200 112,941 15 Feb 2007 – – – – 5.37 – – - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - a This information has been subject to audit. b BP’s performance is measured against the oil sector. For the periods 2003-2005 and 2004-2006, the performance measure is SHRAM, which is measured against the FTSE All World Oil & Gas Index, and ROACE and EPS growth, which are measured against ExxonMobil, Shell, Total and Chevron. For periods 2005-2007 onward, the performance condition is TSR measured against ExxonMobil, Shell, Total and Chevron. Each performance period ends on 31 December of the third year. c Represents awards of shares made at the end of the relevant performance period based on performance achieved under rules of the plan. 74 Share optionsa ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Option type At 1 Jan 2006 Granted Exercised At 31 Dec 2006 Option price Market price at date of exercise Date from which ﬁrst exercisable Expiry date ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Lord Browne ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Dr A B Hayward ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ I C Conn ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Dr D C Allen SAYE EDIP EDIP EDIP EDIP EDIP SAYE SAYE EXEC EXEC EXEC EDIP EDIP EXEC EXEC EXEC EDIP EDIP SAYE SAYE SAYE EXEC EXEC EXEC EXEC SAYE SAYE SAYE EXEC EXEC EXEC EDIP EDIP 4,550 408,522 1,269,843 1,348,032 1,348,032 1,500,000 3,302 – 34,000 77,400 160,000 220,000 275,000 37,000 87,950 175,000 220,000 275,000 1,456 1,186 1,498 72,250 130,000 160,000 126,000 878 2,548 847 34,000 72,250 175,000 220,000 275,000 – 3,220 – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 1,269,843 – 1,348,032 – – – 160,000 – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 4,550 408,522 – 1,348,032 – 1,500,000 3,302 3,220 34,000 77,400 160,000 220,000 275,000 37,000 87,950 175,000 220,000 275,000 1,456 1,186 1,498 72,250 130,000 – 126,000 878 2,548 847 34,000 72,250 175,000 220,000 275,000 £3.50 £5.99 £5.67 £5.72 £3.88 £4.22 £5.11 £5.00 £5.99 £5.67 £5.72 £3.88 £4.22 £5.99 £5.67 £5.72 £3.88 £4.22 £3.50 £3.86 £4.41 £5.67 £5.72 £3.88 £4.22 £4.52 £3.50 £3.86 £5.99 £5.67 £5.72 £3.88 £4.22 £6.67 £6.67 £6.55 1 Sep 2008 15 May 2001 19 Feb 2002 18 Feb 2003 17 Feb 2004 25 Feb 2005 1 Sep 2006 1 Sep 2011 15 May 2003 23 Feb 2004 18 Feb 2005 17 Feb 2004 25 Feb 2005 15 May 2003 23 Feb 2004 18 Feb 2005 17 Feb 2004 25 Feb 2005 1 Sep 2008 1 Sep 2009 1 Sep 2010 23 Feb 2004 18 Feb 2005 17 Feb 2006 25 Feb 2007 28 Feb 2009 15 May 2007 19 Feb 2008 18 Feb 2009 17 Feb 2010 25 Feb 2011 28 Feb 2007 29 Feb 2012 15 May 2010 23 Feb 2011 18 Feb 2012 17 Feb 2010 25 Feb 2011 15 May 2010 23 Feb 2011 18 Feb 2012 17 Feb 2010 25 Feb 2011 28 Feb 2009 28 Feb 2010 28 Feb 2011 23 Feb 2011 18 Feb 2012 17 Feb 2013 25 Feb 2014 1 Sep 2007 1 Sep 2008 1 Sep 2009 15 May 2003 23 Feb 2004 18 Feb 2005 17 Feb 2004 25 Feb 2005 28 Feb 2008 28 Feb 2009 28 Feb 2010 15 May 2010 23 Feb 2011 18 Feb 2012 17 Feb 2010 25 Feb 2011 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Dr B E Groteb SAR SAR BPA BPA EDIP EDIP EDIP EDIP 35,200 40,000 10,404 12,600 40,182 58,173 58,173 58,333 – – – – – – – – 35,200 – – – – – – – – 40,000 10,404 12,600 40,182 58,173 58,173 58,333 $25.27 $33.34 $53.90 $48.94 $49.65 $48.82 $37.76 $48.53 $66.96 6 Mar 1999 28 Feb 2000 15 Mar 2000 28 Mar 2001 19 Feb 2002 18 Feb 2003 17 Feb 2004 25 Feb 2005 6 Mar 2006 28 Feb 2007 14 Mar 2009 27 Mar 2010 19 Feb 2008 18 Feb 2009 17 Feb 2010 25 Feb 2011 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ J A Manzoni The closing market prices of an ordinary share and of an ADS on 31 December 2006 were £5.68 and $67.10 respectively. During 2006, the highest market prices were £7.12 and $76.47 respectively and the lowest market prices were £5.64 and $63.72 respectively. EDIP = Executive Directors’ Incentive Plan adopted by shareholders in April 2005 as described on page 70. BPA = BP Amoco share option plan, which applied to US executive directors prior to the adoption of the EDIP. SAR = Stock Appreciation Rights under BP America Inc. Share Appreciation Plan. SAYE = Save As You Earn employee share scheme. EXEC = Executive Share Option Scheme. These options were granted to the relevant individuals prior to their appointments as directors and are not subject to performance conditions. a This information has been subject to audit. b Numbers shown are ADSs under option. One ADS is equivalent to six ordinary shares. This directors’ remuneration report was approved by the board and signed on its behalf by David J Jackson, company secretary, on 23 February 2007. BP Annual Report and Accounts 2006 75 Governance: board performance report Governance and the role of our board Governance is the system by which the company’s owners and their representatives on the board ensure that the company pursues its deﬁned purpose and only allocates resources to that purpose. It is neither a process of compliance nor an additional level of management. The board’s activity is focused on this task as the representative of BP’s owners and it discharges this through actions that promote long-term shareholder interest. BP’s approach to governance is based on the connection between good governance and maximizing shareholder value. We believe that good governance involves both clarity of roles and distinct skills and processes. The BP board governs the company on behalf of shareholders, while management is delegated to the group chief executive through the board governance policies. These policies use a coherent, principles-based approach that ensures our board and management operate within a clear and efﬁcient governance framework that places long-term shareholder interest at the centre of everything the company does. In maximizing long-term shareholder interest, the board exercises judgement when carrying out its work in policy-making, monitoring executive action and active consideration of group strategy. While being responsible to shareholders, the board also recognizes the need to be responsive to the interests of those with whom the company interacts. Shareholders Accountability The board, principally through the AGM, is accountable to shareholders for the performance and activities of the entire BP group. The board takes steps to understand shareholder preferences and to evaluate systematically the ﬁnancial, social, environmental and ethical matters that may inﬂuence or affect the interests of our shareholders. Dialogue Throughout the year, the chairman has regular meetings with institutional shareholders to discuss issues of governance and high-level strategy. Shareholder dialogue is also undertaken by the group chief executive and other directors, the company secretary’s ofﬁce, investor relations and other teams within BP on wider issues relating to the operation and ﬁnancial performance of the company. Presentations given by the company to the investment community are available on the ‘Investor’ section of www.bp.com. Reporting BP uses a number of different reporting channels to provide feedback and accountability on the company’s performance to shareholders. These include the Annual Report and Accounts (which now includes a business review), Annual Review, Annual Report on Form 20-F and announcements made through stock exchanges on which BP shares are listed, as well as the AGM. BP seeks to promote the use of electronic communications within its reporting methods, so all these documents are available via our website at www.bp.com. AGM and voting Shareholders are encouraged to attend the AGM and use the opportunity to ask questions and hear the resulting discussion about BP’s performance. However, given the size and geographical diversity of the company’s shareholder base, we recognize that this may not always be practical and shareholders who are unable to attend are encouraged to use proxy voting on the resolutions put forward. Every vote cast, whether in person or by proxy at shareholder meetings, is counted, because votes on all matters except procedural issues are taken by a poll. The company has introduced a ‘vote withheld’ option on the proxy form in order to comply with the revised UK Combined Code. A ‘vote withheld’ is not a vote in law and will not be counted in the calculation of the proportion of votes ‘for’ and ‘against’ a resolution. 76 After the event, copies of speeches and presentations given at the AGM are available to download via www.bp.com, together with the outcome of voting on the resolutions. The chairman and the board committee chairmen were present during the 2006 AGM. Board members also met shareholders informally after the main business of the AGM. In 2006, voting levels at the AGM increased to 64%, up from 62% in 2005. Election of directors All directors stand for re-election each year, with new directors being subject to election at the ﬁrst opportunity following their appointment. All the names submitted to shareholders for election are accompanied by a biography and an outline of the skills and experience that the company feels are relevant in proposing them for the ofﬁce of director. Voting levels from the 2006 AGM demonstrated continued support for all our directors. How the board governs the company The board’s governance policies describe its relationship with shareholders, the conduct of board affairs and the board’s relationship with the group chief executive. The policies recognize the board’s separate and unique role as the link in the chain of authority between the shareholders and the group chief executive. It is this unique task that gives the board its central role in governance. The board governance policies address the dual role played by the group chief executive and executive directors as both members of the board and leaders of executive management. The policies require a majority of the board to be composed of independent non-executive directors. To assure the integrity of the governance process, the relationship between the board and the group chief executive is governed by the non-executive directors, particularly through the work of the board committees they populate. The board focuses on those tasks that are unique to it as a board, reserving to itself the making of broad policy decisions. It delegates detailed consideration to either board committees and ofﬁcers (for board processes) or to the group chief executive (in the case of management of the company’s business activities). The board governs BP through setting general policy for the conduct of business (and, critically, by clearly articulating its goals) and by monitoring its implementation by the group chief executive. To discharge its governance function effectively, the board has laid down rules for its own activities in a governance process policy. Responsibility for implementing this policy is placed on the chairman. This policy covers: – The conduct of members at meetings. – The cycle of board activities and the setting of agendas. – The provision of timely information to the board. – Board ofﬁcers and their roles. – Board committees, their tasks and composition. – Qualiﬁcations for board membership and the process of the nomination committee. – The evaluation and assessment of board performance. – The remuneration of non-executive directors. – The process for directors to obtain independent advice. – The appointment and role of the company secretary. The delegation of authority from the board to the group chief executive and the expectations and limitations on that authority are set out in three separate board governance policies, which enables the board to shape BP’s values and standards: 1. Board-executive linkage policy, which outlines how the board delegates authority to the group chief executive and the extent of that authority. It also sets out how the performance of the group chief executive will be monitored. 2. Board goals policy, which clariﬁes what the board expects the group chief executive to deliver. 3. Executive limitations policy, which deﬁnes the boundaries on how the group chief executive can achieve these results and requires that any executive action taken in the course of business considers internal controls, risk preferences, ﬁnancing, ethical behaviour, health, safety, the environment, treatment of employees and political considerations. Accountability in our business The group chief executive describes to the board how the expected outcome and goals are intended to be delivered through regular business plans, which also encompass an assessment of the group’s risks. During the year, the board receives updates on progress towards these outcomes through actual and forecasted results. The group chief executive is obliged to review and discuss with the board all strategic projects or developments and all material matters currently or prospectively affecting the company and its performance. This key dialogue speciﬁcally includes any materially under-performing business activities, actions that breach the executive limitations policy and material matters of a social responsibility, environmental or ethical nature. The board-executive linkage policy also sets out how the group chief executive’s performance will be monitored and recognizes that, in the multitude of changing circumstances, judgement will always be involved. The systems set out in the board-executive linkage policy are designed to manage, rather than to eliminate, the risk of failure to achieve the goals or observe the executive limitations policy. They provide reasonable, rather than absolute, assurance against material misstatement or loss. The board: structure and skills The board is composed of the chairman, nine non-executive and seven executive directors. In total, four nationalities are represented on the board. The names and biographical details of the directors are provided on pages 65-66. The board is actively engaged in orderly succession planning for both executive and non-executive roles, to enable the board’s composition to be renewed without compromising its continued effectiveness. Lord Browne will retire as group chief executive and from the board on 31 July 2007. Dr Tony Hayward will become group chief executive on 1 August 2007. Mr Michael Wilson stepped down from the board at the end of February 2006 and Mr Michael Miles retired in April 2006. Sir William Castell joined the board in July 2006. Mr Andy Inglis joined the board on 1 February 2007 as chief executive of the exploration and production segment in succession to Dr Hayward. At the 2007 AGM, Mr John Bryan will retire from the board. The efﬁciency and effectiveness of the board are of paramount importance. Our board is large but this is necessary to allow both sufﬁcient executive director representation to cover the breadth and depth of the group’s business activities and sufﬁcient non-executive representation to reﬂect the scale and complexity of the company and to staff our board committees. A board of this size also allows systematic succession planning for key roles. We believe that our non-executive directors bring a broad range of relevant skills and experience to the work of the board and its committees. Not only do they contribute international and operational experience, but they also provide an understanding of the economies and world capital markets in which the group operates and an appreciation of the health, safety and environmental and sustainability issues the group faces. Our executive directors bring a further perspective to the work of the board through their deep comprehension of the company’s business. Board independence Part of the qualiﬁcation for board membership of BP is the requirement that non-executive directors be free from any relationship with the company’s executive management that could materially interfere with the exercise of their independent judgement. In the board’s view, the non- executive directors fulﬁl this requirement and the board has determined that those who served during 2006 were independent. All non-executive directors are now subject to annual election and to date have received overwhelming endorsement at successive AGMs. Sir Ian Prosser joined the board in 1997. It is the view of the board that, despite having served for more than nine years, he remains independent. His experience and long-term perspective on BP’s business have provided a valuable contribution to the board, given the long-term nature of our business. The board has speciﬁcally requested that he remain chairman of the audit committee for the time being through the retirement of Dr Byron Grote. Those directors who joined the BP board in 1998 after service on the board of Amoco Corporation (Messrs Bryan, Massey and Davis) are considered independent since the most senior executive management of BP comprises individuals who were not previously Amoco employees. While Amoco businesses and assets are a key part of the group, the scope and scale of BP since its acquisition of the ARCO, Burmah Castrol and Veba businesses are fundamentally different from those of the former Amoco Corporation. The board has satisﬁed itself that there is no compromise to the independence of those directors who serve together as directors on the boards of outside entities (or who have other appointments in outside entities). Where necessary, our board ensures appropriate processes are in place to manage any possible conﬂict of interest. Board directors: terms of appointment The chairman and directors of BP stand for re-election each year and, subject to BP’s Articles of Association, serve on the basis of letters of appointment. Executive directors of BP have service contracts with the company. Details of all payments to directors are reviewed in the directors’ remuneration report on pages 68-75. BP’s policy on directors’ retirement is as follows: the service contracts of executive directors are expressed to expire at a normal retirement age of 60 (subject to age discrimination), while non-executive directors ordinarily retire at the AGM following their 70th birthday. It is the board’s policy that non-executive directors are not generally expected to hold ofﬁce for more than 10 years. In accordance with BP’s Articles of Association, directors are granted an indemnity from the company in respect of liabilities incurred as a result of their ofﬁce, to the extent permitted by law. In respect of those liabilities for which directors may not be indemniﬁed, the company maintained a directors’ and ofﬁcers’ liability insurance policy throughout 2006. This policy has been renewed for 2007. Although their defence costs may be met, neither the company’s indemnity nor insurance provides cover in the event that the director is proved to have acted fraudulently or dishonestly. Board and committees: meetings and attendance The board requires all members to devote sufﬁcient time to the work of the board to discharge the ofﬁce of director and to use their best endeavours to attend meetings. In addition to the AGM (which 14 directors attended), the board met nine times during 2006: six times in the UK, twice in the US and once in Turkey. Two of these meetings were two-day strategy discussions. A number of board committee meetings were held during the year; for details of these and their attendance by board members please see the following table. BP Annual Report and Accounts 2006 77 Directors’ attendance - ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----- ------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- --------- SEEAC meetings - ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----- ------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- --------- Possible - ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----- ------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- --------- Remuneration committee meetings Chairman’s committee meetings Nomination committee meetings Audit committee meetings Board meetings Attended Attended Attended Attended Attended Attended Possible Possible Possible Possible Possible P D Sutherland J H Bryan A Burgmans Sir William Castell E B Davis, Jr D J Flint Dr D S Julius Sir Tom McKillop Dr W E Massey H M P Miles Sir Ian Prosser M H Wilson Lord Browne Dr A B Hayward Dr D C Allen I C Conn Dr B E Grote J A Manzoni 9 9 9 3 7 9 8 9 9 4 9 2 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 3 9 9 9 9 9 4 9 2 9 9 9 9 9 9 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - – 10 – 1 11 11 – – – 3 11 3 – – – – – – – 12 – 2 12 12 – – – 4 12 3 – – – – – – - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - – – 6 2 – – – 4 7 1 – 2 – – – – – – – – 7 2 – – – 4 7 3 – 2 – – – – – – - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 4 4 4 1 3 4 3 4 4 0 4 1 – – – – – – 4 4 4 1 4 4 4 4 4 1 4 1 – – – – – – - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 5 5 – – 4 – 5 5 – – 5 – – – – – – – 5 5 – – 5 – 5 5 – – 5 – – – – – – – 6 – – – – – 6 – 6 – 6 – – – – – – – 6 – – – – – 6 – 6 – 6 – – – – – – – Serving as a director: induction, training and evaluation Induction Following their appointment to the board, new directors undertake an induction programme that is tailored to their speciﬁc needs. This programme covers matters such as the operation and activities of the group (including key ﬁnancial, business, social and environmental risks to the group’s activities), the role of the board and the matters reserved for its decision, the tasks and membership of the principal board committees, the powers delegated to those committees, the board’s governance policies and practices and the latest ﬁnancial information about the group. The chairman is accountable for the induction of new board members and is assisted by the company secretary’s ofﬁce in this role. Training On appointment, our directors are advised of the legal and other duties and obligations they have as directors of a listed company. The board regularly considers the implications of these duties under the board governance policies. In addition, non-executive directors also receive ongoing training speciﬁc to the tasks of the particular board committees on which they serve in order to update their skills and knowledge and enhance their effectiveness during their tenure. Our directors are updated on BP’s business, the environment in which it operates and other matters throughout their period in ofﬁce. Outside appointments As part of their ongoing development, our executive directors are permitted to take up an external board appointment, subject to the agreement of the BP board. Generally, outside appointments for executive directors are limited to a single company board only, although our current group chief executive, by exception, serves on two outside company boards. Our board is satisﬁed that these appointments do not conﬂict with his duties and commitments to BP. Executive directors retain any fees received in respect of such external appointments. Non-executive directors may serve on a number of outside boards, provided they continue to demonstrate the requisite commitment to discharge their duties to BP effectively. The nomination committee keeps the extent of directors’ other interests under review to ensure that the efﬁcacy of our board is not compromised. Evaluation The board continued its ongoing evaluation processes to assess its performance and identify areas in which its effectiveness, policies and processes might be enhanced. The board evaluated its performance 78 during the year through the use of a questionnaire aimed at building on the outcome of the previous year’s evaluation and endeavouring to assess the manner in which the board had responded to the issues that occurred during 2006. The board is considering the output from the evaluation. Separate evaluations of the audit and the safety, ethics and environment assurance committees took place during the year and are reported in the committee reports on pages 79-81. The remuneration committee will be reviewing its 2006 performance in the ﬁrst half of 2007. The potential use of external providers in the context of board evaluation is being kept under review. The chairman and the senior independent director BP’s board governance policies require that neither the chairman nor the deputy chairman is employed as an executive of the group. During 2006, the posts were held by Mr Sutherland and Sir Ian Prosser, respectively. Sir Ian also acts as our senior independent director and is available to shareholders who have concerns that cannot be addressed through normal channels. The chairman is responsible for leading the board and facilitating its work. He ensures that the governance principles and processes of the board are maintained and encourages debate and discussion. The chairman also leads board and individual director performance appraisals. He represents the views of the board to shareholders on key issues, not least in succession planning for both executive and non-executive appointments. Shareholders’ views are fed back to the board by the chairman. The company secretary reports to the chairman and has no executive functions. His remuneration is determined by the remuneration committee. Between board meetings, the chairman has responsibility for ensuring the integrity and effectiveness of the board/executive relationship. This requires his interaction with the group chief executive between board meetings, as well as his contact with other board members and shareholders. The chairman and all the non-executive directors meet periodically as the chairman’s committee (reported on page 81). The performance of the chairman is evaluated each year, with the evaluation discussion taking place when the chairman is not present. Board committees The governance process policy allocates the tasks of monitoring executive actions and assessing performance to certain board committees. These tasks prescribe the authority and role of the board committees. Reports for each of the committees for 2006 follow. In common with the board, each committee has access to independent advice and counsel as required and each is supported by the company secretary’s ofﬁce, which is demonstrably independent of the executive management of the group. Audit committee report Membership and meeting schedule The audit committee consists solely of independent non-executive directors. Its membership is selected to provide a broad set of ﬁnancial, international and commercial expertise appropriate to fulﬁl the committee’s duties. Members of the audit committee include Sir Ian Prosser (chairman), Mr D J Flint, Mr E B Davis, Jr and Mr J H Bryan. During 2006, Mr M H Wilson and Mr H M P Miles retired from the committee and Sir William Castell joined as a new member. The company secretary’s ofﬁce ensures new committee members receive brieﬁngs on the committee’s tasks and process before taking up their roles. The board has determined that Mr Flint possesses the ﬁnancial and audit committee experience as deﬁned by the Combined Code guidance and the US Securities and Exchange Commission and has nominated him as the audit committee’s ﬁnancial expert. At the request of the audit committee chairman, each meeting is attended by the lead partner of the external auditors (Ernst & Young), the BP general auditor (head of internal audit), the group chief ﬁnancial ofﬁcer, the chief accounting ofﬁcer and the group controller. The audit committee met 12 times during 2006. Role of audit committee The tasks of the audit committee include gaining assurance on the ﬁnancial processes of the group and the integrity of its reports and accounts. On behalf of the board, it monitors observance of the executive limitations policy relating to ﬁnancial matters. The committee reviews the management of ﬁnancial risks and the internal controls designed to address them. The activities of the audit committee and any issues that have arisen are reported back to the main board by the audit committee chairman following each meeting. Committee activities in 2006 Financial reports During the year, the committee reviewed all annual and quarterly ﬁnancial reports before recommending their publication to the board. The committee also examined the application of new ﬁnancial standards, critical accounting policies and judgements. Internal controls and risk management In the course of 2006, the audit committee reviewed reports on risks, control and assurance for all the BP business segments (exploration and production, reﬁning and marketing and gas, power and renewables), together with BP’s trading function. Reviews were also carried out on BP’s long-term contractual commitments and the manner in which the risks and control systems for these contracts were being managed. Key regulatory issues are discussed throughout the year by the committee as part of its standing agenda items. These include a quarterly review of the company’s evaluation of its internal controls systems as part of the requirement of Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act. The committee also examines the effectiveness of BP’s enterprise level controls through the annual assessment undertaken by the company’s internal audit function. In addition to the recurring items on the agenda, the audit committee considered a range of other speciﬁc topics during the year, including a review of tax planning and provisions, an evaluation of the company’s pension and post-retirement beneﬁt assumptions and an assessment of BP’s oil and gas reserves methodology. Relationship with external auditors As outlined above, the lead audit partner from Ernst & Young attends all meetings of the audit committee at the request of the committee chairman. Other audit partners are also invited to attend meetings to participate in discussions relating to their areas of expertise, for example, during business segment reviews. During the year, the committee held two private meetings with the external auditors without the presence of executive management, in order to discuss any issues or concerns on the part of both the committee and the auditors. The committee believes that it meets each of the tasks that are The performance of the external auditors is evaluated by the audit outlined in the Combined Code as falling within the remit of an audit committee. Agenda and information Central to the operation of the audit committee is the meeting agenda. Forward agendas are set at the start of each year to determine a high- level work programme for the committee. Agendas are constructed from regular items, including those that are required by regulation, and items reﬂecting the board’s desire to review group risks. Between committee meetings, the chairman reviews any issues that arise with the group chief ﬁnancial ofﬁcer, the external auditors and the BP general auditor and items may be added to the next committee meeting agenda as appropriate. The committee receives information on agenda items from both internal and external sources, including the chief ﬁnancial ofﬁcer, the internal auditor and BP’s external auditors. Presentations are made by a wide cross-section of the group’s business and ﬁnancial control management. Where relevant to a particular business or functional review, additional Ernst & Young audit staff attend and contribute. In addition, the committee meets both the external auditors and BP general auditor in private sessions where the executive management are not present. In common with other BP board committees, the audit committee can access independent advice and counsel if it requires, on an unrestricted basis. Further support is provided to the committee by the company secretary’s ofﬁce and, during 2006, external specialist legal and regulatory advice was provided to the committee by Sullivan & Cromwell LLP. committee each year. Central to this evaluation is scrutiny of the external auditors’ independence, objectivity and viability. To maintain the independence of the external auditors, the provision of non-audit services is limited to tax and audit-related work that fall within speciﬁc categories. This work is pre-approved by the audit committee and all non-audit services are monitored quarterly. Fees paid to the external auditors during the year for audit and other services were $73 million, of which 16% was for non-audit work (see Financial statements – Note 20 on page 128). Non-audit services provided by Ernst & Young have been signiﬁcantly reduced over recent years but, reﬂecting regulatory and reporting developments in the UK and US, audit fees have increased substantially. In addition to the restrictions on non-audit work, the objectivity and independence of the external auditors are augmented by the rotation of audit staff on a regular basis. A new lead audit partner is appointed every ﬁve years and other senior audit staff are moved every seven years. It is the policy of the company that no partners or senior staff connected with the BP audit may transfer to BP. After considering both the proposed fee structure and the audit engagement terms for 2007, the audit committee has recommended to the board that the reappointment of the auditors be proposed to shareholders at the 2007 AGM. Internal audit BP’s internal audit function advises the committee on the company’s identiﬁcation and control of risk. The general auditor contributes widely to the committee’s discussion of the company’s framework of internal controls and the effectiveness of their application. The audit committee agreed the work programme to be undertaken by internal audit during the BP Annual Report and Accounts 2006 79 year and obtained satisfaction that the proposed work plan appropriately responded to the key risks facing the company and that internal audit had adequate staff and resources to complete its work. forward agenda at the beginning of each year, the committee pays particular attention to the review of group risks conducted by the general auditor and risks identiﬁed in the company’s business plans. In addition to regular observations and updates at each committee meeting, internal audit made two written reports of its ﬁndings to the committee in 2006. These reports contributed to the committee’s view on how effective the company’s system of internal controls had been and formed the basis of its recommendations to the board. During the year, the committee met privately with the head of internal audit (the BP general auditor), without the presence of executive management. It also evaluated the performance of the internal audit function. Fraud reporting and employee concerns/whistleblowing The committee received a quarterly report from internal audit on instances of actual or potential fraud or concerns relating to the ﬁnancial accounting of the company. In addition, the group compliance and ethics function reported on issues raised via the employee concerns programme, OpenTalk, together with other topics arising from the company’s annual certiﬁcation process. Performance evaluation The audit committee conducts a yearly evaluation of its performance. The review for 2006 involved a survey of committee members and other individuals who had regularly attended the committee. The results of the review were fed back to the committee in November. No signiﬁcant process changes were identiﬁed but the committee did determine to take additional time in private session at the end of each meeting and to hold a joint meeting with the safety, ethics and environment assurance committee each year to review the general auditor’s internal controls and risk management report. These adjustments were incorporated in the forward agenda and work plan for 2007. The audit committee plans to meet 12 times during 2007. Safety, ethics and environment assurance committee report Membership and meeting schedule The committee’s members consist solely of independent non-executive directors and include Dr W E Massey (chairman) and Mr A Burgmans. During 2006, Mr M H Wilson and Mr H M P Miles retired from the committee and Sir William Castell and Sir Tom McKillop joined as new members. The company secretary’s ofﬁce ensures new committee members receive brieﬁngs on the committee’s tasks and process before taking up their roles. In addition to the members above, each meeting is attended by the lead partner of the external auditors (Ernst & Young) and the BP general auditor (head of internal audit) at the invitation of the committee chairman. Reports and presentation to the committee are led by the executive director with functional accountability for safety and the environment (Mr Iain Conn) and the committee’s dialogue includes meeting with the relevant senior managers and functional experts for each of its agenda topics. In 2006, the group chief executive attended one meeting. The safety, ethics and environment assurance committee, created in 1997, has increased the frequency of its meetings in recent years from four per year in 2003 to seven in 2006. This has reﬂected both the increased breadth of the company’s business (for example, expansion into new geographies such as Russia) and the committee’s additional work in monitoring the executive management’s response to incidents (including the Texas City ﬁre and explosion and the oil spills in Alaska). Role of the committee On behalf of the board, the committee monitors observance of the executive limitations policy that relates to the environmental, health and safety, security and ethical performance and compliance of the company. During 2006, the committee’s name was amended. Having reviewed its agendas over the past few years, it was considered by the board that the addition of ‘safety’ to ethics and environment assurance provided a better reﬂection of the committee’s work. Agenda and information The tasks of the safety, ethics and environment assurance committee are particularly broad as they cover all non-ﬁnancial risks. In constructing its 80 Forward agendas also include regular or standing agenda items. Standing agenda items are those that enable the committee to monitor and assess how the executive limitations policy is being observed (for example, compliance and ethics and health, safety and environment reports) and review the speciﬁc non-ﬁnancial risks that are identiﬁed in the company’s annual plan (for example, in performing regional risk reviews). The chairman of the committee will also review the forward agenda against any emerging issues or developments that may arise during the year and amend as necessary. The committee receives information relating to agenda items from both internal and external sources, including internal audit, BP’s external auditors, the group compliance and ethics function and external market and reputation research. In common with other BP board committees, the safety, ethics and environment assurance committee can access independent advice and counsel if it requires, on an unrestricted basis. The activities of the safety, ethics and environment assurance committee and any issues that have arisen are reported back to the main board by the committee chairman following each meeting. Committee activities in 2006 HSE performance The committee received reports on both the company’s overall HSE performance, including an examination of key metrics, and on individual topics such as human resources capability, employee health and HSE in TNK-BP. Progress in safety and operations management since the incident at the Texas City reﬁnery has been reviewed regularly. Regional risk reviews While most of the board-level monitoring is undertaken through business segments or functions, risks that require management at a country or regional level are also scrutinized by the committee. During the year, risk reviews were carried out for North America, Russia and the Caspian. Compliance and ethics The group compliance and ethics function reports to the committee on a quarterly basis. During 2006, the compliance and ethics reports covered the results of the 2005 certiﬁcation process, progress on the implementation of the company’s code of conduct and the operation of OpenTalk. Performance evaluation The committee conducts an annual review of its process and performance. This year’s review was discussed at the committee’s November meeting and has led to enhancements in the committee process going forward, including the incorporation of reports from the new group operations risk committee and an increase in time allotted to agenda items to enable further in-depth discussion. The safety, ethics and environment assurance committee plans to meet seven times during 2007. Remuneration committee report Membership and meeting schedule The remuneration committee consists solely of non-executive directors, who are considered by the board to be independent. Committee members include Dr D S Julius (chairman), Mr J H Bryan, Mr E B Davis, Jr, Sir Tom McKillop and Sir Ian Prosser. The chairman of the board also attends meetings of the committee. The committee met ﬁve times during 2006 and is independently advised. Role of remuneration committee The committee’s main task is to determine the terms of engagement and remuneration of the executive directors. Further details of the committee’s role, authority and activities during the year are set out in the directors’ remuneration report on pages 68-75, which is the subject of a vote by shareholders at the 2007 AGM. Chairman’s committee report Membership and meeting schedule The chairman’s committee comprises all the non-executive directors and is chaired by the board chairman. B.1.4 B.2.2 The committee met four times during the year. Role of chairman’s committee The task of the committee is to consider broad issues of governance, including the performance of the chairman and the group chief executive, succession planning, the organization of the group and any matters referred to it for an opinion from another board committee. The amount of fees received by executive directors in respect of their service on outside boards is not disclosed since this information is not considered relevant to BP. The remuneration of the chairman is ﬁxed by the board as a whole (rather than the remuneration committee) within the limits set by shareholders, since the chairman’s performance is a matter for the whole board. Internal control review Committee activities in 2006 The main focus of the committee was on the task of ensuring an orderly succession plan for the group chief executive role. In that respect, the committee formed a working group comprised of the chairmen of each of the board’s standing committees, which has taken forward the detailed work necessary to ensure a best-practice process to identify a new group chief executive. The working group met six times during the year. The board, through its governance policies, has established a process by which the effectiveness of the system of internal control can be regularly reviewed as required by provision C.2.1 of the Combined Code. The process enables the board and its committees to assess the system of internal controls being operated for managing signiﬁcant risks, including social, environmental, safety and ethical risks, throughout the year. The process did not extend to joint ventures or associates. The committee took external advice as appropriate and benchmarked As part of this process, the board and the audit and safety, ethics and all the candidates against the external market. The committee concluded its work by making a unanimous recommendation to the board that Dr A B Hayward be appointed as the next group chief executive. Nomination committee report Membership and meeting schedule The nomination committee consists of non-executive directors. Its members include Dr D S Julius, Sir Ian Prosser and Dr W E Massey and the committee is chaired by the board chairman, Mr P D Sutherland. All members of the nomination committee are considered by the board to be independent. The committee met six times during the year. Role of nomination committee The task of the nomination committee is to identify and evaluate candidates for appointment and reappointment as director or company secretary of BP. Committee activities in 2006 As a result of the committee’s processes, Sir William Castell joined the board in 2006. The committee continues to keep under review the skills and background that the board requires to perform its various tasks. The committee recognizes that, with the forthcoming retirements of directors, at least one new non-executive director will need to be appointed to the board each year for the next three years. The committee is currently evaluating candidates with a North American background. Combined Code compliance BP complied throughout 2006 with the provisions of the Combined Code Principles of Good Governance and Code of Best Practice, except in the following aspects: A.4.4 Letters of appointment do not set out ﬁxed time commitments since the schedule of board and committee meetings is subject to change according to the exigencies of the business. All directors are expected to demonstrate their commitment to the work of the board on an ongoing basis. This is reviewed by the nomination committee in recommending candidates for annual re-election. environment assurance committees requested, received and reviewed reports from executive management, including management of the business segments, at their regular meetings. In considering the system, the board noted that such a system is designed to manage rather than eliminate the risk of failure to achieve business objectives and can only provide reasonable and not absolute assurance against material misstatement or loss. The BP general auditor presented reports to a joint meeting of the committees in January 2007 to support the board in its annual assessment of internal control. The reports described how signiﬁcant risks were identiﬁed and embedded within business segment and function plans across the group; the effectiveness of executive controls; and the continuing development of the systems in place to identify and manage risks. The reports also highlighted future risks of potential signiﬁcance that had been reviewed by the board as part of the company’s planning process. The committees engage with executive management during the year on a regular basis to monitor the management of risks. Signiﬁcant incidents that occurred and management’s response to them were considered by the committees during the year. As is disclosed elsewhere in BP Annual Report and Accounts 2006, the company has recently received reports that were previously commissioned relating to the US reﬁnery system and trading operations. The company has accepted the recommendations of those reports and is in the process of determining the appropriate actions required to implement those recommendations. The committees will monitor management’s actions in respect of these reports over the coming year. Subject to this, the board is satisﬁed that, where signiﬁcant failings or weaknesses in internal controls were identiﬁed, appropriate remedial actions were taken or are being taken. In the board’s view, the information it received was sufﬁcient to enable it to review the effectiveness of the company’s system of internal control in accordance with the ‘Internal Control Revised Guidance for Directors’ in the Combined Code (Turnbull). BP Annual Report and Accounts 2006 81 Directors’ interests ----- -------- -------- --------- -------- -------- --------- -------- -------- -- ------ -------- --------- -------- -------- --------- ------ -- -------- --------- Change from 31 Dec 2006 to 20 Feb 2007 At 1 Jan 2006 Current directors At 31 Dec 2006 ----- -------- -------- --------- -------- -------- --------- -------- -------- -- ------ -------- --------- -------- -------- --------- ------ -- -------- --------- 530,933a Dr D C Allen 2,525,313b Lord Browne 158,760c J H Bryan 10,000 A Burgmans 209,449d I C Conn 68,992c E B Davis, Jr D J Flint 15,000 1,105,825e Dr B E Grote 407,021 Dr A B Hayward 193,022f A G lnglis 15,000 Dr D S Julius 20,000 Sir Tom McKillop 376,213 J A Manzoni 49,722c Dr W E Massey 16,301 Sir Ian Prosser 30,079 P D Sutherland – Sir W M Castell 443,742 2,242,954 158,760 10,000 156,349 67,610 15,000 988,812 305,543 – 15,000 20,000 275,743 49,722 16,301 30,079 – 66,635 224,594 – – 32,348 – – 75,288 70,071 30,090 – – 66,769 – – – – Directors leaving the board in 2006 At retirement ----- -------- -------- --------- -------- -------- --------- -------- -------- -- ------ -------- --------- -------- -------- --------- ------ -- -------- --------- H M P Miles M H Wilson 22,145 60,000c 22,145 60,000 At 1 Jan 2006 a Includes 25,368 shares held as ADSs. b Includes 61,186 shares held as ADSs. c Held as ADSs. d Includes 40,155 shares held as ADSs. e Held as ADSs, except for 94 that are held as ordinary shares. f Interest as at 1 February 2007 on appointment as a director. The above ﬁgures indicate and include all the beneﬁcial and non-beneﬁcial interests of each director of the company in shares of the company (or calculated equivalents) that have been disclosed to the company under the Companies Act 1985 as at the applicable dates. In making these disclosures, the directors did not distinguish their beneﬁcial and non-beneﬁcial interests. Executive directors are also deemed to have an interest in such shares of the company held from time to time by the BP Employee Share Ownership Plan (No. 2) to facilitate the operation of the company’s option schemes. No director has any interest in the preference shares or debentures of the company, or in the shares or loan stock of any subsidiary company. 82 Additional information for shareholders Share ownership Directors and senior management As at 20 February 2007, the following directors of BP p.l.c. held interests in BP ordinary shares of 25 cents each or their calculated equivalent as set out below: ----- -------- -------- --------- -------- -------- --------- -------- -------- -- ------ -------- --------- -------- -------- --------- ------ -- -------- --------- 597,568 819,823a 2,749,907 3,768,016a 799,032a 972,212a 819,823a – 819,823a – – – – – – – – – – 241,797 1,181,113 477,092 223,112 442,982 158,760 10,000 – 68,992 15,000 15,000 49,722 20,000 16,301 30,079 794,950 3,261,104 332,390 1,427,190b 769,620 415,300 780,523 Dr D C Allen The Lord Browne of Madingley I C Conn Dr B E Grote Dr A B Hayward A G Inglis J A Manzoni J H Bryan A Burgmans Sir William Castell E B Davis, Jr D J Flint Dr D S Julius Dr W E Massey Sir Tom McKillop Sir Ian Prosser P D Sutherland Dr D C Allen The Lord Browne of Madingley I C Conn Dr B E Grote Dr A B Hayward A G Inglis J A Manzoni As at 20 February 2007, the following directors of BP p.l.c. held options under the BP group share option schemes for ordinary shares or their calculated equivalent as set out below: ----- -------- -------- --------- -------- -------- --------- -------- -------- -- ------ -------- --------- -------- -------- --------- ------ -- -------- --------- a Performance shares awarded under the BP Executive Directors Incentive Plan. These represent the maximum possible vesting levels. The actual number of shares/ ADSs that vest will depend on the extent to which performance conditions have been satisfied over a three-year period. b In addition to the above, Dr Grote holds 40,000 Stock Appreciation Rights (equivalent to 240,000 ordinary shares). There are no directors or members of senior management who own more than 1% of the ordinary shares outstanding. At 20 February 2007, all directors and senior management as a group held interests in 15,488,669 ordinary shares or their calculated equivalent and 8,584,526 options for ordinary shares or their calculated equivalent under the BP group share options schemes. Additional details regarding the options granted, including exercise price and expiry dates, are found in the directors’ remuneration report on page 75. Employee share plans The following table shows employee share options granted. ----- -------- -------- --------- -------- -------- --------- -------- -------- -- ------ -------- --------- -------- -------- --------- ------ -- -------- --------- options thousands ----- -------- -------- --------- -------- -------- --------- -------- -------- -- ------ -------- --------- -------- -------- --------- ------ -- -------- --------- 2006 2005 2004 Employee share options granted during the yeara 53,978 54,482 80,395 a For the options outstanding at 31 December 2006, the exercise price ranges and weighted average remaining contractual lives are shown in Financial statements – Note 44 on page 163. BP offers most of its employees the opportunity to acquire a shareholding in the company through savings-related and/or matching share plan arrangements. BP also uses long-term performance plans (see Financial statements – Note 44 on page 163) and the granting of share options as elements of remuneration for executive directors and senior employees. Savings and matching plans BP ShareSave Plan A savings-related share option plan, under which employees save on a monthly basis over a three-or ﬁve-year period towards the purchase of shares at ﬁxed price determined when the option is granted. This price is usually set at a 20% discount to the market price at the time of grant. The option must be exercised within six months of maturity of the savings contract; otherwise it lapses. The plan is run in the UK and options are granted annually, usually in June. Until 2003, a three-year savings plan was also run in a small number of other countries. Options will remain outstanding in respect of these countries until the end of June 2007. Participants leaving for a qualifying reason will have six months in which to use their savings to exercise their options on a pro-rated basis. BP ShareMatch Plans Matching share plans, under which BP matches employees’ own contributions of shares up to a predetermined limit. The plans are run in the UK and in over 70 other countries. The UK plan is run on a monthly basis with shares being held in trust for ﬁve years before they can be released free of any income tax and national insurance liability. In other countries, the plan is run on an annual basis, with shares being held in trust for three years. The plan is operated on a cash basis in those countries where there are regulatory restrictions preventing the holding of BP shares. When the employee leaves BP, all shares must be removed from trust and units under the plan operated on a cash basis must be encashed. Local plans In some countries, BP provides local scheme beneﬁts, the rules and qualiﬁcations for which vary according to local circumstances. The above share plans are indicated as being equity-settled. However in certain countries it is not possible to award shares to employees owing to local legislation. In these instances the award will be settled in cash, calculated as the cash equivalent of the value to the employee of an equity-settled plan. Cash plans Cash Options/Stock Appreciation Rights (SARs) These are cash-settled share-based payments available to certain employees that require the group to pay the intrinsic value of the cash option/SAR to the employee at the date of exercise. There are no performance conditions; however, participants must continue in employment with BP for the ﬁrst three calendar years of the plan for the options/SARs to vest. Special arrangements may apply for qualifying leavers. The options/SARs are exercisable between the third and 10th anniversaries of the grant date. Employee Share Ownership Plans (ESOPs) ESOPs have been established to acquire BP shares to satisfy any awards made to participants under the Executive Directors’ Incentive Plan, the Medium Term Performance Plan, the Long Term Performance Plan, the Deferred Annual Bonus Plan and the BP ShareMatch Plans. The ESOPs have waived their rights to dividends on shares held for future awards and are funded by the group. Until such time as the company’s own shares held by the ESOP trusts vest unconditionally in employees, the amount paid for those shares is deducted in arriving at shareholders’ equity. (See Financial statements – Note 43 on page 160. Assets and liabilities of the ESOPs are recognized as assets and liabilities of the group.) At 31 December 2006, the ESOPs held 12,795,887 shares (2005 14,560,003 shares and 2004 8,621,219 shares) for potential future awards, which had a market value of $142 million (2005 $156 million and 2004 $84 million). BP Annual Report and Accounts 2006 83 Pursuant to the various BP group share option schemes, the following options for ordinary shares of the company were outstanding at 20 February 2007: ----- -------- -------- --------- -------- -------- --------- -------- -------- -- ------ -------- --------- -------- -------- --------- ------ -- -------- --------- Options outstanding (shares) ----- -------- -------- --------- -------- -------- --------- -------- -------- -- ------ -------- --------- -------- -------- --------- ------ -- -------- --------- 422,119,465 Exercise price per share $5.0967-$11.921 Expiry dates of options 2007-2016 Major shareholders and related party transactions Register of members holding BP ordinary shares as at 31 December 2006 ----- -------- -------- --------- -------- -------- --------- -------- -------- -- ------ -------- --------- -------- -------- --------- ------ -- -------- --------- Number of shareholders Percentage of total shareholders Percentage of total share capital Range of holdings ----- -------- -------- --------- -------- -------- --------- -------- -------- -- ------ -------- --------- -------- -------- --------- ------ -- -------- --------- 1-200 201-1,000 1,001-10,000 10,001-100,000 100,001-1,000,000 Over 1,000,000a Totals 61,108 126,141 128,717 12,366 1,087 822 ----- -------- -------- --------- -------- -------- --------- -------- -------- -- ------ -------- --------- -------- -------- --------- ------ -- -------- --------- 330,241 18.50 38.20 38.98 3.74 0.33 0.25 100.00 0.01 0.30 1.81 1.18 1.83 94.87 100.00 a Includes JP Morgan Chase Bank, holding 26.46% of the total share capital as the approved depositary for ADSs, a breakdown of which is shown in the table below. Register of holders of American depositary shares as at 31 December 2006a ----- -------- -------- --------- -------- -------- --------- -------- -------- -- ------ -------- --------- -------- -------- --------- ------ -- -------- --------- Number of ADS holders Percentage of total ADS holders Percentage of total ADS holders Range of holdings ----- -------- -------- --------- -------- -------- --------- -------- -------- -- ------ -------- --------- -------- -------- --------- ------ -- -------- --------- 1-200 201-1,000 1,001-10,000 10,001-100,000 100,001-1,000,000 Over 1,000,000b Totals 37,265 36,140 58,388 16,708 600 12 ----- -------- -------- --------- -------- -------- --------- -------- -------- -- ------ -------- --------- -------- -------- --------- ------ -- -------- --------- 149,113 0.05 0.34 3.63 7.60 1.91 86.47 100.00 24.99 24.24 39.16 11.20 0.40 0.01 100.00 a One ADS represents six 25 cent ordinary shares. b One of the holders of ADSs represents some 751,000 underlying shareholders. As at 31 December 2006, there were also 1,534 preference shareholders. Substantial shareholdings Following implementation of the EU Transparency Directive effected by the new Disclosure and Transparency Rules (DTR) made by the Financial Services Authority, there has been a change in the basis on which we disclose certain major interests in the share capital of the company. Under DTR 5, we have received notiﬁcation that Legal & General Group Plc hold 3.77% of the voting rights of the issued share capital of the company. Related party transactions The group had no material transactions with jointly controlled entities and associates during the period commencing 1 January 2006 to the date of this report. Transactions between the group and its signiﬁcant jointly controlled entities and associates are summarized in Financial statements – Note 29 on page 136 and Financial statements – Note 30 on page 137. In the ordinary course of its business, the group has transactions with various organizations with which certain of its directors are associated but, except as described in this report, no material transactions responsive to this item have been entered into in the period commencing 1 January 2006 to 20 February 2007. Dividends BP has paid dividends on its ordinary shares in each year since 1917. In 2000 and thereafter, dividends were, and are expected to continue to be, paid quarterly in March, June, September and December. Until their shares have been exchanged for BP ADSs, Amoco and Atlantic Richﬁeld shareholders do not have the right to receive dividends. BP currently announces dividends for ordinary shares in US dollars and states an equivalent pounds sterling dividend. Dividends on BP ordinary shares will be paid in pounds sterling and on BP ADSs in US dollars. The rate of exchange used to determine the sterling amount equivalent is the average of the forward exchange rate in London over the ﬁve business days prior to the announcement date. The directors may choose to declare dividends in any currency provided that a sterling equivalent is announced, but it is not the company’s intention to change its current policy of announcing dividends on ordinary shares in US dollars. The following table shows dividends announced and paid by the company per ADS for each of the past ﬁve years before the ‘refund’ and deduction of withholding taxes as described in Taxation on page 88. Refund means an amount equal to the tax credit available to individual shareholders resident in the UK in respect of such dividend, less a withholding tax equal to 15% (but limited to the amount of the tax credit) of the aggregate of such tax credit and such dividend. For dividends paid after 30 April 2004, there is no refund available to shareholders resident in the US. See Taxation on page 88 for more information. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ March June September December Total Dividends per American depositary share 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ UK pence US cents Can. cents UK pence US cents Can. cents UK pence US cents Can. cents UK pence US cents Can. cents UK pence US cents Can. cents 24.3 34.5 54.9 22.9 37.5 57.4 22.0 40.5 53.7 27.1 51.0 64.0 31.7 56.25 64.5 24.3 34.5 54.1 23.7 37.5 54.3 22.8 40.5 54.8 26.7 51.0 63.2 31.5 56.25 64.1 23.3 36.0 56.7 24.2 39.0 54.0 23.2 42.6 56.7 30.7 53.55 65.3 31.9 58.95 67.4 23.4 36.0 56.1 23.1 39.0 51.1 23.5 42.6 52.2 30.4 53.55 63.7 31.4 58.95 66.5 95.3 141.0 221.8 93.9 153.0 216.8 91.5 166.2 217.4 114.9 209.1 256.2 126.5 230.4 262.5 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ A dividend reinvestment plan is in place whereby holders of BP ordinary shares can elect to reinvest the net cash dividend in shares purchased on the London Stock Exchange. This plan is not available to any person resident in the US or Canada or in any jurisdiction outside the UK where such an offer requires compliance by the company with any governmental or regulatory procedures or any similar formalities. A dividend reinvestment plan is, however, available for holders of ADSs through JPMorgan Chase Bank. Future dividends will be dependent on future earnings, the ﬁnancial condition of the group, the Risk factors set out on pages 12-13 and other matters that may affect the business of the group set out in Financial and operating performance on page 47. 84 Legal proceedings Save as disclosed in the following paragraphs, no member of the group is a party to, and no property of a member of the group is subject to, any pending legal proceedings that are signiﬁcant to the group. On 28 June 2006, the US Commodity Futures Trading Commission (CFTC) ﬁled a civil enforcement action in the US District Court for the Northern District of Illinois against BP Products North America Inc. (BP Products), a wholly owned subsidiary of BP, alleging that BP Products manipulated the price of February 2004 TET physical propane. The CFTC also charged BP Products with attempting to manipulate the price of February 2004 and April 2003 TET physical propane. The CFTC is seeking permanent injunctive relief, disgorgement, restitution and payment of civil monetary penalties. On 28 June 2006, the US Department of Justice ﬁled a criminal charge against a former BP Products propane trader, who entered a guilty plea. Proceedings in the CFTC’s civil enforcement action have been stayed by the District Court pending the further investigation of these matters by the Department of Justice. BP Products believes that it has co-operated fully with the CFTC in its investigation of this matter and is assisting the Department of Justice in its ongoing investigation. Private class action complaints have also been ﬁled against BP Products that have been consolidated in the US District Court for the Northern District of Illinois. The complaints contain allegations similar to those in the CFTC action as well as of violations of federal and state antitrust and unfair competition laws and state consumer protection statutes and unjust enrichment. The complaints seek actual and punitive damages and injunctive relief. The CFTC is currently investigating various aspects of BP Products’ crude oil trading and storage activities in the US since 2003 and has made various formal and informal requests for information. BP has provided, and continues to provide, responsive data and other information to these requests. The CFTC is also conducting an investigation into BP Products’ trading of unleaded gasoline futures contracts on 31 October 2002. The CFTC staff notiﬁed BP on 21 November 2006 that they intend to recommend to the CFTC that a civil enforcement action be brought against BP Corporation North America Inc. alleging violations of Sections 6(c), 6(d) and 9(a)(2) of the Commodity Exchange Act in connection with its trading of unleaded gasoline futures contracts on 31 October 2002. BP has provided, and continues to provide, responsive documents and witness testimony. The US Attorney for the Northern District of Illinois is also conducting an investigation into BP Products’ trading of unleaded gasoline futures contracts on 31 October 2002. On 23 March 2005, an explosion and ﬁre occurred in the isomerization unit of BP Products’ Texas City reﬁnery as the unit was coming out of planned maintenance. Fifteen workers died in the incident and many others were injured. BP Products has reached more than 1,000 settlements in respect of all the fatalities and many of the personal injury claims arising from the incident. Trials have been scheduled for a number of unresolved claims in mid-2007, although to date all claims scheduled for trial have been resolved in advance of trial. The US Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA), the US Chemical Safety and Hazard Investigation Board (CSB), the US Environmental Protection Agency and the Texas Commission on Environmental Quality, among other agencies, have conducted or are conducting investigations. At the conclusion of their investigation, OSHA issued citations that BP Products agreed not to contest. BP Products settled that matter with OSHA on 22 September 2005, paying a $21.4 million penalty and undertaking a number of corrective actions designed to make the reﬁnery safer. OSHA referred the matter to the US Department of Justice for criminal investigation, and the Department of Justice has opened an investigation. At the recommendation of the CSB, BP appointed an independent safety panel, the BP US Reﬁneries Independent Safety Review Panel, under the chairmanship of former US Secretary of State James A Baker, III. See Report of the BP US Reﬁneries Safety Review Panel on page 29 for a discussion of the Baker Panel’s report, which was published on 16 January 2007. Other government legal actions related to this matter are pending. Shareholder derivative lawsuits have been ﬁled in US federal and state courts against the directors of the company and others, nominally the company and certain US subsidiaries following the events relating to, inter alia, Prudhoe Bay, Texas City and the trading cases, alleging breach of ﬁduciary duty. Approximately 200 lawsuits were ﬁled in State and Federal Courts in Alaska seeking compensatory and punitive damages arising out of the Exxon Valdez oil spill in Prince William Sound in March 1989. Most of those suits named Exxon (now ExxonMobil), Alyeska Pipeline Service Company (Alyeska), which operates the oil terminal at Valdez, and the other oil companies that own Alyeska. Alyeska initially responded to the spill until the response was taken over by Exxon. BP owns a 47% interest (reduced during 2001 from 50% by a sale of 3% to Phillips) in Alyeska through a subsidiary of BP America Inc. and brieﬂy indirectly owned a further 20% interest in Alyeska following BP’s combination with Atlantic Richﬁeld. Alyeska and its owners have settled all the claims against them under these lawsuits. Exxon has indicated that it may ﬁle a claim for contribution against Alyeska for a portion of the costs and damages which it has incurred. If any claims are asserted by Exxon that affect Alyeska and its owners, BP will defend the claims vigorously. Since 1987, Atlantic Richﬁeld Company, a subsidiary of BP, has been named as a co-defendant in numerous lawsuits brought in the US alleging injury to persons and property caused by lead pigment in paint. The majority of the lawsuits have been abandoned or dismissed as against Atlantic Richﬁeld. Atlantic Richﬁeld is named in these lawsuits as alleged successor to International Smelting and Reﬁning which, along with a predecessor company, manufactured lead pigment during the period 1920-1946. Plaintiffs include individuals and governmental entities. Several of the lawsuits purport to be class actions. The lawsuits seek various remedies including: compensation to lead-poisoned children; cost to ﬁnd and remove lead paint from buildings; medical monitoring and screening programmes; public warning and education of lead hazards; reimbursement of government healthcare costs and special education for lead-poisoned citizens; and punitive damages. No lawsuit against Atlantic Richﬁeld has been settled nor has Atlantic Richﬁeld been subject to a ﬁnal adverse judgment in any proceeding. The amounts claimed and, if such suits were successful, the costs of implementing the remedies sought in the various cases could be substantial. While it is not possible to predict the outcome of these legal actions, Atlantic Richﬁeld believes that it has valid defences and it intends to defend such actions vigorously and that the incurrence of liability is remote. Consequently, BP believes that the impact of these lawsuits on the group’s results of operations, ﬁnancial position or liquidity will not be material. For certain information regarding environmental proceedings, see Environmental protection – US regional review on page 45. BP Annual Report and Accounts 2006 85 The offer and listing Markets and market prices The primary market for BP’s ordinary shares is the London Stock Exchange (LSE). BP’s ordinary shares are a constituent element of the Financial Times Stock Exchange 100 Index. BP’s ordinary shares are also traded on stock exchanges in France, Germany, Japan and Switzerland. Trading of BP’s shares on the LSE is primarily through the use of the Stock Exchange Electronic Trading Service (SETS), introduced in 1997 for the largest companies in terms of market capitalization whose primary listing is the LSE. Under SETS, buy and sell orders at speciﬁc prices may be sent to the exchange electronically by any ﬁrm that is a member of the LSE, on behalf of a client or on behalf of itself acting as a principal. The orders are then anonymously displayed in the order book. When there is a match on a buy and a sell order, the trade is executed and automatically reported to the LSE. Trading is continuous from 8.00 a.m. to 4.30 p.m. UK time but, in the event of a 20% movement in the share price either way, the LSE may impose a temporary halt in the trading of that company’s shares in the order book to allow the market to re-establish equilibrium. Dealings in ordinary shares may also take place between an investor and a market-maker, via a member ﬁrm, outside the electronic order book. In the US and Canada, the company’s securities are traded in the form of ADSs, for which JPMorgan Chase Bank is the depositary (the Depositary) and transfer agent. The Depositary’s principal ofﬁce is 4 New York Plaza, Floor 13, New York, NY 10004, US. Each ADS represents six ordinary shares. ADSs are listed on the New York Stock Exchange and are also traded on the Chicago, Paciﬁc and Toronto Stock Exchanges. ADSs are evidenced by American depositary receipts, or ADRs, which may be issued in either certiﬁcated or book entry form. The following table sets forth for the periods indicated the highest and lowest middle market quotations for BP’s ordinary shares for the periods shown. These are derived from the Daily Ofﬁcial List of the LSE and the highest and lowest sales prices of ADSs as reported on the New York Stock Exchange composite tape. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Pence Ordinary shares Dollars American depositary sharesa High Low High Low 625.00 458.00 561.00 686.00 723.00 579.50 600.00 686.00 679.00 693.00 723.00 653.00 619.00 574.50 387.00 348.75 407.75 499.00 558.50 499.00 516.00 580.50 599.00 623.00 581.00 560.00 558.50 527.50 53.98 49.59 62.10 72.75 76.85 66.65 64.94 72.75 71.25 72.88 76.85 73.28 69.49 64.03 36.25 34.67 46.65 56.60 63.52 56.60 57.95 62.84 63.26 65.35 64.19 63.81 63.52 61.29 605.50 619.00 606.50 587.50 574.50 544.00 560.00 558.50 566.00 563.00 527.50 527.50 68.60 69.49 69.11 66.88 62.27 64.03 63.81 63.52 65.75 66.20 61.29 61.90 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Year ended 31 December 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 Year ended 31 December 2005: 2006: First quarter Second quarter Third quarter Fourth quarter First quarter Second quarter Third quarter Fourth quarter First quarter (through 20 February) 2007: Month of September 2006 October 2006 November 2006 December 2006 January 2007 February 2007 (through 20 February) a An ADS is equivalent to six 25 cent ordinary shares. 86 Market prices for the ordinary shares on the LSE and in after-hours trading off the LSE, in each case while the New York Stock Exchange is open, and the market prices for ADSs on the New York Stock Exchange and other North American stock exchanges are closely related due to arbitrage among the various markets, although differences may exist from time to time due to various factors, including UK stamp duty reserve tax. Trading in ADSs began on the LSE on 3 August 1987. On 20 February 2007, 945,592,180 ADSs (equivalent to 5,673,553,084 ordinary shares or some 29.08% of the total) were outstanding and were held by approximately 148,268 ADR holders. Of these, about 146,556 had registered addresses in the US at that date. One of the registered holders of ADSs represents some 759,659 underlying holders. On 20 February 2007, there were approximately 332,034 holders of record of ordinary shares. Of these holders, around 1,471 had registered addresses in the US and held a total of some 4,201,229 ordinary shares. Since certain of the ordinary shares and ADSs were held by brokers and other nominees, the number of holders of record in the US may not be representative of the number of beneﬁcial holders or of their country of residence. Memorandum and articles of association The following summarizes certain provisions of BP’s Memorandum and Articles of Association and applicable English law. This summary is qualiﬁed in its entirety by reference to the UK Companies Act and BP’s Memorandum and Articles of Association. Information on where investors can obtain copies of the Memorandum and Articles of Association is described under the heading ‘Documents on Display’ on page 90. On 24 April 2003, the shareholders of BP voted at the AGM to adopt new Articles of Association to consolidate amendments which had been necessary to implement legislative changes since the previous Articles of Association were adopted in 1983. At the AGM held on 15 April 2004, shareholders approved an amendment to the Articles of Association such that, at each AGM held after 31 December 2004, all directors shall retire from ofﬁce and may offer themselves for re-election. There have been no further amendments to the Articles of Association. Objects and purposes BP is incorporated under the name BP p.l.c. and is registered in England and Wales with registered number 102498. Clause 4 of BP’s Memorandum of Association provides that its objects include the acquisition of petroleum-bearing lands; the carrying on of reﬁning and dealing businesses in the petroleum, manufacturing, metallurgical or chemicals businesses; the purchase and operation of ships and all other vehicles and other conveyances; and the carrying on of any other businesses calculated to beneﬁt BP. The memorandum grants BP a range of corporate capabilities to effect these objects. Directors The business and affairs of BP shall be managed by the directors. The Articles of Association place a general prohibition on a director voting in respect of any contract or arrangement in which he has a material interest other than by virtue of his interest in shares in the company. However, in the absence of some other material interest not indicated below, a director is entitled to vote and to be counted in a quorum for the purpose of any vote relating to a resolution concerning the following matters: – The giving of security or indemnity with respect to any money lent or obligation taken by the director at the request or beneﬁt of the company. – Any proposal in which he is interested concerning the underwriting of company securities or debentures. – Any proposal concerning any other company in which he is interested, directly or indirectly (whether as an ofﬁcer or shareholder or otherwise) provided that he and persons connected with him are not the holder or holders of 1% or more of the voting interest in the shares of such company. – Proposals concerning the modiﬁcation of certain retirement beneﬁts schemes under which he may beneﬁt and which have been approved by either the UK Board of Inland Revenue or by the shareholders. – Any proposal concerning the purchase or maintenance of any insurance policy under which he may beneﬁt. The UK Companies Act requires a director of a company who is in any way interested in a contract or proposed contract with the company to declare the nature of his interest at a meeting of the directors of the company. The deﬁnition of ‘interest’ now includes the interests of spouses, children, companies and trusts. The directors may exercise all the powers of the company to borrow money, except that the amount remaining undischarged of all moneys borrowed by the company shall not, without approval of the shareholders, exceed the amount paid up on the share capital plus the aggregate of the amount of the capital and revenue reserves of the company. Variation of the borrowing power of the board may only be effected by amending the Articles of Association. Remuneration of non-executive directors shall be determined in the aggregate by resolution of the shareholders. Remuneration of executive directors is determined by the remuneration committee. This committee is made up of non-executive directors only. Any director attaining the age of 70 shall retire at the next AGM. There is no requirement of share ownership for a director’s qualiﬁcation. Dividend rights; other rights to share in company proﬁts; capital calls If recommended by the directors of BP, BP shareholders may, by resolution, declare dividends but no such dividend may be declared in excess of the amount recommended by the directors. The directors may also pay interim dividends without obtaining shareholder approval. No dividend may be paid other than out of proﬁts available for distribution, as determined under IFRS and the UK Companies Act. Dividends on ordinary shares are payable only after payment of dividends on BP preference shares. Any dividend unclaimed after a period of 12 years from the date of declaration of such dividend shall be forfeited and reverts to BP. The directors have the power to declare and pay dividends in any currency provided that a sterling equivalent is announced. It is not the company’s intention to change its current policy of paying dividends in US dollars. Apart from shareholders’ rights to share in BP’s proﬁts by dividend (if any is declared), the Articles of Association provide that the directors may set aside: – A special reserve fund out of the balance of proﬁts each year to make up any deﬁcit of cumulative dividend on the BP preference shares. – A general reserve out of the balance of proﬁts each year, which shall be applicable for any purpose to which the proﬁts of the company may properly be applied. This may include capitalization of such sum, pursuant to an ordinary shareholders’ resolution, and distribution to shareholders as if it were distributed by way of a dividend on the ordinary shares or in paying up in full unissued ordinary shares for allotment and distribution as bonus shares. Any such sums so deposited may be distributed in accordance with the manner of distribution of dividends as described above. Holders of shares are not subject to calls on capital by the company, provided that the amounts required to be paid on issue have been paid off. All shares are fully paid. Voting rights The Articles of Association of BP provide that voting on resolutions at a shareholders’ meeting will be decided on a poll other than resolutions of a procedural nature, which may be decided on a show of hands. If voting is on a poll, every shareholder who is present in person or by proxy has one vote for every ordinary share held and two votes for every £5 in nominal amount of BP preference shares held. If voting is on a show of hands, each shareholder who is present at the meeting in person or whose duly appointed proxy is present in person will have one vote, regardless of the number of shares held, unless a poll is requested. Shareholders do not have cumulative voting rights. Holders of record of ordinary shares may appoint a proxy, including a beneﬁcial owner of those shares, to attend, speak and vote on their behalf at any shareholders’ meeting. BP Annual Report and Accounts 2006 87 Record holders of BP ADSs also are entitled to attend, speak and vote at any shareholders’ meeting of BP by the appointment by the approved depositary, JPMorgan Chase Bank, of them as proxies in respect of the ordinary shares represented by their ADSs. Each such proxy may also appoint a proxy. Alternatively, holders of ADSs are entitled to vote by supplying their voting instructions to the depositary, who will vote the ordinary shares represented by their ADSs in accordance with their instructions. Proxies may be delivered electronically. Matters are transacted at shareholders’ meetings by the proposing and passing of resolutions, of which there are three types: ordinary, special or extraordinary. An ordinary resolution requires the afﬁrmative vote of a majority of the votes of those persons voting at a meeting at which there is a quorum. Special and extraordinary resolutions require the afﬁrmative vote of not less than three-fourths of the persons voting at a meeting at which there is a quorum. Any AGM at which it is proposed to put a special or ordinary resolution requires 21 days’ notice. An extraordinary resolution put to the AGM requires no notice period. Any extraordinary general meeting at which it is proposed to put a special resolution requires 21 days’ notice; otherwise, the notice period for an extraordinary general meeting is 14 days. Liquidation rights; redemption provisions In the event of a liquidation of BP, after payment of all liabilities and applicable deductions under UK laws and subject to the payment of secured creditors, the holders of BP preference shares would be entitled to the sum of (i) the capital paid up on such shares plus, (ii) accrued and unpaid dividends and (iii) a premium equal to the higher of (a) 10% of the capital paid up on the BP preference shares and (b) the excess of the average market price over par value of such shares on the LSE during the previous six months. The remaining assets (if any) would be divided pro rata among the holders of ordinary shares. Without prejudice to any special rights previously conferred on the holders of any class of shares, BP may issue any share with such preferred, deferred or other special rights, or subject to such restrictions as the shareholders by resolution determine (or, in the absence of any such resolutions, by determination of the directors), and may issue shares that are to be or may be redeemed. Variation of rights The rights attached to any class of shares may be varied with the consent in writing of holders of 75% of the shares of that class or upon the adoption of an extraordinary resolution passed at a separate meeting of the holders of the shares of that class. At every such separate meeting, all of the provisions of the Articles of Association relating to proceedings at a general meeting apply, except that the quorum with respect to a meeting to change the rights attached to the preference shares is 10% or more of the shares of that class, and the quorum to change the rights attached to the ordinary shares is one third or more of the shares of that class. Shareholders’ meetings and notices Shareholders must provide BP with a postal or electronic address in the UK in order to be entitled to receive notice of shareholders’ meetings. In certain circumstances, BP may give notices to shareholders by advertisement in UK newspapers. Holders of BP ADSs are entitled to receive notices under the terms of the deposit agreement relating to BP ADSs. The substance and timing of notices is described above under the heading Voting Rights. Under the Articles of Association, the AGM of shareholders will be held within 15 months after the preceding AGM. All other general meetings of shareholders shall be called extraordinary general meetings and all general meetings shall be held at a time and place determined by the directors within the UK. If any shareholders’ meeting is adjourned for lack of quorum, notice of the time and place of the meeting may be given in any lawful manner, including electronically. Powers exist for action to be taken either before or at the meeting by authorized ofﬁcers to ensure its orderly conduct and safety of those attending. Limitations on voting and shareholding There are no limitations imposed by English law or BP’s Memorandum or Articles of Association on the right of non-residents or foreign persons to hold or vote the company’s ordinary shares or ADSs, other than limitations that would generally apply to all of the shareholders. Disclosure of interests in shares The UK Companies Act permits a public company, on written notice, to require any person whom the company believes to be or, at any time during the previous three years prior to the issue of the notice, to have been interested in its voting shares, to disclose certain information with respect to those interests. Failure to supply the information required may lead to disenfranchisement of the relevant shares and a prohibition on their transfer and receipt of dividends and other payments in respect of those shares. In this context the term ‘interest’ is widely deﬁned and will generally include an interest of any kind whatsoever in voting shares, including any interest of a holder of BP ADSs. Exchange controls There are currently no UK foreign exchange controls or restrictions on remittances of dividends on the ordinary shares or on the conduct of the company’s operations. There are no limitations, either under the laws of the UK or under BP’s Articles of Association, restricting the right of non-resident or foreign owners to hold or vote BP ordinary or preference shares in the company. Taxation This section describes the material US federal income tax and UK taxation consequences of owning ordinary shares or ADSs to a US holder who holds the ordinary shares or ADSs as capital assets for tax purposes. It does not apply, however, to members of special classes of holders subject to special rules and holders that, directly or indirectly, hold 10% or more of the company’s voting stock. A US holder is any beneﬁcial owner of ordinary shares or ADSs that is for US federal income tax purposes (i) a citizen or resident of the US, (ii) a US domestic corporation, (iii) an estate whose income is subject to US federal income taxation regardless of its source, or (iv) a trust if a US court can exercise primary supervision over the trust’s administration and one or more US persons are authorized to control all substantial decisions of the trust. This section is based on the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, its legislative history, existing and proposed regulations thereunder, published rulings and court decisions, and the taxation laws of the UK, all as currently in effect, as well as the income tax convention between the US and the UK that entered into force on 31 March 2003 (the Treaty). These laws are subject to change, possibly on a retroactive basis. For purposes of the Treaty and the estate and gift tax Convention (the ‘Estate Tax Convention’), and for US federal income tax and UK taxation purposes, a holder of ADRs evidencing ADSs will be treated as the owner of the company’s ordinary shares represented by those ADRs. Exchanges of ordinary shares for ADRs and ADRs for ordinary shares generally will not be subject to US federal income tax or to UK taxation other than stamp duty or stamp duty reserve tax, as described below. This section is further based in part upon the representations of the Depositary and assumes that each obligation in the Deposit Agreement and any related agreement will be performed in accordance with its terms. Investors should consult their own tax adviser regarding the US federal, state and local, the UK and other tax consequences of owning and disposing of ordinary shares and ADSs in their particular circumstances, and in particular whether they are eligible for the beneﬁts of the Treaty. 88 Taxation of dividends UK taxation Under current UK taxation law, no withholding tax will be deducted from dividends paid by the company, including dividends paid to US holders. A shareholder that is a company resident for tax purposes in the United Kingdom generally will not be taxable on a dividend it receives from the company. A shareholder who is an individual resident for tax purposes in the United Kingdom is entitled to a tax credit on cash dividends paid on ordinary shares or ADSs of the company equal to one-ninth of the cash dividend. US federal income taxation A US holder is subject to US federal income taxation on the gross amount of any dividend paid by the company out of its current or accumulated earnings and proﬁts (as determined for US federal income tax purposes). Dividends paid to a non-corporate US holder in taxable years beginning before 1 January 2011 that constitute qualiﬁed dividend income will be taxable to the holder at a maximum tax rate of 15%, provided that the holder has a holding period in the ordinary shares or ADSs of more than 60 days during the 121-day period beginning 60 days before the ex- dividend date and meets other holding period requirements. Dividends paid by the company with respect to the shares or ADSs will generally be qualiﬁed dividend income. As noted above in UK taxation, a US holder will not be subject to UK withholding tax. A US holder will include in gross income for US federal income tax purposes the amount of the dividend actually received from the company and the receipt of a dividend will not entitle the US holder to a foreign tax credit. For US federal income tax purposes, a dividend must be included in income when the US holder, in the case of ordinary shares, or the Depositary, in the case of ADSs, actually or constructively receives the dividend, and will not be eligible for the dividends-received deduction generally allowed to US corporations in respect of dividends received from other US corporations. Dividends will be income from sources outside the US, and generally will be ‘passive income’ or, in the case of certain US holders, ‘ﬁnancial services income’ (or, for tax years beginning after 31 December 2006, ‘general category income’), which is treated separately from other types of income for purposes of computing the allowable foreign tax credit. The amount of the dividend distribution on the ordinary shares or ADSs that is paid in pounds sterling will be the US dollar value of the pounds sterling payments made, determined at the spot pounds sterling/US dollar rate on the date the dividend distribution is includible in income, regardless of whether the payment is in fact converted into US dollars. Generally, any gain or loss resulting from currency exchange ﬂuctuations during the period from the date the pounds sterling dividend payment is includible in income to the date the payment is converted into US dollars will be treated as ordinary income or loss. The gain or loss generally will be income or loss from sources within the US for foreign tax credit limitation purposes. Distributions in excess of the company’s earnings and proﬁts, as determined for US federal income tax purposes, will be treated as a return of capital to the extent of the US holder’s basis in the ordinary shares or ADSs and thereafter as capital gain, subject to taxation as described in Taxation of capital gains – US federal income taxation. Taxation of capital gains UK taxation A US holder may be liable for both UK and US tax in respect of a gain on the disposal of ordinary shares or ADSs if the US holder is (i) a citizen of the US resident or ordinarily resident in the UK, (ii) a US domestic corporation resident in the UK by reason of its business being managed or controlled in the UK or (iii) a citizen of the US or a corporation that carries on a trade or profession or vocation in the UK through a branch or agency or, in respect of corporations for accounting periods beginning on or after 1 January 2003, through a permanent establishment, and that have used, held, or acquired the ordinary shares or ADSs for the purposes of such trade, profession or vocation of such branch, agency or permanent establishment. However, such persons may be entitled to a tax credit against their US federal income tax liability for the amount of UK capital gains tax or UK corporation tax on chargeable gains (as the case may be) which is paid in respect of such gain. Under the Treaty, capital gains on dispositions of ordinary shares or ADSs generally will be subject to tax only in the jurisdiction of residence of the relevant holder as determined under both the laws of the UK and the US and as required by the terms of the Treaty. Under the Treaty, individuals who are residents of either the UK or the US and who have been residents of the other jurisdiction (the US or the UK, as the case may be) at any time during the six years immediately preceding the relevant disposal of ordinary shares or ADSs may be subject to tax with respect to capital gains arising from a disposition of ordinary shares or ADSs of the company not only in the jurisdiction of which the holder is resident at the time of the disposition but also in the other jurisdiction. US federal income taxation A US holder that sells or otherwise disposes of ordinary shares or ADSs will recognize a capital gain or loss for US federal income tax purposes equal to the difference between the US dollar value of the amount realized and the holder’s tax basis, determined in US dollars, in the ordinary shares or ADSs. Capital gain of a non-corporate US holder that is recognized in taxable years beginning before 1 January 2011 is generally taxed at a maximum rate of 15% if the holder’s holding period for such ordinary shares or ADSs exceeds one year. The gain or loss will generally be income or loss from sources within the US for foreign tax credit limitation purposes. The deductibility of capital losses is subject to limitations. Additional tax considerations UK inheritance tax The Estate Tax Convention applies to inheritance tax. ADSs held by an individual who is domiciled for the purposes of the Estate Tax Convention in the US and is not for the purposes of the Estate Tax Convention a national of the UK will not be subject to UK inheritance tax on the individual’s death or on transfer during the individual’s lifetime unless, among other things, the ADSs are part of the business property of a permanent establishment situated in the UK used for the performance of independent personal services. In the exceptional case where ADSs are subject both to inheritance tax and to US federal gift or estate tax, the Estate Tax Convention generally provides for tax payable in the US to be credited against tax payable in the UK or for tax paid in the UK to be credited against tax payable in the US, based on priority rules set forth in the Estate Tax Convention. UK stamp duty and stamp duty reserve tax The statements below relate to what is understood to be the current practice of the UK Inland Revenue under existing law. Provided that the instrument of transfer is not executed in the UK and remains at all times outside the UK and the transfer does not relate to any matter or thing done or to be done in the UK, no UK stamp duty is payable on the acquisition or transfer of ADSs. Neither will an agreement to transfer ADSs in the form of ADRs give rise to a liability to stamp duty reserve tax. Purchases of ordinary shares, as opposed to ADSs, through the CREST system of paperless share transfers will be subject to stamp duty reserve tax at 0.5%. The charge will arise as soon as there is an agreement for the transfer of the shares (or, in the case of a conditional agreement, when the condition is fulﬁlled). The stamp duty reserve tax will apply to agreements to transfer ordinary shares even if the agreement is made outside the UK between two non-residents. Purchases of ordinary shares outside the CREST system are subject either to stamp duty at a rate of 50 pence per £100 (or part), or stamp duty reserve tax at 0.5%. Stamp duty and stamp duty reserve tax are generally the liability of the purchaser. A subsequent transfer of ordinary shares to the Depositary’s nominee will give rise to further stamp duty at the rate of £1.50 per £100 (or part) or stamp duty reserve tax at the rate of 1.5% of the value of the ordinary shares at the time of the transfer. A transfer of the underlying ordinary shares to an ADR holder on cancellation of the ADSs without transfer of beneﬁcial ownership will give rise to UK stamp duty at the rate of £5 per transfer. BP Annual Report and Accounts 2006 89 An ADR holder electing to receive ADSs instead of a cash dividend will be responsible for the stamp duty reserve tax due on issue of shares to the Depositary’s nominee and calculated at the rate of 1.5% on the issue price of the shares. Current UK Inland Revenue practice is to calculate the issue price by reference to the total cash receipt (i.e., cash dividend plus the Refund if any) to which a US holder would have been entitled had the election to receive ADSs instead of a cash dividend not been made. ADR holders electing to receive ADSs instead of the cash dividend authorize the Depositary to sell sufﬁcient shares to cover this liability. Documents on display BP’s Annual Report and Accounts is available online at www.bp.com. Shareholders have the ability to receive a hard copy of BP’s complete audited ﬁnancial statements, free of charge, by contacting BP Distribution Services at +44 (0)870 241 3269 or through an e-mail request addressed to bpdistributionservices@bp.com, or BP’s US Shareholder Services ofﬁce in Warrenville, Illinois at 1 800 638 5672 or through an e-mail request addressed to shareholderus@bp.com. The company is subject to the information requirements of the US Securities and Exchange Act of 1934 applicable to foreign private issuers. In accordance with these requirements, the company ﬁles its Annual Report on Form 20-F and other related documents with the SEC. It is possible to read and copy documents that have been ﬁled with the SEC at the SEC’s public reference room located at 100 F Street NE, Washington, DC 20549, US. Please call the SEC at 1-800-SEC-0330 or log on to www.sec.gov. In addition, BP’s SEC ﬁlings are available to the public at the SEC’s web site at www.sec.gov. Details of some of BP’s other publications are listed on the inside back cover. Purchases of equity securities by the issuer and afﬁliated purchasers The following table provides details of ordinary shares repurchased. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Total number of shares purchaseda c Average price paid per share $ Total number of shares purchased as part of publicly announced programmes Maximum number of shares that may yet be purchased under the programmeb 2006 January February March April May June July August September October November December 2007 January February (through 20 February) 2006 January February March April May June July August September October November December 2007 January February (through 20 February) 70,000,000 139,785,200 139,294,200 107,608,638 149,312,153 118,823,000 159,261,259 91,904,300 47,989,000 171,740,000 113,255,000 25,390,000 73,361,264 61,797,871 11.67 11.41 11.41 12.22 12.33 11.31 11.82 11.87 10.95 11.15 11.28 11.42 10.80 10.55 70,000,000 139,785,200 139,294,200 107,608,638 149,312,153 118,823,000 159,261,259 91,904,300 47,989,000 171,740,000 113,255,000 25,390,000 73,361,264 61,797,871 41,068 1,638,669 6,198,758 – 13,829 10,001,371 – – 13,606 10,231 – – 71,643 1,700,000 11.24 11.33 11.47 – 12.11 10.70 – – 11.15 11.00 – – 10.93 11.46 a All share purchases were open market transactions. b At the AGM on 20 April 2006, authorization was given to repurchase up to 2 billion ordinary shares in the period to the next AGM or 19 July 2007, the latest date by which an AGM must be held. This authorization is renewed annually at the AGM. c Made up of 493,533,135 shares repurchased for cancellation and 975,988,750 shares held in treasury. The following table provides details of share purchases made by ESOP trusts. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Total number of shares purchased Average price paid per share $ Total number of shares purchased as part of publicly announced programmesa Maximum number of shares that may yet be purchased under the programmea a No shares were repurchased pursuant to a publicly announced plan. Transactions represent the purchase of ordinary shares by ESOP trusts to satisfy future requirements of employee share schemes. 90 Annual general meeting Administration The 2007 annual general meeting will be held on Thursday 12 April 2007 at 11.30 a.m. at ExCeL London, One Western Gateway, Royal Victoria Dock, London E16 1XL. A separate notice convening the meeting is sent to shareholders with this Report, together with an explanation of the items of special business to be considered at the meeting. All resolutions of which notice has been given will be decided on a poll. Ernst & Young LLP have expressed their willingness to continue in ofﬁce as auditors and a resolution for their reappointment is included in Notice of BP Annual General Meeting 2007. If you have any queries about the administration of shareholdings, such as change of address, change of ownership, dividend payments, the dividend reinvestment plan or the ADS direct access plan, please contact the Registrar or ADS Depositary. To elect to receive the Directors’ Report and Annual Accounts in place of summary ﬁnancial statements for all future ﬁnancial years, please write to the Registrar. To elect to receive your company documents (such as the Annual Report and Accounts, Annual Review and Notice of Meeting) electronically, please register at www.bp.com/edelivery. By order of the board David J Jackson Secretary 23 February 2007 UK – Registrar’s Ofﬁce The BP Registrar, Lloyds TSB Registrars The Causeway, Worthing, West Sussex BN99 6DA Telephone: +44 (0)121 415 7005; Freephone in UK: 0800 701107 Textphone: 0870 600 3950; Fax: +44 (0)1903 833371 US – ADS Administration JPMorgan Chase Bank PO Box 3408, South Hackensack, NJ 07606-3408 Telephone: +1 201 680 6630 Toll-free in US and Canada: +1 877 638 5672 BP Annual Report and Accounts 2006 91 This page is intentionally left blank. 92 Financial statements contents Consolidated ﬁnancial statements of the BP group Statement of directors’ responsibilities in respect of the consolidated ﬁnancial statements Independent auditor’s report Group income statement Group balance sheet Group cash ﬂow statement Group statement of recognized income and expense Notes on ﬁnancial statements 1 Signiﬁcant accounting policies 2 Resegmentation and other changes to comparatives 3 Oil and natural gas reserves estimates 4 Acquisitions 5 Non-current assets held for sale and discontinued operations 6 Disposals 7 Segmental analysis 8 Earnings from jointly controlled entities and associates 9 Interest and other revenues 10 Gains on sale of businesses and ﬁxed assets 11 Production and similar taxes 12 Depreciation, depletion and amortization 13 Impairment and losses on sale of businesses and ﬁxed assets 14 Impairment of goodwill 15 Distribution and administration expenses 16 Currency exchange gains and losses 17 Research 18 Operating leases 19 Exploration for and evaluation of oil and natural gas resources 20 Auditors’ remuneration 21 Finance costs 22 Other ﬁnance income and expense 23 Taxation 24 Dividends 25 Earnings per ordinary share 26 Property, plant and equipment 27 Goodwill 28 Intangible assets 29 Investments in jointly controlled entities 30 Investments in associates 31 Other investments 32 Inventories 33 Trade and other receivables 34 Cash and cash equivalents 35 Trade and other payables 36 Derivative ﬁnancial instruments 37 Derivative ﬁnancial instruments (UK GAAP) 38 Finance debt 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 109 110 111 111 112 113 120 120 121 121 122 123 124 126 126 127 127 128 128 129 129 130 132 133 134 135 135 136 137 138 138 139 139 140 141 148 149 39 Analysis of changes in net debt 40 Provisions 41 Pensions and other post-retirement beneﬁts 42 Called up share capital 43 Capital and reserves 44 Share-based payments 45 Employee costs and numbers 46 Remuneration of directors and key management 47 Contingent liabilities 48 Capital commitments 49 First-time adoption of International Financial Reporting Standards 50 Subsidiaries, jointly controlled entities and associates 51 Oil and natural gas exploration and production activities Additional information for US reporting 52 Suspended exploration well costs 53 US GAAP reconciliation 54 Auditors’ remuneration for US reporting 55 Summarized ﬁnancial information on jointly controlled entities and associates 56 Valuation and qualifying accounts 57 Computation of ratio of earnings to ﬁxed charges Supplementary information on oil and natural gas Parent company ﬁnancial statements of BP p.l.c. Statement of directors’ responsibilities in respect of the parent company ﬁnancial statements Independent auditor’s report Company balance sheet Company cash ﬂow statement Statement of total recognized gains and losses Notes on ﬁnancial statements 1 Accounting policies 2 Taxation 3 Fixed assets – investments 4 Debtors 5 Creditors 6 Pensions 7 Called up share capital 8 Capital and reserves 9 Cash ﬂow 10 Contingent liabilities 11 Share-based payments 12 Auditors’ remuneration 13 Directors’ remuneration 151 152 152 158 160 163 166 167 168 168 168 171 173 176 179 194 195 195 195 196 205 206 207 208 208 209 210 211 211 211 212 214 215 215 216 216 220 220 BP Annual Report and Accounts 2006 93 Statement of directors’ responsibilities in respect of the consolidated ﬁnancial statements The directors are responsible for preparing the Annual Report and the consolidated ﬁnancial statements in accordance with applicable UK law and those International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) adopted by the EU. The directors are required to prepare ﬁnancial statements for each ﬁnancial year which present fairly the ﬁnancial position of the group and the ﬁnancial performance and cash ﬂows of the group for that period. In preparing those ﬁnancial statements, the directors are required to: – Select suitable accounting policies and then apply them consistently. – Present information, including accounting policies, in a manner that provides relevant, reliable, comparable and understandable information. – Provide additional disclosure when compliance with the speciﬁc requirements of IFRS is insufﬁcient to enable users to understand the impact of particular transactions, other events and conditions on the group’s ﬁnancial position and ﬁnancial performance. – State that the company has complied with IFRS, subject to any material departures disclosed and explained in the ﬁnancial statements. The directors are responsible for keeping proper accounting records which disclose with reasonable accuracy at any time the ﬁnancial position of the group and enable them to ensure that the ﬁnancial statements comply with the Companies Act 1985 and Article 4 of the IAS Regulation. They are also responsible for safeguarding the assets of the group and hence for taking reasonable steps for the prevention and detection of fraud and other irregularities. The directors conﬁrm that they have complied with these requirements and, having a reasonable expectation that the group has adequate resources to continue in operational existence for the foreseeable future, continue to adopt the going concern basis in preparing the ﬁnancial statements. Having made the requisite enquiries, so far as the directors are aware, there is no relevant audit information (as deﬁned by Section 234ZA of the Companies Act 1985) of which the group’s auditors are unaware, and the directors have taken all the steps they ought to have taken to make themselves aware of any relevant audit information and to establish that the group’s auditors are aware of that information. 94 Independent auditor’s report to the members of BP p.l.c. We have audited the consolidated ﬁnancial statements of BP p.l.c. for the year ended 31 December 2006 which comprise the group income statement, the group balance sheet, the group cash ﬂow statement, the group statement of recognized income and expense and the related notes 1 to 51. These consolidated ﬁnancial statements have been prepared under the accounting policies set out therein. We have reported separately on the parent company ﬁnancial statements of BP p.l.c. for the year ended 31 December 2006 and on the information in the Directors’ Remuneration Report that is described as having been audited. This report is made solely to the company’s members, as a body, in accordance with Section 235 of the Companies Act 1985. Our audit work has been undertaken so that we might state to the company’s members those matters we are required to state to them in an auditors’ report and for no other purpose. To the fullest extent permitted by law, we do not accept or assume responsibility to anyone other than the company and the company’s members as a body, for our audit work, for this report, or for the opinions we have formed. Respective responsibilities of directors and auditors The directors are responsible for preparing the Annual Report and the consolidated ﬁnancial statements in accordance with applicable United Kingdom law and International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) as adopted by the European Union as set out in the Statement of directors’ responsibilities in respect of the consolidated ﬁnancial statements. Our responsibility is to audit the consolidated ﬁnancial statements in accordance with relevant legal and regulatory requirements and International Standards on Auditing (UK and Ireland). We report to you our opinion as to whether the consolidated ﬁnancial statements give a true and fair view and whether the consolidated ﬁnancial statements have been properly prepared in accordance with the Companies Act 1985 and Article 4 of the IAS Regulation. We also report to you whether in our opinion the information given in the directors’ report, including the business review, is consistent with the ﬁnancial statements. In addition we report to you if, in our opinion, we have not received all the information and explanations we require for our audit, or if information speciﬁed by law regarding directors’ remuneration and other transactions is not disclosed. We review whether the governance board performance report reﬂects the company’s compliance with the nine provisions of the 2006 Combined Code Principles of Good Governance and Code of Best Practice speciﬁed for our review by the Listing Rules of the Financial Services Authority, and we report if it does not. We are not required to consider whether the board’s statements on internal control cover all risks and controls, or form an opinion on the effectiveness of the group’s corporate governance procedures or its risk and control procedures. We read other information contained in the Annual Report and consider whether it is consistent with the audited consolidated ﬁnancial statements. The other information comprises the Additional information for US reporting, the Supplementary information on oil and natural gas, the Directors’ Report and the Governance: Board performance report. We consider the implications for our report if we become aware of any apparent misstatements or material inconsistencies with the consolidated ﬁnancial statements. Our responsibilities do not extend to any other information. Basis of audit opinion We conducted our audit in accordance with International Standards on Auditing (UK and Ireland) issued by the Auditing Practices Board. An audit includes examination, on a test basis, of evidence relevant to the amounts and disclosures in the consolidated ﬁnancial statements. It also includes an assessment of the signiﬁcant estimates and judgements made by the directors in the preparation of the consolidated ﬁnancial statements, and of whether the accounting policies are appropriate to the group’s circumstances, consistently applied and adequately disclosed. We planned and performed our audit so as to obtain all the information and explanations which we considered necessary in order to provide us with sufﬁcient evidence to give reasonable assurance that the consolidated ﬁnancial statements are free from material misstatement, whether caused by fraud or other irregularity or error. In forming our opinion we also evaluated the overall adequacy of the presentation of information in the consolidated ﬁnancial statements. Opinion In our opinion: – The consolidated ﬁnancial statements give a true and fair view, in accordance with IFRS as adopted by the European Union, of the state of the group’s affairs as at 31 December 2006 and of its proﬁt for the year then ended. – The group ﬁnancial statements have been properly prepared in accordance with the Companies Act 1985 and Article 4 of the IAS Regulation. – The information given in the directors’ report is consistent with the consolidated ﬁnancial statements. Separate opinion in relation to IFRS As explained in Note 1 to the consolidated ﬁnancial statements, the group, in addition to complying with its legal obligation to comply with IFRS as adopted by the European Union, has also complied with IFRS as issued by the International Accounting Standards Board. In our opinion the consolidated ﬁnancial statements give a true and fair view, in accordance with IFRS, of the state of the group’s affairs as at 31 December 2006 and of its proﬁt for the year then ended. Ernst & Young LLP Registered auditor London 23 February 2007 The maintenance and integrity of the BP p.l.c. website are the responsibility of the directors; the work carried out by the auditors does not involve consideration of these matters and, accordingly, the auditors accept no responsibility for any changes that may have occured to the ﬁnancial statements since they were initially presented on the website or any other website they are presented on. Legislation in the United Kingdom governing the preparation and dissemination of ﬁnancial statements may differ from legislation in other jurisdictions. BP Annual Report and Accounts 2006 95 ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- Note 2006 2005 2004 ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- 7 8 8 9 10 11 12 13 19 15 36 21 22 23 5 265,906 3,553 442 701 270,602 3,714 274,316 187,183 23,793 3,621 9,128 549 1,045 14,447 (608) 35,158 718 (202) 34,642 12,331 22,311 (25) 22,286 22,000 286 239,792 3,083 460 613 243,948 1,538 245,486 163,026 21,092 3,010 8,771 468 684 13,706 2,047 32,682 616 145 31,921 9,473 22,448 184 22,632 22,341 291 22,632 $ million 192,024 1,818 462 615 194,919 1,685 196,604 128,055 17,330 2,149 8,529 1,390 637 12,768 – 25,746 440 340 24,966 7,082 17,884 (622) 17,262 17,075 187 17,262 25 25 109.84 109.00 105.74 104.52 78.24 76.87 Group income statement For the year ended 31 December Sales and other operating revenues Earnings from jointly controlled entities – after interest and tax Earnings from associates – after interest and tax Interest and other revenues Total revenues Gains on sale of businesses and ﬁxed assets Total revenues and other income Purchases Production and manufacturing expenses Production and similar taxes Depreciation, depletion and amortization Impairment and losses on sale of businesses and ﬁxed assets Exploration expense Distribution and administration expenses Fair value (gain) loss on embedded derivatives Proﬁt before interest and taxation from continuing operations Finance costs Other ﬁnance (income) expense Proﬁt before taxation from continuing operations Taxation Proﬁt from continuing operations Proﬁt (loss) from Innovene operations Proﬁt for the year Attributable to ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- BP shareholders Minority interest Basic Diluted ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- Earnings per share – cents Proﬁt for the year attributable to BP shareholders 22,286 ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- Proﬁt from continuing operations attributable to BP shareholders Basic Diluted 109.97 109.12 104.87 103.66 81.09 79.66 96 ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- Note 2006 ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- Current assets 142,262 ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- Group balance sheet At 31 December Non-current assets Property, plant and equipment Goodwill Intangible assets Investments in jointly controlled entities Investments in associates Other investments Fixed assets Loans Other receivables Derivative ﬁnancial instruments Prepayments and accrued income Deﬁned beneﬁt pension plan surplus Loans Inventories Trade and other receivables Derivative ﬁnancial instruments Prepayments and accrued income Current tax receivable Cash and cash equivalents Assets classiﬁed as held for sale Total assets Current liabilities Trade and other payables Derivative ﬁnancial instruments Accruals and deferred income Finance debt Current tax payable Provisions ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- Liabilities directly associated with the assets classiﬁed as held for sale ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- Non-current liabilities Other payables Derivative ﬁnancial instruments Accruals and deferred income Finance debt Deferred tax liabilities Provisions Deﬁned beneﬁt pension plan and other post-retirement beneﬁt plan deﬁcits Total liabilities Net assets Equity Share capital Reserves BP shareholders’ equity Minority interest Total equity ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- Peter Sutherland Chairman The Lord Browne of Madingley Group Chief Executive BP Annual Report and Accounts 2006 97 $ million 2005 85,947 10,371 4,772 13,556 6,217 967 121,830 821 770 3,909 1,012 3,282 131,624 132 19,760 40,902 10,056 1,268 212 2,960 75,290 – 75,290 206,914 42,136 10,036 5,017 8,932 4,274 1,102 71,497 – 71,497 1,935 5,871 989 10,230 16,443 9,954 9,230 54,652 126,149 80,765 5,185 74,791 79,976 789 80,765 26 27 28 29 30 31 33 36 41 32 33 36 34 5 35 36 38 40 5 35 36 38 23 40 41 42 43 43 43 90,999 10,780 5,246 15,074 5,975 1,697 129,771 817 862 3,025 1,034 6,753 141 18,915 38,692 10,373 3,006 544 2,590 74,261 1,078 75,339 217,601 42,236 9,424 6,147 12,924 2,635 1,932 75,298 54 75,352 1,430 4,203 961 11,086 18,116 11,712 9,276 56,784 132,136 85,465 5,385 79,239 84,624 841 85,465 Group cash ﬂow statement For the year ended 31 December Operating activities ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- Note 2006 2005 2004 Proﬁt before taxation from continuing operations Adjustments to reconcile proﬁt before taxation to net cash provided by operating activities 34,642 31,921 24,966 Exploration expenditure written off Depreciation, depletion and amortization Impairment and (gain) loss on sale of businesses and ﬁxed assets Earnings from jointly controlled entities and associates Dividends received from jointly controlled entities and associates Interest receivable Interest received Finance costs Interest paid Other ﬁnance (income) expense Share-based payments Net operating charge for pensions and other post-retirement beneﬁts, less contributions Net charge for provisions, less payments (Increase) decrease in inventories (Increase) decrease in other current and non-current assets Increase (decrease) in other current and non-current liabilities Income taxes paid ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- Net cash provided by operating activities of continuing operations Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities of Innovene operations Net cash provided by operating activities Investing activities ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- Capital expenditures Acquisitions, net of cash acquired Investment in jointly controlled entities Investment in associates Proceeds from disposal of ﬁxed assets Proceeds from disposal of businesses Proceeds from loan repayments Other Net cash used in investing activities Financing activities ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- Net repurchase of shares Proceeds from long-term ﬁnancing Repayments of long-term ﬁnancing Net increase (decrease) in short-term debt Dividends paid (15,151) 3,831 (3,655) 3,873 (11,315) 2,475 (4,820) (1,457) (7,208) 2,675 (2,204) (24) BP shareholders Minority interest ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- Net cash used in ﬁnancing activities Currency translation differences relating to cash and cash equivalents Increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of year Cash and cash equivalents at end of year ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- (7,686) (283) (19,071) 47 (370) 2,960 2,590 (7,359) (827) (23,303) (88) 1,601 1,359 2,960 (6,041) (33) (12,835) 91 (697) 2,056 1,359 $ million 274 8,529 (295) (2,280) 2,199 (284) 331 440 (698) 340 224 (84) (110) (3,182) (10,225) 10,290 (6,388) 24,047 (669) 23,378 (12,286) (1,503) (1,648) (942) 4,236 725 87 – (11,331) 624 9,128 (3,165) (3,995) 4,495 (473) 500 718 (1,242) (202) 416 (261) 340 995 3,596 (4,211) (13,733) 28,172 – 28,172 (15,125) (229) (37) (570) 5,963 291 189 – (9,518) 305 8,771 (1,070) (3,543) 2,833 (479) 401 616 (1,127) 145 278 (435) 600 (6,638) (16,427) 18,628 (9,028) 25,751 970 26,721 (12,281) (60) (185) (619) 2,803 8,397 123 93 (1,729) 19 12 10, 13 8 21 22 5 6 6 24 98 Group statement of recognized income and expense For the year ended 31 December ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- Note 2006 2005 2004 $ million ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- Currency translation differences Exchange gain on translation of foreign operations transferred to gain or loss on sale of businesses and ﬁxed assets Actuarial gain relating to pensions and other post-retirement beneﬁts Available-for-sale investments marked to market Available-for-sale investments – recycled to the income statement Cash ﬂow hedges marked to market Cash ﬂow hedges – recycled to the income statement Cash ﬂow hedges – recycled to the balance sheet Unrealized gain on acquisition of further investment in equity-accounted investments Tax on currency translation differences Tax on exchange gain on translation of foreign operations transferred to gain or loss on sale of businesses and ﬁxed assets Tax on actuarial gain relating to pensions and other post-retirement beneﬁts Tax on available-for-sale investments Tax on cash ﬂow hedges Tax on share-based payments Net income (expense) recognized directly in equity Proﬁt for the year Total recognized income and expense for the year Attributable to ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- BP shareholders Minority interest BP shareholders Minority interest ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- Effect of change in accounting policy – adoption of IAS 32 and IAS 39 on 1 January 2005 26,172 ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- 2,025 (2,502) 2,283 – 2,615 561 (695) 413 (93) (6) – (201) (315) 975 322 (60) (212) 36 – – 11 (78) 107 – – – – – 94 (208) – (820) 108 (47) 26 3,886 22,286 26,172 25,837 335 95 (356) (72) 63 – (2,015) 22,632 20,617 20,326 291 20,617 (243) – (243) – 96 – – 39 2,333 17,262 19,595 19,408 187 19,595 – – – – – 49 – BP Annual Report and Accounts 2006 99 Notes on ﬁnancial statements 1 Signiﬁcant accounting policies Authorization of ﬁnancial statements and statement of compliance with International Financial Reporting Standards The consolidated ﬁnancial statements of the BP group for the year ended 31 December 2006 were authorized for issue by the board of directors on 23 February 2007 and the balance sheet was signed on the board’s behalf by Peter Sutherland and The Lord Browne of Madingley. BP p.l.c. is a public limited company incorporated and domiciled in England and Wales. The company’s ordinary shares are traded on the London Stock Exchange. The consolidated ﬁnancial statements have been prepared in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) as adopted by the European Union (EU) and in accordance with the provisions of the Companies Act 1985. IFRS as adopted by the EU differs in certain respects from IFRS as issued by the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB). However, the consolidated ﬁnancial statements for the years presented would be no different had the group applied IFRS as issued by the IASB. The signiﬁcant accounting policies of the group are set out below. Basis of preparation The consolidated ﬁnancial statements have been prepared in accordance with IFRS and International Financial Reporting Interpretations Committee (IFRIC) interpretations issued and effective for the year ended 31 December 2006, or issued and early adopted. In preparing the consolidated ﬁnancial statements for the current year, the group has adopted the following amendments to IFRS and IFRIC interpretations: – Amendment to IAS 21 ‘The Effects of Changes in Foreign Exchange Rates’ – ‘Net Investment in a Foreign Operation’. – Amendment to IAS 39 ‘Financial Instruments: Recognition and Measurement’ – ‘The Fair Value Option’. – Amendments to IAS 39 ‘Financial Instruments: Recognition and Measurement’ and IFRS 4 ‘Insurance Contracts’ – ‘Financial Guarantee Contracts’. – IFRIC 5 ‘Rights to Interests Arising from Decommissioning, Restoration and Environmental Rehabilitation Funds’. – IFRIC 6 ‘Liabilities Arising from Participating in a Speciﬁc Market – Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment’. – IFRIC 7 ‘Applying IAS 29 for the First Time’. – IFRIC 8 ‘Scope of IFRS 2 – Share-based payment’. – IFRIC 9 ‘Reassessment of embedded derivatives’. Further information regarding the impact of adoption is given below. The accounting policies that follow have been consistently applied to all years presented with the exception of those relating to ﬁnancial instruments under IAS 32 ‘Financial Instruments: Disclosure and Presentation’ (IAS 32) and IAS 39 ‘Financial Instruments: Recognition and Measurement’ (IAS 39) which have been applied with effect from 1 January 2005. For the year ended 31 December 2004 ﬁnancial instruments have been accounted for in accordance with the group’s previous accounting policies under UK generally accepted accounting practice (UK GAAP). For further information see Note 49. The consolidated ﬁnancial statements are presented in US dollars and all values are rounded to the nearest million dollars ($ million), except where otherwise indicated. Basis of consolidation The group ﬁnancial statements consolidate the ﬁnancial statements of BP p.l.c. and the entities it controls (its subsidiaries) drawn up to 31 December each year. Control comprises the power to govern the ﬁnancial and operating policies of the investee so as to obtain beneﬁt from its activities and is achieved through direct and indirect ownership of voting rights; currently exercisable or convertible potential voting rights; or by way of contractual agreement. Subsidiaries are consolidated from the date of their acquisition, being the date on which the group obtains control, and continue to be consolidated until the date that such control ceases. The ﬁnancial statements of subsidiaries are prepared for the same reporting year as the parent company, using consistent accounting policies. All intercompany balances and transactions, including unrealized proﬁts arising from intragroup transactions, have been eliminated in full. Unrealized losses are eliminated unless the transaction provides evidence of an impairment of the asset transferred. Minority interests represent the portion of proﬁt or loss and net assets in subsidiaries that is not held by the group and is presented separately within equity in the consolidated balance sheet. Interests in joint ventures A joint venture is a contractual arrangement whereby two or more parties (venturers) undertake an economic activity that is subject to joint control. Joint control exists only when the strategic ﬁnancial and operating decisions relating to the activity require the unanimous consent of the venturers. A jointly controlled entity is a joint venture that involves the establishment of a company, partnership or other entity to engage in economic activity that the group jointly controls with its fellow venturers. The results, assets and liabilities of a jointly controlled entity are incorporated in these ﬁnancial statements using the equity method of accounting. Under the equity method, the investment in a jointly controlled entity is carried in the balance sheet at cost, plus post-acquisition changes in the group’s share of net assets of the jointly controlled entity, less distributions received and less any impairment in value of the investment. The group income statement reﬂects the group’s share of the results after tax of the jointly controlled entity. The group statement of recognized income and expense reﬂects the group’s share of any income and expense recognized by the jointly controlled entity outside proﬁt and loss. Financial statements of jointly controlled entities are prepared for the same reporting year as the group. Where necessary, adjustments are made to those ﬁnancial statements to bring the accounting policies used into line with those of the group. Unrealized gains on transactions between the group and its jointly controlled entities are eliminated to the extent of the group’s interest in the jointly controlled entities. Unrealized losses are also eliminated unless the transaction provides evidence of an impairment of the asset transferred. The group assesses at each balance sheet date whether an investment in a jointly controlled entity is impaired. If there is objective evidence that an impairment loss has been incurred, the carrying amount of the investment is compared with its recoverable amount, being the higher of its fair value less costs to sell and value in use. Where the carrying amount exceeds the recoverable amount, the investment is written down to its recoverable amount. The group ceases to use the equity method of accounting on the date from which it no longer has joint control over, or signiﬁcant inﬂuence in the joint venture, or when the interest becomes held for sale. Certain of the group’s activities, particularly in the Exploration and Production segment, are conducted through joint ventures where the venturers have a direct ownership interest in and jointly control the assets of the venture. The income, expenses, assets and liabilities of these jointly controlled assets are included in the consolidated ﬁnancial statements in proportion to the group’s interest. 100 1 Signiﬁcant accounting policies continued Interests in associates An associate is an entity over which the group is in a position to exercise signiﬁcant inﬂuence through participation in the ﬁnancial and operating policy decisions of the investee, but which is not a subsidiary or a jointly controlled entity. The results, assets and liabilities of an associate are incorporated in these ﬁnancial statements using the equity method of accounting as described above for jointly controlled entities. Foreign currency translation Functional currency is the currency of the primary economic environment in which a company operates and is normally the currency in which the company primarily generates and expends cash. In individual companies, transactions in foreign currencies are initially recorded in the functional currency by applying the rate of exchange ruling at the date of the transaction. Monetary assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies are translated into the functional currency at the rate of exchange ruling at the balance sheet date. Any resulting exchange differences are included in the income statement. Non-monetary assets and liabilities that are measured in terms of historical cost in a foreign currency are translated into the functional currency using the rates of exchange as at the dates of the initial transactions. Non-monetary assets and liabilities measured at fair value in a foreign currency are translated into the functional currency using the rate of exchange at the date the fair value was determined. In the consolidated ﬁnancial statements, the assets and liabilities of non-US dollar functional currency subsidiaries, jointly controlled entities and associates, including related goodwill, are translated into US dollars at the rate of exchange ruling at the balance sheet date. The results and cash ﬂows of non-US dollar functional currency subsidiaries, jointly controlled entities and associates are translated into US dollars using average rates of exchange. Exchange adjustments arising when the opening net assets and the proﬁts for the year retained by non-US dollar functional currency subsidiaries, jointly controlled entities and associates are translated into US dollars are taken to a separate component of equity and reported in the statement of recognized income and expense. Exchange gains and losses arising on long-term intragroup foreign currency borrowings used to ﬁnance the group’s non-US dollar investments are also taken to equity. On disposal of a non-US dollar functional currency subsidiary, jointly controlled entity or associate, the deferred cumulative amount recognized in equity relating to that particular non-US dollar operation is recognized in the income statement. Business combinations and goodwill Business combinations are accounted for using the acquisition method of accounting. The cost of an acquisition is measured as the cash paid and the fair value of other assets given, equity instruments issued and liabilities incurred or assumed at the date of exchange, plus costs directly attributable to the acquisition. The acquired identiﬁable assets, liabilities and contingent liabilities are measured at their fair values at the date of acquisition. Any excess of the cost of acquisition over the net fair value of the identiﬁable assets, liabilities and contingent liabilities acquired is recognized as goodwill. Any deﬁciency of the cost of acquisition below the fair values of the identiﬁable net assets acquired (i.e. discount on acquisition) is credited to the income statement in the period of acquisition. Where the group does not acquire 100% ownership of the acquired company, the interest of minority shareholders is stated at the minority’s proportion of the fair values of the assets and liabilities recognized. Subsequently, any losses applicable to the minority shareholders in excess of the minority interest are allocated against the interests of the parent. Following initial recognition, goodwill is measured at cost less any accumulated impairment losses. Goodwill is reviewed for impairment annually or more frequently if events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value may be impaired. At the acquisition date, any goodwill acquired is allocated to each of the cash-generating units expected to beneﬁt from the combination’s synergies. For this purpose, cash-generating units are set at one level below a business segment. Impairment is determined by assessing the recoverable amount of the cash-generating unit to which the goodwill relates. Where the recoverable amount of the cash-generating unit is less than the carrying amount, an impairment loss is recognized. Goodwill arising on business combinations prior to 1 January 2003 is stated at the previous UK GAAP carrying amount. Goodwill may also arise upon investments in jointly controlled entities and associates, being the surplus of the cost of investment over the group’s share of the net fair value of the identiﬁable assets. Such goodwill is recorded within investments in jointly controlled entities and associates, and any impairment of the goodwill is included within the earnings from jointly controlled entities and associates. Non-current assets held for sale Non-current assets and disposal groups classiﬁed as held for sale are measured at the lower of carrying amount and fair value less costs to sell. Non-current assets and disposal groups are classiﬁed as held for sale if their carrying amounts will be recovered through a sale transaction rather than through continuing use. This condition is regarded as met only when the sale is highly probable and the asset or disposal group is available for immediate sale in its present condition. Management must be committed to the sale, which should be expected to qualify for recognition as a completed sale within one year from the date of classiﬁcation. Property, plant and equipment and intangible assets once classiﬁed as held for sale are not depreciated. Intangible assets Intangible assets are stated at the amount initially recognized, less accumulated amortization and accumulated impairment losses. Intangible assets include expenditure on the exploration for and evaluation of oil and natural gas resources, computer software, patents, licences and trademarks. Intangible assets acquired separately from a business are carried initially at cost. The initial cost is the aggregate amount paid and the fair value of any other consideration given to acquire the asset. An intangible asset acquired as part of a business combination is recognized separately from goodwill if the asset is separable or arises from contractual or other legal rights and its fair value can be measured reliably. Intangible assets with a ﬁnite life are amortized on a straight-line basis over their expected useful lives. For patents, licences and trademarks, expected useful life is the shorter of the duration of the legal agreement and economic useful life, which can range from three to 15 years. Computer software costs have a useful life of three to ﬁve years. The expected useful lives of assets are reviewed on an annual basis and, if necessary, changes in useful lives are accounted for prospectively. The carrying value of intangible assets is reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate the carrying value may not be recoverable. Oil and natural gas exploration and development expenditure Oil and natural gas exploration and development expenditure is accounted for using the successful efforts method of accounting. BP Annual Report and Accounts 2006 101 1 Signiﬁcant accounting policies continued Licence and property acquisition costs Exploration and property leasehold acquisition costs are capitalized within intangible ﬁxed assets and amortized on a straight-line basis over the estimated period of exploration. Each property is reviewed on an annual basis to conﬁrm that drilling activity is planned and it is not impaired. If no future activity is planned, the remaining balance of the licence and property acquisition costs is written off. Upon determination of economically recoverable reserves (‘proved reserves’ or ‘commercial reserves’), amortization ceases and the remaining costs are aggregated with exploration expenditure and held on a ﬁeld-by-ﬁeld basis as proved properties awaiting approval within other intangible assets. When development is approved internally, the relevant expenditure is transferred to property, plant and equipment. Exploration expenditure Geological and geophysical exploration costs are charged against income as incurred. Costs directly associated with an exploration well are capitalized as an intangible asset until the drilling of the well is complete and the results have been evaluated. These costs include employee remuneration, materials and fuel used, rig costs, delay rentals and payments made to contractors. If hydrocarbons are not found, the exploration expenditure is written off as a dry hole. If hydrocarbons are found and, subject to further appraisal activity, which may include the drilling of further wells (exploration or exploratory-type stratigraphic test wells), are likely to be capable of commercial development, the costs continue to be carried as an asset. All such carried costs are subject to technical, commercial and management review at least once a year to conﬁrm the continued intent to develop or otherwise extract value from the discovery. When this is no longer the case, the costs are written off. When proved reserves of oil and natural gas are determined and development is sanctioned, the relevant expenditure is transferred to property, plant and equipment. Development expenditure Expenditure on the construction, installation or completion of infrastructure facilities such as platforms, pipelines and the drilling of development wells, including unsuccessful development or delineation wells, is capitalized within property, plant and equipment. Property, plant and equipment Property, plant and equipment is stated at cost, less accumulated depreciation and accumulated impairment losses. The initial cost of an asset comprises its purchase price or construction cost, any costs directly attributable to bringing the asset into operation, the initial estimate of any decommissioning obligation, if any, and, for qualifying assets, borrowing costs. The purchase price or construction cost is the aggregate amount paid and the fair value of any other consideration given to acquire the asset. The capitalized value of a ﬁnance lease is also included within property, plant and equipment. Exchanges of assets are measured at the fair value of the asset given up unless the exchange transaction lacks commercial substance or the fair value of neither the asset received nor the asset given up is reliably measurable. Expenditure on major maintenance reﬁts or repairs comprises the cost of replacement assets or parts of assets, inspection costs and overhaul costs. Where an asset or part of an asset that was separately depreciated and is now written off is replaced and it is probable that future economic beneﬁts associated with the item will ﬂow to the group, the expenditure is capitalized. Inspection costs associated with major maintenance programmes are capitalized and amortized over the period to the next inspection. Overhaul costs for major maintenance programmes are expensed as incurred. All other maintenance costs are expensed as incurred. Oil and natural gas properties, including related pipelines, are depreciated using a unit-of-production method. The cost of producing wells is amortized over proved developed reserves. Licence acquisition, decommissioning and ﬁeld development costs are amortized over total proved reserves. The unit- of-production rate for the amortization of ﬁeld development costs takes into account expenditures incurred to date, together with sanctioned future development expenditure. Other property, plant and equipment is depreciated on a straight-line basis over its expected useful life. The useful lives of the group’s other property, plant and equipment are as follows: ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Land improvements Buildings Reﬁneries Petrochemicals plants Pipelines Service stations Ofﬁce equipment Fixtures and ﬁttings 15 to 25 years 20 to 40 years 20 to 30 years 20 to 30 years 10 to 50 years 15 years 3 to 7 years 5 to 15 years The expected useful lives of property, plant and equipment are reviewed on an annual basis and, if necessary, changes in useful lives are accounted for prospectively. The carrying value of property, plant and equipment is reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate the carrying value may not be recoverable. An item of property, plant and equipment is derecognized upon disposal or when no future economic beneﬁts are expected to arise from the continued use of the asset. Any gain or loss arising on derecognition of the asset (calculated as the difference between the net disposal proceeds and the carrying amount of the item) is included in the income statement in the period the item is derecognized. Impairment of intangible assets and property, plant and equipment The group assesses assets or groups of assets for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value of an asset may not be recoverable. Individual assets are grouped for impairment assessment purposes at the lowest level at which there are identiﬁable cash ﬂows that are largely independent of the cash ﬂows of other groups of assets. If any such indication of impairment exists, the group makes an estimate of its recoverable amount. An asset group’s recoverable amount is the higher of its fair value less costs to sell and its value in use. Where the carrying amount of an asset group exceeds its recoverable amount, the asset group is considered impaired and is written down to its recoverable amount. In assessing value in use, the estimated future cash ﬂows are adjusted for the risks speciﬁc to the asset group and are discounted to their present value using a pre-tax discount rate that reﬂects current market assessments of the time value of money. 102 1 Signiﬁcant accounting policies continued An assessment is made at each reporting date as to whether there is any indication that previously recognized impairment losses may no longer exist or may have decreased. If such indication exists, the recoverable amount is estimated. A previously recognized impairment loss is reversed only if there has been a change in the estimates used to determine the asset’s recoverable amount since the last impairment loss was recognized. If that is the case, the carrying amount of the asset is increased to its recoverable amount. That increased amount cannot exceed the carrying amount that would have been determined, net of depreciation, had no impairment loss been recognized for the asset in prior years. Such reversal is recognized in proﬁt or loss. After such a reversal, the depreciation charge is adjusted in future periods to allocate the asset’s revised carrying amount, less any residual value, on a systematic basis over its remaining useful life. Financial assets Financial assets are classiﬁed as loans and receivables; available-for-sale ﬁnancial assets; ﬁnancial assets at fair value through proﬁt or loss; or as derivatives designated as hedging instruments in an effective hedge, as appropriate. Financial assets include cash and cash equivalents; trade receivables; other receivables; loans; other investments; and derivative ﬁnancial instruments. The group determines the classiﬁcation of its ﬁnancial assets at initial recognition. When ﬁnancial assets are recognized initially, they are measured at fair value, normally being the transaction price plus, in the case ﬁnancial assets not at fair value through proﬁt or loss, directly attributable transaction costs. As explained in Note 49, the group has not restated comparative amounts on ﬁrst applying IAS 32 and IAS 39, as permitted in IFRS 1 ‘First-time Adoption of International Financial Reporting Standards’. The subsequent measurement of ﬁnancial assets depends on their classiﬁcation, as follows: Loans and receivables Loans and receivables are non-derivative ﬁnancial assets with ﬁxed or determinable payments that are not quoted in an active market. Such assets are carried at amortized cost using the effective interest method if the time value of money is signiﬁcant. Gains and losses are recognized in income when the loans and receivables are derecognized or impaired, as well as through the amortization process. Available-for-sale ﬁnancial assets Available-for-sale ﬁnancial assets are those non-derivative ﬁnancial assets that are not classiﬁed as loans and receivables. After initial recognition, available-for-sale ﬁnancial assets are measured at fair value, with gains or losses being recognized as a separate component of equity until the investment is derecognized or until the investment is determined to be impaired, at which time the cumulative gain or loss previously reported in equity is included in the income statement. The fair value of quoted investments is determined by reference to bid prices at the close of business on the balance sheet date. Where there is no active market, fair value is determined using valuation techniques. These include using recent arm’s-length market transactions; reference to the current market value of another instrument which is substantially the same; discounted cash ﬂow analysis; and pricing models. Where fair value cannot be reliably estimated, assets are carried at cost. Financial assets at fair value through proﬁt or loss Derivatives, other than those designated as hedging instruments, are classiﬁed as held for trading and are included in this category. These assets are carried on the balance sheet at fair value with gains or losses recognized in the income statement. Derivatives designated as hedging instruments in an effective hedge Such derivatives are carried on the balance sheet at fair value, the treatment of gains and losses arising from revaluation are described below in the accounting policy for Derivative ﬁnancial instruments. Impairment of ﬁnancial assets The group assesses at each balance sheet date whether a ﬁnancial asset or group of ﬁnancial assets is impaired. Loans and receivables If there is objective evidence that an impairment loss on loans and receivables carried at amortized cost has been incurred, the amount of the loss is measured as the difference between the asset’s carrying amount and the present value of estimated future cash ﬂows discounted at the ﬁnancial asset’s original effective interest rate. The carrying amount of the asset is reduced, with the amount of the loss recognized in administration costs. Available-for-sale ﬁnancial assets If an available-for-sale ﬁnancial asset is impaired, an amount comprising the difference between its cost (net of any principal payment and amortization) and its fair value is transferred from equity to the income statement. If there is objective evidence that an impairment loss on an unquoted equity instrument that is not carried at fair value because its fair value cannot be reliably measured, or on a derivative asset that is linked to and must be settled by delivery of such an unquoted equity instrument, has been incurred, the amount of the loss is measured as the difference between the asset’s carrying amount and the present value of estimated future cash ﬂows discounted at the current market rate of return for a similar ﬁnancial asset. Financial assets are derecognized on sale or settlement. Inventories Inventories, other than inventory held for trading purposes, are stated at the lower of cost and net realizable value. Cost is determined by the ﬁrst-in ﬁrst-out method and comprises direct purchase costs, cost of production, transportation and manufacturing expenses. Inventories held for trading purposes are stated at fair value less costs to sell and any changes in net realizable value are recognized in the income statement. Supplies are valued at cost to the group mainly using the average method or net realizable value, whichever is the lower. Trade and other receivables Trade and other receivables are carried at the original invoice amount, less allowances made for doubtful receivables. Where the time value of money is material, receivables are carried at amortized cost. Provision is made when there is objective evidence that the group will be unable to recover balances in full. Balances are written off when the probability of recovery is assessed as being remote. BP Annual Report and Accounts 2006 103 1 Signiﬁcant accounting policies continued Cash and cash equivalents Cash and cash equivalents comprise cash in hand; current balances with banks and similar institutions; and short-term highly liquid investments that are readily convertible to known amounts of cash, are subject to insigniﬁcant risk of changes in value and have a maturity of three months or less from the date of acquisition. For the purpose of the group cash ﬂow statement, cash and cash equivalents consist of cash and cash equivalents as deﬁned above, net of outstanding bank overdrafts. Trade and other payables Trade and other payables are carried at payment or settlement amounts. Where the time value of money is material, payables are carried at amortized cost. Interest-bearing loans and borrowings All loans and borrowings are initially recognized at fair value, being the fair value of the proceeds received net of issue costs associated with the borrowing. After initial recognition, interest-bearing loans and borrowings are subsequently measured at amortized cost using the effective interest method. Amortized cost is calculated by taking into account any issue costs, and any discount or premium on settlement. Gains and losses arising on the repurchase, settlement or cancellation of liabilities are recognized respectively in interest and other revenues and other ﬁnance expense. Leases Finance leases, which transfer to the group substantially all the risks and beneﬁts incidental to ownership of the leased item, are capitalized at the inception of the lease at the fair value of the leased property or, if lower, at the present value of the minimum lease payments. Lease payments are apportioned between the ﬁnance charges and reduction of the lease liability so as to achieve a constant rate of interest on the remaining balance of the liability. Finance charges are charged directly against income. Capitalized leased assets are depreciated over the shorter of the estimated useful life of the asset or the lease term. Operating lease payments are recognized as an expense in the income statement on a straight-line basis over the lease term. Derivative ﬁnancial instruments The group uses derivative ﬁnancial instruments to manage certain exposures to ﬂuctuations in foreign currency exchange rates, interest rates and commodity prices as well as for trading purposes. From 1 January 2005, such derivative ﬁnancial instruments are initially recognized at fair value on the date on which a derivative contract is entered into and are subsequently remeasured at fair value. Derivatives are carried as assets when the fair value is positive and as liabilities when the fair value is negative. Contracts to buy or sell a non-ﬁnancial item that can be settled net in cash or another ﬁnancial instrument, or by exchanging ﬁnancial instruments, as if the contracts were ﬁnancial instruments, with the exception of contracts that were entered into and continue to be held for the purpose of the receipt or delivery of a non-ﬁnancial item in accordance with the group’s expected purchase, sale or usage requirements, are accounted for as ﬁnancial instruments. For those derivatives designated as hedges and for which hedge accounting is desired, the hedging relationship is documented at its inception. This documentation identiﬁes the hedging instrument, the hedged item or transaction, the nature of the risk being hedged and how effectiveness will be measured throughout its duration. Such hedges are expected at inception to be highly effective. For the purpose of hedge accounting, hedges are classiﬁed as: – Fair value hedges when hedging the exposure to changes in the fair value of a recognized asset or liability. – Cash ﬂow hedges when hedging exposure to variability in cash ﬂows that is either attributable to a particular risk associated with a recognized asset or liability or a highly probable forecast transaction, including intragroup transactions. – Hedges of the net investment in a foreign entity. Any gains or losses arising from changes in the fair value of all other derivatives, which are classiﬁed as held for trading, are taken to the income statement. These may arise from derivatives for which hedge accounting is not applied because they are either not designated or not effective as hedging instruments or from derivatives that are acquired for trading purposes. The treatment of gains and losses arising from revaluing derivatives designated as hedging instruments depends on the nature of the hedging relationship, as follows: Fair value hedges For fair value hedges, the carrying amount of the hedged item is adjusted for gains and losses attributable to the risk being hedged; the derivative is remeasured at fair value and gains and losses from both are taken to proﬁt or loss. For hedged items carried at amortized cost, the adjustment is amortized through the income statement such that it is fully amortized by maturity. When an unrecognized ﬁrm commitment is designated as a hedged item, this gives rise to an asset or liability in the balance sheet, representing the cumulative change in the fair value of the ﬁrm commitment attributable to the hedged risk. The group discontinues fair value hedge accounting if the hedging instrument expires or is sold, terminated or exercised, the hedge no longer meets the criteria for hedge accounting or the group revokes the designation. Cash ﬂow hedges For cash ﬂow hedges, the effective portion of the gain or loss on the hedging instrument is recognized directly in equity, while the ineffective portion is recognized in proﬁt or loss. Amounts taken to equity are transferred to the income statement when the hedged transaction affects proﬁt or loss. Where the hedged item is the cost of a non-ﬁnancial asset or liability, the amounts taken to equity are transferred to the initial carrying amount of the non- ﬁnancial asset or liability. If the hedging instrument expires or is sold, terminated or exercised without replacement or rollover, or if its designation as a hedge is revoked, amounts previously recognized in equity remain in equity until the forecast transaction occurs and are transferred to the income statement or to the initial carrying amount of a non-ﬁnancial asset or liability as above. If a forecast transaction is no longer expected to occur, amounts previously recognized in equity are transferred to proﬁt or loss. 104 1 Signiﬁcant accounting policies continued Hedges of the net investment in a foreign entity For hedges of the net investment in a foreign entity, the effective portion of the gain or loss on the hedging instrument is recognized directly in equity, while the ineffective portion is recognized in proﬁt or loss. Amounts taken to equity are transferred to the income statement when the foreign entity is sold. Embedded derivatives Derivatives embedded in other ﬁnancial instruments or other host contracts are treated as separate derivatives when their risks and characteristics are not closely related to those of the host contract. Contracts are assessed for embedded derivatives when the group becomes a party to them, including at the date of a business combination. Embedded derivatives are measured at fair value at each balance sheet date. Any gains or losses arising from changes in fair value are taken directly to proﬁt or loss. Provisions and contingencies Provisions are recognized when the group has a present obligation (legal or constructive) as a result of a past event, it is probable that an outﬂow of resources embodying economic beneﬁts will be required to settle the obligation and a reliable estimate can be made of the amount of the obligation. Where the group expects some or all of a provision to be reimbursed, for example, under an insurance contract, the reimbursement is recognized as a separate asset, but only when the reimbursement is virtually certain. The expense relating to any provision is presented in the income statement net of any reimbursement. If the effect of the time value of money is material, provisions are determined by discounting the expected future cash ﬂows at a pre-tax rate that reﬂects current market assessments of the time value of money and, where appropriate, the risks speciﬁc to the liability. Where discounting is used, the increase in the provision due to the passage of time is recognized as other ﬁnance expense. Any change in the amount recognized for environmental and litigation and other provisions arising through changes in discount rates is included within other ﬁnance expense. A contingent liability is disclosed where the existence of an obligation will only be conﬁrmed by future events or where the amount of the obligation cannot be measured with reasonable reliability. Contingent assets are not recognized, but are disclosed where an inﬂow of economic beneﬁts is probable. Environmental expenditures and liabilities Environmental expenditures that relate to current or future revenues are expensed or capitalized as appropriate. Expenditures that relate to an existing condition caused by past operations and do not contribute to current or future earnings are expensed. Liabilities for environmental costs are recognized when environmental assessments or clean-ups are probable and the associated costs can be reasonably estimated. Generally, the timing of these provisions coincides with the commitment to a formal plan of action or, if earlier, on divestment or on closure of inactive sites. The amount recognized is the best estimate of the expenditure required. Where the liability will not be settled for a number of years, the amount recognized is the present value of the estimated future expenditure. Decommissioning Liabilities for decommissioning costs are recognized when the group has an obligation to dismantle and remove a facility or an item of plant and to restore the site on which it is located, and when a reasonable estimate of that liability can be made. Where an obligation exists for a new facility, such as oil and natural gas production or transportation facilities, this will be on construction or installation. An obligation for decommissioning may also crystallize during the period of operation of a facility through a change in legislation or through a decision to terminate operations. The amount recognized is the present value of the estimated future expenditure determined in accordance with local conditions and requirements. A corresponding item of property, plant and equipment of an amount equivalent to the provision is also created. This is subsequently depreciated as part of the capital costs of the facility or item of plant. Any change in the present value of the estimated expenditure is reﬂected as an adjustment to the provision and the corresponding property, plant and equipment. Employee beneﬁts Wages, salaries, bonuses, social security contributions, paid annual leave and sick leave are accrued in the period in which the associated services are rendered by employees of the group. Deferred bonus arrangements that have a vesting date more than 12 months after the period end are valued on an actuarial basis using the projected unit credit method and amortized on a straight-line basis over the service period until the award vests. The accounting policy for pensions and other post-retirement beneﬁts is described below. Share-based payments Equity-settled transactions The cost of equity-settled transactions with employees is measured by reference to the fair value at the date at which they are granted and is recognized as an expense over the vesting period, which ends on the date on which the relevant employees become fully entitled to the award. Fair value is determined by using an appropriate valuation model. In valuing equity-settled transactions, no account is taken of any vesting conditions, other than conditions linked to the price of the shares of the company (market conditions). No expense is recognized for awards that do not ultimately vest, except for awards where vesting is conditional upon a market condition, which are treated as vesting irrespective of whether or not the market condition is satisﬁed, provided that all other performance conditions are satisﬁed. At each balance sheet date before vesting, the cumulative expense is calculated, representing the extent to which the vesting period has expired and management’s best estimate of the achievement or otherwise of non-market conditions and the number of equity instruments that will ultimately vest or, in the case of an instrument subject to a market condition, be treated as vesting as described above. The movement in cumulative expense since the previous balance sheet date is recognized in the income statement, with a corresponding entry in equity. Where the terms of an equity-settled award are modiﬁed or a new award is designated as replacing a cancelled or settled award, the cost based on the original award terms continues to be recognized over the original vesting period. In addition, an expense is recognized over the remainder of the new vesting period for the incremental fair value of any modiﬁcation, based on the difference between the fair value of the original award and the fair value of the modiﬁed award, both as measured on the date of the modiﬁcation. No reduction is recognized if this difference is negative. Where an equity-settled award is cancelled, it is treated as if it had vested on the date of cancellation and any cost not yet recognized in the income statement for the award is expensed immediately. Any compensation paid up to the fair value of the award at the cancellation or settlement date is deducted from equity, with any excess over fair value being treated as an expense in the income statement. BP Annual Report and Accounts 2006 105 1 Signiﬁcant accounting policies continued Cash-settled transactions The cost of cash-settled transactions is measured at fair value using an appropriate option valuation model. Fair value is established initially at the grant date and at each balance sheet date thereafter until the awards are settled. During the vesting period, a liability is recognized representing the product of the fair value of the award and the portion of the vesting period expired as at the balance sheet date. From the end of the vesting period until settlement, the liability represents the full fair value of the award as at the balance sheet date. Changes in the carrying amount for the liability are recognized in proﬁt or loss for the period. Pensions and other post-retirement beneﬁts The cost of providing beneﬁts under the deﬁned beneﬁt plans is determined separately for each plan using the projected unit credit method, which attributes entitlement to beneﬁts to the current period (to determine current service cost) and to the current and prior periods (to determine the present value of deﬁned beneﬁt obligation) and is based on actuarial advice. Past service costs are recognized immediately when the company becomes committed to a change in pension plan design. When a settlement (eliminating all obligations for beneﬁts already accrued) or a curtailment (reducing future obligations as a result of a material reduction in the scheme membership or a reduction in future entitlement) occurs, the obligation and related plan assets are remeasured using current actuarial assumptions and the resultant gain or loss is recognized in the income statement during the period in which the settlement or curtailment occurs. The interest element of the deﬁned beneﬁt cost represents the change in present value of scheme obligations resulting from the passage of time, and is determined by applying the discount rate to the opening present value of the beneﬁt obligation, taking into account material changes in the obligation during the year. The expected return on plan assets is based on an assessment made at the beginning of the year of long-term market returns on scheme assets, adjusted for the effect on the fair value of plan assets of contributions received and beneﬁts paid during the year. The difference between the expected return on plan assets and the interest cost is recognized in the income statement as other ﬁnance income or expense. Actuarial gains and losses are recognized in full in the group statement of recognized income and expense in the period in which they occur. The deﬁned beneﬁt pension asset or liability in the balance sheet comprises the total for each plan of the present value of the deﬁned beneﬁt obligation (using a discount rate based on high quality corporate bonds), less the fair value of plan assets out of which the obligations are to be settled directly. Fair value is based on market price information and, in the case of quoted securities, is the published bid price. Contributions to deﬁned contribution schemes are recognized in the income statement in the period in which they become payable. Corporate taxes Income tax expense represents the sum of the tax currently payable and deferred tax. The tax currently payable is based on the taxable proﬁts for the period. Taxable proﬁt differs from net proﬁt as reported in the income statement because it excludes items of income or expense that are taxable or deductible in other periods and it further excludes items that are never taxable or deductible. The group’s liability for current tax is calculated using tax rates that have been enacted or substantively enacted by the balance sheet date. Deferred tax is provided, using the liability method, on all temporary differences at the balance sheet date between the tax bases of assets and liabilities and their carrying amounts for ﬁnancial reporting purposes. Deferred tax liabilities are recognized for all taxable temporary differences: – Except where the deferred tax liability arises on goodwill that is not tax deductible or the initial recognition of an asset or liability in a transaction that is not a business combination and, at the time of the transaction, affects neither the accounting proﬁt nor taxable proﬁt or loss. – In respect of taxable temporary differences associated with investments in subsidiaries, jointly controlled entities and associates, except where the timing of the reversal of the temporary differences can be controlled by the group and it is probable that the temporary differences will not reverse in the foreseeable future. Deferred tax assets are recognized for all deductible temporary differences, carry-forward of unused tax assets and unused tax losses, to the extent that it is probable that taxable proﬁt will be available against which the deductible temporary differences and the carry-forward of unused tax assets and unused tax losses can be utilized: – Except where the deferred income tax asset relating to the deductible temporary difference arises from the initial recognition of an asset or liability in transaction that is not a business combination and, at the time of the transaction, affects neither the accounting proﬁt nor taxable proﬁt or loss. – In respect of deductible temporary differences associated with investments in subsidiaries, jointly controlled entities and associates, deferred tax assets are only recognized to the extent that it is probable that the temporary differences will reverse in the foreseeable future and taxable proﬁt will be available against which the temporary differences can be utilized. The carrying amount of deferred income tax assets is reviewed at each balance sheet date and reduced to the extent that it is no longer probable that sufﬁcient taxable proﬁt will be available to allow all or part of the deferred income tax asset to be utilized. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured at the tax rates that are expected to apply to the year when the asset is realized or the liability is settled, based on tax rates (and tax laws) that have been enacted or substantively enacted at the balance sheet date. Tax relating to items recognized directly in equity is recognized in equity and not in the income statement. Customs duties and sales taxes Revenues, expenses and assets are recognized net of the amount of customs duties or sales tax except: – Where the customs duty or sales tax incurred on a purchase of goods and services is not recoverable from the taxation authority, in which case the customs duty or sales tax is recognized as part of the cost of acquisition of the asset or as part of the expense item as applicable. – Receivables and payables are stated with the amount of customs duty or sales tax included. The net amount of sales tax recoverable from, or payable to, the taxation authority is included as part of receivables or payables in the balance sheet. Own equity instruments The group’s holding in its own equity instruments, including ordinary shares held by Employee Share Ownership Plans (ESOPs), are classiﬁed as ‘treasury shares’, and shown as deductions from shareholders’ equity at cost. Consideration received for the sale of such shares is also recognized in equity, with any difference between the proceeds from sale and the original cost being taken to revenue reserves. No gain or loss is recognized in the performance statements on the purchase, sale, issue or cancellation of equity shares. Revenue Revenue arising from the sale of goods is recognized when the signiﬁcant risks and rewards of ownership have passed to the buyer and it can be reliably measured. 106 1 Signiﬁcant accounting policies continued Revenue is measured at the fair value of the consideration received or receivable and represents amounts receivable for goods provided in the normal course of business, net of discounts, customs duties and sales taxes. Revenues associated with the sale of oil, natural gas, natural gas liquids, liqueﬁed natural gas, petroleum and chemicals products and all other items are recognized when the title passes to the customer. Physical exchanges are reported net, as are sales and purchases made with a common counterparty, as part of an arrangement similar to a physical exchange. Similarly, where the group acts as agent on behalf of a third party to procure or market energy commodities, any associated fee income is recognized but no purchase or sale is recorded. Additionally, where forward sale and purchase contracts for oil, natural gas or power have been determined to be for trading purposes, the associated sales and purchases are reported net within sales and other operating revenues whether or not physical delivery has occurred. Generally, revenues from the production of oil and natural gas properties in which the group has an interest with joint venture partners are recognized on the basis of the group’s working interest in those properties (the entitlement method). Differences between the production sold and the group’s share of production are not signiﬁcant. Interest income is recognized as the interest accrues (using the effective interest rate method that is the rate that exactly discounts estimated future cash receipts through the expected life of the ﬁnancial instrument) to the net carrying amount of the ﬁnancial asset. Dividend income from investments is recognized when the shareholders’ right to receive the payment is established. Research Research costs are expensed as incurred. Finance costs Finance costs directly attributable to the acquisition, construction or production of qualifying assets, which are assets that necessarily take a substantial period of time to get ready for their intended use, are added to the cost of those assets, until such time as the assets are substantially ready for their intended use. All other ﬁnance costs are recognized in the income statement in the period in which they are incurred. Use of estimates The preparation of ﬁnancial statements requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities as well as the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the balance sheet date and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual outcomes could differ from those estimates. Impact of new International Financial Reporting Standards Adopted for 2006 The following amendments to IFRS and IFRIC interpretations have been adopted by the group with effect from 1 January 2006. Amendment to IAS 21 ‘The Effects of Changes in Foreign Exchange Rates’– ‘Net Investment in a Foreign Operation’ was issued in December 2005. The amendment clariﬁes the requirements of IAS 21 regarding an entity’s investment in foreign operations. This amendment was adopted by the EU in May 2006. There was no material impact on the group’s reported income or net assets as a result of adoption of this amendment. The IASB issued an amendment to the fair value option in IAS 39 in June 2005. The option to irrevocably designate, on initial recognition, any ﬁnancial instruments as ones to be measured at fair value with gains and losses recognized in proﬁt and loss has now been restricted to those ﬁnancial instruments meeting certain criteria. The criteria are where such designation eliminates or signiﬁcantly reduces an accounting mismatch, when a group of ﬁnancial assets, ﬁnancial liabilities or both are managed and their performance is evaluated on a fair value basis in accordance with a documented risk management or investment strategy, and when an instrument contains an embedded derivative that meets particular conditions. The group has not designated any ﬁnancial instruments as being at-fair-value-through-proﬁt-and-loss, thus there was no effect on the group’s reported income or net assets as a result of adoption of this amendment. In August 2005, the IASB issued amendments to IAS 39 and IFRS 4 ‘Insurance Contracts’ regarding ﬁnancial guarantee contracts. These amendments require the issuer of ﬁnancial guarantee contracts to account for them under IAS 39 as opposed to IFRS 4 unless an issuer has previously asserted explicitly that it regards such contracts as insurance contracts and has used accounting applicable to insurance contracts. In these instances the issuer may elect to apply either IAS 39 or IFRS 4. Under the amended IAS 39, a ﬁnancial guarantee contract is initially recognized at fair value and is subsequently measured at the higher of (a) the amount determined in accordance with IAS 37 ‘Provisions, Contingent Liabilities and Contingent Assets’ and (b) the amount initially recognized, less, when appropriate, cumulative amortization recognized in accordance with IAS 18 ‘Revenue’. This standard impacts guarantees given by group companies in respect of equity-accounted entities as well as in respect of other third parties; these are recorded in the group’s ﬁnancial statements at initial fair value less cumulative amortization. The effect on the group’s reported income and net assets as a result of adoption of this amendment was not material. In addition, in 2006 BP has adopted IFRIC 5 ‘Rights to Interests Arising from Decommissioning, Restoration and Environmental Rehabilitation Funds’ and IFRIC 6 ‘Liabilities Arising from Participating in a Speciﬁc Market – Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment’ and has decided to early adopt IFRIC 7 ‘Applying IAS 29 for the First Time’, IFRIC 8 ‘Scope of IFRS 2 – Share-based payment’ and IFRIC 9 ‘Reassessment of embedded derivatives’. There were no changes in accounting policy and no restatement of ﬁnancial information consequent upon adoption of these interpretations. Not yet adopted The following pronouncements from the IASB will become effective for future ﬁnancial reporting periods and have not yet been adopted by the group. In August 2005, the IASB issued IFRS 7 ‘Financial Instruments – Disclosures’ which is effective for annual periods beginning on or after 1 January 2007. Upon adoption, the group will disclose additional information about its ﬁnancial instruments, their signiﬁcance and the nature and extent of risks to which they give rise. More speciﬁcally, the group will be required to make speciﬁed minimum disclosures about credit risk, liquidity risk and market risk. There will be no effect on reported income or net assets. Also in August 2005, ‘IAS 1 Amendment – Presentation of Financial Statements: Capital Disclosures’ was issued by the IASB, which requires disclosures of an entity’s objectives, policies and processes for managing capital, quantitative data about what the entity regards as capital, whether the entity has complied with any capital requirements, and the consequences of any non-compliance. This is effective for annual periods beginning on or after 1 January 2007. There will be no effect on the group’s reported income or net assets. BP Annual Report and Accounts 2006 107 1 Signiﬁcant accounting policies continued IFRS 8 ‘Operating Segments’ was issued in October 2006 and deﬁnes operating segments as components of an entity about which separate ﬁnancial information is available and is evaluated regularly by the chief operating decision maker in deciding how to allocate resources and in assessing performance. The new standard sets out the required disclosures for operating segments and is effective for annual periods beginning on or after 1 January 2009. BP has not yet completed its evaluation of the impact on its disclosures of adopting IFRS 8. There will be no effect on the group’s reported income or net assets. IFRS 8 has not yet been adopted by the EU. Three further IFRIC interpretations, issued in late 2006, are not yet effective and have not yet been adopted by the EU. IFRIC 10 ‘Interim Financial Reporting and Impairment’ prohibits the reversal of an impairment loss relating to goodwill or certain ﬁnancial assets made in an earlier interim period in the same annual period. IFRIC 11 ‘IFRS 2 – Group and Treasury Share Transactions’ deals with share-based payment arrangements within a group and share-based payment arrangements satisﬁed by using treasury shares. The directors do not anticipate that the adoption of these interpretations will have a material effect on the reported income or net assets of the group. IFRIC 12 ‘Service Concession Arrangements’ gives guidance on the accounting by operators for public-to-private service concession arrangements. BP has not yet completed its evaluation of the impact of adopting this interpretation. 108 2 Resegmentation and other changes to comparatives With effect from 1 January 2006 the following changes to the business segment boundaries have been implemented: (a) Following the sale of Innovene to INEOS in December 2005, the transfer of three equity-accounted entities (Shanghai SECCO Petrochemical Company Limited in China and Polyethylene Malaysia Sdn Bhd and Ethylene Malaysia Sdn Bhd, both in Malaysia), previously reported in Other businesses and corporate, to Reﬁning and Marketing. (b) The formation of BP Alternative Energy in November 2005 has resulted in the transfer of certain mid-stream assets and activities to Gas, Power and Renewables: – South Houston Green Power co-generation facility (in the Texas City reﬁnery) from Reﬁning and Marketing. – Watson Cogeneration (in the Carson reﬁnery) from Reﬁning and Marketing. – Phu My Phase 3 CCGT plant in Vietnam from Exploration and Production. (c) The transfer of Hydrogen for Transport activities from Gas, Power and Renewables to Reﬁning and Marketing. Furthermore, in 2005, the basis of accounting for over-the-counter forward sale and purchase contracts for oil, natural gas, NGLs and power was changed. Certain transactions are now reported on a net basis in sales and other operating revenues, whereas previously they had been reported gross in sales and purchases. This change, while reducing sales and other operating revenues and purchases, had no impact on reported proﬁt, proﬁt per ordinary share, cash ﬂow or the balance sheet. During 2006, as part of a continuous process to review how individual contracts are accounted for, certain other minor adjustments have been identiﬁed that should have been reﬂected in the restatement from gross to net presentation. Although these adjustments are not signiﬁcant to the group income statement, comparatives have been amended to bring them onto a basis which is consistent with the current year. The impact of the changes described above is shown in the tables below. ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- $ million ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- 2005 Gas, Power and Renewables ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- Consolidation adjustment and eliminations Consolidation adjustment and eliminations Other businesses and corporate Exploration and Production Total continuing operations Reﬁning and Marketing Innovene operations Total group ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- 47,210 (32,606) 14,604 220,134 (11,407) 208,727 28,561 (3,095) 25,466 21,295 (8,251) 13,044 (55,359) 55,359 – 261,841 – 261,841 (20,627) 8,251 (12,376) 8,251 (8,251) – 249,465 – 249,465 25,508 6,942 1,104 (523) (208) 32,823 (668) 527 32,682 73,092 45,625 5,095 (2,602) (40,445) 80,765 ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- 47,210 (32,606) 14,604 213,326 (11,407) 201,919 25,696 (3,095) 22,601 21,295 (8,251) 13,044 (55,359) 55,359 – 252,168 – 252,168 (20,627) 8,251 (12,376) 8,251 (8,251) – 239,792 – 239,792 By business – as reported Sales and other operating revenues Segment sales and other operating revenues Less: sales between businesses Third party sales Segment results Proﬁt (loss) before interest and tax Assets and liabilities Net assets (liabilities) By business – as restated Sales and other operating revenues Segment sales and other operating revenues Less: sales between businesses Third party sales Segment results Proﬁt (loss) before interest and tax Assets and liabilities Net assets (liabilities) 25,502 6,926 1,172 (569) (208) 32,823 (668) 527 32,682 73,060 45,734 5,587 (3,171) (40,445) 80,765 ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- $ million ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- 2004 Gas, Power and Renewables ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- Consolidation adjustment and eliminations Consolidation adjustment and eliminations Other businesses and corporate Exploration and Production Total continuing operations Reﬁning and Marketing Innovene operations Total group ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- 34,700 (24,756) 9,944 176,350 (10,632) 165,718 26,110 (2,442) 23,668 17,994 (6,169) 11,825 (43,999) 43,999 – 211,155 – 211,155 (17,448) 6,169 (11,279) 6,169 (6,169) – 199,876 – 199,876 18,087 6,544 954 (362) (191) 25,032 526 188 25,746 ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- 34,700 (24,756) 9,944 170,639 (10,632) 160,007 23,969 (2,442) 21,527 17,994 (6,169) 11,825 (43,999) 43,999 – 203,303 – 203,303 (17,448) 6,169 (11,279) 6,169 (6,169) – 192,024 – 192,024 By business – as reported Sales and other operating revenues Segment sales and other operating revenues Less: sales between businesses Third party sales Segment results Proﬁt (loss) before interest and tax By business – as restated Sales and other operating revenues Segment sales and other operating revenues Less: sales between businesses Third party sales Segment results Proﬁt (loss) before interest and tax 18,085 6,506 1,003 (371) (191) 25,032 526 188 25,746 BP Annual Report and Accounts 2006 109 2 Resegmentation and other changes to comparatives continued Sales and other operating revenues ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- 2005 ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- By geographical area – as reported Segment sales and other operating revenues Less: sales attributable to Innovene operations Segment revenues from continuing operations Less: sales between areas Less: sales by continuing operations to Innovene Third party sales of continuing operations By geographical area – as restated Segment sales and other operating revenues Less: sales attributable to Innovene operations Segment revenues from continuing operations Less: sales between areas Less: sales by continuing operations to Innovene Third party sales of continuing operations By geographical area – as reported Segment sales and other operating revenues Less: sales attributable to Innovene operations Segment revenues from continuing operations Less: sales between areas Less: sales by continuing operations to Innovene Third party sales of continuing operations By geographical area – as restated Segment sales and other operating revenues Less: sales attributable to Innovene operations Segment revenues from continuing operations Less: sales between areas Less: sales by continuing operations to Innovene Third party sales of continuing operations Purchases As reported As restated ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- $ million ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- 2004 ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- UK 98,744 (2,610) 96,134 (38,081) (5,599) 52,454 95,375 (2,610) 92,765 (38,081) (5,599) 49,085 UK 62,516 (2,365) 60,151 (18,846) (5,263) 36,042 59,615 (2,365) 57,250 (18,846) (5,263) 33,141 Rest of Europe 72,972 (8,667) 64,305 (5,013) (4,640) 54,652 72,972 (8,667) 64,305 (5,013) (4,640) 54,652 Rest of Europe 52,540 (7,682) 44,858 (1,396) (896) 42,566 52,540 (7,682) 44,858 (1,396) (896) 42,566 USA 107,494 (4,309) 103,185 (2,362) (1,508) 99,315 101,190 (4,309) 96,881 (2,362) (1,508) 93,011 USA 91,309 (4,109) 87,200 (1,539) (2,064) 83,597 86,358 (4,109) 82,249 (1,539) (2,064) 78,646 $ million Total 339,524 (16,272) 323,252 (61,997) (11,790) 249,465 329,851 (16,272) 313,579 (61,997) (11,790) 239,792 Total 254,899 (14,828) 240,071 (31,969) (8,226) 199,876 247,047 (14,828) 232,219 (31,969) (8,226) 192,024 $ million 2004 Rest of World 60,314 (686) 59,628 (16,541) (43) 43,044 60,314 (686) 59,628 (16,541) (43) 43,044 Rest of World 48,534 (672) 47,862 (10,188) (3) 37,671 48,534 (672) 47,862 (10,188) (3) 37,671 2005 172,699 163,026 135,907 128,055 3 Oil and natural gas reserves estimates At the end of 2006, BP adopted the US Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) rules for estimating oil and natural gas reserves for all accounting and reporting purposes instead of the UK accounting rules contained in the Statement of Recommended Practice ‘Accounting for Oil and Gas Exploration, Development, Production and Decommissioning Activities’ (UK SORP). The main differences relate to the SEC requirement to use year-end prices, the application of SEC interpretations of SEC regulations relating to the use of technology (mainly seismic) to estimate reserves in the reservoir away from wellbores and the reporting of fuel gas (i.e. gas used for fuel in operations) within proved reserves. Consequently, reserves quantities under SEC rules differ from those that would be reported under application of the UK SORP. The change to SEC reserves represents a simpliﬁcation of the group’s reserves reporting, as in the future only one set of reserves estimates will be disclosed. In addition, the use of SEC reserves for accounting purposes will bring our IFRS and US GAAP reporting into closer alignment, as well as making our results more comparable with those of our major competitors. This change in accounting estimate has a direct impact on the amount of depreciation, depletion and amortization (DD&A) charged in the income statement in respect of oil and natural gas properties which are depreciated on a unit-of-production basis as described in Note 1. The change in estimate is applied prospectively, with no restatement of prior periods’ results. The group’s actual DD&A charge for the year is $9,128 million, whereas the charge based on UK SORP reserves would have been $9,057 million, i.e. an increase of $71 million due to the change in reserves estimates which was used to calculate DD&A for the last three months of the year. Over the life of a ﬁeld this change would have no overall effect on DD&A but the estimated effect for 2007 is expected to be an increase of approximately $400 million to $500 million for the group. 110 4 Acquisitions Acquisitions in 2006 BP made a number of minor acquisitions in 2006 for a total consideration of $256 million. All these business combinations were in the Gas, Power and Renewables segment and were accounted for using the acquisition method of accounting. Fair value adjustments were made to the acquired assets and liabilities and goodwill of $64 million arose on these acquisitions. Acquisitions in 2005 BP made a number of minor acquisitions in 2005 for a total consideration of $84 million. All these business combinations were accounted for using the acquisition method of accounting. No signiﬁcant fair value adjustments were made to the acquired assets and liabilities. Goodwill of $27 million arose on these acquisitions. There was also additional goodwill on the Solvay acquisition of $59 million (see below). Acquisitions in 2004 On 2 November 2004, Solvay exercised its option to sell its interests in BP Solvay Polyethylene Europe and BP Solvay Polyethylene North America to BP. Solvay held 50% of BP Solvay Polyethylene Europe and 51% of BP Solvay Polyethylene North America. On completion, the two entities, which manufacture and market high-density polyethylene, became wholly owned subsidiaries of BP. The total consideration for the acquisition was $1,391 million, subject to ﬁnal closing adjustments. There were closing adjustments and selling costs in 2005 amounting to $59 million. These created additional goodwill of $59 million, which was written off. Other minor acquisitions were made for a total consideration of $14 million. All business combinations have been accounted for using the acquisition method of accounting. The fair value of the property, plant and equipment was estimated by determining the net present value of future cash ﬂows. No signiﬁcant adjustments were made to the other assets and liabilities acquired. The assets and liabilities acquired as part of the 2004 acquisitions are shown in aggregate in the table below. ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- $ million ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- 2004 ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- Book value on acquisition Fair value adjustments Fair value 703 15 721 36 (329) – (3) (547) 596 760 – – – – (185) – (94) 481 1,463 15 721 36 (329) (185) (3) (641) 1,077 328 1,405 Property, plant and equipment Intangible assets Current assets (excluding cash) Cash and cash equivalents Trade and other payables Deferred tax liabilities Deﬁned beneﬁt pension plan deﬁcits Net investment in equity-accounted entities transferred to full consolidation Net assets acquired Goodwill Consideration ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- 5 Non-current assets held for sale and discontinued operations Non-current assets held for sale On 27 June 2006, BP announced its intention to sell the Coryton reﬁnery in the UK, following a review of its European reﬁnery portfolio which concluded that the group would optimise its value by focusing on a smaller, but more advantaged reﬁning portfolio in Europe. In addition, given the integrated nature of the operations, the bitumen business in the UK is also included with the divestment, along with the Coryton bulk terminal (together ‘the Coryton disposal group’). At 31 December 2006, negotiations for the sale were in progress and the assets and associated liabilities were classiﬁed as a disposal group held for sale. No impairment loss was recognized at the time of reclassiﬁcation of the Coryton disposal group as held for sale nor at 31 December 2006. The major classes of assets and liabilities of the Coryton disposal group, reported within the Reﬁning and Marketing segment, classiﬁed as held for sale at 31 December 2006 are set out below. ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- Assets Property, plant and equipment Goodwill Inventories Assets classiﬁed as held for sale Liabilities Current liabilities ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- Liabilities directly associated with assets classiﬁed as held for sale In addition, accumulated foreign exchange gains recognized directly in equity relating to the Coryton disposal group amounted to $122 million at 31 December 2006. On disposal such foreign exchange differences are recycled to the income statement. On 1 February 2007, it was agreed to sell the Coryton disposal group, subject to required regulatory approval, to Petroplus Holdings AG, an independent reﬁner and wholesaler of petroleum products headquartered in Zug, Switzerland, for a sale price of $1.4 billion, plus hydrocarbons to be valued at closing. BP Annual Report and Accounts 2006 111 $ million 564 60 454 1,078 54 54 5 Non-current assets held for sale and discontinued operations continued Discontinued operations The sale of Innovene, BP’s oleﬁns, derivatives and reﬁning group, to INEOS was completed on 16 December 2005. The Innovene operations represented a separate major line of business for BP. As a result of the sale, these operations were treated as discontinued operations for the year ended 31 December 2005. A single amount was shown on the face of the income statement comprising the post-tax result of discontinued operations and the post-tax loss recognized on the remeasurement to fair value less costs to sell and on disposal of the discontinued operation. That is, the income and expenses of Innovene are reported separately from the continuing operations of the BP group. The table below provides further detail of the amount shown in the income statement. In the cash ﬂow statement, the cash provided by the operating activities of Innovene has been separated from that of the rest of the group and reported as a single line item. Gross proceeds received amounted to $8,477 million. In 2005 there were selling costs of $120 million and initial closing adjustments of $43 million. In 2006 there was a ﬁnal closing adjustment of $34 million. The remeasurement to fair value less costs to sell resulted in a loss of $775 million before tax ($184 million recognized in 2006 and $591 million in 2005). Financial information for the Innovene operations after group eliminations is presented below. ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- $ million ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- 2006 2005 2004 ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- Total revenues and other income Expenses Proﬁt (loss) before interest and taxation Other ﬁnance income (expense) Proﬁt (loss) before taxation and loss recognized on remeasurement to fair value less costs to sell and on disposal Loss recognized on the remeasurement to fair value less costs to sell and on disposal Proﬁt (loss) before taxation from Innovene operations Tax (charge) credit on proﬁt (loss) before loss recognized on remeasurement to fair value less costs to sell and on disposal on loss recognized on the remeasurement to fair value less costs to sell and on disposal ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- Proﬁt (loss) from Innovene operations Earnings (loss) per share from Innovene operations – cents Basic Diluted The cash ﬂows of Innovene operations are presented below Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities Net cash used in investing activities Net cash provided by (used in) ﬁnancing activities Further information is contained in Note 6. 6 Disposals ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- $ million ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- By business 6,254 Proceeds from the sale of Innovene operations Proceeds from the sale of other businesses Proceeds from the sale of businesses Proceeds from disposal of ﬁxed assets Exploration and Production Reﬁning and Marketing Gas, Power and Renewables Other businesses and corporate ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- As part of the strategy to upgrade the quality of its asset portfolio, the group has an active programme to dispose of non-strategic assets. In the normal course of business in any particular year, the group may sell interests in exploration and production properties, service stations and pipeline interests as well as non-core businesses. Cash received during the year from disposals amounted to $6.3 billion (2005 $11.2 billion and 2004 $5.0 billion). The major transactions in 2006 were the disposals of our interests in the Gulf of Mexico Shelf and our interest in the Shenzi discovery in the Gulf of Mexico. The divestment of Innovene contributed $8.3 billion to the total in 2005. The major transactions in 2004 that generated over $2.3 billion of proceeds were the sale of the group’s investments in PetroChina and Sinopec. The principal transactions generating the proceeds for each business segment are described below. 112 – – – – – (184) (184) 166 (7) (25) (0.13) (0.12) – – – 2006 (34) 325 291 5,963 4,005 1,789 297 163 6,254 12,441 11,709 732 3 735 (591) 144 (306) 346 184 11,327 12,041 (714) (17) (731) – (731) 109 – (622) 0.87 0.86 970 (524) (446) (2.85) (2.79) (669) (1,731) 2,400 2005 8,304 93 8,397 2,803 11,200 1,416 888 540 8,356 11,200 2004 – 725 725 4,236 4,961 914 1,007 144 2,896 4,961 6 Disposals continued Exploration and Production The group divested interests in a number of oil and natural gas properties in all three years. During 2006 the major transactions were disposals of our interests in the Gulf of Mexico Shelf, in the Shenzi discovery in the Gulf of Mexico, in the Statfjord oil and gas ﬁeld and in the Luva gas ﬁeld in the North Sea. We also divested our interests in a number of onshore ﬁelds in South Louisiana, interests in ﬁelds in the North Sea, the Gulf of Suez and Venezuela, and part of an interest in Colombia. During 2005, the major transaction was the sale of the group’s interest in the Ormen Lange ﬁeld in Norway. In addition, the group sold interests in oil and natural gas properties in Venezuela, Canada and the Gulf of Mexico. In 2004, in the US, we sold 45% of our interest in King’s Peak in the deepwater Gulf of Mexico to Marubeni Oil & Gas, divested our interest in Swordﬁsh, and additionally sold various properties, including our interest in the South Pass 60 property in the Gulf of Mexico Shelf. In Canada, BP sold various assets in Alberta to Fairborne Energy. In Indonesia, we disposed of our interest in the Kangean Production Sharing Contract and our participating interest in the Muriah Production Sharing Contract. Reﬁning and Marketing The churn of retail assets represents a signiﬁcant element of the total in all three years. In addition, in 2006, we disposed of our interests in Zhenhai Reﬁning and Chemicals Company in China and in Eiffage, the French-based construction company. We also exited the retail market in the Czech Republic and disposed of our interests in a number of pipelines. During 2005, the group sold a number of regional retail networks in the US and in addition its retail network in Malaysia. During 2004, major transactions included the sale of the Singapore reﬁnery, the divestment of the European speciality intermediate chemicals business and the Cushing and other pipeline interests in the US. Gas, Power and Renewables During 2006, we disposed of our shareholding in Enagas, the Spanish gas transport grid operator. In 2005, the group sold its interest in the Interconnector pipeline and a power plant at Great Yarmouth in the UK. During 2004, the group sold its interest in two Canadian natural gas liquids plants. Other businesses and corporate During 2006, the group disposed of miscellaneous non-core businesses and assets. 2005 includes the proceeds from the sale of Innovene. The disposal of the group’s investments in PetroChina and Sinopec were the major transactions in 2004. In addition, the group sold its US speciality intermediate chemicals and fabrics and ﬁbres businesses. Summarized ﬁnancial information for the sale of businesses is shown below. ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- $ million ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- 2006 2005 2004 143 169 (10) (70) 232 167 399 (74) (34) 291 6,452 4,779 (364) (2,488) 8,379 18 8,397 – – 8,397 1,046 477 (44) (59) 1,420 (695) 725 – – 725 The disposals comprise the following Non-current assets Other current assets Non-current liabilities Current liabilities Proﬁt (loss) on sale of businesses Total consideration Consideration not yet received Closing adjustments associated with the sale of Innovene Proceeds from the sale of businessesa ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- a Includes cash and cash equivalents disposed of $2 million (2005 $15 million and 2004 $10 million). 7 Segmental analysis The group’s primary format for segment reporting is business segments and the secondary format is geographical segments. The risks and returns of the group’s operations are primarily determined by the nature of the different activities that the group engages in, rather than the geographical location of these operations. This is reﬂected by the group’s organizational structure and the group’s internal ﬁnancial reporting systems. BP has three reportable operating segments: Exploration and Production; Reﬁning and Marketing; and Gas, Power and Renewables. Exploration and Production’s activities include oil and natural gas exploration and ﬁeld development and production, together with pipeline transportation and natural gas processing. The activities of Reﬁning and Marketing include oil supply and trading as well as reﬁning and petrochemicals manufacturing and marketing. Gas, Power and Renewables activities include marketing and trading of gas and power, marketing of liqueﬁed natural gas, natural gas liquids and low- carbon power generation through the Alternative Energy business. The group is managed on an integrated basis. Other businesses and corporate comprises Finance, the group’s aluminum asset, interest income and costs relating to corporate activities worldwide. The accounting policies of operating segments are the same as those described in Note 1. Sales between segments are made at prices that approximate market prices, taking into account the volumes involved. Segment revenue and segment result include transactions between business segments. These transactions and any unrealized proﬁts and losses are eliminated on consolidation. The group’s geographical segments are based on the location of the group’s assets. The UK and the US are signiﬁcant countries of activity for the group; the other geographical segments are determined by geographical location. Sales to external customers are based on the location of the seller, which in most circumstances is not materially different from the location of the customer. Crude oil and LNG are commodities for which there is an international market and buyers and sellers can be widely separated geographically. The UK segment includes the UK-based international activities of Reﬁning and Marketing. BP Annual Report and Accounts 2006 113 7 Segmental analysis continued ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- $ million ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- 2006 ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- Exploration and Production Reﬁning and Marketing Gas, Power and Renewables Other businessess and corporate Consolidation adjustment and eliminations Total group Innovene operations Consolidation adjustment and eliminationsa Total continuing operations By business Sales and other operating revenues Segment sales and other operating revenues Less: sales between businesses Third party sales Equity-accounted earnings Segment revenues Interest and other revenues Total revenues Segment results Proﬁt (loss) before interest and tax Finance costs and other ﬁnance ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- 52,600 (36,171) 16,429 3,517 232,855 (4,076) 228,779 341 23,708 (4,019) 19,689 138 1,009 – 1,009 (1) (44,266) 44,266 – – 265,906 – 265,906 3,995 – – – – – – – – 265,906 – 265,906 3,995 ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- 19,827 – ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- 269,901 701 229,120 – 269,901 701 19,946 – 1,008 – – 701 – – – – 19,946 229,120 19,827 1,008 701 270,602 – 29,629 5,041 1,321 (1,069) 52 34,974 184 – – 270,602 35,158 expense – ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- (516) (516) (516) – – – – – 1,321 – ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- (464) (12,172) 34,458 (12,172) 34,642 (12,331) (1,069) – 29,629 – 5,041 – 184 (159) – – 29,629 5,041 1,321 (1,069) (12,636) 22,286 25 – 22,311 27,398 – ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- 217,057 544 (4,799) 544 99,310 – 80,964 – 14,184 – ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- 99,310 80,964 27,398 14,184 (4,255) 217,601 Equity-accounted investments 15,510 4,675 853 11 – 21,049 (21,708) – – – ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- (87,375) (2,635) (24,010) (18,116) 4,074 (2,635) (24,010) (18,116) (14,555) – – – (21,787) – – – (33,399) – – – (21,787) (33,399) (21,708) (14,555) (40,687) (132,136) Proﬁt (loss) before taxation Taxation Proﬁt (loss) for the year Assets and liabilities Segment assets Tax receivable Total assets Includes Segment liabilities Current tax payable Finance debt Deferred tax liabilities Total liabilities Other segment information Capital expenditure and acquisitions Intangible assets Property, plant and equipment Other Total Depreciation, depletion and ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- 1,614 10,227 1,277 13,118 253 2,733 158 3,144 192 337 159 688 43 232 6 281 – – – – 2,102 13,529 1,600 17,231 amortization Impairment losses Impairment reversals Loss on remeasurement to fair value less costs to sell and on disposal of Innovene operations Losses on sale of businesses and ﬁxed assets Gains on sale of businesses and ﬁxed 6,533 137 340 – 195 2,244 155 – – 228 192 100 – – – assets 2,309 1,112 193 159 69 – 184 5 100 – – – – – – 9,128 461 340 184 428 3,714 – – – (184) – – – – – – – – 9,128 461 340 – 428 3,714 114 7 Segmental analysis continued ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- $ million ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- 2005 Gas, Power and Renewables ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- Consolidation adjustment and eliminationsa Consolidation adjustment and eliminations Other businesses and corporate Exploration and Production Total continuing operations Reﬁning and Marketing Innovene operations Total group ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- 213,326 (11,407) 201,919 249 202,168 – 202,168 6,926 – 6,926 – 6,926 25,696 (3,095) 22,601 62 22,663 – 22,663 1,172 – 1,172 – 1,172 21,295 (8,251) 13,044 (14) 13,030 – 13,030 (569) – (569) – (569) (55,359) 252,168 – 55,359 252,168 – 3,529 – 255,697 – 689 689 256,386 689 (208) (758) (966) (9,433) (10,399) 32,823 (758) 32,065 (9,433) 22,632 (20,627) 8,251 (12,376) 14 (12,362) (76) (12,438) (668) (3) (671) 133 (538) 8,251 (8,251) – – – – – 527 – 527 (173) 354 239,792 – 239,792 3,543 243,335 613 243,948 32,682 (761) 31,921 (9,473) 22,448 ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- 77,485 – 77,485 28,952 – 28,952 12,144 – 12,144 (5,326) 206,702 212 (5,114) 206,914 212 Equity-accounted investments 14,657 4,336 771 9 – 19,773 47,210 (32,606) 14,604 3,232 17,836 – 17,836 25,502 – 25,502 – 25,502 93,447 – 93,447 ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- (20,387) – – – (20,387) (31,751) – – – (31,751) (23,365) – – – (23,365) (15,315) – – – (15,315) 4,548 (4,274) (19,162) (16,443) (35,331) (86,270) (4,274) (19,162) (16,443) (126,149) 989 8,751 497 10,237 6,033 266 451 2,036 373 2,860 2,382 93 31 199 5 235 235 – 10 779 28 817 533 59 – – – – – – 1,481 11,765 903 14,149 9,183 418 – 39 1,198 – 64 241 – – 55 591 6 47 – – – 591 109 1,541 (412) (59) (591) – (3) – – – – – 8,771 359 – 109 1,538 By business Sales and other operating revenues Segment sales and other operating revenues Less: sales between businesses Third party sales Equity-accounted earnings Segment revenues Interest and other revenues Total revenues Segment results Proﬁt (loss) before interest and tax Finance costs and other ﬁnance expense Proﬁt (loss) before taxation Taxation Proﬁt (loss) for the year Assets and liabilities Segment assets Tax receivable Total assets Includes Segment liabilities Current tax payable Finance debt Deferred tax liabilities Total liabilities Other segment information Capital expenditure and acquisitions Intangible assets Property, plant and equipment Other Total Depreciation, depletion and amortization Impairment losses Loss on remeasurement to fair value less costs to sell and on disposal of Innovene operations Losses on sale of businesses and ﬁxed assets Gains on sale of businesses and ﬁxed assets BP Annual Report and Accounts 2006 115 7 Segmental analysis continued ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- $ million ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- 2004 Gas, Power and Renewables ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- Consolidation adjustment and eliminationsa Consolidation adjustment and eliminations Other businesses and corporate Exploration and Production Total continuing operations Reﬁning and Marketing Innovene operations Total group ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- By business Sales and other operating revenues Segment sales and other operating revenues Less: sales between businesses Third party sales Equity-accounted earnings Segment revenues Interest and other revenues Total revenues Segment results Proﬁt (loss) before interest and tax Finance costs and other ﬁnance expense Proﬁt (loss) before taxation Taxation Proﬁt (loss) for the year Other segment information Depreciation, depletion and amortization Impairment losses Impairment reversals Losses on sale of businesses and ﬁxed assets Gains on sale of businesses and ﬁxed assets 34,700 (24,756) 9,944 1,983 11,927 – 11,927 18,085 – 18,085 – 18,085 170,639 (10,632) 160,007 262 160,269 – 160,269 6,506 – 6,506 – 6,506 23,969 (2,442) 21,527 35 21,562 – 21,562 1,003 – 1,003 – 1,003 17,994 (6,169) 11,825 (12) 11,813 – 11,813 (371) – (371) – (371) (43,999) 203,303 – 43,999 203,303 – 2,268 – 205,571 – 673 673 206,244 673 (191) (797) (988) (6,973) (7,961) 25,032 (797) 24,235 (6,973) 17,262 (17,448) 6,169 (11,279) 12 (11,267) (58) (11,325) 526 17 543 (53) 490 6,169 (6,169) – – – – – 188 – 188 (56) 132 192,024 – 192,024 2,280 194,304 615 194,919 25,746 (780) 24,966 (7,082) 17,884 5,583 435 31 227 162 2,532 195 – 371 104 218 – – – 56 679 891 – 416 1,365 – – – – – 9,012 1,521 31 1,014 1,687 (483) (879) – (235) (2) – – – – – 8,529 642 31 779 1,685 ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- a In the circumstances of discontinued operations, IFRS requires that the profits earned by the discontinued operations, in this case the Innovene operations, on sales to the continuing operations be eliminated on consolidation from the discontinued operations and attributed to the continuing operations and vice versa. This adjustment has two offsetting elements: the net margin on crude refined by Innovene as substantially all crude for its refineries was supplied by BP and most of the refined products manufactured were taken by BP; and the margin on sales of feedstock from BP’s US refineries to Innovene’s manufacturing plants. The profits attributable to individual segments are not affected by this adjustment. This representation does not indicate the profits earned by continuing or Innovene operations, as if they were standalone entities, for past periods or likely to be earned in future periods. 116 7 Segmental analysis continued ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- $ million ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- 2006 ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- 54,581 61,960 95,030 58,330 – 269,901 By geographical area Sales and other operating revenues Segment sales and other operating revenues Less: sales between areas Third party sales Equity-accounted earnings Segment revenues Segment results Proﬁt (loss) before interest and tax from continuing operations Finance costs and other ﬁnance (expense) income Proﬁt before taxation from continuing operations Taxation Proﬁt for the year from continuing operations Proﬁt (loss) from Innovene operations Proﬁt for the year Assets and liabilities Segment assets Tax receivable Total assets Includes ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- 2,813 1,768 7,278 10,427 – 22,286 ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- 49,018 13 49,031 28,059 65 28,124 78,586 450 79,036 69,479 16 69,495 (8,085) – 217,057 544 (8,085) 217,601 Equity-accounted investments 78 1,538 1,529 17,904 – 21,049 UK Rest of Europe USA Rest of World Consolidation adjustment and eliminations 105,518 (50,942) 54,576 5 76,768 (14,821) 61,947 13 99,935 (5,032) 94,903 127 71,547 (17,067) 54,480 3,850 5,897 43 5,940 (3,158) 2,782 31 3,282 (262) 3,020 (1,176) 1,844 (76) 11,164 (331) 10,833 (3,553) 7,280 (2) 14,815 34 14,849 (4,444) 10,405 22 Total 353,768 (87,862) 265,906 3,995 35,158 (516) 34,642 (12,331) 22,311 (25) ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- Segment liabilities Current tax payable Finance debt Deferred tax liabilities Total liabilities Other segment information Capital expenditure and acquisitions Intangible assets Property, plant and equipment Other Total Depreciation, depletion and amortization Exploration expense Impairment losses Impairment reversals Loss on remeasurement to fair value less costs to sell and on disposal of Innovene operations Losses on sale of businesses and ﬁxed assets Gains on sale of businesses and ﬁxed assets – – – – – – – – – – – – – – (26,048) (757) (12,666) (3,335) (18,484) (570) (328) (938) (32,979) 11 (7,201) (9,946) (17,949) (1,319) (3,815) (3,897) 8,085 – – – (87,375) (2,635) (24,010) (18,116) (42,806) (20,320) (50,115) (26,980) 8,085 (132,136) 421 1,120 46 1,587 53 916 22 991 905 5,531 156 6,592 723 5,962 1,376 8,061 2,102 13,529 1,600 17,231 2,139 20 – 176 185 12 337 840 – 171 – 36 96 577 3,459 633 114 90 (16) 217 2,530 2,690 392 176 74 (21) 103 270 – – – – – – – 9,128 1,045 461 340 184 428 3,714 BP Annual Report and Accounts 2006 117 ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- 7 Segmental analysis continued ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- $ million ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- 2005 ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- Equity-accounted investments 74 1,496 1,420 16,783 – 19,773 UK Rest of Europe USA Rest of World Consolidation adjustment and eliminations 95,375 (2,610) 92,765 (38,081) (5,599) 49,085 (8) 49,077 1,167 (80) 1,087 (289) 798 234 1,032 44,007 2 44,009 72,972 (8,667) 64,305 (5,013) (4,640) 54,652 18 54,670 5,206 (268) 4,938 (1,646) 3,292 109 3,401 26,560 158 26,718 101,190 (4,309) 96,881 (2,362) (1,508) 93,011 86 93,097 13,139 (366) 12,773 (3,983) 8,790 (165) 8,625 79,838 6 79,844 60,314 (686) 59,628 (16,541) (43) 43,044 3,447 46,491 13,170 (47) 13,123 (3,555) 9,568 6 9,574 64,129 46 64,175 Total 329,851 (16,272) 313,579 (61,997) (11,790) 239,792 3,543 243,335 32,682 (761) 31,921 (9,473) 22,448 184 22,632 (7,832) 206,702 212 (7,832) 206,914 – (25,079) (798) (9,706) (2,223) (37,806) (16,824) (1,057) (433) (936) (19,250) (33,646) (678) (6,159) (9,585) (50,068) (18,553) (1,741) (2,864) (3,699) (26,857) 7,832 – – – 7,832 (86,270) (4,274) (19,162) (16,443) (126,149) 205 1,340 53 1,598 2,080 32 53 43 919 18 980 932 2 7 579 4,804 86 5,469 3,685 425 238 654 4,702 746 6,102 2,074 225 61 1,481 11,765 903 14,149 8,771 684 359 – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – By geographical area Sales and other operating revenues Segment sales and other operating revenues Less: sales attributable to Innovene operations Segment revenues from continuing operations Less: sales between areas Less: sales by continuing operations to Innovene Third party sales of continuing operations Equity-accounted earnings Segment revenues Segment results Proﬁt before interest and tax from continuing operations Finance costs and other ﬁnance expense Proﬁt before taxation from continuing operations Taxation Proﬁt for the year from continuing operations Proﬁt (loss) from Innovene operations Proﬁt for the year Assets and liabilities Segment assets Tax receivable Total assets Includes Segment liabilities Current tax payable Finance debt Deferred tax liabilities Total liabilities Other segment information Capital expenditure and acquisitions Intangible assets Property, plant and equipment Other ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- Total Depreciation, depletion and amortization Exploration expense Impairment losses Loss on remeasurement to fair value less costs to sell and on disposal of Innovene operations Losses on sale of businesses and ﬁxed assets Gains on sale of businesses and ﬁxed assets 24 – 107 273 37 1,017 262 8 282 32 64 132 – – – 591 109 1,538 118 7 Segmental analysis continued ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- $ million ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- 2004 ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- By geographical area Sales and other operating revenues Segment sales and other operating revenues Less: sales attributable to Innovene operations Segment revenues from continuing operations Less: sales between areas Less: sales by continuing operations to Innovene Third party sales of continuing operations Equity-accounted income Segment revenues Segment results Proﬁt before interest and tax from continuing operations Finance costs and other ﬁnance (expense) income Proﬁt before taxation from continuing operations Taxation Proﬁt for the year from continuing operations Loss from Innovene operations Proﬁt for the year Other segment information Depreciation, depletion and amortization Exploration expense Impairment losses Impairment reversals Losses on sale of businesses and ﬁxed assets Gains on sale of businesses and ﬁxed assets UK Rest of Europe USA Rest of World Total 59,615 (2,365) 57,250 (18,846) (5,263) 33,141 9 33,150 2,875 155 3,030 (1,745) 1,285 (327) 958 52,540 (7,682) 44,858 (1,396) (896) 42,566 17 42,583 3,121 (261) 2,860 (779) 2,081 (110) 1,971 86,358 (4,109) 82,249 (1,539) (2,064) 78,646 92 78,738 9,725 (513) 9,212 (2,596) 6,616 (96) 6,520 48,534 (672) 47,862 (10,188) (3) 37,671 2,162 39,833 10,025 (161) 9,864 (1,962) 7,902 (89) 7,813 247,047 (14,828) 232,219 (31,969) (8,226) 192,024 2,280 194,304 25,746 (780) 24,966 (7,082) 17,884 (622) 17,262 2,030 26 – – 282 – 930 25 – – – – 3,906 361 570 – 177 133 1,663 225 41 31 320 1,552 8,529 637 611 31 779 1,685 BP Annual Report and Accounts 2006 119 8 Earnings from jointly controlled entities and associates ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- $ million ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- 2006 ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- Minority interest Proﬁt (loss) for the year Proﬁt (loss) before interest and tax 5,838 487 179 (1) 5,834 669 Interest 324 79 21 – 361 63 4,813 385 77 (14) 5,261 14 5,275 4,615 660 5,275 3,244 360 44 (9) 3,639 9 3,648 3,017 631 3,648 227 55 7 – 289 – 289 232 57 289 189 19 7 3 218 (3) 215 167 48 215 ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- 6,503 424 1,891 193 3,995 ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- a Includes a net gain of $892 million on the disposal of fixed assets. ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- $ million ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- 2005 6,503 424 1,891 193 3,995 ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- Proﬁt (loss) before interest and tax Interest Minority interest Proﬁt (loss) for the year ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- b Includes a net gain of $270 million on the disposal of fixed assets. ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- $ million ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- 2004 ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- Proﬁt (loss) before interest and tax Interest Minority interest Proﬁt (loss) for the year By business Exploration and Productiona Reﬁning and Marketing Gas, Power and Renewables Other businesses and corporate Earnings from jointly controlled entities Earnings from associates By business Exploration and Productionb Reﬁning and Marketing Gas, Power and Renewables Other businesses and corporate Innovene operations Continuing operations Earnings from jointly controlled entities Earnings from associates By business Exploration and Production Reﬁning and Marketing Gas, Power and Renewables Other businesses and corporate Innovene operations Continuing operations Earnings from jointly controlled entities Earnings from associates ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- 9 Interest and other revenues ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- $ million ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- Dividends Interest from loans and other investments Other interest Miscellaneous income Innovene operations Continuing operations ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- Tax 1,804 67 20 – 1,727 164 Tax 1,250 81 8 – 1,339 – 1,339 1,196 143 1,339 Tax 1,029 79 2 – 1,110 – 1,110 989 121 1,110 2006 5 154 314 228 701 – 701 193 – – – 193 – 104 – – – 104 – 104 104 – 104 43 – – – 43 – 43 43 – 43 2005 52 73 324 240 689 (76) 613 3,517 341 138 (1) 3,553 442 3,232 249 62 (14) 3,529 14 3,543 3,083 460 3,543 1,983 262 35 (12) 2,268 12 2,280 1,818 462 2,280 2004 37 34 244 358 673 (58) 615 120 104 63 167 2,309 1,008 193 37 3,547 3,714 – 3,714 18 – 18 1,198 223 55 47 1,523 1,541 (3) 1,538 – – – 162 104 56 1,365 1,687 1,687 (2) 1,685 Gains on sale of businesses Reﬁning and Marketing Other businesses and corporate Gains on sale of ﬁxed assets Exploration and Production Reﬁning and Marketing Gas, Power and Renewables Other businesses and corporate Innovene operations Continuing operations 10 Gains on sale of businesses and ﬁxed assets ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- $ million ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- 2006 2005 2004 ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- The principal transactions giving rise to these gains for each business segment are described below. Exploration and Production The group divested interests in a number of oil and natural gas properties in all three years. The major divestments during 2006 that resulted in gains were the sales of our interest in the Shenzi discovery in the Gulf of Mexico in the US and interests in the North Sea. In 2005 the major divestment was the sale of the group’s interest in the Ormen Lange ﬁeld in Norway. BP also sold various oil and gas properties in Trinidad & Tobago, Canada and the Gulf of Mexico. For 2004, divestments included interests in oil and natural gas properties in Australia, Canada and the Gulf of Mexico. Reﬁning and Marketing During 2006, the group divested its retail business in the Czech Republic and ﬁxed assets including its shareholding in Zhenhai Reﬁning and Chemicals Company in China, its shareholding in Eiffage, the French-based construction company, and pipeline assets. In 2005, the group divested a number of regional retail networks in the US. For 2004, divestments included the sale of the Cushing and other pipeline interests in the US and the churn of retail assets. Gas, Power and Renewables In 2006, the group divested its shareholding in Enagas. In 2005, transactions included the disposal of the group’s interest in the Interconnector pipeline and power plant at Great Yarmouth in the UK. During 2004, the group divested its interest in two natural gas liquids plants in Canada. Other businesses and corporate In 2006, the group disposed of its ethylene oxide business. For 2004, the major disposals were the divestment of the group’s investments in PetroChina and Sinopec. Additional information on the sale of businesses and ﬁxed assets is given in Note 6. 11 Production and similar taxes ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- $ million ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- UK Overseas ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- 2006 260 3,361 3,621 2005 495 2,515 3,010 2004 335 1,814 2,149 BP Annual Report and Accounts 2006 121 12 Depreciation, depletion and amortization ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- 2006 2005 2004 $ million ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- By business Exploration and Production UK Rest of Europe USA Rest of World Reﬁning and Marketing UKa Rest of Europe USA Rest of World Gas, Power and Renewables UK Rest of Europe USA Rest of World UK Rest of Europe USA Rest of World By geographical area UKa Rest of Europe USA Rest of World Innovene operations Continuing operations ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- Other businesses and corporate ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- 1,720 223 2,236 2,354 6,533 303 603 1,048 290 2,244 18 13 117 44 192 98 1 58 2 159 2,139 840 3,459 2,690 9,128 – 9,128 1,663 228 2,426 1,716 6,033 316 687 1,082 297 2,382 47 20 109 59 235 203 130 187 13 533 2,229 1,065 3,804 2,085 9,183 (412) 8,771 1,642 184 2,407 1,350 5,583 318 645 1,238 331 2,532 37 24 88 69 218 251 204 199 25 679 2,248 1,057 3,932 1,775 9,012 (483) 8,529 a UK area includes the UK-based international activities of Refining and Marketing. 122 13 Impairment and losses on sale of businesses and ﬁxed assets ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- $ million ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- 2006 2005 2004 137 155 100 69 461 (340) (340) – – – 195 228 5 428 184 733 (184) 549 266 93 – 59 418 – – – – – 39 64 6 109 591 1,118 (650) 468 435 195 – 891 1,521 (31) (31) 279 416 695 227 92 – 319 – 2,504 (1,114) 1,390 Impairment losses Exploration and Production Reﬁning and Marketing Gas, Power and Renewables Other businesses and corporate Impairment reversals Exploration and Production Reﬁning and Marketing Other businesses and corporate Loss on sale of ﬁxed assets Exploration and Production Reﬁning and Marketing Other businesses and corporate Innovene operations Continuing operations ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- Loss on sale of businesses or termination of operations ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- Loss on remeasurement to fair value less costs to sell and on disposal of Innovene operations ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- Impairment In assessing whether a write-down is required in the carrying value of a potentially impaired asset, its carrying value is compared with its recoverable amount. The recoverable amount is the higher of the asset’s fair value less costs to sell and value in use. Given the nature of the group’s activities, information on the fair value of an asset is usually difﬁcult to obtain unless negotiations with potential purchasers are taking place. Consequently, unless indicated otherwise, the recoverable amount used in assessing the impairment charges described below is value in use. The group generally estimates value in use using a discounted cash ﬂow model. The future cash ﬂows are usually adjusted for risks speciﬁc to the asset and discounted using a pre- tax discount rate of 10% (2005 10% and 2004 9%). This discount rate is derived from the group’s post-tax weighted average cost of capital. A different pre-tax discount rate is used where the tax rate applicable to the asset is signiﬁcantly different from the average corporate tax rate applicable to the group as a whole. Exploration and Production During 2006, Exploration and Production recognized a net gain on impairment. The main element was a $340 million credit for reversals of previously booked impairments relating to the UK North Sea, US Lower 48 and China. These reversals resulted from a positive change in the estimates used to determine the assets’ recoverable amount since the impairment losses were recognised. This was partially offset by impairment losses totalling $137 million. The major element was a charge of $109 million against intangible assets relating to properties in Alaska. The trigger for the impairment test was the decision of the Alaska Department of Natural Resources to terminate the Point Thompson Unit Agreement. We are defending our right through the appeal process. The remaining $28 million relates to other individually insigniﬁcant impairments, the impairment tests for which were triggered by downward reserves revisions and increased tax burden. During 2005, Exploration and Production recognized total charges of $266 million for impairment in respect of producing oil and gas properties. The major element of this was a charge of $226 million relating to ﬁelds in the Shelf and Coastal areas of the Gulf of Mexico. The triggers for the impairment tests were primarily the effect of Hurricane Rita, which extensively damaged certain offshore and onshore production facilities, leading to repair costs and higher estimates of the eventual cost of decommissioning the production facilities and, in addition, reduced estimates of the quantities of hydrocarbons recoverable from some of these ﬁelds. The recoverable amount was based on management’s estimate of fair value less costs to sell consistent with recent transactions in the area. The remainder related to ﬁelds in the UK North Sea, which were tested for impairment following a review of the economic performance of these assets. During 2004, as a result of impairment triggers, reviews were conducted which resulted in impairment charges of $83 million in respect of King’s Peak in the Gulf of Mexico, $20 million in respect of two ﬁelds in the Gulf of Mexico Shelf Matagorda Island area and $184 million in respect of various US onshore ﬁelds. A charge of $88 million was reﬂected in respect of a gas processing plant in the US and a charge of $60 million following the blow-out of the Temsah platform in Egypt. In addition, following the lapse of the sale agreement for oil and gas properties in Venezuela, $31 million of the previously booked impairment charge was released. Reﬁning and Marketing During 2006, certain assets in our Retail and Aromatics and Acetyls businesses were written down to fair value less costs to sell. During 2005, certain retail assets were written down to fair value less costs to sell. With the formation of Oleﬁns and Derivatives at the end of 2004 certain agreements and assets were restructured to reﬂect the arm’s-length relationship that would exist in the future. This resulted in an impairment of the petrochemical facilities at Hull, UK. Gas, Power and Renewables The impairment charge for 2006 relates to certain North American pipeline assets. The trigger for impairment testing was the reduction in future pipeline tariff revenues and increased on-going operational costs. BP Annual Report and Accounts 2006 123 13 Impairment and losses on sale of businesses and ﬁxed assets continued Other businesses and corporate The impairment charge for 2006 relates to remaining chemical assets after the sale of Innovene. The impairment charge for 2005 relates to the write-off of additional goodwill on the Solvay transactions. In 2004, in connection with the Solvay transactions, the group recognized impairment charges of $325 million for goodwill and $270 million for property, plant and equipment in BP Solvay Polyethylene Europe. As part of a restructuring of the North American Oleﬁns and Derivatives businesses, decisions were taken to exit certain businesses and facilities, resulting in impairments and write-downs of $294 million. Loss on sale of businesses or termination of operations The principal transactions that give rise to the losses for each business segment are described below. Reﬁning and Marketing In 2004, activities included the closure of two manufacturing plants at Hull, UK, which produced acids; the sale of the European speciality intermediate chemicals business; the closure of the lubricants operation of the Coryton reﬁnery in the UK and of reﬁning operations at the ATAS reﬁnery in Mersin, Turkey. Other businesses and corporate For 2004, activities included the sale of the US speciality intermediate chemicals business; the sale of the fabrics and ﬁbres business; and the closure of the linear alpha-oleﬁns production facility at Pasadena, Texas. Loss on sale of ﬁxed assets The principal transactions that give rise to the losses for each business segment are described below. Exploration and Production The group divested interests in a number of oil and natural gas properties in all three years. For 2006, the largest component of the loss is attributed to the sale of properties in the Gulf of Mexico Shelf which includes increases in decommissioning liability estimates associated with the hurricane-damaged ﬁelds which were divested during the year. For 2004, this included interests in oil and natural gas properties in Indonesia and the Gulf of Mexico. Reﬁning and Marketing For 2006, the principal transactions contributing to the loss were retail churn. For 2004, the principal transactions contributing to the loss were divestment of the Singapore reﬁnery and retail churn. 14 Impairment of goodwill ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- Goodwill at 31 December Exploration and Production Reﬁning and Marketing Gas, Power and Renewables ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- 2006 4,282 6,390 108 10,780 $ million 2005 4,371 5,955 45 10,371 Goodwill acquired through business combinations has been allocated ﬁrst to business segments and then down to the next level of cash-generating unit that is expected to beneﬁt from the synergies of the acquisition. For Exploration and Production, goodwill has been allocated to each geographic region, that is UK, Rest of Europe, US and Rest of World, and for Reﬁning and Marketing, goodwill has been allocated to strategic performance units (SPUs), namely Reﬁning, Retail, Lubricants, Aromatics and Acetyls and Business Marketing. In assessing whether goodwill has been impaired, the carrying amount of the cash-generating unit (including goodwill) is compared with the recoverable amount of the cash-generating unit. The recoverable amount is the higher of fair value less costs to sell and value in use. In the absence of any information about the fair value of a cash-generating unit, the recoverable amount is deemed to be the value in use. The group generally estimates value in use using a discounted cash ﬂow model. The future cash ﬂows are usually adjusted for risks speciﬁc to the asset and discounted using a pre-tax discount rate of 10% (2005 10%). This discount rate is derived from the group’s post-tax weighted average cost of capital. A different pre-tax discount rate is used where the tax rate applicable to the region is signiﬁcantly different from the average corporate tax rate applicable to the group as a whole. The four or ﬁve year business segment plans, which are approved on an annual basis by senior management, are the source for information for the determination of the various values in use. They contain implicit forecasts for oil and natural gas production, reﬁnery throughputs, sales volumes for various types of reﬁned products (e.g. gasoline and lubricants), revenues, costs and capital expenditure. As an initial step to the preparation of these plans, various environmental assumptions, such as oil prices, natural gas prices, reﬁning margins, reﬁned product margins and cost inﬂation rates, are set by senior management. These environmental assumptions take account of existing prices, global supply-demand equilibrium for oil and natural gas, other macroeconomic factors and historical trends and variability. For the purposes of impairment testing, the group’s Brent oil price assumption is an average $65 per barrel in 2007, $68 per barrel in 2008, $67 per barrel in 2009, $66 per barrel in 2010, $64 per barrel in 2011 and $40 per barrel in 2012 and beyond (2005 $55 per barrel in 2005 decreasing in equal annual steps over the following three years to $25 per barrel in 2009 and beyond). Similarly, the group’s assumption for Henry Hub natural gas prices is an average of $8.10 per mmBtu in 2007, $8.31 per mmBtu in 2008, $7.88 per mmBtu in 2009, $8.21 per mmBtu in 2010, $7.50 per mmBtu in 2011 and $5.50 per mmBtu in 2012 and beyond (2005 $8.65 per mmBtu in 2005 decreasing in equal annual steps over the following three years to $4.00 per mmBtu in 2009 and beyond). These prices are adjusted to arrive at appropriate consistent price assumptions for different qualities of oil and gas. 124 14 Impairment of goodwill continued Exploration and Production The value in use is based on the cash ﬂows expected to be generated by the projected oil or natural gas production proﬁles up to the expected dates of cessation of production of each producing ﬁeld. The date of cessation of production depends on the interaction of a number of variables, such as the recoverable quantities of hydrocarbons, the production proﬁle of the hydrocarbons, the cost of the development of the infrastructure necessary to recover the hydrocarbons, the production costs, the contractual duration of the production concession and the selling price of the hydrocarbons produced. As each producing ﬁeld has speciﬁc reservoir characteristics and economic circumstances, the cash ﬂows of the ﬁelds are computed using appropriate individual economic models and key assumptions agreed by BP’s management for the purpose. Cash outﬂows and hydrocarbon production quantities for the ﬁrst ﬁve years are agreed as part of the annual planning process. Thereafter, estimated production quantities and cash outﬂows up to the date of cessation of production are developed to be consistent with this. Consistent with prior years, the review for impairment was carried out during the fourth quarter of 2006 using data which was appropriate at that time. As permitted by IAS 36, the detailed calculation made in 2005 was used for the 2006 impairment test on the goodwill allocated to the Rest of World as the criteria of IAS 36 were considered to be satisﬁed in respect of this region: the excess of the recoverable amount over the carrying amount was substantial in 2005; there had been no signiﬁcant change in the assets and liabilities; and the likelihood that the recoverable amount would be less than the carrying amount at the time of the test was remote. Therefore, the detailed impairment test for goodwill was reperformed only on the carrying amounts in the UK and the US. The following table shows the carrying value of the goodwill allocated to each of the regions of the Exploration and Production segment and the amount by which the recoverable amount (value in use) exceeds the carrying amount of the goodwill and other non-current assets in the cash- generating units to which the goodwill has been allocated. No impairment charge is required. ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- $ million ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- 2006 ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- Goodwill Excess of recoverable amount over carrying amount ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- $ million ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- 2005 ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- Goodwill Excess of recoverable amount over carrying amount UK Rest of Europe USA Rest of World Total 341 7,886 – n/a 3,426 28,856 515 n/a 4,282 — UK Rest of Europe USA Rest of World Total 341 3,205 – n/a 3,515 6,421 515 n/a 4,371 – The key assumptions required for the value-in-use estimation are the oil and natural gas prices, production volumes and the discount rate. To test the sensitivity of the excess of the recoverable amount over the carrying amount of goodwill and other non-current assets shown above (the headroom) to changes in production volumes and oil and natural gas prices, management has developed ‘rules of thumb’ for key assumptions. Applying these gives an indication of the impact on the headroom of possible changes in the key assumptions. On the basis of the rules of thumb using estimated 2007 production proﬁles and an assumed average 15-year production life, it is estimated that the long-term price of Brent that would cause the total recoverable amount to be equal to the total carrying amount of the goodwill and related non-current assets for individual cash-generating units would be of the order of $31 per barrel for the UK and $28 per barrel for the US. No reasonably possible change in oil or gas prices would cause the headroom in the Rest of the World to be reduced to zero. Estimated production volumes are based on detailed data for the ﬁelds and take into account development plans for the ﬁelds agreed by management as part of the long-term planning process. It is estimated that, if all our production were to be reduced by 10% for the whole of the next 15 years, this would not be sufﬁcient to reduce the excess of recoverable amount over the carrying amounts of the individual cash generating units to zero. Consequently, management believes no reasonably possible change in the production assumption would cause the carrying amount of goodwill and other non-current assets to exceed their recoverable amount. Management also believes that currently there is no reasonably possible change in discount rate which would reduce the group’s headroom to zero. Reﬁning and Marketing For all cash generating units, the cash ﬂows for the next four years are derived from the four-year business segment plan. The cost inﬂation rate is assumed to be 2.5% (2005 assumption was 2.5%) throughout the period. For determining the value in use for each of the SPUs, cash ﬂows for a period of 10 years have been discounted and aggregated with its terminal value. Reﬁning Cash ﬂows beyond the four-year period are extrapolated using a 2% growth rate (2005 assumption was 2%). The key assumptions to which the calculation of value in use for the Reﬁning unit is most sensitive are gross margins, production volumes and the terminal value. The value assigned to the gross margin is based on a $7.25 per barrel global indicator margin (GIM), which is then adjusted for speciﬁc reﬁnery conﬁgurations. In 2005 the value assigned to the gross margin was based on a $5.25 per barrel GIM, except in the ﬁrst year of the plan period when a GIM of $7.25 was used, reﬂecting market conditions expected in the near term. The value assigned to the production volume is 850mmbbl a year (2005 900mmbbl) and remains constant over the plan period. The value assigned to the terminal value assumption is 6 times earnings (2005 5 times), which is indicative of similar assets in the current market. These key assumptions reﬂect past experience and are consistent with external sources. Management believes that no reasonably possible change in the key assumptions would lead to the Reﬁning value in use being equal to its carrying amount. BP Annual Report and Accounts 2006 125 14 Impairment of goodwill continued Retail Cash ﬂows beyond the four-year period are extrapolated using a 1.3% growth rate (2005 assumption was no growth) reﬂecting a competitive marketplace within a growing global economy. The key assumptions to which the calculation of value in use for the Retail unit is most sensitive are unit gross margins, branded marketing volumes, the terminal value and discount rate. The value assigned to the unit gross margin varies between markets. For the purpose of planning, each market develops a gross margin based upon a market-speciﬁc reference price adjusted for the different income streams within the market and other market speciﬁc factors. The weighted average Retail reference margin used in the plan was 5.0 cents per litre (2005 5.4 cents per litre). The value assigned to the branded marketing volume assumption is 100 billion litres a year (2005 101 billion litres a year). The unit gross margin assumptions decline on average by 5% a year over the plan period and marketing volume assumptions grow by an average of 5% a year over the plan period. The value assigned to the terminal value assumption is 6.5 times earnings (2005 6.5 times), which is indicative of similar assets in the current market. These key assumptions reﬂect past experience and are consistent with external sources. The Retail unit’s recoverable amount exceeds its carrying amount by $2.1 billion. Based on sensitivity analysis, it is estimated that if there is an adverse change in the unit gross margin of 11%, the recoverable amount of the Retail unit would equal its carrying amount. It is estimated that, if the volume assumption changes by 5%, the Retail unit’s value in use changes by $1 billion and, if there is an adverse change in Retail volumes of 11 billion litres a year, the recoverable amount of the Retail unit would equal its carrying amount. If the multiple of earnings used in the terminal value changes by 1 then the Retail unit’s value in use changes by $0.7 billion and, if the multiple of earnings falls to 3 times then the Retail value in use would equal its carrying amount. A change of 1% in the discount rate would change the Retail value in use by $0.7 billion and, if the discount rate increases to 13%, the value in use of the Retail unit would equal its carrying amount. Lubricants Cash ﬂows beyond the four-year period are extrapolated using a 3% margin growth rate (2005 assumption was 3%), which is lower than the long-term average growth rate for the ﬁrst four years. The terminal value for the Lubricants unit represents cash ﬂows discounted to perpetuity. For the Lubricants unit, the key assumptions to which the calculation of value in use is most sensitive are operating margin, sales volumes and the discount rate. The average values assigned to the operating margins and sales volumes over the plan period are 53 cents per litre (2005 56 cents per litre) and 3.5 billion litres a year (2005 3.5 billion litres) respectively. These key assumptions reﬂect past experience. The Lubricants unit’s recoverable amount exceeds its carrying amount by $2.0 billion. Based on sensitivity analysis, it is estimated that if there is an adverse change in the operating gross margin of 5 cents per litre, the recoverable amount of the Lubricants unit would equal its carrying amount. If the sales volume assumption changes by 5%, the Lubricants unit’s value in use changes by $1.1 billion and, if there is an adverse change in Lubricants sales volumes of 300 million litres a year, the recoverable amount of the Lubricants unit would equal its carrying amount. A change of 1% in the discount rate would change the Lubricants unit’s value in use by $0.6 billion and, if the discount rate increases to 14% the value in use of the Lubricants unit would equal its carrying amount. ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- $ million ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- 2006 ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- Reﬁning Retail Lubricants Other Total 1,328 n/a 841 2,100 4,098 2,012 123 n/a 6,390 – Goodwill Excess of recoverable amount over carrying amount ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- $ million ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- 2005 ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- Reﬁning Retail Lubricants Other Total 1,388 n/a 832 1,511 3,612 3,953 123 n/a 5,955 – Goodwill Excess of recoverable amount over carrying amount 15 Distribution and administration expenses ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- $ million ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- Distribution Administration Innovene operations Continuing operations 16 Currency exchange gains and losses ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- $ million ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- Currency exchange losses charged to income Innovene operations Continuing operations ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- 2006 13,174 1,273 14,447 – 14,447 2005 2004 13,187 1,325 14,512 (806) 13,706 12,325 1,284 13,609 (841) 12,768 2006 222 – 222 2005 94 (80) 14 2004 55 (13) 42 126 17 Research ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- $ million ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- 2006 395 – 395 2005 502 (128) 374 2004 439 (139) 300 Expenditure on research Innovene operations Continuing operations 18 Operating leases The table below shows the expense for the year in respect of operating leases. Where an operating lease is entered into solely by the group as the operator of a jointly controlled asset, the total cost is included in this analysis, irrespective of any amounts that have been or will be reimbursed by joint venture partners. Where BP is not the operator of a jointly controlled asset, operating lease costs and minimum future lease payments are excluded from the information given below. ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- $ million ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- 2006 3,660 (131) 3,529 — 3,529 2005 2,737 (114) 2,623 (49) 2,574 2004 2,442 (115) 2,327 (89) 2,238 The minimum future lease payments at 31 December (before deducting related rental income from operating sub-leases, for 2006 of $626 million, 2005 $718 million) were as follows: ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- 2006 2005 2004 Minimum lease payments Sub-lease rentals Innovene operations Continuing operations Minimum future lease payments Payable within 1 year 2 to 5 years Thereafter ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- The following additional disclosures represent the net operating lease expense and net minimum future lease payments, after deducting amounts reimbursed, or to be reimbursed, by joint venture partners. Where operating lease costs are incurred in relation to the hire of equipment used in connection with a capital project, some or all of the cost may be capitalized as part of the capital cost of the project. For 2006, $895 million of the cost for the year has been capitalized. Where BP is not the operator of a jointly controlled asset, operating lease costs and minimum future lease payments are excluded from the information given below. ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- $ million ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- 2006 2005 2004 ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- The group has entered into operating leases on ships, plant and machinery, commercial vehicles, land and buildings, including service station sites and ofﬁce accommodation. The ship leases represent approximately 36% (2005 52%) of the minimum future lease payments. The typical durations of the leases are as follows: ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- Minimum lease payments Sub-lease rentals Innovene operations Continuing operations Minimum future lease payments Payable within 1 year 2 to 5 years Thereafter Ships Plant and machinery Commercial vehicles Land and buildings 3,428 8,440 5,684 17,552 2,610 6,584 4,619 13,813 2006 2,937 (131) 2,806 — 2,806 2005 1,841 (110) 1,731 (49) 1,682 2,732 7,290 5,221 15,243 1,643 4,666 4,579 10,888 $ million 2,061 4,357 3,341 9,759 2004 1,840 (109) 1,731 (89) 1,642 $ million 1,534 3,778 3,275 8,587 Years up to 20 up to 10 up to 15 up to 40 BP Annual Report and Accounts 2006 127 18 Operating leases continued Principal details of the leases are: Ships: the group has entered into a number of structured operating leases for vessels, but which generally have no renewal or extension options. In most cases rentals vary with interest rates, but the amounts of these contingent rentals are not signiﬁcant for the years presented. The group also routinely enters into bareboat charters, time charters and spot charters for ships on standard industry terms. Plant and machinery: this principally comprises leases for drilling rigs. Generally these leases have no renewal options. There are no ﬁnancial restrictions placed upon the lessee by entering into these leases. Commercial vehicles: primarily railcar leases. Generally these leases have no renewal options. There are no ﬁnancial restrictions placed upon the lessee by entering into these leases. Land and buildings: the majority of these leases have no renewal options. There are no ﬁnancial restrictions placed upon the lessee by entering into these leases. The minimum future lease payments including executory costs associated with the leases of $482 million (after deducting related rental income from operating sub-leases of $626 million) were as follows: ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- $ million ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- 19 Exploration for and evaluation of oil and natural gas resources The following ﬁnancial information represents the amounts included within the group totals relating to activity associated with the exploration for and evaluation of oil and natural gas resources. All such activity is recorded within the Exploration and Production segment. ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- $ million 17,408 ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 Thereafter Exploration and evaluation costs Exploration expenditure written off Other exploration costs Exploration expense for the year Intangible assets Net assets Capital expenditure Net cash used in operating activities Net cash used in investing activities 20 Auditors’ remuneration ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- Fees – Ernst & Young Fees payable to the company’s auditors for the audit of the company’s accountsa Fees payable to the company’s auditors and its associates for other services Audit of the company’s subsidiaries pursuant to legislation Other services pursuant to legislation ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- Tax services Services relating to corporate ﬁnance transactions All other services Audit fees in respect of the BP pension plans Innovene operations Continuing operations ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- a Fees in respect of the audit of the accounts of BP p.l.c. including the group’s consolidated financial statements. Total fees for 2006 include $5 million of additional fees for 2005 (2005 includes $4 million of additional fees for 2004). Auditors’ remuneration is included in the income statement within distribution and administration expenses. The tax services relate to income tax and indirect tax compliance and employee tax services. 128 2006 3,355 3,031 2,403 1,686 1,191 5,742 2006 2005 2004 624 421 1,045 4,110 4,110 1,537 421 1,498 305 379 684 4,008 4,008 274 363 637 3,761 3,761 950 379 950 754 363 754 $ million 2006 2005 2004 15 19 13 31 15 61 1 2 9 – 73 – 73 34 6 59 10 3 23 1 96 (9) 87 30 7 50 14 7 9 1 81 (3) 78 ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- 20 Auditors’ remuneration continued The audit committee has established pre-approval policies and procedures for the engagement of Ernst & Young to render audit and certain assurance and tax services. The audit fees payable to Ernst & Young are reviewed by the audit committee in the context of other global companies for cost-effectiveness. Ernst & Young performed further assurance and tax services that were not prohibited by regulatory or other professional requirements and were pre-approved by the committee. Ernst & Young is engaged for these services when its expertise and experience of BP are important. Most of this work is of an audit nature. Tax services were awarded either through a full competitive tender process or following an assessment of the expertise of Ernst & Young compared to that of other potential service providers. These services are for a ﬁxed term. Fees paid to major ﬁrms of accountants other than Ernst & Young for other services amounted to $52 million (2005 $151 million and 2004 $82 million). 21 Finance costs ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- $ million ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- Bank loans and overdrafts Other loans Finance leases Interest payable Capitalized at 5.25% (2005 4.25% and 2004 3%)a Early redemption of borrowings and ﬁnance leases 2006 130 1,020 46 1,196 (478) – 2005 44 828 38 910 (351) 57 616 2004 34 573 37 644 (204) – 440 2006 1,940 (2,410) (470) 245 23 – (202) – (202) 2005 2,022 (2,138) (116) 201 57 – 142 3 145 2004 2,012 (1,983) 29 196 91 41 357 (17) 340 ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- a Tax relief on capitalized interest is $182 million (2005 $123 million and 2004 $73 million). 718 22 Other ﬁnance income and expense ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- $ million ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- Interest on pension and other post-retirement beneﬁt plan liabilities Expected return on pension and other post-retirement beneﬁt plan assets Interest net of expected return on plan assets Unwinding of discount on provisions Unwinding of discount on deferred consideration for acquisition of investment in TNK-BP Change in discount rate for provisionsa ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- Innovene operations Continuing operations a Revaluation of environmental and litigation and other provisions at a different discount rate. BP Annual Report and Accounts 2006 129 Deferred tax charge UK Overseas UK Overseas Total UK Overseas 23 Taxation ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- Tax on proﬁt ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- Current tax 2004 2006 2005 $ million Charge for the year Adjustment in respect of prior years Innovene operations Continuing operations Deferred tax ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- Origination and reversal of temporary differences in the current year Adjustment in respect of prior years ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- Innovene operations Continuing operations Tax on proﬁt from continuing operations ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- Tax on proﬁt from continuing operations may be analysed as follows: Current tax charge ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- Tax included in statement of recognized income and expense ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- Current tax 2004 2006 2005 $ million ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- Current year tax charge Deferred tax Origination and reversal of temporary differences in the current year Adjustment in respect of prior years ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- Tax included in statement of recognized income and expense ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- This comprises: Currency translation differences Exchange gain on translation of foreign operations transferred to loss on sale of businesses Actuarial gain relating to pensions and other post-retirement beneﬁts Share-based payments Net (gain) loss on revaluation of cash ﬂow hedges Unrealized (gain) loss on available-for-sale ﬁnancial assets Tax included in statement of recognized income and expense ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- 11,199 442 11,641 159 11,800 1,771 (1,240) 531 – 531 12,331 2,657 9,143 11,800 500 31 531 3,157 9,174 12,331 (51) (51) 985 – 985 934 201 – 820 (26) 47 (108) 934 10,511 (977) 9,534 (910) 8,624 349 (450) (101) 950 849 9,473 880 7,744 8,624 (489) 1,338 849 391 9,082 9,473 45 45 309 (95) 214 259 (11) (95) 356 – (63) 72 259 7,217 (308) 6,909 (48) 6,861 138 (74) 64 157 221 7,082 1,839 5,022 6,861 (218) 439 221 1,621 5,461 7,082 23 23 50 – 50 73 208 – (96) (39) – – 73 130 23 Taxation continued Reconciliation of the effective tax rate The following table provides a reconciliation of the UK statutory corporation tax rate to the effective tax rate of the group on proﬁt before taxation from continuing operations. ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- $ million ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- Proﬁt before taxation from continuing operations Tax on proﬁt from continuing operations Effective tax rate UK statutory corporation tax rate Increase (decrease) resulting from UK supplementary and overseas taxes at higher rates Tax reported in equity-accounted entities Adjustments in respect of prior years Restructuring beneﬁts Current year losses unrelieved (prior year losses utilized) Other Effective tax rate Deferred tax liability Depreciation Pension plan surplus Other taxable temporary differences Deferred tax asset Petroleum revenue tax Pension plan and other post-retirement beneﬁt plan deﬁcits Decommissioning, environmental and other provisions Derivative ﬁnancial instruments Tax credit and loss carry forward Other deductible temporary differences 2006 2005 2004 34,642 12,331 31,921 9,473 24,966 7,082 36% 30% 28% % of proﬁt before tax from continuing operations 30 30 30 11 (3) (2) – (1) 1 36 9 (3) (3) (1) (3) 1 30 8 (3) (1) (2) (3) (1) 28 21,463 1,733 4,439 27,635 (457) (1,824) (2,960) (974) (662) (2,642) (9,519) 18,116 16,701 (112) 16,589 (178) (101) 214 (81) 16,443 18,529 957 3,864 23,350 (407) (1,822) (2,033) (807) (253) (1,585) (6,907) 16,443 16,051 – 16,051 358 64 50 178 16,701 16,443 – 16,443 175 531 985 (18) 18,116 1,484 173 417 2,074 4 71 (800) (115) 220 (923) (1,543) 531 (778) 170 887 279 121 220 (144) (629) (245) 297 (380) (101) 492 10 (113) 389 77 92 106 – 6 (606) (325) 64 ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- Deferred tax ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- $ million ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- Income statement 2006 2005 2004 Balance sheet 2006 2005 ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- Net deferred tax liability ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- $ million ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- 2006 2005 2004 ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- Analysis of movements during the year At 1 January Adoption of IAS 32 and 39 Restated Exchange adjustments Charge for the year on ordinary activities Charge for the year in the statement of recognized income and expense Other movements At 31 December ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- Factors that may affect future tax charges The group earns income in many different countries and, on average, pays taxes at rates higher than the UK statutory rate. The overall impact of these higher taxes, which include the supplementary charge on UK North Sea proﬁts, is subject to changes in enacted tax rates and the country mix of the group’s income. The current high oil price environment continues to create conditions that encourage host governments to review their ﬁscal regimes. In 2006 the UK supplementary charge was raised to 20% increasing the group’s effective tax rate by 2%. The impact of the additional one-off deferred tax adjustment relating to this rate change ($460 million) was largely offset by utilization of relieving measures speciﬁcally provided in the legislation. Under IFRS, the results of equity-accounted entities are reported within the group’s proﬁt before taxation on a post-tax basis. The impact of this treatment in 2006 has been to reduce the reported effective tax rate by around 3%. This effect is expected to continue for the foreseeable future assuming similar income levels from the entities. Going forward, the effective tax rate is expected to be around 37%. At 31 December 2006, deferred tax liabilities were recognized for all taxable temporary differences: – Except where the deferred tax liability arises on goodwill that is not tax deductible or the initial recognition of an asset or liability in a transaction that is not a business combination and, at the time of the transaction, affects neither the accounting proﬁt nor taxable proﬁt or loss. – In respect of taxable temporary differences associated with investments in subsidiaries, jointly controlled entities and associates, except where the timing of the reversal of the temporary differences can be controlled by the group and it is probable that the temporary differences will not reverse in the foreseeable future. BP Annual Report and Accounts 2006 131 23 Taxation continued At 31 December 2006, deferred tax assets were recognized for all deductible temporary differences, carry forward of unused tax assets and unused tax losses, to the extent that it is probable that taxable proﬁt will be available against which the deductible temporary differences and the carry forward of unused tax assets and unused tax losses can be utilized: – Except where the deferred income tax asset relating to the deductible temporary difference arises from the initial recognition of an asset or liability in a transaction that is not a business combination and, at the time of the transaction, affects neither the accounting proﬁt nor taxable proﬁt or loss. – In respect of deductible temporary differences associated with investments in subsidiaries, jointly controlled entities and associates, deferred tax assets are only recognized to the extent that it is probable that the temporary differences will reverse in the foreseeable future and taxable proﬁt will be available against which the temporary differences can be utilized. The group has around $4.7 billion (2005 $5.1 billion and 2004 $7.7 billion) of carry-forward tax losses in the UK and Germany, which would be available to offset against future taxable income. These tax losses do not time expire. At the end of 2006, $216 million of deferred tax assets were recognized on these losses (2005 $176 million of assets and 2004 no tax assets were recognized). Tax assets are recognized only to the extent that it is considered more likely than not that suitable taxable income will arise. The group has not recognized any signiﬁcant deferred tax assets in relation to carry forwards of losses in other taxing jurisdictions and this is not expected to have a material effect on the group’s tax rate in future years. At the end of 2006, the group had around $2.0 billion (2005 $1.5 billion) of unused tax credits in the UK and the US, in respect of which no deferred tax assets have been recognized. In 2006, $828 million of tax credits were utilized (2005 $774 million). The major components of temporary differences in the current year are tax depreciation, US inventory holding gains (classiﬁed under other taxable temporary differences) and provisions. 24 Dividends ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- pence per share cents per share $ million ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- 2006 2005 2004 2006 2005 2004 2006 2005 2004 Dividends announced and paid Preference shares Ordinary shares 2 2 2 March June September December 5.288 5.251 5.324 5.241 21.104 4.522 4.450 5.119 5.061 19.152 3.674 3.807 3.860 3.910 15.251 9.375 9.375 9.825 9.825 38.400 8.500 8.500 8.925 8.925 34.850 6.750 6.750 7.100 7.100 27.700 1,922 1,893 1,943 1,926 7,686 1,823 1,808 1,871 1,855 7,359 1,492 1,477 1,536 1,534 6,041 ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- Dividend announced per ordinary share, payable in March 2007 5.258 – – 10.325 – – 1,999 – – The group does not account for dividends until they have been paid. The accounts for the year ended 31 December 2006 do not reﬂect the dividend announced on 6 February 2007 and payable in March 2007; this will be treated as an appropriation of proﬁt in the year ended 31 December 2007. 132 25 Earnings per ordinary share ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- cents per share ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- 2006 2005 2004 109.84 109.00 105.74 104.52 78.24 76.87 Basic earnings per share Diluted earnings per share Basic earnings per ordinary share amounts are calculated by dividing the proﬁt for the year attributable to ordinary shareholders by the weighted average number of ordinary shares outstanding during the year. The average number of shares outstanding excludes treasury shares and the shares held by the Employee Share Ownership Plans. For the diluted earnings per share calculation, the proﬁt attributable to ordinary shareholders is adjusted for the unwinding of the discount on the deferred consideration for the acquisition of our interest in TNK-BP. The weighted average number of shares outstanding during the year is adjusted for the number of shares to be issued for the deferred consideration for the acquisition of our interest in TNK-BP and the number of shares that would be issued on conversion of outstanding share options into ordinary shares using the treasury stock method. ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- $ million ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- Proﬁt from continuing operations attributable to BP shareholders Less dividend requirements on preference shares Proﬁt from continuing operations attributable to BP ordinary shareholders Proﬁt (loss) from discontinued operations ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- Unwinding of discount on deferred consideration for acquisition of investment in TNK-BP (net of tax) Diluted proﬁt for the year attributable to BP ordinary shareholders ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- shares thousand ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- Basic weighted average number of ordinary shares Potential dilutive effect of ordinary shares issuable under employee share schemes Potential dilutive effect of ordinary shares issuable as consideration for BP’s interest in the TNK-BP joint venture ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- 2006 22,025 2 22,023 (25) 21,998 16 22,014 2005 22,157 2 22,155 184 22,339 40 22,379 2004 17,697 2 17,695 (622) 17,073 64 17,137 2006 2005 2004 20,027,527 109,813 21,125,902 87,743 21,820,535 56,985 58,118 20,195,458 197,802 21,411,447 415,016 22,292,536 The number of ordinary shares outstanding at 31 December 2006, excluding treasury shares, was 19,510,496,490. Between the reporting date and the date of completion of these ﬁnancial statements there has been a net decrease of 128,708,405 in the number of ordinary shares outstanding as a result of share buybacks net of share issues. The number of potential ordinary shares issuable through the exercise of employee share options was 111,029,592 at 31 December 2006. There has been a decrease of 25,627,050 in the number of potential ordinary shares between the reporting date and the completion of the ﬁnancial statements. Earnings (loss) per share for the discontinued operations is derived from the net proﬁt (loss) attributable to ordinary shareholders from discontinued operations of $25 million loss (2005 $184 million proﬁt and 2004 $622 million loss), divided by the weighted average number of ordinary shares for both basic and diluted amounts as shown above. BP Annual Report and Accounts 2006 133 ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- 4,442 3,129 118,554 30,642 3,006 12,000 11,211 182,984 17,800 26 Property, plant and equipment ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- $ million ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- Land and land improvements Buildings Plant, machinery and equipment Fixtures, ﬁttings and ofﬁce equipment Transport- ation Oil depots, storage tanks and service stations Of which: assets under construction Total Cost At 1 January 2006 Exchange adjustments Acquisitions Additions Transfersa Reclassiﬁed as assets held for sale Deletions At 31 December 2006 Depreciation At 1 January 2006 Exchange adjustments Charge for the year Impairment losses Impairment reversals Transfersb Reclassiﬁed as assets held for sale Deletions At 31 December 2006 Net book amount at 31 December 2006 Cost At 1 January 2005 Exchange adjustments Acquisitions Additions Transfers Deletions At 31 December 2005 Depreciation At 1 January 2005 Exchange adjustments Charge for the year Impairment losses Transfers Deletions Oil and gas properties 113,474 72 – 11,264 (628) – (5,628) 61,253 54 6,214 4 (340) (887) – (5,048) 107,066 (15) – 8,773 325 (2,675) 57,111 (7) 5,696 266 6 (1,819) 2,835 239 – 381 – (1) (325) 1,437 147 149 5 – – (1) (267) 2,846 (136) 3 191 – (69) 1,419 (60) 143 – – (65) 28,780 1,028 16 2,146 – (842) (486) 13,417 552 1,059 98 – – (325) (173) 42,302 (2,364) – 2,451 – (13,609) 19,556 (916) 1,691 590 – (7,504) 4,576 255 – 81 – (15) (455) 709 15 52 87 – – – (188) 5,471 (387) 19 41 – (568) 863 (17) 79 – – (216) 2,247 138 – 841 (1) – (219) 1,450 107 418 – – (1) – (212) 2,827 (180) 1 383 – (784) 1,859 (67) 399 – – (741) 13,266 27 – 22 – (1) (1,314) 7,104 12 301 1 – – (1) (471) 13,588 (4) – 133 – (451) 7,141 (76) 309 – – (270) 11,235 517 – 918 – (47) (1,412) 176,413 2,276 16 15,653 (629) (906) (9,839) 16,115 137 – 11,560 (9,787) – (225) 5,096 154 718 9 – – (15) (708) 90,466 1,041 8,911 204 (340) (888) (342) (7,067) 12,421 (1,117) – 816 – (885) 186,521 (4,203) 23 12,788 325 (19,041) 15,038 (66) 27 10,467 (8,668) (683) 5,480 (496) 704 42 – (634) 93,429 (1,639) 9,021 898 6 (11,249) ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- 675 3,767 1,470 1,659 61,250 57,304 14,628 16,014 1,762 1,244 6,946 5,054 5,254 5,957 91,985 90,999 17,800 ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- 4,576 2,835 113,474 28,780 2,247 13,266 11,235 176,413 16,115 ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- At 31 December 2005 Net book amount at 31 December 2005 Assets held under ﬁnance leases at net book amount included above At 31 December 2006 At 31 December 2005 709 3,867 1,437 1,398 61,253 52,221 13,417 15,363 1,450 797 7,104 6,162 5,096 6,139 90,466 85,947 16,115 5 8 18 24 42 46 341 315 1 2 9 9 29 35 445 439 Decommissioning asset at net book amount included above ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- Cost Depreciation Net 6,391 5,398 2,558 2,342 3,833 3,056 At 31 December 2006 At 31 December 2005 a Includes $1,087 million transferred to equity-accounted investments. b Includes $890 million transferred to equity-accounted investments. 134 ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- 4,590 2,128 6,718 27 Goodwill ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- $ million ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- 28 Intangible assets ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- $ million ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- Exploration expenditure Other intangibles Exploration expenditure Other intangibles 2006 2005 10,371 524 64 (60) (119) 10,780 – – – – 10,780 11,182 (488) 86 – (409) 10,371 325 59 (384) – 10,371 Cost At 1 January Exchange adjustments Acquisitions Reclassiﬁed as assets held for sale Deletions At 31 December Impairment losses At 1 January Impairment in the year Deletions At 31 December Net book amount at 31 December Cost At 1 January Exchange adjustments Acquisitions Additions Transfersa Deletions At 31 December Amortization At 1 January Exchange adjustments Charge for the year Transfers Impairment losses Deletions 2006 Total 6,401 52 187 1,915 (698) (1,139) 1,629 20 841 (2) 109 (1,125) 4,661 2 – 1,537 (698) (912) 653 – 624 (2) 109 (904) 1,740 50 187 378 – (227) 976 20 217 – – (221) 2005 Total 5,688 (110) – 1,481 (325) (333) 6,401 1,483 (40) 466 (6) – (274) 1,629 4,772 4,311 (66) – 950 (325) (209) 4,661 550 (8) 305 (6) – (188) 653 4,008 1,377 (44) – 531 – (124) 1,740 933 (32) 161 – – (86) 976 764 ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- At 31 December Net book amount at 31 December 480 4,110 992 1,136 1,472 5,246 a Included in transfers of exploration expenditure is $240 million transferred to equity-accounted investments. BP Annual Report and Accounts 2006 135 29 Investments in jointly controlled entities The signiﬁcant jointly controlled entities of the BP group at 31 December 2006 are shown in Note 50. The principal joint venture is the TNK-BP joint venture. Summarized ﬁnancial information for the group’s share of jointly controlled entities is shown below. ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- $ million ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- Sales and other operating revenues Proﬁt before interest and taxation Finance costs and other ﬁnance expense Proﬁt before taxation Taxation Minority interest Proﬁt for the yeara Innovene operations Continuing operations Non-current assets Current assets Total assets Current liabilities Non-current liabilities Total liabilities Minority interest TNK-BP 17,863 4,616 192 4,424 1,467 193 2,764 – 11,243 5,403 16,646 3,594 4,226 7,820 473 Other 6,119 1,218 169 1,049 260 – 789 – 7,612 2,184 9,796 1,272 3,370 4,642 – 2006 Total 23,982 5,834 361 5,473 1,727 193 3,553 – 18,855 7,587 26,442 4,866 7,596 12,462 473 TNK-BP 15,122 3,817 128 3,689 976 104 2,609 – 2,609 11,564 4,278 15,842 3,617 3,553 7,170 583 8,089 Other 4,255 779 104 675 220 – 455 19 474 6,310 1,682 7,992 914 2,550 3,464 – 4,528 2005 Total 19,377 4,596 232 4,364 1,196 104 3,064 19 3,083 17,874 5,960 23,834 4,531 6,103 10,634 583 12,617 ---------- ------------------ ------------------ ------------------ ------------------ ------------------ ---------------- -------- ------------------ ------------------- ------------------ ------------------ ------------------ ----------------- ---------- ------------------ ------------------ ------------------ ------------------ ------------------ ---------------- -------- ------------------ ------------------- ------------------ ------------------ ------------------ ----------------- ---------- ------------------ ------------------ ------------------ ------------------ ------------------ ---------------- -------- ------------------ ------------------- ------------------ ------------------ ------------------ ----------------- ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- 2,764 789 3,553 TNK-BP 7,839 2,421 101 2,320 675 43 1,602 – 1,602 Other 2,225 586 69 517 314 – 203 13 216 2004 Total 10,064 3,007 170 2,837 989 43 1,805 13 1,818 ---------- ------------------ ------------------ ------------------ ------------------ ------------------ ---------------- -------- ------------------ ------------------- ------------------ ------------------ ------------------ ----------------- 8,353 5,154 13,507 Group investment in jointly controlled entities Group share of net assets (as above)b Loans made by group companies to jointly 8,353 5,154 13,507 8,089 4,528 12,617 controlled entities ---------- ------------------ ------------------ ------------------ ------------------ ------------------ ---------------- -------- ------------------ ------------------- ------------------ ------------------ ------------------ ----------------- – 1,567 1,567 8,353 6,721 15,074 – 8,089 939 5,467 939 13,556 a BP’s share of the profit of TNK-BP in 2006 includes a net gain of $892 million (2005 $270 million) on the disposal of certain assets. b Total includes BP’s share of retained earnings of $2,752 million (2005 $2,242 million). In 2004, BP agreed with the Alfa Group and Access-Renova (AAR), its partner in the TNK-BP joint venture, to incorporate AAR’s 50% interest in Slavneft into TNK-BP in return for $1,418 million in cash (which was subsequently reduced by receipt of pre-acquisition dividends of $64 million to $1,354 million). BP Solvay Polyethylene Europe became a subsidiary with effect from 2 November 2004. See Note 4 for further information. In 2005, it was sold as part of the Innovene operations. During 2004, BP China and Sinopec announced the establishment of the BP-Sinopec (Zhejiang) Petroleum Co. Ltd, a retail joint venture between BP and Sinopec. Based on the existing service station network of Sinopec, the joint venture will build, operate and manage a network of 500 service stations in Hangzhou, Ningbo and Shaoxing. Also during 2004, BP China and PetroChina announced the establishment of BP-PetroChina Petroleum Company Ltd. Located in Guangdong, one of the most developed provinces in China, the joint venture will acquire, build, operate and manage 500 service stations in the province. The initial investment in both joint ventures amounted to $106 million. Transactions between the signiﬁcant jointly controlled entities and the group are summarized below. In addition to the amount receivable at 31 December 2005 shown below, a further $771 million was receivable from TNK-BP in respect of dividends: there was no dividend receivable at 31 December 2006. Sales to jointly controlled entities ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- 2006 Amount receivable at 31 December 2005 Amount receivable at 31 December $ million 2004 Amount receivable at 31 December ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- Product Sales Sales Sales Atlantic 4 Holdings Atlantic LNG 2/3 Company of Trinidad and Tobago BP Solvay Polyethylene Europea Pan American Energy Ruhr Oel TNK-BP LNG LNG Chemicals feedstocks Crude oil Employee services Employee services 227 1,123 – 389 330 189 35 99 – – 597 99 – 1,157 – 75 169 125 – – – 2 527 14 – 532 230 118 192 49 – – – 4 780 – a The 2004 sales to BP Solvay Polyethylene Europe shown above relate to the period to 2 November 2004. 136 29 Investments in jointly controlled entities continued Purchases from jointly controlled entities ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- 2006 2005 Amount payable at Amount payable at $ million 2004 Amount payable at 31 December ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- Product Purchases 31 December Purchases 31 December Purchases Atlantic LNG 2/3 Company of Trinidad and Tobago Plant processing fee/ natural gas Crude oil Reﬁnery operating costs Crude oil and oil products 254 4 758 2,662 – 2 32 85 190 661 384 908 – 81 134 17 120 481 477 1,809 – 43 249 80 Pan American Energy Ruhr Oel TNK-BP 30 Investments in associates The signiﬁcant associates of the group are shown in Note 50. Summarized ﬁnancial information for the group’s share of associates is set out below. ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- $ million ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Sales and other operating revenues Proﬁt before interest and taxation Finance costs and other ﬁnance expense Proﬁt before taxation Taxation Proﬁt for the year Innovene operations Continuing operations Non-current assets Current assets Total assets Current liabilities Non-current liabilities Total liabilities Net assets Group investment in associates Group share of net assets (as above)a Loans made by group companies to associates 2004 5,509 632 48 584 121 463 (1) 462 2006 8,792 669 63 606 164 442 – 442 6,573 2,294 8,867 2,029 2,600 4,629 4,238 4,238 1,737 2005 6,879 665 57 608 143 465 (5) 460 5,514 2,248 7,762 1,755 2,037 3,792 3,970 3,970 2,247 6,217 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- a Includes BP’s share of retained earnings of $480 million (2005 $696 million). 5,975 BP Solvay Polyethylene North America became a subsidiary with effect from 2 November 2004. See Note 4 for further information. In 2005, it was sold as part of the Innovene operations. Transactions between the signiﬁcant associates and the group are summarized below. Sales to associates ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- 2006 Amount receivable at 31 December 2005 Amount receivable at 31 December $ million 2004 Amount receivable at 31 December ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- Product Sales Sales Sales Atlantic LNG Company of Trinidad and Tobago The Baku-Tbilisi-Ceyhan Pipeline Co BP Solvay Polyethylene North Americaa LNG Crude oil/employee services Chemicals feedstocks 635 112 – 62 579 4 – 99 – – 3 – 414 46 217 – 3 – Purchases from associates ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- 2006 2005 Amount payable at Amount payable at 31 December Purchases $ million 2004 Amount payable at 31 December Product Purchases Crude oil Crude oil Crude oil Chemicals feedstocks 866 1,547 155 – 31 December Purchases 1,355 2,260 – – 91 145 – – 164 214 – – 866 1,547 – 9 91 145 – – Abu Dhabi Marine Areas Abu Dhabi Petroleum Co. The Baku-Tbilisi-Ceyhan Pipeline Co BP Solvay Polyethylene North Americaa ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- a The 2004 BP Solvay Polyethylene North America sales and purchases shown above relate to the period to 2 November 2004. BP Annual Report and Accounts 2006 137 31 Other investments ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- $ million ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- Other investments comprise equity investments that have no ﬁxed maturity date or coupon rate. These investments are classiﬁed as available-for-sale ﬁnancial assets and as such are recorded at fair value with the gain or loss arising as a result of changes in fair value recorded directly in equity. The fair value of listed investments has been determined by reference to quoted market bid prices. Unlisted investments are stated at cost less accumulated impairment losses. The table below shows other investments stated at cost. ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- $ million ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- Listed Unlisted At cost Listed Unlisted ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- During 2006, the group sold its interests in Zhenhai Reﬁning and Chemicals Company, Eiffage, the French-based construction company, and Enagas, the Spanish gas transport grid operator, for aggregate proceeds of $0.8 billion, recognizing gains of $0.5 billion. Also in 2006, the group acquired a stake in Rosneft for $1 billion. In 2004, the group disposed of its interests in PetroChina and Sinopec for aggregate proceeds of $2.4 billion and recognized gains of $1.3 billion. 32 Inventories ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- $ million ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- Crude oil Natural gas Reﬁned petroleum and petrochemical products Supplies Trading inventories ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- 2006 1,516 181 1,697 2005 830 137 967 2006 2005 1,056 219 1,275 250 173 423 2006 5,357 127 10,817 16,301 1,222 17,523 1,392 2005 5,457 164 10,700 16,321 919 17,240 2,520 19,760 163,026 Cost of inventories expensed in the income statement 18,915 187,183 138 33 Trade and other receivables ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- $ million ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- Current Non-current Current Non-current 2006 – – – 862 32,656 635 267 5,134 38,692 862 33,565 1,345 186 5,806 40,902 2005 – – – 770 770 2005 Trade Jointly controlled entities Associates Other ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- $ million ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- Other currencies ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- Other currencies US dollar US dollar Sterling Sterling Total Euro Total Euro Functional currency Currency of denomination 2006 Currency of denomination US dollar Sterling Euro Other currencies – 376 692 248 1,217 – 7 1 123 1,652 – 1 5,286 39 1 – 6,626 2,067 700 250 1,316 1,225 1,776 5,326 9,643 – 404 1,496 458 2,358 1,111 – 1 1 1,113 354 453 – 1 808 6,045 15 948 – 7,008 7,510 872 2,445 460 11,287 ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- Trade and other receivables of the group at 31 December have the maturities shown below. ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- $ million ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- Within one year 1 to 2 years 2 to 3 years 3 to 4 years 4 to 5 years Over 5 years At 1 January Exchange adjustments Charge for the year Utilization At 31 December 2006 38,692 187 86 82 76 431 39,554 2005 40,902 129 82 56 51 452 41,672 2006 374 32 158 (143) 421 2005 526 (30) 67 (189) 374 2006 2005 2,052 1,594 29 509 2,590 73 1,293 2,960 ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- The movement in the valuation allowance for trade receivables is set out below. ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- $ million ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- The carrying amounts of Trade and other receivables approximate their fair value. Trade and other receivables are predominantly non-interest bearing. 34 Cash and cash equivalents ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- $ million ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- Cash at bank and in hand Cash equivalents Listed Unlisted Carrying amount at 31 December ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- Cash equivalents are classiﬁed as available-for-sale ﬁnancial assets and as such are recorded at fair value. Cash and cash equivalents at 31 December 2006 includes $773 million which is restricted. This relates principally to amounts on deposit to cover trading positions on trading exchanges. BP Annual Report and Accounts 2006 139 35 Trade and other payables ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- $ million ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- Current Non-current Current Non-current 2006 – – – 899 – 531 28,614 251 627 763 78 11,803 42,136 28,319 87 305 852 59 12,614 42,236 1,430 2005 – – – 1,281 – 654 1,935 2005 ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- $ million ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- Other currencies ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- Other currencies US dollar US dollar Sterling Sterling Total Euro Total Euro Functional currency Currency of denomination 2006 Currency of denomination ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- – 396 185 322 1,476 – 2 4 165 507 – 8 5,818 – 1 – 7,459 903 188 334 903 1,482 680 5,819 8,884 – 133 611 339 1,083 1,802 – 4 12 1,818 157 306 – 38 501 6,640 – 17 – 6,657 8,599 439 632 389 10,059 Trade and other payables of the group at 31 December 2006 have the maturities shown below. ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- $ million ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- Trade Jointly controlled entities Associates Production and similar taxes Social security Other US dollar Sterling Euro Other currencies Within one year 1 to 2 years 2 to 3 years 3 to 4 years 4 to 5 years Over 5 years ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- The carrying amounts of Trade and other payables approximate their fair value. Included within Other payables for 2005 was the deferred consideration for the acquisition of our interest in TNK-BP, which was discounted on initial recognition. The remaining Trade and other payables are predominantly interest free. 140 2006 42,236 269 215 153 184 609 43,666 2005 42,136 276 211 182 179 1,087 44,071 36 Derivative ﬁnancial instruments An outline of the group’s ﬁnancial risks and the policies and objectives pursued in relation to those risks is set out in the quantitative and qualitative disclosures about market risk section on pages 61-64. This note contains the disclosures required by IAS 32 for derivative ﬁnancial instruments. IAS 39 prescribes strict criteria for hedge accounting, whether as a cash ﬂow or fair value hedge, and requires that any derivative that does not meet these criteria should be classiﬁed as held for trading and fair valued. BP adopted IAS 32 and IAS 39 with effect from 1 January 2005 without restating prior periods’ ﬁnancial information. Consequently, the group’s accounting policy under UK GAAP has been used for 2004. The policy under UK GAAP and the disclosures required by UK GAAP for derivative ﬁnancial instruments are shown in Note 37. In the normal course of business the group is a party to derivative ﬁnancial instruments (derivatives) to manage its normal business exposures in relation to commodity prices, foreign currency exchange rates and interest rates, including management of the balance between ﬂoating rate and ﬁxed rate debt consistent with risk management policies and objectives. Additionally, the group has a well-established trading activity that is undertaken in conjunction with each of these activities using a similar range of contracts. The fair value of derivative ﬁnancial instruments at 31 December are set out below. ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- $ million ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- Contractual or notional amounts Contractual or notional amounts Contractual or notional amounts Contractual or notional amounts Fair value liability Fair value liability ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- Fair value asset Fair value asset 2006 2005 Derivatives held for trading Currency derivatives Oil derivatives Natural gas derivatives Power derivatives Other derivatives Embedded derivatives Natural gas and LNG contracts Interest rate contracts Cash ﬂow hedges Currency forwards, futures and swaps Currency options Commodity futures Fair value hedges Currency forwards, futures and swaps Interest rate swaps Of which – current – non-current ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- 137 2,664 6,558 3,232 113 12,704 6,820 57,600 139,961 22,250 499 227,130 (32) (2,368) (5,703) (3,190) – 3,923 59,524 107,145 25,859 – (11,293) 196,451 41 2,765 6,836 3,341 – 12,983 634 56,394 148,794 25,793 – 231,615 107 – 107 205 14 – 219 228 33 261 107 219 – 219 2,223 2,677 – 4,900 3,865 1,688 5,553 394 (2,171) (26) (2,197) 11,810 150 11,960 (33) – – (33) (13) (91) (104) – 1,274 – – 1,274 598 4,397 4,995 – 13,398 238,196 (13,627) 214,680 10,373 3,025 (9,424) (4,203) 4,620 – 4,620 666 693 274 1,633 2,566 324 2,890 346 241,104 587 – 587 34 – 57 91 222 19 241 63 13,965 10,056 3,909 1,687 52,524 128,330 26,618 – 209,159 8,563 150 8,713 3,100 1,470 – 4,570 1,967 7,521 9,488 – 231,930 (18) (2,826) (6,307) (3,158) – (12,309) (3,098) (30) (3,128) (94) (35) – (129) (124) (217) (341) – (15,907) (10,036) (5,871) ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- Hedges of net investments in foreign entities ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- The fair values of embedded derivatives are included within non-current and current derivative ﬁnancial instruments on the group balance sheet as this is believed to be the most appropriate presentation. Previously, these balances were reported within non-current and current prepayments and accrued income and accruals and deferred income. The comparative ﬁgures have been restated to conform with the 2006 presentation. Derivatives held for trading The group maintains active trading positions in a variety of derivatives. This activity is undertaken in conjunction with risk management activities. Derivatives held for trading purposes are recognized at fair value and changes in fair value recognized in the income statement. Trading activities are undertaken by using a range of contract types in combination to create incremental gains by arbitraging prices between markets, locations and time periods. The net of these exposures is monitored using market value-at-risk techniques described in the section on market risk exposure. BP Annual Report and Accounts 2006 141 36 Derivative ﬁnancial instruments continued The following tables show the fair value of derivatives and other ﬁnancial instruments held for trading purposes. The fair values at the year end are not materially unrepresentative of the position throughout the year. Changes during the year in the net fair value of derivatives held for trading purposes were as follows. ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- $ million ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- Currency Oil price Natural gas price Power price Fair value of contracts at 1 January 2006 Contracts realized or settled in the year Fair value of options at inception Fair value of other new contracts entered into during the year Change in fair value due to changes in valuation techniques or key assumptions Other changes in fair values relating to price Exchange adjustments Fair value of contracts at 31 December 2006 Fair value of contracts at 1 January 2005 Contracts realized or settled in the year Fair value of options at inception Fair value of other new contracts entered into during the year Other changes in fair values relating to price Fair value of contracts at 31 December 2005 23 (16) – – – 98 – (54) 23 – – 54 23 (61) 85 36 – 1 231 4 Oil price (171) 175 (73) – 8 (61) 529 (327) 247 2 – 421 (17) 558 (735) (65) 24 747 529 183 (37) (70) 1 – (22) (13) 177 76 (9) 10 (71) 183 Other – (106) 45 – – 174 – – – – – – – ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- 105 296 855 42 113 ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- $ million ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- Currency Natural gas price Power price Other ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- If at inception of a contract the valuation cannot be supported by observable market data, any gain or loss determined by the valuation methodology is not recognized in the income statement but is deferred on the balance sheet and commonly known as ‘day one proﬁt’. When all of the remaining contracts can be valued using observable market data this gain or loss is recognized in income. Changes in valuation from this initial valuation are recognized immediately through income. The following table shows the change in the associated fair value of assets and liabilities. ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- $ million ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- 2006 2005 ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- Fair value of contracts not recognized through the income statement at 1 January Fair value of new contracts at inception not recognized in the income statement Fair value recycled into the income statement Fair value of contracts not recognized through proﬁt at 31 December ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- gas price Power price Power price Natural (39) (2) 5 (10) (1) 11 Natural gas price (15) (24) – (39) – (10) – (10) (36) – Derivative assets held for trading have the following fair values, contractual or notional values and maturities. ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- $ million ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- 2006 ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- Less than 1 year 1-2 years 2-3 years 3-4 years 4-5 years Total Over 5 years Currency derivatives Fair value Notional value Oil price derivatives Fair value Notional value Natural gas price derivatives Fair value Notional value Power price derivatives Fair value Notional value Other derivatives Fair value Notional value Total derivative assets held for trading Fair value Notional value 142 117 6,338 2,520 52,591 4,532 81,102 2,845 16,063 64 213 – 75 116 4,736 919 33,499 274 4,999 26 149 12 241 20 210 374 9,837 86 1,171 23 137 3 89 7 62 2 54 1 1 3 23 – – 137 6,820 2,664 57,600 166 5,186 114 3,396 453 6,941 6,558 139,961 27 17 – – – – – – – – – – 3,232 22,250 113 499 10,078 156,307 1,335 43,458 515 11,596 203 5,354 117 3,451 456 6,964 12,704 227,130 36 Derivative ﬁnancial instruments continued ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- $ million ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- 2005 ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- Less than 1 year 1-2 years 2-3 years 3-4 years 4-5 years Total Over 5 years Currency derivatives Fair value Notional value Oil price derivatives Fair value Notional value Natural gas price derivatives Fair value Notional value Power price derivatives Fair value Notional value Total derivative assets held for trading Fair value Notional value 28 358 6 73 2,476 52,260 225 3,378 4,509 113,897 1,194 17,562 2,474 19,156 594 5,049 1 51 37 676 528 8,560 119 857 9,487 185,671 2,019 26,062 685 10,144 1 28 19 45 292 4,021 143 535 455 4,629 1 32 8 35 125 2,068 11 196 145 2,331 4 92 – – 41 634 2,765 56,394 188 2,686 6,836 148,794 – – 3,341 25,793 192 2,778 12,983 231,615 Derivative liabilities held for trading have the following fair values, contractual or notional values and maturities. ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- $ million ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- 2006 ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- Less than 1 year 1-2 years 2-3 years 3-4 years 4-5 years Total Over 5 years Currency derivatives Fair value Notional value Oil price derivatives Fair value Notional value Natural gas price derivatives Fair value Notional value Power price derivatives Fair value Notional value Total derivative liabilities held for trading Fair value Notional value (8) 3,183 (7) 204 (2,230) 55,488 (89) 3,541 (3,931) 63,593 (875) 25,962 (2,777) 20,086 (289) 4,457 (8,946) 142,350 (1,260) 34,164 (12) 214 (29) 363 (273) 7,710 (98) 1,299 (412) 9,586 (2) 92 (19) 111 (2) 56 (1) 21 (1) 174 (32) 3,923 – – (2,368) 59,524 (109) 3,059 (86) 1,591 (429) 5,230 (5,703) 107,145 (26) 17 – – – – (3,190) 25,859 (156) 3,279 (89) 1,668 (430) 5,404 (11,293) 196,451 ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- $ million ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- 2005 ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- Less than 1 year 1-2 years 2-3 years 3-4 years 4-5 years Total Over 5 years Currency derivatives Fair value Notional value Oil price derivatives Fair value Notional value Natural gas price derivatives Fair value Notional value Power price derivatives Fair value Notional value Total derivative liabilities held for trading Fair value Notional value (12) 1,013 (4) 177 (2,486) 49,732 (275) 2,276 (1) 119 (26) 446 (1) 170 (20) 35 – 67 (19) 35 – 141 – – (18) 1,687 (2,826) 52,524 (3,967) 90,916 (1,319) 25,269 (591) 6,457 (187) 2,903 (89) 1,577 (154) 1,208 (6,307) 128,330 (2,459) 20,030 (557) 4,990 (59) 778 (70) 625 (13) 195 – – (3,158) 26,618 (8,924) 161,691 (2,155) 32,712 (677) 7,800 (278) 3,733 (121) 1,874 (154) 1,349 (12,309) 209,159 BP Annual Report and Accounts 2006 143 36 Derivative ﬁnancial instruments continued The following tables show the net fair value of derivatives held for trading at 31 December analysed by maturity period and by methodology of fair value estimation. ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- $ million ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- 2006 ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- Prices actively quoted Prices sourced from observable data or market corroboration Prices based on models and other valuation methods 1-2 years 2-3 years 3-4 years 4-5 years 62 29 (14) 60 54 (12) 33 19 (6) – 36 (8) ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- $ million ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- 2005 1,132 77 102 46 28 26 1,411 ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- Prices actively quoted Prices sourced from observable data or market corroboration Prices based on models and other valuation methods ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- Over 5 years 2 4 20 Over 5 years (8) – 46 38 Total 348 1,053 10 Total (73) 620 127 674 1-2 years 2-3 years 3-4 years 4-5 years (86) (48) (2) (136) 46 (41) 3 8 42 60 75 177 33 (11) 2 24 Less than 1 year 191 911 30 Less than 1 year (100) 660 3 563 Prices actively quoted refers to the fair value of contracts valued solely using quoted prices in an active market. Prices sourced from observable data or market corroboration refers to the fair value of contracts valued in part using active quotes and in part using observable, market-corroborated data for example, swaps and physical forward contracts. Prices based on models and other valuation methods refers to the fair value of a contract valued in part using internal models due to the absence of quoted prices, including over-the-counter options. The net change in fair value of contracts based on models and other valuation methods during the year was a loss of $117 million (2005 $130 million gain). Credit risk Credit risk is the risk that the counterparty to the contract will fail to perform or fail to pay amounts due. The primary activities of the group are oil and natural gas exploration and production, gas and power marketing and trading, oil reﬁning and marketing and the manufacture and marketing of petrochemicals. The group’s principal customers, suppliers and ﬁnancial institutions with which it conducts business are located throughout the world. The group has a credit policy that governs the management of credit risk, including the establishment of counterparty credit limits and speciﬁc transaction approvals. The group limits credit risk by assessing creditworthiness of potential counterparties before entering into transactions with them and continuing to evaluate their creditworthiness after transactions have been initiated. Creditworthiness is assessed using Moody’s Investors Service, Standard & Poor’s and qualitative and quantitative data. The group attempts to mitigate credit risk by entering into contracts that permit netting and allow for termination of the contract upon the occurrence of certain events of default. Depending upon the creditworthiness of the counterparty, the group may require collateral in the form of cash deposits or letters of credit and parent company guarantees. The maximum exposure of the group to credit risk is represented by the balance sheet carrying amount for all ﬁnancial instruments within the scope of IAS 32, principally derivative ﬁnancial instruments, trade and other receivables and ﬁnancial guarantees. Financial guarantees in respect of equity-accounted entities were $1,123 million and ﬁnancial guarantees in respect of third parties were $789 million at 31 December 2006. The maximum exposure to credit risk does not take account of collateral of $689 million. Trade and other derivative assets and liabilities are presented on a net basis where netting arrangements are in place with counterparties are unconditional and where there is an intent to settle amounts due on a net basis Market risk The group measures its market risk exposure, i.e. potential gain or loss in fair values, on its held-for-trading activity using value-at-risk techniques. These techniques are based on a variance/covariance model or a Monte Carlo simulation and make a statistical assessment of the market risk arising from possible future changes in market values over a 24-hour period. The calculation of the range of potential changes in fair value takes into account a snapshot of the end-of-day exposures and the history of one-day price movements, together with the correlation of these price movements. The group calculates value at risk for the bulk of instruments and exposures in the held-for-trading category, other than the UK North Sea natural gas embedded derivatives, for which a sensitivity analysis is calculated. The potential movement in fair values is expressed to 1.65 standard deviations which is equivalent to a 95% conﬁdence level. This means that, in broad terms, one would expect to see an increase or a decrease in fair values greater than the value at risk on one occasion per month if the portfolio were left unchanged. The value-at-risk model takes account of derivative ﬁnancial instrument types such as interest rate forward and futures contracts, swap agreements, options and swaptions; foreign exchange forward and futures contracts, swap agreements and options, and oil, natural gas and power price futures, swap agreements and options. Additionally, where physical commodities are held as part of a trading position, they are also included in these calculations. For options, a linear approximation is included in the value-at-risk models, when full revaluation is not possible. The following table shows values at risk for the held-for-trading activities described above. Value at risk on 1.65 standard deviations ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- 2006 $ million 2005 ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- High Low Average Year end High Low Average Year end 1 5 56 29 11 – – 16 10 2 1 2 29 19 6 – – 22 15 3 1 5 80 39 16 – 1 17 6 2 – 2 33 15 7 – 1 31 17 9 Interest rate trading Currency trading Oil price trading Natural gas price trading Power price trading 144 36 Derivative ﬁnancial instruments continued Gains and losses relating to derivative contracts are included within sales and other operating revenues in the income statement. The contract types treated in this way include futures, options, swaps and certain forward sales and purchase contracts where delivery is routinely obviated by the purchase or sale of offsetting contracts. Also included within sales and other operating revenues are gains and losses on inventory held for trading purposes and the change in fair value of derivative contracts which have been determined to be not for trading purposes but are required to be fair valued. The total amount relating to these items was a gain of $2,842 million (2005 $838 million gain and 2004 $1,216 million gain). Derivative assets held for trading denominated in currencies other than the functional currency of individual operating units are summarized below. ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- $ million ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- 2006 Currency of denomination 2005 Currency of denomination ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- Other currencies ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- Other currencies US dollar US dollar Sterling Sterling Total Euro Total Euro Functional currency US dollar Sterling ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- – 198 55 – – 2,227 244 1 299 2,426 198 55 2,227 245 2,725 137 – 137 – 1,504 1,504 141 1,504 1,645 Derivative liabilities held for trading denominated in currencies other than the functional currency of individual operating units are summarized below. ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- $ million ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- 2006 Currency of denomination 2005 Currency of denomination ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- Other currencies ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- Other currencies US dollar US dollar Sterling Sterling Total Euro Total Euro Functional currency US dollar Sterling ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- – (18) (59) – – (2,383) (276) – (335) (2,401) (18) (59) (2,383) (276) (2,736) (110) – (110) – (1,523) (1,523) (110) (1,523) (1,633) 4 – 4 – – – – – – – – – Embedded derivatives Prior to the development of an active gas trading market, UK gas contracts were priced using a basket of available price indices, primarily relating to oil products. After the development of an active UK gas market, certain contracts were entered into or renegotiated using pricing formulae not directly related to gas prices, for example, oil product and power prices. In these circumstances, pricing formulae have been determined to be derivatives, embedded within the overall contractual arrangements that are not clearly and closely related to the underlying commodity. The resulting fair value relating to these contracts is recognized on the balance sheet with gains or losses recognized in the income statement. These contracts are valued using price curves for each of the different products that are built up from active market pricing data and extrapolated to 2018 using the maximum available external pricing information. Additionally, where limited data exists for certain products, prices are interpolated using historic and long-term pricing relationships. The following table shows the changes during the year in the net fair value of embedded derivatives. ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- $ million ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- Fair value of contracts at 1 January Contracts realized or settled in the year Other changes in fair values relating to price Exchange adjustments Fair value of contracts at 31 December ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- Embedded derivative assets have the following fair values, contractual or notional values and maturities. ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- $ million ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- 2006 ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- Natural gas and LNG embedded derivatives Less than 1 year 1-2 years 2-3 years 3-4 years 4-5 years Total Over 5 years Fair value Notional value 49 119 58 100 – – – – – – – – 107 219 BP Annual Report and Accounts 2006 145 Natural gas and LNG price (2,511) 762 21 (336) 2006 Interest rate (30) – 4 – Natural gas and LNG price (659) 138 (2,287) 297 (2,511) 2005 Interest rate (17) – (13) – (30) (2,064) (26) 36 Derivative ﬁnancial instruments continued ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- $ million ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- 2005 ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- Natural gas and LNG embedded derivatives Less than 1 year 1-2 years 2-3 years 3-4 years 4-5 years Total Over 5 years Fair value Notional value 330 425 176 484 76 465 5 450 – 429 – 2,367 587 4,620 Embedded derivative liabilities have the following fair values, contractual or notional values and maturities. ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- $ million ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- 2006 ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- Natural gas and LNG embedded derivatives Less than 1 year 1-2 years 2-3 years 3-4 years 4-5 years Total Over 5 years Fair value Notional value Interest rate embedded derivatives Fair value Notional value (444) 1,352 (433) 1,229 (320) 1,279 (218) 1,278 (186) 1,249 (570) 5,423 (2,171) 11,810 – – (26) 150 – – – – – – – – (26) 150 ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- $ million ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- 2005 ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- Natural gas and LNG embedded derivatives Less than 1 year 1-2 years 2-3 years 3-4 years 4-5 years Total Over 5 years Fair value Notional value Interest rate embedded derivatives Fair value Notional value (953) 740 (703) 870 (472) 1,097 (237) 832 (180) 767 (553) 4,257 (3,098) 8,563 – – – – (30) 150 – – – – – – (30) 150 The following tables show the net fair value of embedded derivatives at 31 December analysed by maturity period and by methodology of fair value estimation. ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- $ million ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- 2006 ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- 1-2 years 2-3 years 3-4 years 4-5 years – 58 (459) – – (320) – – (218) – – (186) Over 5 years – – (570) Total – 107 (2,197) Prices actively quoted Prices sourced from observable data or market corroboration Prices based on models and other valuation methods ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- $ million ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- 2005 (395) (401) (320) (218) (186) (570) (2,090) ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- 1-2 years 2-3 years 3-4 years 4-5 years – 28 (542) (514) – – (426) (426) – – (231) (231) – – (182) (182) Over 5 years – – (565) (565) Total – 79 (2,620) (2,541) Prices actively quoted Prices sourced from observable data or market corroboration Prices based on models and other valuation methods Less than 1 year – 49 (444) Less than 1 year – 51 (674) (623) ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- The net change in fair value of contracts based on models and other valuation methods during the year is a gain of $423 million (2005 loss of $1,773 million). Sensitivity analysis Detailed below for the natural gas embedded derivatives is a sensitivity of the fair value to immediate 10% favourable and adverse changes in the key assumptions. ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- At 31 December 2006 At 31 December 2005 2 to 12 years 4,968 million therms 3 to 13 years 8,220 million therms 4.5% 4.5% $(2,171) million $(2,590) million Remaining contract terms Contractual / notional amount Discount rate – nominal risk free Fair value asset (liability) 146 36 Derivative ﬁnancial instruments continued The reduction in notional contract gas volumes compared to 2005 was in part due to deliveries during the year but additionally due to the termination of a contract to supply 1,822 million therms from 2008-2018. ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- $ million ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- Gas oil and ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- Gas price fuel oil price Power price 2006 Discount rate Gas price Gas oil and fuel oil price Power price 2005 Discount rate Favourable 10% change Unfavourable 10% change 332 (341) 7 (7) 45 (41) 31 (32) 408 (427) 30 (45) (63) 58 34 (34) These sensitivities are hypothetical and should not be considered to be predictive of future performance. Changes in fair value generally cannot be extrapolated because the relationship of change in assumption to change in fair value may not be linear. Also, in this table, the effect of a variation in a particular assumption on the fair value of the embedded derivatives is calculated independently of any change in another assumption. In reality, changes in one factor may contribute to changes in another, which may magnify or counteract the sensitivities. Furthermore, the estimated fair values as disclosed should not be considered indicative of future earnings on these contracts. The fair value gain (loss) on embedded derivatives is shown below. ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- $ million ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- Natural gas and LNG embedded derivatives Interest rate embedded derivatives Fair value gain (loss) ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- 2006 604 4 608 2005 (2,034) (13) (2,047) The fair value gain (loss) in the above table includes $179 million of exchange losses (2005 $115 million of exchange gains) arising on transactions which are denominated in a currency other than the functional currency of an individual operating unit. Embedded derivative liabilities denominated in currencies other than the functional currency of individual operating units are summarized below. ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- $ million ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- 2006 Currency of denomination 2005 Currency of denomination ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- Other currencies ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- Other currencies US dollar US dollar Sterling Sterling Total Euro Total Euro Functional currency US dollar – (1,003) – – (1,003) – – – – – Cash ﬂow hedges At 31 December, the group held forward currency contracts, cylinders and options which were being used to hedge the foreign currency risk of highly probable transactions. The effective portion of the change in fair value of the hedging instrument is recognized directly in equity, whilst the ineffective portion is recognized in proﬁt or loss. When the hedged transaction occurs, the gain or loss on the hedging instrument is transferred out of equity to either proﬁt or loss or the carrying value of assets, as appropriate. If the forecast transaction is no longer expected to occur, the gain or loss previously recognized in equity is transferred to proﬁt or loss. The hedges were assessed to be highly effective. An analysis of the changes in net fair value is shown below. ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- $ million ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- Fair value of cash ﬂow hedges at 1 January Change in fair value during the year Fair value recognized in income statement during the year Fair value on capital expenditure hedging recycled into carrying value of assets during the year Fair value of cash ﬂow hedges at 31 December ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- 2006 (38) 398 (168) (6) 186 2005 198 (191) (8) (37) (38) The forward currency contracts and cylinders primarily cover the purchase of sterling and euros for US dollars, with 85% of such contracts due to mature within the next year. Fair value hedges At 31 December, the group held interest rate and currency swap contracts as fair value hedges of the interest rate risk on ﬁxed rate debt issued by the group. These hedges were assessed to be highly effective. The interest rate and currency swaps have an average maturity of 2 to 3 years, and are used to convert sterling, euro, Swiss franc and Australian dollar denominated borrowings into US dollar ﬂoating rate debt. Hedges of net investments in foreign entities At 31 December, the group held currency swap contracts as a hedge of a long-term investment in a UK subsidiary. The hedge was assessed to be highly effective. At 31 December 2006, the hedge had a fair value of $107 million (2005 $63 million) and the gain on the hedge recognized in equity was $105 million (2005 $58 million). US dollars have been sold forward for sterling purchased, with a maturity of 2 to 3 years. BP Annual Report and Accounts 2006 147 37 Derivative ﬁnancial instruments (UK GAAP) The following information for 2004 shows certain disclosures required by UK GAAP (FRS 13 ‘Derivatives and other Financial Instruments: Disclosures’). The group uses derivative ﬁnancial instruments (derivatives) to manage certain exposures to ﬂuctuations in foreign currency exchange rates and interest rates and to manage some of its margin exposure from changes in oil, natural gas and power prices. Derivatives are also traded in conjunction with these risk management activities. The purpose for which a derivative contract is used is identiﬁed at inception. To qualify as a derivative for risk management, the contract must be in accordance with established guidelines that ensure it is effective in achieving its objective. All contracts not identiﬁed at inception as being for the purpose of risk management are designated as being held for trading purposes and accounted for using the fair value method, as are all oil price derivatives. The group accounts for derivatives using the following methods: Fair value method Derivatives are carried on the balance sheet at fair value (‘marked-to-market’), with changes in that value recognized in earnings of the period. This method is used for all derivatives that are held for trading purposes. Interest rate contracts traded by the group include futures, swaps, options and swaptions. Foreign exchange contracts traded include forwards and options. Oil, natural gas and power price contracts traded include swaps, options and futures. Accrual method Amounts payable or receivable in respect of derivatives are recognized ratably in earnings over the period of the contracts. This method is used for derivatives held to manage interest rate risk. These are principally swap agreements used to manage the balance between ﬁxed and ﬂoating interest rates on long-term ﬁnance debt. Other derivatives held for this purpose may include swaptions and futures contracts. Amounts payable or receivable in respect of these derivatives are recognized as adjustments to interest expense over the period of the contracts. Changes in the derivative’s fair value are not recognized. Deferral method Gains and losses from derivatives are deferred and recognized in earnings or as adjustments to carrying amounts, as appropriate, when the underlying debt matures or the hedged transaction occurs. This method is used for derivatives used to convert non-US dollar borrowings into US dollars, to hedge signiﬁcant non-US dollar ﬁrm commitments or anticipated transactions, and to manage some of the group’s exposure to natural gas and power price ﬂuctuations. Derivatives used to convert non-US dollar borrowings into US dollars include foreign currency swap agreements and forward contracts. Gains and losses on these derivatives are deferred and recognized on maturity of the underlying debt, together with the matching loss or gain on the debt. Derivatives used to hedge signiﬁcant non-US dollar transactions include foreign currency forward contracts and options and to hedge natural gas and power price exposures include swaps, futures and options. Gains and losses on these contracts and option premiums paid are also deferred and recognized in the income statement or as adjustments to carrying amounts, as appropriate, when the hedged transaction occurs. Where derivatives used to manage interest rate risk or to convert non-US dollar debt or to hedge other anticipated cash ﬂows are terminated before the underlying debt matures or the hedged transaction occurs, the resulting gain or loss is recognized on a basis that matches the timing and accounting treatment of the underlying debt or hedged transaction. When an anticipated transaction is no longer likely to occur or ﬁnance debt is terminated before maturity, any deferred gain or loss that has arisen on the related derivative is recognized in the income statement, together with any gain or loss on the terminated item. Risk management Gains and losses on derivatives used for risk management purposes are deferred and recognized in earnings or as adjustments to carrying amounts, as appropriate, when the underlying debt matures or the hedged transaction occurs. When an anticipated transaction is no longer likely to occur or ﬁnance debt is terminated before maturity, any deferred gain or loss that has arisen on the related derivative is recognized in the income statement, together with any gain or loss on the terminated item. Where such derivatives used for hedging purposes are terminated before the underlying debt matures or the hedged transaction occurs, the resulting gain or loss is recognized on a basis that matches the timing and accounting treatment of the underlying hedged item. The unrecognized and carried-forward gains and losses on derivatives used for hedging, and the movements therein, are shown in the following table. ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- $ million ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- Unrecognized Carried forward in the balance sheet ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- Gains and losses at 1 January 2004 of which accounted for in income in 2004 Gains and losses at 31 December 2004 of which expected to be recognized in income in 2005 Gains Losses Total Gains Losses Total 331 98 487 259 (130) (28) (408) (267) 201 70 79 (8) 1,003 438 1,063 265 (425) (75) (364) (77) 578 363 699 188 Trading activities The group maintains active trading positions in a variety of derivatives. This activity is undertaken in conjunction with risk management activities. Derivatives held for trading purposes are marked-to-market and any gain or loss recognized in the income statement. For traded derivatives, many positions have been neutralized, with trading initiatives being concluded by taking opposite positions to ﬁx a gain or loss, thereby achieving a zero net market risk. The group measures its market risk exposure, i.e. potential gain or loss in fair values, on its trading activity using value-at-risk techniques. These techniques are based on a variance/covariance model or a Monte Carlo simulation and make a statistical assessment of the market risk arising from possible future changes in market values over a 24-hour period. The calculation of the range of potential changes in fair value takes into account a snapshot of the end-of-day exposures and the history of one-day price movements over the previous 12 months, together with the correlation of these price movements. The potential movement in fair values is expressed to three standard deviations, which is equivalent to a 99.7% conﬁdence level. This means that, in broad terms, one would expect to see an increase or a decrease in fair values greater than the value at risk on only one occasion per year if the portfolio were left unchanged. 148 37 Derivative ﬁnancial instruments (UK GAAP) continued The group calculates value at risk on all instruments that are held for trading purposes and that therefore give an exposure to market risk. The value- at-risk model takes account of derivative ﬁnancial instruments such as interest rate forward and futures contracts, swap agreements, options and swaptions; foreign exchange forward and futures contracts, swap agreements and options; and oil, natural gas and power price futures, swap agreements and options. Financial assets and liabilities and physical crude oil and reﬁned products that are treated as trading positions are also included in these calculations. The value-at-risk calculation for oil, natural gas and power price exposure also includes cash-settled commodity contracts such as forward contracts. The following table shows values at risk for trading activities. ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- $ million ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- 2004 ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- Interest rate trading Foreign exchange trading Oil price trading Natural gas price trading Power price trading Interest rate trading Foreign exchange trading Oil price trading Natural gas price trading Power price trading High Low Average Year end 1 4 55 23 10 – 1 18 6 1 – 1 29 13 4 – 1 45 10 4 Net gain (loss) 4 136 1,371 461 160 2,132 The presentation of trading results shown in the table below includes certain activities of BP’s trading units that involve the use of derivative ﬁnancial instruments in conjunction with physical and paper trading of oil, natural gas and power. It is considered that a more comprehensive representation of the group’s oil, natural gas and power price trading activities is given by aggregating the gain or loss on such derivatives together with the gain or loss arising from the physical and paper trades to which they relate, representing the net result of the trading portfolio. ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- $ million ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- 2004 ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- 38 Finance debt ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- $ million ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- Within 1 yeara 543 12,321 12,864 60 After 1 year 806 9,525 10,331 755 2006 Total 1,349 21,846 23,195 815 Within 1 yeara 155 8,717 8,872 60 8,932 After 1 year 547 8,962 9,509 721 10,230 2005 Total 702 17,679 18,381 781 19,162 ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- a Amounts due within one year include current maturities of long-term debt. 12,924 11,086 24,010 Bank loans Other loans Total borrowings Net obligations under ﬁnance leases Included within Other loans repayable within one year above are US Industrial Revenue/Municipal Bonds of $2,744 million (2005 $2,462 million) with maturity periods ranging from 1 to 34 years. They are classiﬁed as repayable within one year as the bondholders typically have the option to tender these bonds for repayment on interest reset dates. Any bonds that are tendered are usually remarketed and BP has not experienced any signiﬁcant repurchases. BP considers these bonds to represent long-term funding when assessing the maturity proﬁle of its ﬁnance debt and they are reﬂected as such in the borrowings repayment schedule below. Similar treatment is applied for loans associated with long-term gas supply contracts totalling $1,976 million (2005 $992 million) that mature over 10 years. At 31 December 2006, the group had substantial amounts of undrawn borrowing facilities available, including committed facilities of $4,700 million, of which $4,300 million are in place for at least 5 years (2005 $4,500 million all expiring in 2006). These facilities are with a number of international banks and borrowings under them would be at pre-agreed rates. Certain of these facilities support the group’s commercial paper programme. At 31 December 2006, the group’s share of third-party ﬁnance debt of jointly controlled entities and associates was $4,942 million (2005 $3,266 million) and $1,143 million (2005 $970 million) respectively. These amounts are not reﬂected in the group’s debt on the balance sheet. We have in place a European Debt Issuance Programme (DIP) under which the group may raise $10 billion of debt for maturities of one month or longer. At 31 December 2006 the amount drawn down against the DIP was $7,893 million. In addition, the group has in place a US Shelf Registration under which it may raise $10 billion of debt with maturities of one month or longer. At 31 December 2006 there had not been any draw-down. BP Annual Report and Accounts 2006 149 38 Finance debt continued Analysis of borrowings by year of expected repayment ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- Bank loans Other loans Total Bank loans Other loans 2006 3,355 152 426 391 400 970 805 687 4,109 3,653 3,202 62 329 301 318 896 674 653 4,081 3,626 153 90 97 90 82 74 131 34 28 27 806 543 14,142 7,704 14,948 8,247 1,349 21,846 23,195 – 18 21 24 26 34 35 35 98 256 547 155 702 2,842 203 182 188 558 446 537 2,223 2,219 3,018 12,416 5,263 17,679 Due after 10 years Due within 10 years 9 years 8 years 7 years 6 years 5 years 4 years 3 years 2 years 1 year US dollar Sterling Euro Other currencies US dollar Sterling Euro Other currencies ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- Interest rates The weighted average interest rate on ﬁnance debt is 5%. The proportion of ﬂoating rate debt at 31 December 2006 was 73% of total ﬁnance debt outstanding. Aside from debt issued in the US municipal bond markets, interest rates on ﬂoating rate debt denominated in US dollars are linked principally to the London Inter-Bank Offer Rate (LIBOR), while rates on debt in other currencies are based on local market equivalents. The group monitors interest rate risk using a process of sensitivity analysis. Assuming no changes to the ﬁnance debt and related hedge balances, it is estimated that a change of 1% in the general level of interest rates on 1 January 2007 would change 2007 proﬁt before tax by approximately $180 million. ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- Fixed rate Floating rate ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- Weighted average interest rate % Weighted average time for which rate is ﬁxed Years Weighted average interest rate % Amount $ million Total $ million ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- 6,358 17,652 24,010 ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- A further analysis of interest rates on total borrowings, excluding ﬁnance lease obligations, at 31 December, is given below. ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- Weighted average interest rate % 2006 2005 2006 Amount $ million 5,998 – 61 299 665 – – 157 822 3 – 8 8 11 – – 14 5 – 3 7 7 – – 9 6 5 4 8 5 6 3 12 5 7 5 9 4 4 7 17,055 35 134 428 18,073 76 150 41 18,340 9,888 35 177 231 10,331 3,078 4,167 2,744 2,875 12,864 6 5 4 7 5 4 6 Bank and other loans – long term US dollar Sterling Euros Other currencies Bank and other loans – short term Current maturities of long-term debt Commercial paper US Industrial Revenue/Municipal bonds Bank loans and other borrowings ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- 150 23,195 $ million 2005 Total 2,842 221 203 212 584 480 572 2,258 2,317 3,274 12,963 5,418 18,381 2006 23,053 35 195 727 2005 18,738 76 150 198 19,162 $ million 2005 9,178 29 144 158 9,509 3,007 1,911 2,462 1,492 8,872 18,381 38 Finance debt continued Finance leases The group uses ﬁnance leases to acquire property, plant and equipment. These leases have terms of renewal but no purchase options and escalation clauses. Renewals are at the option of the lessee. Future minimum lease payments under ﬁnance leases are set out below. ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- $ million ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- Minimum future lease payments payable within ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- 1 year 2 to 5 years Thereafter Less ﬁnance charges Net obligations Of which – payable within 1 year – payable within 2 to 5 years – payable thereafter 2006 2005 82 376 873 1,331 516 815 60 164 591 78 320 838 1,236 455 781 60 133 588 Fair values For 2006, the estimated fair value of ﬁnance debt is shown in the table below together with the carrying amount as reﬂected in the balance sheet. Long-term borrowings in the table below include the portion of debt that matures in the year from 31 December 2006, whereas in the balance sheet the amount would be reported under current liabilities. Long-term borrowings also include US Industrial Revenue/Municipal Bonds and loans associated with long-term gas supply contracts classiﬁed on the balance sheet as current liabilities. The carrying value of the group’s short-term borrowings, comprising mainly commercial paper, bank loans and overdrafts, approximates their fair value. The fair value of the group’s long-term borrowings and ﬁnance lease obligations is estimated using quoted prices or, where these are not available, discounted cash ﬂow analyses based on the group’s current incremental borrowing rates for similar types and maturities of borrowing. ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- $ million ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- 2006 Carrying amount 7,040 16,155 815 Fair value 7,040 16,201 832 24,073 24,010 Fair value 3,297 15,313 803 19,413 2005 Carrying amount 3,297 15,084 781 19,162 Short-term borrowings Long-term borrowings Net obligations under ﬁnance leases Total ﬁnance debt ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- 39 Analysis of changes in net debt Net debt is current and non-current ﬁnance debt less cash and cash equivalents. The net debt ratio is the ratio of net debt to net debt plus total equity. The net debt ratio at 31 December 2006 was 20% (2005 17%). ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- $ million ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- Finance debt (19,162) – (19,162) (172) (13) (4,049) (581) (33) Cash and cash equivalents 2,960 – 2,960 47 – (417) – – 2006 Net debt (16,202) – (16,202) (125) (13) (4,466) (581) (33) (24,010) 2,590 (21,420) 85,465 Finance debt (23,091) (147) (23,238) (44) – 3,803 171 146 (19,162) Cash and cash equivalents 1,359 – 1,359 (88) – 1,689 – – 2,960 2005 Net debt (21,732) (147) (21,879) (132) – 5,492 171 146 (16,202) 80,765 Movement in net debt At 1 January Adoption of IAS 39 Restated Exchange adjustments Debt acquired Net cash ﬂow Fair value hedge adjustment Other movements At 31 December Equity ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- BP Annual Report and Accounts 2006 151 40 Provisions ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- $ million ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- Decommissioning Environmental ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- $ million ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- Decommissioning Environmental At 1 January 2006 Exchange adjustments New or increased provisions Write-back of unused provisions Unwinding of discount Utilization Deletions At 31 December 2006 Of which – expected to be incurred within 1 year – expected to be incurred in more than 1 year At 1 January 2005 Exchange adjustments New or increased provisions Write-back of unused provisions Unwinding of discount Utilization Deletions At 31 December 2005 Of which – expected to be incurred within 1 year – expected to be incurred in more than 1 year 8,365 324 8,041 2,127 444 1,683 3,152 1,164 1,988 13,644 1,932 11,712 Litigation and other 2,295 44 2,111 (270) 47 (1,068) (7) Litigation and other 1,570 (35) 1,464 (86) 32 (650) – 2,295 451 1,844 2,311 31 423 (355) 45 (324) (4) 2,457 (32) 565 (335) 47 (366) (25) 2,311 489 1,822 Total 11,056 88 4,676 (625) 245 (1,571) (225) Total 9,599 (105) 3,052 (421) 201 (1,144) (126) 11,056 1,102 9,954 6,450 13 2,142 – 153 (179) (214) 5,572 (38) 1,023 – 122 (128) (101) 6,450 162 6,288 ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- The group makes full provision for the future cost of decommissioning oil and natural gas production facilities and related pipelines on a discounted basis on the installation of those facilities. The provision for the costs of decommissioning these production facilities and pipelines at the end of their economic lives has been estimated using existing technology, at current prices and discounted using a real discount rate of 2.0% (2005 2.0%). These costs are expected to be incurred over the next 30 years. While the provision is based on the best estimate of future costs and the economic lives of the facilities and pipelines, there is uncertainty regarding both the amount and timing of incurring these costs. Provisions for environmental remediation are made when a clean-up is probable and the amount reasonably determinable. Generally, this coincides with commitment to a formal plan of action or, if earlier, on divestment or closure of inactive sites. The provision for environmental liabilities has been estimated using existing technology, at current prices and discounted using a real discount rate of 2.0% (2005 2.0%). The majority of these costs are expected to be incurred over the next 10 years. The extent and cost of future remediation programmes are inherently difﬁcult to estimate. They depend on the scale of any possible contamination, the timing and extent of corrective actions, and also the group’s share of liability. The group also holds provisions for litigation, expected rental shortfalls on surplus properties, and sundry other liabilities. Included within the new or increased provisions made for 2006 is an amount of $925 million (2005 $700 million) in respect of the Texas City incident of which a total of $1,355 million has been disbursed to claimants ($863 million in 2006 and $492 million in 2005). To the extent that these liabilities are not expected to be settled within the next three years, the provisions are discounted using either a nominal discount rate of 4.5% (2005 4.5%) or a real discount rate of 2.0% (2005 2.0%), as appropriate. 41 Pensions and other post-retirement beneﬁts Most group companies have pension plans, the forms and beneﬁts of which vary with conditions and practices in the countries concerned. Pension beneﬁts may be provided through deﬁned contribution plans (money purchase schemes) or deﬁned beneﬁt plans (ﬁnal salary and other types of schemes with committed pension payments). For deﬁned contribution plans, retirement beneﬁts are determined by the value of funds arising from contributions paid in respect of each employee. For deﬁned beneﬁt plans, retirement beneﬁts are based on such factors as the employees’ pensionable salary and length of service. Deﬁned beneﬁt plans may be externally funded or unfunded. The assets of funded plans are generally held in separately administered trusts. In particular, in the UK the primary pension arrangement is a funded ﬁnal salary pension plan which remains open to new employees. Retired employees draw the majority of their beneﬁt as an annuity. In the US, a range of retirement arrangements are provided. These include a funded ﬁnal salary pension plan for certain heritage employees and a cash balance arrangement for new hires. Retired US employees typically take their pension beneﬁt in the form of a lump sum payment. US employees are also eligible to participate in a deﬁned contribution (401k) plan in which employee contributions are matched with company contributions. Contributions to funded deﬁned beneﬁt plans are based on advice from independent actuaries using actuarial methods, the objective of which is to provide adequate funds to meet pension obligations as they fall due. During 2006, contributions of $438 million (2005 $340 million and 2004 $249 million) and $181 million (2005 $279 million and 2004 $30 million) were made to the UK plans and US plans respectively. In addition, contributions of $136 million (2005 $140 million and 2004 $116 million) were made to other funded deﬁned beneﬁt plans. The aggregate level of contributions in 2007 is expected to be approximately $750 million. Certain group companies, principally in the US, provide post-retirement healthcare and life insurance beneﬁts to their retired employees and dependants. The entitlement to these beneﬁts is usually based on the employee remaining in service until retirement age and completion of a minimum period of service. The plans are funded to a limited extent. The cost of providing pensions and other post-retirement beneﬁts is assessed annually by independent actuaries using the projected unit credit method. The date of the most recent actuarial review was 31 December 2006. 152 41 Pensions and other post-retirement beneﬁts continued The material ﬁnancial assumptions used for estimating the beneﬁt obligations of the various plans are set out below. The assumptions used to evaluate accrued pension and other post-retirement beneﬁts at 31 December in any year are used to determine pension and other post-retirement expense for the following year, that is, the assumptions at 31 December 2006 are used to determine the pension liabilities at that date and the pension cost for 2007. ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- Financial assumptions ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- 2006 2005 2006 2005 2006 2005 UK 2004 USA 2004 Discount rate for pension plan liabilities Discount rate for post-retirement beneﬁt plans Rate of increase in salaries Rate of increase for pensions in payment Rate of increase in deferred pensions Inﬂation 5.1 n/a 4.7 2.8 2.8 2.8 4.75 n/a 4.25 2.50 2.50 2.50 5.25 n/a 4.00 2.50 2.50 2.50 5.7 5.9 4.2 nil nil 2.4 5.50 5.50 4.25 nil nil 2.50 5.75 5.75 4.00 nil nil 2.50 4.8 n/a 3.6 1.8 1.1 2.2 4.00 n/a 3.25 1.75 1.00 2.00 5.00 n/a 4.00 2.50 2.50 2.50 % Other 2004 In addition to the ﬁnancial assumptions, we regularly review the demographic and mortality assumptions. Mortality assumptions reﬂect best practice in the countries in which we provide pensions, and have been chosen with regard to the latest available published tables adjusted where appropriate to reﬂect the experience of the group and an extrapolation of past longevity improvements into the future. BP’s most substantial pension liabilities are in the UK, the US and Germany, where our assumptions are as follows: ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- Mortality assumptions ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- UK 2004 USA 2004 2006 2005 2006 2005 2006 2005 2004 23.9 26.8 25.0 27.8 23.0 26.0 23.9 26.9 23.0 26.0 23.9 26.9 24.2 26.0 25.8 26.9 21.9 25.6 21.9 25.6 21.9 25.6 21.9 25.6 22.2 26.9 25.2 29.6 22.1 26.7 25.0 29.4 20.3 25.4 20.3 25.4 Life expectancy at age 60 for a male currently aged 60 Life expectancy at age 60 for a female currently aged 60 Life expectancy at age 60 for a male currently aged 40 Life expectancy at age 60 for a female currently aged 40 The assumed future US healthcare cost trend rate is as follows: ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- Assumed future US healthcare cost trend rate Beneﬁciaries aged under 65 Beneﬁciaries aged over 65 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 8.0 10.0 7.5 9.5 7.0 8.5 6.5 7.5 6.0 6.5 5.5 5.5 5.0 5.0 BP’s post-retirement medical plans in the US provide amongst other things prescription drug coverage for Medicare-eligible retirees. The group’s obligation for other post-retirement beneﬁts reﬂects the effects of the Medicare Prescription Drug, Improvement and Modernization Act of 2003 (the Act). The provisions of the Act provide for a federal subsidy for plans that provide prescription drug beneﬁts and meet certain qualiﬁcations, and alternatively would allow prescription drug plan sponsors to co-ordinate with the Medicare beneﬁt. BP reﬂects the impact of the legislation by reducing its actuarially determined obligation for post-retirement beneﬁts and reducing the net cost for post-retirement beneﬁts. For the year ended 31 December 2006 the reduction in net cost was $40 million (2005 $41 million). Pension plan assets are generally held in trusts. The primary objective of the trusts is to accumulate pools of assets sufﬁcient to meet the obligation of the various plans. The assets of the trusts are invested in a manner consistent with ﬁduciary obligations and principles that reﬂect current practices in portfolio management. A signiﬁcant proportion of the assets are held in equities, owing to a higher expected level of return over the long term with an acceptable level of risk. In order to provide reasonable assurance that no single security or type of security has an unwarranted impact on the total portfolio, the investment portfolios are highly diversiﬁed. The long-term asset allocation policy for the major plans is as follows: ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- Years Germany % 2013 and subsequent years Policy range % 55 – 85 15 – 35 0 – 10 Asset category Total equity Fixed income/cash Property/real estate Some of the group’s pension funds use derivatives to manage their asset mix and the level of risk. The group’s main pension funds do not directly invest in either securities or property/real estate of the company or of any subsidiary. Return on asset assumptions reﬂect the group’s expectations built up by asset class and by plan. The group’s expectation is derived from a combination of historical returns over the long term and the forecasts of market professionals. BP Annual Report and Accounts 2006 153 41 Pensions and other post-retirement beneﬁts continued The expected long-term rates of return and market values of the various categories of asset held by the signiﬁcant deﬁned beneﬁt plans at 31 December are set out below. ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- 2006 2005 Expected long-term rate of return Market value Expected long-term rate of return Market value Expected long-term rate of return ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- % $ million % $ million % $ million UK pension plans ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- US pension plans 7.0 29,261 ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- US other post-retirement beneﬁt plans 8.0 7,955 ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- 7.5 4.7 6.5 3.8 8.5 5.0 8.0 3.2 8.5 5.0 7.6 4.6 4.7 3.0 23,631 3,881 1,370 379 6,528 1,371 15 41 19 7 1,158 1,199 120 191 7.5 26 5.8 2,668 7.50 4.25 6.50 3.50 7.00 8.50 4.75 8.00 3.00 8.00 8.50 4.75 7.25 7.50 4.00 5.75 1.50 5.50 18,465 2,719 1,097 1,001 23,282 5,961 1,079 21 256 7,317 20 8 28 991 943 130 216 2,280 7.50 4.50 6.50 4.00 7.00 8.50 4.75 8.00 3.00 8.00 8.50 4.75 7.25 8.00 4.25 5.25 3.50 6.00 2004 Market value 17,329 2,859 1,660 459 22,307 6,043 1,057 28 55 7,183 21 9 30 933 857 114 288 2,192 Equities Bonds Property Cash Equities Bonds Property Cash Equities Bonds Other plans Equities Bonds Property Cash ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- The assumed rate of investment return and discount rate have a signiﬁcant effect on the amounts reported. A one-percentage-point change in these assumptions for the group’s plans would have had the following effects: ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- $ million ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- One-percentage point ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- Increase Decrease Investment return Effect on pension and other post-retirement beneﬁt expense in 2007 Discount rate Effect on pension and other post-retirement beneﬁt expense in 2007 Effect on pension and other post-retirement beneﬁt obligation at 31 December 2006 (383) 383 (52) (5,013) 75 6,433 The assumed US healthcare cost trend rate has a signiﬁcant effect on the amounts reported. A one-percentage-point change in the assumed US healthcare cost trend rate would have had the following effects: ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- $ million ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- One-percentage point ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- Effect on US other post-retirement beneﬁt expense in 2007 Effect on US other post-retirement obligation at 31 December 2006 Increase Decrease 31 349 (25) (289) 154 41 Pensions and other post-retirement beneﬁts continued ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- $ million ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- 2006 Analysis of the amount charged to proﬁt before interest and taxation ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- Current service cost Past service cost Settlement, curtailment and special termination beneﬁts Payments to deﬁned contribution plans Total operating chargea beneﬁt plans Other plans 139 39 227 16 421 ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- Total 829 3 231 177 1,240 ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- 42 – – – 42 UK pension plans 432 (74) 4 – 362 US pension plans 216 38 – 161 415 US other post- retirement Analysis of the amount credited (charged) to other ﬁnance expense ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- Expected return on plan assets Interest on plan liabilities Other ﬁnance income (expense) ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- 1,711 (1,006) 705 2,410 (1,940) 470 ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- 2 (186) (184) 133 (325) (192) 564 (423) 141 Analysis of the amount recognized in the statement of recognized income and expense ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- Actual return less expected return on pension plan assets Change in assumptions underlying the present value of the plan liabilities Experience gains and losses arising on the plan liabilities Actuarial gain recognized in statement of recognized income and expense ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- 1,967 772 (124) 2,615 1,305 114 (24) 1,395 141 352 (197) 296 – 111 80 191 521 195 17 733 Movements in beneﬁt obligation during the year ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- Beneﬁt obligation at 1 January Exchange adjustments Current service cost Past service cost Interest cost Curtailment Settlement Special termination beneﬁtsb Contributions by plan participants Beneﬁt payments (funded plans) Beneﬁt payments (unfunded plans) Acquisitions Disposals Actuarial gain on obligation Beneﬁt obligation at 31 December 38,855 3,380 829 3 1,940 (20) (22) 273 43 (1,749) (569) – 118 (648) 42,433 20,063 2,748 432 (74) 1,006 (20) (22) 46 38 (981) – – 143 (90) 23,289 3,478 – 42 – 186 – – – – (4) (211) – – (191) 3,300 7,414 632 139 39 325 – – 227 5 (149) (321) – (7) (155) 8,149 7,900 – 216 38 423 – – – – (615) (37) – (18) (212) 7,695 ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- Movements in fair value of plan assets during the year ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- Fair value of plan assets at 1 January Exchange adjustments Expected return on plan assetsc Contributions by plan participants Contributions by employers (funded plans) Beneﬁt payments (funded plans) Acquisitions Disposals Actuarial gain on plan assetsc Fair value of plan assets at 31 December 23,282 3,325 1,711 38 438 (981) – 143 1,305 29,261 32,907 3,447 2,410 43 755 (1,749) – 130 1,967 39,910 ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- 2,280 122 133 5 136 (149) – – 141 2,668 7,317 – 564 – 181 (615) – (13) 521 7,955 28 – 2 – – (4) – – – 26 Surplus (deﬁcit) at 31 December Represented by 5,972 260 (3,274) (5,481) (2,523) Asset recognized Liability recognized Funded Unfunded Funded Unfunded ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- The surplus (deﬁcit) may be analysed between funded and unfunded plans as follows ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- The deﬁned beneﬁt obligation may be analysed between funded and unfunded plans as follows 6,089 (117) 5,972 6,089 (117) 5,972 617 (357) 260 601 (341) 260 (23,172) (117) (23,289) (7,354) (341) (7,695) – (3,274) (3,274) (30) (3,244) (3,274) (56) (3,244) (3,300) 47 (5,528) (5,481) (379) (5,102) (5,481) 6,753 (9,276) (2,523) 6,281 (8,804) (2,523) (3,047) (5,102) (8,149) (33,629) (8,804) (42,433) ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- a Included within production and manufacturing expenses and distribution and administration expenses. b The charge for special termination benefits represents the increased liability arising as a result of early retirements occuring as part of a restructuring programme in the UK and Europe. c The actual return on plan assets is made up of the sum of the expected return on plan assets and the actuarial gain on plan assets as disclosed above. At 31 December 2006 reimbursement balances due from or to other companies in respect of pensions amounted to $479 million reimbursement assets (2005 $465 million) and $71 million reimbursement liabilities (2005 $71 million). These balances are not included as part of the pension liability, but are reﬂected elsewhere in the group balance sheet. BP Annual Report and Accounts 2006 155 41 Pensions and other post-retirement beneﬁts continued ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- $ million ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- 2005 Analysis of the amount charged to proﬁt before interest and taxation ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- Current service cost Past service cost Settlement, curtailment and special termination beneﬁts Payments to deﬁned contribution plans Total operating charge Innovene operations Continuing operationsa Other plans 140 51 10 14 215 (21) 194 ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- Total 785 41 47 172 1,045 (86) 959 UK pension plans 379 5 37 – 421 (38) 383 US pension plans 216 (10) – 158 364 (24) 340 US other post- retirement beneﬁt plans 50 (5) – – 45 (3) 42 ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- Analysis of the amount credited (charged) to other ﬁnance expense ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- Expected return on plan assets Interest on plan liabilities Other ﬁnance income (expense) Innovene operations Continuing operations ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- 2,138 (2,022) 116 (3) 113 1,456 (1,003) 453 (10) 443 557 (444) 113 (5) 108 123 (368) (245) 10 (235) 2 (207) (205) 2 (203) Analysis of the amount recognized in the statement of recognized income and expense ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- Actual return less expected return on pension plan assets Change in assumptions underlying the present value of the plan liabilities Experience gains and losses arising on the plan liabilities Actuarial gain (loss) recognized in statement of recognized income and expense ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- 3,364 (2,177) (212) 975 3,111 (1,884) (14) 1,213 157 (470) 16 (297) 96 (59) (197) (160) – 236 (17) 219 Movements in beneﬁt obligation during the year ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- Beneﬁt obligation at 1 January Exchange adjustments Current service cost Past service cost Interest cost Special termination beneﬁts Contributions by plan participants Beneﬁt payments (funded plans) Beneﬁt payments (unfunded plans) Acquisitions Disposals Actuarial (gain) loss on obligation Beneﬁt obligation at 31 December 39,945 (3,122) 785 41 2,022 47 42 (1,612) (549) 39 (1,172) 2,389 38,855 20,399 (2,194) 379 5 1,003 37 37 (922) (1) – (578) 1,898 20,063 3,676 – 50 (5) 207 – – (4) (204) 16 (39) (219) 3,478 8,044 (928) 140 51 368 10 5 (116) (314) 3 (303) 454 7,414 7,826 – 216 (10) 444 – – (570) (30) 20 (252) 256 7,900 ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- Movements in fair value of plan assets during the year ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- Fair value of plan assets at 1 January Exchange adjustments Expected return on plan assetsb Contributions by plan participants Contributions by employers (funded plans) Beneﬁt payments (funded plans) Acquisitions Disposals Actuarial gain on plan assetsb Fair value of plan assets at 31 December 31,712 (2,664) 2,138 42 759 (1,612) 8 (840) 3,364 32,907 22,307 (2,469) 1,456 37 340 (922) – (578) 3,111 23,282 ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- 2,192 (195) 123 5 140 (116) – (26) 157 2,280 7,183 – 557 – 279 (570) 8 (236) 96 7,317 30 – 2 – – (4) – – – 28 ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- 3,219 (583) (3,450) (5,134) (5,948) Surplus (deﬁcit) at 31 December Represented by Asset recognized Liability recognized Funded Unfunded Funded Unfunded ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- The surplus (deﬁcit) may be analysed between funded and unfunded plans as follows ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- The deﬁned beneﬁt obligation may be analysed between funded and unfunded plans as follows ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- 3,240 (21) 3,219 3,240 (21) 3,219 – (583) (583) (226) (357) (583) (20,042) (21) (20,063) (7,543) (357) (7,900) – (3,450) (3,450) (32) (3,418) (3,450) (60) (3,418) (3,478) 42 (5,176) (5,134) (476) (4,658) (5,134) (2,756) (4,658) (7,414) 3,282 (9,230) (5,948) 2,506 (8,454) (5,948) (30,401) (8,454) (38,855) a Included within production and manufacturing expenses and distribution and administration expenses. b The actual return on plan assets is made up of the sum of the expected return on plan assets and the actuarial gain on plan assets as disclosed above. 156 41 Pensions and other post-retirement beneﬁts continued ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- $ million ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- 2004 Analysis of the amount charged to proﬁt before interest and taxation ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- Current service cost Past service cost Settlement, curtailment and special termination beneﬁts Payments to deﬁned contribution plans Total operating charge Innovene operations Continuing operationsa ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- 757 39 64 162 1,022 (85) 937 118 38 27 12 195 (22) 173 363 5 37 – 405 (35) 370 215 – – 150 365 (25) 340 61 (4) – – 57 (3) 54 ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- Other plans Total UK pension plans US pension plans US other post- retirement beneﬁt plans ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- Analysis of the amount credited (charged) to other ﬁnance expense ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- Expected return on plan assets Interest on plan liabilities Other ﬁnance income (expense) Innovene operations Continuing operations ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- 1,983 (2,012) (29) 17 (12) 1,351 (981) 370 (6) 364 526 (445) 81 (3) 78 104 (346) (242) 12 (230) 2 (240) (238) 14 (224) Analysis of the amount recognized in the statement of recognized income and expense ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- Actual return less expected return on pension plan assets Change in assumptions underlying the present value of the plan liabilities Experience gains and losses arising on the plan liabilities Actuarial gain (loss) recognized in statement of recognized income and expense ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- 1,349 (774) (468) 107 152 (366) (562) (776) 379 (108) (22) 249 818 (795) 83 106 – 495 33 528 a Included within production and manufacturing expenses and distribution and administration expenses. ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- History of surplus (deﬁcit) and of experience gains and losses ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- Beneﬁt obligation at 31 December Fair value of plan assets at 31 December Surplus (deﬁcit) ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- 42,433 39,910 (2,523) 35,995 27,853 (8,142) 39,945 31,712 (8,233) 38,855 32,907 (5,948) 2004 2006 2005 2003 $ million Experience gains and losses on plan liabilities Actual return less expected return on pension plan assets Actual return on plan assets Actuarial gain recognized in statement of recognized income and expense Cumulative amount recognized in statement of recognized income and expense (124) 1,967 4,377 2,615 3,773 (212) 3,364 5,502 975 1,158 (468) 1,349 3,332 107 183 873 2,392 3,892 76 76 Estimated future beneﬁt payments The expected beneﬁt payments, which reﬂect expected future service, as appropriate, but excluding fund expenses, up until 2016 are as follows: ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- $ million ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012-2016 UK pension plans US pension plans US other post- retirement beneﬁt plans Other plans Total 1,013 1,053 1,070 1,146 1,165 6,432 619 650 673 695 714 3,621 212 213 219 224 229 1,156 509 519 513 506 496 2,271 2,353 2,435 2,475 2,571 2,604 13,480 BP Annual Report and Accounts 2006 157 Issued 8% cumulative ﬁrst preference shares of £1 each 9% cumulative second preference shares of £1 each Ordinary shares of 25 cents each 1 January Issue of new shares for employee share schemes Issue of ordinary share capital for TNK-BP Repurchase of ordinary share capital Othera 31 December 42 Called up share capital The allotted, called up and fully paid share capital at 31 December was as follows: ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- Shares (thousand) ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- $ million Shares (thousand) $ million ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- 7,233 5,473 $ million Shares (thousand) 7,233 5,473 12 9 20,657,045 64,854 111,151 (358,374) 982,625 21,457,301 21,525,978 82,144 108,629 (1,059,706) – 20,657,045 2006 21 5,164 16 28 (90) 246 5,364 2005 12 9 21 5,382 20 27 (265) – 5,164 5,185 7,233 5,473 22,122,610 91,512 139,096 (827,240) – 21,525,978 2004 12 9 21 5,531 23 35 (207) – 5,382 5,403 7,250 5,500 36,000,000 12 9 9,000 7,250 5,500 36,000,000 12 9 9,000 ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- Authorized 8% cumulative ﬁrst preference shares of £1 each 9% cumulative second preference shares of £1 each Ordinary shares of 25 cents each a Reclassification in respect of share repurchases in 2005. 5,385 12 9 9,000 7,250 5,500 36,000,000 Voting on substantive resolutions tabled at a general meeting is on a poll. On a poll, shareholders present in person or by proxy have two votes for every £5 in nominal amount of the ﬁrst and second preference shares held and one vote for every ordinary share held. On a show-of-hands vote on other resolutions (procedural matters) at a general meeting, shareholders present in person or by proxy have one vote each. In the event of the winding up of the company, preference shareholders would be entitled to a sum equal to the capital paid up on the preference shares, plus an amount in respect of accrued and unpaid dividends and a premium equal to the higher of (i) 10% of the capital paid up on the preference shares and (ii) the excess of the average market price of such shares on the London Stock Exchange during the previous six months over par value. Repurchase of ordinary share capital The company purchased 1,334,362,750 ordinary shares (2005 1,059,706,481 and 2004 827,240,360 ordinary shares) for a total consideration of $15,481 million (2005 $11,597 million and 2004 $7,548 million), of which 358,374,000 were for cancellation and 975,988,750 were retained in treasury. At 31 December 2006, 1,946,804,533 shares of nominal value $487 million were held in treasury (2005 982,624,971 shares of nominal value of $246 million). Transaction costs of share repurchases amounted to $83 million (2005 $63 million and 2004 $43 million). 158 This page is intentionally left blank. BP Annual Report and Accounts 2006 159 43 Capital and reserves ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- Share premium account Capital redemption reserve ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- a For the year ended 31 December 2006, purchases of shares by ESOP trusts amounted to $205 million (2005 $251 million and 2004 $147 million). b At 31 December 2006, the foreign currency translation reserve includes $122 million relating to non-current assets held for sale, which will be recycled to the income statement upon disposal of such assets. c Reclassification in respect of share repurchases in 2005. ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- Share premium account Capital redemption reserve At 1 January 2006 Currency translation differences (net of tax) Actuarial gain relating to pensions and other post-retirement beneﬁts (net of tax) Issue of ordinary share capital for TNK-BP Available-for-sale investments marked to market (net of tax) Available-for-sale investments recycling (net of tax) Repurchase of ordinary share capital Share-based payments (net of tax) Cash ﬂow hedges marked to market (net of tax) Cash ﬂow hedges recycling (net of tax) Proﬁt for the year Dividends Otherc At 31 December 2006 At 31 December 2004 Adoption of IAS 39 At 1 January 2005 Currency translation differences (net of tax) Exchange gain on translation of foreign operations transferred to (proﬁt) or loss on sale (net of tax) Actuarial gain relating to pensions and other post-retirement beneﬁts (net of tax) Issue of ordinary share capital for TNK-BP Available-for-sale investments marked to market (net of tax) Available-for-sale investments recycling (net of tax) Repurchase of ordinary share capital Share-based payments (net of tax) Cash ﬂow hedges marked to market (net of tax) Cash ﬂow hedges recycling (net of tax) Proﬁt for the year Dividends At 31 December 2005 At 1 January 2004 Currency translation differences (net of tax) Exchange gain on translation of foreign operations transferred to (proﬁt) or loss on sale (net of tax) Actuarial gain relating to pensions and other post-retirement beneﬁts (net of tax) Unrealized gain on acquisition of further investment in equity-accounted investments Issue of ordinary share capital for TNK-BP Repurchase of ordinary share capital Share-based payments (net of tax) Proﬁt for the year Dividends At 31 December 2004 160 ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- Share capital 5,185 – – 28 – – (90) 16 – – – – 246 5,385 Share capital 5,403 – 5,403 – – – 27 – – (265) 20 – – – – 5,185 7,371 – – 1,222 – – – 481 – – – – – 9,074 5,636 – 5,636 – – – 1,223 – – – 512 – – – – 7,371 Merger reserve 27,190 – – – – – – 11 – – – – – 27,201 Merger reserve 27,162 – 27,162 – – – – – – – 28 – – – – 27,190 749 – – – – – 90 – – – – – – 839 730 – 730 – – – – – – 19 – – – – – 749 Share capital Share premium account Capital redemption reserve Merger reserve 5,552 – 3,957 – – – – – 523 – – – 27,077 – – – – 35 (207) 23 – – 5,403 – 1,215 – 464 – – 5,636 – – 207 – – – 730 – – – 85 – – 27,162 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- $ million Cash ﬂow hedges ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Treasury shares Minority interest Other reserve Total equity Available- for-sale investments Share- based payment reserve BP shareholders’ equity ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- $ million Cash ﬂow hedges ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Treasury shares Other reserve Own shares Available- for-sale investments ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Proﬁt and loss account 46,466 – 1,795 – – – (4,009) (79) – – 22,000 (7,686) – 58,487 Proﬁt and loss account 31,940 (355) 31,585 – – 619 – – – (750) 30 – – 22,341 (7,359) 46,466 79,976 1,756 1,795 1,250 478 (504) (15,481) 773 313 (46) 22,000 (7,686) – 84,624 BP shareholders’ equity 76,892 (243) 76,649 (2,479) (220) 619 1,250 232 (42) (11,597) 695 (149) 36 22,341 (7,359) 79,976 789 49 – – – – – – – – 286 (283) – 841 Minority interest 1,343 – 1,343 (18) – – – – – – – – – 291 (827) 789 80,765 1,805 1,795 1,250 478 (504) (15,481) 773 313 (46) 22,286 (7,969) – 85,465 Total equity 78,235 (243) 77,992 (2,497) (220) 619 1,250 232 (42) (11,597) 695 (149) 36 22,632 (8,186) 80,765 Foreign currency translation reserveb 2,943 1,742 – – – – – – – – – – – 4,685 Foreign currency translation reserve 5,616 – 5,616 (2,453) (220) – – – – – – – – – – 2,943 385 27 – – 478 (504) – – – – – – – 386 – 230 230 (35) – – – 232 (42) – – – – – – 385 Own sharesa (140) (19) – – – – – 5 – – – – – (154) (10,598) – – – – – (11,472) 134 – – – – (246) (22,182) (82) – (82) 12 – – – – – – (70) – – – – (140) – – – 21 – – (82) – – – – – (10,601) 3 – – – – (10,598) – – – – – – – – – – – 16 – – – – – – (11) – – – – – 5 44 – 44 – – – – – – – (28) – – – – 16 – – – (85) – – 44 (234) 6 – – – – – – 313 (46) – – – 39 – (118) (118) (3) – – – – – – – (149) 36 – – (234) Share- based payment reserve 443 – 443 – 643 – – – – – – 216 – – – – – 859 – – – – – – 200 – – – – 643 – – – 231 – – 443 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- $ million Cash ﬂow hedges ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Treasury shares Minority interest Other reserve Own shares Total equity Foreign currency translation reserve Available- for-sale investments Share- based payment reserve Proﬁt and loss account BP shareholders’ equity 129 – – – (96) (7) – – – – – – 3,619 2,075 (78) – – – – – – – – – 212 – – – 28,166 – – 203 69,139 2,068 1,125 64 (78) 203 – – 70,264 2,132 (78) 203 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- – – – – – – 5,616 – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 94 – (7,548) (9) 17,075 (6,041) 31,940 94 1,250 (7,548) 730 17,075 (6,041) 76,892 – – – – 187 (33) 1,343 94 1,250 (7,548) 730 17,262 (6,074) 78,235 BP Annual Report and Accounts 2006 161 43 Capital and reserves continued Share capital The balance on the share capital account represents the aggregate nominal value of all ordinary and preference shares in issue, including treasury shares. Share premium account The balance on the share premium account represents the amounts received in excess of the nominal value of the ordinary and preference shares. Capital redemption reserve The balance on the capital redemption reserve represents the aggregate nominal value of all the ordinary shares repurchased and cancelled. Merger reserve The balance on the merger reserve represents the fair value of the consideration given in excess of the nominal value of the ordinary shares issued in an acquisition made by the issue of shares. Other reserve The balance on the other reserve represents the fair value of the consideration given in excess of the nominal value of the ordinary shares to be issued in the ARCO acquisition on the exercise of ARCO share options. Own shares Own shares represent BP shares held in Employee Share Ownership Plans (ESOPs) to meet the future requirements of the employee share-based payment arrangements. Treasury shares Treasury shares represent BP shares repurchased and available for re-issue. Foreign currency translation reserve The foreign currency translation reserve is used to record exchange differences arising from the translations of the ﬁnancial statements of foreign operations. Upon disposal of foreign operations, the related accumulated exchange differences are recycled to the income statement. This reserve is also used to record the effect of hedging net investments in foreign operations. Available-for-sale investments This reserve records the changes in fair value on available-for-sale investments. On disposal, the cumulative changes in fair value are recycled to the income statement. Cash ﬂow hedges This reserve records the portion of the gain or loss on a hedging instrument in a cash ﬂow hedge that is determined to be an effective hedge. When the hedged transaction occurs, the gain or loss on the hedging instrument is transferred out of equity to either proﬁt or loss or the carrying value of assets, as appropriate. If the forecast transaction is no longer expected to occur the gain or loss recognized in equity is transferred to proﬁt or loss. Share-based payment reserve This reserve represents cumulative amounts charged to proﬁt in respect of employee share-based payment arrangements where the scheme has not yet been settled by means of an award of shares to an individual. Proﬁt and loss account The balance held on this reserve is the accumulated retained proﬁts of the group. 162 44 Share-based payments ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- Effect of share-based payment transactions on the group’s result and ﬁnancial position ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- Total expense recognized for equity-settled share-based payment transactions Total expense recognized for cash-settled share-based payment transactions Total expense recognized for share-based payment transactions Closing balance of liability for cash-settled share-based payment transactions Total intrinsic value for vested cash-settled share-based payments ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- 289 36 325 59 53 348 20 368 48 41 405 14 38 23 419 2005 2006 2004 $ million For ease of presentation, option and share holdings detailed in the tables within this note are stated as UK ordinary share equivalents in US dollars. US employees are granted American depositary shares (ADSs) or options over the company’s ADSs (one ADS is equivalent to six ordinary shares). The share-based payment plans that existed during the year are detailed below. All plans are ongoing unless otherwise stated. Plans for executive directors Executive Directors’ Incentive Plan (EDIP) – share element (2005 onwards) An equity-settled incentive share plan for executive directors driven by one performance measure over a three-year performance period. The award of shares is determined by comparing BP’s total shareholder return (TSR) against the other oil majors. In addition, for the group chief executive, 27% of the grant is based on long-term leadership (LTL) measures. After the performance period, the shares which vest (net of tax) are then subject to a three-year retention period. The director’s remuneration report on pages 68-75 includes full details of this plan. Executive Directors’ Incentive Plan (EDIP) – share element (pre-2005) An equity-settled incentive share plan for executive directors driven by three performance measures over a three-year performance period. The primary measure is BP’s shareholder return against the market (SHRAM) versus that of the companies within the FTSE All World Oil & Gas Index. This accounts for nearly two-thirds of the potential total award, with the remainder being assessed on BP’s relative return on average capital employed (ROACE) and earnings per share (EPS) growth compared with the other oil majors. After the performance period, the shares that vest (net of tax) are then subject to a three-year retention period. The director’s remuneration report on pages 68-75 includes full details of this plan. For 2005 and subsequent years, the share element of EDIP was amended as described above. Executive Directors’ Incentive Plan (EDIP) – share option element (pre-2005) An equity-settled share option plan for executive directors that permits options to be granted at an exercise price no lower than the market price of a share on the date that the option is granted. Options vest over three years (one-third each after one, two and three years respectively) and must be exercised within seven years of the date of grant. Last grants were made in 2004. From 2005 onwards the remuneration committee’s policy is not to make further grants of share options to executive directors. Plans for senior employees Medium Term Performance Plan (MTPP) (2005 onwards) An equity-settled incentive share plan for senior employees driven by two performance measures over a three-year performance period. The award of shares is determined by comparing BP’s TSR against the other oil majors and, additionally, by comparing free cash ﬂow (FCF) against a threshold established for the period. For a small group of particularly senior employees, only the TSR measure is applicable in determining the award. The number of shares awarded is increased to take account of the net dividends that would have been received during the performance period, assuming that such dividends had been reinvested. With regard to leaver provisions, the general rule is that leaving employment during the performance period will preclude an award of shares. However, special arrangements apply where the participant leaves for a qualifying reason and employment ceases after completion of the ﬁrst year of the performance period. Long Term Performance Plan (LTPP) (pre-2005) An equity-settled incentive share plan for senior employees driven by three performance measures over a three-year performance period. The primary measure is BP’s SHRAM versus that of the companies within the FTSE All World Oil & Gas Index. This accounts for nearly two-thirds of the potential total award, with the remainder being assessed on BP’s relative ROACE and EPS growth compared with the other oil majors. Shares are awarded at the end of the performance period and are then subject to a three-year restriction period. With regard to leaver provisions, the general rule is that leaving during the performance period will preclude an award of shares. However, special arrangements apply where the participant leaves for a qualifying reason and employment ceases after completion of the ﬁrst year of the performance period. This plan was replaced by the MTPP for 2005 onwards. Deferred Annual Bonus Plan (DAB) An equity-settled restricted share plan for senior employees. The award value is equal to 50% of the annual cash bonus awarded for the preceding performance year (the ‘performance period’). The shares are restricted for a period of three years (the ‘restriction period’). Shares accrue dividends during the restriction period and these are reinvested. With regard to leaver provisions, if a participant ceases to be employed by BP prior to the end of the performance period, then the general rule is that this will preclude an award of shares. However, special arrangements apply where the participant leaves for a qualifying reason. Similarly, if a participant ceases to be employed by BP prior to the end of the restriction period, the general rule is that the restricted shares will be forfeited. Special arrangements apply where the participant leaves for a qualifying reason. Performance Share Plan (PSP) An equity-settled restricted share plan for senior professionals and team leaders. The award takes into account the recipient’s performance in the prior calendar year (the ‘performance period’). Shares, provided initially as share units, are restricted for a period of three years (the ‘restriction period’). Share units accrue notional dividends during the restriction period and these are reinvested. At the end of the restriction period additional units may be awarded based on BP’s TSR performance against the other oil majors. At award, share units are converted into shares. With regard to leaver provisions, the general rule is that leaving during the performance period will preclude an award of share units. If a participant ceases to be employed by BP prior to the end of the restriction period, the general rule is that share units will lapse. Special arrangements apply where the participant leaves for a qualifying reason. BP Annual Report and Accounts 2006 163 44 Share-based payments continued Restricted Share Plan (RSP) An equity-settled restricted share plan used predominantly for senior employees in special circumstances (such as recruitment and retention). There are no performance conditions but the shares are subject to a three-year restriction period. During the restriction period, shares accrue dividends, which are reinvested. With regard to leaver provisions, the general rule is that ceasing employment during the restriction period will result in the forfeit of shares. However, special arrangements apply where the participant leaves for a qualifying reason. BP Share Option Plan (BPSOP) An equity-settled share option plan that applies to certain categories of employees. Participants are granted share options with an exercise price no lower than market price of a share immediately preceding the date of grant. There are no performance conditions and the options are exercisable between the third and 10th anniversaries of the grant date. The general rule is that the options will lapse if the participant leaves employment before the end of the third calendar year from the date of grant (and that vested options are exercisable within 31/2 years from the date of leaving). However, special arrangements apply where the participant leaves for a qualifying reason and employment ceases after the end of the calendar year of the date of grant. From 2007, share options no longer form a regular element of our incentive plans. Savings and matching plans BP ShareSave Plan A savings-related share option plan, under which employees save on a monthly basis, over a three- or ﬁve-year period, towards the purchase of shares at ﬁxed price determined when the option is granted. This price is usually set at a 20% discount to the market price at the time of grant. The option must be exercised within six months of maturity of the savings contract; otherwise it lapses. The plan is run in the UK and options are granted annually, usually in June. Until 2003, a three-year savings plan was also run in a small number of other countries. Options will remain outstanding in respect of these countries until the end of June 2007. Participants leaving for a qualifying reason will have six months in which to use their savings to exercise their options on a pro-rated basis. BP ShareMatch Plans Matching share plans, under which BP matches employees’ own contributions of shares up to a predetermined limit. The plans are run in the UK and in over 70 other countries. The UK plan is run on a monthly basis with shares being held in trust for ﬁve years before they can be released free of any income tax and national insurance liability. In other countries, the plan is run on an annual basis with shares being held in trust for three years. The plan is operated on a cash basis in those countries where there are regulatory restrictions preventing the holding of BP shares. When the employee leaves BP, all shares must be removed from trust and units under the plan operated on a cash basis must be encashed. Local plans In some countries, BP provides local scheme beneﬁts, the rules and qualiﬁcations for which vary according to local circumstances. The above share plans are indicated as being equity-settled. However in certain countries it is not possible to award shares to employees owing to local legislation. In these instances the award will be settled in cash, calculated as the cash equivalent of the value to the employee of an equity-settled plan. Cash plans Cash Options / Stock Appreciation Rights (SARs) These are cash-settled share-based payments available to certain employees that require the group to pay the intrinsic value of the cash option/SAR to the employee at the date of exercise. There are no performance conditions; however, participants must continue in employment with BP for the ﬁrst three calendar years of the plan for the options/SARs to vest. Special arrangements may apply for qualifying leavers. The options/SARs are exercisable between the third and 10th anniversaries of the grant date. Employee Share Ownership Plans (ESOPs) ESOPs have been established to acquire BP shares to satisfy any awards made to participants under EDIP, MTPP, LTPP, DAB and the BP ShareMatch Plans. The ESOPs have waived their rights to dividends on shares held for future awards and are funded by the group. Until such time as the company’s own shares held by the ESOP trusts vest unconditionally in employees, the amount paid for those shares is deducted in arriving at shareholders’ equity. See Note 43. Assets and liabilities of the ESOPs are recognized as assets and liabilities of the group. At 31 December 2006, the ESOPs held 12,795,887 shares (2005 14,560,003 shares and 2004 8,621,219 shares) for potential future awards, which had a market value of $142 million (2005 $156 million and 2004 $84 million). ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- Share option transactions ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- 2006 Weighted average exercise price $ 7.64 11.18 8.69 6.52 7.99 8.25 Number of options 450,453,502 53,977,639 (7,169,710) (70,658,480) (131,489) 426,471,462 236,726,966 699,535,945 7.41 Number of options 470,263,808 54,482,053 (4,844,827) (68,687,976) (759,556) 450,453,502 222,729,398 955,924,506 2005 Weighted average exercise price $ 7.16 10.24 8.30 6.40 6.75 7.64 7.54 Number of options 461,885,881 80,394,760 (7,043,911) (62,625,182) (2,347,740) 470,263,808 224,627,758 966,076,636 2004 Weighted average exercise price $ 6.76 7.93 6.77 5.18 7.55 7.16 7.00 ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- Outstanding at beginning of the year Granted during the year Forfeited during the year Exercised during the year Expired during the year Outstanding at end of the year Exercisable at the end of the year Available for grant at 31 December 164 44 Share-based payments continued As share options are exercised continuously throughout the year, the weighted average share price during the year of $11.85 (2005 $10.77 and 2004 $8.95) is representative of the weighted average share price at the date of exercise. For the options outstanding at 31 December 2006, the exercise price ranges and weighted average remaining contractual lives are shown below. ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- Options outstanding Options exercisable ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- Range of exercise prices $5.10 – $6.79 $6.80 – $8.50 $8.51 – $10.21 $10.22 – $11.92 Number of shares 100,854,491 196,009,067 55,376,829 74,231,075 Weighted average remaining life Years Weighted average exercise price $ 3.92 4.93 5.79 8.81 6.02 8.01 9.30 11.14 Number of shares 87,474,704 122,344,799 26,907,463 – Weighted average exercise price $ 6.06 8.08 8.76 – ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- 426,471,462 5.48 8.25 236,726,966 7.41 ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- Fair values and associated details for options and shares granted ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- Options granted in 2006 Option pricing model used Weighted average fair value Weighted average share price Weighted average exercise price Expected volatility Option life Expected dividends Risk free interest rate Expected exercise behaviour ShareSave 5 year Binomial $3.08 $11.08 $9.10 24% 5.5 years 3.40% 4.75% 100% year 6 ShareSave 3 year Binomial $2.88 $11.08 $9.10 24% 3.5 years 3.40% 5.00% 100% year 4 BPSOP Binomial $2.46 $11.07 $11.17 22% 10 years 3.23% 4.50% 5% years 4-9, 70% year 10 ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- Options granted in 2005 Option pricing model used Weighted average fair value Weighted average share price Weighted average exercise price Expected volatility Option life Expected dividends Risk free interest rate Expected exercise behaviour Options granted in 2004 Option pricing model used Weighted average fair value Weighted average share price Weighted average exercise price Expected volatility Option life Expected dividends Risk free interest rate Expected exercise behaviour BPSOP Binomial $2.34 $10.85 $10.63 18% 10 years 2.72% 4.25% 5% years 4-9, 70% year 10 BPSOP Binomial $1.55 $8.12 $8.09 22% 10 years 3.75% 4.00% 5% years 4-9, 70% year 10 ShareSave 3 year Binomial $2.76 $10.49 $7.96 18% 3.5 years 3.00% 4.00% 100% year 4 ShareSave 5 year Binomial $2.94 $10.49 $7.96 18% 5.5 years 3.00% 4.25% 100% year 6 ShareSave 3 year Binomial $1.94 $8.75 $7.00 22% 3.5 years 3.75% 3.00% 100% year 4 ShareSave 5 year Binomial $2.13 $8.75 $7.00 22% 5.5 years 3.75% 3.75% 100% year 6 EDIP Options Binomial $1.34 $8.09 $8.09 22% 7 years 3.75% 3.50% 5% years 2-6, 75% year 7 ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- The group uses a third party estimate of expected volatility of US ADSs for the quarter within which the grant date of the relevant plan falls. This estimate takes into account the volatility implied by options in the market. ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- Shares granted in 2006 Number of equity instruments granted (million) Weighted average fair value Fair value measurement basis Shares granted in 2005 Number of equity instruments granted (million) Weighted average fair value Fair value measurement basis MTPP- TSR 8.7 $7.28 MTPP- FCF 7.8 $11.23 Monte Carlo Market value EDIP- TSR 3.3 $4.87 RSP 0.5 $11.07 Monte Carlo Market value Market value EDIP- LTL 0.5 $11.23 MTPP - TSR 9.3 $5.72 MTPP - FCF 8.4 $11.04 Monte Carlo Market value EDIP - TSR 3.7 $3.87 RSP 0.3 $11.04 Monte Carlo Market value Market value EDIP - LTL 0.5 $10.13 ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- BP Annual Report and Accounts 2006 165 44 Share-based payments continued The group used a Monte Carlo simulation to fair value the TSR element of the 2006 and 2005 MTPP and EDIP plans. In accordance with the rules of the plans the model simulates BP’s TSR and compares it against our principal strategic competitors over the three-year period of the plans. The model takes into account the historic dividends, share price volatilities and covariances of BP and each comparator company to produce a predicted distribution of relative share performance. This is applied to the reward criteria to give an expected value of the TSR element. ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- Shares granted in 2004 Number of equity instruments granted (million) Weighted average fair value Fair value measurement basis LTPP- SHRAM 6.8 $4.06 LTPP- EPS/ROACE 4.1 $7.21 Monte Carlo Market value EDIP- SHRAM 0.9 $4.06 RSP 0.1 $8.12 Monte Carlo Market value Market value EDIP- EPS/ROACE 0.5 $7.21 The group used a Monte Carlo simulation to fair value the SHRAM element of the 2004 LTPP and EDIP plan. In accordance with the rules of the plan, the model simulates BP’s SHRAM and compares it with the comparator companies (all companies in the FTSE All World Oil & Gas Index) over the three-year period of the plan. The SHRAMs of the comparator companies have been determined from market data over the preceding three-year period. The model takes into account the historic dividend yields, share price volatilities and covariances of BP and each comparator company to produce a predicted distribution of relative share performance. This is applied to the reward criteria to give an expected value of the SHRAM element. Accounting expense does not necessarily represent the actual value of share-based payments made to recipients which are determined by the Remuneration Committee according to established criteria. 45 Employee costs and numbers ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- Employee costs Wages and salaries Social security costs Share-based payments Pension and other post-retirement beneﬁt costs Innovene operations Continuing operations Number of employees at 31 December Exploration and Production Reﬁning and Marketinga Gas, Power and Renewables Other businesses and corporate By geographical area UK Rest of Europe USA Rest of World ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- a Includes 26,100 (2005 27,800 and 2004 27,900) service station staff. ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- Average number of employees Exploration and Production Reﬁning and Marketing Gas, Power and Renewables Other businesses and corporate UK 3,300 11,300 300 1,900 Rest of Europe 700 19,300 700 200 USA 6,100 24,900 1,600 1,900 Rest of World 8,100 15,000 1,700 100 2006 Total 18,200 70,500 4,300 4,100 ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- 16,800 20,900 34,500 24,900 97,100 ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- 2004 ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- UK 3,000 11,100 200 3,800 18,100 UK 2,900 10,300 200 3,700 17,100 Rest of Europe 600 19,700 800 3,900 25,000 Rest of Europe 700 19,200 800 4,800 25,500 ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- 2006 8,411 751 419 770 10,351 – 10,351 2006 19,000 69,500 4,500 4,000 97,000 16,900 20,200 33,700 26,200 97,000 USA 5,300 26,200 1,500 3,600 36,600 USA 4,900 27,200 1,400 5,700 39,200 2005 8,695 754 368 929 10,746 (892) 9,854 2005 17,000 70,800 4,100 4,300 96,200 16,500 21,300 34,400 24,000 96,200 Rest of World 7,300 14,000 1,400 300 23,000 Rest of World 6,900 12,900 1,600 1,000 22,400 $ million 2004 7,922 667 325 1,051 9,965 (898) 9,067 2004 15,600 69,800 4,000 13,500 102,900 17,500 25,900 36,900 22,600 102,900 2005 Total 16,200 71,000 3,900 11,600 102,700 Total 15,400 69,600 4,000 15,200 104,200 Average number of employees Exploration and Production Reﬁning and Marketing Gas, Power and Renewables Other businesses and corporate 166 46 Remuneration of directors and key management ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- 2006 2005 2004 $ million Remuneration of directors Total for all directors Emoluments Gains made on the exercise of share options Amounts awarded under incentive schemes 14 12 14 18 – 8 19 3 6 Emoluments These amounts comprise fees paid to the non-executive chairman and the non-executive directors and, for executive directors, salary and beneﬁts earned during the relevant ﬁnancial year, plus bonuses awarded for the year. Pension contributions Five executive directors participated in a non-contributory pension scheme established for UK staff by a separate trust fund to which contributions are made by BP based on actuarial advice. One US executive director participated in the US BP Retirement Accumulation Plan during 2006. Ofﬁce facilities for former chairmen and deputy chairmen It is customary for the company to make available to former chairmen and deputy chairmen, who were previously employed executives, the use of ofﬁce and basic secretarial facilities following their retirement. The cost involved in doing so is not signiﬁcant. Further information Full details of individual directors’ remuneration are given in the directors’ remuneration report on pages 68-75. Remuneration of key management ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- $ million ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- 2006 2005 2004 Total for all key management Short-term employee beneﬁts Post-retirement beneﬁts Share-based payments 30 4 26 25 4 27 24 3 20 Key management, in addition to executive and non-executive directors, includes other senior managers who attend the Group Chief Executive’s Meeting. Short-term employee beneﬁts In addition to fees paid to the non-executive chairman and non-executive directors, these amounts comprise, for executive directors and senior managers, salary and beneﬁts earned during the year, plus bonuses awarded for the year. Post-retirement beneﬁts The amounts represent the estimated cost to the group of providing deﬁned beneﬁt pensions and other post-retirement beneﬁts to key management in respect of the current year of service measured in accordance with IAS 19 ‘Employee Beneﬁts’. Share-based payments This is the cost to the group of key management’s participation in share-based payment plans, as measured by the fair value of options and shares granted accounted for in accordance with IFRS 2 ‘Share-based Payments’. The main plans in which key management have participated are the Executive Directors’ Incentive Plan (EDIP), the Medium Term Performance Plan (MTPP) and the Long Term Performance Plan (LTPP). For details of these plans refer to Note 44. BP Annual Report and Accounts 2006 167 47 Contingent liabilities There were contingent liabilities at 31 December 2006 in respect of guarantees and indemnities entered into as part of the ordinary course of the group’s business. No material losses are likely to arise from such contingent liabilities. Group companies have issued guarantees under which amounts outstanding at 31 December 2006 were $1,123 million (2005 $1,228 million) in respect of borrowings of jointly controlled entities and associates and $789 million (2005 $736 million) in respect of liabilities of other third parties. Approximately 200 lawsuits were ﬁled in State and Federal Courts in Alaska seeking compensatory and punitive damages arising out of the Exxon Valdez oil spill in Prince William Sound in March 1989. Most of those suits named Exxon (now ExxonMobil), Alyeska Pipeline Service Company (Alyeska), which operates the oil terminal at Valdez, and the other oil companies that own Alyeska. Alyeska initially responded to the spill until the response was taken over by Exxon. BP owns a 47% interest (reduced during 2001 from 50% by a sale of 3% to Phillips) in Alyeska through a subsidiary of BP America Inc. and brieﬂy indirectly owned a further 20% interest in Alyeska following BP’s combination with Atlantic Richﬁeld Company (Atlantic Richﬁeld). Alyeska and its owners have settled all the claims against them under these lawsuits. Exxon has indicated that it may ﬁle a claim for contribution against Alyeska for a portion of the costs and damages which it has incurred. If any claims are asserted by Exxon that affect Alyeska and its owners, BP will defend the claims vigorously. Since 1987, Atlantic Richﬁeld, a current subsidiary of BP, has been named as a co-defendant in numerous lawsuits brought in the US alleging injury to persons and property caused by lead pigment in paint. The majority of the lawsuits have been abandoned or dismissed as against Atlantic Richﬁeld. Atlantic Richﬁeld is named in these lawsuits as alleged successor to International Smelting & Reﬁning which, along with a predecessor company, manufactured lead pigment during the period 1920-1946. Plaintiffs include individuals and governmental entities. Several of the lawsuits purport to be class actions. The lawsuits (depending on plaintiff) seek various remedies, including: compensation to lead-poisoned children; cost to ﬁnd and remove lead paint from buildings; medical monitoring and screening programmes; public warning and education on lead hazards; reimbursement of government healthcare costs and special education for lead-poisoned citizens; and punitive damages. No lawsuit against Atlantic Richﬁeld has been settled nor has Atlantic Richﬁeld been subject to a ﬁnal adverse judgment in any proceeding. The amounts claimed and, if such suits were successful, the costs of implementing the remedies sought in the various cases could be substantial. While it is not possible to predict the outcome of these legal actions, Atlantic Richﬁeld believes that it has valid defences and it intends to defend such actions vigorously and thus the incurrence of a liability by Atlantic Richﬁeld is remote. Consequently, BP believes that the impact of these lawsuits on the group’s results of operations, ﬁnancial position or liquidity will not be material. In addition, various group companies are parties to legal actions and claims that arise in the ordinary course of the group’s business. While the outcome of such legal proceedings cannot be readily foreseen, BP believes that they will be resolved without material effect on the group’s results of operations, ﬁnancial position or liquidity. The group is subject to numerous national and local environmental laws and regulations concerning its products, operations and other activities. These laws and regulations may require the group to take future action to remediate the effects on the environment of prior disposal or release of chemicals or petroleum substances by the group or other parties. Such contingencies may exist for various sites including reﬁneries, chemical plants, oil ﬁelds, service stations, terminals and waste disposal sites. In addition, the group may have obligations relating to prior asset sales or closed facilities. The ultimate requirement for remediation and its cost are inherently difﬁcult to estimate. However, the estimated cost of known environmental obligations has been provided in these accounts in accordance with the group’s accounting policies. While the amounts of future costs could be signiﬁcant and could be material to the group’s results of operations in the period in which they are recognized, BP does not expect these costs to have a material effect on the group’s ﬁnancial position or liquidity. The group generally restricts its purchase of insurance to situations where this is required for legal or contractual reasons. This is because external insurance is not considered an economic means of ﬁnancing losses for the group. Losses will therefore be borne as they arise rather than being spread over time through insurance premiums with attendant transaction costs. The position is reviewed periodically. 48 Capital commitments Authorized future capital expenditure for property, plant and equipment by group companies for which contracts had been placed at 31 December 2006 amounted to $9,773 million (2005 $7,596 million). Capital commitments of jointly controlled entities amounted to $1,217 million (2005 $576 million). 49 First-time adoption of International Financial Reporting Standards For all periods up to and including the year ended 31 December 2004, BP prepared its ﬁnancial statements in accordance with UK generally accepted accounting practice (UK GAAP). BP, together with all other European Union (EU) companies listed on an EU stock exchange, was required to prepare consolidated ﬁnancial statements in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) as adopted by the EU with effect from 1 January 2005. The Annual Report and Accounts for the year ended 31 December 2005 comprised BP’s ﬁrst consolidated ﬁnancial statements prepared under IFRS. The general principle for ﬁrst-time adoption of IFRS is that standards in force at the ﬁrst reporting date (for BP, 31 December 2005) are applied retrospectively. However, IFRS 1 ‘First-time Adoption of International Financial Reporting Standards’ contains a number of exemptions that companies are permitted to apply. BP elected to take advantage of the exemption allowing comparative information on ﬁnancial instruments to be prepared in accordance with UK GAAP and the group adopted IAS 32 ‘Financial Instruments: Disclosure and Presentation’ (IAS 32) and IAS 39 ‘Financial Instruments: Recognition and Measurement’ (IAS 39) from 1 January 2005. Had IAS 32 and IAS 39 been applied from 1 January 2003, BP’s date of transition for all other IFRS in force at the ﬁrst reporting date, the following are the most signiﬁcant adjustments that would have been necessary in the ﬁnancial statements for the year ended 31 December 2004: – All derivatives, including embedded derivatives, would have been brought on to the balance sheet at fair value, and changes in fair value would have been recognized in the income statement. – Available-for-sale investments would have been carried at fair value rather than at cost and changes in fair value would have been recognized directly in equity. 168 49 First-time adoption of International Financial Reporting Standards continued The reconciliation set out below shows the adjustments to the group balance sheet at 1 January 2005 on the adoption of IAS 32 and IAS 39. ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- Group balance sheet reconcilation ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- $ million ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- IFRS at 31 December 2004 Fair value hedges Cash ﬂow hedges Other non- ﬁnancial contracts at fair value Other non- ﬁnancial contracts no longer at fair value Non- qualifying hedge derivatives Available- for-sale ﬁnancial assets Embedded derivatives Elimination of deferred gains/ losses Total IAS 39 adjustments IFRS at 1 January 2005 ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- Non-current assets Property, plant and equipment Goodwill Intangible assets Investments in jointly controlled entities Investments in associates Other investments Fixed assets Loans Other receivables Derivative ﬁnancial instruments Prepayments and accrued income Deﬁned beneﬁt pension plan surplus Current assets Loans Inventories Trade and other receivables Derivative ﬁnancial instruments Prepayments and accrued income Current tax receivable Cash and cash equivalents Total assets Current liabilities Trade and other payables Derivative ﬁnancial instruments Accruals and deferred income Finance debt Current tax payable Provisions Non-current liabilities Other payables Derivative ﬁnancial instruments Accruals and deferred income Finance debt Deferred tax liabilities Provisions Deﬁned beneﬁt pension plan and other post-retirement beneﬁt plan deﬁcits Total liabilities Net assets BP shareholders’ equity Minority interest Total equity 93,092 10,857 4,205 14,556 5,486 394 128,590 811 429 898 354 2,105 133,187 193 15,645 37,099 5,317 1,671 159 1,359 61,443 194,630 38,540 5,074 4,482 10,184 4,131 715 63,126 10,339 53,269 116,395 78,235 76,892 1,343 78,235 – – – – – – – – – 112 – – 112 – – – – – – – – 112 – – – – – – – – 112 112 – – – – – – – – – – – – – 79 – – 79 – – (2) 141 – – – 139 218 – 16 – – – – 16 – 64 80 138 138 – 138 – – – – – – – – – 8 – – 8 – – – 178 – – – 178 186 – 210 – – – – 210 – 4 214 (28) (28) – (28) – – – – – – – – – 110 – – 110 – – – 34 – – – 34 144 – 14 – – – – 14 – 56 70 74 74 – 74 – – – – – – – – – (34) – – (34) – – – 47 – – – 47 13 – – – – – – – – 5 5 8 8 – 8 – – – – – 344 344 – – – – – 344 – – – – – – – – 344 – – – – – – – – 114 114 230 230 – 230 – – – – – – – – – 599 – – 599 – – – 278 – – – 278 877 – 402 – – – – 402 – – – – – – – – – (147) – – (147) – – – – – – – – (147) – – – – – – – 93,092 – 10,857 – 4,205 – 14,556 – 5,486 – 344 738 344 128,934 811 429 1,625 354 2,105 1,071 134,258 – – 727 – – – – (2) 678 – – – 676 193 15,645 37,097 5,995 1,671 159 1,359 62,119 1,747 196,377 – 642 – – – – 642 38,540 5,716 4,482 10,184 4,131 715 63,768 – 884 1,286 (409) (409) – (409) – 109 109 (256) (256) – (256) 10,339 – 1,348 54,617 1,990 118,385 77,992 (243) (243) – (243) 76,649 1,343 77,992 3,581 158 699 12,907 16,701 8,884 – 129 – (17) – – – 4 – – 60 – – 17 – – (13) – – 12 – – 44 – – – – – 5 – – – – – 114 – – 1,151 – – (267) – – – – 164 (55) – – 1,313 – 147 (112) – 3,581 1,471 699 13,054 16,589 8,884 ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- The fair values of embedded derivatives are included within non-current and current derivative ﬁnancial instruments on the group balance sheet as this is believed to be the most appropriate presentation. Previously, these balances were reported within non-current and current prepayments and accrued income and accruals and deferred income. BP Annual Report and Accounts 2006 169 49 First-time adoption of International Financial Reporting Standards continued Adjustments required to the balance sheet as at 1 January 2005 for the adoption of IAS 32 and IAS 39 Under UK GAAP, all derivatives used for trading purposes were recognized on the balance sheet at fair value. However, derivative ﬁnancial instruments used for hedging purposes were recognized by applying either the accrual method or the deferral method. Under the accrual method, which was used for derivatives, principally swaps, used to manage interest rate risk, amounts payable or receivable in respect of derivatives are recognized ratably in earnings over the period of the contracts. Changes in the derivative’s fair value are not recognized. Under the deferral method, gains and losses from derivatives were deferred and recognized in earnings or as adjustments to carrying amounts as the underlying hedged transaction matured or occurred. This method was applied for derivatives used to convert non-US dollar borrowings into US dollars, to hedge signiﬁcant non-US dollar ﬁrm commitments or anticipated transactions, and to manage some of the group’s exposure to natural gas and power price ﬂuctuations. For IFRS, all ﬁnancial assets and ﬁnancial liabilities are recognized initially at fair value. In subsequent periods the measurement of these ﬁnancial instruments depends on their classiﬁcation into one of the following measurement categories: i) ﬁnancial assets or ﬁnancial liabilities at-fair-value- through-proﬁt-and-loss (such as those used for trading purposes and all derivatives which do not qualify for hedge accounting); ii) loans and receivables; and iii) available-for-sale ﬁnancial assets (including certain investments held for the long term). Fair value hedges Where fair value hedge accounting was applied to transactions that hedge the group’s exposure to the changes in the fair value of a ﬁrm commitment or a recognized asset or liability that are attributable to a speciﬁc risk the derivatives designated as hedging instruments are recorded at their fair value in the group’s balance sheet and changes in their fair value are recognized in the income statement. Any gain or loss on the hedged item attributable to the hedged risk is adjusted against the carrying amount of the hedged item and recognized in the income statement. The ‘pay ﬂoating’ interest rate swaps and currency swaps hedging the debt book in place on 1 January 2005 were highly effective and consequently qualify as fair value hedges for hedge accounting. The full fair value of the swaps was recognized on the balance sheet and the carrying value of debt was adjusted. Cash ﬂow hedges The group uses currency derivatives to hedge its exposure to variability in cash ﬂows arising either from a recognized asset or liability or a forecast transaction. The hedged instrument is recognized at fair value on the balance sheet. At maturity of the hedged item, the element deferred in equity is treated in accordance with the nature of the hedged exposure, for example, capitalized into the cost of an item of property, plant and equipment, or expensed in the case of a hedge of a tax payment. Non-qualifying hedge derivatives Under IAS 39, there are strict criteria that need to be met in order for hedge accounting to be applied. This adjustment records the impact of those derivatives, or elements thereof, held by the group that do not qualify for hedge accounting, or hedges for which hedge accounting has not been claimed under IAS 39. From 1 January 2005, these positions will be fair valued (‘marked to market’) and the change in fair value taken to income. Other non-ﬁnancial contracts at fair value Certain net-settled non-ﬁnancial contracts are deemed to meet the deﬁnition of ﬁnancial instruments under IAS 39 and, as such, need to be recorded on the balance sheet at fair value. Other non-ﬁnancial contracts no longer at fair value Certain non-ﬁnancial contracts held for trading purposes were marked to market under UK GAAP. However, under IFRS they could no longer be recorded at fair value as they did not meet the deﬁnition of ﬁnancial assets or ﬁnancial liabilities. These contracts are accounted for on an accruals basis. Available-for-sale ﬁnancial assets Under UK GAAP, the group’s investments other than subsidiaries, jointly controlled entities and associates were stated at cost less accumulated impairment losses. For IFRS, these investments are classiﬁed as available-for-sale ﬁnancial assets, and are recorded at fair value with the gain or loss arising as a result of the change in fair value being recorded directly in equity. The transition adjustment relates to the fair value of listed investments held by the group. In accordance with IAS 39, all future fair value adjustments will be booked directly in equity until disposal of the investment, when the cumulative associated gains or losses are recycled through the income statement. At this point, the gain or loss on disposal under IFRS will be identical to that which would result using historical cost accounting. Embedded derivatives Embedded derivatives are required to be separated from their host contracts and separately recorded at fair value, with any resulting change in gain or loss in the period being recognized in the income statement. Certain contracts have been determined to contain embedded derivatives. These embedded derivatives will be fair valued at each period end with the resulting gains or losses taken to the income statement. Elimination of currently deferred gains and losses from derivatives Under UK GAAP, gains and losses from derivatives are deferred and recognized in earnings or as adjustments to carrying amounts, as appropriate, when the underlying debt matures or the hedged transaction occurs. Where derivatives that are used to manage interest rate risk, to convert non-US dollar debtor to hedge other anticipated cash ﬂows are terminated before the underlying debt matures or the hedged transaction occurs, the resulting gain or loss is recognized on a basis that matches the timing and accounting treatment of the underlying debt or hedged transaction. On transition to IFRS, only assets and liabilities that qualify as such can continue to be recognized. Consequently, all gains and losses that were generated by derivatives used for hedging purposes and deferred in the balance sheet as if they were assets or liabilities must be eliminated from the transitional balance sheet. This is achieved by transferring gains and losses arising from cash ﬂow hedges to equity, pending recycling to income at a later date, and by transferring gains and losses arising from fair value hedges to adjust the carrying value of the hedged item, in this case, ﬁnance debt. 170 50 Subsidiaries, jointly controlled entities and associates The more important subsidiaries, jointly controlled entities and associates of the group at 31 December 2006 and the group percentage of ordinary share capital or joint venture interest (to nearest whole number) are set out below. The principal country of operation is generally indicated by the company’s country of incorporation or by its name. Those held directly by the parent company are marked with an asterisk (*), the percentage owned being that of the group unless otherwise indicated. A complete list of investments in subsidiaries, jointly controlled entities and associates will be attached to the parent company’s annual return made to the Registrar of Companies. ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- Subsidiaries ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- International Principal activities Principal activities Subsidiaries % % Country of incorporation Country of incorporation 100 England 100 England 100 England 100 England 100 England 100 England 100 Scotland Petrochemicals Exploration and production Investment holding Integrated oil operations Integrated oil operations Shipping Lubricants 100 Scotland Exploration and production Netherlands BP Capital BP Nederland 100 Netherlands 100 Netherlands Finance Reﬁning and marketing New Zealand BP Oil New Zealand 100 New Zealand Marketing Norway BP Norge Spain BP Espan˜ a South Africa 100 Norway Exploration and production 100 Spain Reﬁning and marketing Trinidad & Tobago BP Trinidad (LNG) BP Trinidad and Tobago 100 Netherlands 70 US Exploration and production Exploration and production 100 Bahamas Exploration and production *BP Southern Africa 75 South Africa Reﬁning and marketing BP Exploration (Angola) 100 England Exploration and production 100 Australia Integrated oil operations UK 100 Australia Finance 100 Australia 100 Australia Exploration and production Finance BP Capital Markets BP Chemicals BP Oil UK Britoil Jupiter Insurance 100 England 100 England 100 England 100 Scotland 100 Guernsey Finance Petrochemicals Reﬁning and marketing Exploration and production Insurance BP Chemicals Investments BP Exploration Op. Co. *BP Global Investments *BP International BP Oil International *BP Shipping *Burmah Castrol Algeria BP Amoco Exploration (In Amenas) BP Exploration (El Djazair) Angola Australia BP Oil Australia BP Australia Capital Markets BP Developments Australia BP Finance Australia Azerbaijan Amoco Caspian Sea British Virgin Exploration and production Petroleum BP Exploration (Caspian Sea) Canada BP Canada Energy BP Canada Finance Egypt BP Egypt Co. BP Egypt Gas Co. France BP France Germany Deutsche BP 100 Islands 100 England Exploration and production 100 Canada 100 Canada Exploration and production Finance 100 US 100 US Exploration and production Exploration and production 100 France Reﬁning and marketing and petrochemicals 100 Germany Reﬁning and marketing and petrochemicals US Atlantic Richﬁeld Co. *BP America BP America Production Company BP Amoco Chemical Company BP Company North America BP Corporation North America BP Exploration Alaska Inc. BP Products North America BP West Coast Products Standard Oil Co. BP Capital Markets America 100 US Exploration and production, gas, power and renewables, reﬁning and marketing, pipelines and petrochemicals Finance BP Annual Report and Accounts 2006 171 50 Subsidiaries, jointly controlled entities and associates continued ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- Country of incorporation or registration % Jointly controlled entities ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- Atlantic 4 Holdings Atlantic LNG 2/3 Company of Trinidad and Tobago LukArco Pan American Energya Ruhr Oel Shanghai SECCO Petrochemical Co. TNK-BP LNG manufacture LNG manufacture Exploration and production, pipelines Exploration and production Reﬁning and marketing and petrochemicals Petrochemicals Integrated oil operations US Trinidad & Tobago Netherlands US Germany China British Virgin Islands 38 43 46 60 50 50 50 Principal activities a Pan American Energy is not controlled by BP, as certain key business decisions require joint approval of both BP and the minority partner. It is thus classified as a jointly controlled entity rather than a subsidiary. ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- Associates ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- Abu Dhabi Country of incorporation Principal activities % Abu Dhabi Marine Areas Abu Dhabi Petroleum Co. Azerbaijan The Baku-Tbilisi-Ceyhan Pipeline Co. South Caucasus Pipeline Co. Trinidad & Tobago Atlantic LNG Company of Trinidad and Tobago 37 24 30 26 34 England England Cayman Islands Cayman Islands Crude oil production Crude oil production Pipelines Pipelines Trinidad & Tobago LNG manufacture 172 51 Oil and natural gas exploration and production activitiesa ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- $ million ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- 2006 ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- Capitalized costs at 31 December Gross capitalized costs Proved properties Unproved properties ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- 117,102 4,590 32,528 423 44,856 1,443 15,516 936 3,569 1,155 9,404 379 4,951 116 6,278 137 – 1 UK Rest of Europe USA Rest of Americas Asia Paciﬁc Africa Russia Other Total ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- 32,951 22,908 5,067 3,175 46,299 19,724 9,783 4,618 4,724 1,709 16,452 6,944 1 – 6,415 1,708 121,692 60,786 10,043 1,892 26,575 5,165 3,015 9,508 1 4,707 60,906 Accumulated depreciation Net capitalized costs The group’s share of jointly controlled entities’ and associates’ net capitalized costs at 31 December 2006 was $10,870 million. ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- Costs incurred for the year ended 31 December Acquisition of properties ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- Proved Unproved Exploration and appraisal costsb Development costs Total costs – – – 132 794 – – – 26 214 – 74 74 838 3,579 – 8 8 135 820 – 2 2 45 238 – 70 70 434 2,356 – – – 73 – – – – 82 1,108 – 154 154 1,765 9,109 926 240 4,491 963 285 2,860 73 1,190 11,028 ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- The group’s share of jointly controlled entities’ and associates’ costs incurred in 2006 was $1,688 million: in Russia $1,109 milion, Rest of Americas $424 million, Asia Paciﬁc $16 million and other $139 million. ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- Results of operations for the year ended 31 December Sales and other operating revenuesc ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- 5,378 2,329 7,707 628 1,024 1,652 1,381 14,572 15,953 2,196 3,229 5,425 1,159 807 1,966 1,647 2,875 4,522 – – – 768 7,640 8,408 13,157 32,476 45,633 20 1,312 492 (867) 1,612 (1) 145 38 90 213 634 2,311 887 2,561 2,083 132 638 295 478 685 11 155 63 154 175 132 509 – 104 865 17 – – 32 – 100 238 2,079 3,121 510 1,045 5,308 3,854 5,673 6,143 Third parties Sales between businesses Exploration expenditure Production costs Production taxes Other costs (income)d Depreciation, depletion and amortization Impairments and (gains) losses on sale of businesses and ﬁxed assets ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- (450) 2,119 5,588 2,567 (57) 428 1,224 793 (1,880) 6,596 9,357 3,136 42 2,270 3,155 1,443 (99) 459 1,507 472 (31) 1,579 2,943 1,328 – 49 (49) 3 – (2,475) 6,048 2,360 737 19,548 26,085 10,479 3,021 431 6,221 1,712 1,035 1,615 (52) 1,623 15,606 Proﬁt before taxatione,f Allocable taxes Results of operations ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- The group’s share of jointly controlled entities’ and associates’ results of operations in 2006 was a proﬁt of $3,302 million after deducting interest of $324 million, taxation of $1,804 million and minority interest of $193 million. a This note contains information relating to oil and natural gas exploration and production activities. Mid-stream activities of natural gas gathering and distribution and the operation of the main pipelines and tankers are excluded. The main mid-stream activities are the Alaskan transportation facilities, the Forties Pipeline system and the Central Area Transmission System. The group’s share of jointly controlled entities’ and associates’ activities is excluded from the tables and included in the footnotes, with the exception of the Abu Dhabi operations, which are included in the income and expenditure items above. b Includes exploration and appraisal drilling expenditures, which are capitalized within intangible fixed assets, and geological and geophysical exploration costs, which are charged to income as incurred. c Sales and other operating revenues represents proceeds from the sale of production and other crude oil and gas, including royalty oil sold on behalf of others where royalty is payable in cash. d Includes the value of royalty oil sold on behalf of others where royalty is payable in cash, property taxes, other government take and the fair value gain on embedded derivatives $515 million. e Excludes accretion expense attributable to exploration and production activities amounting to $153 million. Under IFRS, accretion expense is included in other finance expense in the group income statement. f The Exploration and Production profit before interest and tax is set out below. ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- $ million ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- Exploration and production activities Group (as above) Jointly controlled entities and associates Mid-stream activities Total proﬁt before interest and tax 5,588 – 250 5,838 1,224 – (14) 1,210 9,357 1 (31) 9,327 3,155 535 85 3,775 1,507 33 (31) 1,509 2,943 1 (11) 2,933 (49) 2,730 (24) 2,657 2,360 2 18 2,380 ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- 2006 26,085 3,302 242 29,629 BP Annual Report and Accounts 2006 173 51 Oil and natural gas exploration and production activitiesa continued ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- $ million ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- 2005 ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- Capitalized costs at 31 December Gross capitalized costs Proved properties Unproved properties ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- UK Rest of Europe USA Rest of Americas Asia Paciﬁc Africa Russia Other Total 31,552 276 31,828 22,302 9,526 4,608 135 4,743 2,949 1,794 46,288 1,547 47,835 22,016 25,819 9,585 583 10,168 4,919 5,249 2,922 1,124 4,046 1,508 2,538 12,183 656 12,839 6,112 6,727 5,184 155 5,339 1,200 4,139 112,322 4,661 116,983 61,006 55,977 ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- Accumulated depreciation Net capitalized costs The group’s share of jointly controlled entities’ and associates’ net capitalized costs at 31 December 2005 was $10,670 million. ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- Costs incurred for the year ended 31 December Acquisition of properties ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- Proved Unproved Exploration and appraisal costsb Development costs Total costs – – – 51 790 841 – – – 7 188 195 – 29 29 606 2,965 3,600 – 34 34 133 681 848 – – – 11 186 197 – – – 264 1,691 1,955 – – – 68 1,177 1,245 – 63 63 1,266 7,678 9,007 ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- The group’s share of jointly controlled entities’ and associates’ costs incurred in 2005 was $1,205 million: in Russia $845 million and Rest of Americas $360 million. ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- Results of operations for the year ended 31 December Sales and other operating revenuesc ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- Third parties Sales between businesses Exploration expenditure Production costs Production taxes Other costs (income)d Depreciation, depletion and amortization Impairments and (gains) losses on sale of businesses and ﬁxed assets Proﬁt before taxatione f Allocable taxes Results of operations 4,667 2,458 7,125 32 1,082 485 1,857 1,548 44 5,048 2,077 405 1,672 635 976 1,611 1 118 33 (55) 220 (1,038) (721) 2,332 880 1,452 2,048 14,842 16,890 426 1,814 610 2,200 2,288 232 7,570 9,320 3,377 5,943 2,260 2,863 5,123 84 578 281 537 675 (133) 2,022 3,101 1,390 1,711 1,045 782 1,827 6 159 54 170 162 – 551 1,276 447 829 1,350 2,402 3,752 81 460 – 98 542 – 1,181 2,571 1,043 1,528 690 4,796 5,486 17 180 1,536 2,042 193 – 3,968 1,518 409 1,109 12,695 29,119 41,814 684 4,391 2,999 6,857 5,628 (893) 19,666 22,148 7,950 14,198 ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- – 185 185 – 185 – – – 126 – 126 – – – 37 – – 8 – 2 47 (47) (1) (46) The group’s share of jointly controlled entities’ and associates’ results of operations in 2005 was a proﬁt of $3,029 million after deducting interest of $226 million, taxation of $1,250 million and minority interest of $104 million. a This note contains information relating to oil and natural gas exploration and production activities. Mid-stream activities of natural gas gathering and distribution and the operation of the main pipelines and tankers are excluded. The main mid-stream activities are the Alaskan transportation facilities, the Forties Pipeline system and the Central Area Transmission System. The group’s share of jointly controlled entities’ and associates’ activities is excluded from the tables and included in the footnotes, with the exception of the Abu Dhabi operations, which are included in the income and expenditure items above. b Includes exploration and appraisal drilling expenditures, which are capitalized within intangible fixed assets, and geological and geophysical exploration costs, which are charged to income as incurred. c Sales and other operating revenues represents proceeds from the sale of production and other crude oil and gas, including royalty oil sold on behalf of others where royalty is payable in cash. d Includes the value of royalty oil sold on behalf of others where royalty is payable in cash, property taxes, other government take, the fair value loss on embedded derivatives $1,688 million and a $265 million charge incurred on the cancellation of an intragroup gas supply contract. The UK region includes a $530 million charge offset by corresponding gains primarily in the US, relating to the group’s self-insurance programme. e Excludes accretion expense attributable to exploration and production activities amounting to $122 million. Under IFRS, accretion expense is included in other finance expense in the group income statement. f The Exploration and Production profit before interest and tax is set out below. ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- $ million ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- Exploration and production activities Group (as above) Jointly controlled entities and associates Mid-stream activities Total proﬁt before interest and tax 2,077 – 52 2,129 2,332 – (11) 2,321 9,320 – 172 9,492 3,101 309 148 3,558 1,276 35 (20) 1,291 2,571 – (39) 2,532 (47) 2,685 (1) 2,637 1,518 – 24 1,542 ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- 2005 22,148 3,029 325 25,502 174 – 119 119 – 119 – – – 113 – 113 5 – 5 17 – – (3) – – 14 (9) 2 (11) 51 Oil and natural gas exploration and production activitiesa continued ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- $ million ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- 2004 ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- Capitalized costs at 31 December Gross capitalized costs Proved properties Unproved properties ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- UK Rest of Europe USA Rest of Americas Asia Paciﬁc Africa Russia Other Total 30,639 300 30,939 20,780 10,159 4,691 170 4,861 2,794 2,067 43,011 1,395 44,406 19,713 24,693 10,450 456 10,906 5,546 5,360 2,892 1,240 4,132 1,350 2,782 10,401 526 10,927 5,573 5,354 3,834 105 3,939 1,014 2,925 105,918 4,311 110,229 56,770 53,459 ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- Accumulated depreciation Net capitalized costs The group’s share of jointly controlled entities’ and associates’ net capitalized costs at 31 December 2004 was $11,013 million. ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- Costs incurred for the year ended 31 December Acquisition of properties ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- Proved Unproved Exploration and appraisal costsb Development costs Total costs – 2 2 51 679 732 – – – 17 262 279 – 58 58 423 3,247 3,728 – 5 5 199 527 731 – – – 85 88 173 – 13 13 142 1,460 1,615 – – – 9 1,007 1,016 – 78 78 1,039 7,270 8,387 ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- The group’s share of jointly controlled entities’ and associates’ costs incurred in 2004 was $1,102 million: in Russia $773 million and Rest of Americas $329 million. ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- Results of operations for the year ended 31 December Sales and other operating revenuesc ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- Third parties Sales between businesses Exploration expenditure Production costs Production taxes Other costs (income)d Depreciation, depletion and amortization Impairments and (gains) losses on sale of businesses and ﬁxed assets Proﬁt before taxatione f Allocable taxes Results of operations 3,458 2,424 5,882 26 901 273 (211) 1,524 21 2,534 3,348 1,242 2,106 626 609 1,235 25 117 30 38 172 1 383 852 534 318 1,735 11,794 13,529 361 1,428 477 1,884 2,268 344 6,762 6,767 2,103 4,664 1,776 2,556 4,332 141 535 239 458 611 (55) 1,929 2,403 859 1,544 977 530 1,507 14 142 45 96 174 113 584 923 (4) 927 492 1,439 1,931 45 323 – 122 287 48 825 1,106 441 665 403 2,912 3,315 8 131 1,023 1,380 121 (3) 2,660 655 150 505 9,472 22,264 31,736 637 3,577 2,087 3,764 5,157 469 15,691 16,045 5,327 10,718 ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- The group’s share of jointly controlled entities’ and associates’ results of operations in 2004 was a proﬁt of $1,814 million after deducting interest of $189 million, taxation of $969 million and minority interest of $43 million. a This note contains information relating to oil and natural gas exploration and production activities. Mid-stream activities of natural gas gathering and distribution and the operation of the main pipelines and tankers are excluded. The main mid-stream activities are the Alaskan transportation facilities, the Forties Pipeline system and the Central Area Transmission System. The group’s share of jointly controlled entities’ and associates’ activities is excluded from the tables and included in the footnotes, with the exception of the Abu Dhabi operations, which are included in the income and expenditure items above. b Includes exploration and appraisal drilling expenditures, which are capitalized within intangible fixed assets, and geological and geophysical exploration costs,which are charged to income as incurred. c Sales and other operating revenues represents proceeds from the sale of production and other crude oil and gas, including royalty oil sold on behalf of others where royalty is payable in cash. d Includes the value of royalty oil sold on behalf of others where royalty is payable in cash, property taxes and other government take. e Excludes accretion expense attributable to exploration and production activities amounting to $120 million. Under IFRS, accretion expense is included in other finance expense in the group income statement. f The Exploration and Production profit before interest and tax is set out below. ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- $ million ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- Exploration and production activities Group (as above) Jointly controlled entities and associates Mid-stream activities Total proﬁt before interest and tax 3,348 – 105 3,453 852 – (15) 837 6,767 – 40 6,807 2,403 113 123 2,639 923 36 (50) 909 1,106 – (19) 1,087 (9) 1,665 – 1,656 655 – 42 697 ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- 2004 16,045 1,814 226 18,085 BP Annual Report and Accounts 2006 175 Additional information for US reporting 52 Suspended exploration well costs Included within the total exploration expenditure of $4,110 million (2005 $4,008 million and 2004 $3,761 million) shown as part of intangible assets (see Note 28) is an amount of $1,863 million (2005 $1,931 million and 2004 $1,680 million) representing costs directly associated with exploration wells. The carried costs of exploration wells are subject to technical, commercial and management review at least once a year to conﬁrm the continued intent to develop or otherwise extract value from the discovery. In evaluating whether costs incurred meet the criteria for initial and continued capitalization management uses two main criteria: (a) that exploration drilling is still under way or ﬁrmly planned, or (b) that it either has been determined, or work is underway to determine, that the discovery is economically viable, based on a range of technical and commercial considerations, and sufﬁcient progress is being made on establishing development plans and timing. The following table provides the year-end balances and movements for suspended exploration well costs. ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- $ million ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- Capitalized exploration well costs At 1 January Additions pending determination of proved reserves Exploration well costs written off in the year Costs of exploration wells divested in the year Reclassiﬁed to tangible assets following determination of proved reserves Reclassiﬁed to investment in jointly controlled entity At 31 December The following table provides an ageing proﬁle of suspended exploration wells. 2006 2005 2004 1,931 590 (168) (36) (251) (203) 1,863 1,680 565 (81) (72) (161) – 1,931 1,698 391 (84) (34) (291) – 1,680 ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- At 31 December Age Less than 1 year 1 to 5 years 6 to 10 years More than 10 years Total ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- Cost $ million 611 736 267 249 2006 Wells gross 45 64 37 26 1,863 172 2005 Wells gross 46 69 42 20 177 Cost $ million 411 787 292 190 1,680 Cost $ million 593 823 309 206 1,931 2005 Projects 2004 Wells gross 26 81 29 18 154 2004 Projects ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- The following table provides an analysis of the amount of costs directly associated with exploration wells. ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- Cost $ million Wells gross Cost $ million Wells gross Cost $ million Wells gross 2006 Projects ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- Exploration well costs Projects with ﬁrst capitalized exploration well Other projects with recent or planned drilling activity Projects with completed exploration activity At 31 December drilled in the 12 months ending 31 December 188 17 12 451 31 14 290 15 12 ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- 894 781 86 69 21 27 1,863 172 60 718 762 1,931 65 81 177 20 28 62 400 990 1,680 36 103 154 13 41 66 Exploration projects frequently involve the drilling of multiple wells over a number of years, and several discoveries may be grouped into a single development project. The table above shows a total of 48 projects which have exploration well costs which have been capitalized for more than twelve months as at 31 December 2006. Of these, there are 21 projects where exploratory wells have been drilled in the preceding 12 months or further exploratory drilling is planned in the next year. Projects with completed exploration activity comprise a total of 27 projects, whose costs totalled $781 million at 31 December 2006. Details of the activities being undertaken to progress these projects towards development are shown below. 176 77 43 43 3 17 51 51 72 72 48 52 Suspended exploration well costs continued ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- Country ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- Angola 2 2003-2005 2008-2009 Chumbo 26 Project Cost $ million 2006 wells gross Years wells drilled Anticipated year of development project sanction Comment Plutao/Saturno/Marte/ Venus 51 5 2002-2005 2007 ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- Colombia Volcanera 7 1 1993 2009 ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- Egypt Ras El Bar Seth 1 1 1995 2009-2012 Western Mediterranean Block B 14 3 2002-2004 2008-2017 ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- Indonesia Tangguh Phase II 4 9 1994-1997 2009-2011 ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- Norway Skarv/Snadd ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- Trinidad Chachalaca 9 8 1998-2002 2007 8 1 2005 2007 Assessment of hydrocarbon quantities as potentially commercial completed; development option identiﬁed and under evaluation; development plan for FPSO submitted. Assessment of hydrocarbon quantities as potentially commercial completed; development option using FPSO identiﬁed and under evaluation. Assessment of hydrocarbon quantities as potentially commercial completed; assessment of economic aspects of project in progress; development options identiﬁed and under evaluation; planned phased development linked to neighbouring ﬁeld using existing infrastructure; seismic survey in process. Assessment of hydrocarbon quantities as potentially commercial completed; development options identiﬁed and under evaluation; development planned through tieback to existing infrastructure; gas sale agreement in place. Assessment of hydrocarbon quantities as potentially commercial completed; development options identiﬁed and under evaluation; seismic survey completed and under review; concession agreement amendment negotiations under way. Assessment of hydrocarbon quantities as potentially commercial completed; assessment of economic aspects of project in progress; onshore and offshore development options identiﬁed and under evaluation. This is the second phase of the LNG project which is currently under development. Assessment of hydrocarbon quantities as potentially commercial completed; development options identiﬁed and under evaluation; planned development with ﬂoating production system and export infrastructure agreed with partners. Assessment of hydrocarbon quantities as potentially commercial completed; assessment of economic aspects of project in progress; development option selected. Assessment of hydrocarbon quantities as potentially commercial completed; assessment of economic aspects of project in progress; development options identiﬁed and under evaluation; planned subsea tieback to existing infrastructure. Assessment of hydrocarbon quantities as potentially commercial completed; development options identiﬁed and under evaluation; planned subsea tieback to existing infrastructure ﬁelds dedicated to LNG gas contract delivery; dependent upon capacity in existing infrastruture. Assessment of hydrocarbon quantities as potentially commercial completed; assessment of economic aspects of project in progress; development options identiﬁed and under evaluation; planned subsea tieback to existing production facilities and LNG train; inter-governmental discussions on unitization continue. Coconut 47 1 2005 2010+ Corallita/Lantana 24 2 1996 2007-2008 Manakin 21 1 2000 2010+ ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- 140 5 BP Annual Report and Accounts 2006 177 52 Suspended exploration well costs continued ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- Country ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- UK 1 1998 Andrew 2007 Project 14 Cost $ million 2006 wells gross Years wells drilled Anticipated year of development project sanction Comment ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- US Entrada 153 24 16 2 2000 2007 Devenick 90 3 1983-2001 2007 Pufﬁn 29 9 1982-1991 2008-2010 Suilven 20 3 1995-1998 2010-2011 Liberty 20 1 1997 2008 Mad Dog Deep Mad Dog Southwest Ridge 49 33 1 2005 2009-2011 3 2005 2008 Assessment of hydrocarbon quantities as potentially commercial completed; development options identiﬁed and under evaluation; development awaiting capacity in existing infrastructure; negotiations under way for gas sales contract. Assessment of hydrocarbon quantities as potentially commercial completed; assessment of economic aspects of project in progress; development options identiﬁed and under evaluation; development expected in conjunction with Harding Gas Project nearby. Assessment of hydrocarbon quantities as potentially commercial completed; further assessment of economic and developmental aspects of project to be undertaken; sub-surface and feasibility review under way; development awaiting capacity in existing infrastructure. Assessment of hydrocarbon quantities as potentially commercial completed; assessment of economic and developmental aspects of project in progress; development anticipated to be by tieback to existing production vessel; awaiting capacity in existing infrastructure. Assessment of hydrocarbon quantities as potentially commercial completed; development options identiﬁed and under evaluation; expected development as subsea tieback to facilities installed in 2005; negotiations with infrastructure owners for product handling agreement are under way. Assessment of hydrocarbon quantities as potentially commercial completed; development options identiﬁed and under evaluation; planned tieback via extended reach drilling from existing infrastructure; Memorandums of Understanding with two key permitting agencies have been secured. Assessment of hydrocarbon quantities as potentially commercial completed; assessment of economic and developmental aspects of project under way. Assessment of hydrocarbon quantities as potentially commercial completed; assessment of economic aspects of project under way; development options identiﬁed and under evaluation; development expected to be by subsea tieback. Assessment of hydrocarbon quantities as potentially commercial completed; assessment of economic aspects of project in place; development options identiﬁed and under evaluation; licence extension under negotiation. Initial assessment of hydrocarbon quantities as potentially commercial completed; further assessment of developmental aspects of project to be undertaken; further seismic study planned for 2007. ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- Vietnam Hai Thach 126 65 7 3 1995-2002 2008-2009 Kim Cuong Tay 13 1 1995 2010-2012 ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- 78 4 Miscellaneous smaller projects ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- 24 781 8 69 Certain projects which were classiﬁed as projects with completed exploration drilling activity at 31 December 2005 are not classiﬁed as such at 31 December 2006: – The following projects were sanctioned for development in 2006: Florena/Pauto in Colombia; Ras El Bar/Taurt in Egypt; Cashima and Red Mango in Trinidad; and Dorado in the US. – In Egypt, further exploratory drilling was undertaken in 2006 on the Temsah project, and $8 million relating to part of the project was sanctioned in 2006. – In Angola, the Bavuca/Kakocha/Mavacola/Mbulumbumba/Vicango project was regrouped into two separate projects, with one project planning further exploratory drilling in 2007 and an appraisal well having been drilled on the other in 2006. – In the US, the Point Thompson/Sourdough project was written off resulting in an expense of $27million in respect of the well costs. 178 53 US GAAP reconciliation The consolidated ﬁnancial statements of the BP group are prepared in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) as adopted for use by the EU, which differ in certain respects from US generally accepted accounting principles (US GAAP). IFRS as adopted by the EU differs in certain respects from IFRS as issued by the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB). However, the consolidated ﬁnancial statements for the years presented would be no different had the group applied IFRS as issued by the IASB. The following is a summary of the adjustments to proﬁt for the year attributable to BP shareholders and to BP shareholders’ equity that would be required if US GAAP had been applied instead of IFRS. ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- Proﬁt for the year ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- For the year ended 31 December Proﬁt as reported in the Annual Report and Accounts to accord with IFRS Texas City provision timing differencea Proﬁt as reported in the Annual Report on Form 20-F to accord with IFRS Adjustments ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- 22,341 (315) 22,026 17,075 – 17,075 $ million except per share amounts 22,000 315 22,315 2005 2004 2006 Deferred taxation/business combinations (a) Provisions (b) Oil and natural gas reserves differences (c) Goodwill and intangible assets (d) Derivative ﬁnancial instruments (e) Inventory valuation (f) Gain arising on asset exchange (g) Pensions and other post-retirement beneﬁts (h) Impairments (i) Equity-accounted investments (j) Consolidation of variable interest entities (l) Major maintenance expenditure (m) Share-based payments (n) Other (224) 177 (243) 13 142 162 (10) (873) (332) (104) (5) – 92 6 21,116 – 21,116 2 21,114 105.42 – 105.42 104.63 – 104.63 632.52 – 632.52 627.78 – 627.78 (496) 9 11 – 87 (232) (12) (486) (378) (255) – – 6 156 20,436 (794) 19,642 2 19,640 96.72 (3.76) 92.96 95.62 (3.71) 91.91 580.32 (22.56) 557.76 573.72 (22.26) 551.46 (517) (80) 30 (61) (337) 162 (107) (47) 677 147 – 217 24 (93) 17,090 – 17,090 2 17,088 78.31 – 78.31 76.88 – 76.88 469.86 – 469.86 461.28 – 461.28 ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- Proﬁt for the year before cumulative effect of accounting change as adjusted to accord with US GAAP Cumulative effect of accounting change Major maintenance expenditure (m) ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- Proﬁt for the year as adjusted to accord with US GAAP Dividend requirements on preference shares Proﬁt for the year attributable to ordinary shares as adjusted to accord with US GAAP Per ordinary share – cents Basic – before cumulative effect of accounting change Cumulative effect of accounting change ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- Diluted – before cumulative effect of accounting change Cumulative effect of accounting change Per American depositary share – centsb Basic – before cumulative effect of accounting change Cumulative effect of accounting change Diluted – before cumulative effect of accounting change Cumulative effect of accounting change ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- a BP’s financial statements for the year ended 31 December 2005 were authorized for issue on 6 February 2006 and were included in the 2005 Annual Report and Accounts. BP filed its 2005 Annual Report on Form 20-F on 30 June 2006. The financial statements included in this filing were approved on 30 June 2006 and reflected an additional provision of $315 million (post-tax) relating to the Texas City incident of March 2005 as a result of new information that came to light after 6 February 2006. The amount of this timing difference therefore appears as a reconciling item between the profit to accord with IFRS reported in the Annual Report and Accounts and the profit to accord with IFRS reported in the Form 20-F for both 2005 and 2006. Similarly, there was a difference of the same amount between BP shareholders’ equity to accord with IFRS at 31 December 2005 as reported in the 2005 Annual Report and Accounts and in the Form 20-F. b One American depositary share is equivalent to six ordinary shares. BP Annual Report and Accounts 2006 179 53 US GAAP reconciliation continued ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- BP shareholders’ equity ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- At 31 December BP shareholders’ equity as reported in the Annual Report and Accounts to accord with IFRS Texas City provision timing differencea BP shareholders’ equity as reported in the Annual Report on Form 20-F to accord with IFRS Adjustments ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- 79,976 (315) 79,661 84,624 – 84,624 $ million 2005 2006 Deferred taxation/business combinations (a) Provisions (b) Oil and natural gas reserves differences (c) Goodwill and intangible assets (d) Derivative ﬁnancial instruments (e) Inventory valuation (f) Gain arising on asset exchange (g) Pensions and other post-retirement beneﬁts (h) Impairments (i) Equity-accounted investments (j) Consolidation of variable interest entities (l) Share-based payments (n) Other 1,801 63 (202) 248 202 (5) 229 – 2 (160) (5) (254) (26) 86,517 2,025 (112) 41 171 225 (167) 239 3,146 327 (43) – (334) (32) 85,147 $ million 2006 2005 2004 21,116 19,642 17,090 1,824 (2,865) 2,143 480 (2) (504) 27 291 (42) (59) (32) 141 – (1,165) – 102 (131) – 82 23,125 249 17,053 (838) 17,371 ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- BP shareholders’ equity as adjusted to accord with US GAAP ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- Comprehensive income The components of comprehensive income, net of related tax, are as follows: For the year ended 31 December Proﬁt for the year as adjusted to accord with US GAAP Currency translation differences net of tax beneﬁt (expense) of $(203) million (2005 $328 million and 2004 $(208) million) Investments Unrealized gains net of tax beneﬁt (expense) of $(83) million (2005 $(110) million and 2004 $(71) million) Unrealized losses net of tax beneﬁt (expense) of $nil (2005 $16 million and 2004 $nil) Less: reclassiﬁcation adjustment for gains included in net income net of tax beneﬁt (expense) of $191 million (2005 $22 million and 2004 $627 million) Currency translation differences net of tax beneﬁt (expense) of $nil (2005 $nil and 2004 $nil) Unrealized gains (losses) on cash ﬂow hedges net of tax beneﬁt (expense) of $(3) million (2005 $63 million and 2004 $nil) Minimum pension liability adjustment net of tax beneﬁt (expense) of $44 million (2005 $(94) million and ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- 2004 $130 million) Comprehensive income ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- Accumulated other comprehensive income ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- At 31 December Currency translation differences Net unrealized gains on investments Unrealized losses on cash ﬂow hedges Minimum pension liability adjustment Funded status of deﬁned beneﬁt pension and other post-retirement beneﬁt plansc d Accumulated other comprehensive income ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- 1,496 385 (131) (866) – 884 3,320 386 (29) – (1,383) $ million 2,294 2005 2006 c The amount reported for the funded status of defined benefit pension and other post-retirement benefit plans at 31 December 2006 includes $(599) million resulting from the adoption of FASB Statement of Financial Accounting Standards (SFAS) No. 158 ‘Employers’ Accounting for Defined Benefit Pension and Other Post-retirement Plans, an amendment of FASB Statements No. 87, 88, 106, and 132(R)’. Further information on the effects of adoption of SFAS 158 is provided in note (h) Pensions and other post-retirement benefits. d Includes $(13) million relating to equity-accounted entities. Consolidated statement of cash ﬂows The group’s ﬁnancial statements include a consolidated cash ﬂow statement in accordance with IAS 7 ‘Cash Flow Statements’. The statement prepared under IAS 7 presents substantially the same information as that required under FASB SFAS No. 95 ‘Statement of Cash Flows’; however, as permitted under IAS 7, the group includes payments in respect of capitalized interest in operating activities. Under SFAS 95, these payments are treated as cash outﬂows for investing activities. The adjustments to the group’s cash ﬂow statement for the year to accord with US GAAP are summarized below. ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- 2006 478 (478) – 2005 351 (351) – $ million 2004 204 (204) – Increase (decrease) in caption heading For the year ended 31 December Net cash provided by operating activities Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities Increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents 180 53 US GAAP reconciliation continued The principal differences between IFRS and US GAAP for BP group reporting relate to the following: (a) Deferred taxation/business combinations Under IFRS, deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the difference between the assigned values and the tax bases of the assets and liabilities recognized in a purchase business combination. IFRS 3 ‘Business Combinations’ typically requires the offset to the recognition of such deferred tax assets and liabilities to be adjusted against goodwill. However, under the exemptions contained in IFRS 1 ‘First-time Adoption of International Financial Reporting Standards’, business combinations prior to the group’s date of transition to IFRS were not restated in accordance with IFRS 3 and the offset was taken as an adjustment to shareholders’ equity at the date of transition to IFRS. Under US GAAP, deferred tax assets or liabilities are also recognized for the difference between the assigned values and the tax bases of the assets and liabilities recognized in a purchase business combination. SFAS No. 141 ‘Business Combinations’, requires that the offset be recognized against goodwill. As such, the treatment adopted under IFRS 1 as compared with SFAS 141 creates a difference related to business combinations accounted for under the purchase method that occurred prior to the group’s date of transition to IFRS. The adjustments to proﬁt for the year and to BP shareholders’ equity to accord with US GAAP are summarized below. ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- $ million ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- The major components of deferred tax liabilities and assets on a US GAAP basis at 31 December were as follows. ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- $ million ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- Increase (decrease) in caption heading Depreciation, depletion and amortization Taxation Proﬁt for the year Property, plant and equipment Deferred tax liabilities BP shareholders’ equity Deferred tax liability Depreciation Pension plan surplus Other taxable temporary differences Deferred tax asset Petroleum revenue tax Pension plan and other post-retirement beneﬁt plan deﬁcits Decommissioning, environmental and other provisions Derivative ﬁnancial instruments Tax credit and loss carry forward Other deductible temporary differences Gross deferred tax asset Valuation allowance Net deferred tax asset Net deferred tax liability $ million 2006 2005 2004 397 (173) (224) 254 242 (496) 2,048 (1,531) (517) 2006 2005 3,062 1,261 1,801 3,459 1,434 2,025 2006 2005 22,295 1,733 4,687 28,715 (457) (2,012) (2,942) (928) (3,920) (2,623) (12,882) 3,830 (9,052) 19,663 20,782 1,371 4,214 26,367 (407) (1,154) (2,292) (770) (3,533) (1,591) (9,747) 3,222 (6,525) 19,842 ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- (b) Provisions Under IFRS, provisions for decommissioning and environmental liabilities are measured on a discounted basis if the effect of the time value of money is material. In accordance with IAS 37 ‘Provisions, Contingent Liabilities and Contingent Assets’, the provisions for decommissioning and environmental liabilities are estimated using costs based on current prices and discounted using rates that take into consideration the time value of money and risks inherent in the liability. The periodic unwinding of the discount is included in other ﬁnance expense. Similarly, the effect of a change in the discount rate is included in other ﬁnance expense in connection with all provisions other than decommissioning liabilities. Upon initial recognition of a decommissioning provision, a corresponding amount is also recognized as an item of property, plant and equipment and is subsequently depreciated as part of the capital cost of the facilities. Adjustments to the decommissioning liabilities, associated with changes to the future cash ﬂow assumptions or changes in the discount rate, are reﬂected as increases or decreases to the corresponding item of property, plant and equipment and depreciated prospectively over the asset’s remaining economic useful life. Under US GAAP, decommissioning liabilities are recognized in accordance with SFAS No. 143 ‘Accounting for Asset Retirement Obligations’. SFAS 143 is similar to IAS 37 and requires that when an asset retirement liability is recognized, a corresponding amount is capitalized and depreciated as an additional cost of the related asset. The liability is measured based on the risk-adjusted future cash outﬂows discounted using a credit-adjusted risk-free rate. The unwinding of the discount is included in operating proﬁt for the period. Unlike IFRS, subsequent changes to the discount rate do not impact the carrying value of the asset or liability. Subsequent changes to the estimates of the timing or amount of future cash ﬂows, resulting in an increase to the asset and liability, are remeasured using updated assumptions related to the credit-adjusted risk-free rate. In addition, the use of different oil and natural gas reserves volumes between US GAAP and IFRS until 1 October 2006 (see note (c) Oil and natural gas reserves differences) resulted in different ﬁeld lives and hence differences in the manner in which the subsequent unwinding of the discount and the depreciation of the corresponding assets associated with decommissioning provisions were recognized. BP Annual Report and Accounts 2006 181 53 US GAAP reconciliation continued Under US GAAP, environmental liabilities are discounted only where the timing and amounts of payments are ﬁxed and reliably determinable. Under IFRS, an expected loss is recognized immediately as a provision for an executory contract if the unavoidable costs of meeting the obligations under the contract exceed the economic beneﬁts expected to be received under it. Under US GAAP, an expected loss can only be recognized if the contract is within the scope of authoritative literature that speciﬁcally provides for such accruals. The group has recognized losses under IFRS on certain sales contracts with ﬁxed-price ceilings which do not meet loss recognition criteria under US GAAP. The adjustments to proﬁt for the year and to BP shareholders’ equity to accord with US GAAP are summarized below. Increase (decrease) in caption heading ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- Production and manufacturing expenses and depreciation, depletion and amortization Distribution and administration expenses Other ﬁnance (income) expense Taxation Proﬁt for the year ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- $ million ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- Property, plant and equipment Provisions Deferred tax liabilities BP shareholders’ equity At 1 January Exchange adjustments New provisions/adjustment to provisions Unwinding of discount Utilized/deleted At 31 December The following data summarizes the movements in the asset retirement obligations, as adjusted to accord with US GAAP. ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- $ million ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- (c) Oil and natural gas reserves differences The group’s past practice was to use the UK accounting rules contained in the Statement of Recommended Practice ‘Accounting for Oil and Gas Exploration, Development, Production and Decommissioning Activities’ (SORP) for estimating oil and natural gas reserves for accounting and reporting purposes. These rules are different in certain respects from the corresponding SEC rules. In particular, the SEC requires the use of year-end prices, whereas under SORP the group used long-term planning prices. The consequential difference in reserves volumes resulted in different charges for depreciation, depletion and amortization (DD&A) between IFRS and US GAAP. At the end of 2006, the group adopted the SEC rules for estimating oil and natural gas reserves for IFRS accounting and reporting purposes and the charge for DD&A was calculated on this basis for the last three months of the year. This is a change in accounting estimate and the impact of the change is applied prospectively. Differences in charges for DD&A between IFRS and US GAAP will continue due to the difference in net book values of the underlying oil and natural gas properties. The adjustments to proﬁt for the year and to BP shareholders’ equity to accord with US GAAP are summarized below. ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- Increase (decrease) in caption heading Gain on sale of businesses and ﬁxed assets Depreciation, depletion and amortization Taxation Proﬁt for the year Property, plant and equipment Deferred tax liabilities BP shareholders’ equity ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- $ million ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- US GAAP requires the unit-of-production depreciation calculation to be based on development expenditure incurred to date and proved developed reserves. Where production commences before all development wells are drilled, a portion of the development costs incurred to date is excluded from the calculation. For the group’s portfolio of ﬁelds there is no material difference between the group’s charge for unit-of-production depreciation determined on an IFRS basis and on a US GAAP basis. 182 $ million 2006 2005 2004 56 (108) (245) 120 177 201 – (201) (9) 9 254 – (196) 22 (80) 2006 2005 (2,065) (2,184) 56 63 (1,842) (1,666) (64) (112) 2006 4,429 9 1,679 280 (360) 6,037 2005 3,898 4 554 237 (264) 4,429 $ million 2006 2005 2004 (198) 201 (156) (243) – (20) 9 11 – (48) 18 30 2006 (331) (129) (202) 2005 68 27 41 2006 13 – 13 $ million 2004 – 61 (61) 2005 171 171 2005 – – – 2006 248 248 53 US GAAP reconciliation continued (d) Goodwill and intangible assets For the purposes of US GAAP, the group accounts for goodwill according to SFAS No. 141 ‘Business Combinations’, and SFAS No. 142 ‘Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets’. For the purposes of IFRS, the group accounts for goodwill under the provisions of IFRS 3 ‘Business Combinations’ and IAS 38 ‘Intangible Assets’. As a result of the transition rules available under IFRS 1, the group did not restate its past business combinations in accordance with IFRS 3 and assumed its UK GAAP carrying amount for goodwill as its IFRS carrying amount upon transition to IFRS, at 1 January 2003. Under US GAAP, goodwill and other indeﬁnite lived intangible assets have not been amortized since 31 December 2001. Such assets are subject to periodic impairment testing. The group has goodwill, but does not have any other intangible assets with indeﬁnite lives. Under IFRS, goodwill amortization ceased from 1 January 2003. The movement in the goodwill difference during 2006 is the result of movements in foreign exchange rates and a difference in the amount of goodwill allocated to the Gulf of Mexico Shelf assets sold. During the fourth quarter of 2006 the group completed a goodwill impairment review using the two-step process prescribed in US GAAP. The ﬁrst step includes a comparison of the fair value of a reporting unit to its carrying value, including goodwill. When the carrying value exceeds the fair value, the goodwill of the reporting unit is potentially impaired and the second step is then completed in order to measure the impairment loss, if any. No impairment charge resulted from this review. The adjustments to proﬁt for the year and to BP shareholders’ equity to accord with US GAAP are summarized below. ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- Increase (decrease) in caption heading Gain on sale of businesses and ﬁxed assets Depreciation, depletion and amortization Proﬁt for the year Goodwill BP shareholders’ equity ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- $ million ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- In accordance with group accounting practice, exploration licence acquisition costs are capitalized initially as an intangible asset and are amortized over the estimated period of exploration. Where proved reserves of oil or natural gas are determined and development is sanctioned, the unamortized cost is transferred to property, plant and equipment. Where exploration is unsuccessful, the unamortized cost is charged against income. At 31 December 2006 and 31 December 2005, exploration licence acquisition costs included in the group’s property, plant and equipment and intangible assets, net of accumulated amortization were as follows. ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- $ million ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- Exploration licence acquisition cost included in non-current assets (net of accumulated amortization) 2006 2005 Property, plant and equipment Intangible assets 1,076 639 1,201 597 Changes to the net book amount of exploration expenditure, goodwill and other intangible assets, as adjusted to accord with US GAAP, during the years ended 31 December 2006 and 2005 are shown below. ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- $ million ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- Exploration expenditure 3,761 (305) 552 4,008 (732) 834 4,110 Goodwill 11,535 – (862) 10,673 – 476 11,149 Additional minimum pension liability (h) Other intangibles 39 – (12) 27 – (27) – 443 (161) 482 764 (217) 589 1,136 Total 15,778 (466) 160 15,472 (949) 1,872 16,395 Net book amount At 1 January 2005 Amortization expense Other movements At 1 January 2006 Amortization expense Other movements At 31 December 2006 ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- Amortization expense relating to other intangibles is expected to be in the range of $200-250 million in each of the succeeding ﬁve years. BP Annual Report and Accounts 2006 183 53 US GAAP reconciliation continued (e) Derivative ﬁnancial instruments Under IFRS, the group accounts for its derivative ﬁnancial instruments under IAS 39 ‘Financial Instruments: Recognition and Measurement’. IAS 39 requires that derivative ﬁnancial instruments be measured at fair value and changes in fair value are either recognized in the income statement or directly in equity (other comprehensive income) depending on the classiﬁcation of the instrument. Changes in the fair value of derivatives held for trading purposes or those not designated or effective as hedges are recognized in the income statement. Changes in the fair value of derivatives designated and effective as cash ﬂow hedges are recognized directly in equity (other comprehensive income). Amounts recorded in equity are transferred to the income statement when the hedged transaction affects proﬁt or loss. Where the hedged item is the cost of a non-ﬁnancial asset or liability, the amounts taken to equity are transferred to the initial carrying amount of the non-ﬁnancial asset or liability. Changes in the fair value of derivatives designated and effective as fair value hedges are recognized in the income statement. The carrying amount of the hedged item is adjusted for gains and losses attributable to the risk being hedged with the corresponding gains and losses recognized in the income statement. On adoption of IAS 39 on 1 January 2005, all cash ﬂow and fair value hedges that previously qualiﬁed for hedge accounting under UK GAAP were recorded on the balance sheet at fair value with the offset recorded through equity. Under US GAAP all derivative ﬁnancial instruments are accounted for under SFAS No. 133 ‘Accounting for Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities’ and recorded on the balance sheet at their fair value. Similar to IAS 39, SFAS 133 requires that changes in the fair value of derivatives are recorded each period in the income statement or other comprehensive income, depending on whether the instrument is designated as part of a hedge transaction. Prior to 1 January 2005, the group did not designate any of its derivative ﬁnancial instruments as part of hedged transactions under SFAS 133. As a result, all changes in fair value were recognized in the income statement. A difference therefore exists between the treatment applied under SFAS 133 and that upon initial adoption of IAS 39 associated with those speciﬁc derivative instruments. This difference will remain until these individual derivative transactions mature. Additionally, under IFRS, hedge accounting can be applied to certain centrally-hedged foreign currency exposures. Under US GAAP, hedge accounting can be applied only where the companies between the central treasury and the entity having the foreign currency exposure have the same functional currency. The adjustments to proﬁt for the year and to BP shareholders’ equity to accord with US GAAP are summarized below. ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- $ million ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- Increase (decrease) in caption heading Production and manufacturing expenses Finance costs Taxation Proﬁt for the year Goodwill Finance debt Deferred tax liabilities BP shareholders’ equity (f) Inventory valuation Under IFRS, inventory held for trading purposes is remeasured to fair value with the changes in fair value recognized in the income statement. Under US GAAP, all balances recorded in inventory are measured at the lower of cost and net realizable value. The adjustments to proﬁt for the year and to BP shareholders’ equity to accord with US GAAP are summarized below. Increase (decrease) in caption heading ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- $ million ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- $ million 2006 2005 2004 (169) (17) 44 142 – (15) (72) 87 481 – (144) (337) 2006 2005 131 (117) 46 202 131 (140) 46 225 $ million 2006 2005 2004 (250) 88 162 357 (125) (232) (250) 88 162 2006 2005 (7) (2) (5) (257) (90) (167) Purchases Taxation Proﬁt for the year Inventories Deferred tax liabilities BP shareholders’ equity 184 53 US GAAP reconciliation continued (g) Gain arising on asset exchange Under IFRS, exchanges of non-monetary assets are generally accounted for at fair value at the date of the transaction, with any gain or loss recognized in proﬁt or loss. Under US GAAP prior to 1 January 2005, exchanges of non-monetary assets were accounted for at book value. From 1 January 2005 exchanges of non-monetary assets are generally accounted for at fair value under both IFRS and US GAAP. The adjustments to proﬁt for the year and to BP shareholders’ equity to accord with US GAAP are summarized below. ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- $ million ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- Increase (decrease) in caption heading Depreciation, depletion and amortization Taxation Proﬁt for the year Property, plant and equipment Deferred tax liabilities BP shareholders’ equity $ million 2006 2005 2004 15 (5) (10) 19 (7) (12) 117 (10) (107) 2006 2005 352 123 229 367 128 239 (h) Pensions and other post-retirement beneﬁts Under IFRS, the group accounts for its pension and other post-retirement beneﬁt plans according to IAS 19 ‘Employee Beneﬁts’. Surpluses and deﬁcits of pension and other post-retirement beneﬁt plans are included in the group balance sheet at their fair values and all movements in these balances are reﬂected in the income statement, except for those relating to actuarial gains and losses which are reﬂected in the statement of recognized income and expense. In the past, this treatment has differed from the group’s US GAAP treatment under SFAS No. 87 ‘Employers’ Accounting for Pensions’ and SFAS No. 106 ‘Employers’ Accounting for Post-retirement Beneﬁts Other Than Pensions’, where actuarial gains and losses were not recognized in the income statement as they occurred but were recognized within income in full only when they exceeded certain thresholds, and otherwise were amortized. This difference in recognition rules for actuarial gains and losses gave rise to differences in periodic pension and other post-retirement beneﬁt expense as measured under IAS 19 compared to SFAS 87 and SFAS 106. In addition, when a pension plan had an accumulated beneﬁt obligation which exceeded the fair value of the plan assets, SFAS 87 required the unfunded amount to be recognized as a minimum liability in the balance sheet. The offset to this liability was recorded as an intangible asset up to the amount of any unrecognized prior service cost or transitional liability, and thereafter directly in other comprehensive income. IAS 19 does not have a similar concept. As a result, this created a difference in shareholders’ equity as measured under IFRS and US GAAP. In September 2006, the FASB issued SFAS No. 158 ‘Employers’ Accounting for Deﬁned Beneﬁt Pension and Other Post-retirement Plans, an amendment of FASB Statements No. 87, 88, 106, and 132(R)’. SFAS 158 requires an employer to recognize the overfunded or underfunded status of a deﬁned beneﬁt post-retirement plan (other than a multi-employer plan) as an asset or liability in the balance sheet and to recognize changes in that funded status in other comprehensive income in the year in which the changes occur. Because the funded status of beneﬁt plans is fully recognized in the balance sheet, a minimum liability will no longer be recognized. Retrospective application of SFAS 158 is not permitted. Upon adoption of SFAS 158, the recognition of the overfunded or underfunded status of the group’s deﬁned beneﬁt pension and other post-retirement plans generally accords with the group’s IFRS accounting. Differences in recognition rules for actuarial gains and losses will continue to give rise to differences in periodic pension and other post-retirement beneﬁt expense as measured under IFRS and US GAAP. The group has adopted SFAS 158 with effect from 31 December 2006, resulting in a $599 million decrease in BP shareholders’ equity, as adjusted to accord with US GAAP. Of this total effect, $586 million relates to group entities and $13 million relates to equity-accounted entities. The effect on equity-accounted entities is included in note (j) Equity-accounted investments. Further information on the effects of adoption of SFAS 158 is given below. The adjustments to proﬁt for the year and to BP shareholders’ equity to accord with US GAAP are summarized below. ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- Increase (decrease) in caption heading Production and manufacturing expenses Other ﬁnance (income) expense Taxation Proﬁt for the year ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- $ million ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- Intangible assets Other receivables Deﬁned beneﬁt pension plan surplus Current liabilities Provisions Deﬁned beneﬁt pension plan and other post-retirement beneﬁt plan deﬁcits Deferred tax liabilities BP shareholders’ equity $ million 2006 2005 2004 801 470 (398) (873) 583 116 (213) (486) 330 (29) (254) (47) 2006 2005 – – – 603 – (603) – – 27 6,667 (3,282) – 7,884 (9,230) 1,612 3,146 The incremental effects of adopting the provisions of SFAS 158 on the group’s balance sheet at 31 December 2006, as adjusted to accord with US GAAP, are presented in the following table. The adoption of SFAS 158 had no effect on the group’s consolidated income statement, as adjusted to accord with US GAAP, and will not affect the group’s US GAAP proﬁt in future periods. Had the group not been required to adopt SFAS 158 at 31 December 2006, the group would have recognized an additional minimum pension liability. The effect of recognizing the additional minimum pension liability is included in the table below in the column headed ‘Prior to adoption’. BP Annual Report and Accounts 2006 185 53 US GAAP reconciliation continued ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- $ million ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- Prior to adoption Effect of adoption As reported 12 7,022 – – 8,622 – 573 (2,161) 1,022 238 784 (12) (7,022) 6,753 603 (8,622) 8,673 (349) (586) 935 349 586 – – 6,753 603 – 8,673 224 (2,747) 1,957 587 1,370 $ million 757 2,012 (2,161) 9 445 64 (4) 60 1,182 162 1,344 (102) 1,242 829 1,940 (2,140) 11 934 55 (43) 278 1,864 177 2,041 – 2,041 785 2,022 (2,115) 10 656 79 (38) 49 1,448 172 1,620 (83) 1,537 Intangible assets Other receivables Deﬁned beneﬁt pension plan surplus Current liabilities Provisions Deﬁned beneﬁt pension plan and other post-retirement beneﬁt plan deﬁcits Deferred tax liabilities BP shareholders’ equity Accumulated other comprehensive income Taxation Accumulated other comprehensive income (net of deferred tax) Deﬁned beneﬁt plans Service cost – beneﬁts earned during year Interest cost on projected beneﬁt obligation Expected return on plan assets Amortization of transition asset Recognized net actuarial (gain) loss Recognized prior service cost Curtailment and settlement (gains) losses Special termination beneﬁts Deﬁned contribution plans Further information in respect of the group’s deﬁned beneﬁt pension and other post-retirement plans required under US GAAP is set out below. Analysis of the pension and other post-retirement beneﬁts expense ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- 2006 2005 2004 ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- Innovene operations Total pension and other post-retirement beneﬁts expense for continuing operations The table below shows the amounts included in accumulated other comprehensive income at 31 December 2006 that have not yet been recognized as components of the pension and other post-retirement beneﬁts expense in the income statement, as adjusted to accord with US GAAP. ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- $ million Net actuarial (gain) loss Prior service cost (credit) Transition obligation (asset) Net actuarial (gain) loss Prior service cost (credit) Transition obligation (asset) ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- The amounts included in accumulated other comprehensive income at 31 December 2006 which are expected to be recognized as components of the pension and other post-retirement beneﬁts expense for the year ended 31 December 2007 in the income statement, as adjusted to accord with US GAAP are shown below. ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- $ million (1,407) 2,200 83 1,081 1,957 UK pension plans (1,805) 398 – US pension plans 2,099 101 – US other post- retirement beneﬁt plans 514 (431) – Other plans 1,055 19 7 Total 1,863 87 7 UK pension plans US pension plans 243 76 – 222 11 – US other post- retirement beneﬁt plans 47 (54) – Other plans 120 3 – Total 632 36 – ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- 319 233 (7) 123 668 186 53 US GAAP reconciliation continued The table below shows, at 31 December 2006, the aggregate projected beneﬁt obligation and the aggregate fair value of plan assets for those pension plans where the projected beneﬁt obligation exceeds the fair value of the plan assets. ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- $ million ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- Projected beneﬁt obligation Fair value of plan assets Excess of projected beneﬁt obligation over plan assets ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- The table below shows, at 31 December 2006, the aggregate accumulated beneﬁt obligation and the aggregate fair value of plan assets for those pension plans where the accumulated beneﬁt obligation exceeds the fair value of the plan assets. ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- $ million ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- Accumulated beneﬁt obligation Fair value of plan assets Excess of accumulated beneﬁt obligation over plan assets ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- A summary of beneﬁt obligations and amounts recognized under US GAAP in the balance sheet at 31 December 2005 is shown below. ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- $ million UK pension plans 117 – US pension plans 411 54 Other plans 7,082 1,554 Total 7,610 1,608 117 357 5,528 6,002 UK pension plans 92 – US pension plans 386 54 Other plans 5,770 660 Total 6,248 714 92 332 5,110 5,534 US other post- retirement beneﬁt plans 3,478 28 (3,450) – 793 (485) (3,154) – 12 US pension plans 7,900 7,317 (583) – 3,249 70 2,535 12 189 UK pension plans 20,063 23,282 3,219 – 222 490 3,910 – 21 Other plans 7,414 2,280 (5,134) 17 1,454 8 (4,508) 15 838 Total 38,855 32,907 (5,948) 17 5,718 83 (1,217) 27 1,060 ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- Beneﬁt obligation at 31 December Fair value of plan assets at 31 December Funded status Unrecognized transition (asset) obligation Unrecognized net actuarial (gain) loss Unrecognized prior service cost Net amount recognized Prepaid beneﬁt cost (accrued beneﬁt liability) Intangible asset Accumulated other comprehensive incomea ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- 3,931 2,736 (3,142) (3,655) (130) ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- a Total $866 million net of deferred tax. 3,931 2,736 (3,142) (3,655) (130) (i) Impairments Under IFRS, in determining the amount of any impairment loss, the carrying value of property, plant and equipment and goodwill is compared with the discounted value of the future cash ﬂows. Under US GAAP, SFAS No. 144 ‘Accounting for the Impairment or Disposal of Long-lived Assets’ requires that the carrying value is compared with the undiscounted future cash ﬂows to determine if an impairment is present, and only if the carrying value is less than the undiscounted cash ﬂows is an impairment loss recognized. The impairment is measured using the discounted value of the future cash ﬂows. Due to this difference, some impairment charges recognized under IFRS, adjusted for the impacts of depreciation, have not been recognized for US GAAP. Additionally, under IFRS, in certain situations and subject to certain limitations, a previously-recognized impairment loss is reversed. Under US GAAP, the reversal of a previously-recognized impairment loss for an asset to be held and used is not permitted. The decrease to gain on sale of businesses and ﬁxed assets for the year ended 31 December 2006 represents the impact of a 2005 impairment charge recognized under IFRS but not for US GAAP on certain Gulf of Mexico Shelf assets that were subsequently sold in 2006. The adjustments to proﬁt for the year and to BP shareholders’ equity to accord with US GAAP are summarized below. Increase (decrease) in caption heading ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- Gain on sale of businesses and ﬁxed assets Depreciation, depletion and amortization Impairment and losses on sale of businesses and ﬁxed assets Taxation Proﬁt for the year Property, plant and equipment Deferred tax liabilities BP shareholders’ equity ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- $ million ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- $ million 2006 2005 2004 (208) 6 340 (222) (332) – 28 477 (127) (378) – – (986) 309 677 2006 2005 (40) (42) 2 504 177 327 BP Annual Report and Accounts 2006 187 53 US GAAP reconciliation continued (j) Equity-accounted investments Under IFRS the group’s accounting policies are applied in arriving at the amounts to be included in the ﬁnancial statements in relation to equity-accounted investments. The major difference between IFRS and US GAAP in this respect relates to deferred tax (see note (a) Deferred taxation/business combinations). The adjustments to proﬁt for the year and to BP shareholders’ equity to accord with US GAAP are summarized below. ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- $ million ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- Increase (decrease) in caption heading Earnings from jointly controlled entities Proﬁt for the year Investments in jointly controlled entities BP shareholders’ equity (k) Assets classiﬁed as held for sale Recognition and measurement of assets classiﬁed as held for sale (and liabilities directly associated with assets classiﬁed as held for sale) under IFRS is substantially equivalent to US GAAP. However, the amounts presented for IFRS reporting differ from those under US GAAP due to differences in the underlying carrying values of the assets and liabilities classiﬁed as held for sale. The adjustments to BP shareholders’ equity to accord with US GAAP are summarized below. ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- Increase (decrease) in caption heading Goodwill Assets classiﬁed as held for sale BP shareholders’ equity (l) Consolidation of variable interest entities In December 2003, the FASB issued FASB Interpretation No. 46 (Revised) ‘Consolidation of Variable Interest Entities’. Interpretation 46 clariﬁes the application of existing consolidation requirements to entities where a controlling ﬁnancial interest is achieved through arrangements that do not involve voting interests. Under Interpretation 46, a variable interest entity is consolidated if a company is subject to a majority of the risk of loss from the variable interest entity’s activities or entitled to receive a majority of the entity’s residual returns. The group currently has several ships under construction or in service which are accounted for under IFRS as operating leases. Under Interpretation 46 certain of the arrangements represent variable interest entities that would be consolidated by the group. The maximum exposure to loss as a result of the group’s involvement with these entities is limited to the debt of the entity, less the fair value of the ships at the end of the lease term. During 2006, a number of the existing leasing arrangements that were being consolidated for US GAAP reporting were modiﬁed. Under the revised arrangements, the group is not the primary beneﬁciary. As such, the arrangements are no longer consolidated under US GAAP. The adjustments to proﬁt for the year and to BP shareholders’ equity to accord with US GAAP are summarized below. ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- $ million 2006 2005 2004 (104) (104) (255) (255) 147 147 2006 2005 (160) (160) (43) (43) $ million 2005 2006 (10) 10 – – – – $ million 2006 2005 2004 (18) 21 6 (4) (5) (32) 23 9 – – (15) 10 5 – – 2006 2005 497 (45) 551 (4) (5) 807 (31) 838 – – Increase (decrease) in caption heading Production and manufacturing expenses Depreciation, depletion and amortization Finance costs Taxation Proﬁt for the year Property, plant and equipment Trade and other payables Finance debt Deferred tax liabilities BP shareholders’ equity ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- $ million ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- 188 53 US GAAP reconciliation continued (m) Major maintenance expenditure For the purposes of US GAAP reporting, prior to 1 January 2005, the group capitalized expenditures on maintenance, reﬁts or repairs where it enhanced or restored the performance of an asset, or replaced an asset or part of an asset that was separately depreciated. This included other elements of expenditure incurred during major plant maintenance shutdowns, such as overhaul costs. With effect from 1 January 2005, the group changed its US GAAP accounting policy to expense the part of major maintenance that represents overhaul costs and similar major maintenance expenditure as incurred. The effect of this accounting change for US GAAP reporting is reﬂected as a cumulative effect of an accounting change for the year ended 31 December 2005 of $794 million (net of tax beneﬁts of $354 million). This adjustment is equal to the net book value of capitalized overhaul costs as of 1 January 2005 as reported under US GAAP. This new accounting policy reﬂects the policy applied under IFRS for all periods presented. As a result, a difference between IFRS and US GAAP exists for periods prior to 1 January 2005 which reﬂects the capitalization of overhaul costs net of the related depreciation charge as calculated under US GAAP. The adjustments to proﬁt for the year to accord with US GAAP are summarized below. Increase (decrease) in caption heading ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- Production and manufacturing expenses Depreciation, depletion and amortization Taxation Proﬁt for the year before cumulative effect of accounting change Cumulative effect of accounting change Proﬁt for the year 2006 2005 2004 $ million – – – – – – – – – – (794) (794) (586) 296 73 217 – 217 The following pro forma information summarizes the proﬁt for the year assuming the change in accounting for major maintenance expenditure was applied retrospectively with effect from 1 January 2004. 2005a $ million 2004 ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- Proﬁt for the year attributable to ordinary shares as adjusted to accord with US GAAP As reported Pro forma Per ordinary share – cents Basic – as reported Basic – pro forma Diluted – as reported Diluted – pro forma Per American depositary share – cents Basic – as reported Basic – pro forma Diluted – as reported Diluted – pro forma 19,640 20,434 17,088 16,871 92.96 96.72 91.90 95.61 557.76 580.32 551.40 573.66 78.31 77.32 76.88 75.97 469.86 463.92 461.28 455.82 a Pro forma data for the year ended 31 December 2005 excludes the cumulative effect of adoption. (n) Share-based payments The group adopted SFAS No. 123 (revised 2004), ‘Share-Based Payment’ with effect from 1 January 2005 using the modiﬁed prospective transition method. Under SFAS 123(R), share-based payments to employees are required to be measured based on their grant date fair value (with limited exceptions) and recognized over the related service period. For periods prior to 1 January 2005, the group accounted for share-based payments under Accounting Principles Board Opinion No. 25 using the intrinsic value method. With effect from 1 January 2005, as part of the adoption of IFRS, the group adopted IFRS 2 ‘Share-based Payment’. IFRS 2 requires the recognition of expense when goods or services are received from employees or others in consideration for equity instruments. In adopting IFRS 2, the group elected to restate prior years to recognize an expense associated with share-based payments that were not fully vested at 1 January 2003, BP’s date of transition to IFRS, and the liability relating to cash-settled share-based payments at 1 January 2003. As a result of the transition requirements of SFAS 123(R) and IFRS 2, certain differences between US GAAP and IFRS have arisen. For periods prior to 1 January 2005, the group has recognized share-based payments under IFRS using a fair value method which is substantially different from the intrinsic value method used under US GAAP. From 1 January 2005, the group has used the fair value method to measure share-based payment expense under both IFRS and US GAAP. A difference in expense exists however because the group uses a different valuation model under US GAAP for issued options outstanding and not yet vested at 31 December 2004 as required under the transition rules of SFAS 123(R). In addition, deferred taxes on share-based compensation are recognized differently under US GAAP than under IFRS. Under US GAAP, deferred taxes are recorded on share-based payment expense recognized during the period in accordance with SFAS 109. Under IFRS, deferred taxes are only recorded on the difference between the tax base of the underlying shares and the carrying value of the employee services as determined at each balance sheet date in accordance with IAS 12. BP Annual Report and Accounts 2006 189 $ million 2006 2005 2004 5 9 (106) 92 4 9 (19) 6 (28) (58) 62 24 2006 2005 254 (254) 334 (334) 53 US GAAP reconciliation continued The adjustments to proﬁt for the year and to BP shareholders’ equity to accord with US GAAP are summarized below. ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- Increase (decrease) in caption heading Production and manufacturing expenses Distribution and administration expenses Taxation Proﬁt for the year Deferred tax liabilities BP shareholders’ equity ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- $ million ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- (o) Discontinued operations Under IFRS, a component of an entity held for sale as part of a single plan to dispose of a separate major line of business is classiﬁed as a discontinued operation in the income statement. Under US GAAP (EITF Issue No. 03-13 ‘Applying the Conditions in Paragraph 42 of FASB Statement No. 144, Accounting for the Impairment or Disposal of Long-Lived Assets, in Determining Whether to Report Discontinued Operations’), a disposed component of an enterprise is classiﬁed as a discontinued operation only where the ongoing entity has no signiﬁcant continuing direct cash ﬂows and does not retain an interest, contract or other arrangement sufﬁcient to enable the entity to exert signiﬁcant inﬂuence over the disposed component’s operating and ﬁnancial policies after disposal. In connection with the sale of Innovene the group has a number of commercial arrangements with Innovene for the supply of reﬁning and petrochemical feedstocks, and the purchase and sale of reﬁned products. Because of continuing direct cash ﬂows that will result from activities with Innovene subsequent to divestment, under US GAAP the operations of Innovene would not be classiﬁed as a discontinued operation but would be included in the group’s continuing operations. Under IFRS, the operations of Innovene are classiﬁed as discontinued operations. The following summarizes the income statement reclassiﬁcations that would be made if the operations of Innovene were shown in continuing operations. ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- $ million ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- 2006 ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- As reported Reclassiﬁcation As adjusted 265,906 – 265,906 ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- 22,601 – 22,601 ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- $ million ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- 2005 ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- As reported Reclassiﬁcation As adjusted Sales and other operating revenues Proﬁt before interest and taxation from continuing operations Finance costs Other ﬁnance (income) expense Proﬁt before taxation from continuing operations Taxation Proﬁt from continuing operations Loss from Innovene operations Proﬁt for the year Sales and other operating revenues Proﬁt before interest and taxation from continuing operations Finance costs Other ﬁnance (income) expense Proﬁt before taxation from continuing operations Taxation Proﬁt from continuing operations Proﬁt from Innovene operations Proﬁt for the year 35,658 718 (202) 35,142 12,516 22,626 (25) 239,792 32,182 616 145 31,421 9,288 22,133 184 22,317 (184) – – (184) (159) (25) 25 12,376 141 – (3) 144 (40) 184 (184) – 35,474 718 (202) 34,958 12,357 22,601 – 252,168 32,323 616 142 31,565 9,248 22,317 – 22,317 ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- 190 53 US GAAP reconciliation continued ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- $ million ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- 2004 ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- As reported Reclassiﬁcation As adjusted Sales and other operating revenues Proﬁt before interest and taxation from continuing operations Finance costs Other ﬁnance expense Proﬁt before taxation from continuing operations Taxation Proﬁt from continuing operations Loss from Innovene operations Proﬁt for the year ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- 192,024 25,746 440 340 24,966 7,082 17,884 (622) 17,262 11,279 (714) – 17 (731) (109) (622) 622 – 203,303 25,032 440 357 24,235 6,973 17,262 – 17,262 (p) Energy trading contracts The disclosure requirements of EITF 02-03 ‘Issues Involved in Accounting for Derivative Contracts Held for Trading Purposes and Contracts Involved in Energy Trading and Risk Management Activities’, in respect of energy trading contracts are set out below. For the group, energy trading contracts in oil, natural gas, NGLs and power comprise exchange-traded derivative instruments such as futures and options and non-exchange-traded instruments such as swaps, ‘over-the-counter’ options and forward contracts. The following tables show the net fair value of contracts held for trading purposes at 31 December analysed by maturity period and by methodology of fair value estimation. ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- $ million ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- 2006 ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- Less than 1 year 1-3 years 4-5 years Prices actively quoted Prices sourced from observable data or market corroboration Prices based on models and other valuation methods ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- $ million ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- 2005 ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- 1-3 years 4-5 years Prices actively quoted Prices sourced from observable data or market corroboration Prices based on models and other valuation methods ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- – 654 12 666 Less than 1 year (179) 660 12 493 – 83 (26) 57 (146) (89) 1 (234) The following tables show the changes during the year in the net fair value of instruments held for trading purposes for the years 2006, 2005 and 2004. ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- $ million ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- Fair value of contracts at 1 January 2006 Contracts realized or settled in the year Unrealized gains (losses) recognized at inception of contract Unrealized gains (losses) recognized as a result of changes in valuation techniques and assumptions Other unrealized gains (losses) recognized during the year Fair value of contracts at 31 December 2006 ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- 18 729 41 ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- $ million Over 5 years – 4 20 24 Over 5 years (12) – 46 34 Natural gas price 270 (259) 249 – 469 Natural gas price 414 (681) (41) – 578 270 – 55 (14) 41 (4) 49 77 122 Oil price (34) 83 36 1 (68) Oil price (140) 144 (73) – 35 (34) Total – 796 (8) 788 Total (341) 620 136 415 Power price 179 (33) (69) – (36) Power price 177 76 1 – (75) 179 ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- Fair value of contracts at 1 January 2005 Contracts realized or settled in the year Unrealized gains (losses) recognized at inception of contract Unrealized gains (losses) recognized as a result of changes in valuation techniques and assumptions Other unrealized gains (losses) recognized during the year Fair value of contracts at 31 December 2005 ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- BP Annual Report and Accounts 2006 191 53 US GAAP reconciliation continued ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- $ million ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- Fair value of contracts at 1 January 2004 Contracts realized or settled in the year Unrealized gains (losses) recognized at inception of contract Unrealized gains (losses) recognized as a result of changes in valuation techniques and assumptions Other unrealized gains (losses) recognized during the year Fair value of contracts at 31 December 2004 ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- Oil price (154) 154 (33) – (107) (140) Natural gas price 191 259 73 – (109) 414 Power price 134 54 (3) – (8) 177 In addition to the risk management activities related to equity crude disposal, reﬁnery supply and marketing, BP’s supply and trading function undertakes trading in the full range of conventional derivative ﬁnancial and commodity instruments and physical cargoes available in the energy markets. The group controls the scale of the trading exposures by using a value-at-risk model with a maximum value-at-risk limit authorized by the board. The group measures its market risk exposure, i.e. potential gain or loss in fair values, on its trading activity using value-at-risk techniques. These techniques are based on a variance/covariance model or a Monte Carlo simulation and make a statistical assessment of the market risk arising from possible future changes in market values over a 24-hour period. The calculation of the range of potential changes in fair value takes into account a snapshot of the end-of-day exposures and the history of one-day price movements, together with the correlation of these price movements. The potential movement in fair values is expressed to 1.65 standard deviations which is equivalent to a 95% conﬁdence level. This means that, in broad terms, one would expect to see an increase or a decrease in fair values greater than the value at risk on approximately one occasion per month if the portfolio were left unchanged. The group calculates value at risk on all instruments that are held for trading purposes and therefore give an exposure to market risk. The value-at-risk models take account of derivative ﬁnancial instruments such as oil, natural gas and power price futures and swap agreements. Financial assets and liabilities and physical crude oil and reﬁned products that are treated as held for trading positions are also included in these calculations. For options, a linear approximation is included in the value-at-risk models. The value-at-risk calculation for oil, natural gas, NGLs and power price exposure also includes derivative commodity instruments (commodity contracts that permit settlement either by delivery of the underlying commodity or in cash), such as forward contracts. The following table shows values at risk for energy trading activities. ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- $ million ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- High Low Average Year end 2006 Oil price trading Natural gas and NGL price trading Power price trading 2005 Oil price trading Natural gas and NGL price trading Power price trading 2004 Oil price trading Natural gas and NGL price trading Power price trading 56 29 11 80 39 16 30 23 10 16 10 2 17 6 2 10 6 1 29 19 6 33 15 7 16 13 4 22 15 3 31 17 9 25 10 4 Impact of new US accounting standards Adopted for 2006 Accounting changes and error corrections In May 2005, the FASB issued SFAS No. 154 ‘Accounting Changes and Error Corrections, a replacement of APB Opinion No. 20 and FASB Statement No. 3’. SFAS 154 applies to all voluntary changes in accounting principle and changes the requirements for the accounting for and reporting of a change in accounting principle. SFAS 154 requires retrospective application to prior period ﬁnancial statements of a voluntary change in accounting principle unless it is impracticable. Previously, most voluntary changes in accounting principle were recognized by including in net income of the period of the change the cumulative effect of changing to the new accounting principle. SFAS 154 also requires that a change in the method of depreciation, amortization or depletion for long-lived non-ﬁnancial assets be accounted for as a change in accounting estimate that is affected by a change in accounting principle. Previously, such changes were reported as a change in accounting principle. SFAS 154 is effective for accounting changes and corrections of errors made in accounting periods beginning after 15 December 2005. The group adopted SFAS 154 with effect from 1 January 2006. The adoption of SFAS 154 did not have a signiﬁcant effect on the group’s proﬁt as adjusted to accord with US GAAP, or on BP shareholders’ equity as adjusted to accord with US GAAP. 192 53 US GAAP reconciliation continued Revenue In September 2005, the FASB ratiﬁed the consensus reached by the EITF regarding Issue No. 04-13 ‘Accounting for Purchases and Sales of Inventory with the Same Counterparty’. EITF 04-13 addresses accounting issues that arise when a company both sells inventory to and buys inventory from another entity in the same line of business. The purchase and sale transactions may be pursuant to a single contractual arrangement or separate contractual arrangements and the inventory purchased or sold may be in the form of raw material, work-in-process or ﬁnished goods. At issue is whether the revenue, inventory cost and cost of sales should be recorded at fair value or whether the transactions should be classiﬁed as non-monetary transactions. EITF 04-13 requires purchases and sales of inventory with the same counterparty that are entered into in contemplation of one another be combined and recorded as exchanges measured at the book value of the item sold. EITF 04-13 is effective for new arrangements entered into and modiﬁcations or renewals of existing arrangements in accounting periods beginning after 15 March 2006. The group adopted EITF 04-13 with effect from 1 January 2006. The adoption of EITF 04-13 did not have a signiﬁcant effect on the group’s proﬁt as adjusted to accord with US GAAP, or on BP shareholders’ equity as adjusted to accord with US GAAP. Share-based payments In February 2006, the FASB issued Staff Position No. FAS 123(R)-4 ‘Classiﬁcation of Options and Similar Instruments Issued as Employee Compensation That Allow for Cash Settlement upon the Occurrence of a Contingent Event’. FSP 123(R)-4 clariﬁes the classiﬁcation of options and similar instruments issued as employee compensation that allow for cash settlement upon the occurrence of a contingent event. Under FSP 123(R)-4, an option or similar instrument with a contingent cash settlement provision is classiﬁed as an equity award provided that the contingent event that permits or requires cash settlement is not considered probable of occurring, the contingent event is not within the control of the employee and the award includes no other features that would require liability classiﬁcation. For entities that adopted SFAS 123(R) prior to the issuance of FSP 123(R)-4, FSP 123(R)-4 is effective for accounting periods beginning after 3 February 2006. The group adopted FSP 123(R)-4 with effect from 1 January 2006. The adoption of FSP 123(R)-4 did not have a signiﬁcant effect on the group’s proﬁt as adjusted to accord with US GAAP, or on BP shareholders’ equity as adjusted to accord with US GAAP. Consolidation of variable interest entities In April 2006, the FASB issued Staff Position No. FIN 46(R)-6, ‘Determining the Variability to Be Considered in Applying FASB Interpretation No. 46(R)’. FSP 46(R)-6 clariﬁes how variability should be considered in applying FIN 46(R). Variability is used in applying FIN 46(R) to determine whether an entity is a variable interest entity, which interests are variable interests in the entity, and who is the primary beneﬁciary of the variable interest entity. Under FSP 46(R)-6, the variability to be considered in applying FIN 46(R)-6 is based on the design of the entity, the nature and risks of the entity and the purpose for which entity was created. FSP 46(R)-6 is effective for accounting periods beginning after 15 June 2006. The group adopted FSP 46(R)-6 with effect from 1 July 2006. The adoption of FSP 46(R)-6 did not have a signiﬁcant effect on the group’s proﬁt as adjusted to accord with US GAAP, or on BP shareholders’ equity as adjusted to accord with US GAAP. Pensions and other post-retirement beneﬁts In September 2006, the FASB issued SFAS No. 158 ‘Employers’ Accounting for Deﬁned Beneﬁt Pension and Other Post-retirement Plans, an amendment of FASB Statements No. 87, 88, 106, and 132(R)’. SFAS 158 requires an employer to recognize the overfunded or underfunded status of a deﬁned beneﬁt post-retirement plan (other than a multi-employer plan) as an asset or liability in the balance sheet and to recognize changes in that funded status in other comprehensive income in the year in which the changes occur. The group adopted SFAS 158 with effect from 31 December 2006, resulting in a $599 million decrease in BP shareholders’ equity, as adjusted to accord with US GAAP. Of this total effect, $586 million relates to group entities and $13 million relates to equity-accounted entities. Further information on the effects of adoption of SFAS 158 is provided in note (h) Pensions and other post-retirement beneﬁts. Financial statement misstatements In September 2006, the staff of the SEC issued Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 108, ‘Considering the Effects of Prior Year Misstatements when Quantifying Misstatements in Current Year Financial Statements’. SAB 108 was issued to address the diversity in practice in quantifying misstatements from prior years and assessing their effect on current year ﬁnancial statements. SAB 108 is effective for ﬁscal years ending after 15 November 2006. The adoption of SAB 108 did not have a signiﬁcant effect on the group’s proﬁt as adjusted to accord with US GAAP, or on BP shareholders’ equity as adjusted to accord with US GAAP. Not yet adopted Financial instruments In February 2006, the FASB issued SFAS No. 155, ‘Accounting for Certain Hybrid Financial Instruments – an amendment of FASB Statements No. 133 and 140’. SFAS 155 simpliﬁes the accounting for certain hybrid ﬁnancial instruments under SFAS 133 by permitting fair value remeasurement for ﬁnancial instruments containing an embedded derivative that otherwise would require separation of the derivative from the ﬁnancial instrument. SFAS 155 is effective for all ﬁnancial instruments acquired, issued or subject to a remeasurement event occurring in ﬁscal years beginning after 15 September 2006. The adoption of SFAS 155 is not expected to have a signiﬁcant effect on the group’s proﬁt as adjusted to accord with US GAAP, or on BP shareholders’ equity as adjusted to accord with US GAAP. Taxes collected from customers In June 2006, the FASB ratiﬁed the consensus reached by the EITF regarding Issue No. 06-3 ‘How Taxes Collected from Customers and Remitted to Governmental Authorities Should Be Presented in the Income Statement (That Is, Gross versus Net Presentation)’. Under EITF 06-3, taxes collected from customers and remitted to governmental authorities can be presented either gross within revenue and cost of sales, or net. Where such taxes are signiﬁcant, EITF 06-3 requires disclosure of the accounting policy for presenting taxes and the amount of any such taxes that are recognized on a gross basis. EITF 06-3 is effective for accounting periods beginning after 15 December 2006. The group has not yet adopted EITF 06-3. The group’s accounting policy with regard to taxes collected from customers and remitted to governmental authorities is to present such taxes net in the income statement, and as a result the adoption of EITF 06-3 will not have any impact. BP Annual Report and Accounts 2006 193 53 US GAAP reconciliation continued Income taxes In June 2006, the FASB issued FASB Interpretation No. 48 ‘Accounting for Uncertainty in Income Taxes an interpretation of FASB Statement No. 109’. Interpretation 48 clariﬁes the accounting for uncertainty with regard to income taxes recognized in an entity’s ﬁnancial statements in accordance with SFAS 109 and prescribes a recognition threshold and measurement attribute for the recognition and measurement of a tax position taken or expected to be taken in a tax return. Interpretation 48 also provides guidance on derecognition, classiﬁcation, interest and penalties, accounting in interim periods, disclosure and transition. The group will adopt Interpretation 48 with effect from 1 January 2007. Adoption of Interpretation 48 is not expected to have a signiﬁcant effect on the group’s proﬁt as adjusted to accord with US GAAP, or on BP shareholders’ equity as adjusted to accord with US GAAP. Fair value measurements In September 2006, the FASB issued SFAS No. 157 ‘Fair Value Measurements’. SFAS 157 deﬁnes fair value, establishes a framework for measuring fair value and expands disclosures about fair value measurements. SFAS 157 applies under other accounting pronouncements that require or permit fair value measurements. SFAS 157 is effective for accounting periods beginning after 15 November 2007. The group has not yet completed its evaluation of the impact of adopting SFAS 157 on the group’s proﬁt as adjusted to accord with US GAAP, or on BP shareholders’ equity as adjusted to accord with US GAAP. Fair value option In February 2007, the FASB issued SFAS No. 159 ‘The Fair Value Option for Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities – Including an amendment of FASB Statement No. 115’. SFAS 159 permits an entity, at speciﬁed election dates, to choose to measure certain ﬁnancial instruments and other items at fair value. The objective of SFAS 159 is to provide entities with the opportunity to mitigate volatility in reported earnings caused by measuring related assets and liabilities differently, without having to apply complex hedge accounting provisions. SFAS 159 is effective for accounting periods beginning after 15 November 2007. The group has not yet completed its evaluation of the impact of adopting SFAS 159 on the group’s proﬁt as adjusted to accord with US GAAP, or on BP shareholders’ equity as adjusted to accord with US GAAP. 54 Auditors’ remuneration for US reporting ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- $ million ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- 31 64 ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- Acquisition and disposal due diligence Pension plan audits Other further assurance services Tax services 2 – 3 3 – 5 2 – 16 2 1 23 6 – 6 7 1 9 ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- 5 9 UK 18 7 6 31 – – – 5 – 2006 Total 36 9 19 64 – 1 – 9 – UK 15 3 7 25 (8) 17 5 – 23 – 23 2005 Total 31 6 23 60 (8) 52 10 – 36 (1) 35 UK 13 4 4 21 (2) 19 3 – 15 – 15 2004 Total 27 7 16 50 (2) 48 13 1 31 (1) 30 Audit fees – Ernst & Young Group audit Audit-related regulatory reporting Statutory audit of subsidiaries Innovene operations Continuing operations Fees for other services – Ernst & Young Further assurance services Compliance services Advisory services Innovene operations Continuing operations Audit fees for 2006 include $5 million of additional fees for 2005 (2005 $4 million of additional fees for 2004). Audit fees are included in the income statement within distribution and administration expenses. Other further assurance services include $nil (2005 $4 million and 2004 $3 million) in respect of advice on accounting, auditing and ﬁnancial reporting matters; $nil (2005 $16 million and 2004 $1 million) in respect of internal accounting and risk management control reviews; $5 million (2005 $3 million and 2004 $3 million) in respect of non-statutory audits and $nil (2005 $nil and 2004 $2 million) in respect of project assurance and advice on business and accounting process improvement. The tax compliance services relate to income tax and indirect tax compliance and employee tax services. The audit committee has established pre-approval policies and procedures for the engagement of Ernst & Young to render audit and certain assurance and tax services. The audit fees payable to Ernst & Young are reviewed by the audit committee in the context of other global companies for cost-effectiveness. Ernst & Young performed further assurance and tax services that were not prohibited by regulatory or other professional requirements and were pre-approved by the committee. Ernst & Young is engaged for these services when its expertise and experience of BP are important. Most of this work is of an audit nature. Tax services were awarded either through a full competitive tender process or following an assessment of the expertise of Ernst & Young compared to that of other potential service providers. These services are for a ﬁxed term. Fees paid to major ﬁrms of accountants other than Ernst & Young for other services amount to $52 million (2005 $151 million and 2004 $82 million). 194 55 Summarized ﬁnancial information on jointly controlled entities and associates A summarized statement of income and assets and liabilities based on latest information available, with respect to the group’s equity-accounted jointly controlled entities and associates, is set out below. These ﬁgures represent 100% of the income statements and balance sheets of the equity-accounted entities, not BP’s ownership interest. ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- $ million ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- 56 Valuation and qualifying accounts ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- $ million ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- Additions ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- 2006 2005 2004 77,464 17,745 9,113 61,698 14,451 8,043 38,842 9,063 5,466 2006 58,086 24,153 82,239 (17,804) (23,973) 40,462 $ million 2005 52,401 19,808 72,209 (15,403) (20,328) 36,478 Sales and other operating revenues Gross proﬁt Proﬁt for the year At 31 December Non-current assets Current assets Current liabilities Non-current liabilities Net assets 2006 Fixed assets – Investmentsb Doubtful debtsb 2005 Fixed assets – Investmentsb Doubtful debtsb 2004 Fixed assets – Investmentsb Doubtful debtsb Balance at 1 January Charged to costs and expenses Charged to other accountsa Deductions Balance at 31 December 172 374 168 526 209 441 26 158 18 67 12 254 (3) 32 (13) (30) 4 6 (44) (143) (1) (189) (57) (175) 151 421 172 374 168 526 a Principally currency transactions. b Deducted in the balance sheet from the assets to which they apply. 57 Computation of ratio of earnings to ﬁxed charges For the year ended 31 December Proﬁt before taxation Group’s share of income in excess of dividends from equity-accounted entities Capitalized interest, net of amortization ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- Fixed charges 34,301 Interest expense Rental expense representative of interest Capitalized interest ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- Total adjusted earnings available for payment of ﬁxed charges Ratio of earnings to ﬁxed charges Fixed charges, as adjusted to accord with US GAAP Total adjusted earnings available for payment of ﬁxed charges, after taking account of adjustments to proﬁt before ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- taxation to accord with US GAAP Ratio of earnings to ﬁxed charges with adjustments to accord with US GAAP 2006 34,642 – (341) 718 946 478 2,142 36,443 17.0 2,142 34,856 16.3 $ million, except ratios 2005 2004 31,921 (710) (193) 31,018 559 605 351 1,515 32,533 21.5 1,525 30,550 20.0 24,966 (81) (133) 24,752 440 619 204 1,263 26,015 20.6 1,263 23,905 18.9 BP Annual Report and Accounts 2006 195 Revisions of previous estimates Purchases of reserves-in-place Extensions, discoveries and other additions Improved recovery Productionb Sales of reserves-in-place Supplementary information on oil and natural gas Movements in estimated net proved reserves For details of BP’s governance process for the booking of oil and natural gas reserves, see page 17. ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- Subsidiaries At 1 January 2006 Rest of Europe USA Rest of Americas Asia Paciﬁc Africa Russia Other Total Crude oila Developed Undeveloped ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- Changes attributable to 680 311 3,413 501 165 678 – 612 6,360 ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- At 31 December 2006c (76) (25) (205) (134) (12) 27 – (42) (467) ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- 367 153 705 – 570 5,893 Equity-accounted entities (BP share) At 1 January 2006 604 286 458 146 189 97 Developed Undeveloped Developed Undeveloped ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- Changes attributable to – – – 331 1 – 2,119 754 3,205 UK 496 184 (3) – 3 26 (92) (10) – – – – – – – – – – 225 86 1,984 1,429 215 286 (11) – – 9 (23) – – – – – – – – – – – (108) – 48 95 (178) (62) 1,916 1,292 3,208e – – – – – – – – – (9) – – 13 (39) (99) 130 237 207 124 (2) 28 1 34 (28) (4) 221 139 70 95 – – 1 4 (17) – 67 86 1 – – – – – – – 1 – 142 536 2 – 67 22 (64) – 193 512 – – – – – – – – – – 2006 million barrels 69 543 3,201 3,159 16 – – – (58) – (113) – 119 169 (471) (171) 88 482 3,041 2,852 – – – – – – – – – – 1,688 431 590 164 2,486 719 1,215 – – – (320) (170) (8) – – – (63) – 1,205 28 1 34 (411) (174) 2,200 644 520 163 2,942 946 ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- At 31 December 2006d – – – 29 – – 725 (71) 683 ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- – – – 360 1 – 2,844 683 3,888 a Crude oil includes natural gas liquids (NGLs) and condensate. Net proved reserves of crude oil exclude production royalties due to others, whether royalty is payable in cash or in kind. b Excludes NGLs from processing plants in which an interest is held of 55 thousand barrels a day. c Includes 779 million barrels of NGLs. Also includes 23 million barrels of crude oil in respect of the 30% minority interest in BP Trinidad and Tobago LLC. d Includes 28 million barrels of NGLs. Also includes 179 million barrels of crude oil in respect of the 6.29% minority interest in TNK-BP. e Proved reserves in the Prudhoe Bay field in Alaska include an estimated 81 million barrels upon which a net profits royalty will be payable over the life of the field under the terms of the BP Prudhoe Bay Royalty Trust. 196 Revisions of previous estimates Purchases of reserves-in-place Extensions, discoveries and other additions Improved recovery Production Sales of reserves-in-place Developed Undeveloped Supplementary information on oil and natural gas continued Movements in estimated net proved reserves ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- Natural gasa ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- billion cubic feet 2006 ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- Subsidiaries At 1 January 2006 UK Rest of Europe USA Rest of Americas Asia Paciﬁc Africa Russia Other Total Developed Undeveloped 2,382 904 245 80 11,184 4,198 3,560 10,504 1,459 5,375 934 2,000 281 1,342 20,045 24,403 ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- Changes attributable to 3,286 325 15,382 14,064 6,834 2,934 – 1,623 44,448 Revisions of previous estimates Purchases of reserves-in-place Extensions, discoveries and other additions Improved recovery Productionb Sales of reserves-in-place (343) – 101 144 (370) (25) 11 – – – (38) – (922) – 116 1,755 (941) (292) (291) – – 344 (982) (9) (92) – 21 71 (273) – (69) – 5 6 (169) – 33 – 2 9 (82) – (1,673) – 245 2,329 (2,855) (326) ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- At 31 December 2006c (493) (27) (284) (938) (273) (227) – (38) (2,280) ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- Equity-accounted entities (BP share) At 1 January 2006 2,793 298 15,098 13,126 6,561 2,707 – 1,585 42,168 1,968 825 242 56 10,438 4,660 3,932 9,194 1,359 5,202 1,032 1,675 331 1,254 19,302 22,866 – – – – – – – – – – ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- Changes attributable to – – – 2,340 76 – 1,258 182 3,856 – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 1,492 848 7 – 23 73 (171) (77) 1,460 735 50 26 13 – – 1 (15) – 52 23 – – – – – – – – – – 1,089 169 130 52 2,761 1,095 217 – – – (204) – 47 – – – (7) – 284 – 23 74 (397) (77) 1,087 184 170 52 2,769 994 ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- At 31 December 2006d – – – (145) (1) – 13 40 (93) Developed Undeveloped Developed Undeveloped Developed Undeveloped Revisions of previous estimates Purchases of reserves-in-place Extensions, discoveries and other additions Improved recovery Productionb Sales of reserves-in-place ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- a Net proved reserves of natural gas exclude production royalties due to others, whether royalty is payable in cash or in kind. b Includes 178 billion cubic feet of natural gas consumed in operations, 147 billion cubic feet in subsidiaries, 31 billion cubic feet in equity-accounted entities and excludes 8.3 billion cubic feet of produced non-hydrocarbon components which meet regulatory requirements for sales. c Includes 3,537 billion cubic feet of natural gas in respect of the 30% minority interest in BP Trinidad and Tobago LLC. d Includes 99 billion cubic feet of natural gas in respect of the 7.77% minority interest in TNK-BP. – – – 2,195 75 – 1,271 222 3,763 BP Annual Report and Accounts 2006 197 ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- Supplementary information on oil and natural gas continued Movements in estimated net proved reserves ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- Crude oila ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- million barrels 2005 ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- Subsidiaries At 1 January 2005 Rest of Europe USA Rest of Americas Asia Paciﬁc Africa Russia Other Total ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- Developed Undeveloped Changes attributable to Revisions of previous estimates Purchases of reserves-in-place Extensions, discoveries and other additions Improved recovery Productionb Sales of reserves-in-place At 31 December 2005c Developed Undeveloped Equity-accounted entities (BP share) At 1 January 2005 Developed Undeveloped Changes attributable to Revisions of previous estimates Purchases of reserves-in-place Extensions, discoveries and other additions Improved recovery Production Sales of reserves-in-place At 31 December 2005d Developed Undeveloped UK 559 210 769 (31) – 11 32 (101) – (89) 496 184 680 – – – – – – – – – – – – – 231 109 340 (8) – – 21 (27) (15) (29) 225 86 311 – – – – – – – – – – – – – 2,041 1,211 3,252 103 2 40 217 (200) (1) 161 1,984 1,429 3,413e – – – – – – – – – – – – – 311 299 610 (21) – 3 1 (53) (39) (109) 215 286 501 204 125 329 1 – 2 25 (26) – 2 207 124 331 65 85 150 21 – 11 – (17) – 15 70 95 165 1 – 1 – – – – – – – 1 – 1 204 643 847 (190) – 83 2 (64) – (169) 142 536 678 – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 1,863 294 2,157 319 – – – (333) (24) (38) 1,688 431 2,119 62 725 787 (148) – – 7 (34) – (175) 69 543 612 592 100 692 119 – – – (57) – 62 590 164 754 3,473 3,282 6,755 (274) 2 148 280 (496) (55) (395) 3,201 3,159 6,360 2,660 519 3,179 439 – 2 25 (416) (24) 26 2,486 719 3,205 ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- a Crude oil includes natural gas liquids (NGLs) and condensate. Net proved reserves of crude oil exclude production royalties due to others, whether royalty is payable in cash or in kind. b Excludes NGLs from processing plants in which an interest is held of 58 thousand barrels a day. c Includes 818 million barrels of NGLs. Also includes 29 million barrels of crude oil in respect of the 30% minority interest in BP Trinidad and Tobago LLC. d Includes 33 million barrels of NGLs. Also includes 95 million barrels of crude oil in respect of the 4.47% minority interest in TNK-BP. e Proved reserves in the Prudhoe Bay field in Alaska include an estimated 85 million barrels upon which a net profits royalty will be payable over the life of the field under the terms of the BP Prudhoe Bay Royalty Trust. 198 ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- Supplementary information on oil and natural gas continued Movements in estimated net proved reserves ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- Natural gasa ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- billion cubic feet 2005 ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- Subsidiaries At 1 January 2005 UK Rest of Europe USA Rest of Americas Asia Paciﬁc Africa Russia Other Total ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- 10,811 3,270 14,081 4,101 10,663 14,764 1,624 5,419 7,043 1,015 1,886 2,901 282 1,396 1,678 20,579 25,071 45,650 ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- 245 80 325 11,184 4,198 15,382 3,560 10,504 14,064 1,459 5,375 6,834 934 2,000 2,934 281 1,342 1,623 20,045 24,403 44,448 Developed Undeveloped Changes attributable to Revisions of previous estimates Purchases of reserves-in-place Extensions, discoveries and other additions Improved recovery Productionb Sales of reserves-in-place At 31 December 2005c Developed Undeveloped Equity-accounted entities (BP Share) At 1 January 2005 Developed Undeveloped Changes attributable to Revisions of previous estimates Purchases of reserves-in-place Extensions, discoveries and other additions Improved recovery Productionb Sales of reserves-in-place At 31 December 2005d Developed Undeveloped 2,498 1,183 3,681 (102) – 21 111 (425) – (395) 2,382 904 3,286 – – – – – – – – – – – – – 248 1,254 1,502 11 – 19 19 (44) (1,182) (1,177) – – – – – – – – – – – – – 447 66 47 1,773 (1,018) (14) 1,301 104 2 225 87 (888) (230) (700) – – – – – – – – – – – – – 1,397 977 2,374 26 – 28 66 (154) – (34) 1,492 848 2,340 (133) – 204 – (280) – (209) 107 69 176 (81) – – – (19) – (100) 50 26 76 152 – 44 – (163) – 33 – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 214 10 224 1,337 – – – (184) (119) 1,034 1,089 169 1,258 15 – – 10 (80) – (55) 60 23 83 102 – – – (3) – 99 130 52 182 494 68 560 2,000 (2,898) (1,426) (1,202) 1,778 1,079 2,857 1,384 – 28 66 (360) (119) 999 2,761 1,095 3,856 ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- a Net proved reserves of natural gas exclude production royalties due to others, whether royalty is payable in cash or in kind. b Includes 174 billion cubic feet of natural gas consumed in operations, 147 billion cubic feet in subsidiaries and 27 billion cubic feet in equity-accounted entities. c Includes 3,812 billion cubic feet of natural gas in respect of the 30% minority interest in BP Trinidad and Tobago LLC. d Includes 57 billion cubic feet of natural gas in respect of the 4.47% minority interest in TNK-BP. BP Annual Report and Accounts 2006 199 ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- Supplementary information on oil and natural gas continued Movements in estimated net proved reserves ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- Crude oila ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- million barrels 2004 ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- Subsidiaries At 1 January 2004 Rest of Europe USA Rest of Americas Asia Paciﬁc Africa Russia Other Total ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- Developed Undeveloped Changes attributable to Revisions of previous estimates Purchases of reserves-in-place Extensions, discoveries and other additions Improved recovery Productionb Sales of reserves-in-place At 31 December 2004c Developed Undeveloped Equity-accounted entities (BP share) At 1 January 2004 Developed Undeveloped Changes attributable to Revisions of previous estimates Purchases of reserves-in-place Extensions, discoveries and other additions Improved recovery Production Sales of reserves-in-place At 31 December 2004d Developed Undeveloped UK 697 245 942 (133) – 24 57 (121) – (173) 559 210 769 – – – – – – – – – – – – – 236 127 363 1 – – 4 (28) – (23) 231 109 340 – – – – – – – – – – – – – 1,902 1,499 3,401 (44) – 74 55 (217) (17) (149) 2,041 1,211 3,252e – – – – – – – – – – – – – 385 354 739 (92) – 5 31 (63) (10) (129) 311 299 610 206 134 340 (5) – 2 17 (25) – (11) 204 125 329 82 81 163 2 – 8 – (17) (6) (13) 65 85 150 1 – 1 – – – – – – – 1 – 1 190 632 822 19 – 48 6 (48) – 25 204 643 847 – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 1,384 410 1,794 382 252 – 37 (304) (4) 363 1,863 294 2,157 73 711 784 (192) – 213 3 (21) – 3 62 725 787 705 27 732 15 – – – (55) – (40) 592 100 692 3,565 3,649 7,214 (439) – 372 156 (515) (33) (459) 3,473 3,282 6,755 2,296 571 2,867 392 252 2 54 (384) (4) 312 2,660 519 3,179 ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- a Crude oil includes natural gas liquids (NGLs) and condensate. Net proved reserves of crude oil exclude production royalties due to others, whether royalty is payable in cash or in kind. b Excludes NGLs from processing plants in which an interest is held of 58 thousand barrels a day. c Includes 724 million barrels of NGLs. Also includes 40 million barrels of crude oil in respect of the 30% minority interest in BP Trinidad and Tobago LLC. d Includes 27 million barrels of NGLs. Also includes 127 million barrels of crude oil in respect of the 5.9% minority interest in TNK-BP. e Proved reserves in the Prudhoe Bay field in Alaska include an estimated 77 million barrels upon which a net profits royalty will be payable over the life of the field under the terms of the BP Prudhoe Bay Royalty Trust. 200 ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- Supplementary information on oil and natural gas continued Movements in estimated net proved reserves ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- Natural gasa ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- billion cubic feet 2004 ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- Subsidiaries At 1 January 2004 UK Rest of Europe USA Rest of Americas Asia Paciﬁc Africa Russia Other Total ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- Developed Undeveloped Changes attributable to Revisions of previous estimates Purchases of reserves-in-place Extensions, discoveries and other additions Improved recovery Productionb Sales of reserves-in-place At 31 December 2004c Developed Undeveloped Equity-accounted entities (BP share) At 1 January 2004 Developed Undeveloped Changes attributable to Revisions of previous estimates Purchases of reserves-in-place Extensions, discoveries and other additions Improved recovery Production Sales of reserves-in-place At 31 December 2004d Developed Undeveloped 2,996 1,095 4,091 262 1,255 1,517 11,482 3,337 14,819 4,212 11,531 15,743 (210) – 127 134 (461) – (410) 28 – – 4 (47) – (15) (438) 3 140 870 (1,111) (202) (738) (1,081) 2 991 76 (875) (92) (979) 2,498 1,183 3,681 248 1,254 1,502 10,811 3,270 14,081 4,101 10,663 14,764 – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 1,591 916 2,507 (12) – – 23 (144) – (133) 1,397 977 2,374 1,976 3,026 5,002 106 – 2,478 – (296) (247) 2,041 1,624 5,419 7,043 136 80 216 (17) – – – (23) – (40) 107 69 176 640 2,188 2,828 16 – 233 29 (102) (103) 73 1,015 1,886 2,901 – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 46 14 60 341 – – – (177) – 164 214 10 224 255 900 1,155 21,823 23,332 45,155 558 – 3 38 (76) – 523 (1,021) 5 3,972 1,151 (2,968) (644) 495 282 1,396 1,678 20,579 25,071 45,650 58 28 86 – – – – (3) – (3) 60 23 83 1,831 1,038 2,869 312 – – 23 (347) – (12) 1,778 1,079 2,857 ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- a Net proved reserves of natural gas exclude production royalties due to others, whether royalty is payable in cash or in kind. b Includes 190 billion cubic feet of natural gas consumed in operations, 165 billion cubic feet in subsidiaries and 25 billion cubic feet in equity-accounted entities. c Includes 4,064 billion cubic feet of natural gas in respect of the 30% minority interest in BP Trinidad and Tobago LLC. d Includes 13 billion cubic feet of natural gas in respect of the 5.9% minority interest in TNK-BP. BP Annual Report and Accounts 2006 201 Supplementary information on oil and natural gas continued Standardized measure of discounted future net cash ﬂows and changes therein relating to proved oil and gas reserves The following tables set out the standardized measures of discounted future net cash ﬂows, and changes therein, relating to crude oil and natural gas production from the group’s estimated proved reserves. This information is prepared in compliance with the requirements of FASB Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 69 – ‘Disclosures about Oil and Gas Producing Activities’. Future net cash ﬂows have been prepared on the basis of certain assumptions which may or may not be realized. These include the timing of future production, the estimation of crude oil and natural gas reserves and the application of year-end crude oil and natural gas prices and exchange rates. Furthermore, both reserves estimates and production forecasts are subject to revision as further technical information becomes available and economic conditions change. BP cautions against relying on the information presented because of the highly arbitrary nature of assumptions on which it is based and its lack of comparability with the historical cost information presented in the ﬁnancial statements. ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- $ million ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- UK Rest of Europe USA Rest of Americas Asia Paciﬁc Africa Russia Other Total ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- net cash ﬂowse ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- 7,800 1,600 40,300 7,900 7,600 13,400 12,000 90,600 At 31 December 2006 Future cash inﬂowsa Future production costb Future development costb Future taxationc Future net cash ﬂows 10% annual discountd Standardized measure of discounted future At 31 December 2005 Future cash inﬂowsa Future production costb Future development costb Future taxationc Future net cash ﬂows 10% annual discountd Standardized measure of discounted future At 31 December 2004 Future cash inﬂowsa Future production costb Future development costb Future taxationc Future net cash ﬂows 10% annual discountd Standardized measure of discounted future 45,300 20,700 3,300 10,300 11,000 3,200 68,200 21,700 2,200 17,600 26,700 8,500 47,400 19,200 2,200 9,900 16,100 4,700 18,200 4,700 1,500 9,400 2,600 1,000 18,600 3,900 1,000 10,200 3,500 1,400 21,700 4,500 1,900 11,200 4,100 2,000 218,900 71,300 18,600 43,100 85,900 45,600 261,800 55,800 16,300 65,300 124,400 63,700 169,500 37,800 10,800 41,800 79,100 38,100 46,800 14,900 4,900 12,900 14,100 6,200 75,600 15,200 4,300 28,800 27,300 12,600 52,600 14,300 4,400 16,300 17,600 8,000 36,800 9,400 3,800 7,000 16,600 9,000 34,600 6,900 3,500 7,300 16,900 9,600 27,200 6,700 3,500 5,200 11,800 6,900 47,700 8,700 6,600 10,600 21,800 8,400 46,300 7,800 6,100 10,600 21,800 8,700 35,000 5,800 4,700 6,900 17,600 7,500 – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 36,200 7,200 3,900 5,800 19,300 7,300 38,200 7,400 4,600 6,000 20,200 8,100 34,200 6,900 5,100 5,000 17,200 7,800 449,900 136,900 42,600 99,100 171,300 80,700 543,300 118,700 38,000 145,800 240,800 112,600 387,600 95,200 32,600 96,300 163,500 75,000 ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- net cash ﬂowse ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- 18,200 2,100 60,700 14,700 7,300 13,100 12,100 128,200 ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- net cash ﬂowse 11,400 2,100 41,000 9,600 4,900 10,100 – 9,400 88,500 The following are the principal sources of change in the standardized measure of discounted future net cash ﬂows: ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- $ million ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- Sales and transfers of oil and gas produced, net of production costs Development costs incurred during the year Extensions, discoveries and improved recovery, less related costs Net changes in prices and production costf Revisions of previous reserves estimates Net change in taxation Future development costs Net change in purchase and sales of reserves-in-place Addition of 10% annual discount Total change in the standardized measure during the year 2006 2005 2004 (35,800) 8,200 7,900 (43,900) (9,500) 32,200 (7,000) (2,500) 12,800 (37,600) (24,300) 7,100 10,100 84,200 (17,400) (20,500) (5,800) (2,500) 8,800 39,700 (24,100) 6,300 3,100 27,600 (10,700) 1,900 (3,200) (1,000) 8,100 8,000 ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- a The year end marker prices used were Brent $58.93/bbl, Henry Hub $5.52/mmBtu (2005 Brent $58.21/bbl, Henry Hub $9.52/mmBtu; 2004 Brent $40.24/bbl, Henry Hub $6.01/mmBtu). b Production costs, which include production taxes, and development costs relating to future production of proved reserves are based on year-end cost levels and assume continuation of existing economic conditions. Future decommissioning costs are included. c Taxation is computed using appropriate year-end statutory corporate income tax rates. d Future net cash flows from oil and natural gas production are discounted at 10% regardless of the group assessment of the risk associated with its producing activities. e Minority interest in BP Trinidad and Tobago LLC amounted to $1,300 million at 31 December 2006 ($2,700 million at 31 December 2005 and $1,600 million at 31 December 2004). f Net changes in prices and production costs includes the effect of exchange rate movements. 202 Supplementary information on oil and natural gas continued Equity-accounted entities In addition, at 31 December 2006 the group’s share of the standardized measure of discounted future net cash ﬂows of equity-accounted entities amounted to $14,700 million ($19,300 million at 31 December 2005 and $10,900 million at 31 December 2004). Operational and statistical information The following tables present operational and statistical information related to production, drilling, productive wells and acreage. Crude oil and natural gas production The following table shows crude oil and natural gas production for the years ended 31 December 2006, 2005 and 2004. Production for the yeara ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- UK Rest of Europe USA Rest of Americas Asia Paciﬁc Africa Russia Other Total ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- Subsidiaries Crude oilb 2006 2005 2004 Natural gasc 2006 2005 2004 Equity-accounted entities (BP share) Crude oilb 2006 2005 2004 Natural gasc 2006 2005 2004 253 277 330 61 75 77 547 612 666 108 144 173 44 47 48 177 175 130 – – – 161 93 56 1,351 1,423 1,480 936 1,090 1,174 91 108 125 2,376 2,546 2,749 2,645 2,384 2,334 727 751 775 430 422 267 – – – 207 211 200 7,412 7,512 7,624 – – – – – – – – – 77 71 68 1 – 2 – – – 876 911 831 170 157 150 1,124 1,139 1,051 – – – – – – – – – 416 375 353 37 47 60 – – – 544 482 458 8 8 8 1,005 912 879 thousand barrels per day million cubic feet per day thousand barrels per day million cubic feet per day ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- a All volumes are net of royalty, whether payable in cash or in kind. b Crude oil includes natural gas liquids and condensate. c Natural gas production excludes gas consumed in operations. Productive oil and gas wells and acreage The following tables show the number of gross and net productive oil and natural gas wells and total gross and net developed and undeveloped oil and natural gas acreage in which the group and its equity-accounted entities had interests as of 31 December 2006. A ‘gross’ well or acre is one in which a whole or fractional working interest is owned, while the number of ‘net’ wells or acres is the sum of the whole or fractional working interests in gross wells or acres. Productive wells are producing wells and wells capable of production. Developed acreage is the acreage within the boundary of a ﬁeld, on which development wells have been drilled, which could produce the reserves; while undeveloped acres are those on which wells have not been drilled or completed to a point that would permit the production of commercial quantities, whether or not such acres contain proved reserves. ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- UK Rest of Europe USA Rest of Americas Asia Paciﬁc Africa Russia Other Total Number of productive wells at 31 December 2006 Oil wellsa Gas wellsb – gross – net – gross – net 270 145 300 140 87 27 38 14 8,226 2,402 17,601 11,318 3,379 1,839 2,256 1,377 351 151 648 238 603 524 83 40 18,967 8,090 42 20 1,491 198 124 52 33,374 13,376 21,092 13,199 a Includes approximately 976 gross (281.8 net) multiple completion wells (more than one formation producing into the same well bore). b Includes approximately 2,283 gross (1,524.6 net) multiple completion wells. If one of the multiple completions in a well is an oil completion, the well is classified as an oil well. ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- UK Rest of Europe USA Rest of Americas Asia Paciﬁc Africa Russia Other Total Oil and natural gas acreage at 31 December 2006 Developed – gross – net Undevelopeda – gross – net a Undeveloped acreage includes leases and concessions. 433 203 2,100 1,154 138 44 1,053 339 7,392 4,725 6,809 4,797 3,161 1,470 12,436 5,861 1,072 262 7,765 2,939 477 211 16,215 9,764 3,991 1,728 13,778 5,694 1,865 419 18,684 7,677 18,529 9,062 78,840 38,225 BP Annual Report and Accounts 2006 203 Supplementary information on oil and natural gas continued Net oil and gas wells completed or abandoned The following table shows the number of net productive and dry exploratory and development oil and natural gas wells completed or abandoned in the years indicated by the group and its equity-accounted entities. Productive wells include wells in which hydrocarbons were encountered and the drilling or completion of which, in the case of exploratory wells, has been suspended pending further drilling or evaluation. A dry well is one found to be incapable of producing hydrocarbons in sufﬁcient quantities to justify completion. ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- UK Rest of Europe USA Rest of Americas Asia Paciﬁc Africa Russia Other Total 0.1 – 4.9 – 0.5 0.3 10.6 – – – 10.0 0.1 0.1 – 1.6 – 0.8 – 3.5 0.3 – – 0.3 – 2.9 7.4 418.8 4.5 10.7 6.4 473.9 5.0 0.5 1.0 154.0 5.0 2.0 1.0 151.7 3.3 2.1 3.2 1.3 1.5 513.3 3.0 138.2 1.8 1.0 1.5 12.4 0.2 0.3 0.3 22.7 0.4 – – 8.6 – 3.2 0.5 23.8 – 2.0 1.3 17.9 1.0 6.6 2.0 12.9 2.0 15.6 5.7 227.2 20.8 14.5 5.2 212.8 17.7 11.0 5.2 166.8 8.7 1.4 0.3 14.5 1.0 – – 12.1 0.3 1.3 1.1 16.0 2.4 24.8 16.4 857.2 31.5 30.8 14.5 905.2 28.0 22.3 13.0 866.1 18.0 Drilling and production activities in progress The following table shows the number of exploratory and development oil and natural gas wells in the process of being drilled by the group and its equity-accounted entities as of 31 December 2006. Suspended development wells and long-term suspended exploratory wells are also included in the table. ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- UK Rest of Europe USA Rest of Americas Asia Paciﬁc Africa Russia Other Total 1 0.5 3 1.1 – – 2 0.6 22 10.8 194 110.6 6 2.8 43 25.2 2 0.3 7 1.8 4 1.6 19 6.7 6 2.2 30 12.5 2 0.5 20 5.3 43 18.7 318 163.8 At 31 December 2006 Exploratory Gross Net 2006 Exploratory Productive Dry Development Productive Dry 2005 Exploratory Productive Dry Development Productive Dry 2004 Exploratory Productive Dry Development Productive Dry Development Gross Net 204 Parent company ﬁnancial statements of BP p.l.c. Statement of directors’ responsibilities in respect of the parent company ﬁnancial statements The directors are responsible for preparing the ﬁnancial statements in accordance with applicable United Kingdom law and United Kingdom generally accepted accounting practice. Company law requires the directors to prepare ﬁnancial statements for each ﬁnancial year that give a true and fair view of the state of affairs of the company. In preparing these ﬁnancial statements, the directors are required: – To select suitable accounting policies and then apply them consistently. – To make judgements and estimates that are reasonable and prudent. – To state whether applicable accounting standards have been followed, subject to any material departures disclosed and explained in the ﬁnancial statements. – To prepare the ﬁnancial statements on the going concern basis unless it is inappropriate to presume that the group will continue in business. The directors are also responsible for keeping proper accounting records that disclose with reasonable accuracy at any time the ﬁnancial position of the company and enable them to ensure that the ﬁnancial statements comply with the Companies Act 1985. They are also responsible for safeguarding the assets of the company and hence for taking reasonable steps for the prevention and detection of fraud and other irregularities. Having made the requisite enquiries, so far as the directors are aware, there is no relevant audit information (as deﬁned by Section 234ZA of the Companies Act 1985) of which the company’s auditors are unaware, and the directors have taken all the steps they ought to have taken to make themselves aware of any relevant audit information and to establish that the company’s auditors are aware of that information. BP Annual Report and Accounts 2006 205 Independent auditor’s report to the members of BP p.l.c. We have audited the parent company ﬁnancial statements of BP p.l.c. for the year ended 31 December 2006 which comprise the company balance sheet, the company cash ﬂow statement, the company statement of total recognized gains and losses and the related notes 1 to 13. These parent company ﬁnancial statements have been prepared under the accounting policies set out therein. We have also audited the information in the Directors’ Remuneration Report that is described as having been audited. We have reported separately on the consolidated ﬁnancial statements of BP p.l.c. for the year ended 31 December 2006. This report is made solely to the company’s members, as a body, in accordance with Section 235 of the Companies Act 1985. Our audit work has been undertaken so that we might state to the company’s members those matters we are required to state to them in an auditors’ report and for no other purpose. To the fullest extent permitted by law, we do not accept or assume responsibility to anyone other than the company and the company’s members as a body, for our audit work, for this report, or for the opinions we have formed. Respective responsibilities of directors and auditors The directors’ responsibilities for preparing the Annual Report, the Directors’ Remuneration Report and the parent company ﬁnancial statements in accordance with applicable United Kingdom law and accounting standards (United Kingdom generally accepted accounting practice) are set out in the Statement of Directors’ Responsibilities. Our responsibility is to audit the parent company ﬁnancial statements and the part of the Directors’ Remuneration Report to be audited in accordance with relevant legal and regulatory requirements and International Standards on Auditing (UK and Ireland). We report to you our opinion as to whether the parent company ﬁnancial statements give a true and fair view and whether the parent company ﬁnancial statements and the part of the Directors’ Remuneration Report to be audited have been properly prepared in accordance with the Companies Act 1985. We also report to you whether in our opinion the information given in the parent company directors’ report is consistent with the ﬁnancial statements. In addition we report to you if, in our opinion, the company has not kept proper accounting records, if we have not received all the information and explanations we require for our audit, or if information speciﬁed by law regarding directors’ remuneration and other transactions is not disclosed. We read other information contained in the Annual Report and consider whether it is consistent with the audited parent company ﬁnancial statements. The other information comprises the Directors’ report and the unaudited part of the Directors’ Remuneration Report. We consider the implications for our report if we become aware of any apparent misstatements or material inconsistencies with the parent company ﬁnancial statements. Our responsibilities do not extend to any other information. Basis of audit opinion We conducted our audit in accordance with International Standards on Auditing (UK and Ireland) issued by the Auditing Practices Board. An audit includes examination, on a test basis, of evidence relevant to the amounts and disclosures in the parent company ﬁnancial statements and the part of the Directors’ Remuneration Report to be audited. It also includes an assessment of the signiﬁcant estimates and judgements made by the directors in the preparation of the parent company ﬁnancial statements, and of whether the accounting policies are appropriate to the company’s circumstances, consistently applied and adequately disclosed. We planned and performed our audit so as to obtain all the information and explanations which we considered necessary in order to provide us with sufﬁcient evidence to give reasonable assurance that the parent company ﬁnancial statements and the part of the Directors’ Remuneration Report to be audited are free from material misstatement, whether caused by fraud or other irregularity or error. In forming our opinion we also evaluated the overall adequacy of the presentation of information in the parent company ﬁnancial statements and the part of the Directors’ Remuneration Report to be audited. Opinion In our opinion: – The parent company ﬁnancial statements give a true and fair view, in accordance with United Kingdom generally accepted accounting practice, of the state of the company’s affairs as at 31 December 2006. – The parent company ﬁnancial statements and the part of the Directors’ Remuneration Report to be audited have been properly prepared in accordance with the Companies Act 1985. – The information given in the directors’ report is consistent with the parent company ﬁnancial statements. Ernst & Young LLP Registered auditor London 23 February 2007 The maintenance and integrity of the BP p.l.c. website are the responsibility of the directors; the work carried out by the auditors does not involve consideration of these matters and, accordingly, the auditors accept no responsibility for any changes that may have occured to the ﬁnancial statements since they were initially presented on the website or any other website they are presented on. Legislation in the United Kingdom governing the preparation and dissemination of ﬁnancial statements may differ from legislation in other jurisdictions. 206 ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- Company balance sheet At 31 December Fixed assets Investments Subsidiary undertakings Associated undertakings Total ﬁxed assets Current assets Debtors – amounts falling due: Within one year After more than one year Deferred taxation Cash at bank and in hand Creditors – amounts falling due within one year Net current liabilities Total assets less current liabilities Creditors – amounts falling due after more than one year Net assets excluding pension plan surplus Deﬁned beneﬁt pension plan surplus Deﬁned beneﬁt pension plan deﬁcit Net assets Represented by Capital and reserves Called up share capital Share premium account Capital redemption reserve Merger reserve Other reserves Shares held by ESOP trusts Treasury shares Share-based payment reserve Proﬁt and loss account $ million (As restated) Note 2006 2005 88,963 2 88,965 89,758 2 89,760 3 3 4 4 2 5 5 6 6 7 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 3,074 1,196 165 – 4,435 5,216 (781) 88,184 57 88,127 4,067 (76) 92,118 5,385 9,074 839 26,504 5 (154) (22,182) 789 71,858 92,118 1,215 1,453 436 3 3,107 6,724 (3,617) 86,143 65 86,078 2,258 – 88,336 5,185 7,371 749 26,493 16 (140) (10,598) 599 58,661 88,336 ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- The ﬁnancial statements on pages 207-220 were approved by a duly appointed and authorized committee of the board of directors on 23 February 2007 and were signed on its behalf by: Peter Sutherland Chairman The Lord Browne of Madingley Group Chief Executive BP Annual Report and Accounts 2006 207 For the year ended 31 December ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- Note 9 2006 2005 2004 (3,703) (1,108) 23,913 ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- Company cash ﬂow statement Net cash (outﬂow) inﬂow from operating activities Servicing of ﬁnance and returns on investments Interest received Interest paid Dividends received Net cash inﬂow from servicing of ﬁnance and returns on investments Tax paid Capital expenditure and ﬁnancial investment Payments for ﬁxed assets – investments Proceeds from sale of ﬁxed assets – investments Net cash inﬂow (outﬂow) for capital expenditure and ﬁnancial investment Equity dividends paid Net cash inﬂow before ﬁnancing Financing Issue of ordinary share capital for TNK–BP Other share-based payment movements Repurchase of ordinary share capital Net cash outﬂow from ﬁnancing Increase (decrease) in cash ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- Company statement of total recognized gains and losses For the year ended 31 December ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- $ million ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- Proﬁt for the year Actuarial gain relating to pensions Tax on actuarial gain relating to pensions Total recognized gains and losses relating to the year ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- $ million 1,137 (104) 18,489 19,522 (3) (31,517) 85 (31,432) (6,041) 5,959 1,250 340 (7,548) (5,958) 1 177 (702) 24,859 24,334 (3) (1,397) 2,240 843 (7,686) 13,785 1,250 422 (15,481) (13,809) 110 (249) 21,087 20,948 (8) (2,929) 519 (2,410) (7,359) 10,063 1,250 283 (11,597) (10,064) (1) 9 (24) 2006 2005 2004 24,186 1,120 (336) 24,970 20,858 1,159 (348) 21,669 18,613 197 (59) 18,751 3 8 6 2 208 Notes on ﬁnancial statements 1 Accounting policies Accounting standards These accounts are prepared in accordance with applicable UK accounting standards. In preparing the ﬁnancial statements for the current year, the company has adopted the amendments to Financial Reporting Standard No. 26 ‘Financial Instruments: Measurement’ (FRS 26). This has resulted in a change of accounting policy for ﬁnancial guarantee contracts given by the company in respect of its subsidiaries, associates and jointly controlled entities. These contracts are recorded at fair value in the company’s ﬁnancial statements. This change in accounting policy has resulted in a restatement of 2005 comparative information: investments in subsidiaries were increased by $20 million; amounts due from group undertakings were increased by $23 million; other creditors were increased by $43 million. The effect on the company’s proﬁt for the year was not material. Accounting convention The accounts are prepared under the historical cost convention. Foreign currency transactions Foreign currency transactions are booked in the functional currency at the exchange rate ruling on the date of transaction. Foreign currency monetary assets and liabilities are translated into the functional currency at rates of exchange ruling at the balance sheet date. Exchange differences are included in proﬁt for the year. Investments Investments in subsidiaries and associated undertakings are held at cost. The company assesses investments for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value of an investment may not be recoverable. If any such indication of impairment exists, the company makes an estimate of its recoverable amount. Where the carrying amount of an investment exceeds its recoverable amount, the investment is considered impaired and is written down to its recoverable amount. Share-based payments Equity-settled transactions The cost of equity-settled transactions with employees is measured by reference to the fair value at the date at which they are granted and is recognized as an expense over the vesting period, which ends on the date on which the relevant employees become fully entitled to the award. Fair value is determined by using an appropriate valuation model. In valuing equity-settled transactions, no account is taken of any vesting conditions, other than conditions linked to the price of the shares of the company (market conditions). No expense is recognized for awards that do not ultimately vest, except for awards where vesting is conditional upon a market condition, which are treated as vesting irrespective of whether or not the market condition is satisﬁed, provided that all other performance conditions are satisﬁed. At each balance sheet date before vesting, the cumulative expense is calculated, representing the extent to which the vesting period has expired and management’s best estimate of the achievement or otherwise of non-market conditions and number of equity instruments that will ultimately vest or, in the case of an instrument subject to a market condition, be treated as vesting as described above. The movement in cumulative expense since the previous balance sheet date is recognized in the income statement, with a corresponding entry in equity. Where the terms of an equity-settled award are modiﬁed or a new award is designated as replacing a cancelled or settled award, the cost based on the original award terms continues to be recognized over the original vesting period. In addition, an expense is recognized over the remainder of the new vesting period for the incremental fair value of any modiﬁcation, based on the difference between the fair value of the original award and the fair value of the modiﬁed award, both as measured on the date of the modiﬁcation. No reduction is recognized if this difference is negative. Where an equity-settled award is cancelled, it is treated as if it had vested on the date of cancellation, and any cost not yet recognized in the income statement for the award is expensed immediately. Any compensation paid up to the fair value of the award at the cancellation or settlement date is deducted from equity, with any excess over fair value being treated as an expense in the income statement. Cash-settled transactions The cost of cash-settled transactions is measured at fair value using an appropriate option valuation model. Fair value is established initially at the grant date and at each balance sheet date thereafter until the awards are settled. During the vesting period a liability is recognized representing the product of the fair value of the award and the portion of the vesting period expired as at the balance sheet date. From the end of the vesting period until settlement, the liability represents the full fair value of the award as at the balance sheet date. Changes in the carrying amount for the liability are recognized in proﬁt or loss for the period. Pensions and other post-retirement beneﬁts For deﬁned beneﬁt pension and other post-retirement beneﬁt plans, plan assets are measured at fair value and plan liabilities are measured on an actuarial basis using the projected unit credit method and discounted at an interest rate equivalent to the current rate of return on a high-quality corporate bond of equivalent currency and term to the plan liabilities. Full actuarial valuations are obtained at least every three years and are updated at each balance sheet date. The resulting surplus or deﬁcit, net of taxation thereon, is presented separately above the total for net assets on the face of the balance sheet. The service cost of providing pension and other post-retirement beneﬁts to employees for the year is charged to the income statement. The cost of making improvements to pension and other post-retirement beneﬁts is recognized in the income statement immediately when the company becomes committed to the change. When a settlement (eliminating all obligations for beneﬁts already accrued) or a curtailment (reducing future obligations as a result of a material reduction in the scheme membership or a reduction in future entitlement) occurs, the obligation and related plan assets are remeasured using current actuarial assumptions and the resultant gain or loss recognized in the income statement during the period in which the settlement or curtailment occurs. A charge representing the unwinding of the discount on the plan liabilities during the year is included within other ﬁnance income. A credit representing the expected return on the plan assets during the year is included within other ﬁnance income. This credit is based on an assessment made at the beginning of the year of long-term market returns on plan assets, adjusted for the effect on the fair value of plan assets of contributions received and beneﬁts paid during the year. BP Annual Report and Accounts 2006 209 1 Accounting policies continued Actuarial gains and losses may result from: differences between the expected return and the actual return on plan assets; differences between the actuarial assumption underlying the plan liabilities and actual experience during the year; or changes in the actuarial assumptions used in the valuation of the plan liabilities. Actuarial gains and losses, and taxation thereon, are recognized in the statement of total recognized gains and losses. Deferred taxation Deferred tax is recognized in respect of all timing differences that have originated but not reversed at the balance sheet date where transactions or events have occurred at that date that will result in an obligation to pay more, or a right to pay less, tax in the future. Deferred tax assets are recognized only to the extent that it is considered more likely than not that there will be suitable taxable proﬁts from which the underlying timing differences can be deducted. Deferred tax is measured on an undiscounted basis at the tax rates that are expected to apply in the periods in which timing differences reverse, based on tax rates and laws enacted or substantively enacted at the balance sheet date. Use of estimates The preparation of accounts in conformity with generally accepted accounting practice requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities at the date of the accounts and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual outcomes could differ from these estimates. 2 Taxation ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- Tax included in statement of total recognized gains and losses ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- Deferred tax 2004 2006 2005 $ million ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- Origination and reversal of temporary differences in the current year Tax included in statement of total recognized gains and losses This comprises: ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- Actuarial gain relating to pensions and other post-retirement beneﬁts Tax included in statement of changes in equity Deferred tax ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- $ million ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- Balance sheet ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- 2006 2005 2004 Deferred tax liability Pensions Deferred tax asset Other taxable temporary differences Net deferred tax liability ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- 336 336 2006 336 336 1,671 1,671 165 165 1,506 532 (18) 656 336 1,506 348 348 2005 348 348 968 968 436 436 532 265 (87) 6 348 532 59 59 $ million 2004 59 59 628 628 362 362 266 213 40 (47) 59 265 Analysis of movements during the year At 1 January Exchange adjustments Charge for the year on ordinary activities Charge for the year in the statement of total recognized gains and losses At 31 December ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- 210 Cost At 1 January 2006 Additions Deletions At 31 December 2006 Amounts provided At 1 January 2006 Provided in Year At 31 December 2006 Cost At 1 January 2005 Additions Deletions At 31 December 2005 (As restated) Amounts provided At 1 January 2005 At 31 December 2005 Net book amount Subsidiary undertakings International BP Global Investments BP International BP Shipping Burmah Castrol South Africa BP Southern Africa US BP America 4 Debtors Group undertakings Other 3 Fixed assets – investments ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- $ million ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- Subsidiary undertakings Associated undertakings - - -- - - - -- - - - -- - - - -- - - - - -- - - - -- - - - - - -- - - - -- - - - -- - - - -- - - - - -- - - - -- - - - Loans Shares Shares 89,775 1,397 (2,135) 89,037 17 57 74 17 17 87,345 2,949 (519) 89,775 2 – – 2 – – – 2 – – 2 – – Total 89,779 1,397 (2,135) 89,041 19 57 76 19 19 87,349 2,949 (519) 89,779 2 – – 2 2 – 2 2 – – 2 2 2 ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- At 31 December 2006 At 31 December 2005 (As restated) 88,963 89,758 2 2 – – 88,965 89,760 The more important subsidiary undertakings of the company at 31 December 2006 and the percentage holding of ordinary share capital (to the nearest whole number) are set out below. The principal country of operation is generally indicated by the company’s country of incorporation or by its name. A complete list of investments in subsidiary undertakings, joint ventures and associated undertakings will be attached to the company’s annual return made to the Registrar of Companies. ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- The carrying amounts of debtors approximate their fair value. 5 Creditors Overdraft Group undertakings Social security Accruals and deferred income Dividends Other ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- % Country of incorporation Principal activities 100 100 100 100 England England England Scotland Investment holding Integrated oil operations Shipping Lubricants 75 South Africa Reﬁning and marketing 100 US Investment holding Within 1 year 2,890 184 3,074 Within 1 year 21 5,025 5 10 1 154 5,216 2006 After 1 year 1,157 39 1,196 2006 After 1 year – – – 30 – 27 57 $ million (As restated) 2005 After 1 year 1,415 38 1,453 Within 1 year 1,088 127 1,215 $ million (As restated) 2005 After 1 year – – – 27 – 38 65 Within 1 year – 6,513 15 8 1 187 6,724 BP Annual Report and Accounts 2006 211 $ million (As restated) 2006 2005 7 35 15 57 14 37 14 65 % 2004 2006 2005 7.0 5.1 4.7 2.8 2.8 2.8 7.00 4.75 4.25 2.50 2.50 2.50 7.00 5.25 4.00 2.50 2.50 2.50 Years 2004 2006 2005 23.9 26.8 25.0 27.8 23.0 26.0 23.9 26.9 23.0 26.0 23.9 26.9 5 Creditors continued The carrying amounts of creditors approximate their fair value. The proﬁle of the maturity of the ﬁnancial liabilities included in the balance sheet at 31 December is shown in the table below. These amounts are included within Creditors – amounts falling due after more than one year, and are denominated in US dollars. ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- Due within 1 to 2 years 2 to 5 years More than 5 years ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- 6 Pensions The material ﬁnancial assumptions used for estimating the beneﬁt obligations of the plans are set out below. The assumptions used to evaluate accrued pension at 31 December in any year are used to determine pension expense for the following year, that is, the assumptions at 31 December 2006 are used to determine the pension liabilities at that date and the pension cost for 2007. ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- Financial assumptions Expected long-term rate of return Discount rate for plan liabilities Rate of increase in salaries Rate of increase for pensions in payment Rate of increase in deferred pensions Inﬂation In addition to the ﬁnancial assumptions, we regularly review the demographic and mortality assumptions. The mortality assumption reﬂects best practice in the UK, and has been chosen with regard to the latest available published tables adjusted to reﬂect the experience of the group and an extrapolation of past longevity improvements into the future. ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- Mortality assumptions ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- Life expectancy at age 60 for a male currently aged 60 Life expectancy at age 60 for a female currently aged 60 Life expectancy at age 60 for a male currently aged 40 Life expectancy at age 60 for a female currently aged 40 The market values of the various categories of asset held by the pension plan at 31 December are set out below. ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- $ million ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- 2006 2005 2004 ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- Expected long-term rate of return % 7.5 4.7 6.5 3.8 7.0 Expected long-term rate of return % 7.50 4.50 6.50 4.00 7.00 Expected long-term rate of return % 7.50 4.25 6.50 3.50 7.00 Market value $ million 22,256 3,305 1,274 334 27,169 21,507 5,662 (1,671) 3,991 Market value $ million 17,330 2,231 1,085 896 21,542 18,316 3,226 (968) 2,258 Market value $ million 16,263 2,396 1,645 402 20,706 18,613 2,093 (628) 1,465 UK plans Equities Bonds Property Cash Present value of plan liabilities Surplus in the plan Deferred tax At 31 December 212 6 Pensions continued ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- $ million ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- Analysis of the amount charged to operating proﬁt ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- Current service cost Past service cost Settlement, curtailment and special termination beneﬁts Total operating charge ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- 341 5 36 382 360 4 36 400 411 (74) – 337 2006 2005 2004 Analysis of the amount credited (charged) to other ﬁnance income ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- Expected return on pension plan assets Interest on pension plan liabilities Other ﬁnance income ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- 1,257 (899) 358 1,357 (914) 443 1,593 (918) 675 Analysis of the amount recognized in the statement of total recognized gains and losses ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- Actual return less expected return on pension plan assets Change in assumptions underlying the present value of the plan liabilities Experience gains and losses arising on the plan liabilities Actuarial gain (loss) recognized in statement of total recognized gains and losses ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- 2,946 (1,721) (66) 1,159 750 (710) 157 197 1,252 79 (211) 1,120 ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- Movements in beneﬁt obligation during the year ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- Beneﬁt obligation at 1 January Exchange adjustment Current service cost Past service cost Interest cost Curtailment Settlement Special termination beneﬁts Contributions by plan participants Beneﬁt payments (funded plans) Disposals Actuarial (gain) loss on obligation Beneﬁt obligation at 31 December 18,613 (2,008) 360 4 914 – – 36 35 (847) (578) 1,787 18,316 18,316 2,524 411 (74) 918 (20) (22) 42 37 (900) 143 132 ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- 21,507 2006 2005 Movements in fair value of plan assets during the year ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- Fair value of plan assets at 1 January Exchange adjustment Expected return on plan assets Contributions by plan participants Contributions by employers (funded plans) Beneﬁt payments (funded plans) Disposals Actuarial gain (loss) on plan assets Fair value of plan assets at 31 December 20,706 (2,291) 1,357 35 214 (847) (578) 2,946 21,542 ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- 21,542 3,082 1,593 37 420 (900) 143 1,252 27,169 Surplus (deﬁcit) at 31 December Represented by 5,662 3,226 ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- The surplus (deﬁcit) may be analysed between funded and unfunded plans as follows ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- The deﬁned beneﬁt obligation may be analysed between funded and unfunded plans as follows Asset recognized Liability recognized Funded Unfunded Funded Unfunded 5,771 (109) 5,662 5,771 (109) 5,662 21,616 (109) 3,226 – 3,226 3,226 – 3,226 18,316 – 18,316 ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- The aggregate level of employer contributions in 2007 is expected to be approximately $500 million. 21,507 BP Annual Report and Accounts 2006 213 6 Pensions continued ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- History of surplus (deﬁcit) and of experience gains and losses ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- Beneﬁt obligation at 31 December Fair value of plan assets at 31 December Surplus (deﬁcit) ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- 16,288 17,850 1,562 18,613 20,706 2,093 18,316 21,542 3,226 ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- 21,507 27,169 5,662 2003 2004 2006 2005 $ million Experience gains and losses on plan liabilities Amount ($ million) Percentage of beneﬁt obligation Actual return less expected return on pension plan assets Amount ($ million) Percentage of plan assets Actuarial gain (loss) recognized in statement of total recognized gains and losses Amount ($ million) Percentage of beneﬁt obligation Cumulative amount recognized in statement of total recognized gains and losses 7 Called up share capital The allotted, called up and fully paid share capital at 31 December was as follows: (211) (1)% (66) 0% 157 1% 621 4% 1,252 2,946 750 1,526 5% 14% 4% 9% 1,120 1,159 6% 6% 197 1% 3,317 2,197 1,038 841 5% 841 ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- Issued 8% cumulative ﬁrst preference shares of £1 each 9% cumulative second preference shares of £1 each Ordinary shares of 25 cents each 1 January Issue of new shares for employee share schemes Issue of ordinary share capital for TNK-BP Repurchase of ordinary share capital Othera 31 December Shares (thousand) 7,233 5,473 20,657,045 64,854 111,151 (358,374) 982,625 21,457,301 2006 $ million 12 9 21 Shares (thousand) 7,233 5,473 5,164 21,525,978 82,144 108,629 (1,059,706) – 5,364 20,657,045 16 28 (90) 246 5,385 2005 $ million 12 9 21 5,382 20 27 (265) – 5,164 5,185 ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- Authorized 8% cumulative ﬁrst preference shares of £1 each 9% cumulative second preference shares of £1 each Ordinary shares of 25 cents each a Reclassification in respect of share repurchases in 2005. 7,250 5,500 36,000,000 12 9 7,250 5,500 9,000 36,000,000 12 9 9,000 Voting on substantive resolutions tabled at a general meeting is on a poll. On a poll, shareholders present in person or by proxy have two votes for every £5 in nominal amount of the ﬁrst and second preference shares held and one vote for every ordinary share held. On a show-of-hands vote on other resolutions (procedural matters) at a general meeting, shareholders present in person or by proxy have one vote each. In the event of the winding up of the company, preference shareholders would be entitled to a sum equal to the capital paid up on the preference shares plus an amount in respect of accrued and unpaid dividends and a premium equal to the higher of (i) 10% of the capital paid up on the preference shares and (ii) the excess of the average market price of such shares on the London Stock Exchange during the previous six months over par value. Repurchase of ordinary share capital The company purchased 1,334,362,750 ordinary shares (2005 1,059,706,481 and 2004 827,240,360 ordinary shares) for a total consideration of $15,481 million (2005 $11,597 million and 2004 $7,548 million), of which 358,374,000 were for cancellation and 975,988,750 were retained in treasury. At 31 December 2006, 1,946,804,533 shares of nominal value $487 million were held in treasury (2005 982,624,971 shares of nominal value $246 million). Transaction costs of share repurchases amounted to $83 million (2005 $63 million and 2004 $43 million). 214 8 Capital and reserves ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- $ million Share capital Share premium account Capital redemption reserve Merger reserve Other reserves Own shares Treasury shares Share-based payment reserve Proﬁt and loss account Total ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- 749 – – – 90 – – – – ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- 839 At 1 January 2006 Currency translation differences Actuarial gain on pensions (net of tax) Issue of ordinary share capital for TNK-BP Repurchase of ordinary share capital Share-based payments (net of tax) Proﬁt for the year Dividends Othera At 31 December 2006 88,336 (19) 785 1,250 (15,481) 747 24,186 (7,686) – 92,118 (10,598) – – – (11,472) 134 – – (246) 58,661 – 785 – (4,009) (79) 24,186 (7,686) – 26,493 – – – – 11 – – – 5,185 – – 28 (90) 16 – – 246 7,371 – – 1,222 – 481 – – – (140) (19) – – – 5 – – – 16 – – – – (11) – – – 599 – – – – 190 – – – (22,182) 71,858 26,504 5,385 9,074 (154) 789 5 a Reclassification in respect of share repurchases in 2005. ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- $ million Share capital Share premium account Capital redemption reserve Merger reserve Other reserves Own shares Treasury shares Share-based payment reserve Proﬁt and loss account Total ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- 730 – – – 19 – – – ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- 749 At 1 January 2005 Currency translation differences Actuarial gain on pensions (net of tax) Issue of ordinary share capital for TNK-BP Repurchase of ordinary share capital Share-based payments Proﬁt for the year Dividends At 31 December 2005 83,657 12 811 1,250 (11,597) 704 20,858 (7,359) 88,336 – – – – (10,601) 3 – – (10,598) 45,062 – 811 – (750) 39 20,858 (7,359) 58,661 26,465 – – – – 28 – – 26,493 5,403 – – 27 (265) 20 – – 5,185 5,636 – – 1,223 – 512 – – 7,371 (82) 12 – – – (70) – – (140) 44 – – – – (28) – – 16 399 – – – – 200 – – 599 As a consolidated income statement is presented for the group, a separate income statement for the parent company is not required to be published. The proﬁt and loss account reserve includes $26,668 million (2005 $27,391 million and 2004 $25,026 million), the distribution of which is limited by statutory or other restrictions. The company does not account for dividends until they have been paid. The accounts for the year ended 31 December 2006 do not reﬂect the dividend announced on 6 February 2007 and payable in March 2007; this will be treated as an appropriation of proﬁt in the year ended 31 December 2007. 9 Cash ﬂow Reconciliation of net cash ﬂow to movement in net debt ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- $ million ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- Notes on cash ﬂow statement ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- (a) Reconciliation of operating proﬁt to net cash (outﬂow) inﬂow from operating activities Operating proﬁt Depreciation and amounts provided Net operating charge for pensions and other post-retirement beneﬁts, less contributions Dividends, interest and other income Share-based payments (Increase) decrease in debtors Increase (decrease) in creditors Net cash (outﬂow) inﬂow from operating activities ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- 20,674 – 186 (21,197) 278 (368) (681) (1,108) 18,313 12 168 (19,626) 224 22,374 2,448 23,913 24,768 – (83) (25,036) 325 (2,140) (1,537) (3,703) $ million 2005 2004 2006 ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- (b) Analysis of net debt Cash at bank Bank overdrafts At 1 January 2006 3 – 3 $ million At 31 December 2006 – (21) (21) Cash ﬂow (3) (21) (24) BP Annual Report and Accounts 2006 215 2006 (24) (24) 3 (21) 2005 2004 (1) (1) 4 3 1 1 3 4 Increase (decrease) in cash Movement in net debt Net debt at 1 January Net debt at 31 December 10 Contingent liabilities The parent company has issued guarantees under which amounts outstanding at 31 December 2006 were $20,458 million (2005 $16,878 million and 2004 $21,106 million), including $20,402 million (2005 $16,822 million and 2004 $21,050 million) in respect of borrowings by its subsidiary undertakings and $56 million (2005 $56 million and 2004 $56 million) in respect of liabilities of other third parties. 11 Share-based payments ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- Effect of share-based payment transactions on the group’s result and ﬁnancial position ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- Total expense recognized for equity-settled share-based payment transactions Total expense recognized for cash-settled share-based payment transactions Total expense recognized for share-based payment transactions Closing balance of liability for cash-settled share-based payment transactions Total intrinsic value for vested cash-settled share-based payments ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- 289 36 325 59 53 348 20 368 48 41 405 14 38 23 419 2004 2006 2005 $ million For ease of presentation, option and share holdings detailed in the tables within this note are stated as UK ordinary share equivalents in US dollars. US employees are granted American depositary shares (ADSs) or options over the company’s ADSs (one ADS is equivalent to six ordinary shares). The share-based payment plans that existed during the year are detailed below. All plans are ongoing unless otherwise stated. Plans for executive directors Executive Directors’ Incentive Plan (EDIP) – share element (2005 onwards) An equity-settled incentive share plan for executive directors driven by one performance measure over a three-year performance period. The award of shares is determined by comparing BP’s total shareholder return (TSR) against the other oil majors. In addition, for the group chief executive, 27% of the grant is based on long-term leadership (LTL) measures. After the performance period, the shares which vest (net of tax) are then subject to a three-year retention period. The directors’ remuneration report on pages 68-75 includes full details of this plan. Executive Directors’ Incentive Plan (EDIP) – share element (pre-2005) An equity-settled incentive share plan for executive directors driven by three performance measures over a three-year performance period. The primary measure is BP’s shareholder return against the market (SHRAM) versus that of the companies within the FTSE All World Oil & Gas Index. This accounts for nearly two-thirds of the potential total award, with the remainder being assessed on BP’s relative return on average capital employed (ROACE) and earnings per share (EPS) growth compared with the other oil majors. After the performance period, the shares that vest (net of tax) are then subject to a three-year retention period. The directors’ remuneration report on pages 68-75 includes full details of this plan. For 2005 and subsequent years, the share element of EDIP was amended as described above. Executive Directors’ Incentive Plan (EDIP) – share option element (pre-2005) An equity-settled share option plan for executive directors that permits options to be granted at an exercise price no lower than the market price of a share on the date that the option is granted. Options vest over three years (one-third each after one, two and three years respectively) and must be exercised within seven years of the date of grant. Last grants were made in 2004. From 2005 onwards the remuneration committee’s policy is not to make further grants of share options to executive directors. Plans for senior employees Medium Term Performance Plan (MTPP) (2005 onwards) An equity-settled incentive share plan for senior employees driven by two performance measures over a three-year performance period. The award of shares is determined by comparing BP’s TSR against the other oil majors and, additionally, by comparing free cash ﬂow (FCF) against a threshold established for the period. For a small group of particularly senior employees, only the TSR measure is applicable in determining the award. The number of shares awarded is increased to take account of the net dividends that would have been received during the performance period, assuming that such dividends had been reinvested. With regard to leaver provisions, the general rule is that leaving employment during the performance period will preclude an award of shares. However, special arrangements apply where the participant leaves for a qualifying reason and employment ceases after completion of the ﬁrst year of the performance period. Long Term Performance Plan (LTPP) (pre-2005) An equity-settled incentive share plan for senior employees driven by three performance measures over a three-year performance period. The primary measure is BP’s SHRAM versus that of the companies within the FTSE All World Oil & Gas Index. This accounts for nearly two-thirds of the potential total award, with the remainder being assessed on BP’s relative ROACE and EPS growth compared with the other oil majors. Shares are awarded at the end of the performance period and are then subject to a three-year restriction period. With regard to leaver provisions, the general rule is that leaving during the performance period will preclude an award of shares. However, special arrangements apply where the participant leaves for a qualifying reason and employment ceases after completion of the ﬁrst year of the performance period. This plan was replaced by the MTPP for 2005 onwards. Deferred Annual Bonus Plan (DAB) An equity-settled restricted share plan for senior employees. The award value is equal to 50% of the annual cash bonus awarded for the preceding performance year (the ‘performance period’). The shares are restricted for a period of three years (the ‘restriction period’). Shares accrue dividends during the restriction period and these are reinvested. With regard to leaver provisions, if a participant ceases to be employed by BP prior to the end of the performance period, then the general rule is that this will preclude an award of shares. However, special arrangements apply where the participant leaves for a qualifying reason. Similarly, if a participant ceases to be employed by BP prior to the end of the restriction period, the general rule is that the restricted shares will be forfeited. Special arrangements apply where the participant leaves for a qualifying reason. 216 11 Share-based payments continued Performance Share Plan (PSP) An equity-settled restricted share plan for senior professionals and team leaders. The award takes into account the recipient’s performance in the prior calendar year (the ‘performance period’). Shares, provided initially as share units, are restricted for a period of three years (‘the restriction period’). Share units accrue notional dividends during the restriction period and these are reinvested. At the end of the restriction period additional units may be awarded based on BP’s TSR performance against the other oil majors. At award, share units are converted into shares. With regard to leaver provisions, the general rule is that leaving during the performance period will preclude an award of share units. If a participant ceases to be employed by BP prior to the end of the restriction period, the general rule is that share units will lapse. Special arrangements apply where the participant leaves for a qualifying reason. Restricted Share Plan (RSP) An equity-settled restricted share plan used predominantly for senior employees in special circumstances (such as recruitment and retention). There are no performance conditions but the shares are subject to a three-year restriction period. During the restriction period, shares accrue dividends, which are reinvested. With regard to leaver provisions, the general rule is that ceasing employment during the restriction period will result in the forfeit of shares. However, special arrangements apply where the participant leaves for a qualifying reason. BP Share Option Plan (BPSOP) An equity-settled share option plan that applies to certain categories of employees. Participants are granted share options with an exercise price no lower than market price of a share immediately preceding the date of grant. There are no performance conditions and the options are exercisable between the third and 10th anniversaries of the grant date. The general rule is that the options will lapse if the participant leaves employment before the end of the third calendar year from the date of grant (and that vested options are exercisable within 31/2 years from the date of leaving). However, special arrangements apply where the participant leaves for a qualifying reason and employment ceases after the end of the calendar year of the date of grant. From 2007, share options no longer form a regular element of our incentive plans. Savings and matching plans BP ShareSave Plan A savings-related share option plan, under which employees save on a monthly basis, over a three- or ﬁve-year period, towards the purchase of shares at a ﬁxed price determined when the option is granted. This price is usually set at a 20% discount to the market price at the time of grant. The option must be exercised within six months of maturity of the savings contract; otherwise it lapses. The plan is run in the UK and options are granted annually, usually in June. Until 2003, a three-year savings plan was also run in a small number of other countries. Options will remain outstanding in respect of these countries until the end of June 2007. Participants leaving for a qualifying reason will have six months in which to use their savings to exercise their options on a pro-rated basis. BP ShareMatch Plans Matching share plans, under which BP matches employees’ own contributions of shares up to a predetermined limit. The plans are run in the UK and in over 70 other countries. The UK plan is run on a monthly basis with shares being held in trust for ﬁve years before they can be released free of any income tax and national insurance liability. In other countries, the plan is run on an annual basis with shares being held in trust for three years. The plan is operated on a cash basis in those countries where there are regulatory restrictions preventing the holding of BP shares. When the employee leaves BP, all shares must be removed from trust and units under the plan operated on a cash basis must be encashed. Local Plans In some countries, BP provides local scheme beneﬁts, the rules and qualiﬁcations for which vary according to local circumstances. The above share plans are indicated as being equity-settled. However in certain countries it is not possible to award shares to employees owing to local legislation. In these instances the award will be settled in cash, calculated as the cash equivalent of the value to the employee of an equity-settled plan. Cash plans Cash Options / Stock Appreciation Rights (SARs) These are cash-settled share-based payments available to certain employees that require the group to pay the intrinsic value of the cash option/SAR to the employee at the date of exercise. There are no performance conditions, however participants must continue in employment with BP for the ﬁrst three calendar years of the plan for the options/SARs to vest. Special arrangements may apply for qualifying leavers. The options/SARs are exercisable between the third and 10th anniversaries of the grant date. BP Annual Report and Accounts 2006 217 11 Share-based payments continued Employee Share Ownership Plans (ESOPs) ESOPs have been established to acquire BP shares to satisfy any awards made to participants under EDIP, MTPP, LTPP, DAB and the BP ShareMatch Plans. The ESOPs have waived their rights to dividends on shares held for future awards and are funded by the group. Until such time as the company’s own shares held by the ESOP trusts vest unconditionally in employees, the amount paid for those shares is deducted in arriving at shareholders’ equity. See Note 8, Capital and reserves. Assets and liabilities of the ESOPs are recognized as assets and liabilities of the group. At 31 December 2006, the ESOPs held 12,795,887 shares (2005 14,560,003 shares and 2004 8,621,219 shares) for potential future awards, which had a market value of $142 million (2005 $156 million and 2004 $84 million). ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- Share option transactions ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- 2006 Weighted average exercise price $ 7.64 11.18 8.69 6.52 7.99 8.25 Number of options 450,453,502 53,977,639 (7,169,710) (70,658,480) (131,489) 426,471,462 236,726,966 699,535,945 7.41 Number of options 470,263,808 54,482,053 (4,844,827) (68,687,976) (759,556) 450,453,502 222,729,398 955,924,506 2005 Weighted average exercise price $ 7.16 10.24 8.30 6.40 6.75 7.64 7.54 Number of options 461,885,881 80,394,760 (7,043,911) (62,625,182) (2,347,740) 470,263,808 224,627,758 966,076,636 2004 Weighted average exercise price $ 6.76 7.93 6.77 5.18 7.55 7.16 7.00 ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- As share options are exercised continuously throughout the year, the weighted average share price during the year of $11.85 (2005 $10.77 and 2004 $8.95) is representative of the weighted average share price at the date of exercise. For the options outstanding at 31 December 2006, the exercise price ranges and weighted average remaining contractual lives are shown below. ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- Options outstanding Options exercisable Outstanding at beginning of the year Granted during the year Forfeited during the year Exercised during the year Expired during the year Outstanding at end of the year Exercisable at the end of the year Available for grant at 31 December Range of exercise prices $5.10 – $6.79 $6.80 – $8.50 $8.51 – $10.21 $10.22 – $11.92 Number of shares 100,854,491 196,009,067 55,376,829 74,231,075 Weighted average remaining life years Weighted average exercise price $ Number of shares Weighted average exercise price $ 3.92 4.93 5.79 8.81 6.02 8.01 9.30 11.14 87,474,704 122,344,799 26,907,463 – 6.06 8.08 8.76 – ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- 426,471,462 5.48 8.25 236,726,966 7.41 218 11 Share-based payments continued Fair values and associated details for options and shares granted ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- Options granted in 2006 Option pricing model used Weighted average fair value Weighted average share price Weighted average exercise price Expected volatility Option life Expected dividends Risk free interest rate Expected exercise behaviour Options granted in 2005 Option pricing model used Weighted average fair value Weighted average share price Weighted average exercise price Expected volatility Option life Expected dividends Risk free interest rate Expected exercise behaviour Options granted in 2004 Option pricing model used Weighted average fair value Weighted average share price Weighted average exercise price Expected volatility Option life Expected dividends Risk free interest rate Expected exercise behaviour ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- BPSOP ShareSave 3 year ShareSave 5 year Binomial $2.46 $11.07 $11.17 Binomial $2.88 $11.08 $9.10 Binomial $3.08 $11.08 $9.10 22% 24% 24% 10 years 3.5 years 5.5 years 3.23% 4.50% 3.40% 5.00% 3.40% 4.75% 5% years 4-9, 70% year 10 100% year 4 100% year 6 BPSOP ShareSave 3 year ShareSave 5 year Binomial $2.34 $10.85 $10.63 Binomial $2.76 $10.49 $7.96 Binomial $2.94 $10.49 $7.96 18% 18% 18% 10 years 3.5 years 5.5 years 2.72% 4.25% 3.00% 4.00% 3.00% 4.25% 5% years 4-9, 70% year 10 100% year 4 100% year 6 EDIP Options BPSOP ShareSave 3 year ShareSave 5 year Binomial $1.34 $8.09 $8.09 22% 7 years 3.75% 3.50% Binomial $1.55 $8.12 $8.09 Binomial $1.94 $8.75 $7.00 Binomial $2.13 $8.75 $7.00 22% 22% 22% 10 years 3.5 years 5.5 years 3.75% 4.00% 3.75% 3.00% 3.75% 3.75% 5% years 2-6, 75% year 7 5% years 4-9, 70% year 10 100% year 4 100% year 6 The group uses a third party estimate of expected volatility of US ADSs for the quarter within which the grant date of the relevant plan falls. This estimate takes into account the volatility implied by options in the market. ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- MTPP - TSR ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- 8.7 $7.28 Monte Carlo Shares granted in 2006 Number of equity instruments granted (million) Weighted average fair value Fair value measurement basis 0.5 $11.07 Market value 0.5 $11.23 Market value 7.8 $11.23 Market value 3.3 $4.87 Monte Carlo MTPP - FCF EDIP - LTL EDIP - TSR RSP ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- MTPP - TSR ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- 9.3 $5.72 Monte Carlo Shares granted in 2005 Number of equity instruments granted (million) Weighted average fair value Fair value measurement basis 0.3 $11.04 Market value 0.5 $10.13 Market value 8.4 $11.04 Market value 3.7 $3.87 Monte Carlo MTPP - FCF EDIP - LTL EDIP - TSR RSP The group used a Monte Carlo simulation to fair value the TSR element of the 2006 and 2005 MTPP and EDIP plans. In accordance with the rules of the plans the model simulates BP’s TSR and compares it against our principal strategic competitors over the three-year period of the plans. The model takes into account the historic dividends, share price volatilities and covariances of BP and each comparator company to produce a predicted distribution of relative share performance. This is applied to the reward criteria to give an expected value of the TSR element. ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- LTPP - SHRAM Shares granted in 2004 Number of equity instruments granted (million) Weighted average fair value Fair value measurement basis ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- 6.8 $4.06 Monte Carlo 4.1 $7.21 Market value 0.5 $7.21 Market value 0.1 $8.12 Market value 0.9 $4.06 Monte Carlo LTPP - EPS/ROACE EDIP - EPS/ROACE EDIP - SHRAM RSP BP Annual Report and Accounts 2006 219 11 Share-based payments continued The group used a Monte Carlo simulation to fair value the SHRAM element of the 2004 LTPP and EDIP plan. In accordance with the rules of the plan, the model simulates BP’s SHRAM and compares it with the comparator companies (all companies in the FTSE All World Oil & Gas Index) over the three-year period of the plan. The SHRAMs of the comparator companies have been determined from market data over the preceding three-year period. The model takes into account the historic dividend yields, share price volatilities and covariances of BP and each comparator company to produce a predicted distribution of relative share performance. This is applied to the reward criteria to give an expected value of the SHRAM element. Accounting expense does not necessarily represent the actual value of share-based payments made to recipients which are determined by the Remuneration Committee according to established criteria. 12 Auditors’ remuneration Fees payable to the company’s auditors for the audit of the company’s accounts were $15 million (2005 $19 million and 2004 $13 million). Remuneration receivable by the company’s auditors for the supply of other services to the company is not presented in the parent company accounts as this information is provided in the group accounts. 13 Directors’ remuneration ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- 2006 2005 2004 $ million Remuneration of directors Total for all directors Emoluments Gains made on the exercise of share options Amounts awarded under incentive schemes 14 12 14 18 – 8 19 3 6 Emoluments These amounts comprise fees paid to the non-executive chairman and the non-executive directors and, for executive directors, salary and beneﬁts earned during the relevant ﬁnancial year, plus bonuses awarded for the year. Pension contributions Five executive directors participated in a non-contributory pension scheme established for UK staff by a separate trust fund to which contributions are made by BP based on actuarial advice. One US executive director participated in the US BP Retirement Accumulation Plan during 2006. Ofﬁce facilities for former chairmen and deputy chairmen It is customary for the company to make available to former chairmen and deputy chairmen who were previously employed executives, the use of ofﬁce and basic secretarial facilities following their retirement. The cost involved in doing so is not signiﬁcant. Further information Full details of individual directors’ remuneration are given in the directors’ remuneration report on pages 68-75. 220 This page is intentionally left blank. BP Annual Report and Accounts 2006 221 This page is intentionally left blank. 222 This page is intentionally left blank. BP Annual Report and Accounts 2006 223 This page is intentionally left blank. 224 Further information Administration If you have any queries about the administration of shareholdings, such as change of address, change of ownership, dividend payments, the dividend reinvestment plan or the ADS direct access plan, please contact the Registrar or ADS Depositary. To elect to receive your company documents (such as the Annual Report and Accounts, Annual Review and Notice of Meeting) electronically, please register at www.bp.com/edelivery. Publications Publications UK – Registrar’s Office The BP Registrar, Lloyds TSB Registrars The Causeway, Worthing, West Sussex BN99 6DA Telephone: +44 (0)121 415 7005; Freephone in UK: 0800 701107 Textphone: 0870 600 3950; Fax: +44 (0)1903 833371 US – ADS Administration JPMorgan Chase Bank PO Box 3408, South Hackensack, NJ 07606-3408 Telephone: +1 201 680 6630 Toll-free in US and Canada: +1 877 638 5672 11 222 333 444 These and other BP publications may be obtained, free of charge, from the following sources: US and Canada US and Canada BP Shareholder Services Toll-free: +1 800 638 5672 Fax: +1 630 821 3456 shareholderus@bp.com UK and Rest of World UK and Rest of World BP Distribution Services Telephone: +44 (0)870 241 3269 Fax: +44 (0)870 240 5753 bpdistributionservices@bp.com www.bp.com/annualreview 11 www.bp.com/annualreview BP Annual Review 2006 summarizes our financial and operating performance. 22 www.bp.com/financialandoperating www.bp.com/financialandoperating BP Financial and Operating Information 2002-2006 includes five-year financial and operating data. www.bp.com/sustainabilityreport 33 www.bp.com/sustainabilityreport BP Sustainability Report 2006, published in May 2007, gives details of our environmental and social commitments and performance. 44 www.bp.com/statisticalreview www.bp.com/statisticalreview BP Statistical Review of World Energy, published in June each year, reports on key global energy trends. Acknowledgements Design VSA Partners, Chicago Typesetting St Ives Financial, UK Printing St Ives Financial, UK Paper This Annual Report and Accounts is printed on ReGen paper, which is manufactured from 100% de-inked post-consumer waste at a mill with IS0 14001 certification. © BP p.l.c. 2007 C13019_ARA Inside Covers 2006.in1 1 C13019_ARA Inside Covers 2006.in1 1 16/2/07 11:14:53 pm 16/2/07 11:14:53 pm beyond petroleum® Annual Report and Accounts 2006 www.bp.com C13019_ARA Covers 2006.indd 1 C13019_ARA Covers 2006.indd 1 B P A n n u a l R e p o r t a n d A c c o u n t s 2 0 0 6 16/2/07 11:30:17 16/2/07 11:30:17

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