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Brambles
Annual Report 2008

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FY2008 Annual Report · Brambles
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BramBles limited 2008 AnnuAl RepoRt

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Customers, Markets, people

www.brambles.com

 
 
 
 
Brambles limited 
ABn 89 118 896 021 

10  Financial performance 
12  Chairman’s Review 
14  Chief executive officer’s Report 
16  executive leadership team 
18  CHep 
22  Recall 
24  Board of Directors 
28  Sustainability Report 
40  Financial Review 
44  Corporate Governance Report 

54  Directors’ Report – Remuneration Report 
78  Directors’ Report – other Information 
82  Shareholder Information 
85  Financial Report – Financial Statements
150 Financial Report – Directors’ Declaration
151 Financial Report – Independent Auditors’ Report
153 Auditors’ Independence Declaration 
154 Five Year Financial performance Summary 
155 Glossary 
Inside back cover  Directory, Annual General Meeting  

and Dividend details 

our customers and their markets are in 45 countries ...

direCtOrY
Brambles limited
level 40
Gateway
1 Macquarie place
Sydney nSW 2000
Australia

telephone:  61 (0) 2 9256 5222
Facsimile:  61 (0) 2 9256 5299 
Website:  www.brambles.com

Brambles limited has a primary listing on 
the Australian Securities exchange and 
a secondary listing on the london Stock 
exchange. the global headquarters of 
Brambles is in Sydney, Australia.

All currency amounts in this report are in 
uS dollars unless otherwise specified.

annual General meeting
the 2008 Annual General Meeting of 
Brambles limited will be held on tuesday, 
25 november at 10.00am (AeDt) at: 

level 3
overseas passenger terminal
Circular Quay West Street, the Rocks
Sydney nSW 2000

A live webcast of the meeting will be 
broadcast on www.brambles.com.

dividend
the final dividend of 17.5 Australian cents 
per share is 10% franked for all shareholders 
in Brambles limited and will be paid on 
9 october 2008. 

Brambles Business Units
CHeP americas
8517 South park Circle
orlando Fl 32819-9040
united States of America

CDI holders will receive their dividend 
payments as soon as possible after ordinary 
shareholders, once fx transactions have been 
completed. 

telephone:  1 407 370 2437
Facsimile:  1 407 355 6211

email: 
Website:  www.chep.com

chep@brambles.com

CDIs holders who are also CReSt 
participants can expect to receive their 
dividend payments via CReSt electronic 
unmatched Stock event (uSe) messages, 
once the cash has been received and 
reconciled by euroclear uK and Ireland, 
taking note of their election (if any) of a 
default payment currency option as detailed 
in the euroclear uK and Ireland international 
service description.

For CDI holders who use the equiniti 
corporate nominee service, additional 
processing time is required to print and mail 
cheques, or, for holders who have completed 
dividend mandate forms, to set up cash 
transfers into their bank accounts. All CDI 
holders who use the equiniti corporate 
nominee service will receive their dividends 
in pounds sterling.

CHeP emea
1 lamb Walk 
london 
Se1 3tt 
united Kingdom

telephone:  44 (0) 207 940 0080 
Facsimile:   44 (0) 207 940 7876

CHeP asia-Pacific
level 6, Building C
11 talavera Road,
north Ryde
nSW 2113
Australia

telephone:  61 (0) 2 9856 2437
Facsimile:  61 (0) 2 9856 2404

recall
one Recall Center
180 technology parkway
norcross GA 30092
united States of America

telephone:  1 770 776 1000
Facsimile:  1 770 776 1001

email: 
Website:  www.recall.com 

recall@brambles.com

 CHep

 Recall

 CHep and Recall

Cover: Brian Soulsby, national eCR 
and Supply Chain Manager of Colgate-
palmolive and Matthew Jager, team 
leader – Sales, CHep Asia-pacific. 

Page 1: Andrew letfallah, Recall 
Sales Manager – Retail, has been 
with Brambles for over seven years 
and manages a sales team of 13.

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Brambles is committed to achieving Zero Harm, which 
means zero injuries and zero environmental damage, 
and has used a peFC, Chain of Custody accredited 
printer to produce this Annual Report. 

the text pages of this Annual Report are printed on 
enVI web, a carbon neutral, peFC Certified paper, 
which is an elemental chlorine free pulp derived from 
sustainable forests. the paper was manufactured at 
Australian papers’ Wesley Vale Mill under ISo 14001, 
an international environmental standard.

 
 
 
... served by more than 12,000 Brambles people.

Our people are totally committed to our customers. They know that achieving 
sustainable growth requires us to understand, and anticipate, our customers’ 
changing needs and operating environments. Brambles strives for continuous 
improvement in customer service and satisfaction to make it easier for our 
customers to do business with us.

Brambles Limited 2008 Annual Report 1

 is the global leader in pallet and container pooling services.
CHEPCHEP is the global leader in pallet and container pooling services.

PALLETS  
PALLETS

CHEP’s pallet pooling system helps 
our customers by lowering transport 
and distribution costs, improving 
handling efficiencies and safety, and 
reducing product damage. 

rEuSABLE PLASTiC 
rEuSABLE PLASTiC 
ConTAinErS
ConTAinErS
CHEP’s Reusable Plastic 
Containers reduce product damage 
and packaging-related costs, improve 
product and retailer presentation and 
reduce packaging waste. 

AuTomoTivE ConTAinErS  
AuTomoTivE ConTAinErS

CHEP’s automotive containers help 
our customers by avoiding double 
handling of parts as automotive 
components move directly from 
suppliers to manufacturers. 

inTErmEdiATE BuLk 
inTErmEdiATE BuLk 
ConTAinErS
ConTAinErS
CHEP’s Intermediate Bulk 
Containers provide cost and quality 
assurance for the bulk packaging 
of liquid and dry products in the 
food, chemical, pharmaceutical and 
transport industries. 

2  Brambles Limited 2008 Annual Report

 is a global leader in the management of information 
recall is a global leader in the management of information 
recall
throughout its life cycle.
throughout its life cycle.

CATALyST And CHEmiCAL 
CATALyST And CHEmiCAL 
ConTAinErS
ConTAinErS
CHEP’s Catalyst and Chemical 
Containers provide petroleum 
refining and chemical industry 
customers a safe and efficient 
solution for transporting spent 
catalysts that is environmentally 
superior to bags or drums. 

doCumEnT mAnAgEmEnT 
doCumEnT mAnAgEmEnT 
SoLuTionS (dmS)
SoLuTionS (dmS)
Recall’s DMS business benefits 
our customers through the secure 
indexing, storage, image capture 
and retrieval of physical and 
digital documents.

SECurE dESTruCTion 
SECurE dESTruCTion 
SErviCES (SdS)
SErviCES (SdS)
Recall’s SDS business benefits 
our customers by providing best 
practice and confidential destruction 
of sensitive documents and other 
media items of critical value to 
the customer.

dATA ProTECTion 
dATA ProTECTion   
SErviCES (dPS)
SErviCES (dPS)
Recall’s DPS business benefits our 
customers by providing reliable 
and secure off-site storage, as well 
as the rotation, protection and 
recovery of computer back-up data.

Brambles Limited 2008 Annual Report  3

Helping our customers to move over three million 
pallets and containers of product every day to 
markets in 45 countries
CHEP works with many of the world’s leading manufacturers of fast moving 
consumer goods, such as Colgate-Palmolive, to provide pallet pooling solutions 
that reduce costs, waste and product damage and increase productivity 
and efficiency.

An independent life cycle analysis of CHEP USA’s pallet pool found that, compared to traditional exchange and one-way pallet solutions, 
CHEP’s system generates much less waste, uses at least 30% less energy and produces at least 33% less greenhouse gas emissions.

4  Brambles Limited 2008 Annual Report

Working with our customers to improve supply 
chain efficiency

CHEP’s Innovation Centre in Orlando, Florida is a facility dedicated to designing 
and continuously testing our pallets and containers to make them more 
durable and safer for use in the supply chain. Customers can work with 
CHEP engineers to test and validate material handling platforms and packaging 
to help improve the performance of their products while in storage and transit.

A major food manufacturer asked a packaging film supplier to consider shipping its product rolls on a standard CHEP pallet. After testing a 
number of unit load configurations, CHEP demonstrated that the rolls could be organised in a specific pattern that resulted in a 20% increase 
in product shipped per load and improved operating efficiencies. It also allowed the customer to have additional CHEP pallets in the supply 
chain for its use downstream.

Brambles Limited 2008 Annual Report  5

One touch, fresh produce

CHEP’s Reusable Plastic Containers (RPCs) are a durable, reusable, 
high quality product that is shipped through the supply chain and displayed 
in a retail environment with minimal handling. RPCs offer a one-touch 
solution for customers in the fresh fruit and vegetable industry, reducing 
damage to produce and removing cardboard from the waste stream.

CHEP’s RPC agreement with Woolworths will set a benchmark in efficiency, safety and environmental performance for Australasia’s fresh 
produce supply chain. Under the agreement, the specially designed RPCs will be retrieved and inspected before being washed and relocated 
for their next use. In addition to protecting produce as it travels from the farm to the supermarket shelf, CHEP’s RPCs will provide reverse 
logistics savings, and reduce water usage and health and safety risks associated with manual handling.

6  Brambles Limited 2008 Annual Report

Improving productivity for automotive customers

CHEP’s automotive containers are designed specifically for the automotive 
industry to improve manufacturing efficiencies, reduce product damage 
and packaging waste. They also allow customers to improve supply chain 
productivity and reduce expenditure by integrating container control with 
ordering systems so containers are allocated according to demand.

CHEP is working with ChangAn Ford Mazda Automotive Nanjing in China to provide a total container management solution throughout their 
supply chain. CHEP’s pooling model will help avoid double handling of incoming parts, increase efficiency and save costs. CHEP’s people, 
who will be located at the customer’s premises, will work with the customer and its supplier base to remove disposable packaging and 
replace it with returnable and reusable CHEP containers to drive further long term savings and waste reduction.

Brambles Limited 2008 Annual Report  7

Leading the industry in security and efficiency

Recall’s industry-leading application of radio-frequency identification (RFID) 
technology to its carton tracking system increases the accuracy, efficiency 
and speed of inventory audits because it allows individual cartons to be 
detected three rows deep. Standard bar coding, in comparison, requires 
manual search and identification.

Recall can provide cost effective, 100% annual inventory and audit reporting to customers facing stringent audit compliance requirements. 
Previously, a million carton audit would take two years to hand-scan and complete. Recall’s RFID-enabled facilities can now do it in a number 
of days, saving customers time and money and minimising risk exposure – an ability unprecedented in the information management industry.

8  Brambles Limited 2008 Annual Report

Environmentally sound secure destruction

Identity and intellectual property theft is a major concern throughout the 
world. Recall’s exclusive closed loop destruction process allows customers 
to dispose of sensitive information and material securely and confidentially. 

Globally, Recall collected, shredded and sent for recycling approximately 225,000 tonnes of paper this financial year. Recycling reduces 
energy and waste generation and Recall’s recycling saves the equivalent of 697,000 cubic metres of landfill or the felling of about three million 
trees. In terms of greenhouse gas emissions, it is the same as removing over 130,000 cars from the road.

Brambles Limited 2008 Annual Report  9

Financial Performance

Brambles delivered another year of solid results in 2008.

Sales revenue grew 13% (6% in constant currency) 
to US$4,358.6 million.

Comparable operating profit grew 12% (6% in constant currency) 
to US$1,046.9 million.

uS$ miLLionS 
uS$ miLLionS 

Continuing operations

Sales 

Comparable operating profit before costs  

relating to quality and Walmart1 

Comparable operating profit 

Profit after tax, before special items 

Special items after tax 

Profit after tax, from discontinued operations 

2008  
2008

20072007 

% CHAngE  
% CHAngE  

% CHAngE 
% CHAngE   
AT ConSTAnT 
AT ConSTAnT   
CurrEnCy 
CurrEnCy 

4,358.6  

3,868.8  

13%   

1,078.4  

1,046.9  

626.5  

20.4  

1.8  

932.8  

932.8  

585.7  

(152.0) 

857.6  

16%   

12%   

7%   

6%  

9%  

6%  

0%  

Profit for the year2 

648.7  

1,291.3  

(50%)  

Earnings per share (US cents) 

EPS before special items from continuing operations 

Basic EPS 

Cash flow from operations 

Free cash flow 

Net debt 

Gearing (net debt/net debt + equity) 

Interest cover 

44.5  

46.0  

810.0  

412.6  

37.8  

83.4  

875.5  

490.2  

2,426.2  

1,996.9  

61.1% 

10.0x 

58.4% 

22.9x 

18%   

(45%)  

10%  

note 
1   Costs incurred by CHEP USA associated with quality improvement and innovation and transition costs as a result of Walmart’s decision 

to modify management of pallet flows within its network in the USA.

2   In 2007 Brambles made an US$820.7 million pre-tax (US$832.9 million post-tax) gain on sale of discontinued businesses, primarily 

Cleanaway UK and Asia.

To show underlying performance, constant currency comparisons are used throughout this Report. Constant currency relative performance 
is calculated by translating both current period and comparable period results into US$ at the actual monthly exchange rates applicable for 
the comparable period.
Its purpose is to show relative performance between periods before the translation impact of currency fluctuations.

10  Brambles Limited 2008 Annual Report

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Total dividend of 34.5 Australian cents, up 13%.

Cash flow from operations remained strong at US$810.0 million.

Earnings per share before special items grew 18%  
(10% in constant currency) to 44.5 US cents.

SALES From ConTinuing oPErATionS 
SALES From ConTinuing oPErATionS   
(uS$ miLLionS) 
(uS$ miLLionS) 

ComPArABLE oPErATing ProFiT 
ComPArABLE oPErATing ProFiT   
From ConTinuing oPErATionS11  
From ConTinuing oPErATionS
(uS$ miLLionS) 
(uS$ miLLionS) 

4,359

3,869

9%

38%

3,522

8%

38%

3,275

8%

38%

8%
40%

38%

37%

36%

16%

17%

17%

36%

16%

By business:
  CHEP Asia-Pacific
  CHEP EMEA
  CHEP Americas
  Recall

1,074

964

9%

37%

9%
35%

801

44%

42%

10%
37%

619

41%

12%
41%

33%

14%

12%

12%

12%

By business:
  CHEP Asia-Pacific
  CHEP EMEA
  CHEP Americas
  Recall

2005

2006

2007

2008

2005

2006

2007

2008

CASH FLoW From ConTinuing oPErATionS1 1   
CASH FLoW From ConTinuing oPErATionS
(uS$ miLLionS)
(uS$ miLLionS)

EArningS PEr SHArE 
EArningS PEr SHArE   
(ConTinuing oPErATionS, BEForE SPECiAL iTEmS) 
(ConTinuing oPErATionS, BEForE SPECiAL iTEmS)   
(uS CEnTS) 
(uS CEnTS) 

867

847

7%

35%

43%

11%

42%

752

698

8%

41%

10%

43%

34%

40%

37%

13%

11%

10%

15%

By business:
  CHEP Asia-Pacific
  CHEP EMEA
  CHEP Americas
  Recall

44.5

37.8

25.5

18.3

2005

2006

2007

2008

2005

2006

2007

2008

note  
1   Excludes unallocated Brambles Headquarters costs.

Brambles Limited 2008 Annual Report  11

Brambles delivered a solid performance 
during the 2008 financial year in what 
was a challenging economic environment 
in many markets. 

grAHAm krAEHE Ao CHAIRMAN

12 Brambles Limited 2008 Annual Report

Brambles’ solid performance in the 2008 
financial year was driven mainly by volume 
growth across all regions of CHEP and 
Recall. Our balance sheet remains strong 
with significant unutilised credit facilities 
and no major debt refinancing due before 
November 2010. Cash flow from operations 
remains strong at US$810 million. 

Under the on-market share buy-back 
program approved by shareholders at last 
year’s Annual General Meeting, Brambles 
has bought back 42 million shares at a total 
cost of US$392 million.

The Board was pleased to declare a final 
dividend for the 2008 financial year of 17.5 
Australian cents per share. Together with 
the interim dividend of 17.0 Australian cents, 
the total dividend for the year was 34.5 
Australian cents, an increase of 13% over 
last year.

rETirEmEnT oF don ArguS
On 6 February 2008, Don Argus retired 
as Chairman of Brambles due to his other 
business commitments. Don provided strong 
leadership during his tenure of eight and a 
half years, a period that involved some of 
the most momentous changes in Brambles’ 
history. These changes included uniting 
the ownership of CHEP around the globe 
to create the world’s largest pallet pooling 
operator and, more recently, simplifying 
Brambles’ structure and successfully 
implementing both a CEO succession 
process and a new management structure 
to support growth.

Don made an outstanding contribution 
to Brambles and he left the company in a 
position of operational and financial strength, 
with a growing global footprint. On behalf 
of all shareholders, I would like to thank 
Don for his contribution to Brambles.

I thank my Board colleagues for 
their confidence in appointing me 
Chairman. Following his appointment 
as CEO, Mike Ihlein has reorganised the 
management structure and appointed 
a strong team who, I am confident, can 
deliver Brambles’ growth strategy. 

BoArd rEnEWAL And CorPorATE 
govErnAnCE
In addition to the retirement of Don Argus, 
there were a number of other changes to 
the Board during the year. As advised last 
year, David Turner and Hans-Olaf Henkel 
retired as Directors at the conclusion of 
the 2007 Annual General Meeting and 
Dave Mezzanotte retired as a Director on 
4 April 2008. Liz Doherty joined the Board 
as an Executive Director on 1 December 
2007, following her appointment as Chief 
Financial Officer.

Jac Nasser resigned as a Non-executive 
Director on 14 January 2008 and I thank 
him for his excellent contribution to the 
Board over four years, including his service 
on the Remuneration Committee and the 
Nominations Committee. 

The Corporate Governance Report on 
page 44 of this Annual Report outlines 
the key components of Brambles’ 
governance framework. During the 2008 
financial year, Brambles made the transition 
from the first edition to the second edition 
of the ASX Corporate Governance Council’s 
Principles and Recommendations. As at 
30 June 2008, the Board considers that 
Brambles was in compliance in all material 
respects with the second edition of those 
principles and recommendations. The 
Board is, however, conscious that best 
practice in the area of corporate governance 
is continuously evolving, and will therefore 
continue to anticipate and respond to 
further corporate governance developments 
on an ongoing basis. 

SuSTAinABiLiTy
Brambles has recognised for many years 
that we must focus not only on our financial 
performance, but also social, ethical, 
environmental and other non-financial issues 
to ensure we create a sustainable company 
and sustainable shareholder value. Our 
Sustainability Report on page 28 provides 
details of our performance in these areas. 

Brambles has a relatively light environmental 
footprint – we will not, for example, be 
obliged to report under Australia’s new 
National Greenhouse and Energy Reporting 
System from 2009. We are committed, 
nevertheless, to minimising our impact on 
the environment and I am pleased to say 
that we have again maintained our position 
in the landmark FTSE4Good and Dow Jones 
Sustainability Indices.

Brambles continues to provide financial and 
other forms of support to a broad range of 
charitable and community organisations 
around the world. The Brambles 
Community Reach program provided about 
US$600,000 in grants during the year 
to help our people to support causes that 
benefit health, the environment or safety. 
More detail is provided on pages 38 and 39. 

SAFETy
We are also committed to working safely 
and applying industry best practice to the 
health, safety and wellbeing of employees, 
customers, contractors, suppliers and the 
communities in which we operate. Our aim 
is to achieve Zero Harm, which means zero 
injuries and zero environmental damage.

It is with great sadness, however, that I 
report that Mr Ícaro Roldão Chaves de Barros 
Júnior, an employee of CHEP in Brazil, was 
fatally injured in January 2008 in a road 
traffic accident when he lost control of his 
vehicle in heavy rain and collided with a 
truck. On behalf of Brambles, I extend my 
sincere condolences to his family and friends. 

ouTLook
Brambles is well positioned to deliver another 
year of sales revenue and profit growth in the 
2009 financial year. Good progress is being 
made in a number of strategically important 
growth areas for CHEP, particularly food 
service and beverages in the USA, expansion 
in Germany and Poland and the emerging 
markets of China and India. The Company 
is confident of continuing to win significant 
new business in all markets and this will 
contribute to volume growth in the 2009 
financial year and beyond. 

All business units (CHEP Americas, EMEA 
and Asia-Pacific, and Recall) are expected 
to deliver increased sales revenue in the 
2009 financial year. Ongoing focus on cost 
efficiencies and network optimisation will 
also benefit profit growth in each business 
unit. However, CHEP Asia-Pacific profit 
growth will be impacted in the near term due 
to its strategic investments in the emerging 
markets of China and India. 

Brambles remains confident that an 
agreement will be reached with Walmart 
to deliver the lowest cost overall supply chain 
solution, although CHEP USA profit growth 
will be subdued in the 2009 financial year 
due to non-recurring Walmart transition costs. 

Brambles has robust business models 
in both CHEP and Recall which have a 
continuing ability to gain significant new 
business. A considerable proportion of 
customers are involved in the fast moving 
consumer goods (FMCG) sector which, 
while not immune from downturns, generally 
proves less volatile in challenging economic 
conditions. However, Brambles recognises 
that the more difficult consumer environment 
in many markets has the potential to 
dampen organic growth in the short term.

Brambles has a high quality customer base, 
strong track record in winning new business 
and opportunities for growth in existing 
and emerging markets. While the current 
economic uncertainty in global markets has 
the potential to affect consumer sentiment, 
Brambles is well positioned to achieve its 
objective of 10% compound sustainable 
sales revenue growth in the medium to 
long term.

Brambles Limited 2008 Annual Report  13

Brambles’ performance in 2008 confirmed the 
strength of our business models and featured 
excellent early progress in the implementation 
of our growth strategy.

mikE iHLEin CHIEF EXECUTIvE OFFICER

14 Brambles Limited 2008 Annual Report

The highlights of Brambles’ financial 
performance during the year were:

 –

sales revenue up 13% (6% in constant 
currency) to US$4.4 billion;

 –

comparable operating profit up 
12% (6% in constant currency) to 
US$1,046.9 million;

 –

prior to our investment in quality initiatives 
and the impact of transition costs relating 
to the management of pallet flows in the 
Walmart network in the USA, comparable 
operating profit was up 16% (9% in 
constant currency) to US$1,078.4 million; 

 –

comparable operating profit margin 
maintained at 24%;

 –

earnings per share before special items 
up 18% (10% in constant currency) to 
44.5 US cents; 

 –

cash flow from operations remaining 
strong at US$810.0 million; and

 –

Brambles value Added (BvA) up 
US$24 million to US$516 million.

It is a tribute to the excellence of our people 
that we delivered a solid performance given 
the increasingly challenging economic 
environment in many markets. Importantly, 
we continue to win significant new business, 
in both existing and new markets.

Brambles continues to implement a range 
of initiatives to effectively manage transport 
costs. These initiatives include optimising 
transport networks and using on-line 
auctions to meet its transport requirements. 
The recent acquisition of LeanLogistics, 
a leading provider of technology-based 
transport and supply chain solutions in 
the USA, will also enable CHEP to provide 
enhanced transportation management 
services to customers. 

invESTmEnT For groWTH
Brambles has extensive organic growth 
prospects in all its key markets as well 
as a number of significant geographic 
expansion opportunities. During the year, 
we commenced a strategic investment 
program targeted mainly at new business 
in CHEP.

When the program was announced in 
February 2008, opportunities were identified 
across all parts of the business. Some of the 
key opportunities in CHEP are the beverages 
and food service sectors in the USA, 
business expansion in Germany, Central and 
Eastern Europe and China, along with the 
establishment of a CHEP presence in India.

CHEP has made good progress on its 
strategic program, with capital expenditure 
in the 2008 financial year totalling 
approximately US$35 million on the 
following new business activities:

 –

increased presence in the food service 
sector in the USA through a significant 
expansion of business with Tyson Foods, 
which will become one of CHEP USA’s 
largest customers;

 –

new business in the USA non-
carbonated beverages sector, with a 
major manufacturer converting from 
‘white wood’ to CHEP;

 –

adding a number of new customers 
in China, including Tsing Tao Breweries, 
Nestlé Waters, Asia Pacific Breweries, 
Nongfu Spring Mineral Water and 
ChangAn Ford Mazda;

 –

CHEP Asia-Pacific commencing operations 
in the rapidly growing Indian market in the 
latter part of the financial year; and

 –

CHEP EMEA winning business in 
Germany and adding several new 
customers in Poland.

Successful execution of the strategic 
investment program will contribute to 
Brambles’ objective to achieve 10% 
compound sustainable revenue growth  
in the medium to long term.

invESTmEnT in QuALiTy 
And innovATion
CHEP USA is also investing US$100 million 
over two years in a range of initiatives 
focused on quality improvement and 
innovation in response to customers’ 
increased use of automation. A total of 
US$25.1 million was spent during the 2008 
financial year. The initiatives included:

 –

establishing a team of plant quality 
representatives located at service centres 
which inspect, repair and re-issue pallets 
to customers;

 –

implementing automated digital pallet 
inspection equipment; and

 –

introducing the new Blue Step Pallet 
(currently under trial) which provides 
better protection for customer products 
and reduced pallet damage.

nEW orgAniSATion And ExECuTivE 
LEAdErSHiP TEAm

In August 2007, I announced a new 
organisation structure to provide the support 
required to deliver profitable growth in 
both existing and new markets. The most 
significant change is that CHEP is now 
managed as three Groups:

CHEP Americas 

CHEP EMEA

CHEP Asia-Pacific

USA, Canada, 
Latin America, plus 
LeanLogistics and the 
global Catalyst and 
Chemical Containers 
business

Europe, Middle East 
and Africa

Australia, New 
Zealand, South-East 
Asia, India and China

The reporting structure for Recall remains 
unchanged. 

On 31 January 2008, I announced the three 
new Group Presidents for CHEP:

Kevin Shuba 

Tom Gorman

Craig van der Laan

Group President, 
CHEP Americas

Group President, 
CHEP EMEA

Group President, 
CHEP Asia-Pacific

These outstanding executives report directly 
to me as part of the new Brambles Executive 
Leadership Team (ELT). The other members 
of the ELT are:

Elton Potts

President and Chief 
Operating Officer, 
Recall

Liz Doherty

Chief Financial Officer 

Nick Smith

Jasper Judd

Senior vice President 
– Human Resources 

Senior vice 
President – Strategic 
Development 

Profiles of the ELT members are provided 
on pages 16 and 17. I am delighted that 
we were able to promote individuals with 
excellent skills, talent and experience from 
within the business and also attract external 
senior executives of the highest quality. 

CuSTomErS, mArkETS, PEoPLE
When I became Chief Executive Officer on 
1 July 2007, I stressed that Brambles has 
very strong foundations on which to build 
its future – highly valuable service offerings, 
a substantial and expanding customer base 
in existing and new markets and excellent 
people with proven expertise.

To implement our growth strategy 
successfully, and to consolidate our position 
as a highly competitive global enterprise, 
we must be totally committed to our 
Customers, our Markets and our People – 
and also maintain our culture of continuous 
improvement. Led by our new Executive 
Leadership Team, we are working together 
to seize opportunities to grow, win new 
business and generate profitable, sustainable 
growth for the benefit of our shareholders. 
We are also working with our customers to 
respond to the current supply chain cost 
and efficiency challenges. Our performance 
during 2008, and our continuing success in 
winning new business, makes me optimistic 
about the medium to longer term growth 
outlook for our company.

Brambles Limited 2008 Annual Report  15

Executive Leadership Team

mikE iHLEin
Chief Executive officer
Chief Executive officer
Mike joined Brambles as Chief 
Financial Officer in March 2004 
and became Chief Executive 
Officer in July 2007. Previously, 
he had a long career with 
Coca-Cola Amatil Limited (and 
related companies), where he 
was Chief Financial Officer 
(1997–2004), Managing 
Director of Coca-Cola Amatil, 
Poland (1995–97) and had 
previously held a number of 
senior business development 
and treasury roles within 
that company. Mike holds a 
Bachelor of Business Studies 
(Accounting) from the University 
of Technology, Sydney. He is 
also an Associate Member of the 
Australian Institute of Company 
Directors, a CPA Australia and 
a member of Financial Services 
Institute of Australasia (Finsia). 
Age 53.

kEvin SHuBA 
group President, CHEP 
group President, CHEP 
Americas 
Americas 
Kevin has worked with CHEP 
since 1996, serving as 
President, CHEP USA from 
November 2006 until his 
appointment to his current role 
in February 2008. His previous 
roles at CHEP include Senior 
vice President, New Business 
Development and Senior vice 
President, Sales & Business 
Development. Before CHEP, he 
worked for insurance company 
Mason-McBride Inc from 1994 
to 1996 and Baxter Healthcare 
Corporation from 1987 to 1994. 
Kevin attended the United 
States Military Academy at West 
Point, graduating in 1981 with 
a Bachelor of Science degree 
in Engineering. He served in 
various command and staff 
positions in the United States 
Army from 1981 to 1986.  
Age 49. 

CrAig vAn dEr LAAn 
group President, CHEP 
group President, CHEP 
Asia-Pacific, global Head 
Asia-Pacific, global Head 
of mergers and Acquisitions
of mergers and Acquisitions
Craig joined Brambles in 2001 
and, having served continuously 
as a member of Brambles’ global 
Executive Committee (now 
Executive Leadership Team), 
was appointed to his current role 
in February 2008. His previous 
roles with Brambles included as 
Group General Counsel, Group 
Company Secretary and global 
head of Human Resources. 
Prior to joining Brambles, he 
was a General Counsel to, and 
Company Secretary of, the 
Westfield Group. Previously, 
Craig was Corporate Solicitor 
for Australian National Industries 
and a solicitor with Mallesons 
Stephen Jaques. He holds 
degrees in Law (LLB (Hons)) 
and Arts (BA) from the 
University of Sydney. 
Age 43.

Liz doHErTy
Chief Financial officer
Chief Financial officer
Liz joined Brambles as Chief 
Financial Officer and Executive 
Director in December 2007. 
She is currently a non-executive 
director of SABMiller plc. Liz 
was Group International Finance 
Director at Tesco plc from 2001 
to 2007. She previously had a 
long career with Unilever plc 
in increasingly senior operating 
finance roles based in a number 
of locations, including Asia 
and Europe. She holds a First 
Class Bachelor of Science 
degree from the University 
of Manchester, UK. Liz is a 
Fellow of the Chartered Institute 
of Management Accountants 
(FCMA) and a Fellow of the RSA.  
Age 50.

16  Brambles Limited 2008 Annual Report

JASPEr Judd 
Senior vice President 
Senior vice President 
– Strategic development 
– Strategic development 
Jasper joined Brambles in 
2002. He served as Acting 
Chief Financial Officer following 
Mike Ihlein’s appointment as 
Chief Executive Officer in July 
2007 and, before that, was 
Group Financial Controller for 
about four years. His previous 
roles were Interim Senior vice 
President and Chief Financial 
Officer, CHEP Europe and 
General Manager, Finance & 
Administration. Before joining 
Brambles, he was Chief 
Financial Officer of Brainspark 
plc and held senior financial 
positions at a number of other 
companies including Booker 
plc. Jasper is a member of 
the Institute of Chartered 
Accountants in England and 
Wales and graduated from 
Cambridge University with a 
Master of Arts (Hons).  
Age 47.

Tom gormAn 
group President, CHEP EmEA 
group President, CHEP EmEA 
Tom joined Brambles in March 
2008. Previously, he had 
a long career with the Ford 
Motor Company, and served as 
President Ford Australia from 
March 2004 until January 
2008. His previous roles at 
Ford included General Sales 
Manager; Executive Director, 
North America Fleet, Lease 
and Remarketing Operations; 
Executive Director, Business 
Development; and Finance 
Director, Ford France. Before 
joining Ford, he worked for 
the Bank of Boston. Tom 
graduated from Tufts University 
in 1982 with a Bachelor of 
Arts degree in Economics and 
International Relations and 
in 1987 he graduated from 
Harvard Business School 
with a Master of Business 
Administration with distinction.  
Age 48.

niCk SmiTH 
Senior vice President
Senior vice President  
– Human resources 
– Human resources 
Nick joined Brambles in 
November 2007. Previously, 
Nick was the Group Human 
Resources Director for Inchcape 
plc, the international automotive 
retail group. Prior to this Nick 
spent a number of years in the 
telecommunications industry, 
firstly with British Telecom plc, 
and then Cable & Wireless 
plc. During this period, Nick 
spent three years working 
for Cable & Wireless Optus 
in Australia, where he was 
Human Resources Director. 
He has also worked for KPMG 
and Macquarie Bank. Nick 
is a qualified management 
accountant, and has a BSc 
(Econ) in International Politics 
and an MBA.  
Age 47.

ELTon PoTTS 
President and Chief operating 
President and Chief operating 
officer, recall 
officer, recall 
Elton joined Brambles in 2002 
as vice President, Controller 
for CHEP USA. That same 
year he was appointed vice 
President, Asset Management 
for CHEP USA, and later 
became Senior vice President, 
Asset Management for CHEP 
USA in 2003. In December 
2006 he was appointed Chief 
Operating Officer of Recall and 
then appointed President and 
Chief Operating Officer of Recall 
in April 2007. Before joining 
Brambles, Elton held various 
operations and finance roles 
with Owens-Corning and Newell 
Rubbermaid. He holds a degree 
in Financial Management from 
Clemson University and an MBA 
from Capital University.  
Age 44.

Brambles Limited 2008 Annual Report  17

CHEP is the global leader in pallet and container 
pooling services, with over 7,000 people 
supporting more than 345,000 customer 
locations in 45 countries. CHEP issues, collects, 
repairs and re-issues about 300 million pallets 
and containers from its global network of over 
500 service centres to assist manufacturers, 
distributors and retailers to transport their 
products safely and efficiently.

18  Brambles Limited 2008 Annual Report

SALES By SErviCE (uS$ miLLionS)
SALES By SErviCE (uS$ miLLionS)

SALES By rEgion (uS$ miLLionS)
SALES By rEgion (uS$ miLLionS)

2,956

2%
5%
5%
88%

2,763

2%
5%
6%
87%

3%
5%
6%
86%

3,610

3,218

3%
5%
5%
87%

3,610

3,218

11%

45%

2,956

10%

45%

2,763

10%

45%

10%

47%

43%

45%

45%

44%

2005

2006

2007

2008

2005

2006

2007

2008

Other

Automotive

RPC

Pallets

Asia-Pacific

EMEA

Americas

CHEP delivered another year of solid profit 
growth and the highlights of this year’s 
financial performance were:

 –

sales revenue rising 12% (6% in constant 
currency) to US$3.6 billion; and

 –

comparable operating profit rising 
12% (6% in constant currency) to 
US$945.2 million.

Under the new organisation structure 
introduced during the year, CHEP is 
managed in three groups:

CHEP Americas

CHEP EMEA

CHEP Asia-Pacific

USA, Canada, 
Latin America plus 
LeanLogistics and 
the global Catalyst 
and Chemical 
Containers business

Europe, Middle East 
and Africa

Australia, New 
Zealand, South-East 
Asia, India and China

CHEP AmEriCAS
CHEP Americas delivered a solid result in 
difficult economic conditions with sales 
revenue up 10% (8% in constant currency) 
to US$1,581.3 million and comparable 
operating profit up 7% (5% in constant 
currency) to US$452.8 million. Prior 
to investment in quality and innovation 
initiatives in CHEP USA and the Walmart 
transition costs (see right), comparable 
operating profit for CHEP Americas grew 
15% (12% in constant currency). The profit 
margin remained steady at 29% which was 
an excellent outcome given the additional 
costs incurred during the year.

CHEP USA grew sales revenue by 6%, 
although the second half of the year 
was impacted by slowing demand in a 
significantly weaker economy. Both Canada 
and Latin America delivered sales revenue 
and comparable operating profit growth 
in excess of 10% (in constant currency) 
primarily driven by increased volume. 

Reported volume growth in the USA was 
2%. However, prior to the loss of a large, low 
margin customer to ‘white wood’, volume 
growth would have been a little over 4%. 
This was achieved through organic growth 
supplemented by net new customer wins 
during the year, although slowing economic 
demand resulted in lower volume growth 
in the second half of the year. 

Sales  12%

CHEP and Walmart continue to be in 
constructive discussion regarding Walmart’s 
decision to modify the management of 
pallet flows within its network in the USA. 
Finalisation of an agreement is taking longer 
than expected due to the complex nature 
of the management of pallet flows in the 
Walmart network and the involvement of a 
number of third party pallet management 
service providers in the new arrangements.

Brambles remains confident that an 
agreement will be reached with Walmart 
to deliver the lowest cost overall supply 
chain solution. Brambles’ objective is that 
the arrangements will be broadly operating 
cost neutral to CHEP on an ongoing 
basis as compared with the previous 
arrangements. As Walmart is not an emitter 
customer of CHEP, there is no impact 
expected on sales revenue or issue volumes 
from any new arrangements.

CHEP incurred transition costs relating to 
Walmart of US$10.9 million in the 2008 
financial year, due to loss of white wood 
revenue and temporary additional transport 
costs. It is estimated that approximately 
US$30 million in transition costs will be 
incurred in the 2009 financial year.

BLuE STEP PALLET 
BLuE STEP PALLET   
The Blue Step Pallet, which will 
be launched in the 2009 financial 
year, has been designed by CHEP 
engineers to enhance protection 
for customers’ products while also 
reducing pallet damage.

Brambles Limited 2008 Annual Report  19

Every day, CHEP manages the movement of about half a million Reusable Plastic Containers (RPCs) to over 1,600 customers around the 
world. Fruit and vegetables are loaded from the field or processing facility directly into the RPC – a durable, reusable, high quality container 
that can be shipped through the supply chain and displayed in a retail environment with minimal handling.

A number of significant customer wins 
during the 2008 financial year will 
contribute strongly to volume in the 2009 
financial year and beyond. During the 
year, CHEP USA won new business with 
estimated annualised sales of more than 
US$100 million. CHEP USA’s growth in 
the food service sector through business 
expansion with Tyson Foods, the world’s 
largest processor and marketer of chicken, 
beef and pork, is particularly significant. This 
is the largest customer win by CHEP USA 
for several years and will make Tyson Foods 
one of CHEP USA’s largest customers.

CHEP USA also continued to roll out 
Total Pallet Management initiatives to 
both emitters (including manufacturers) 
and distributors (including retailers). In the 
2008 financial year, seven emitter and five 
distributor sites were added. (Total Pallet 
Management involves CHEP employees 
or subcontractors handling, inspecting 
and sorting inbound pallets at a customer 
distribution centre.)

CHEP Canada had strong sales revenue 
growth driven by increases in organic and 
new business. CHEP Latin America achieved 
strong sales revenue growth through a 
combination of organic growth with major 
customers, lane expansion and new 
business, particularly in Mexico and Brazil.

In the second half of the financial year, 
Brambles acquired LeanLogistics, a 
leading US provider of technology-based 
transport and supply chain solutions, 
for US$45 million. This acquisition will 
enable CHEP to provide a new and value-
enhancing service to both existing and new 
customers. LeanLogistics is making excellent 
progress on its transport optimisation 
solution for a wide range of customers.

CHEP EmEA
CHEP EMEA increased sales revenue 
by 13% (4% in constant currency) to 
US$1,642.1 million and comparable 
operating profit by 18% (9% constant 
currency) to US$396.5 million. The primary 
drivers of profit growth during the year were 
volume increases and European network 
efficiencies.

CHEP EMEA had 4% volume growth across 
all major platforms, with Europe delivering 
3% volume growth, predominantly through 
new business in B1208A and display pallet 
volume as well as new business wins in 
automotive containers. 

The sales pipeline for CHEP Europe 
continues to strengthen, and during the 
year the European team won new business 
with estimated annualised sales of more 
than US$80 million. Key growth segments 
include beverages, food, transporters and 
DIY (Do It Yourself) industries.

Increased operating efficiencies helped 
drive CHEP Europe’s improved performance. 
Transport costs were US$14 million 
lower than last year, equivalent to a one 
percentage point reduction in the transport 
cost ratio (transport costs as a proportion of 
revenue) to 22%. This was largely due to 
improved network efficiencies in the United 
Kingdom.

The Managed Recovery service offering has 
given CHEP UK customers greater flexibility 
while maintaining CHEP’s control over its 
pallets. More than 43% of available flows 
have converted to Managed Recovery and 
all of the UK’s top nine grocery retailers 
have some Managed Recovery flows 
in and out of their networks. (Managed 
Recovery involves CHEP collecting empty 
trade quality pallets and returning them 
to the manufacturer. This service can be 
used in conjunction with CHEP’s exchange 
and one-way trip pallet pooling models 
to minimise the supply chain costs of the 
manufacturer and retailer.)

CHEP Middle East and Africa continued to 
perform strongly driven primarily by robust 
organic growth in South Africa.

20  Brambles Limited 2008 Annual Report

Beverage manufacturers, bottlers, distributors and retailers benefit from CHEP’s pallet pooling system because it reduces product damage, 
lowers transportation costs, improves handling efficiencies and safety, and eliminates the need for customers to purchase and repair pallets.

CHEP ASiA-PACiFiC
CHEP Asia-Pacific increased sales revenue 
by 20% (5% in constant currency) to 
US$386.9 million and comparable operating 
profit by 10% (down 5% in constant 
currency) to US$95.9 million. This result 
includes start-up costs in China and 
India as well as costs associated with the 
implementation of new information systems 
in Australia and New Zealand.

The investments in China and India will 
continue to impact comparable operating 
profit in the short to medium term – but 
they are helping to build the foundations 
for strong future growth in these exciting 
new markets. 

During the year, CHEP Asia-Pacific 
continued to win new customers in China 
including Tsing Tao Breweries, Nestlé 
Waters, Asia-Pacific Breweries, Pearl River 
Breweries and Nongfu Spring Mineral 
Water. CHEP Asia-Pacific also signed a 
three-year agreement with ChangAn Ford 
Mazda Automotive Nanjing to provide total 
container management solutions through 
their supply chain. 

CHEP entered the rapidly growing Indian 
market during the year and progress is 
encouraging. Pallet trials with two major 
manufacturers have been completed 
successfully and larger scale pilot programs 
in both pallets and automotive containers 
have been implemented. Pallet shipments to 
CHEP’s first customers in India commenced 
toward the end of the financial year.

STrEngTH oF THE CHEP modEL
The CHEP business model delivers 
substantial benefits to customers and others 
in the supply chain, including:

 –

consistent, high quality platforms;

 –

lower supply chain costs;

 –

reduced product damage;

 –

faster loading and unloading;

 –

lower transport costs;

 –

lower disposal costs;

 –

on-site management; and

 –

environmental sustainability.

Further information about the environmental 
benefits of the CHEP model, including the 
way it reduces the amount of lumber used 
to build pallets and the amount of lumber 
that goes to waste, is provided in the 
Sustainability Report on page 28.

While the CHEP pallet pooling model is 
strong, CHEP continues to drive a culture of 
continuous improvement by using a program 
called Perfect Trip. Perfect Trip employs Six 
Sigma Methodology – that is, using facts, 
data and statistical analysis to improve 
and reinvent business processes – to grow 
sales, reduce costs and improve quality and 
customer satisfaction.

In addition, CHEP established a number of 
global councils three years ago that bring 
together team leaders from around the world 
to identify and leverage best practices, align 
policies and procedures and share resources 
for the maximum benefit of CHEP and 
its customers. 

There are currently 11 global councils 
focusing on the following areas: Operations, 
Finance, Human Resources, Health 
and Safety, Marketing, Sourcing, Asset 
Management, Sales, Logistics, Quality 
and Perfect Trip.

The guiding principle for the global councils 
is to prioritise opportunities that will drive 
additional value over and above what exists 
in the CHEP business today.

CHEP is a leader in innovation and 
technology. As illustrated on page 5 of this 
Annual Report, CHEP’s Innovation Centre in 
Orlando, Florida is dedicated to continuously 
improving CHEP pallets and containers and 
working with customers to help improve 
the performance of their products while 
in storage and transit. CHEP also has a 
dedicated radio frequency identification 
(RFID) team that is working with customers 
and industry experts to identify the optimal 
tag/reader configurations for use with 
CHEP pallets and containers within the 
extended supply chain.

Brambles Limited 2008 Annual Report  21

Recall is a global leader in the management  
of information throughout its life cycle.
Its 4,500 Team Members service nearly 
80,000 customers, working in approximately 
300 dedicated operations centres in over  
20 countries, on five continents. Recall provides 
secure storage, retrieval and destruction of 
digital and physical information according to 
global standard operating procedures to ensure 
security, efficiency, customer satisfaction 
and sustainability.

22  Brambles Limited 2008 Annual Report

SALES By SErviCE (uS$ miLLionS)
SALES By SErviCE (uS$ miLLionS)

SALES By rEgion (uS$ miLLionS)
SALES By rEgion (uS$ miLLionS)

748

10%

24%

650

66%

566

11%

23%

66%

512

11%

24%

65%

12%

26%

62%

748

3%
25%

650

3%
24%

566

512

3%
22%

26%

49%

2%
18%

30%

50%

27%

45%

26%

47%

2005

2006

2007

2008

2005

2006

2007

2008

Data Protection Services
Secure Destruction Services
Document Management Solutions

Rest of World
Europe

Australia/New Zealand
Americas

Sales  15%

The highlights of Recall’s financial 
performance during the year were:

 –

sales increasing by 15% (7% in constant 
currency) to US$748.3 million;

 –

comparable operating profit increasing 
by 8% (down 2% in constant currency) 
to US$128.4 million;

 –

cash flow from operations increasing 
by US$41.3 million to US$127.7 million; 
and

 –

carton volume growth of 8%.

All regions achieved good sales revenue 
growth, primarily driven by solid volume 
growth, mainly in Document Management 
Solutions and new customer wins. In 
constant currency terms, European sales 
revenue increased by 10%, Americas 
by 5% and Rest of the World by 7%. 
All regions achieved robust comparable 
operating profit growth apart from North 
America where performance has been 
impacted by higher costs.

Recall is focused on improving the efficiency 
and business excellence of its Americas 
business with turnaround initiatives currently 
being implemented.

Excellent progress is being made on the 
rollout of the Bank of America contract in 
the USA – it has already reached one million 
cartons in storage. 

During 2008, Recall invested in new 
information centre facilities in the UK, 
USA and France.

Importantly, there are many growth 
opportunities for Recall in all its major 
markets. Ongoing complexity and stringency 
of regulatory requirements, such as 
“Sarbanes-Oxley”, is underpinning future 
growth because it increases the need for 
secure information management solutions. 
Identity and intellectual property theft is 

a major concern throughout the world and 
this is increasing the need for companies to 
put in place sound information management 
procedures and controls. In addition, digital 
technology is creating more information for 
storage and management – both physical 
and digital.

Furthermore, Recall leads the industry in 
designing and implementing solutions that 
bridge the gap between physical and digital 
information management with its Integrated 
Solutions service offering. Increasing focus 
on availability of critical information, disaster 
recovery and contingency planning worldwide 
will continue to expand the demand for 
Recall’s expertise in this area of the business.

More broadly, the “unvended” market 
opportunities for Recall are extensive. 
Unvended is the industry term for 
information management processes that 
are not currently outsourced to companies 
like Recall. It is estimated that Recall has 
less than 5% of the global market.

Recall has achieved high scores in 
independent customer satisfaction surveys 
in all countries and has strong customer 
loyalty. Recall is focused on continuous 
improvement and applies Six Sigma and 
Lean methodologies to identify, implement 
and further improve best practices in its 
operations worldwide. Recall aims to pass 
on the benefits of these practices to its 
customers, for example in the key areas 
of security and technology. Recall vehicles 
equipped with global positioning systems 
(GPS) and biometric access at Recall 
facilities have both become part of Recall’s 
operations while the ReQuest Web platform 
allows DMS customers to manage all of their 
holdings, schedule deliveries and collections, 
and establish administrative rules in a secure 
online environment.

Recall is also consolidating its position as 
the industry leader in RFID (radio frequency 
identification) technology. RFID tagging sets 
the standard for identification, inventory 
and tracking of customers’ document and 
electronic data archives and adds a new 
layer of security and management efficiency 
to Recall’s industry-leading information 
management solutions.

At Recall’s RFID-enabled facilities, RFID tags 
are attached to Recall cartons and “read” 
by specially designed RFID equipment. 
This is favourable to placing bar codes on 
cartons, because RFID tags can be read 
through three rows of cartons – something 
that is not possible with standard bar code 
technology. RFID processes are completed 
much more quickly and accurately than bar 
code processes and this improves customer 
service and satisfaction. 

RFID technology is also helping Recall to 
achieve its objective of Perfect Order – that 
is, delivering a customer’s order on time, 
completely and in accordance with Recall’s 
Standard Operating Procedures.

doCumEnT mAnAgEmEnT 
doCumEnT mAnAgEmEnT 
SoLuTionS (dmS)   
SoLuTionS (dmS) 
Recall’s largest service line is DMS, 
which provides secure indexing, 
storage, image capture and retrieval 
of information to small and large 
companies around the world.

Brambles Limited 2008 Annual Report  23

Brambles is well positioned 
to continue to deliver revenue 
and profit growth.

grAHAm krAEHE Ao 
Chairman
Chairman

Board of Directors

LukE mAyHEW 
non-executive director 
non-executive director 

Tony FroggATT 
non-executive director 
non-executive director 

Liz doHErTy
Chief Financial officer 
Chief Financial officer   
and Executive director 
and Executive director 

24 Brambles Limited 2008 Annual Report

We continued to win significant 
new business during 2008 and 
this makes me optimistic about 
the medium to longer term growth 
outlook for our company.

mikE iHLEin 
Chief Executive officer and Executive director
Chief Executive officer and Executive director

STEPHEn JoHnS
non-executive director
non-executive director

dAvid goSnELL 
non-executive director 
non-executive director 

CAroLyn kAy 
non-executive director 
non-executive director 

Brambles Limited 2008 Annual Report  25

Board of Directors

grAHAm krAEHE Ao
non-executive Chairman (independent)
non-executive Chairman (independent)
Chairman of the nominations Committee  
and member of the remuneration Committee.
Rejoined the Board in December 2005, was appointed Deputy 
Chairman in October 2007 and Chairman in February 2008. He is 
currently a member of the Board of the Reserve Bank of Australia, 
Chairman of Bluescope Steel Limited and a director of Djerriwarrh 
Investments Limited. Graham was a Non-executive Director of 
Brambles from December 2000 until March 2004, when he 
retired due to commitments in his past role as Chairman of National 
Australia Bank Limited. He has also been the Managing Director and 
Chief Executive Officer of Southcorp Limited and a non-executive 
director of News Corporation. Graham has a Bachelor of Economics 
degree from Adelaide University. He is an Officer of the Order of 
Australia. Age 65.

Liz doHErTy
Chief Financial officer and Executive director
Chief Financial officer and Executive director
Joined Brambles as Chief Financial Officer and Executive Director 
in December 2007. She is currently a non-executive director of 
SABMiller plc. Liz was Group International Finance Director at 
Tesco plc from 2001 to 2007. She previously had a long career 
with Unilever plc in increasingly senior operating finance roles based 
in a number of locations, including Asia and Europe. She holds 
a First Class Bachelor of Science degree from the University 
of Manchester, UK. Liz is a Fellow of the Chartered Institute 
of Management Accountants (FCMA) and a Fellow of the RSA.  
Age 50.

Tony FroggATT
non-executive director (independent)
non-executive director (independent)
member of the nominations Committee  
and the remuneration Committee.
Joined Brambles as a Non-executive Director in June 2006. 
Currently a non-executive director of AXA Asia Pacific Holdings 
Limited and Billabong International Limited. Previously, he was 
Chief Executive of Scottish & Newcastle plc from May 2003 to 
October 2007. Tony began his career with the Gillette Company 
and has held a wide range of sales, marketing and general 
management positions in many countries with major consumer 
goods companies including HJ Heinz, Diageo and Seagram. He 
holds a Bachelor of Law degree from Queen Mary College, London 
and an MBA from Columbia Business School, New York. Age 60.

dAvid goSnELL
non-executive director (independent)
non-executive director (independent)
member of the Audit Committee.
Joined Brambles as a Non-executive Director in June 2006. He is 
Managing Director of Global Supply and Procurement for Diageo 
plc, leading a global team of 9,000 people across manufacturing, 
logistics and technical operations as well as managing Diageo’s 
multi-billion dollar procurement budget. Prior to joining Diageo, 
David spent 20 years at HJ Heinz where he served on the UK board 
and held various European operational positions. He holds a 
Bachelor of Science degree in Electrical and Electronic Engineering 
from Middlesex University, England. Age 51.

26  Brambles Limited 2008 Annual Report

mikE iHLEin
Chief Executive officer and Executive director
Chief Executive officer and Executive director
Joined Brambles as Chief Financial Officer in March 2004 and 
became Chief Executive Officer in July 2007. Previously, he had a 
long career with Coca-Cola Amatil Limited (and related companies), 
where he was Chief Financial Officer (1997–2004), Managing 
Director of Coca-Cola Amatil, Poland (1995–97) and had previously 
held a number of senior business development and treasury roles 
within that company. Mike holds a Bachelor of Business Studies 
(Accounting) from the University of Technology, Sydney. He is 
also an Associate Member of the Australian Institute of Company 
Directors, a CPA Australia and a member of the Financial Services 
Institute of Australasia (Finsia). Age 53.

STEPHEn JoHnS
non-executive director (independent)
non-executive director (independent)
Chairman of the Audit Committee and member  
of the nominations Committee.
Joined Brambles as a Non-executive Director in August 2004. He is 
currently a non-executive director of the Westfield Group, Chairman 
of Spark Infrastructure Group and a director of Sydney Symphony 
Orchestra Limited. Previously Stephen had a long executive career 
with Westfield where he held a number of positions including that 
of Finance Director from 1985 to 2002. He has a Bachelor of 
Economics degree from the University of Sydney and is a Fellow 
of the Institute of Chartered Accountants in Australia. Age 61.

CAroLyn kAy
non-executive director (independent)
non-executive director (independent)
member of the Audit Committee.
Joined Brambles as a Non-executive Director in June 2006.  
She is a director of Commonwealth Bank of Australia Limited 
and the Starlight Foundation and an external board member of 
Allens Arthur Robinson. Carolyn has had extensive experience in 
international finance at Morgan Stanley in London and Melbourne, 
JP Morgan in New York and Melbourne, and Linklaters & Paines 
in London. She holds Bachelor degrees in Law and Arts from the 
University of Melbourne and a Graduate Diploma in Management 
from the AGSM. Carolyn is a Fellow of the Australian Institute of 
Company Directors and a member of Chief Executive Women. She 
was awarded a Centenary Medal for services to Australian society in 
business leadership. Age 47.

LukE mAyHEW
non-executive director (independent)
non-executive director (independent)
Chairman of the remuneration Committee.
Joined Brambles as a Non-executive Director in August 2005. 
He is a non-executive director of WH Smith plc and Chairman 
of Pets at Home Group Limited. Luke was Managing Director 
of John Lewis, the UK’s leading department store business, 
from 2000 to 2004 and Director of Research and Expansion 
at John Lewis Partnership plc, which also includes the Waitrose 
supermarket operation, from 1992 to 2000. He previously held 
senior positions at Thomas Cook and British Airways and was 
Chief Executive of Shandwick’s European business. He has a 
Bachelor of Arts (Honours) degree from Oxford University and 
a Master of Economics degree from the University of London.  
Age 55.

Brambles Limited 2008 Annual Report  27

Sustainability Report

In recent years, the summary of our performance in 
social, ethical, environmental and other non-financial 
areas has been called the Corporate Social Responsibility 
(CSR) Report.
From this year it will be called the Sustainability Report 
– because we believe our performance in all these areas 
plays a vital role in creating a sustainable company for 
the future and sustainable shareholder value.
While we have changed the name of this report, our 
Sustainability and CSR policies have been integrated into 
our core values for many years and remain fundamental 
to the way we do business around the world. 
I am again proud to confirm that Brambles has retained 
its listing in the Dow Jones Sustainability Index, the 
FTSE4Good Index and several other independent 
measures of our Sustainability and CSR performance. 
These results have been achieved because both CHEP and 
Recall are focused firmly on improving their Sustainability 
performance, including the Brambles-wide commitment 
to Zero Harm – which means zero injuries and zero 
environmental damage.
Whilst we did not deliver in 2008 the same improvement 
in greenhouse gas emissions and energy intensity as we 
have done in the previous four years, we nevertheless 
believe that both CHEP and Recall make a positive 
contribution to sustainable business practices. CHEP’s 
pallet pooling model, for example, reduces the amount 
of lumber used to build pallets and the amount of lumber 
that goes to waste because:

28  Brambles Limited 2008 Annual Report

 –
 –

 –

 –

the lumber used is harvested from sustainable sources;
CHEP pallets are higher in quality and have a longer 
useful life than alternative platforms;
CHEP pallets are continuously inspected, repaired 
and reused; and
the clear sense of ownership and controlled end-of-life 
management of our pallets maximises recycling and 
therefore reduces waste sent to landfills. 

On the opposite page, you can see how our US and 
European teams are allowing our customers to calculate 
the environmental benefits of the CHEP pooling model.
On page 32, we provide examples of Recall’s Sustainability 
achievements, including the recycling of paper from its 
Secure Destruction Services business.
As these examples show, Brambles remains committed to 
continuous improvement through monitoring best practice, 
minimising our environmental impact and supporting our 
local communities.

mikE iHLEin  
CHIEF EXECUTIvE OFFICER

CASE STudy
CHEP environmental calculators 
CHEP USA has developed a website that enables any USA 
company to easily calculate how much they can reduce solid waste, 
greenhouse gas emissions and energy consumption by using the 
CHEP pallet pooling system instead of alternative shipping platforms 
such as white wood or disposable pallets.

It also shows how different platforms affect transportation and 
procurement costs, product damage and product handling 
productivity.

The environmental calculations generated by the website are based 
on findings from a comprehensive third-party Life Cycle Inventory 
Analysis conducted last year on CHEP USA’s pallet pooling system. 
This report showed that CHEP pooled pallets produce much less 
solid waste, require less total energy and generate less greenhouse 
gas emissions than non-pooled and one-way systems. A copy of the 
study is available on the Brambles website. Based on these findings, 
in 2007, use of CHEP USA’s pallet pool eliminated approximately 
1.1 billion kilograms of solid waste, saved eight trillion BTUs (British 
Thermal Units) of energy and avoided 634 million kilograms of 
greenhouse gas emissions.

The US energy savings alone, when compared to one-way 
disposable pallets, were enough to power every household in Tampa 
and Orlando, Florida for an entire year. The saving in solid waste was 
the equivalent of more than 100,000 garbage-filled trucks while gas 
emission reductions equalled the annual exhaust emissions of over 
118,000 cars.

In Europe, CHEP has worked with Leeds University to develop a 
similar calculator that demonstrates the significant environmental 
benefits of the CHEP pallet pooling system when compared with 
returnable white wood or disposable pallet alternatives over a 
10 year period. 

The model measures the operational and pooling efficiencies of 
CHEP, the responsible use and conservation of lumber during 
the entire pallet life cycle (including production and repair) and 
the ongoing environmental benefits from the trees that would 
otherwise be felled if non-CHEP shipping platforms were used. 

The CHEP environmental calculator is installed on every CHEP 
Europe sales representative’s laptop, enabling the team to quantify 
the benefits of CHEP to existing and potential customers. 

To use the calculator, a range of data is inserted into the model 
including the number of pallet movements, cycle time, damage 
rate, pallet size and transportation distances. The benefits are 
then quantified in the number of trees saved from being cut down 
and reduced carbon dioxide emissions.

The calculator shows that, over a 10 year period, use of CHEP 
Europe’s pallet pool will save more than 242 million trees from 
being felled when compared with one-way disposable pallets. 
This represents an area of 8,500 square kilometres.

According to Leeds University’s Dr Darron Dixon-Hardy, who worked 
with CHEP to test and validate the calculator, it is “the perfect tool to 
demonstrate to potential customers that they can significantly reduce 
their environmental footprint. The solution does not necessarily lie 
in planting more trees, but rather in avoiding felling them in the first 
place – and this is where CHEP has an important role to play”.

Brambles Limited 2008 Annual Report  29

SuSTAinABiLiTy rEPorT PArAmETErS
This Sustainability Report covers the 2008 financial year. Last year’s 
CSR Report was contained within last year’s Annual Report and 
is available on the Brambles website (www.brambles.com).

Where possible, Brambles has provided comparisons between this 
year’s data and data from previous years. Some data has not been 
compiled in previous years, however, and therefore comparison is 
not possible. Where data is being provided for the first time, it will 
be used for comparisons in future reports.

Further information about Brambles’ Sustainability and CSR policies, 
practices, performance and reporting can be obtained by contacting 
the vice President Corporate Affairs at exchange@brambles.com. 

SuSTAinABiLiTy And CSr PoLiCiES
Brambles’ policies are communicated to all employees and 
are available on the Brambles website.

The Brambles Executive Leadership Team (see pages 16 and 17) 
helps to formulate Sustainability and CSR policies and its members 
are responsible for implementing Sustainability and CSR policies 
across the organisation.

The Group Risk Committee establishes, monitors and reviews 
internal control and risk management systems around agreed 
policies, including Sustainability and CSR policies, and reports 
regularly to the Board.

rECogniTion
During the year, Brambles retained its listings in the Dow Jones 
Sustainability Index (DJSI) and the FTSE4Good Index, two 
of the most authoritative international guides for socially 
responsible investors.

Shareholders are encouraged to provide feedback to the 
Board. Opportunities to do so are outlined in the Corporate 
Governance Report.

Details on the remuneration of Board members, senior executives 
and managers are provided in the Remuneration Report on 
pages 60 to 72.

CommiTmEnT 
During the 2008 financial year, Brambles made the transition 
from the first edition to the second edition of the ASX Corporate 
Governance Council’s Principles and Recommendations. As at 
30 June 2008, the Board considers that Brambles was in 
compliance in all material respects with the second edition 
of those principles and recommendations

Brambles endorses the United Nations Universal Declaration 
of Human Rights and has incorporated this Declaration into 
its policies and Code of Conduct.

EngAgEmEnT 
Brambles actively seeks feedback from its key stakeholders and 
each key stakeholder group has a primary point of contact within 
Brambles who is responsible for appropriate engagement and action:

Customers

Group Presidents of CHEP

President and Chief Operating Officer, Recall

investors

vice President Investor Relations

Employees 
(including 
contractors)

Company Secretary (human rights)

vice President Group Risk and Audit (safety)

Inclusion in the FTSE4Good Index means Brambles meets globally 
recognised corporate responsibility standards and practices. Inclusion 
in the DJSI means Brambles is considered to be among the leading 
10% of corporations in its sector. In fact, Brambles is ranked as a 
Sustainability Leader in the Support Services industrial sector. 

Community and 
the environment

vice President Corporate Affairs

vice President Group Risk and Audit

Suppliers

Group Presidents of CHEP

President and Chief Operating Officer, Recall 

Brambles is also a founding member of the FTSE ISS Corporate 
Governance Index Series, which focuses on best corporate 
governance practice by listed entities.

Brambles is a constituent of the Ethibel Excellence Sustainability 
Index, which is designed to list best-in-class companies across 
sectors and regions in terms of sustainable development and 
stakeholder involvement. Brambles was also recognised by AuSSI, 
the Australian SAM Sustainability Index, as being the sustainability 
leader of the Commercial Services and Supplies sector.

govErnAnCE
The Corporate Governance Report on pages 44 to 53 of this 
Annual Report provides details of Brambles’ corporate governance 
framework as well as risk management, internal compliance and 
control measures. The principal risks and uncertainties facing 
Brambles are set out in Section 7.2 of the Corporate Governance 
Report and are also on the Brambles website under the subsection 
‘Brambles Risk Profile’. 

The Brambles Board has eight members and information on each 
member is provided on pages 26 to 27 of this Annual Report. 
The Corporate Governance Report outlines the role, composition 
and independence of Board members. It also provides information 
on how conflicts of interest are avoided and performance is reviewed. 

government and 
regulatory bodies

Company Secretary

Group Presidents of CHEP

President and Chief Operating Officer, Recall

Brambles holds regular meetings with regulatory bodies, government 
and non-government organisations and also conducts customer and 
supplier surveys and consultation forums, local community forums 
and focus groups. 

Brambles follows a calendar of regular disclosure to the market on its 
financial and operational results. The calendar, which is available on 
the Brambles website, includes dates for the release of half-year and 
full-year results, other financial information, shareholder meetings 
and Brambles’ involvement in major investment conferences. 

Brambles recognises the importance of its relationship with investors 
and analysts. From time to time, Brambles holds briefings to provide 
information and seek feedback from analysts and investors. At least 
two Brambles representatives attend all briefings, one of whom is 
usually the vice President Investor Relations. A record of the briefing 
is maintained and a copy of any presentation material is placed on 
the Brambles website.

30  Brambles Limited 2008 Annual Report

During the 2008 financial year, the following presentations 
and teleconferences were made to analysts and the investment 
community:

2 August 2007

 Mike Ihlein presentation
Accelerating Growth: Building on 
Strong Foundations

22 August 2007

Full-Year Results briefing

24–29 october 
2007

Operations Review presentations in New York, 
Orlando and London

16 november 
2007

Annual General Meeting, Brisbane

21 February 2008 Half-Year Results briefing

18 April 2008

Teleconference regarding Total Pallet 
Management arrangements with Walmart

24 June 2008

Teleconference regarding Trading Update for 
the 11 months to 31 May 2008

All information and presentation materials provided at these 
meetings were released to the stock exchanges and are available on 
the Brambles website.

Brambles encourages vigorous and robust analysis by the investment 
community and a policy of consistent access and treatment is 
applied, irrespective of the views and recommendations expressed. 

Brambles uses the Annual General Meeting to communicate with 
shareholders about its financial situation, performance, ownership, 
strategies and activities. General Meetings allow an opportunity for 
shareholder participation. The vice President Investor Relations and 
Company Secretary deal with shareholder enquiries at other times.

The Brambles Engagement Survey involves all employees and is 
confidential. It surveys employees’ perceptions of their workplace and 
the data is used to track progress from previous surveys, measure 
Brambles against internal and external best practice and identify key 
actions for improvement.

The most recent survey was conducted in April 2008. The response 
rate set a new global Brambles benchmark of 86%. The results of 
the survey were communicated to employees in each business and 
were used to identify and understand concerns at a local level and to 
drive action to address any concerns. The next employee survey will 
be conducted in April 2009.

Following its formation in 2004, the Brambles European Works 
Council meets formally on an annual basis. Its purpose is to 
bring together management and elected workers’ representatives 
from all the EU Member States in which Brambles operates. 
Representatives are consulted, receive information and give their 
views on a range of transnational issues such as health and safety, 
business performance, sales activity, business developments and 
employment trends. At the last meeting held in Lisbon in June 2008, 
Tom Gorman, Group President CHEP EMEA, Nick Smith, Senior 
vice President – Human Resources and other senior management 
attended and took part in wide-ranging discussions concerning 
Brambles, CHEP and Recall.

our SuSTAinABiLiTy APProACH And PErFormAnCE
Economic 
Brambles’ financial performance is reported in detail in this 
Annual Report.

Environmental 
Protection of the environment and the Sustainability of our activities 
are fundamental to the way Brambles does business.

One of Brambles’ Shared values is that we always act with integrity 
and respect for the community and the environment. We are firmly 
committed to sound environmental practice in our daily operations. 

Brambles is committed to achieving Zero Harm. This means zero 
injuries and zero environmental damage. We believe the community 
has the right to expect that every employee will care for the 
environment. We consider the environment in decisions concerning 
the development of projects, the selection of commercial partners 
and suppliers and the launch of new products or services. 

Our respect for the environment means Brambles is committed to 
using resources more efficiently, minimising waste and encouraging 
the sustainable use of our products and services.

EnvironmEnTAL PoLiCy
Environmental policy is set by the Board and applies in all countries 
where Brambles operates – even in countries that do not have 
comprehensive laws protecting the environment.

It is a minimum requirement that all Brambles operations comply 
with all relevant environmental laws and regulations. We further 
expect all employees to care for the environment by adopting the 
following principles: 

 –

strive to achieve best environmental practices in the industry; 

 –

continually improve the efficiency of our use of raw materials and 
energy per unit output; 

 –

minimise the generation of emissions and waste per unit output; 

 –

dispose of unavoidable waste in a responsible manner; 

 –

minimise social impacts such as noise and loss of visual amenity; 

 –

respond to any community environmental concerns with integrity, 
honesty and respect; and 

 –

ask our contractors and suppliers to adhere to the same 
environmental standards that we do. 

Each business sets appropriate environmental performance targets, 
monitors progress and reports results.

The Brambles Environmental Policy requires every business unit 
to ensure that it adheres to these principles. Site environmental 
management plans are required at all operating locations and are 
to include: 

 –

appropriate containment, storage and disposal of wastes and 
other potential contaminants; 

 –

management and monitoring of air emissions, waste water 
discharges and waste stream releases; 

 –

effectiveness of truckwash and stormwater containment facilities; 

 –

maintenance and monitoring of fuel storage tanks; 

 –

containment systems in the event of accidents such as equipment 
fires, breakdowns and vehicle collisions; 

 –

paint spraying emission minimisation; 

 –

noise and dust abatement; 

 –

preservation of visual amenity; 

 –

regulatory and licensing requirements; and 

 –

any other community-sensitive environmental issues. 

Environmental audits are conducted periodically to evaluate 
compliance with applicable laws and regulations and implementation 
of this policy. 

Brambles Limited 2008 Annual Report  31

While Recall Australia’s Information Centre in Greystanes, Sydney covers 20,000 square metres, its use of natural light, 
electric picking system and ability to capture rainwater mean its carbon footprint is relatively small. 

EnvironmEnTAL ComPLiAnCE And mAnAgEmEnT
Senior managers are required to provide a statement on 
environmental compliance twice each year. In addition, each 
business prepares regular environmental compliance reports 
for the Group Risk Committee and the Board.

EnvironmEnTAL PErFormAnCE
Brambles’ businesses benefit the environment by providing reusable 
product transport systems and recycling wood and paper.

Recall assists customers to reduce material usage by providing 
space- and paper-efficient document archival and retrieval solutions. 
As a direct benefit of its digitisation capabilities and integrated 
solutions, customers are likewise able to reduce their dependence 
on physical transportation to review information secured by Recall.

Recall also collects, shreds and sends for recycling about 225,000 
tonnes of paper each year, which equates to approximately three 
million trees.

The CHEP pallet pooling system of reusing and recycling pallets 
significantly reduces customers’ use of resources and waste by 
an estimated seven million tonnes of landfill a year in the USA 
alone. The solid waste reduction is the equivalent of 2.85 million 
Chilean Radiata pine trees, saved on an annual basis by CHEP USA 
operations alone.

CASE STudy
recall Australia
Recall Australia’s Secure Destruction Services business securely 
destroys and recycles about 30,000 tonnes of paper and 
cardboard each year, the equivalent of approximately 93,000 cubic 
metres of landfill space and 374,000 trees. In terms of greenhouse 
gas emissions, it is the same as removing 2,764 cars from the 
road every year.

As this paper comes from customers, Recall is currently developing 
an invoice that includes environmental metrics, such as the volume 
of paper recycled, so customers can demonstrate that their waste 
paper has been dealt with in an environmentally efficient way.

More broadly, Recall Australia is making a concerted effort to reduce 
the carbon footprint of not only its customers but also itself.

An example is Recall’s Information Centre in Greystanes, a Sydney 
suburb. This purpose-built 24 metre high building has capacity to 
store over six million cartons and its construction included a number 
of design features to reduce its carbon footprint.

For instance, it has been built to take advantage of natural light, 
avoiding the need to install fluorescent lighting to cover its 
20,000 square metres of floor space. This has the added 
advantage of significantly reducing the risk of fire.

CHEP in the USA and Europe offers customers environmental 
calculators that demonstrate the carbon emission savings made by 
using the CHEP pallet pooling system (see case study on page 29).

The automated electric carton picking system eliminates the need for 
diesel-powered forklifts and the building’s large roof surface is used 
to capture rainwater for use on the facility’s gardens and lawns.

CHEP also operates a pool of more than 30 million reusable 
plastic containers. These containers are a substitute for cardboard 
packaging used to transport fresh fruit and vegetables and therefore 
reduce waste by avoiding the need for many thousands of tonnes 
of cardboard boxes. 

Brambles is committed to improving the efficient use of its own 
resources and minimising generation of waste.

32  Brambles Limited 2008 Annual Report

CHEP has policies in place to obtain lumber from certified sources. In South Africa, CHEP now owns four pine tree plantations 
and plans to purchase more in the years ahead. 

WHErE doES our LumBEr ComE From?
During the year, Brambles established a dedicated team to 
enhance its lumber sustainability practices. The team facilitates 
world class procurement governance in terms of strategic sourcing, 
consistent procurement processes and support of environmental 
sustainability efforts. 

CHEP, the only purchaser of lumber within Brambles, maintains 
strict lumber sourcing policies. These policies support the 
replenishment of natural resources by sourcing lumber from 
plantations and state-managed forests and requiring managed 
forest certifications from all suppliers. Our suppliers are audited and 
certified against rigorous standards for responsible timber harvesting, 
reforestation and biodiversity preservation.

CHEP does not source lumber from forests or forest product 
suppliers unless it is confident that the supplier is likely to be 
complying with all relevant legislation relating to the trade in forest 
products. CHEP does not source from protected areas, parks or 
similar areas where harvesting operations are not complementary 
to responsible forestry management. Furthermore, CHEP has taken 
steps to assure itself of the provenance and quality of its lumber 
by instituting an audit program at a number of points in its lumber 
supply chain. CHEP Americas has a relationship with Conservation 
International, an organisation that specialises in global biodiversity 
conservation and sustainable forestry, to ensure environmental 
excellence in our business and sourcing practices. 

CHEP South Africa has acquired four plantations in recent years 
with approximately 171,280 cubic metres of standing trees. The 
plantations have mature pine trees ready for harvesting and milling 
into sawn board for use as repair material for CHEP South Africa’s 
pallet pool.

CHEP Australia is a Patron of the Gottstein Trust, a leading supporter 
of forestry research and education.

CHEP also minimises the impact of its internal waste generation 
by ensuring that scrap pallets and containers are recycled for uses 
including animal bedding, mulch and fuel.

HoW doES CHEP rEduCE THE uSE oF LumBEr?
CHEP’s pallet pooling model reduces the amount of lumber 
used to build pallets and the amount of lumber that goes to 
waste because:

 –

the lumber used is harvested from sustainable sources;

 –

CHEP pallets are higher in quality and have a longer useful life 
than alternative platforms;

 –

CHEP pallets are continuously inspected, repaired and reused; and

 –

the clear ownership of the CHEP pool and the controlled end-of-life 
management of CHEP pallets maximises recycling and therefore 
reduces waste sent to landfills. 

CHEP USA engaged an independent contractor in 2007 to conduct a 
detailed analysis of the life cycle inventory of its wood pallet systems. 

The study found that CHEP USA’s system generates much less 
production waste and recycling/disposal waste than the non-pooled 
exchange and one-way systems. The solid waste reduction is the 
equivalent of 2.85 million Chilean Radiata pine trees each year. 

In addition, the study found that CHEP uses at least 30% less energy 
and produces 33% less greenhouse gas emissions than traditional 
exchange and 136% less than whitewood one-way systems.

Whilst this study was conducted in the USA, it is indicative of 
CHEP’s pooled pallet system worldwide. A copy of the study 
is available on the Brambles website (www.brambles.com).

Brambles Limited 2008 Annual Report  33

 equivalent emission intensity
COCO22 equivalent emission intensity

Energy intensity
Energy intensity

0.200

0.180

0.160

0.140

0.120

0.100

0.080

0.060

0.040

0.020

0.000

e
u
n
e
v
e
r

l

s
e
a
s

f
o
D
S
U

r
e
p

2
O
C

f
o

g
K

2003

2004

2005

2006

 CHEP

Group

2007
Recall

2008

1.800

1.600

1.400

1.200

1.000

0.800

0.600

0.400

0.200

0.000

e
u
n
e
v
e
r

s
e
l
a
s

f
o
D
S
U

r
e
p

j

s
e
l
u
o
a
g
e
M

2003

2004

2005

2006

 CHEP

Group

2007
Recall

2008

EnErgy UsE and grEEnhoUsE gas (ghg) Emissions 
Like most businesses, Brambles contributes to climate change 
through its transport operations and the consumption of electricity, 
both of which entail burning fossil fuels. 

CasE stUdy
ChEp Usa 
CHEP USA has implemented a number of initiatives to reduce its 
greenhouse gas emissions and minimise its environmental footprint.

However, Brambles has a relatively light environmental footprint. 
For instance, Brambles does not expect its operations to be 
obliged to report under Australia’s new National Greenhouse and 
Energy Reporting System. Nevertheless, both CHEP and Recall 
track their generation of GHG emissions, along with other relevant 
eco-efficiency measures including energy and transport fuel usage.

In 2008, Brambles did not maintain the same level of improvement 
in its GHG emission and energy use intensities as it demonstrated 
over the preceding four years. Brambles notes that, because 
its environmental footprint is so light, even small changes in its 
operational activities can have a relatively large impact on the 
intensity measures.

EnvironmEntal ComplianCE
Except as set out below, the operations of the Group in Australia are 
not subject to any particular and significant environmental regulation 
under a law of the Commonwealth or a State or Territory. The 
operations of the Group in Australia involve the use or development 
of land, the use of transportation equipment and the transport of 
goods. These operations may be subject to State, Territory or Local 
government environmental and town planning regulations, or require 
a licence, consent or approval from Commonwealth, State or Territory 
regulatory bodies.

Brambles’ businesses comply with all relevant environmental 
laws and regulations and none were involved in any adverse 
environmental prosecutions during the year.

For example, CHEP USA is an ENERGY STAR Partner with the US 
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and Department of Energy. 
This partnership involves a commitment by CHEP to track and 
reduce energy use in its buildings and facilities across the USA.

CHEP USA has also joined the SmartWay Transport Partnership, 
a collaboration between the US EPA and the freight industry 
designed to increase energy efficiency while significantly reducing 
greenhouse gas emissions and air pollution. CHEP is contributing to 
the Partnership’s goal to reduce 33 to 66 million tonnes of carbon 
dioxide and up to 200,000 tons of nitrogen oxide per year by 2012 
by improving the environmental performance of all its operations. 
Carbon dioxide is the most common greenhouse gas and nitrogen 
oxide contributes to smog.

CHEP USA also launched a Hybrid Vehicle Incentive Program 
in May 2008. Under the program, staff members are eligible to 
receive US$2,000 if they purchase an environment-friendly vehicle, 
such as a hybrid car or truck. The definition of hybrid is the same 
as that used by the US Department of Energy and the Internal 
Revenue Service.

These initiatives highlight CHEP USA’s commitment to reducing its 
impact on the environment and building a sustainable business.

34  Brambles limited 2008 Annual Report

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Transport fuel intensity
Transport fuel intensity

Greenhouse gas generation by source
Greenhouse gas generation by source

0.030

0.025

0.020

0.015

0.010

0.005

0.000

e
u
n
e
v
e
r

s
e
l
a
s

f
o
D
S
U

r
e
p

s
e
r
t
i
L

2003

2004

2005

2006

 CHEP

Group

2007
Recall

2008

Natural gas 11.93%
Gasoline/petrol 5.20%
Propane 0.04%
LPG 2.23%

Fuel oil/Diesel 17.75%

Heavy fuel oil 0.04%

Electricity 62.81%

soCial pErformanCE 
labour practices 
Brambles employs over 12,000 people in 45 countries. 
Our employment policies commit Brambles to:

 –

providing a safe working environment with an objective of 
achieving Zero Harm through industry best practice in health and 
safety management (see Health and Safety section on page 36);

 –

being an equal opportunities employer, committed to developing 
a diverse workforce where everyone is treated fairly irrespective 
of gender, sexual orientation, age, disability, race, religion;

 –

creating an environment where everyone is encouraged to give 
their best and realise their full potential, by providing learning and 
development opportunities for individuals and groups; and

 –

ensuring employees can discuss any problem connected with 
their work confident that they will receive a fair, impartial and 
confidential review of the issue. 

Brambles respects the individual’s right to freedom of association 
and relates to its people through both collective and individual 
agreements, according to local law, custom and practice.

As mentioned above, the Brambles European Works Council 
meets formally on an annual basis. Its purpose is to bring together 
management and elected workers’ representatives from all the EU 
Member States in which Brambles operates. 

Under the Brambles Speaking Up policy, everyone is encouraged 
to notify the company of any suspicions about actual or planned 
breaches of the law, company policies or the Code of Conduct. 
Details of whom to approach, how to do so and the subsequent 
process are clearly outlined. Brambles will not tolerate the 
victimisation of any employee who speaks up in such circumstances.

We continue to ensure that our employees are informed of significant 
company news and strategic developments. Methods of employee 
communication include announcements and newsletters distributed 
by email, in-house publications, information posted on the intranet 
and face-to-face meetings with senior managers.

As mentioned above, the Brambles Employee Survey gathers 
employees’ perceptions of their workplace and the data is used 
to track progress from previous surveys, measure Brambles against 
internal and external best practice and identify key actions for 
improvement.

Code of Conduct
The Brambles Code of Conduct forms part of each employee’s terms 
and conditions and provides an ethical and legal framework for all 
employees in the conduct of Brambles business. It is available on 
the Brambles website.

The Code is not intended to be all-encompassing. There are areas 
in which we expect our businesses to develop detailed policies 
in accordance with local requirements. The Code provides a set 
of guiding principles that may be supplemented with additional 
local policies.

The Code of Conduct is regularly reviewed and updated. Senior 
management must provide a statement of compliance with the 
relevant areas of the Code of Conduct every six months or identify 
those areas on which they cannot sign off. The sign-offs are audited 
on a sample basis by Brambles Headquarters.

Brambles limited 2008 Annual Report  35

 
 
 
 
 
Until this year, Brambles had successfully achieved four years of over 
20% compound improvement in both lost time injury frequency and 
severity rates. Although in 2007 Brambles got close to world-class 
levels (generally considered to be LTIFR less than 2.0 and LTISR 
less than 15.0), 2008 was disappointing and Brambles has seen 
its performance slip back to 2006 levels. Brambles’ continuing 
operations recorded an LTIFR of 3.1 for 2008.

Brambles lost time injury severity rate
Brambles lost time injury severity rate

s
r
u
o
h

k
r
o
w
n
o

i
l
l
i

m

r
e
p

s
I
T
L

n

i

t
s
o

l

s
y
a
D

600

500

400

300

200

100

0

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

CHEP

Brambles

Recall

This year’s LTISR was 59.1. Overall, although the performance 
in 2008 was disappointing, Brambles is encouraged by the 
75% improvement in LTISR since it started measuring its global 
performance in 2003. However, we remain determined to make 
continual progress towards Zero Harm.

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

10.3

7.3

6.2

3.1

2.0

3.1

236.0

91.3

97.4

55.2

37.3

59.1

LTiFr

LTiSr

 Comparison of Brambles safety measures (such as LTIFR and LTISR) 
with global industry averages is problematic due to varying definitions 
between companies, industries and countries.

However, where a comparison can be made, CHEP’s performance 
appears to be significantly ahead of companies in similar industries. 
For example, in 2006, the last year for which Bureau of Labor 
Statistics was available, CHEP USA’s LTIFR performance of 4.7 
was significantly better than the Wood Pallets and Skids and 
Warehousing and Transportation industries’ performances of 
14.5 and 13.5 respectively.

Similarly, Recall USA’s LTIFR performance of 3.3 compares well 
with the 2006 figures of the Transport and Warehousing industry 
as well as the Warehousing sector’s performance of 13.5. Recall 
USA incurred a fine of $1,125 as a result of inadequate ground 
markings for forklift traffic in a SDS facility by OSHA, the country’s 
occupational health and safety regulatory authority. The shortcoming 
was immediately corrected in consultation with OSHA.

It is with great sadness that we note that in January 2008 Mr Ícaro 
Roldão Chaves de Barros Júnior, an employee of CHEP in Brazil, was 
fatally injured in a road traffic accident when he lost control of his 
vehicle in heavy rain and collided with a truck.

In response, both CHEP and Recall have enhanced their safe driving 
initiatives to improve safe driving and reduce vehicle accidents. 

This year, CHEP Australia inaugurated the CHEP Young Driver 
Program as part of its commitment to the safety of employees and 
their families. CHEP offered to pay 50% of the cost of a one-day 
defensive driving course for employees’ sons and daughters aged 
between 17 and 25. 

Health and Safety
At Brambles, we are committed to achieving Zero Harm. This means 
zero injuries and zero environmental damage.

The Board is responsible for setting health and safety policies. 
The Group Presidents of CHEP and the President and Chief 
Operating Officer of Recall are responsible for policy implementation 
and safety performance, within the monitoring and reporting 
framework governed by the Group Risk Committee. More information 
is provided in the Corporate Governance Report on pages 44 to 53. 

We believe everyone has the right to be safe at work and to return 
home to their family and friends as healthy as when they started 
the day.

Brambles’ Zero Harm Charter, which sets out the vision, values and 
behaviours and commitment required to work safely, is provided to 
all employees and is available on the Brambles website.

Our Zero Harm commitment is based on our belief that all accidents, 
injuries and harm can and should be prevented. To that end, every 
manager is accountable for achieving Zero Harm and required to 
demonstrate leadership in creating a culture which actively promotes 
Zero Harm. Everyone is responsible for committing and contributing 
to Zero Harm.

We think first of Zero Harm, considering health, safety and the 
environment in all decisions concerning the development of projects, 
the selection of commercial partners and suppliers and the launch of 
new products or services. Economic considerations do not overrule 
health and safety or environmental concerns.

We ensure that the occupational health safety and environment 
(OHS&E) management systems and training reflect our Zero Harm 
commitment.

Each business has its own OHS&E management systems, including 
business-specific policies, procedures, risk assessment, monitoring 
and compliance mechanisms. These systems include hazard 
management, incidents, near misses and system failure reporting, 
recording and corrective action procedures. OHS&E management 
systems are designed to ensure that each employee receives the 
appropriate safety training. Safety is the responsibility of each 
individual employee, while accountability for safety is clearly 
integrated into manager and supervisor job descriptions. 

Health and safety performance indicators measure compliance with 
corporate objectives and milestones, allow assessment of progress 
and comparison with industry benchmarks and provide incentive 
for improvement.

Health and Safety Performance
The principal safety performance measures are Lost Time Injury 
Frequency Rate (LTIFR) and Lost Time Injury Severity Rate (LTISR). 
LTIFR measures the number of injuries that result in an employee 
being absent from work for one or more whole shifts per million 
work hours. LTISR measures the number of injury days lost per 
million work hours.

Brambles lost time injury frequency rate
Brambles lost time injury frequency rate

12

10

8

6

4

2

0

s
r
u
o
h

k
r
o
w
n
o

i
l
l
i

m

r
e
p

s
I
T
L

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

CHEP

Brambles

Recall

36  Brambles Limited 2008 Annual Report

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Areas where conflicts might arise include share ownership, direct or 
indirect personal interest in contracts, seeking or accepting gifts or 
entertainment beyond levels considered reasonable, employment 
outside Brambles, or use of confidential information.

Brambles’ Speaking Up policy means any employee who has a 
genuine belief there has been activity that is against the law or 
in breach of our policy on Bribery and Corruption (or any other 
policy) can readily identify who to go to with their concerns and 
how to do so. Every effort will be made to protect the reporting 
employee’s confidence.

Competition
Brambles competes fairly in the markets in which it operates. 
Uncompetitive behaviour is bad for our customers and is 
unacceptable to the community at large. Brambles’ passion 
for success means that we compete effectively and fairly in 
the markets in which we operate. 

Managers are responsible for ensuring that they comply with 
competition laws in their area of operations and that all relevant 
employees receive thorough training in this area. This requires 
managers to identify the areas in which their businesses are most at 
risk from non-compliance and to deal with these in regular training 
sessions. Competition compliance manuals are regularly updated and 
prepared with local legal experts and provided to relevant employees. 
Training programs for employees are developed in conjunction with 
local legal experts, covering relevant areas of competition compliance 
in the particular locations of the businesses. This includes refresher 
training of existing employees and induction training for new recruits.

Political donations and Public Policy
Brambles does not make donations to political parties and will not do 
so without the specific endorsement of shareholders. 

Brambles is a member of the Business Council of Australia (BCA). 
From time to time, the BCA makes representations to government 
representatives and political parties on behalf of its members. 
However, such representations by the BCA may or may not reflect 
Brambles’ position on specific issues.

data Protection and Privacy
Brambles’ Code of Conduct requires employees to keep confidential 
all information gained during the course of their employment. 

Brambles’ policy is to maintain the privacy of information relating 
to its employees and customers. Where there are specific local 
privacy laws, compliance with this policy has regard to these 
legal requirements.

research and development
Brambles carries out research and development activities in 
relation to both its CHEP and Recall businesses. These activities 
comprise continuously testing its pallets and containers to make 
them more durable and safer for use in the supply chain, designing 
and improving pallet and container repair equipment, development 
of radio frequency identification, development of document 
management processes and developing and improving software.

Performance and development
We aim to create an environment where everyone is encouraged to 
give their best and realise their full potential, through the provision 
of learning and development for individuals and groups. The 
Performance and Development Plan introduced in 2005 has been 
extended to all staff and provides the mechanism to identify and 
track development activities for individuals. While systems are not in 
place to measure the exact number of training days per employee, 
the majority of Brambles employees have undertaken job-specific 
or developmental training during the year. 

Brambles is also designing company-wide key performance 
indicators to put in place consistent measures for all our people. 

Human rights 
Brambles endorses the United Nations Universal Declaration of 
Human Rights which contains standards to protect people’s human 
rights against violations by individuals, groups or nations. The 
standards declare that respect for human rights and human dignity 
“is the foundation of freedom, justice and peace in the world”. 

Brambles has incorporated the provisions of the declaration into its 
policies and Code of Conduct. We respect the human rights of our 
employees and other stakeholders. We will not tolerate child labour 
or forced labour in our own operations or those of our suppliers.

Brambles operates in four countries – China, Saudi Arabia, United 
Arab Emirates and Zimbabwe – that FTSE4Good classifies as “of 
concern”. Although these are only small operations, comprising less 
than 0.1% of Brambles’ global sales, employees in these countries, 
like all Brambles employees, have received training in the Brambles 
Code of Conduct.

None of Brambles’ operations are believed to be at risk for incidents 
of child or forced labour.

our PLACE in SoCiETy 
Brambles’ businesses benefit the local community by creating 
employment directly and indirectly, providing high quality support 
services that assist customers to grow their businesses and 
purchasing materials from local and national suppliers.

Brambles primarily operates in commercial and industrial areas. 
This minimises the impact of our operations, since these areas are 
designed for such use.

We conduct business in accordance with the laws and regulations of 
each country in which a Brambles business is located. We compete 
fairly in the markets in which we operate.

In following the Zero Harm commitment (see Health and Safety 
section on page 36), we remain determined to fulfil our obligation 
to ensure that we work without causing harm to ourselves, our 
colleagues or the community.

Bribery and Corruption
Corrupt practices are completely unacceptable to Brambles and 
strictly prohibited. No bribes or similar payments will be made 
to, or accepted from, any party. All commercial transactions must 
be properly and accurately recorded. Sales agents, consultants 
and similar advisers must be appointed in accordance with these 
principles and paid at a rate consistent with their services. Assets 
and confidential information must be fully protected and must not 
be used by employees for personal gain. 

Employees must not engage in activities that involve, or could 
appear to involve, a conflict between their personal interests 
and the interests of Brambles. 

Brambles Limited 2008 Annual Report  37

Brambles is a sponsor of Clean Up the World and, on the third weekend of September, Brambles volunteers join millions of people 
in more than 100 countries to clean up their local parks and other natural areas. In Sydney, Brambles volunteers worked with 
authorities to help clean up a section of the Lane Cove National Park.

Our COmmunities
Our businesses and our people are part of the communities in which 
they operate and Brambles provides financial and other forms of 
support to a broad range of charitable and community organisations 
around the world.

This support is provided in three ways:

 –

donations funded by Brambles Headquarters, primarily through 
the Community Reach program;

 –

contributions made by Brambles’ businesses to a range of local 
and national charities; and

 –

personal contributions made by Brambles employees around 
the world to a range of fundraising events and activities.

The Brambles Community Reach program provided about 
US$600,000 in grants during the year to help our people support 
causes that benefit health, the environment or safety – in order to 
reinforce these key priorities of our business and culture.

Grants were made to employees in the USA, UK, France, Spain, 
South Africa and Australia to support organisations in those 
countries and also in other countries including India and Uganda. 
The grants included donations to purchase clean drums for drinking 
water in South Africa, water purification units for orphanages in India 
and equipment for a rural fire brigade in Australia.

Community Reach also continued to support the Prostate Cancer 
Foundation of Australia, Great Barrier Reef Foundation and Clean Up 
the World (CUW), an organisation that mobilises 35 million people in 
over 100 countries each year “to clean up, fix up and conserve the 
environment”. Further Information about CUW and its activities can 
be found on its website at www.cleanuptheworld.org. 

In addition to Community Reach, Brambles’ businesses and people 
make valuable contributions to a range of organisations. In Europe, 
for example, CHEP’s team of process improvement specialists 
initiated a series of workshops to assist charitable organisations and 
community projects. In Paris, a team worked with Coup de Pouce 
Humanitaire, a charity that undertakes building and aid projects in 
the world’s poorest communities, to plan and execute a humanitarian 
aid mission more efficiently. In Manchester, a team worked with 
Christie’s Hospital, one of the leading cancer treatment centres in 
Europe, to improve the allocation and retrieval of equipment and 
to improve customer service and communication. Both workshops 
were extremely successful.

In France, CHEP has recently formed a partnership with Restaurant 
du Coeur, a leading Non-Government Organisation, to deliver food 
and meals to homeless and needy people. CHEP contributed 400 
pallets for the transport, distribution and display of hundreds of food 
and hot meal packages during their Winter campaign. 

38  Brambles Limited 2008 Annual Report

CHEP USA supports Habitat for Humanity, a charity that helps people in need. This year, CHEP USA volunteers built a home in 
Orlando for a single mother with three daughters, two of whom are disabled. 

Recall Global Headquarters supports Atlanta’s Community Food 
Bank, an organisation that distributes donated food to low income 
families in Georgia. In June 2008, Recall volunteers filled 140 boxes 
of food for the Food Bank. In addition, the team collected 
and transported over 750 kilograms of donated food, the 
equivalent of more than 1,000 meals. Recall Global Headquarters 
also supports UNICEF.

In other parts of the world, Recall supports European charities 
including Red Cross and Children’s Cancer Fund, two Malaysian 
centres for disadvantaged children and St George’s Foundation 
in Australia. 

Brambles is proud of the qualities shown by our people as they 
continue to support their local communities in myriad ways.

In the USA, CHEP donated over US$215,000 during the year to 
organisations including the American Heart Association, America’s 
Second Harvest, Toys for Tots, Rainforest Alliance and Habitat for 
Humanity as part of its CHEP Cares program. 

Habitat for Humanity brings together families in need and volunteers 
of all faiths, in partnership with community resources, to enhance 
lives by building homes, strengthening neighbourhoods and 
improving local communities. CHEP USA volunteers spent about 
1,000 hours building a home in Orlando for a single mother with 
three daughters, two of whom are disabled. The family was living in 
government housing and their new home includes features that will 
make caring for the girls easier. 

In Australia, CHEP received a call from the Queensland State 
Emergency Service (SES) in January 2008 after torrential rain 
caused the Warrego River to flood, threatening a number of 
regional towns. The SES wanted to hire or buy a large number of 
pallets to support specially designed pallet-supported flood barriers. 
CHEP immediately offered to provide the pallets for free, including 
transport. Almost 1,000 pallets were sent to Charleville by road 
train, a journey that took seven hours and involved a police escort. 
Thankfully, the flood waters didn’t reach the feared six metre level. 
Several towns suffered significant damage, however, and the 
Premier of Queensland, Anna Bligh, thanked CHEP for its response 
to the emergency.

Brambles Limited 2008 Annual Report  39

Financial Review

ComPArATivE BuSinESS PErFormAnCE AT ConSTAnT CurrEnCy ExCHAngE rATES

2008 actual 
US$m 

2008 at prior 
year fx rates 
US$m 

2007 actual 
US$m 

% change at 
constant 
currency

Continuing Operations

Sales

CHEP

Recall

Continuing operations

Comparable operating profit  
before costs relating to quality and Walmart

CHEP

Recall

Brambles HQ

Continuing operations

CHEP USA: Quality and innovation costs

CHEP USA: Walmart transition costs1

Comparable operating profit

CHEP

Recall

Brambles HQ

Continuing operations

Reconciliation to statutory profit after tax

Comparable operating profit from continuing operations

Net finance costs

Profit before tax and special items, from continuing operations (PBTA)

Tax expense on PBTA

Profit after tax, before special items, from continuing operations

Special items after tax, from continuing operations

Profit after tax, from continuing operations

Profit after tax, from discontinued operations

Profit for the year

Earnings per share (US cents)

EPS before special items from continuing operations

Basic EPS

6%

7%

6%

9%

(2%)

28%

9%

6%

(2%)

28%

6%

6%

(148%)

(4%)

12%

0%

3,610.3 

748.3 

4,358.6 

3,396.7 

693.0 

4,089.7 

3,218.4 

650.4 

3,868.8 

976.7

128.4 

(26.7)

923.9 

116.1 

(22.3)

1,078.4

1,017.7 

(20.6)

(10.9)

(31.5)

892.4 

116.1 

(22.3)

986.2 

986.2 

(148.8)

837.4 

(252.8)

584.6 

(20.6)

(10.9)

(31.5)

945.2 

128.4 

(26.7)

1,046.9 

1,046.9 

(149.5)

897.4 

(270.9)

626.5 

20.4 

646.9 

1.8 

648.7 

44.5 

46.0 

845.2 

118.5 

(30.9)

932.8 

  –

–

–

845.2 

118.5 

(30.9)

932.8 

932.8 

(59.9)

872.9 

(287.2)

585.7 

(152.0)

433.7

857.6

1,291.3

37.8

83.4

492

BvA (Brambles value Added)2 from continuing operations

516 

1   Operating expenses for 2008 also include transition costs of US$10.9 million within CHEP USA as a result of Walmart’s decision to modify management of pallet flows 

within its network in the USA.

2   Brambles value Added (BvA) represents the value generated by a business over and above the cost of the capital it uses to generate that value. BvA is denominated in 
US dollars using Brambles’ AIFRS results. It is calculated as comparable operating profit (COP) less (average capital invested (ACI), at fixed June 2007 exchange rates, 
multiplied by Brambles’ weighted average pre-tax cost of capital (WACC)).

40  Brambles Limited 2008 Annual Report

ovErviEW
This section reviews the results of the Group’s operations during the 
year by reference to the key financial performance measures outlined 
in the review.

CHEP improved sales by 6% and continues to improve profitability. 
CHEP incurred increased expenditure investing in growth in 2008 
but a continued focus on asset management control helped to 
maintain strong cash flow from operations at US$719.3 million.

Brambles achieved a solid performance in 2008 with 6% sales 
growth. This was driven predominantly by volume growth across all 
regions of CHEP and Recall. Comparable operating profit also grew 
by 6% and included the following significant costs: 

(i) 

the investment in quality and innovation in CHEP USA; 

(ii)  transition costs associated with Walmart’s decision to modify 

management of its pallet flows in CHEP USA; 

(iii)  cost increases in Recall North America; and

(iv)  costs associated with the establishment of the CHEP business 

in India and growth of the CHEP business in China.

Excluding the impact of the investment in quality and innovation 
and the transition costs associated with Walmart in CHEP USA, 
Brambles’ comparable operating profit grew by 9% on the 
previous year.

The comparative 2007 financial statements included both the 
trading results of divested businesses up to the date of divestment 
and the profits and losses on their divestment shown within 
“Discontinued Operations”. 

The Directors have chosen to show separately Special Items on 
the face of the Income Statement (page 86), believing results before 
Special Items to be relevant measures of business performance. 
Included within Special Items are the exceptional profits and losses 
on sales of businesses forming part of the divestment program. 
The definition of Special Items is shown in the Glossary (page 156).

rESuLTS oF ConTinuing oPErATionS
Brambles continues to focus on the use of BvA in 2008. BvA 
continues to form the core component of short term incentive 
arrangements for all senior executives, including Executive Directors.

BvA And rETurn on CAPiTAL invESTEd PErFormAnCE

2008 at 
fixed 
June 07 fx 
US$m

2007 at 
fixed 
June 07 fx 
US$m

2008 
ROCI

2007 
ROCI

269

200

55

524

6

530

263

176

60

499

16

515

30%

25%

31%

28%

13%

25%

31%

25%

33%

28%

13%

25%

(14)

(23)

516

492

24%

25%

CHEP Americas

CHEP EMEA

CHEP Asia-Pacific

CHEP

Recall

Continuing (pre HQ)

Unallocated 
Brambles HQ costs

Total continuing 
operations

Total BvA for Brambles’ continuing operations in 2008 was 
US$516 million, an increase of US$24 million on the previous year 
based on comparable fixed exchange rates. Return on Capital Invested 
(ROCI) fell slightly to 24%, reflecting the second half acquisition of 
LeanLogistics, quality and innovation costs and Walmart transition 
costs in CHEP USA and the investments for future growth, especially 
in CHEP Asia-Pacific.

In CHEP Americas, solid sales growth of 8% enabled comparable 
operating profit to grow by 5% to US$452.8 million despite a 
slowdown in growth in the second half of the financial year due 
mainly to the more challenging economic environment. The result 
includes US$20.6 million of operating expenditure as part of 
the investment in quality improvement and innovation to meet 
the requirements of CHEP’s existing and prospective customers. 
This primarily includes costs associated with repairs to bring the 
pallet specification to the required standard and Plant Quality 
Representatives to ensure that customers’ increased automation 
needs are met. The result also includes US$10.9 million of costs 
associated with Walmart’s decision to modify its management of 
pallet flows in the USA. The cost represents transition costs incurred 
whilst the network is being reconfigured.

CHEP Americas’ operating profit growth before the US$31.5 million 
of costs associated with the aforementioned investment in quality 
and Walmart was 12%. Average Capital Invested increased at a 
faster rate than profit due to the acquisition of LeanLogistics in 
the second half of the year. This led to a small reduction in ROCI 
to 30%. Cash flow from operations in CHEP Americas grew 
from US$324.4 million to US$365.2 million, largely due to the 
increase in profit.

In CHEP EMEA, sales growth was 4% with comparable operating 
profit growing by 9% to US$396.5 million. CHEP Europe achieved 
3% sales growth whilst CHEP MEA achieved a strong 19% sales 
growth. The profit growth reflected excellent cost management and 
would have been higher were it not for the one off US$5.0 million 
net impact of the profit on the sale of the Madrid property and the 
costs from the closure of the Brentwood service centre in the UK, 
both recognised in 2007. ROCI was steady at 25% with increased 
capital expenditure, to support growth, offsetting the impact of the 
profit growth. CHEP EMEA’s cash flow from operations fell from 
US$364.2 million to US$296.1 million mainly due to the increase in 
capital expenditure.

CHEP Asia-Pacific’s sales growth was 5%. Comparable operating 
profit fell by 5% to US$95.9 million due to the increases in operating 
expenditure in CHEP China and CHEP India as the businesses there 
were established. The Australian and New Zealand businesses also 
incurred additional costs in setting up new information systems and 
preparing for the new Woolworths RPC contract. Average Capital 
Invested increased to US$311.2 million due to the investment in new 
pallets in China and pooling equipment to support the Woolworths 
contract which, combined with the fall in comparable operating 
profit, meant that ROCI fell to 31%. Cash flow from operations in 
CHEP Asia-Pacific fell from US$91.8 million to US$58.0 million 
due to the increase in capital expenditure.

Recall maintained a ROCI of 13%. Sales grew by 7% with all 
regions contributing. Comparable operating profit fell by 2% to 
US$128.4 million due to higher costs in North America. All other 
regions achieved profit growth. Recall increased cash flow from 
operations from US$86.4 million to US$127.7 million primarily 
due to improvements in working capital management.

The reduction in costs in Brambles HQ reflected the impact of 
savings in administration costs following Unification.

Brambles Limited 2008 Annual Report  41

 
Financial Review (continued)

SPECiAL iTEmS
Within Special Items there are a number of exceptional items 
reflected in the income statement for the year ended 30 June 2008. 
These are set out in Notes 6 and 12 (pages 102 and 109) to the 
financial statements, and largely reflect costs related to restructuring 
and Unification and adviser costs.

FinAnCE CoSTS 
Net finance costs were US$149.5 million compared to 
US$59.9 million last year. The large increase in finance costs 
reflects the temporary low level of debt during 2007 following the 
receipt of various divestment proceeds, with debt increasing in the 
second half of 2007 to fund the Cash Alternative and on-market 
share buy-backs. Despite higher Australian interest rates in 2008, 
average funding costs were relatively stable assisted by lower 
US short term rates on US dollar bank loans and interest rate 
hedging positions.

During 2008 Brambles continued to increase debt to fund on-market 
share buy-backs. Buy-backs totalled US$392.0 million during the 
year equating to 42.4 million shares at an average price of A$10.07.

Net borrowings at year end were US$2,426.2 million, compared to 
US$1,996.9 million the previous year.

EArningS PEr SHArE
Prior year comparisons for earnings per share are partially distorted 
due to the share buy-backs reducing the number of shares on issue 
throughout the last two years.

For continuing operations, basic earnings per share before special 
items were 44.5 US cents (2007: 37.8 US cents), an increase of 
18% at actual exchange rates. Basic earnings per share after special 
items were 46.0 US cents (2007: 83.4 US cents), the decrease 
being due to the business divestment profits achieved in 2007.

TAxATion 
The tax expense on continuing operations’ profit before tax and 
special items of US$897.4 million was US$270.9 million, an 
effective tax rate of 30.2%. This compares with 32.9% in the 
previous year. The fall in the effective tax rate is principally due to a 
reduction in tax rates in certain overseas jurisdictions, particularly 
Europe, plus recognition of previously unrecognised tax losses. 

The effective tax rate on profit after special items of 26.5% is 
principally due to the reset of Australian assets’ tax cost bases 
following Unification.

CASH FLoW 
Cash flow from operations for the continuing operations was again 
strong at US$810.0 million but a reduction of US$28.3 million 
on the previous year due to the increase in capital expenditure 
to support growth, partially offset by strong working capital 
management.

Similarly, free cash flow was down US$77.6 million to 
US$412.6 million. This was due to the reduction in cash flow 
from operations and the increase in interest paid on the higher 
debt. Dividends of US$444.8 million were paid during the year.

42  Brambles Limited 2008 Annual Report

dividEndS 
The Board has declared a final dividend of 17.5 Australian cents 
per share which will be 10% franked. This is an increase of 
0.5 Australian cents on the 2007 final dividend.

The total dividend has increased by 13% from 30.5 Australian cents 
to 34.5 Australian cents. 

Dividends paid in 2007 included a special dividend of 
34.5 Australian cents paid prior to Unification in October 2006. 
This special dividend included 21.0 Australian cents in recognition 
of the success of the divestment program and 13.5 Australian 
cents in lieu of the 2007 interim dividend that would have normally 
been paid in April 2007.

riSk mAnAgEmEnT 
Brambles is exposed to a variety of market based (refer to Section 7, 
page 51) and financial risks, including exposure to fluctuating interest 
and exchange rates, liquidity risks, changing economic conditions, 
technological and industry based risks, competitive environment, 
counterparty credit risks and regulatory changes which, either 
singularly or collectively, may affect revenue, cost structure or value 
of assets within the business, all of which are difficult to quantify. 

Brambles’ policies with respect to interest and exchange rate risk and 
appropriate hedging instruments are described below and further 
information is contained in Note 30 (page 135) to the Financial 
Statements including a sensitivity analysis (page 137) with respect to 
these financial instruments. Brambles’ centralised treasury function is 
responsible for the management of these risks within Brambles. 

Standard financial derivatives are used by Brambles to manage 
financial exposures in the normal course of business. Dealings 
in financial derivatives are restricted through a set of delegated 
authorities approved by the Board. No derivatives are used for 
speculative purposes. In addition, derivatives are transacted 
predominantly with relationship banks which have a reasonable 
understanding of Brambles’ business operations. Furthermore, 
individual credit limits are assigned to those banks, thereby limiting 
exposure to credit-related losses in the event of non-performance 
by a counterparty.

Funding And LiQuidiTy 
Brambles funds its operations through existing equity, retained 
cash flow and borrowings, and manages its capital structure so 
as to be consistent with a solid investment grade credit. During 
the year, Brambles extended committed credit facilities totalling 
US$310 million until November 2010. In addition, Brambles 
arranged US$300 million in committed bank credit facilities for 
three and five year terms.

Brambles has also US$425 million of US private placement notes 
with maturities ranging from 2011 to 2016 and access to further 
funding through overdrafts, uncommitted and standby lines of credit, 
principally to manage day-to-day liquidity.

A core group of domestic and international banks currently provide 
committed credit facilities totalling US$3.6 billion. These facilities 
are generally structured on a multi-currency revolving basis with 
maturities ranging to August 2012. Borrowings under the facilities are 
floating-rate, unsecured obligations with covenants and undertakings 
typical for these types of arrangements. To minimise foreign 
exchange risks, borrowings are arranged in the currency of the 
relevant operating asset to be funded.

At the end of the financial year, borrowing facilities, inclusive of the 
US private placement, totalled the equivalent of US$4.2 billion. 
Undrawn headroom under the facilities totals US$1.7 billion. 
The weighted average term of the facilities was 2.2 years and 
the maturity profile is shown in Note 24 (page 122) to the 
Financial Statements.

Subsequent to balance sheet date, a new three year €100 million 
(US$158 million) facility was signed and is available for drawing. 
The US$300 million in new committed bank credit facilities 
combined with this additional US$158 million replace approximately 
US$500 million in maturing facilities due in November 2008.

inTErEST rATE riSk 

Brambles’ interest rate risk policy is designed to reduce volatility 
in funding costs through prudent selection of hedging instruments. 
This policy includes maintaining a mix of fixed and floating-rate 
instruments within a target band, over a certain time horizon. 
In some cases, interest rate derivatives are used to achieve this 
result synthetically. The present policy is to require the level of 
fixed-rate debt to be within 40% to 70% of total forecast debt 
arising over a 12 month period, progressively decreasing to 0% 
to 50% for debt maturities extending beyond three years. 

As at 30 June 2008, 48% of Brambles’ total interest-bearing debt 
was at fixed interest rates (45% in 2007). The weighted average 
period was 3.2 years (3.9 years in 2007). The fair value of all 
interest rate swap instruments was US$1.1 million net loss.

ForEign ExCHAngE riSk 
Foreign exchange exposures are managed from a perspective of 
protecting shareholder value. Exposures generally arise in either 
of two forms: 

 –

 transaction exposures affecting the value of transactions translated 
back to the functional currency of the subsidiary; and 

 –

 translation exposures affecting the value of assets and liabilities 
of overseas subsidiaries when translated into US dollars.

Under Brambles’ foreign exchange policy, foreign exchange hedging 
is mainly confined to hedging transaction exposures where they 
exceed a certain threshold, and as soon as a defined exposure 
arises. Within Brambles, exposures may arise with external parties 
or, alternatively, by way of cross-border intercompany transactions. 
Forward foreign exchange contracts are primarily used for these 
purposes. In Brambles’ context, exposures in this regard are not 
significant given the nature of its operations. 

Translation exposures are mitigated by matching the currency of 
debt with that of the asset. Except for a small amount of balance 
sheet hedge borrowing in Euro, Brambles does not hedge currency 
exposures incurred on foreign currency profits and net investment 
balances. 

At the end of the financial year, the fair value of foreign exchange 
instruments was US$1.1 million net gain.

rELATivE STrEngTH oF mAJor CurrEnCiES AgAinST THE uS doLLAr

Australian dollar
0.98

0.91

0.84

0.77

0.70

Euro 
1.60

1.50

1.40

1.30

1.20

Sterling
2.10

2.05

2.00

1.95

1.90

1.85

June
2006

December
2006

June
2007

December
2007

June
2008

June
2006

December
2006

June
2007

December
2007

June
2008

June
2006

December
2006

June
2007

December
2007

June
2008

 Average exchange rate

Brambles Limited 2008 Annual Report  43

 
 
 
 
 
Corporate Governance Report

1. inTroduCTion
Brambles is a global organisation with businesses operating in 
45 countries. This demands that it comply with an extensive range of 
varying legal, regulatory and governance requirements. In particular, 
through its listing on the ASX and secondary listing on the LSE, 
Brambles is committed to observing the requirements applicable 
to publicly listed companies in Australia and the requirements 
applicable to companies with a secondary listing in the UK.

The Board has adopted a governance framework which takes into 
account both Australian regulatory requirements and international 
best practice. Where the standards of best practice for corporate 
governance vary across jurisdictions, as they inevitably do, the 
Board has resolved to adopt those practices it considers to be 
the better of the prevailing standards.

The ASX Corporate Governance Council (ASX Council) issued 
the second edition of the Corporate Governance Principles and 
Recommendations (CGPR) during August 2007. This edition 
applies to Brambles for the financial year beginning 1 July 2008. 
The ASX Council, however, encouraged companies to make an 
early transition to the new principles and Brambles made this 
transition during the year.

This Corporate Governance Report outlines the key components 
of Brambles’ governance framework by reference to the CGPR. 
By 30 June 2008, the Board believes Brambles met or exceeded in 
all material respects the requirements under the CGPR.

The Board is, however, conscious that best practice in the area of 
corporate governance is continuously evolving, and will therefore 
continue to anticipate and respond to further corporate governance 
developments on an ongoing basis. 

2. SHArEHoLdErS
Shareholders play an important role in the governance of Brambles 
by electing the Board, whose task it is to govern on their behalf.

Brambles is committed to the promotion of investor confidence by 
taking steps within its power to ensure that trading in its securities 
occurs in an efficient and informed market. Brambles recognises 
the importance of effective communication as a key part of building 
shareholder value and that, to prosper and achieve growth, it must, 
among other matters, earn the trust of shareholders, employees, 
customers, suppliers and communities, by being open in its 
communications and consistently delivering on its commitments.

The Board has adopted a Continuous Disclosure and 
Communications Policy to reinforce Brambles’ commitment 
to the continuous disclosure obligations imposed by law and to 
describe the processes implemented by it to ensure compliance; 
to outline Brambles’ corporate governance standards and related 
processes and ensure that timely and accurate information 
about Brambles is provided equally to all shareholders and 
market participants; and to outline Brambles’ commitment to 
communicating effectively with shareholders and encouraging 
effective shareholder participation in shareholder meetings. 
A copy of the Continuous Disclosure and Communications Policy 
can be found on the Brambles website at www.brambles.com.

To achieve the above objectives and satisfy regulatory requirements, 
the Board provides information to shareholders and the market in 
several ways:

 –

Significant announcements are released directly to the market via 
the ASX and a UK regulatory information service. Copies of these 
announcements are immediately placed on the Brambles website 
at www.brambles.com.

 –

The Brambles website contains further information about Brambles 
and its activities, including copies of recent interim and annual 
reports and recordings of the most recent presentations to analysts. 
Live webcasts of those presentations are also transmitted via the 
Brambles website.

 –

Shareholders are asked to elect whether they would like to receive 
annual reports in printed form or be sent a notification when each 
annual report is available on the Brambles website. Shareholders 
who do not respond are sent a printed notification of availability 
of the annual report. Brambles believes shareholders benefit from 
electronic communication as they receive information promptly and 
have the convenience and security of electronic delivery. Electronic 
communication is also environmentally friendly and generates 
cost savings.

 –

The Chairman regularly meets major investors to understand 
their issues and concerns and discuss particular matters relating 
to Brambles’ governance and strategy. No new material or 
price sensitive information is provided at such meetings. Other  
Non-executive Directors may attend meetings with major investors 
and will attend them if requested. The Chairman reports to the 
Board on the matters discussed at meetings with major investors, 
and copies of relevant correspondence are included in the Board 
papers. Copies of analysts’ reports are also circulated to the Board.

 –

AGMs provide an opportunity for the Board to communicate with 
investors and encourage their participation, through presentations 
on Brambles’ businesses and current trading. Shareholders are 
encouraged to attend AGMs and to use this opportunity to ask 
questions on any matter.

 –

To make better use of the limited time available, shareholders 
are invited to register questions and issues of concern prior to 
AGMs. This can be done either by completing the relevant form 
accompanying the notices convening the meetings or by emailing 
Brambles at shareholderquestions@brambles.com. Frequently 
asked questions and their answers are posted on the Brambles 
website. Shareholders may, of course, also ask questions at AGMs 
without having registered their questions in this manner.

 –

Shareholders may electronically lodge their proxy votes on items 
of business at AGMs. The 2008 Notice of AGM describes how this 
can be done.

 –

Copies of the speeches delivered and presentations made by the 
Chairman and Chief Executive Officer at AGMs, a summary of the 
proceedings of the meetings and the outcome of voting on the 
items of business, are posted on the Brambles website after the 
meetings.

 –

Live webcasts of the AGMs are also transmitted via the Brambles 
website at www.brambles.com. 

44  Brambles Limited 2008 Annual Report

3. BoArd oF dirECTorS
3.1 role of the Board 
The Board is responsible for overseeing the effective management 
and control of the Group on behalf of Brambles’ shareholders, 
supervising executive management’s conduct of the Group’s affairs 
within a control and authority framework which is designed to 
enable risk to be prudently and effectively assessed and monitored. 
The Board is responsible for setting the Group’s overall strategic 
objectives, facilitating the provision of appropriate financial and 
human resources to meet these objectives, and reviewing executive 
management’s performance. 

The Board has a schedule of matters specifically reserved to it for 
decision, a copy of which can be found on the Brambles website 
at www.brambles.com. This schedule includes, among other 
matters, the establishment of the Group’s overall strategic direction 
and strategic plans for the major business units; the approval of 
budgets, financial objectives and policies, and significant capital 
expenditure; the approval of Brambles’ financial statements and 
published reports; the establishment of Brambles’ systems of 
internal control and risk management; and the appointment of key 
senior executives. The charters of the various Board committees 
also require certain matters to be approved by the Board, including, 
among other matters, the executive remuneration policy and the 
appointment of the external auditors. 

Beyond those matters reserved to the Board, the Board has 
delegated to the Chief Executive Officer and executive management 
responsibility for management of Brambles within the control and 
authority framework set by the Board.

The roles of the Chairman and executive management, led by the 
Chief Executive Officer, are separated and clearly defined:

 –

The Chairman, Don Argus, until his retirement on 6 February 2008 
and thereafter, Graham Kraehe, his successor, is responsible for 
leadership of the Board, setting the Board’s agenda and conducting 
Board meetings, and facilitating effective communication with 
shareholders and the conduct of shareholder meetings.

 –

Executive management, led by the Chief Executive Officer, 
Mike Ihlein, has been delegated responsibility for the management 
of Brambles as outlined above. The levels of authority for 
management are periodically reviewed by the Board and are 
documented. The Chief Executive Officer is assisted by the 
Executive Leadership Team. Further details concerning the 
Executive Leadership Team are outlined in section 5.1.

The Non-executive Directors constructively challenge and assist 
in the development of strategy. They review the performance of 
management in meeting agreed goals and objectives and monitor 
the reporting of performance. They have a prime role in appointing 
and, where necessary, recommending the removal of, Executive 
Directors, and in their succession planning. 

The Board has delegated some of its responsibilities to the Audit, 
Nominations and Remuneration Committees. The Board is also 
supported by the Executive Leadership Team and the Group Risk 
Committee which are management committees. Details of all these 
committees are set out in sections 4 and 5. 

With the assistance of these Board and management committees, 
the Non-executive Directors satisfy themselves as to the integrity of 
financial information, and that financial controls and systems of risk 
management are robust. Through the Remuneration Committee, 
they also determine appropriate levels of remuneration of the 
Executive Directors.

The Chairman is responsible for facilitating the effective contribution 
of Non-executive Directors, who are to receive accurate, timely and 
clear information so that they may effectively discharge their duties 
and responsibilities. The Chairman is also responsible for facilitating 
constructive relations between Executive and Non-executive 
Directors. Where necessary, Directors seek clarification or request 
the provision of further information. 

Directors may take independent professional advice at Brambles’ 
expense in the furtherance of discharging their duties and 
responsibilities. None of the Directors availed themselves of 
this right during the year.

The structure of the Board ensures that no individual or group 
of individuals dominates the Board’s decision-making process. 

Directors are required to complete a declaration of interest form 
prior to their appointment. This form is tabled at the Board meeting 
to consider the appointment of the relevant Director. If their 
circumstances change or they acquire any office, property or interest 
which may conflict with their office as a Director of Brambles or the 
interests of Brambles, Directors are required to disclose its character 
and extent in writing at the next Board meeting. Directors are 
generally not entitled to attend any part of a Board meeting, or to vote 
on any matter, in which they have a material personal interest unless 
the other Directors unanimously decide otherwise. In appropriate 
cases, Directors may be required to absent themselves from a 
meeting of the Board while such a matter is being considered.

The Chairman holds meetings with the Non-executive Directors from 
time to time, without the presence of the Executive Directors or other 
executives. The Non-executive Directors meet without the Chairman 
present at least annually to appraise the Chairman’s performance, 
and on such other occasions as may be considered appropriate.

The Board is assisted by the Company Secretary who, under 
the direction of the Chairman, is responsible for facilitating good 
information flows within the Board and its committees and between 
senior executives and Non-executive Directors, as well as the 
induction of new Directors and the ongoing professional development 
of all Directors. The Company Secretary is responsible for monitoring 
compliance with the Board’s procedures and for advising the Board, 
through the Chairman, on all governance matters. All Directors have 
access to the advice and services of the Company Secretary, whose 
appointment and removal is a matter for the Board. 

The Company Secretary is Robert Gerrard. His qualifications and 
experience are set out on page 78.

Brambles Limited 2008 Annual Report  45

Corporate Governance Report (continued)

Brambles Limited’s constitution provides that a Director who held 
the office of director of both BIL and BIP and was already appointed 
a Director of Brambles Limited at Unification shall, for the purposes 
of determining that Director’s first rotation period, be taken to have 
been appointed a Director of Brambles Limited from the earlier of 
the date that he or she was appointed a director of BIL and the 
date he or she was appointed a director of BIP. In this way, the 
rotation of Directors operates seamlessly and has not been affected 
by Unification.

The names of the Directors in office at the date of this Report, the 
year of their most recent election by shareholders, their status as 
Executive or Non-executive Directors, whether the Board considers 
that they are independent Directors, whether they will retire and 
seek re-election at the 2008 AGM, and when they are next due for  
re-election, are set out in the table on page 47. 

3.4 independence of non-executive directors 
The Board has considered the independence of each of the Directors 
in office as at the date of the Directors’ Report. A summary of the 
conclusions drawn by the Board in relation to each Director is 
set out in the table on page 47. Having regard to its review, the 
Board considers that all Non-executive Directors are independent. 
In reaching this determination, the Board had regard to the 
relationships set out in Box 2.1 of the CGPR and noted that 
one of these relationships exists. Carolyn Kay is a director of the 
Commonwealth Bank of Australia (CBA), which is a substantial 
shareholder of Brambles. The Board noted that the most recent 
substantial shareholder notice issued by CBA provided that the 
relevant interests in CBA’s Brambles Limited shares were held 
either by registered managed investment schemes and decisions 
to buy or sell those shares or exercise voting rights relating to them 
were outsourced to external managers unrelated to the CBA, or 
by investment managers who exercise voting and disposal powers 
relating to those shares subject to client direction. For those reasons, 
the Board does not consider that Carolyn Kay’s relationship with CBA 
gives rise to any actual or perceived loss of independence on her 
part. In considering the matters in Box 2.1, the Board considered 
that a customer was material if it accounted for more than 2% 
of Brambles’ gross revenue and that a supplier was material if 
Brambles accounts for more than 2% of the supplier’s consolidated 
gross revenue.

3.2 Board, committee and director performance review
The Board and its committees carry out both internal and external 
reviews, with the form of review alternating each year. During the 
year, the Board undertook an internal review of its performance as 
a whole and the performance of each of its committees. The reviews 
involved the completion of a questionnaire by each of the Directors 
and, for committee reviews, other persons involved in committee 
functions, on matters relevant to their performance. The reviews 
were subsequently presented to, and reviewed by, the Board and 
each committee respectively. 

The Board will carry out an external review of its performance during 
the 2009 year. This will include an evaluation of the performance of 
individual Directors.

Prior to the Board making any recommendation to shareholders 
with respect to the re-appointment of Directors, the Board 
undertakes a process of reviewing their performance during the 
period in which they were a member of the Board and determines 
whether they should be put forward for re-election. This process 
was followed for the Directors being proposed for re-election at 
the 2008 AGM.

3.3 Composition of the Board 
The Board consists of eight members, with two Executive Directors 
(the Chief Executive Officer and the Chief Financial Officer) and six 
Non-executive Directors. 

The biographies for each of the current Directors, shown on pages 
26 and 27, indicate the breadth of their business, financial and 
international experience. This gives the Directors the range of 
skills, knowledge and experience essential to govern Brambles, 
including an understanding of the health, safety, environmental and 
community related issues which it faces. The Board considers that 
its current composition reflects an appropriate balance of Executive 
and Non-executive Directors.

Letters of appointment, which are contracts for service but not 
contracts of employment, have been put in place with each of 
the Non-executive Directors. A copy of the standard letter of 
appointment used by Brambles can be found on the Brambles 
website at www.brambles.com. These letters confirm that the  
Non-executive Directors have no right to compensation on the 
termination of their appointment for any reason, other than for 
unpaid fees and expenses for the period actually served.

Directors are appointed for an unspecified term, but are subject 
to election by shareholders at the first general meeting after their 
initial appointment by the Board. No Director may serve for more 
than three years without being re-elected by shareholders.  
Re-appointment is not automatic. The Board reviews whether 
retiring Directors should stand for re-election, having regard to 
their performance and the contribution of their individual skills 
and experience to the desired overall composition of the Board. 

46  Brambles Limited 2008 Annual Report

directors in office at the date of this report
For the purposes of this table, the date of last election is the date the relevant Director was last elected to the Boards of Brambles or BIL 
and BIP. The order in which Directors retire by rotation, having regard to Unification, was described in section 3.3.

Name 

G J Kraehe AO 

A G Froggatt 

D P Gosnell 

M F Ihlein 

S P Johns 

S C H Kay 

C L Mayhew 

Last elected 

2006 

2006 

2006 

2006 

2007 

2006 

2007 

Executive or 
Non-executive 

Non-executive 

Non-executive 

Non-executive 

Executive 

Non-executive 

Non-executive 

Non-executive 

Independent 

Retiring in 
2008 

Seeking  
re-election 
in 2008 

Next due for 
re-election

Yes 

Yes 

Yes 

No 

Yes 

Yes 

Yes 

No 

Yes 

Yes 

Yes 

No 

No 

No 

No 

Yes 

Yes 

Yes 

No 

No 

No 

2009

2008

2008

2008

2010

2009

2010

Directors appointed by the Board since the last shareholders meeting, who will be standing for election for the first time at the 2008 AGM

M E Doherty 

– 

Executive 

No 

– 

– 

–

3.5 Board succession planning and renewal
The Board is conscious of the need to ensure that proper processes are in place to deal with succession issues at Board level, and to keep the 
Board evergreen. This will require the Board to assess periodically the skills set necessary to meet Brambles’ demands. 

The Nominations Committee assists the Board in this process, which ordinarily involves the identification of the need for a new appointment 
and suitable candidates, the preparation of a brief including a description of the role and capabilities required, and the engagement of 
independent recruitment organisations. Further information concerning the Nominations Committee is set out in section 4.2. 

Over the last several years, the ongoing process of Board renewal has continued, with the appointment of Stephen Johns during the 2005 
year and the appointment of Luke Mayhew, Carolyn Kay, David Gosnell and Tony Froggatt during the 2006 year. In addition, Graham Kraehe 
rejoined the Board as a Non-executive Director during the 2006 year. During the second half of the 2008 year, the Board, with the assistance 
of the Nominations Committee, conducted a review of its skills set (including its geographic experience) and decided to seek to appoint two 
new Non-executive Directors during the 2009 year. In addition, the Board will continue to seek to appoint new members in future years to 
succeed existing Directors as they retire, ensuring an appropriate balance of skills and experience. 

3.6 induction and ongoing professional development of directors 
Newly appointed Directors receive appropriate induction and training, specifically tailored to their needs. This includes visits to operating sites, 
meetings with major shareholders and presentations on Brambles’ businesses and functions by its business unit leaders and functional heads. 

On an ongoing basis, Directors participate in various seminars and conferences held by industry and professional bodies. In addition, Board 
meetings regularly include sessions on recent developments in governance and corporate matters. 

3.7 Board meetings 
The Board holds scheduled Board meetings at least six times a year to review matters such as Brambles’ financial performance, current 
trading, key business initiatives, and strategy, budget and business plans. The meetings are generally held over two days. The Board meets 
in Sydney and other locations, including operational sites, from time to time. Details of the number of Board and committee meetings held 
during the year, and attendance at those meetings by each of the Directors and committee members, are set out in the Directors’ Report – 
Other Information on page 79. 

Presentations to the Board are frequently made by senior executives.

The Board recognises the importance of independent judgement and constructive debate on all issues under consideration.

3.8 directors’ remuneration 
Details of remuneration, including retirement benefits, paid to the Executive and Non-executive Directors are set out in the Remuneration 
Report on pages 60, 61, 64, 70 and 71.

Brambles Limited 2008 Annual Report  47

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Corporate Governance Report (continued)

4. CommiTTEES oF THE BoArd
The Board has established three standing committees to assist 
in the execution of its responsibilities: the Audit Committee, the 
Nominations Committee and the Remuneration Committee. Other 
committees of the Board are formed from time to time to deal with 
specific matters. 

Each of the Board’s standing committees operates under a charter 
detailing its delegated authority from the Board. The charter of 
each committee can be found on the Brambles website at  
www.brambles.com. 

Regular reports of the committees’ activities are provided to the 
Board and minutes are circulated to all Directors. 

4.1 Audit Committee 
The objective and purpose of the Audit Committee is to assist 
the Board in fulfilling its corporate governance and oversight 
responsibilities by:

 –

monitoring and reviewing:

•	

the integrity of financial statements;

•	

internal financial controls;

•	

the objectivity and effectiveness of the internal auditors; and

•	

the independence, objectivity and effectiveness of the 
external auditors;

 –

making recommendations to the Board in relation to the 
appointment of the external auditors, the approval of their 
remuneration and the terms of their engagement; 

 –

reviewing and monitoring the policy on the engagement of 
the external auditors to supply non-audit services, taking into 
account relevant ethical guidance regarding the provision of  
non-audit services by the external auditors; and 

 –

reporting to the Board, identifying any matters in respect of which 
it considers that action or improvement is needed and making 
recommendations as to the steps to be taken. 

The Audit Committee discharges these responsibilities by meeting 
regularly throughout the year and, among other matters:

 –

reviewing, and challenging where necessary, the actions and 
judgment of management in relation to all regular financial reports 
and any other formal announcements relating to Brambles’ 
financial performance prepared for release to the ASX, regulators 
and the public, including interim and annual financial reports, 
before making appropriate recommendations to the Board; 

 –

reviewing the audit plans of the internal auditors, including the 
scope and materiality level of their audits; monitoring compliance 
with, and the effectiveness of, the audit plans of the internal 
auditors; reviewing reports from the internal auditors on their audit 
findings, management responses and action plans in relation 
to those findings, and reports from the internal auditors on the 
implementation of those action plans; and facilitating an open 
avenue of communication between the internal auditors, the 
external auditors and the Board; 

48  Brambles Limited 2008 Annual Report

 –

reviewing the audit plans of the external auditors, including the 
nature, scope, materiality level and procedures of their audits; 
monitoring compliance with, and the quality and effectiveness 
of, the audit plans of the external auditors; and reviewing 
reports from the external auditors in relation to their major audit 
findings, management responses and action plans in relation 
to those findings, and reports from the external auditors on the 
implementation of those action plans; and 

 –

reviewing and recommending to the Board the fees payable to the 
external auditors, pre-approving the performance by the external 
auditors of any non-audit related work in accordance with the 
Audit Independence Charter, and any proposed fees to be paid to 
the external auditors for that work, and monitoring compliance with 
the Board’s policy on the performance by the external auditors of 
non-audit related work.

The Committee is also responsible for ensuring that Brambles’ policy 
on Speaking Up is communicated properly and complied with 
throughout Brambles, for monitoring that policy, and for ensuring 
that appropriate protection against victimisation and dismissal is 
given to Brambles employees who make certain disclosures in the 
public interest.

A copy of the Audit Committee’s Charter giving full details of its 
duties and responsibilities can be found on the Brambles website 
at www.brambles.com. 

In line with current best practice recommendations, the Audit 
Committee is comprised entirely of Non-executive Directors, 
all of whom the Board considers to be independent.

The members of the Audit Committee, including details of their 
relevant qualifications, are as follows: 

 –

Stephen Johns (Committee Chairman) had a long career as a 
senior executive and director of the Westfield Group, holding a 
number of positions including that of Finance Director from 1985 
until 2002. He holds a Bachelor of Economics degree from the 
University of Sydney and is a Fellow of the Institute of Chartered 
Accountants in Australia. 

 –

David Gosnell is the Managing Director of Global Supply and 
Procurement for Diageo plc. He holds a Bachelor of Science 
degree in Electrical and Electronic Engineering from Middlesex 
University, England.

 –

Carolyn Kay is a director of Commonwealth Bank and the Starlight 
Foundation and an external board member of Allens Arthur 
Robinson. She holds a Bachelor of Law and Arts degree from the 
University of Melbourne and a Graduate Diploma of Management 
from the AGSM. She is a Fellow of the Australian Institute of 
Company Directors. 

Graham Kraehe retired as a member of the Committee on 10 April 
2008 following his appointment as Chairman of Brambles. 

The Board considers that each of the members of the Audit 
Committee has recent and relevant financial experience and an 
understanding of accounting and financial issues relevant to the 
industries in which Brambles operates. 

Details of Audit Committee meetings held during the year, and 
attendance at those meetings, are set out in the Directors’ Report 
on page 79. 

4.2 nominations Committee 
The objective and purpose of the Nominations Committee is to 
support and advise the Board in fulfilling its responsibilities to 
shareholders in ensuring that the Board is comprised of individuals 
who are best able to discharge the responsibilities of Directors.

The Committee discharges these responsibilities by meeting 
regularly throughout the year and, among other matters: 

 –

assessing periodically the skills required to discharge competently 
the Board’s duties, having regard to the strategic direction of the 
Group, and assessing the skills currently represented on the Board 
by the Directors to determine whether those current skills meet the 
required skills identified; 

 –

reviewing the structure, size and composition (including the 
balance of skills, knowledge and experience) of the Board and 
the effectiveness of the Board as a whole, and keeping under 
review the leadership needs of Brambles, both executive and  
non-executive, with a view to ensuring the continued ability of 
Brambles to compete effectively in the marketplace; 

 –

preparing a description of the role and capabilities required for any 
Board appointment; identifying suitable candidates to fill Board 
vacancies as and when they arise and nominating candidates for 
the approval of the Board; 

 –

ensuring that, in determining the process for the identification of 
suitable candidates for appointment:

•	

a search is undertaken by an appropriately qualified independent 
third party acting on a brief prepared by the Committee which 
identifies the skills sought;

•	

the search is international, extending to those countries in which 
candidates with the necessary skills would ordinarily be expected 
to be found; and

•	

candidates are considered from a wide range of backgrounds;

 –

ensuring that, on appointment, Non-executive Directors receive a 
formal letter of appointment, setting out the time commitment and 
responsibility envisaged in the appointment; 

 –

in relation to any re-appointment of a Non-executive Director on 
conclusion of their specified term of office, undertaking a process 
of review of the retiring Non-executive Director’s performance 
during the period in which they have been a member of the Board; 

 –

reviewing annually the time commitment required of Non-executive 
Directors and carrying out performance evaluations to assess 
whether the Non-executive Directors are devoting enough time 
to fulfil their duties; and 

 –

giving full consideration to appropriate succession planning, 
satisfying itself that processes and plans are in place in relation 
to both Board (particularly for the key roles of Chairman and 
Chief Executive Officer) and other senior executive appointments.

A copy of the Nominations Committee’s Charter giving full details of 
its duties and responsibilities can be found on the Brambles website 
at www.brambles.com. 

The Nominations Committee is comprised entirely of Non-executive 
Directors, all of whom the Board considers to be independent. 

The members of the Nominations Committee are Graham Kraehe 
(Committee Chairman), Stephen Johns and Tony Froggatt (appointed 
to the Committee on 10 April 2008). Don Argus and Jac Nasser 
retired as members of the Committee on 6 February 2008 and 
14 January 2008 respectively, when they also retired or resigned 
as Directors.

Details of Nominations Committee meetings held during the year, 
and attendance at those meetings, are set out in the Directors’ 
Report on page 79. 

4.3 remuneration Committee
The objective and purpose of the Committee is to assist the Board 
in establishing remuneration policies and practices which:

 –

enable Brambles to attract and retain executives and Directors 
who will create value for shareholders; 

 –

fairly and responsibly reward executives having regard to the 
performance of Brambles, the performance of the executive and 
the general remuneration environment; and 

 –

comply with the provisions of the ASX Listing Rules and the Act. 

The Committee discharges these responsibilities by meeting regularly 
throughout the year and, among other matters:

 –

determining and agreeing with the Board the broad policy 
for the remuneration of the Chairman of the Board, the Chief 
Executive Officer and other members of the senior executive team, 
and reviewing the ongoing appropriateness and relevance of 
the executive remuneration policy;

 –

determining the remuneration for the Executive Directors and 
the Company Secretary, reviewing the proposed remuneration 
for the senior executive team, ensuring that contractual terms on 
termination, and any payments made, are fair to the individual and 
Brambles, that failure is not rewarded and that the duty to mitigate 
loss is fully recognised, and, in determining such packages and 
arrangements, giving due regard to all relevant regulations and 
associated guidance; 

 –

insofar as they impact on the Executive Directors and the senior 
executive team, approving the design of, and determining targets 
for, all cash-based executive incentive plans, and approving the 
total proposed payments from all such plans; 

 –

keeping all equity based plans under review in the light of 
legislative, regulatory and market developments, determining each 
year whether awards will be made under such plans and whether 
there are exceptional circumstances which allow awards at other 
times, approving total proposed awards under each plan, and 
approving awards to Executive Directors and reviewing awards 
made to the senior executive team; 

 –

annually reviewing and taking account of the remuneration trends 
across Brambles in its main markets; and advising on any major 
changes in employee benefit structures throughout Brambles; 

 –

reviewing the funding and performance of Brambles’ retirement 
plans and reporting to the Board; and 

 –

selecting, appointing and setting the terms of reference for external 
remuneration consultants who advise the Committee in respect of 
the remuneration of the Executive Directors. 

Brambles Limited 2008 Annual Report  49

Corporate Governance Report (continued)

5.2 group risk Committee 
The Group Risk Committee assists the Board in fulfilling its corporate 
governance and oversight responsibilities by establishing, monitoring 
and reviewing internal control and risk management systems to 
safeguard shareholders’ investment and Brambles’ assets, ensuring 
compliance with, reviewing the effectiveness of, and continuously 
monitoring Brambles’ risk management and internal control systems, 
and reporting to the Board on a regular basis. 

Based on its review work, the Committee also prepares and submits 
to the Board a report on the effectiveness of Brambles’ management 
of its material business risks as required by the CGPR. 

The Committee members are Liz Doherty (Chief Financial Officer 
and Committee Chairman), key managers from each business unit 
and senior executives from Brambles’ risk management, legal, 
accounting, secretarial and internal audit functions. 

A copy of the Group Risk Committee’s Charter can be found on 
the Brambles website at www.brambles.com.

6. EvALuATion
Brambles has a well established performance management and 
development planning process, which is used throughout the Group. 
The process spans objective setting consistent with the Company’s 
remuneration policy and targets for cash and equity based incentive 
plans set by the Remuneration Committee, as well as personal 
development planning, half year reviews and full year appraisals. 
These then feed into a performance rating, as well as the assessment 
of annual bonuses. Senior executives (including the Executive 
Leadership Team) all participate in this process, which is overseen 
by the Remuneration Committee.

Performance evaluations for senior executives (including the 
Executive Leadership Team) were carried out during the year 
in accordance with this process.

A copy of the Remuneration Committee’s Charter giving full details of 
its duties and responsibilities can be found on the Brambles website 
at www.brambles.com. 

The Remuneration Committee is comprised entirely of Non-executive 
Directors, all of whom the Board considers to be independent.

The members of the Remuneration Committee are Luke Mayhew 
(Committee Chairman), Graham Kraehe (appointed to the Committee 
on 10 April 2008), and Tony Froggatt. Hans-Olaf Henkel, Jac Nasser 
and Don Argus retired from the Committee on 16 November 2007, 
14 January 2008 and 6 February 2008 respectively, when they 
also retired or resigned as Directors. 

The Committee meets at least three times a year. Details of 
Remuneration Committee meetings held during the year, and 
attendance at those meetings, are set out in the Directors’ Report 
on page 79. Details of Brambles’ remuneration policy can be found 
in the Remuneration Report on pages 55, 56 and 70. 

5. mAnAgEmEnT CommiTTEES
5.1 Executive Leadership Team 
The Brambles Executive Leadership Team assists in developing 
and implementing Brambles’ strategic direction, and ensuring 
its resources are well managed. The Team has a range of 
responsibilities, which include: 

 –

reviewing business and corporate strategies; 

 –

formulating major policies in areas such as succession 
planning and talent management, human and capital resources 
management, information technology, risk management, 
communications, and post-investment project reviews; 

 –

leading initiatives which may from time to time vary but now 
include:

•	

Zero Harm;

•	

diversity; and

•	

quality; and 

 –

leading the implementation of change processes. 

Minutes of meetings of the Team are circulated to the Board. 

The members of the Team are Mike Ihlein (Chief Executive 
Officer and Committee Chairman), Liz Doherty (Chief Financial 
Officer), Tom Gorman (Group President, CHEP Europe, Middle 
East and Africa), Jasper Judd (Senior vice President – Strategic 
Development), Elton Potts (President and Chief Operating Officer, 
Recall), Kevin Shuba (Group President, CHEP Americas), Nick Smith 
(Senior vice President – Human Resources) and Craig van der Laan 
(Group President, CHEP Asia-Pacific and Global Head of Mergers 
and Acquisitions). 

Dave Mezzanotte (Chief Operating Officer, CHEP) was a member of 
the Executive Leadership Team during the year until he left Brambles 
on 4 April 2008.

50  Brambles Limited 2008 Annual Report

7. ACCounTABiLiTy And AudiT
7.1 internal control and risk management 
The Board is responsible for the establishment and review of the 
effectiveness of the Group’s system of internal control and risk 
management. The Board is supported in this role by management, 
and in particular by the Group Risk Committee, the Audit Committee 
and internal audit. 

Management is responsible for the development, implementation 
and management of systems that:

 –

identify, assess and manage risks in an effective and efficient 
manner;

 –

enable decisions to be based on a comprehensive view of the 
reward-to-risk balance;

 –

provide greater certainty of the delivery of objectives; and

 –

satisfy the Group’s corporate governance requirements.

These systems are designed to limit the risk of failure to achieve 
business objectives. It must be recognised, however, that internal 
control and risk management systems can provide only reasonable, 
and not absolute, assurance against the risk of material loss. 

Key elements of Brambles’ internal control systems include: 

 –

a Code of Conduct that sets out an ethical and legal framework 
for all employees in the conduct of Brambles’ business;

 –

financial systems to provide timely, relevant and reliable 
information to management and to the Board; 

 –

appropriate formalised delegations and limits of authority 
consistent with Brambles’ objectives; 

 –

annual management declarations confirming, among other matters, 
the adequacy of internal control procedures, the effectiveness of 
risk management systems and compliance with all regulatory and 
statutory requirements; 

 –

an internal audit function, which carries out risk-based audits 
based on an annual plan approved by the Audit Committee, which 
provides assurance on the robustness of the ongoing internal 
control environment; and 

 –

other sources of independent assurance, such as environmental 
audits, occupational health and safety audits and reports from 
the external auditors. 

During the year, the Board reviewed the effectiveness of the internal 
control and risk management systems and will continue to do so on 
an ongoing basis by: 

 –

considering and approving the budget and forward plan of 
each business;

 –

reviewing detailed monthly reports on business performance 
and trends; 

 –

setting limits on delegated authority; 

 –

receiving regular reports on Brambles’ treasury activities, 
and reviewing treasury guidelines, limits and controls; 

 –

receiving twice yearly written assurances from the Chief Executive 
Officer and Chief Financial Officer under section 295A of the Act 
and Principle 7.3 of the CGPR;

 –

receiving twice yearly reports on the effectiveness of internal 
control and risk management systems, including the report under 
Principle 7.2 of the CGPR from the Group Risk Committee; and 

 –

receiving reports from the Audit Committee, which has 
a responsibility to assist the Board in reviewing internal 
financial controls.

The key elements of Brambles’ business risk management systems 
are set out below: 

risk control – risks to the achievement of business objectives are 
identified through a process of examination between Brambles’ risk 
management team and functional process owners. The identified 
risks are assessed in terms of their underlying causes, business 
consequences, external variables and controllability, current internal 
control effectiveness, likelihood of occurrence and overall risk priority. 
The resulting risk and control profiles are presented to the Board, 
together with a risk improvement program designed to increase the 
effectiveness of controls and manage the overall level of risk. This 
process forms part of the Board’s annual review of the effectiveness 
of the systems of internal control. 

risk monitoring – in addition to regular monitoring by the Group 
Risk Committee, risks and controls are reassessed by management 
on a biannual basis. The outcome of those assessments and details 
of progress in implementing risk improvement programs are reported 
to the vice President Group Risk and Audit. In addition, a report on 
the effectiveness of the management of business risks is provided 
to the Group Risk Committee and the Board. The effectiveness of 
the specific risk controls and risk improvement programs are also 
periodically reviewed by internal audit, and the results reported to 
the Group Risk Committee and the Board. 

Brambles Limited 2008 Annual Report  51

Corporate Governance Report (continued)

 –

Systems and technology – Brambles relies on the continuing 
operation of its information technology and communications 
systems, including those in CHEP’s Global Data Centre. 
Interruption or failure of these systems could impair Brambles’ 
ability to provide its services effectively. This could damage its 
reputation and, in turn, could have an adverse effect on its ability 
to attract and retain customers.

 –

Force majeure – Brambles is subject to the risk of strikes, terrorism, 
war, fire, flood, earthquakes and other acts of God and other acts 
outside its control. In particular, a fire in a Recall DMS facility could 
have a number of potential consequences in terms of employee 
safety, reputation, financial impairment and litigation. Whilst 
Brambles maintains appropriate insurances and fire protection 
controls, some of these force majeure risks may be uninsurable.

 –

Security and contract management – Part of Brambles’ businesses, 
particularly in Recall, is the storage and protection of its customers’ 
information from unauthorised access, use, disclosure, destruction, 
modification or disruption. Any inadequate or undocumented 
customer contracts could give rise to a potential exposure to 
customer disputes and legal liability in the event of a service failure, 
such as loss of customer data. To manage the risk of loss of its 
customers’ information, Brambles maintains appropriate physical 
and information technology security measures. Nevertheless 
it is possible that future claims could exceed the level or scope 
of Brambles’ insurance and that provisions in the Company’s 
accounts for self-insured risks could prove insufficient.

 –

Safety – Brambles is subject to various operational hazards, 
including industrial, road traffic or transportation accidents 
that could potentially result in injury or fatality to employees, 
contractors or the public. Brambles has adopted a Zero Harm 
policy to manage its safety risks, details of which are in the 
Sustainability Report on page 36.

 –

Reputation – Brambles is subject to the risk that negative publicity, 
whether true or not, may change stakeholder perceptions of its 
past actions and future prospects and affect its overall appeal to 
regulators, customers, employees, suppliers and shareholders. 
In turn, this may have an impact on licences to operate, customer 
purchase decisions, employee retention and shareholder value.

7.2 Principal risks
The principal risks and uncertainties facing Brambles are 
described below.

 –

Economic and business conditions – Brambles has operations 
spread across a diverse range of countries and territories. It is 
subject to risks related to global economic and business conditions 
and climate. These may affect, among other things, profitability, 
demand for services, the solvency of counterparties and the ability 
to obtain additional finance.

 –

Equipment control and quality – Brambles is subject to the 
risk that the operating and capital costs of CHEP may fluctuate 
because of the pallet and container pools operated by CHEP. These 
costs are sensitive to the efficiency and effectiveness of the control 
and quality standards employed.

 –

Raw material supply – Brambles relies on the continued supply of 
raw materials essential to its operations. To enhance the continued 
availability of lumber for wooden pallets, CHEP sources its supplies 
from a range of providers in each geographic region. Further, where 
appropriate, CHEP has purchased its own timber plantations.

 –

Strategy and capital allocation – Selection of the optimal corporate 
strategy, business model, financial structure and capital allocations, 
including the pace of expansion into emerging markets, are central 
to the enhancement of the value of shareholders’ investment and 
protection of Brambles’ assets as it seeks to capture the full value 
of the available growth opportunities.

 –

Competition and retention of major customers – Brambles operates 
in a competitive environment. Many of the markets in which it 
operates are served by numerous competitors and are also subject 
to the threat of a new entrant or a new technology, product or 
service offering. This could potentially have an impact on revenue, 
cost base, economies of scale and the value of existing assets. 
Customers and other users of Brambles’ services could also affect 
market structure, market share or profitability.

 –

Fuel costs – Brambles has operations that are directly or indirectly 
exposed to volatility in fuel costs that have the potential to impact 
margins. Brambles has and continues to implement a range of 
initiatives to manage transport costs.

 –

Talent management – Brambles’ ability to meet its business 
objectives is directly related to its ability to create an 
optimal working environment to attract, develop and retain 
high-performing individuals. Loss of talented people could, until 
suitable replacements are found, affect Brambles’ capability to 
execute its growth plans and productively utilise existing resources 
in personnel, facility capacity and infrastructure.

52  Brambles Limited 2008 Annual Report

7.3 External Audit 
PricewaterhouseCoopers has been engaged by the Board to act as 
external auditors to Brambles since the 2002 financial year. Under 
the terms of engagement, the Australian audit engagement partner 
will rotate every five years. 

Any dealings in Brambles Limited securities by a Director or a 
member of the Executive Leadership Team are reported to Brambles 
within two business days of effecting such dealings. The ASX and a 
UK regulatory information service are notified of these transactions 
within applicable time limits. 

The Securities Trading Policy applies to Brambles’ equity based 
awards under the incentive plans described in section 3 of the 
Remuneration Report. The policy prohibits senior managers 
from acquiring financial products or entering into arrangements 
which have the effect of limiting the exposure to the risk of price 
movements of Brambles securities.

9. SuSTAinABiLiTy
Brambles is committed to meeting high standards of compliance 
with respect to its health, safety, environmental and community 
responsibilities, which are essential to the way in which Brambles’ 
businesses operate.

A Sustainability Report addressing these issues can be found 
on pages 28 to 39, and on the Brambles website at 
www.brambles.com.

10. BrAmBLES CodE oF ConduCT
Brambles has a Code of Conduct, which provides an ethical 
and legal framework for all employees in the conduct of 
Brambles’ business. The Code of Conduct defines how Brambles 
relates to its shareholders, employees, customers, suppliers and 
the community. Further details of the content of the Code of 
Conduct are set out in the Sustainability Report. A copy of the 
Code of Conduct can be found on the Brambles website at  
www.brambles.com. 

11. ASx CorPorATE govErnAnCE CounCiL’S  PrinCiPLES 
And rECommEndATionS 
The Board notes that at the beginning of the year, Brambles was in 
compliance with the first edition of the CGPR and, during the year, 
made the transition to the second edition of the CGPR. The Board 
considers that, as at 30 June 2008, Brambles was in compliance in 
all material respects with the second edition of the CGPR.

The Audit Committee is responsible for making recommendations 
on the appointment, evaluation and dismissal of external auditors, 
setting fees and reviewing the independence and objectivity of the 
external auditors.

The Board remains committed to its policy relating to the performance 
of non-audit work by external auditors, so as to safeguard the external 
auditors’ objectivity and independence. This policy is set out in a 
Charter of Audit Independence, a copy of which can be found on 
the Brambles website at www.brambles.com. The policy divides 
non-audit work into three categories: work which must be approved 
by the Chief Financial Officer (if fees will fall below specified limits), 
work which must be approved by the Audit Committee and work 
which is prohibited. Prior consultation with, and approval of the 
Chief Financial Officer or Audit Committee, as prescribed by the 
Charter of Audit Independence, is required whenever management 
recommends that the external auditors undertake non-audit work. 
Internal accounting, valuation services, actuarial services and internal 
audit services must not be performed by the external auditors.

Details of the amounts paid to the external auditors during the year 
for audit and non-audit services are set out in Note 34 on page 147.

8. SHArE oWnErSHiP And dEALing 
Details of Brambles Limited securities held by Directors are set 
out on pages 69 and 72. The Board has put in place policies 
covering dealings in securities by Directors, senior executives and 
individuals located in Brambles’ Headquarters. These are contained 
in a Securities Trading Policy, a copy of which can be found on the 
Brambles website at www.brambles.com. 

The policy is designed to ensure that shareholders, customers 
and the international business community have confidence that 
Brambles’ Directors and senior executives are expected to comply 
with the law and best practice in corporate governance, and 
handle confidential information lawfully and with integrity. 

Under this policy, Directors and relevant employees are required 
to obtain approval before dealing in Brambles Limited’s securities, 
and are prohibited from such dealing at certain times, other than 
in exceptional circumstances, and then only where the relevant 
person declares that he or she does not possess any price sensitive, 
non-public information.

Brambles Limited 2008 Annual Report  53

Directors’ Report – Remuneration Report

dEAr SHArEHoLdEr,

I am pleased to present Brambles’ 2008 Remuneration Report. 

The structure of the current Remuneration Plan was agreed in 2004. Since then Brambles has evolved significantly. As a result of a 
comprehensive review, we are now proposing a number of changes to our short and long term incentive plans. These are aimed at ensuring 
that the executive remuneration policy reflects the changed business structure, supports the “Accelerating Growth” strategy approved by the 
Board and announced by Mike Ihlein, Brambles’ CEO, during August 2007, and continues the focus on the efficient use of capital. We have 
looked to reward long term shareholder value generation in a way that is motivating to a global management team.

Full details of the proposed changes are set out in detail in sections 4.1.1 and 4.2.1 of the 2008 Remuneration Report. In summary, however, 
we are proposing:

 –

relatively minor changes to the annual short term incentives which continue to be based around the delivery of Brambles value Added;

 –

that the Enhanced STI element of the current plan is removed in order to simplify remuneration structures, with a comparable value being 
incorporated into the LTI plan; and

 –

that the LTI plan continues to be in the form of shares which may vest after a three year performance period, but with a vesting scale 
related to two separate performance criteria: a TSR element which applies to half of a LTI Award, with the other half of the award based 
on the delivery of profitable and sustainable global growth, measured by a combination of sales revenue growth targets and BvA hurdles 
(details of the targets and hurdles proposed for 2009 are set out in the 2008 Notice of AGM). 

The Board believes the proposed revisions to the senior executive remuneration policy will help drive strong long term value for shareholders, 
whilst continuing to attract, retain and motivate the best global talent.

On behalf of the Remuneration Committee, thank you for your interest in the Report.

Luke mayhew 
Non-executive Director and Chairman of the Remuneration Committee

54  Brambles Limited 2008 Annual Report

ConTEnTS
1. Background

2. Remuneration Committee

3. Remuneration policy and structure

4.  Performance of Brambles and proposed changes 

to incentive plans

5. Executive Directors and Disclosable Executives

6. Non-executive Directors’ disclosures

7. Appendices

1. BACkground
This Remuneration Report includes information on Brambles’ Executive 
Directors, Non-executive Directors, and other Group executives whose 
details are required to be disclosed (disclosable Executives).

The Disclosable Executives include those persons having authority 
and responsibility for planning, directing and controlling the activities of 
the Group, and who, for some or all of the year ending 30 June 2008 
(year), have been a member of the Executive Leadership Team of 
Brambles (key management Personnel), as well as the five most 
highly paid executives of each of Brambles Limited and the Group 
(other Senior Executives). 

This report includes all disclosures required by the Act, regulations 
made under the Act, and Australian Accounting Standard AASB 124: 
Related Party Disclosures. The disclosures required by Section 300A 
of the Act have been audited. Disclosures required by the Act cover 
both Brambles Limited and the Group. The footnotes in this report 
start on page 75.

2. rEmunErATion CommiTTEE
The Remuneration Committee (Committee) operates under 
delegated authority from the Board. The Committee’s activities are 
governed by its Charter. Its responsibilities include recommending 
overall remuneration policy to the Board, approving the remuneration 
arrangements for both the Executive Directors and the Company 
Secretary and reviewing the remuneration policy and individual 
arrangements for other senior managers. 

Details of the membership of the Committee can be found on 
page 50. The Committee’s Charter, as well as a full list of advisors 
who provided data or consulting services to the Committee during the 
Year can be found on the Brambles website at www.brambles.com 
on the Corporate Governance page.

3. rEmunErATion PoLiCy And STruCTurE
3.1 remuneration policy
The Board has adopted a remuneration policy for the Group which 
is consistent with its business objectives and designed to attract 
and retain high calibre executives, align executive rewards with the 
creation of shareholder value and motivate executives to achieve 
challenging performance levels. 

The Board’s policy is that service contracts for the Group’s senior 
managers should have no fixed terms but should be capable of 
termination on a maximum of 12 months’ notice, with the employing 
company retaining the right to terminate the contract immediately 
by making a payment equal to no more than 12 months’ pay in 
lieu of notice. Some executives (but not the Executive Directors) 
have pre-existing service contracts that contain notice periods 
that exceed 12 months or are based in countries where higher 
severance terms apply.

When setting and reviewing remuneration levels for the Executive 
Directors and other members of the Executive Leadership Team, 
the Committee considers the experience, responsibilities and 
performance of the individual and takes account of market data 
relevant to the individual’s role and location, as well as Brambles’ 
size, geographic spread and complexity. The Group’s remuneration 
policy is to pay at the median level of remuneration for target 
capability and performance and to provide upper quartile rewards 
for outstanding capability and performance. 

3.2 Proposed changes to remuneration policy
During the year, the Committee carried out a review of the 
remuneration policy. The purpose of the review was to ensure 
that Brambles’ policy supported the Group’s business strategy, 
in particular, the Accelerating Growth strategy announced by 
Mike Ihlein, Brambles’ CEO, in August 2007, the new business 
structure announced by Mr Ihlein at that time and the creation of 
shareholder value. As a result, the Committee has recommended 
changes be made to both Brambles’ short and long term incentive 
plans for future years. 

The proposed changes to the short term incentive plans continue 
the focus on strong operational performance during the year. The 
proposed changes to the long term incentive plan are to provide a 
balance between a focus on sustained profitable growth in line with 
the Accelerating Growth strategy and ensuring participants focus on 
the share price performance of Brambles, relative to the ASX100, as 
well as smoothing out the otherwise cyclical volatility of the ASX100. 

Further details of these changes are set out in Sections 4.1.1 and 4.2.1 
of this report. Shareholder approval of the amendments to the rules of 
the long term incentive plan will be sought at the 2008 AGM.

In addition, Brambles will be seeking shareholder approval at the 
AGM to implement a global employee share plan. This is seen 
as a valuable part of Brambles’ employment offering and helpful 
in reinforcing the value of being part of the Group. Brambles also 
believes it is in shareholders’ interests for a larger proportion of 
Brambles’ global employees to share an interest in and returns 
from improved shareholder value.

3.3 Structure of remuneration
Remuneration is divided into those components which are not 
directly linked to target capability and performance (that is, they 
are “Fixed”), and those components which are variable and are 
directly linked to Brambles’ financial performance and personal 
performance objectives (that is, they are “At risk”).

3.3.1 Fixed remuneration
Fixed remuneration generally consists of base salary and benefits. 
However, some Executive Directors and certain other managers 
based in Australia are provided with an annual Total Fixed 
Remuneration (TFr) amount and have flexibility as to the precise 
mixture of cash and benefits they receive within that amount. These 
benefits are provided at cost and are inclusive of any Fringe Benefits 
Tax (FBT) incurred by the relevant employing company. They may 
include motor vehicles, health care, and disability and life insurance. 
Senior managers who are not covered by TFR may receive similar 
benefits in addition to their base salary.

As a global group, Brambles operates an international mobility policy 
which can include the provision of housing, payment of relocation 
costs and other location adjustment expenses where appropriate. 

Brambles Limited 2008 Annual Report  55

Directors’ Report – Remuneration Report (continued)

3.3.2 At risk remuneration
In addition to those elements of remuneration which are Fixed, a significant element of senior managers’ total potential reward is required to 
be At Risk. This means that an individual’s maximum potential remuneration may be achieved only in circumstances where they have met 
challenging objectives, described as Key Performance Indicators (kPis), which contribute to Brambles’ overall profitability and performance 
for the benefit of all shareholders. KPIs comprise both financial and personal objectives, described in more detail in Section 4.1 of this report. 

At Risk remuneration is provided to Brambles’ senior managers through short term incentive (STi) and long term incentive (LTi) arrangements. 
All the incentive plans under which awards to Executive Directors and the Disclosable Executives are still to vest or be exercised are 
summarised in the diagram below or in Sections 7.2 or 7.3.

The structure of Brambles’ current incentive arrangements was approved by BIL and BIP shareholders at their respective 2004 AGMs and 
adopted by the shareholders of Brambles Limited at the 2006 Extraordinary General Meeting. These arrangements received a 98% vote in 
favour at the 2004 meetings and a 99% vote in favour at the 2006 meeting. 

Brambles’ At Risk remuneration includes four different types of award, the key features of which are illustrated in the following diagram. 
(References to “TSr” are references to Total Shareholder Return, which measures the returns that a company has provided for its 
shareholders, reflecting share price movements and reinvestment of dividends over a specified period. References to “Performance Period” 
are to a three year period.) The manner in which the awards operate is summarised below: 

STI Cash Award(1)
Size determined by performance against 
KPIs for financial year just ended.
80% financial KPIs
20% personal KPIs

Equity award date

�

STI Share Award(1)
Size normally derived from 
size of STI Cash Award.

Enhanced STI Share Award
50% of size of STI Share Award.

LTI Award
Size determined as %
of salary/TFR.

Vesting date
(3rd anniversary of equity award date)
�

Awards vest subject to continued 
employment at 3rd anniversary 
of grant.

Awards vest subject to continued 
employment at 3rd anniversary 
of grant, and relative TSR ranking 
of between 37th and 25th out of 
100 over Performance Period.*(2)

Awards vest subject to continued 
employment at 3rd anniversary 
of grant, and relative TSR ranking 
of between 50th and 25th out of 
100 over Performance Period.*(2)

�
Start of financial year 1

�
End of financial year 3

* Performance Period 
Vesting depends upon relative TSR ranking during three months prior to start of this period, 
compared with that during final three months of this period.

The market value at the date of grant of all equity awards made to any person in any financial year should not normally exceed two times their 
TFR or equivalent. The Committee may, however, increase this limit to three times TFR in exceptional circumstances. The STI Share Award, 
Enhanced STI Share Award and LTI Share Award all have a maximum life of six years from grant date.

Brambles’ Securities Trading Policy applies to awards granted under the incentive arrangements described above. That policy prohibits senior 
managers from acquiring financial products or entering into arrangements which have the effect of limiting exposure to the risk of price 
movements of Brambles securities. It is a term of senior executives’ employment contracts that they are required to comply with all Brambles’ 
policies (including the Securities Trading Policy). Management declarations are obtained twice yearly and include a statement that all policies 
have been complied with.

More detailed information on Brambles’ current incentive arrangements is set out in Section 4, and in the option and performance share plan 
rules, which can be found on Brambles’ website at www.brambles.com on the Corporate Governance page.

56  Brambles Limited 2008 Annual Report

3.3.3 Proposed change to At risk remuneration
As a result of the review of Brambles’ remuneration policy, Brambles 
is proposing to remove the Enhanced STI Share Award and instead 
roll a comparable value into the LTI Share Award. This will simplify 
the plan construction. Brambles is also looking to make minor 
changes to the STI incentives and more significant changes to the 
LTI incentives. Details are set out in Sections 4.1.1 and 4.2.1.

4. PErFormAnCE oF BrAmBLES And ProPoSEd 
CHAngES To inCEnTivE PLAnS
Brambles’ remuneration policy is directly linked to its performance, 
both in terms of earnings and the creation of shareholder wealth. 
This link is achieved in the following ways: 

 –

by placing a significant portion of executives’ remuneration At Risk;

 –

by selecting appropriate KPIs for annual STI Cash Awards and 
performance conditions for equity awards; and 

 –

by requiring those KPIs or conditions to be met in order for the At 
Risk component of reward to be awarded or to vest.

The relationship between Brambles’ remuneration policy and its 
performance over the Year and the previous four financial years is set 
out in Sections 4.2.2 and 4.2.3. The tables in those sections show the 
level of vesting of awards triggered by performance over those periods.

4.1 STi key Performance indicators
As outlined in Section 3.3.2, senior managers have the opportunity 
to receive an annual STI Cash Award based on performance against 
KPIs. The KPIs chosen for the Year (in addition to an individual’s 
personal and safety objectives) were Brambles value Added (BvA), 
plus (for members of the Executive Leadership Team) Profit After Tax 
(PAT) and Cash Flow From Operations (CFo).

A focus on BvA helps ensure the efficient use of capital within 
Brambles, PAT captures interest and tax charges which are not 
directly incorporated in BvA, and CFO is a key measure of a 
company’s ability to pay dividends and pursue growth opportunities, 
and is used by many analysts as a basis for valuing companies.

The key levels of performance possible against each of the financial 
KPIs relevant to the STI awards for the Year were: Threshold 
(the minimum necessary to qualify for the awards); Target 
(where the performance targets have been met); and maximum 
(where the targets have been exceeded, and the related rewards have 
reached their upper limit). 

The actual levels of performance achieved for the Year against the 
financial KPIs are summarised in the table below.

KPIs 

Level of performance achieved during the Year(3)

Brambles BvA 

Brambles CFO 

Brambles PAT 

CHEP BvA 

Recall BvA 

Between Threshold and Target

Between Threshold and Target

Between Threshold and Target

Between Threshold and Target

Below Threshold

4.1.1 Proposed changes to STi key Performance indicators
As discussed in Section 3.2 above, minor changes to the STI Cash 
Award incentives are being made for the year ending 30 June 2009 
and beyond. The changes relate to the KPIs for those awards. From 
the 2009 year, financial KPIs for the Chief Executive Officer and Chief 
Financial Officer will be BvA and PAT, and the financial KPIs for the 
remainder of the Key Management Personnel will be BvA. Further, 
financial KPIs will form 70% of the STI Cash Award performance 
conditions for the Chief Executive Officer and other members of the 
Executive Leadership Team. The remaining 30% of the STI Cash 
Award performance conditions will be based on personal, strategic 
and safety objectives.

The financial KPIs for the Chief Executive Officer and the Chief 
Financial Officer, which comprise 70% of their STI Cash Award, will 
be made up of two components: Brambles Group BvA (50%) and 
Brambles Group PAT (20%). The financial KPIs for the remaining Key 
Management Personnel will, for Group Presidents, be based half on 
their respective business unit’s BvA and half on Brambles BvA and, 
for the remaining Executive Leadership Team members, be based 
100% on Brambles BvA.

4.2 Equity award vesting conditions
As outlined in Section 3.3.2, senior managers also currently have the 
opportunity to receive equity awards in the form of STI Share Awards, 
Enhanced STI Share Awards and LTI Awards. The vesting of all three 
types of equity award normally only occurs three years from the date 
of award. The vesting of Enhanced STI Share Awards and LTI Awards 
also depends on Brambles’ TSR ranking relative to the ASX100 over 
a Performance Period in accordance with the vesting schedules 
described in Section 7.2. 

A relative TSR performance condition helps ensure that value is only 
delivered to participants if the investment return actually received 
by Brambles’ shareholders is sufficiently high relative to the return 
they could have received by investing in a portfolio of alternative 
stocks over the same period. vesting is also conditional on the Board 
being satisfied that the financial performance of Brambles over the 
Performance Period has been at an acceptable level. Under the 2006 
Share Plan, TSR calculations are normally based on average daily 
closing share prices in the three months immediately preceding the 
start and end of the Performance Period. 

Details of equity awards made to Executive Directors and Disclosable 
Executives which may affect remuneration in this or future reporting 
periods are set out in Section 7.3. The vesting of these awards was 
subject variously to performance conditions based on compound 
annual growth rate (CAgr) in earnings per share (EPS), or relative 
TSR ranking.(4) The 2001 Option Plans were based on TSR 
performance against FTSE 100/S&P/ASX50 and the 2001 Share 
Plans were based on compound EPS growth. The 2004 Share Plans, 
which were approved by shareholders, resulted in a shift to vesting 
based on performance against the ASX100 and the FTSE 350. In 
2006, shareholders approved the 2006 Share Plan, which provides 
for the vesting of share awards based on the TSR ranking of Brambles 
relative to the ASX100 over the Performance Period.

Brambles Limited 2008 Annual Report  57

Directors’ Report – Remuneration Report (continued)

The tables in Sections 4.2.2 and 4.2.3 illustrate the relationship 
between Brambles’ remuneration policy and performance, showing 
the level of vesting of equity awards triggered by performance over 
various periods to 30 June 2007 and to 30 June 2010. In the case 
of awards which have not yet reached their earliest testing date, the 
level of vesting shown is that which would be triggered if the current 
level of performance were maintained until testing.

4.2.1 Proposed changes to LTi Award vesting conditions
As discussed in Section 3.2 above, changes to the LTI arrangements 
have been recommended by the Committee and shareholder 
approval to those changes will be sought at the 2008 AGM.

The first proposed change is to cease to grant Enhanced STI Share 
Awards and instead, roll a comparable value of those Awards into 
the LTI Award. 

The second proposed change is to the performance conditions which 
must be met in order for LTI Awards to vest. Performance conditions 
will be divided into two equal components: 50% of an LTI Award will 
be measured by a relative TSR condition and the other 50% by a 
CAGR sales revenue target and BvA performance condition.

 –

TSR Condition – half of the LTI Award will continue to be 
measured by a relative TSR condition, thereby providing a link 
between executive reward and Brambles’ performance against 
other companies in the ASX100. The manner in which relative 
performance will be measured, however, will change. The Board 
recognises the volatility in the ASX100 index. This is due in part to 
the high number of companies in the Basic Resources and Oil and 
Gas sectors in the ASX100. The performance of these companies 
can be cyclical in nature and is primarily impacted by external 
market factors, such as the market price of commodities. The new 
relative TSR condition is being proposed to smooth out the impact 
of such cyclical volatility.

The new condition would be satisfied if Brambles’ TSR over 
the Performance Period equals the TSR of the median ranked 
company in the ASX100 over this period. Threshold vesting would 
occur for TSR performance equal to that of the median ranked 
ASX100 company. It is proposed that 40% of awards would 
vest at Threshold. While this is higher than the current vesting 

of 30% at Threshold, this continues to be more demanding 
than the current practice for ASX100 companies which have 
TSR performance conditions, where 50% vesting for the 
median TSR performance is normal.

Maximum vesting would occur for outperformance of the median 
ranked company by a predetermined factor, which, for awards 
granted in 2008, will be outperformance of the TSR of the median 
ranked ASX100 company by 25%. This level of performance is 
comparable to “upper quartile” vesting and historical analysis shows 
that this level of performance would have been upper quartile in 
the ASX100 in a significant majority of Performance Periods in the 
last six years. A three month averaging period will continue to be 
applied. If Brambles’ TSR performance is between Threshold and 
Maximum, vesting is on a pro-rata straight line basis.

 –

Sales revenue growth/BvA – the performance condition for 
the other half of the LTI award will be measured against the 
achievement of profitable growth objectives. This is designed to 
directly support the Accelerating Growth strategy, as announced 
by Mike Ihlein in August 2007. The growth element is designed 
to reward both long term sales revenue and BvA growth. vesting 
would be primarily based on achievement of sales revenue with 
three year performance hurdles set on a CAGR basis. 

The sales revenue growth elements would be underpinned by BvA 
hurdles to ensure quality of earnings is maintained at a strong level. 
Both sales revenue growth and BvA will be measured in constant 
currency. The sales revenue growth targets underpinned by BvA 
hurdles are designed to drive profitable business growth and deliver 
increased shareholder value.

Details of these proposals and the performance matrix setting out the 
sales revenue growth targets and BvA hurdles for the LTI Awards to 
be made in the 2009 financial year have been included in the 2008 
Notice of AGM. In future years, Brambles will set out future LTI Sales 
Revenue Growth/BvA matrices retrospectively in its annual report and 
will report on achievement against the performance hurdles in the 
remuneration report for the applicable year.

The diagram below sets out how these proposed changes would fit 
together to provide a revised incentive framework for senior executives.

STI Cash Award
Size determined by performance 
against KPIs for financial year 
just ended.
  70% financial KPIs
  30% personal KPIs

Equity award date

�

STI Share Award
Size normally derived from 
size of STI Cash Award.

LTI Award
Size determined as % 
of salary/TFR.

Vesting date
(3rd anniversary of equity award date)
�

Awards vest subject to continued 
employment at 3rd anniversary of grant.

TSR – Threshold vesting where TSR equals 
median ranked ASX100 company over 
performance period.
Full vesting for outperformance of 25%.

Satisfaction of sales revenue growth with 
BVA performance condition over 
Performance Period.

�
Start of financial year 1

�
End of financial year 3

* Performance Period

50% of vesting depends on a relative TSR ranking during the three months prior to the 
start of this period, compared with that during the final three months of the period. 
Vesting of the remaining 50% is based on sales revenue CAGR and BVA conditions 
over the entire period.

58  Brambles Limited 2008 Annual Report

4.2.2 EPS CAgr performance – awards under 2001 Share Plans
Awards under the 2001 Share Plans are subject to performance hurdles based on CAGR in EPS. The following table details, for awards made 
during the financial year indicated, the performance against the applicable hurdle for the periods indicated. 

Awards made 
during year 

2003(5) 

Performance 
condition 

Start of 
Performance 
Period 

CAGR 
performance  
(p.a.) 

Vesting triggered 
(as % of  
original award)  

CAGR 
performance  
(p.a.) 

Vesting triggered 
(as % of 
original award)

EPS CAGR 

1 Jul 2002 

14.2% 

92.5% 

N/A 

N/A

Period to 30 June 2007 

Period to 30 June 2008

See Section 7.2 for further information on the calculation of EPS for historical awards.

4.2.3 relative TSr performance – awards under 2001 option Plans and 2004 and 2006 Share Plans
Awards under the above Option and Share Plans are subject to performance hurdles based on relative TSR. The following table details, 
for awards made during the financial years indicated, the performance against the applicable hurdle for the periods indicated.

Period to 30 June 2007 

Period to 30 June 2008

Awards made 
during year 

Performance 
condition 

Start of 
Performance 
Period 

Ranking 
performance  
(out of 100) 

Vesting triggered 
(% of  
original award)  

Vesting triggered 
(% of 
original award)

2003(6) 

2005(7)  

Relative TSR(8) 

1 Jul 2002 

Relative TSR(9) 

1 Jul 2004 

60.5(8) 

17.4(9) 

0% 

100% Enhanced STI Awards 
100% LTI Awards 

0%

N/A

2006(7) 

Relative TSR(11) 

1 Jul 2005 

46.6(11) 

N/A 

0% Enhanced STI Awards  
39.52% LTI Awards

The following table provides similar details for awards which have yet to be tested.

Awards made 
during year 

2007(10) 

Performance 
condition 

Start of 
Performance 
Period 

Ranking 
performance  
(out of 100) 

Vesting if current performance is 
maintained until earliest testing date  
(% of original award) 

Period to 30 June 2008

Relative TSR(11) 

21 Feb 2007 

84(11) 

2007(10) 

Relative TSR(11) 

1 Jul 2007 

75(11) 

0% Enhanced STI Awards  
0% LTI Awards

0% Enhanced STI Awards  
0% LTI Awards 

4.3 global Employee Share Plan
Brambles will be seeking shareholder approval at the 2008 AGM to implement a global employee share plan, called the MyShare Plan. 

The objectives in offering the MyShare Plan are to:

 –

increase the proportion of employees who hold shares in Brambles;

 –

assist in the retention of employees; and

 –

leverage the Brambles identity in its business, and align the interests of Brambles’ employees with those of its shareholders.

The proposed plan is an employee contribution and company matching scheme. Brambles believes that this type of plan offers the best opportunity 
for employees to make a personal commitment to contribute, and receive a benefit commensurate with their contribution.

Under the proposed plan, employees will acquire ordinary shares which they must hold for a two year period. If they hold the shares, and remain 
employed at the end of that two year period, Brambles will “match” the number of shares they hold by issuing or transferring to them the same 
number of shares which they held for the qualifying period. The plan would be capped at A$5,000 per annum in contributions to ensure that 
individuals are not overexposed, and that the overall costs of the plan are not excessive.

The terms and conditions of the plan will allow for flexibility in how the matching shares will be satisfied, either through new issue shares or 
existing shares bought on market. Details of the terms and conditions will be included in the 2008 Notice of AGM.

Brambles Limited 2008 Annual Report  59

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Directors’ Report – Remuneration Report (continued)

5. ExECuTivE dirECTorS And diSCLoSABLE ExECuTivES
5.1 Executive directors: appointment and resignation
5.1.1 m E doherty
Liz Doherty was appointed to the Board as an Executive Director 
with effect from 1 December 2007.

The material terms of Liz Doherty’s employment arrangements 
as Chief Financial Officer are outlined below.

With effect from 1 December 2007, Liz Doherty receives an annual 
TFR of A$1,200,000. This is subject to annual review.

Liz Doherty will participate in Brambles’ STI arrangements. In respect 
of each financial year commencing on and from 1 July 2007, she 
will receive an STI Cash Award, the cash opportunity under which 
will be 45% of TFR at target and 67% of TFR at maximum.

Liz Doherty will also participate in Brambles’ LTI arrangements, 
currently provided under the 2006 Share Plan. Liz Doherty will 
receive in respect of each financial year commencing on and from 
1 July 2007:

 –

an STI Award of share rights, the Brambles shares subject to 
which will have a market value, calculated as at the date of grant, 
equal to the STI Cash Award referable to that financial year;

 –

an Enhanced STI Award of share rights, the Brambles shares 
subject to which will have a market value, calculated as at the 
date of grant, equal to 22.5% of TFR, which may be increased 
to 33.5% at maximum. If shareholders approve the changes to 
the 2006 Share Plan referred to in Section 4.2.1, Enhanced STI 
Awards will no longer be granted and a comparable value of those 
awards will be rolled into LTI Awards; and

 –

an LTI Award of share rights, the Brambles shares subject to which 
will have a market value, calculated as at the date of grant, equal 
to 67% of TFR. 

Any short or long term incentive awards made to Liz Doherty with 
respect to the Year will be pro-rated for the actual period of her 
service during the Year. 

Liz Doherty will receive a sign-on cash payment of A$192,900, 50% 
of which was paid on her commencement date and 50% of which is 
payable on the first anniversary of employment.

STI Awards were granted to Liz Doherty in recognition of her 
forfeiting certain share and long term incentives on leaving her former 
employment, and are disclosed in Section 5.6. Approval for this grant 
was obtained at the 2007 AGM.

5.1.2 d A mezzanotte
Dave Mezzanotte resigned as a Director of the Board with effect from 
4 April 2008. 

On 7 August 2007, Dave Mezzanotte entered into an agreement 
which set out his termination arrangements. These are 
outlined below.

Dave Mezzanotte will receive his normal STI Cash Award for the Year 
(pro-rated for his period of service up to 4 April 2008). He has not 
received an STI Share Award, Enhanced STI Award or LTI Award for 
the Year. Dave Mezzanotte will instead be paid an amount in cash 
equal to the face value of the STI Share Award which would have 
been made to him for the Year. Dave Mezzanotte will also receive 
an amount in cash equal to the face value of the STI Share Award 
which would have been made to him in relation to the year ending 
30 June 2007.

Dave Mezzanotte was afforded good leaver(12) treatment in respect 
of his previously granted awards under Brambles’ 2004 and 2006 
Share Plans.

Six months after the termination of his employment Dave Mezzanotte 
will receive a payment equal to US$800,000 in lieu of notice, 
together with an additional retention payment of US$200,000. 
Dave Mezzanotte will also receive standard benefits and payments, 
including cash payments for life insurance and car allowance.

Following cessation of his employment, neither Dave Mezzanotte 
nor any person engaged by him, nor any corporation in which he 
is concerned, will directly or indirectly, anywhere in the world, for 
a period of two years undertake any work or otherwise be engaged 
by or involved in:

(a)  any business in competition with or of a similar nature to CHEP 

and/or Recall; or

(b)  any business, if and to the extent that him doing so would result 
in Brambles breaching non-competition undertakings that it 
has given to purchasers of businesses divested as part of its 
restructuring.

This will not prevent Dave Mezzanotte from holding a relevant 
interest in not more than 1% in aggregate of any class of issued 
shares or securities of any listed corporation or other entity which 
is listed or traded on a stock exchange.

60  Brambles Limited 2008 Annual Report

5.2 Service contracts

Name and role(s)
Executive Directors
M F Ihlein 
Chief Executive 
Officer, Brambles.

Contract type and 
any special terms

Salary/TFR

Other directorships 
and associated fees Termination

Continuing contract. 
On death, estate 
entitled to 1.3 times 
TFR amount.

TFR amount of 
A$2,250,000 as at  
30 June 2008.

–

M E Doherty
Chief Financial 
Officer, Brambles, 
from 1 December 
2007.

Continuing contract. On 
death, estate entitled 
to 1.3 times TFR 
amount. Entitlement to 
sign-on cash payment 
and STI Awards as 
outlined in Section 
5.1.1 and disclosed in 
Sections 5.3 and 5.6 
respectively. 

TFR of A$1,200,000 
from 1 December 
2007 on appointment 
as Chief Financial 
Officer.

Permitted to act 
as a non-executive 
director of  
SABMiller plc 
and to retain the 
fees from that 
appointment, 
being £65,000 
per year.

Salary of US$800,000 
from 1 July 2007 until 
resignation as Chief 
Operating Officer on 
4 April 2008.

TFR amount of 
A$975,000 as at 
30 June 2008.

–

–

Former Executive Director
D A Mezzanotte 
Chief Operating 
Officer, CHEP, 
to 4 April 2008.

Continuing contract 
terminated by reason 
of resignation on 
4 April 2008.

Current Key Management Personnel
C A van der Laan 
Senior vice President 
– Legal and Mergers 
& Acquisitions and 
Company Secretary, 
Brambles, to 
31 January 2008. 
Group President 
CHEP Asia-Pacific 
and Global Head 
of Mergers & 
Acquisitions from 
1 February 2008.

Continuing contract. 
On death, estate 
entitled to 0.5 times 
TFR amount and 
0.5 times average 
annual STI paid to 
him over the three 
previous years. Entitled 
to certain retention 
payments and awards, 
the details of which 
are disclosed in 
Sections 5.3 and 5.6 
respectively.

Pension

TFR amount 
includes 
any pension 
contributions.

TFR amount 
includes 
any pension 
contributions.

Defined contribution 
arrangement, the 
costs of which 
are disclosed in 
Section 5.3.

TFR amount 
includes 
any pension 
contributions.

May be terminated 
without cause, by 
employer giving 
12 months’ notice, 
or by employee giving 
six months’ notice. 
Payments in lieu of notice 
calculated by reference 
to annual TFR.
May be terminated 
without cause, by 
employer giving 
12 months’ notice, or 
by employee giving 
six months’ notice. 
Payments in lieu of notice 
calculated by reference to 
annual TFR.

Termination benefits 
disclosed in Sections 
5.1.2 and 5.3.

May be terminated 
without cause, by 
employer giving 12 
months’ notice, or 
by employee giving 
six months’ notice. 
Payments in lieu of notice 
calculated by reference to 
annual TFR and average 
STI Cash Award payment 
over previous three years.

Brambles Limited 2008 Annual Report  61

Directors’ Report – Remuneration Report (continued)

5.2 Service contracts (continued)
Current Key Management Personnel (continued)

Contract type and 
any special terms
Continuing contract.

Salary/TFR
Salary of US$425,000 
as at 30 June 2008.

Name and role(s)
E E Potts 
President and Chief 
Operating Officer, 
Recall.

Other directorships 
and associated fees Termination
–

Pension
Defined contribution 
arrangement, the 
costs of which 
are disclosed in 
Section 5.3.

15% of base salary, 
the costs of which 
are disclosed in 
Section 5.3.

May be terminated 
without cause by 
employer giving 12 
months’ notice or by 
the employee giving six 
months notice. Payments 
in lieu of notice calculated 
by reference to annual 
base salary and health 
insurance benefits.
May be terminated 
without cause, by 
employer giving 12 
months’ notice, or 
by employee giving 
six months’ notice. 
Payments in lieu of notice 
calculated by reference to 
annual base salary. 

Pension contribution 
arrangement, the 
costs of which 
are disclosed in 
Section 5.3.

15% of base salary, 
the costs of which 
are disclosed in 
Section 5.3.

May be terminated 
without cause, by 
employer giving 12 
months’ notice, or 
by employee giving 
six months’ notice. 
Payments in lieu of notice 
calculated by reference to 
annual base salary and 
health insurance benefits.
May be terminated 
without cause, by 
employer giving 12 
months’ notice, or 
by employee giving 
six months’ notice. 
Payments in lieu of notice 
calculated by reference to 
annual base salary. 

T J Gorman
Group President 
CHEP Europe, 
Middle East and 
Africa (EMEA).

K J Shuba
President CHEP 
USA to 31 January 
2008.  
Group President 
CHEP Americas, 
from 1 February 
2008.

N P Smith
Senior vice 
President – 
Human Resources, 
Brambles, from 
5 November 2007.

Continuing contract. 
Entitlement to sign-
on cash payment 
of US$400,000 of 
which:

i)  60% payable on 
commencement 
date; and

ii)   40% payable on 
first anniversary 
of employment.

Entitlement to STI 
Awards in recognition 
of him forfeiting 
certain equity awards 
on leaving his former 
employment, the details 
of which are disclosed 
in Section 5.6.
Continuing contract.

–

Salary of US$600,000 
from 1 March 2008 
on appointment as 
Group President 
CHEP EMEA.

–

Salary of US$500,000 
from 1 February 2008 
on appointment as 
Group President CHEP 
Americas.

Continuing contract.

–

Salary of A$500,000 
from 5 November 
2007 on appointment 
as Senior vice 
President – Human 
Resources, Brambles. 

62  Brambles Limited 2008 Annual Report

Name and role(s)
J R A Judd
Group Financial 
Controller to 
31 January 2008.  
Senior vice 
President – Strategic 
Development, 
Brambles, from 
1 February 2008.
Other Senior Executives
M D’Cotta Carreras
President CHEP 
Europe.

Contract type and 
any special terms
Continuing contract.
Entitled to transitional 
housing allowance and 
school fee allowance, 
ending 30 June 2010.

Salary/TFR
Salary of A$476,000 
as at 30 June 2008. 

Other directorships 
and associated fees Termination
–

May be terminated 
without cause, by 
employer giving 
12 months’ notice, or 
by employee giving 
six months’ notice. 
Payments in lieu of notice 
calculated by reference to 
annual base salary.

Pension
15% of salary, 
the costs of which 
are disclosed in 
Section 5.3.

Continuing contract.

Salary of €371,000 as 
at 30 June 2008. 

–

M D Lamb
President CHEP 
USA.

Continuing contract. 
Entitled to transitional 
housing allowance 
and school fee 
allowance, ending 
31 January 2011.

Salary of US$440,000 
as at 30 June 2008.

–

Pension contribution 
arrangements, 
the costs of which 
are disclosed in 
Section 5.3.

Defined contribution 
arrangements, the 
costs of which 
are disclosed in 
Section 5.3.

May be terminated by the 
employer without cause 
in accordance with the 
terms and conditions set 
forth by the applicable 
Spanish law in force, or 
by employee giving three 
months’ notice.
May be terminated 
without cause, by 
employer giving 
12 months’ notice, or 
by employee giving six 
months’ notice. Payment 
in lieu of notice calculated 
by reference to annual 
base salary and health 
insurance benefits.

All of the Executive Directors, Key Management Personnel and Other Senior Executives described above have contracts which state that any 
termination payments made to them would be reduced by any value to be received under any new employment.

Brambles Limited 2008 Annual Report  63

Directors’ Report – Remuneration Report (continued)

5.3 Total remuneration and benefits for the year
The following table shows details of the total remuneration and benefits provided to the Executive Directors and the Disclosable Executives 
for the Year, together with prior year comparators. The TFR amounts shown for the Australian-based executives are those to which they were 
entitled for the Year, and which they elected to receive in a combination of one or more of the following elements: cash salary payments; 
pension contributions; and motor vehicle benefits.

US$’000 

Short term employee benefits 

Post 
employment 
benefits 

Other 

Share  
based  

payment

Cash/ 
salary/  
Year   TFR/fees 

Non- 
Cash  monetary 
bonus 

Super- 
benefits  annuation 

 Termination/ 
sign-on 
  payments/  
retirement 
benefits 

669 

1,261(18) 5

228 

N/A 

55(13) 

(13) 

17(13) 

– 

– 

– 

 N/A 

N/A 

Current Key Management Personnel

Name 

Executive Directors

M F Ihlein 

M E Doherty(49) 

2008 

2007 

2008 

2007 

Former Executive Director

D A Mezzanotte(16) 

2008 

Totals 

2007 

2008 

2007 

C A van der Laan 

E E Potts 

T J Gorman(49) 

K J Shuba(49)(61) 

N P Smith(49) 

J R A Judd(49)(61) 

2008 

2007 

2008 

2007 

2008 

2007 

2008 

2007 

2008 

2007 

2008 

2007 

Other Senior Executives

M D’Cotta Carreras(49)  2008 

M D Lamb(49) 

Totals 

2007 

2008 

2007 

2008 

2007 

2,070 

1,406 

693 

N/A 

656 

754 

3,419 

2,160 

938 

646 

447 

389 

323 

N/A 

448 

N/A 

340 

N/A 

257 

551 

1,154 

1,812 

934(46) 

884(18) 

93 

157 

118 

N/A 

177 

N/A 

119 

N/A 

728(58) 

360(48) 

N/A 

N/A 

573 

N/A 

519(58) 

N/A 

4,316 

1,035 

181 

N/A 

122 

N/A 

2,104 

1,041 

5 

2 

77 

7 

4 

4 

159 

13 

3 

N/A 

9 

N/A 

– 

N/A 

29 

N/A 

176 

N/A 

54 

N/A 

434 

17 

74 

105 

74 

105 

– 

– 

43 

33 

48 

N/A 

57 

N/A 

45 

N/A 

64 

N/A 

79 

N/A 

74 

N/A 

410 

33 

2,835 

1,166 

Total 
before 
equity 

2,794 

2,672 

1,112 

N/A 

1,432 

6,741 

4,104 

1,876 

1,534 

755 

603 

892 

N/A 

708 

N/A 

504 

N/A 

1,181 

N/A 

Other 

– 

– 

– 

N/A 

14 

20 

14 

20 

– 

– 

13 

11 

– 

N/A 

17 

N/A 

– 

N/A 

– 

N/A 

Options/ 
awards(15) 

Total

1,255 

1,111 

28 

N/A 

669 

2,449 

1,780 

835 

434 

320 

163 

25 

N/A 

269 

N/A 

N/A  

N/A 

322 

N/A 

385 

N/A 

318 

N/A 

4,049

3,783

1,140

N/A

4,001

2,101

9,190

5,884

2,711

1,968

1,075

766

917

N/A

977

N/A

504

N/A

1,503

N/A

1,394

N/A

1,098

N/A

– 

1,009 

N/A 

11 

N/A 

41 

11 

N/A 

780 

N/A 

7,705 

2,137 

2,474 

10,179

597 

2,734

– 

– 

174(14) 

N/A 

1,829(17) 

– 

2,003 

– 

– 

– 

– 

– 

400(14) 

N/A 

– 

N/A 

– 

N/A 

– 

N/A 

– 

N/A 

– 

N/A 

400 

– 

64  Brambles Limited 2008 Annual Report

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
5.4 Fixed and At risk remuneration for the year
The table below sets out, for both the Executive Directors and the Disclosable Executives, the percentage of their annual remuneration which 
is At Risk (versus Fixed), and the percentage of the value of their remuneration for 2008 that consists of options and share rights.

Fixed(20) 

At Risk(20) 

Share Rights(21)

Executive Directors

M F Ihlein 

M E Doherty(49) 

Former Executive Director

D A Mezzanotte 

2008 

2007 

2008 

2007 

2008 

2007 

Current Key Management Personnel 

C A van der Laan 

E E Potts 

T J Gorman(49) 

K J Shuba(49) 

N P Smith(49) 

J R A Judd(49) 

Other Senior Executives 

M D’Cotta Carreras(49) 

M D Lamb(49) 

2008 

2007 

2008 

2007 

2008 

2007 

2008 

2007 

2008 

2007 

2008 

2007 

2008 

2007 

2008 

2007 

48% 

45% 

59% 

N/A 

66% 

37% 

32% 

45% 

38% 

49% 

53% 

N/A 

50% 

N/A 

69% 

N/A 

59% 

N/A 

50% 

N/A 

53% 

N/A 

52% 

55% 

41% 

N/A 

34% 

63% 

68% 

55% 

62% 

51% 

47% 

N/A 

50% 

N/A 

31% 

N/A 

41% 

N/A 

50% 

N/A 

47% 

N/A 

32%

31%

19%

N/A

0%

43%

44%

28%

43%

28%

25%

N/A

29%

N/A

0%

N/A

21%

N/A

27%

N/A

28%

N/A

Brambles Limited 2008 Annual Report  65

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Directors’ Report – Remuneration Report (continued)

5.5 Bonuses and equity based awards
The table below shows details of equity based awards made to the Executive Directors and the Disclosable Executives during the Year, 
being rights to Brambles shares under the 2006 Share Plan. Awards made on 29 August 2007, have a vesting date of 29 August 2010 
and an expiry date of 30 August 2013.(22) Awards made on 26 February 2008(59) have a vesting date of 1 December 2010 and an expiry 
date of 2 December 2013. Awards made on 19 March 2008(60) have a vesting date of 1 March 2011 and an expiry date of 2 March 2014. 
The estimated maximum and minimum possible total future value of these awards is also detailed.(23)

The table below also shows the STI Cash Award expected to be paid to the Executive Directors and the Disclosable Executives shortly in 
respect of performance during the Year, expressed as a percentage of the amount which would have been paid, had all of their KPIs been 
achieved at Maximum (with the balance being forfeited).

Name 

Type of award 

Number 

Executive Directors

M F Ihlein 

STI Cash Award(28) 

STI Share Award(29) 

N/A 

60,961 

Enhanced STI Share Award(30)  30,481 

LTI Award(31) 

Total 

M E Doherty 

STI Cash Award(28) 

STI Share Award(59)(29) 

Enhanced STI Share Award(30) 

LTI Award(31) 

Total 

Former Executive Director

78,165 

169,607 

N/A 

28,406 

– 

– 

28,406 

Equity based 
awards 
Minimum 
future value 
of awards 
yet to vest 
US$’000(25) 

Maximum 
future value 
of awards 
yet to vest 
US$’000(26) 

Value at 
grant  

US$’000(24) 

Equity based and  
STI Cash Awards

% cash 
paid/equity 

vested(27) 

% cash/ 
equity 
forfeited(27)

N/A 

629 

168 

517 

1,314 

N/A 

253 

– 

– 

253 

N/A 

– 

– 

– 

– 

N/A 

– 

– 

– 

– 

N/A 

629 

168 

517 

1,314 

N/A 

253 

– 

– 

253 

49% 

0% 

0% 

0% 

N/A 

54% 

0% 

– 

– 

N/A 

51%

0%

0%

0%

N/A

46%

0%

–

–

N/A

D A Mezzanotte  STI Cash Award(28) 

N/A 

N/A 

N/A 

N/A 

47% 

53%

STI Share Award(29) 

Enhanced STI Share Award(30) 

LTI Award(31) 

Total 

– 

– 

– 

– 

– 

– 

– 

– 

– 

– 

– 

– 

– 

– 

– 

– 

– 

– 

– 

–

–

–

N/A 

N/A

66  Brambles Limited 2008 Annual Report

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Name 

Type of award 

Number 

Current Key Management Personnel

C A van der Laan  STI Cash Award(28) 

N/A 

STI Share Award(29) 

105,951(19) 

Enhanced STI Share Award(30) 15,476 

LTI Award(31) 

Total 

E E Potts 

STI Cash Award(28) 

STI Share Award(29) 

48,605 

170,032 

N/A 

10,755 

Enhanced STI Share Award(30)  5,378 

LTI Award(31) 

Total 

T J Gorman 

STI Cash Award(28) 

65,983 

82,116 

N/A 

STI Share Award(60)(29) 

36,365 

Enhanced STI Share Award(30) 

LTI Award(31) 

Total 

K J Shuba 

STI Cash Award(28) 

STI Share Award(29) 

– 

– 

36,365 

N/A 

13,674 

Enhanced STI Share Award(30)  6,837 

LTI Award(31) 

Total 

N P Smith 

STI Cash Award(28) 

17,408 

37,919 

N/A 

STI Share Award(29) 

Enhanced STI Share Award(30) 

LTI Award(31) 

Total 

– 

– 

– 

– 

J R A Judd 

STI Cash Award(28) 

STI Share Award(29) 

N/A 

12,509 

Enhanced STI Share Award(30)  6,255 

LTI Award(31) 

Total 

22,436 

41,200 

Equity based 
awards 
Minimum 
future value 
of awards 
yet to vest 
US$’000(25) 

Maximum 
future value 
of awards 
yet to vest 
US$’000(26) 

Equity based and  
STI Cash Awards

% cash 
paid/equity 

vested(27) 

% cash/ 
equity 
forfeited(27)

N/A 

– 

– 

– 

– 

N/A 

– 

– 

– 

– 

N/A 

– 

– 

– 

– 

N/A 

– 

– 

– 

– 

N/A 

– 

– 

– 

– 

N/A 

– 

– 

– 

– 

N/A 

1,092 

85 

322 

1,499 

N/A 

111 

30 

436 

577 

N/A 

297 

– 

– 

297 

N/A 

141 

38 

115 

294 

N/A 

– 

– 

– 

– 

N/A 

129 

34 

148 

311 

66% 

0% 

0% 

0% 

N/A 

28% 

0% 

0% 

0% 

N/A 

65% 

0% 

– 

– 

N/A 

39% 

– 

– 

– 

N/A 

54% 

– 

– 

– 

N/A 

56% 

0% 

0% 

0% 

N/A 

34%

0%

0%

0%

N/A

72%

0%

0%

0%

N/A

35%

0%

–

–

N/A

61%

–

–

–

N/A

46%

–

–

–

N/A

44%

0%

0%

0%

N/A

Value at 
grant  

US$’000(24) 

N/A 

1,092 

85 

322 

1,499 

N/A 

111 

30 

436 

577 

N/A 

297 

– 

– 

297 

N/A 

141 

38 

115 

294 

N/A 

– 

– 

– 

– 

N/A 

129 

34 

148 

311 

Brambles Limited 2008 Annual Report  67

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Directors’ Report – Remuneration Report (continued)

5.5 Bonuses and equity based awards (continued)

Name 

Type of award 

Number 

Other Senior Executives 

M D’Cotta Carreras  STI Cash Award(28) 

STI Share Award(29) 

N/A 

11,967 

Enhanced STI Share Award(30)  5,984 

LTI Award(31) 

Total 

M D Lamb 

STI Cash Award(28) 

STI Share Award(29) 

32,184 

50,135 

N/A 

15,366 

Enhanced STI Share Award(30)  7,683 

LTI Award(31) 

Total 

17,103 

40,152 

Equity based 
awards 
Minimum 
future value 
of awards 
yet to vest 
US$’000(25) 

Maximum 
future value 
of awards 
yet to vest 
US$’000(26) 

Value at 
grant  

US$’000(24) 

Equity based and  
STI Cash Awards

% cash 
paid/equity 

vested(27) 

% cash/ 
equity 
forfeited(27)

N/A 

123 

33 

213 

369 

N/A 

158 

42 

113 

313 

N/A 

– 

– 

– 

– 

N/A 

– 

– 

– 

– 

N/A 

123 

33 

213 

369 

N/A 

158 

42 

113 

313 

44% 

0% 

0% 

0% 

N/A 

37% 

0% 

0% 

0% 

N/A 

56%

0%

0%

0%

N/A

63%

0%

0%

0%

N/A

5.6 Shareholdings and interests in options/share rights
The following table shows details of Brambles shares in which the Executive Directors and Disclosable Executives held relevant interests in 
relation to:

 –

ordinary shares, being issued shares held by them and their related parties;

 –

options, being awards made under the 2001 Option Plans; and 

 –

share rights, being awards made before 30 June 2004 under the 2001 Share Plans, awards made on 24 November 2004 and 
21 October 2005 under the 2004 Share Plans, and awards made on or after 19 January 2007 under the 2006 Share Plan.

Over the five year period commencing from the date they become members of the Executive Leadership Team, those members must,  
as a minimum, achieve and maintain a shareholding equal to 75% of TFR or 100% of base salary before tax.

68  Brambles Limited 2008 Annual Report

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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Brambles Limited 2008 Annual Report  69

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
 
 
  
 
  
 
 
 
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
 
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
 
  
 
 
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
 
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
 
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
 
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
 
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
 
 
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
 
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
 
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
 
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
 
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
 
 
  
 
  
 
 
 
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
 
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
 
  
 
 
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
 
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
 
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
 
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
 
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
 
 
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
 
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
 
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
 
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
 
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Directors’ Report – Remuneration Report (continued)

6. non-ExECuTivE dirECTorS’ diSCLoSurES
6.1 non-executive directors’ remuneration policy
Non-executive Directors’ fees are determined by the Executive 
Directors, with the Non-executive Directors taking no part in the 
discussion or decision relating to their fees. In setting the fees, 
advice is sought from external remuneration consultants on the 
appropriate level of fees, taking into account the responsibilities 
of Directors in dealing with the complexity and global nature of 
Brambles’ affairs and the level of fees paid to non-executive directors 
in comparable companies.

6.2 non-executive directors’ appointment letters
Directors are appointed for an unspecified term but are subject 
to election by shareholders at the first AGM after their initial 
appointment by the Board. Under Brambles Limited’s constitution, 
no member of the Board may serve for more than three years from 
the date of appointment without being re-elected by shareholders. 
Re-appointment is not automatic. The Board will consider the  
re-nomination of retiring Directors, having regard to the contribution 
of their individual skills and experience to the desired overall 
composition of the Board. 

The following table sets out the current annual fees payable to 
each of the Non-executive Directors. These were last reviewed 
in January 2006.

Chairman 

Deputy Chairman(36) 

Other Non-executive Directors 

Annual fees payable  
with effect from 
1 Jan 2007

US$489,000

US$225,000

US$117,000

Fee supplement for Audit Committee Chairman(37) 

US$30,000

Fee supplement for other Committee Chairmen(37) 

US$20,000

The maximum permissible annual fees for Directors of Brambles 
(other than Executive Directors) is currently US$2,300,000. This 
amount includes any remuneration paid to those Directors by 
Brambles or by any of its subsidiaries for their services. 

Letters of appointment for the Non-executive Directors, which are 
contracts for service but not contracts of employment, have been put 
in place. These letters confirm that the Non-executive Directors have 
no right to compensation on the termination of their appointment for 
any reason, other than for unpaid fees and expenses for the period 
actually served.

The Non-executive Directors do not participate in Brambles’ short or 
long term incentive plans, nor do they receive any benefits in kind or, 
except for contributions to personal superannuation or pension funds 
referred to in Section 6.3, retirement benefits.

Details of the year in which the Non-executive Directors are next 
expected to be subject to re-election by shareholders are shown in 
the Corporate Governance Report on page 47.

6.3 non-executive directors’ remuneration for the year
The fees and other benefits provided to Non-executive Directors 
during the Year, and during the prior year are set out in the 
table below.(38)

Any contributions to personal superannuation or pension funds on 
behalf of the Non-executive Directors are deducted from their overall 
fee entitlement.

No compensation or termination or other non-cash benefits were 
provided to the Non-executive Directors for the Year. 

70  Brambles Limited 2008 Annual Report

 
 
 
US$’000

Name
Current Non-executive Directors
A G Froggatt

D P Gosnell

S P Johns

S C H Kay

G J Kraehe AO

C L Mayhew

Former Non-executive Directors
D R Argus AO 
(retired 6 February 2008)
H-O Henkel
(retired 16 November 2007)
J Nasser AO
(resigned 14 January 2008)
D J Turner
(retired 16 November 2007)
Totals

Short term 
employee 
benefits
Directors’  
fees

Post 
employment 
benefits
Super- 
annuation

Other

Total before  
equity

Share-based 
payment
Options/ 
awards(40)

113
125
114
125
137
132
109
119
282
109
134
134

330
477
49
115
71
117
43
N/A
1,382
1,453

5
2
4
2
12
9
10
8
25
8
5
2

8
10
2
2
–
–
4
N/A
75
43

–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–

–
–
–
–
–
–
–
N/A
–
–

118
127
118
127
149
141
119
127
307
117
139
136

338
487
51
117
71
117
47
N/A
1,457
1,496

N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A

N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A

Year

2008
2007
2008
2007
2008
2007
2008
2007
2008
2007
2008
2007

2008
2007
2008
2007
2008
2007
2008
2007
2008
2007

Total

118
127
118
127
149
141
119
127
307
117
139
136

338
487
51
117
71
117
47
N/A
1,457
1,496

Brambles Limited 2008 Annual Report  71

Directors’ Report – Remuneration Report (continued)

6.4 non-executive directors’ shareholdings and interests in options/share rights
Non-executive Directors are expected to hold shares in Brambles equal to their annual fees after tax within three years of their appointment.

The following table contains details of Brambles Limited shares in which the Non-executive Directors held relevant interests, being issued 
shares held by them and their related parties. The Non-executive Directors do not participate in Brambles’ equity based incentive schemes.

Ordinary Shares  

Current Non-executive Directors

A G Froggatt(41) 

D P Gosnell(52) 

S P Johns(53) 

S C H Kay(54) 

G J Kraehe AO(42) 

C L Mayhew(55) 

Former Non-executive Directors 

D R Argus AO(51) 

H-O Henkel 

J Nasser AO 

D J Turner(34) 

Balance at the  
start of the Year 

Changes during 
the Year 

Balance at the 
 end of the Year

14,890 

14,450 

47,500 

10,400 

31,561 

16,500 

161,129 

50,000 

100,000 

372,016 

– 

– 

– 

– 

10,000 

– 

– 

– 

– 

– 

14,890

14,450

47,500

10,400

41,561

16,500

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

noTE:
David Turner’s interests in options/share rights were disclosed in the 2007 Annual Report, the number of which remained unchanged at 
his retirement. However, prior to David Turner’s retirement on 16 November 2007, 540,740 options and 987,151 performance share rights 
vested and on retirement 2,220,270 options and 1,363,017 performance shares were vested and exercisable.

72  Brambles Limited 2008 Annual Report

 
 
 
7. APPEndiCES
7.1 Basis of valuation of equity based awards
Unless otherwise specified, the fair value of the options and share rights included in the tables in this report, has been estimated using a 
pricing model independently developed by Ernst & Young Transaction Advisory Services Limited on behalf of Brambles.

The following assumptions have been used in the valuation of awards made during the Year.

Date of grant 

29 August 2007 

26 February 2008 

19 March 2008 

Volatility 

Risk free interest rate 

Dividend yield

22% 

N/A 

N/A 

6.11% 

6.77% 

5.94% 

2.20%

3.00%

3.20%

7.2 Summary of 2001, 2004 and 2006 Plans
The table below contains details of the 2001 Share Plans, the 2001 Option Plans, and the 2004 and 2006 Share Plans under which the 
Executive Directors and the Disclosable Executives have unvested and/or unexercised awards which could affect remuneration in this or 
future reporting periods:

Plan
2001 Option Plans

Nature of 
Vesting conditions
Award
Share Rights % of salary/TFR Time and relative 

Size of Award

TSR hurdle 
(between 50th 
and 25th out 
of 100).

2001 Share Plans

Share Rights % of salary/TFR Time and EPS 

CAGR hurdle 
(between 7% and 
15% p.a.).

Share Rights % of salary/TFR Time and relative 

2004 & 2006 Share 
Plans (LTI)

2004 & 2006 Share 
Plans (STI)

Share Rights Up to 100% of 
size of STI Cash 
Award(1)

2004 & 2006 Share 
Plans (Enhanced STI)

Share Rights Up to 50% of 

size of STI Share 
Award

Performance/ 
vesting period
Three years, with 
retests after four 
and five years.

Life of Award
Maximum 
of six years.

Three years, with 
retests after four 
and five years.

Maximum 
of six years.

Three years.

Maximum 
of six years.

Three years.

Three years.

Maximum 
of six years.

Maximum 
of six years.

Vesting schedule
38% vesting if 
TSR is ranked 
50th out of 100 
companies. 100% 
vesting if ranked 
25th or better.
25% vesting if EPS 
CAGR is 7% p.a. 
100% vesting 
if EPS CAGR is 
15% p.a.
30% vesting if 
TSR is ranked 
50th out of 100 
companies. 100% 
vesting if 25th or 
better.
100% vesting 
based on 
continuous 
employment.
4% vesting if TSR 
is ranked 37th out 
of 100 companies. 
100% vesting if 
25th or better.

TSR hurdle 
(between 50th 
and 25th out 
of 100).

Time only.

Time and relative 
TSR hurdle 
(between 37th 
and 25th out 
of 100).

The 2004 Share Plans operate in the same way as the 2006 Share Plan described in Section 4.2 although, under the 2004 Share Plans, 
relative TSR performance is measured relative to the S&P/ASX50 and the FTSE 100.(8)

Brambles Limited 2008 Annual Report  73

Directors’ Report – Remuneration Report (continued)

7.3 options and share rights 
The terms and conditions of each grant of options and share rights affecting remuneration in this or future reporting periods are outlined in the 
table below. Options granted under the plans carry no dividends or voting rights(43):

Plans under which 
awards made
2001 Option Plan 1)   5 September 2002(6)

Grant date

Expiry date
5 September 2008

A$7.08/£2.33

Exercise price(44)

Value at grant(44)(45) Status/vesting date

A$1.99/
A$2.12/£0.59

A$1.29/
A$1.36/£0.44
A$1.17/£0.44

A$9.17/£3.08

A$6.85/£2.19

A$4.16/£1.50

A$4.67/£1.85

A$6.11/A$6.41

A$3.30/A$3.46

A$6.11/A$6.41

A$4.00/A$4.19

A$7.52/A$7.71
A$3.58/A$3.67
A$4.19/A$4.30
A$12.60
A$5.72
A$6.97
A$12.64
A$6.75
A$8.11
A$9.39
A$8.84
A$8.01

All awards made to 
current employees lapsed 
as at 1 July 2007.
100% exercisable from 
10 September 2006.
100% exercisable from 
4 March 2007.
40.9% exercisable 
from 23 August 2006. 
Remainder lapsed.
70.9% exercisable from 
23 August 2006.
100% exercisable from 
10 September 2006.
100% exercisable from 
4 March 2007.
100% exercisable from 
9 September 2007.
100% exercisable from 
9 September 2007.
100% exercisable from 
9 September 2007.
100% exercisable from 
9 September 2007.
22 October 2008.
22 October 2008.
22 October 2008.
30 August 2009.
30 August 2009.
30 August 2009.
29 August 2010.
29 August 2010.
29 August 2010.
1 December 2010.
1 March 2011.
28 April 2011.

2)   10 September 2003(6)

10 September 2009(22) A$4.75/£1.72

3)   4 March 2004(6)

4 March 2010

A$5.31/£2.11

2001 Share Plans 4)   2 April 2002(5)

2 April 2008

5)   5 September 2002(5)

5 September 2008(22)

6)   10 September 2003(5)

10 September 2009(22)

7)   4 March 2004(5)

4 March 2010(22)

2004 Share Plans 8)  24 November 2004(29)(47) 9 September 2010(22)

9)  24 November 2004(30)(47) 9 September 2010(22)

10) 24 November 2004(4)(47) 9 September 2010(22)

11) 24 November 2004(31)(47) 9 September 2010(22)

12) 21 October 2005(29)
13) 21 October 2005(30)
14) 21 October 2005(31)

22 October 2011(22)
22 October 2011(22)
22 October 2011(22)
31 August 2012(22)
31 August 2012(22)
31 August 2012(22)
30 August 2013(22)
30 August 2013(22)
30 August 2013(22)

2006 Share Plans 15) 19 January 2007(29)(57)
16) 19 January 2007(30)(57)
17) 19 January 2007(31)(57)
18) 29 August 2007(29)
19) 29 August 2007(30)
20) 29 August 2007(31)
21) 26 February 2008(29)(59) 2 December 2013(59)
22) 19 March 2008(29)(60)
23) 28 April 2008(29)

2 March 2014(22)
29 April 2014

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–

74  Brambles Limited 2008 Annual Report

7.4 Footnotes to report
1.  Under the Committee’s current policy, the value of an STI Share 
Award for Executive Leadership Team members for a full normal 
year is up to 100% of the value of their respective STI Cash 
Award, and 67% for other executives.

10. These performance share rights were granted under the 

2006 Share Plan. Rights under this Plan vest on the third 
anniversary of their grant date, subject to meeting a relative 
TSR performance condition. If the performance condition is 
not met, the rights lapse.

2.  vesting between the 63rd and 75th percentile occurs at 8% 
for each additional 1% for Enhanced STI Awards and straight 
line vesting occurs between the 50th and 75th percentile for 
LTI Awards. 

3.  Financial targets set for the forthcoming financial year under 

Brambles’ incentive plans will not constitute profit forecasts and 
the Board is conscious that their publication may therefore be 
misleading. Accordingly Brambles does not publish in advance 
the forthcoming year’s STI financial targets for incentive purposes. 
Brambles BvA performance for the Year is, however, set out 
on page 41.

4.  Transitional STI Awards were granted under the 2004 Plans, 
which vest on the third anniversary of their date of grant, 
subject to continuing employment and meeting a ROCI 
performance condition.

5.  These performance share rights were granted under the 2001 
Share Plans. Rights under these Plans vested, where relevant, 
on the third anniversary of their grant date, subject to meeting 
an EPS performance condition. Where not met, the performance 
condition was re-assessed on the fourth or fifth anniversary of 
the grant date. 

6.  These options or performance share rights (as the case may 

be) were granted under the 2001 Option Plans, or the 2004 or 
2006 Share Plans respectively. Options and performance share 
rights under these Plans vest on the third anniversary of their 
grant date, subject to meeting a TSR performance condition. 
If not met, the performance condition may be re-assessed 
on the fourth or fifth anniversary of the grant date.

7.  These performance share rights were granted under the 

2004 Share Plans. Rights under these Plans vest on the third 
anniversary of their grant date, subject to meeting a relative TSR 
performance condition. If the performance condition is not met, 
the awards lapse.

8.  The average of the ranking of BIL (or from the date of Unification, 
the primary listing of Brambles) against the S&P/ASX50; and the 
ranking of BIP (or from the date of Unification, the secondary 
listing of Brambles) against the FTSE 100.

9.  The average of the ranking of BIL (or from the date of Unification, 
the primary listing of Brambles) against the ASX100; and the 
ranking of BIP (or from the date of Unification, the secondary 
listing of Brambles) against the FTSE 350.

11. The ranking of the primary listing of Brambles against the  

ASX100.

12. A good leaver is a participant in the relevant plan who leaves 
employment of the Group because of, among other reasons, 
death, illness, injury, disability, redundancy or retirement 
(the fact of retirement being determined in the Board’s 
absolute discretion).

13. The number for Mike Ihlein includes airfare entitlements 

and non-monetary benefits in relation to car parking costs. 
The number for Liz Doherty includes tax advice and relocation 
costs. Non-monetary benefits are not included in the percentage 
of remuneration which is shown as “Fixed” in the table in 
Section 5.4. 

14. The number for Liz Doherty represents a sign-on cash 

payment, as noted in Sections 5.1.1 and 5.2. The number 
for Tom Gorman represents a sign-on cash payment, as 
noted in Section 5.2. 

15. As part of Brambles’ transition to AIFRS, only awards made 
on or after 7 November 2002 have been included in the 
calculation of equity based remuneration.

16. Dave Mezzanotte became an Executive Director in 

January 2007. His 2007 remuneration in this section includes 
the prior six months where he was an Executive Leadership 
Team member before becoming an Executive Director.

17.  The termination benefits of Dave Mezzanotte include share 
based payments of US$536,472 and US$257,276, based 
on the aggregate face value of the shares subject to the award 
which would otherwise have been made to him in August 2007 
and August 2008 respectively, pursuant to his STI Share Award 
for the years.

18. Includes special bonus on account of contribution to the 

Unification.

19. Includes retention STI Share Award of 75,000 shares.

20. These percentages assume an on-target performance for the 
purposes of STI Cash Awards (see Section 3.3.2); and reflect 
the total value of equity awards actually made during the Year 
valued as at the date of grant using the methodology set out in 
Section 7.1.

Brambles Limited 2008 Annual Report  75

Directors’ Report – Remuneration Report (continued)

7.4 Footnotes to report (continued)
21. This percentage is based on the split between the “Total before 
equity” figures shown in the table on page 64, and the total 
value of equity awards actually made during the Year valued as 
at the date of grant using the methodology set out in Section 7.1.

22. Awards granted to Elton Potts, Tom Gorman, Kevin Shuba and 

Michael Lamb expire three years earlier than the date shown, 
or immediately after vesting, if earlier.

23. Sections 4.2.2 and 4.2.3 contain details of those awards 

which vested after 30 June 2006 or 2007 based on Brambles’ 
performance to those dates. No options are vested and 
unexercisable at the end of the year.

24. The total value of the relevant equity award(s) valued as at the 
date of grant using the methodology set out in Section 7.1.

25. Assumes performance and/or service conditions not met.

26. The total value of the relevant equity award valued as at the 
reporting date using the methodology set out in Section 7.1.

35. Of those awards detailed in Section 7.3; plan numbers 8, 9, 
11–20 are applicable to Mike Ihlein, and exercises occurred 
from plan numbers 8, 9, 11; plan number 21 is applicable to 
Liz Doherty; plan numbers 1, 5, 8–17 are applicable to Dave 
Mezzanotte and exercises occurred from plan numbers 5, 8–15; 
plan numbers 1, 5, 8, 9, 11–20 are applicable to Craig van der 
Laan and exercises occurred from plan numbers 5, 8, 9 and 11; 
plan numbers 1, 4, 5, 8–20 are applicable to Elton Potts and 
exercises occurred from plan numbers 5, 8–11; plan number 
22 is applicable to Tom Gorman; plan numbers 1, 3, 5, 7–20 
are applicable to Kevin Shuba and exercises occurred from plan 
numbers 5, 8, 9–11; plan numbers 1, 2, 5, 8, 9, 11–20 are 
applicable to Jasper Judd and exercises occurred from plan 
numbers 5, 8, 9, 11; plan numbers 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11–20 are 
applicable to Miguel D’Cotta and exercises occurred from 3, 5, 
7, 8, 9, 11; plan numbers 1, 5, 8–20, are relevant to Michael 
Lamb and exercises occurred from plan numbers 5, 8–11.

36. There is currently no Deputy Chairman.

27.  For continuing employees none of the equity awards shown will 
vest or be forfeited until calendar year 2010, when performance 
against the TSR and/or service condition can be determined.

37.  Payable only to a Committee Chairman who is not also the 

Board Chairman or a Deputy Chairman.

38. The total emoluments for all the Directors for the Year were 

28. Based on the STI Cash Award expected to be paid around 

September 2008 in respect of performance during the Year. 
The percentages have been calculated relative to the amount 
which can be paid if the maximum STI targets are met.

29. STI Share Awards vest on the third anniversary of their date of 

grant, subject to continuing employment.

30. Enhanced STI Share Awards vest on the third anniversary 

of their date of grant, subject to continuing employment and 
meeting a TSR performance condition.

31. LTI Awards vest on the third anniversary of their date of 
grant, subject to continuing employment and meeting a 
TSR performance condition.

32. “Lapse” in this context means awards expired without being 

exercised or forfeited because vesting conditions were not met.

33. There were no amounts payable but unpaid on the exercise 

of options during the Year.

34. Of which 18,458 were held by Pershing Keen Nominees Limited 

and 19,094 were held by Julia Anne Turner.

US$8 million (2007: US$12 million). The aggregate minimum 
contributions of all Directors to complying superannuation funds 
to avoid incurring the superannuation guarantee levy under the 
Superannuation Guarantee (Administration) Act 1997 (Australia) 
were A$97,187 (2007: A$80,077). The total number of 
Directors who made such contributions was ten (2007: ten).

39. Balances are at cessation of employment for Dave Mezzanotte, 

being 4 April 2008.

40. The Non-executive Directors did not participate in any 
of Brambles’ cash or share based short or long term 
incentive plans. David Turner, the former CEO, participated in 
Brambles’ cash and share based short and long term incentive 
schemes during his employment.

41. Of which 7,000 shares were held by Christine Joanne Froggatt.

42. Held by Invia Custodians for Graham John Kraehe 

Private Superannuation Fund.

43. Awards granted under the 2001 Plans and 2004 Plans 

were formerly over both BIL and BIP shares.

76  Brambles Limited 2008 Annual Report

44. All values in A$ relate to awards originally made over BIL shares, 

and in £ to awards originally made over BIP shares.

45. These are the fair values calculated using the methodology 

set out in Section 7.1. Where two values in one currency are 
shown for awards on or after November 2004, the second 
relates to rights awarded to Elton Potts, Kevin Shuba and 
Michael Lamb, which expire on the third, rather than the sixth 
anniversary of grant.

46. Includes retention payment of US$542,397.

47.  Awards granted on 24 November 2004 were, for pricing 
and vesting purposes, taken to have been granted on 
8 September 2004.

48. Includes retention payment of US$180,799.

49. These individuals were not Disclosable Executives for 2007 
and therefore no data was disclosed in respect of them.

50. Of which 115,000 shares were held by UBS Wealth 

Management Australia Pty Limited for the Ihlein Family 
Superannuation Fund and 1,000 shares were held in the 
form of CDIs by Citibank.

51. Held through Alamiste Pty Limited as the trustee for the 

Argus Superannuation Fund, of which Don Argus is a member.

52. Held by Susan Gosnell.

53. Of which 27,500 shares were held by Canzak Pty Limited and 

20,000 shares were held by Caran Pty Limited.

54. Of which 5,500 were held by the Sarah Carolyn Hailes Kay 

Superannuation Fund.

55. Held by Worldwide Nominees Limited.

56. During the year 2,531,185 performance share rights were 

granted under the 2006 Share Plan of which 169,607 were 
granted to Mike Ihlein and 28,406 were granted to Liz Doherty. 
Approval for the issue of these securities was obtained under 
ASX Listing Rule 10.14 at the AGM held on 16 November 2007.

57. Awards granted on 19 January 2007 were, for pricing 
and vesting purposes, taken to have been granted on 
30 August 2006.

58. Includes transitional housing allowance and schooling allowance.

59. Awards granted on 26 February 2008 were, for pricing 
and vesting purposes, taken to have been granted on 
1 December 2007.

60. Awards granted on 19 March 2008 were, for pricing and vesting 

purposes, taken to have been granted on 1 March 2008.

61. Kevin Shuba and Jasper Judd became Executive Leadership 
Team members on 1 February 2008. Their remuneration for 
the Year includes the prior seven months where they were not 
members of the Executive Leadership Team. 

Luke mayhew 
Chairman of the Remuneration Committee

20 August 2008

Brambles Limited 2008 Annual Report  77

Directors’ Report – Other Information

The information presented in this report relates to the consolidated 
entity, the Brambles Group, consisting of Brambles Limited and 
the entities it controlled at the end of, or during the year ended 
30 June 2008.

PrinCiPAL ACTiviTy
The principal activity of the Group during the financial year was the 
provision of support services, in which it is a leading global provider. 
There were no significant changes in the nature of the Group’s 
principal activity during the year.

rEviEW oF oPErATionS And rESuLTS 
A review of the Group’s operations, a review of the results of those 
operations and details of any significant changes in its state of affairs 
during the year, are given in the Chairman’s Review on page 13, 
the Chief Executive Officer’s Report on page 15 and in the Business 
Reviews on pages 18 to 23.

Information about the financial position of the Group is included in 
Financial Performance on pages 10 and 11 and in the Financial 
Review on pages 40 to 43.

mATTErS SinCE THE End oF THE FinAnCiAL yEAr
The Directors are not aware of any matter or circumstance that has 
arisen since 30 June 2008 that has significantly affected or may 
significantly affect the operations of the Group, the results of those 
operations or the state of affairs of the Group in future financial 
years, except as may be stated elsewhere in the Chairman’s Review 
on page 13, the Chief Executive Officer’s Report on page 15, the 
Business Reviews on pages 18 to 23 and the Financial Review on 
pages 40 to 43. 

BuSinESS STrATEgiES And ProSPECTS For FuTurE 
FinAnCiAL yEArS
The business strategies and prospects for future financial years, 
together with likely developments in the operations of the Group in 
future financial years and the expected results of those operations 
known at the date of this Report, are set out in the Chairman’s 
Review on page 13, the Chief Executive Officer’s Report on page 15, 
the Business Reviews on pages 18 to 23 and the Financial Review 
on pages 40 to 43. Further information in relation to such matters 
has not been included because the Directors believe it would be 
likely to result in unreasonable prejudice to the Group.

dividEndS
The Directors have declared a final dividend of 17.5 Australian cents 
per share, which will be 10% franked. The dividend will be paid on 
Thursday, 9 October 2008 to shareholders on the register on Friday, 
19 September 2008. On 10 April 2008, an interim dividend was 
paid, which was 17 Australian cents per share and 10% franked. 
On 11 October 2007, a final dividend for the year ended 30 June 
2007 was paid, which was 17 Australian cents per share and 20% 
franked. The unfranked component of each dividend paid during the 
year was conduit foreign income.

dirECTorS
The name of each person who was a Director of Brambles Limited 
at any time during, or since the end of, the year, and the period for 
which they were a Director during the year are set out below. The 
qualifications, experience and special responsibilities for continuing 
Directors are set out on pages 26 and 27. 

D R Argus AO

M E Doherty

A G Froggatt

D P Gosnell

H-O Henkel

M F Ihlein

S P Johns

S C H Kay

G J Kraehe AO

C L Mayhew

D A Mezzanotte

J Nasser AO

D J Turner

1 July 2007 to 6 February 2008

1 December 2007 to date

1 July 2007 to date

1 July 2007 to date

1 July 2007 to 16 November 2007

1 July 2007 to date

1 July 2007 to date

1 July 2007 to date

1 July 2007 to date

1 July 2007 to date

1 July 2007 to 4 April 2008

1 July 2007 to 14 January 2008

1 July 2007 to 16 November 2007

SECrETAry
Details of the qualifications and the experience of the Company 
Secretary of Brambles Limited are as follows: Robert Gerrard joined 
Brambles in 2003. Prior to joining Brambles, he was General 
Counsel to, and Company Secretary of, Roc Oil Company Limited; 
Group Legal Manager, Cairn Energy plc; General Counsel to, and 
Company Secretary of, Command Petroleum Limited; and a solicitor 
with Allen Allen & Hemsley. He holds a Masters of Law (LLM) from 
the University of Sydney and a Bachelor of Science (BSc) degree 
from the University of New South Wales. He is a Solicitor of the 
Supreme Court of New South Wales.

78  Brambles Limited 2008 Annual Report

dirECTorS’ mEETingS
Details of the general frequency of Board meetings and membership of Board Committees are given in the Corporate Governance Report 
on pages 47 to 50. The following table shows the actual Board and Committee meetings held during the year and the number attended 
by each Director or Committee member. (In addition to the meetings below, during the year the Non-executive Directors also held two 
informal meetings which the Executive Directors did not attend.)

Board meetings

Regular

Special

Special 
Committees

Audit 
Committee 
meetings

Remuneration 
Committee 
meetings

Nominations 
Committee 
meetings

(a)

(b)

(a)

(b)

(a)

(b)

(a)

(b)

(a)

(b)

(a)

(b)

6

4

9

9

5

9

9

9

9

9

5

5

5

6

4

7

8

5

9

9

9

9

9

5

4

5

2

–

2

2

2

2

2

2

2

2

2

2

2

2

–

2

2

1

2

2

2

2

2

2

2

2

2

2

–

–

–

5

4

1

3

–

–

–

–

2

2

–

–

–

5

4

1

3

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

7

–

–

7

7

6

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

7

–

–

7

7

5

–

–

–

–

4

–

7

–

3

–

–

–

1

7

–

3

–

3

–

7

–

3

–

–

–

1

7

–

2

–

3

–

1

–

–

–

5

–

5

–

–

3

–

3

–

1

–

–

–

4

–

5

–

–

2

–

D R Argus AO(c)

M E Doherty(d)

A G Froggatt

D P Gosnell

H-O Henkel(e)

M F Ihlein

S P Johns

S C H Kay

G J Kraehe AO

C L Mayhew

D A Mezzanotte(f)

J Nasser AO(g)

D J Turner(e)

(a)   This column refers to the number of meetings held while the Director was a member of the Board or relevant Committee which the 

Director was eligible to attend.

(b)   This column refers to the number of meetings attended during the period the Director was a member of the Board or relevant Committee 

which the Director was eligible to attend.

(c)  Don Argus retired as a Director on 6 February 2008.
(d)  Liz Doherty was appointed as a Director with effect from 1 December 2007. 
(e)  Hans-Olaf Henkel and David Turner retired as Directors on 16 November 2007.
(f)  Dave Mezzanotte resigned as a Director on 4 April 2008.
(g)  Jac Nasser resigned as a Director on 14 January 2008.

Brambles Limited 2008 Annual Report  79

Directors’ Report – Other Information (continued)

dirECTorS’ dirECTorSHiPS oF oTHEr LiSTEd ComPAniES
The following lists the directorships held by the Directors in listed companies (other than Brambles Limited) since 30 June 2005 and the 
period for which each directorship has been held.

Director

M E Doherty

A G Froggatt

D P Gosnell

M F Ihlein

S P Johns

S C H Kay

G J Kraehe AO

C L Mayhew

Listed company

SABMiller plc

AXA Asia Pacific Holdings Limited

Billabong International Limited

Brambles Industries Limited

Brambles Industries plc

Scottish & Newcastle plc

Brambles Industries Limited

Brambles Industries plc

Brambles Industries Limited

Brambles Industries plc

Brambles Industries Limited

Brambles Industries plc

Spark Infrastructure Group

Westfield Group:

 –

Westfield Holdings Limited

 –

Westfield America Trust  
(director of responsible entity,  
Westfield America Management Limited)

Period directorship held

2006 to current

2008 to current

2008 to current

2006

2006

2003 to 2007

2006

2006

2004 to 2006

2004 to 2006

2004 to 2006

2004 to 2006

2005 to current

1985 to current

1996 to current

 –

Westfield Trust (director of responsible 
entity, Westfield Management Limited)

1985 to current

Brambles Industries Limited

Brambles Industries plc

Commonwealth Bank of Australia

Symbion Health Limited

Bluescope Steel Limited

Brambles Industries Limited

Brambles Industries plc

Djerriwarrh Investments Limited

National Australia Bank Limited

Brambles Industries Limited

Brambles Industries plc

WH Smith plc

2006

2006

2003 to current

2001 to 2007

2002 to current

2005 to 2006

2005 to 2006

2002 to current

1997 to 2005

2005 to 2006

2005 to 2006

2006 to current

WH Smith Retail Holdings Limited

2005 to 2006

80  Brambles Limited 2008 Annual Report

inTErESTS in SECuriTiES
Pages 69 and 72 of the Remuneration Report include details 
of the relevant interests of Directors in shares and other securities 
of Brambles Limited.

indEmniTiES
Indemnities provided to the Directors and officers in accordance 
with the constitution of Brambles Limited are detailed in Note 
35 on pages 147 to 149. Insurance policies are in place to cover 
Directors and executive officers, however, the terms of the policies 
prohibit disclosure of the details of the insurance cover and the 
premiums paid. 

EmPLoyEE, EnvironmEnT And rESEArCH And 
dEvELoPmEnT
The Sustainability Report on pages 28 to 39 sets out, amongst other 
things, information relating to environmental and employee matters. 
Information about the Group’s activities in relation to research and 
development is set out on page 37.

EnvironmEnTAL rEguLATion
Details of the Group’s compliance with significant environmental 
regulations and its environmental performance are set out in the 
Sustainability Report on pages 31 to 34.

SHArE CAPiTAL, oPTionS And SHArE rigHTS
Details of the changes in the issued share capital of Brambles 
Limited and options and share rights outstanding over Brambles 
Limited shares at the year end are given in Notes 27 and 28 on 
pages 128 to 132. No options or share rights over the shares 
of Brambles Limited’s controlled entities for the year ended 
30 June 2008 were granted during that year or since the end 
of that year to the date of this report.

SHArE Buy-BACkS
On 21 September 2007, Brambles Limited announced that, 
subject to shareholder approval, it intended to buy-back up to 
141,903,916 of its ordinary shares on-market, should appropriate 
opportunities arise. Shareholder approval was given at the 
AGM on 16 November 2007 and a 12 month buy-back period 
commenced on 17 November 2007. 42,409,560 ordinary 
shares were bought-back and cancelled during the year ended 
30 June 2008, representing 3.07% of the issued capital of 
Brambles Limited as at 30 June 2008, for a total consideration of 
A$427 million. The buy-back has been suspended at the date of 
this Report. The buy-back was carried out to implement Brambles’ 
ongoing capital management initiatives.

PrinCiPAL riSkS And unCErTAinTiES
The principal risks and uncertainties facing Brambles are described 
in Section 7.2 of the Corporate Governance Report.

rESPonSiBiLiTy STATEmEnT
For the purposes of compliance with the UK Disclosure and 
Transparency Rules, the Directors confirm that to the best of their 
knowledge, the management report (which comprises the Directors’ 
Report – Other Information and the other sections of the Annual 
Report referred to in it) includes a fair review of the development and 
performance of the business and the position of Brambles Limited 
and the Group taken as a whole, together with a description of the 
principal risks and uncertainties that they face.

non-AudiT SErviCES
The amount of US$464,000 was paid or is payable to 
PricewaterhouseCoopers, the Group’s auditors, for non-audit services 
provided during the year by them (or another person or firm on 
their behalf). These services primarily related to tax advice and due 
diligence work on an acquisition. The Audit Committee has reviewed 
the provision of non-audit services by PricewaterhouseCoopers and 
its related practices and provided the Directors with formal written 
advice of a resolution passed by the Audit Committee. Consistent 
with this advice, the Directors are satisfied that the provision of non-
audit services by PricewaterhouseCoopers and its related practices 
did not compromise the auditor independence requirements of the 
Act for the following reasons: the nature of the non-audit services 
provided for the year; the quantum of non-audit fees compared to 
overall audit fees; and the pre-approval, monitoring and ongoing 
review requirements under the Audit Committee Charter and the 
Charter of Audit Independence in relation to non-audit work.

The auditors have also provided the Audit Committee with a letter 
confirming that, in their professional judgement, as at 20 August 
2008, they have maintained their independence in accordance with 
their firm’s requirements, with the provisions of APES 110 – Code of 
Ethics for Professional Accountants, the applicable provisions of the 
Act, and other professional and regulatory requirements in Australia. 
On the same basis, they also confirm that the objectivity of the audit 
engagement partners and the audit staff is not impaired.

AudiTorS’ indEPEndEnCE dECLArATion
A copy of the auditors’ independence declaration as required under 
Section 307C of the Act is set out on page 153.

AnnuAL gEnErAL mEETing
The AGM will be held at 10.00am (AEDT) on 25 November 2008 
at Level 3, Overseas Passenger Terminal, Circular Quay West Street, 
The Rocks, Sydney, NSW 2000.

This Directors’ Report is made in accordance with a resolution of 
the Board. 

g J kraehe Ao

Chairman

m F ihlein

Chief Executive Officer

20 August 2008

Brambles Limited 2008 Annual Report  81

Shareholder Information

dirECTorS
g J kraehe Ao
(Non-executive Chairman)

m E doherty
(Chief Financial Officer)

A g Froggatt
(Non-executive Director)

d P gosnell
(Non-executive Director)

m F ihlein
(Chief Executive Officer)

S P Johns
(Non-executive Director)

S C H kay
(Non-executive Director)

C L mayhew 
(Non-executive Director)

ComPAny SECrETAry
r n gerrard

rEgiSTErEd oFFiCE
Brambles Limited
Level 40, Gateway
1 Macquarie Place
Sydney NSW 2000
Australia
ACN 118 896 021

Telephone:  61 (0) 2 9256 5222
Facsimile:  61 (0) 2 9256 5299

WEBSiTE
www.brambles.com

SToCk ExCHAngE LiSTingS
Brambles’ ordinary shares have a primary listing on the Australian 
Securities Exchange and a secondary listing (where ordinary shares 
traded are settled via CDIs) on the London Stock Exchange.

82  Brambles Limited 2008 Annual Report

SHArE rEgiSTrArS
Online access to shareholding and CDI holding information is available 
to investors through the Link Market Services and Equiniti websites.

ordinary shareholders
Link Market Services Limited
Level 12, 680 George Street
Sydney NSW 2000 
Australia

Locked Bag A14
Sydney South NSW 1235
Australia

Telephone:  1300 883 073 (freecall within Australia)

61 (0) 2 8280 7143 (from outside Australia)

Facsimile:  61 (0) 2 9287 0303

Email: 

registrars@linkmarketservices.com.au

Website:  www.linkmarketservices.com.au

Cdi holders
For CDI holders who use the Equiniti (formerly Lloyds TSB Registrars) 
corporate nominee service (including former BIP shareholders who 
held their shares in certificated form), contact:

Equiniti Corporate Nominees Limited
Aspect House, Spencer Road 
Lancing BN99 6DA
United Kingdom

Telephone:  0845 640 6090 (UK only)

44 (0) 121 415 7047 (from outside the UK)

Facsimile:  0871 384 2100* (UK only)

44 (0) 1903 702 424 (from outside the UK)

*   Calls to this number will be charged at 8p per minute from a BT landline. 

Other telephony providers’ costs may vary.

Website:  www.shareview.co.uk

For CDI holders who are CREST participants (including former BIP 
shareholders who held their shares in dematerialised form through 
CREST) contact:

Euroclear UK & Ireland Limited
33 Cannon Street
London EC4M 5SB
United Kingdom

Telephone:  08459 645 648 (option 4) (UK only)

 44 (0) 8459 645 648 (option 4) 
(from outside the UK)

Facsimile:  020 7849 0134 (UK only)

44 (0) 20 7849 0134 (from outside the UK)

Website:  www.euroclear.co.uk

     
     
     
     
     
AnnuAL gEnErAL mEETing
The Brambles Limited 2008 AGM will be held at 10.00 am (AEDT) on 25 November 2008 at Level 3, Overseas Passenger Terminal, 
Circular Quay West Street, The Rocks, Sydney, NSW 2000.

FinAnCiAL CALEndAr
Final dividend 2008
Ex dividend date – Monday, 15 September 2008

Record date – Friday, 19 September 2008

Payment date – Thursday, 9 October 2008

2009 (Provisional)
Announcement of interim results – end February

Interim dividend – mid April

Announcement of final results – end August

Final dividend – mid October

AGM – November

AnALySiS oF HoLdErS oF EQuiTy SECuriTiES AS AT 18 AuguST 2008
Substantial shareholders
Brambles has been notified of the following substantial shareholdings:

Holder 

Barclays Global Investors Australia Limited  

Commonwealth Bank of Australia and its subsidiaries 

1  Percentages are as disclosed in substantial holding notices given to Brambles Limited.
number of ordinary shares on issue and distribution of holdings

1 – 1,000  

1,001 – 5,000  

5,001 – 10,000  

10,001 – 100,000  

100,001 and over  

Total  

Number of  
  ordinary shares 

86,819,740 

147,161,197 

Holders  

39,042 

41,236 

7,144 

4,205 

231 

91,858 

% of issued  
ordinary  
share capital 1

6.04

10.63

Shares

21,833,565

  101,272,250

51,948,952

91,570,493

  1,117,041,083

 1,383,666,343

The number of security investors holding less than a marketable parcel of 59 securities (based on a market price of A$8.48 on 18 August 2008) 
is 1,254 and they hold a total of 49,853 securities.

number of options/rights on issue and distribution of holdings

1 – 1,000  

1,001 – 5,000  

5,001 – 10,000  

10,001 – 100,000  

100,001 and over  

Total  

Holders  

17 

1,235 

73 

89 

13 

1,427 

Options

11,366

1,936,881

582,958

2,825,934

2,905,992

8,263,131

Brambles Limited 2008 Annual Report  83

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Shareholder Information (continued)

Twenty largest ordinary shareholders

Name

1

2 

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

HSBC Custody Nominees (Australia) Limited

J P Morgan Nominees Australia Limited

National Nominees Limited

Citicorp Nominees Pty Limited

ANZ Nominees Limited (Cash Income A/C)

Cogent Nominees Pty Limited

Queensland Investment Corporation

ANZ Nominees Limited (SL Cash Income A/C)

AMP Life Limited

Australian Reward Investment Alliance

Citicorp Nominees Pty Limited

Fleet Nominees Pty Limited

Australian Foundation Investment Company Limited

14 UBS Nominees Pty Ltd

15 RBC Dexia Investor Services Australia Nominees Limited

16

17

Citicorp Nominees Pty Ltd

Argo Investments Limited

18 RBC Dexia Investor Services Australia Nominees Pty Limited (BKCUST A/C)

19

Perpetual Trustee Company Limited

20 UBS Wealth Management Australia Nominees Pty Limited

Number of ordinary shares % of share capital

273,278,166

225,939,296

220,732,330

87,408,370

73,453,943

34,845,085

14,103,257

11,864,739

10,348,355

9,517,512

8,313,330

6,566,899

5,869,840

5,477,362

5,299,917

4,818,505

4,252,106

4,191,324

4,161,923

4,083,942

19.75

16.33

15.95

6.32

5.31

2.52

1.02

0.86

0.75

0.69

0.60

0.47

0.42

0.40

0.38

0.35

0.31

0.30

0.30

0.30

Percentage of total holdings of 20 largest holders

1,014,526,201

73.32

The ANZ Nominees Limited (Cash Income A/C) holding includes the nominee holding of ordinary shares underlying the CDIs which trade on 
the London Stock Exchange.

voting rights: ordinary shares
Brambles Limited’s constitution provides that each member entitled to attend and vote may attend and vote in person or by proxy, by attorney 
or, where the member is a body corporate, by representative. On a show of hands, every member present in person, by proxy, by attorney or, 
where the member is a body corporate, by representative and having the right to vote on a resolution has one vote.

On a poll, every member present in person, by proxy, by attorney or, where the member is a body corporate, by representative and having the 
right to vote on the resolution has one vote for each ordinary share held.

voting rights: options/share rights
Options over ordinary shares and performance share rights do not carry any voting rights.

84  Brambles Limited 2008 Annual Report

Financial Report
for the year ended 30 June 2008

indEx 

Consolidated income statement  

Parent entity income statement 

Balance sheets 

Statements of recognised income and expense  

Cash flow statements  

notes to the financial statements

1. 

2. 

3. 

4. 

5. 

6. 

7. 

8. 

9. 

Basis of preparation 

Significant accounting policies 

Critical accounting estimates and judgements 

Segment information 

Profit from ordinary activities – continuing operations  

Special items – continuing operations  

Employment costs – continuing operations  

Net finance costs  

Income tax  

10.  Earnings per share  

11.  Dividends  

12.  Discontinued operations  

13.  Business combination  

14.  Cash and cash equivalents  

15.  Trade and other receivables  

16. 

Inventories  

17.  Derivative financial instruments  

18.  Other assets  

19. 

Investments 

20.  Property, plant and equipment  

21.  Goodwill  

22. 

Intangible assets  

23.  Trade and other payables  

24.  Borrowings  

25.  Provisions  

26.  Retirement benefit obligations  

27.  Contributed equity  

28.  Share-based payments  

29.  Reserves and retained earnings  

30.  Financial risk management 

31.  Cash flow statement – additional information  

32.  Commitments  

33.  Contingencies  

34.  Auditors’ remuneration  

35.  Related party information  

36.  Events after balance sheet date  

directors’ declaration  

independent auditors’ report  

Page

86

87

88

89

90

91

91

98

99

101

102

103

103

104

107

108

109

110

112

112

114

114

114

115

117

118

119

120

120

123

124

128

129

132

135

144

145

146

147

147

149

150

151

Brambles Limited 2008 Annual Report  85

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Consolidated income statement
for the year ended 30 June 2008

Continuing operations

Sales revenue 

Other income 

Operating expenses 

Share of results of joint ventures  
and associates 

operating profit1 

Finance revenue 

Finance costs 

net finance costs 

Profit before tax 

Tax expense 

  Before 
  special 
items 
  uS$m 

note 

  2008 

Special2 
items 
uS$m 

result 
for the 
year 
uS$m 

Before 
special 
items 
US$m 

2007

Special2 
items 
US$m 

Result
for the
year
US$m

5a  4,358.6 

5a 

181.5 

– 

– 

4,358.6  3,868.8 

181.5 

160.9 

– 

– 

3,868.8

160.9

5b, 6a 

(3,499.1) 

(16.3) 

(3,515.4) 

(3,101.2) 

(136.8) 

(3,238.0)

19c 

5.9 

– 

5.9 

4.3 

– 

  1,046.9 

(16.3) 

1,030.6 

932.8 

(136.8) 

10.5 

(160.0) 

8 

(149.5) 

897.4 

6a, 9 

(270.9) 

– 

– 

– 

(16.3) 

36.7 

20.4 

1.8 

10.5 

(160.0) 

(149.5) 

39.4 

(99.3) 

(59.9) 

881.1 

872.9 

(234.2) 

(287.2) 

646.9 

585.7 

1.8 

27.7 

– 

– 

– 

(136.8) 

(15.2) 

(152.0) 

829.9 

4.3

796.0

39.4

(99.3)

(59.9)

736.1

(302.4)

433.7

857.6

Profit from continuing operations 

Profit from discontinued operations 

12b, 12c 

626.5 

– 

Profit for the year attributable to  
members of the parent entity 

626.5 

22.2 

648.7 

613.4 

677.9 

1,291.3

Earnings per share (cents) 

10 

Total 

– Basic 

– Diluted 

Continuing operations 

– Basic 

– Diluted 

46.0 

45.7 

45.9 

45.6 

83.4

82.3

28.0

27.7

1   Operating profit for 2008 is after expensing:

  CHEP USA: quality and innovation costs 

  CHEP USA: Walmart transition costs 

(20.6) 

(10.9) 

(31.5) 

5d 

– 

– 

– 

(20.6) 

(10.9) 

(31.5) 

2   Special items comprise impairments, exceptional items, fair value adjustments and amortisation of acquired non-goodwill intangible assets 
(other than software). Exceptional items are items of income or expense which are considered to be outside the ordinary course of business 
and are, either individually or in aggregate, material to Brambles or to the relevant business segment. Refer to Notes 6 and 12c.

The consolidated income statement should be read in conjunction with the accompanying notes.

86  Brambles Limited 2008 Annual Report

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
Parent entity income statement
for the year ended 30 June 2008

Continuing operations 

Revenue 

Other income 

Operating expenses 

operating profit 

Finance revenue 

Finance costs 

net finance revenue 

Profit before tax 

Tax expense 

Profit for the year 

  Before 
  special 
items 
  uS$m 

  2008 

Special 
items 
uS$m 

result 
for the 
year 
uS$m 

Before 
special 
items 
US$m 

2007

Special 
items 
US$m 

note 

5a 

5a 

5b, 6b 

– 

– 

– 

– 

  1,061.4 

(250.3) 

8 

811.1 

811.1 

6b, 9 

(240.0) 

  571.1 

– 

– 

– 

– 

– 

– 

– 

– 

– 

– 

– 

– 

– 

– 

– 

– 

– 

– 

1,061.4 

446.9 

(250.3) 

(70.5) 

811.1 

376.4 

811.1 

376.4 

(240.0) 

(113.1) 

571.1 

  263.3 

– 

– 

(6.4) 

(6.4) 

– 

– 

– 

(6.4) 

(1.2) 

(7.6) 

Result
for the
year
US$m

–

–

(6.4)

(6.4)

446.9

(70.5)

376.4

370.0

(114.3)

255.7

The parent entity income statement should be read in conjunction with the accompanying notes.

Brambles Limited 2008 Annual Report  87

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Balance sheets
as at 30 June 2008

ASSETS
Current assets

Cash and cash equivalents  

Trade and other receivables 

Inventories 

Derivative financial instruments 

Other assets 

Total current assets 

non-current assets

Other receivables  

Investments  

Property, plant and equipment 

Goodwill 

Intangible assets 

Deferred tax assets 

Derivative financial instruments 

Other assets 

Total non-current assets 

Total assets 

LiABiLiTiES
Current liabilities

Trade and other payables 

Borrowings 

Derivative financial instruments 

Tax payable 

Provisions  

Total current liabilities 

non-current liabilities

Borrowings 

Derivative financial instruments 

Provisions 

Retirement benefit obligations 

Deferred tax liabilities 

Other liabilities 

Total non-current liabilities 

Total liabilities 

net assets 

EQuiTy
Contributed equity 

Reserves 

Retained earnings 

Parent entity interest 

minority interest 

Total equity 

The balance sheets should be read in conjunction with the accompanying notes.

88  Brambles Limited 2008 Annual Report

Consolidated 

2008 
uS$m 

2007 
US$m 

Parent entity
2008 
uS$m 

2007
US$m

note 

14 

15 

16 

17 

18 

15 

19 

20 

21 

22 

9 

17 

18 

23 

24 

17 

25 

24 

17 

25 

26 

9 

23 

0.6

104.8 

829.0 

45.1 

4.4 

51.7 

130.4 

791.6 

33.5 

6.7 

41.1 

5.4 

0.5 –

– –

– –

7.3 –

1,035.0 

1,003.3 

13.2 

0.6

9.1 

16.9 

9.0  14,883.6  12,234.2

23.5 

6,921.3 

6,113.6

3,698.9 

3,219.9 

676.1 

186.9 

606.1 

150.3 

8.8 

4.3 

0.8 

3.1 

1.9 

0.3 

– –

– –

– –

– –

– –

– –

4,601.8 

4,014.1  21,804.9  18,347.8

5,636.8 

5,017.4  21,818.1  18,348.4

850.7 

806.0 

91.5 

6.0 

54.9 

74.2 

64.3 

0.5 

74.7 

111.9 

1,077.3 

1,057.4 

– –

– –

– –

5.4 

– –

5.4 

0.5

0.5

2,439.5 

2,063.0 

5.0 –

2.7 

49.8 

63.4 

– 

45.7 

29.6 

443.5 

389.8 

– –

– –

– –

– –

17.1 

9.2 

4,487.4 

2,850.7

3,016.0 

2,537.3 

4,492.4 

2,850.7

4,093.3 

3,594.7 

4,497.8 

2,851.2

1,543.5 

1,422.7  17,320.3  15,497.2

27  13,778.6  14,062.8  13,778.6  14,062.8

29  (14,671.5)  (14,881.5)  3,139.0 

1,178.7

29 

2,436.1 

2,241.1 

402.7 

255.7

1,543.2 

1,422.4  17,320.3  15,497.2

29 

0.3 

0.3 

– –

    1,543.5 

1,422.7 

 17,320.3  15,497.2

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Statements of recognised income and expense
for the year ended 30 June 2008

Actuarial (losses)/gains on defined benefit pension plans:

– Continuing 

– Discontinued 

Exchange differences on translation of:

– Foreign operations 

– Entities disposed taken to profit 

Cash flow hedges:

– Losses taken to equity 

– Transferred to profit or loss 

Income tax:

– On items taken directly to or transferred directly from equity 

– On items transferred to profit or loss 

Net income recognised directly in equity 

Profit for the year 

Total recognised income and expense for the year 
attributable to members of the parent entity 

Consolidated 

2008 
uS$m 

2007 
US$m 

Parent entity
2008 
uS$m 

2007
US$m

(34.5) 

– 

33.3 

(33.4) 

– –

– –

note 

26e 

26e 

263.5 

131.7 

2,003.1 

1,209.6

– 

8.4 

(3.8) 

(0.1) 

(0.2) 

(5.0) 

9a 

9a 

9.1 

– 

4.0 

1.9  – 

– –

– –

– –

– –

– 

–

234.2 

140.7 

2,003.1 

1,209.6

648.7 

1,291.3   

571.1 

255.7

882.9 

1,432.0    2,574.2 

1,465.3

Adjustment to opening retained earnings for AASB 117: Leases 

29 

(2.5) –

The statements of recognised income and expense should be read in conjunction with the accompanying notes.

Brambles Limited 2008 Annual Report  89

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Cash flow statements
for the year ended 30 June 2008

Cash flows from operating activities

Receipts from customers 

Payments to suppliers and employees 

Cash generated from operations 

Dividends received from joint ventures and associates 

Interest received 

Interest paid 

Consolidated 

2008 
uS$m 

2007 
US$m 

Parent entity
2008 
uS$m 

2007
US$m

note 

4,998.7 

4,653.3 

(3,467.9) 

(3,380.0) 

1,530.8 

1,273.3 

5.2 

9.6 

7.0 

39.5 

(146.4) 

(93.3) 

– –

– –

– –

– –

0.2 

(2.3) 

0.9

(5.1)

Income taxes paid on operating activities  

(232.9) 

(182.5) 

(246.9) 

(118.9)

net cash inflow/(outflow) from operating activities 

31c 

1,166.3 

1,044.0   

(249.0) 

(123.1)

6.6 

2,427.6 

– 

(152.7) 

(64.3) 

(19.9) 

(869.4) 

(670.2) 

133.8 

131.1 

(18.4) 

– 

0.3 

(16.1) 

(0.4) 

– –

– –

– –

– –

– –

– –

– 

(853.1)

1.8 

1,038.0 

3,440.2

(811.4) 

1,701.2    1,038.0 

2,587.1

  2,280.3 

5,377.0 

(2,010.6) 

(5,146.1) 

95.1 

38.5 

(21.3) 

75.6 

– –

– –

– 

52.3 

(6.4)

20.8

(392.0) 

(1,527.5) 

(392.0) 

(1,527.5)

– 

(950.3) 

– 

(950.3)

(444.8) 

(604.0) 

(444.8) –

(433.5) 

(2,796.6)  

(784.5) 

(2,463.4)

(78.6) 

(51.4) 

126.9 

19.8 

68.1 

129.4 

48.9 

126.9 

4.5 

0.6 –

0.3 –

5.4 

0.6

0.6

Cash flows from investing activities

Proceeds from disposal of businesses 

Income tax paid on disposal of businesses 

Acquisition of subsidiaries, net of cash acquired 

Purchases of property, plant and equipment 

Proceeds from sale of property, plant and equipment 

Purchases of intangible assets 

Loan outflows with associates and subsidiaries  

Loan inflows with associates and subsidiaries  

net cash (outflow)/inflow from investing activities 

Cash flows from financing activities

Proceeds from borrowings  

Repayments of borrowings  

Net inflow/(outflow) from option costs and hedge borrowings  

Proceeds from issue of ordinary shares  

Buy-back of ordinary shares 

Cash Alternative at Unification 

Dividends paid to Brambles’ shareholders  

net cash used in financing activities  

net (decrease)/increase in cash and cash equivalents 

Cash and deposits, net of overdrafts, at beginning of the year 

Effect of exchange rate changes 

Cash and deposits, net of overdrafts, at end of the year 

31a 

The cash flow statements should be read in conjunction with the accompanying notes.

90  Brambles Limited 2008 Annual Report

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes to and forming part of the financial statements
for the year ended 30 June 2008

noTE 1. BASiS oF PrEPArATion
These financial statements present the consolidated results 
of Brambles Limited (ACN 118 896 021) (Company) and 
its subsidiaries (Brambles or the Group) for the year ended 
30 June 2008. 

The financial statements comply with International Financial 
Reporting Standards (IFRS). This general purpose financial report 
has been prepared in accordance with Australian Equivalents 
to International Financial Reporting Standards (AIFRS) and in 
accordance with the requirements of the Corporations Act 2001 
(Act). They comply with applicable accounting standards and 
other authoritative pronouncements of the Australian Accounting 
Standards Board (AASB) and the Urgent Issues Group (UIG).

The financial statements are drawn up in accordance with the 
conventions of historical cost accounting, except for derivative 
financial instruments and financial assets and liabilities at fair 
value through profit or loss.

References to 2008 and 2007 are to the financial years ended 
30 June 2008 and 30 June 2007 respectively.

Details of Unification, whereby Brambles Limited acquired 
all the share capital of Brambles Industries Limited and 
Brambles Industries plc under separate schemes of arrangement 
on 4 December 2006, are set out in the Brambles 2007 
Annual Report. 

noTE 2. SigniFiCAnT ACCounTing PoLiCiES
The policies set out below have been consistently applied to all the 
years presented.

new accounting standards and interpretations 
At 30 June 2008, certain new accounting standards and 
interpretations have been published that will become mandatory 
in future reporting periods. Brambles has not elected to early-adopt 
these new or amended accounting standards and interpretations. 
The expected impact of these changed accounting requirements 
should not materially alter Brambles’ accounting policies at the 
date of this report. 

AASB 8: Operating Segments and AASB 2007–3: Amendments 
to Australian Accounting Standards are applicable to annual 
reporting periods beginning on or after 1 January 2009. AASB 8 
requires adoption of a management approach to reporting segment 
performance. The application of AASB 8 may result in additional 
disclosures in the financial report.

AASB 101: Presentation of Financial Statements, AASB 2007–8: 
Amendments to Australian Accounting Standards and AASB 
2007–10: Further Amendments to Australian Accounting 
Standards are applicable to annual reporting periods beginning 
on or after 1 January 2009. AASB 101 requires the presentation 
of a statement of comprehensive income and makes changes to 
the statement of changes in equity, but will not affect any of the 
amounts recognised in the financial statements. If a prior period 
adjustment or reclassification is made in the financial statements, 
a third balance sheet as at the beginning of the comparative period 
will need to be disclosed. 

AASB 123: Borrowing Costs and AASB 2007–6: Amendments 
to Australian Accounting Standards are applicable to annual 
reporting periods beginning on or after 1 January 2009. AASB 123 
removes the option to expense all borrowing costs and will require 
the capitalisation of all borrowing costs directly attributable to the 
acquisition, construction or production of a qualifying asset.

AASB 2008–1: Amendments to Australian Accounting Standard – 
Share-based Payments: vesting Conditions and Cancellations 
is applicable for annual reporting periods beginning on or after 
1 January 2009 and clarifies that only service conditions and 
performance conditions constitute vesting conditions and that 
other features of a share-based payment are not vesting conditions. 
It also specifies that all cancellations, whether by the entity or by 
other parties, should receive the same accounting treatment. The 
amendment is not expected to affect the accounting for Brambles’ 
share-based payments.

Revised AASB 3: Business Combinations, AASB 127: Consolidated 
and Separate Financial Statements and AASB 2008–3: 
Amendments to Australian Accounting Standards arising from 
AASB 3 and AASB 127 are operative for annual reporting periods 
beginning on or after 1 July 2009, but may be applied earlier. 
Brambles has not yet decided when it will apply the revised 
standards, which generally apply only prospectively to transactions 
that occur after the application date of the standard. Any impact will 
therefore depend on whether Brambles enters into any business 
combinations subsequent to adoption.

AASB 2008–7: Amendments to Australian Accounting Standards – 
Cost of an Investment in a Subsidiary, Jointly Controlled Entity or 
Associate is applicable to annual reporting periods commencing on 
or after 1 January 2009 and will require that all dividends received 
from investments in subsidiaries, joint ventures and associates be 
recognised as revenue, even if they are paid out of pre-acquisition 
profits. However, the investments may need to be tested for 
impairment following the dividend payment. If a new intermediate 
parent entity is created in internal reorganisations, it will measure its 
investment in subsidiaries at the carrying amounts of the net assets 
of the subsidiary acquired rather than the subsidiaries’ fair value. 

IFRIC 16: Hedges of a Net Investment in a Foreign Operation 
is applicable to annual reporting periods beginning on or after 
1 October 2008. This interpretation provides guidance on identifying 
foreign currency risks that qualify as hedged risk in the hedge of net 
investments in foreign operations. IFRIC 16 also provides guidance 
on determining amounts to be reclassified from equity to profit or loss 
for both the hedging instrument and hedged items. Brambles will 
apply IFRIC 16 from 1 July 2009, but it is not expected to have any 
impact on the Group’s financial report.

Brambles Limited 2008 Annual Report  91

Notes to and forming part of the financial statements
for the year ended 30 June 2008 (continued)

noTE 2. SigniFiCAnT ACCounTing PoLiCiES (continued)
Basis of consolidation
The consolidated financial statements of Brambles include the 
financial statements of Brambles Limited and all its legal subsidiaries. 
The consolidation process eliminates all inter-entity accounts and 
transactions. The financial statements of overseas subsidiaries have 
been prepared in accordance with overseas accounting practices 
and, for consolidation purposes, have been adjusted to comply with 
AIFRS. The financial statements of all subsidiaries are prepared for 
the same reporting period.

On acquisition, the assets and liabilities and contingent liabilities 
of a subsidiary are measured at their fair values at the date of 
acquisition. Any excess of the cost of acquisition over the fair values 
of the identifiable net assets acquired is recognised as goodwill. 
Any deficiency of the cost of acquisition below the fair values of 
the identifiable net assets acquired (i.e. discount on acquisition) 
is credited to the income statement in the period of acquisition. 
The interest of minority shareholders is stated at the minority’s 
proportion of the fair values of the assets and liabilities recognised.

The results of subsidiaries acquired or disposed of during the 
year are included in the consolidated income statement from the 
effective date of acquisition or up to the effective date of disposal, 
as appropriate.

investment in controlled entities
Shares in controlled entities, as recorded in the parent entity, are 
recorded at cost.

investment in joint ventures and associates
Investments in associates, where Brambles exercises significant 
influence, and other joint venture entities are accounted for using 
the equity method in the consolidated financial statements, and 
include any goodwill arising on acquisition. Under this method, 
Brambles’ share of the profits or losses of associates and joint 
ventures is recognised in the consolidated balance sheet and its 
share of movements in reserves is recognised in consolidated 
reserves. Cumulative movements are adjusted against the cost 
of the investment.

If Brambles’ share of losses in an associate or joint venture exceeds 
its interest in the associate or joint venture, Brambles does not 
recognise further losses unless it has incurred obligations or made 
payments on behalf of its associate or joint venture.

Loans to equity accounted associates and joint ventures under 
formal loan agreements are long term in nature and are included 
as investments.

Where there has been a change recognised directly in the joint 
venture’s or associate’s equity, Brambles recognises its share of 
any changes as a change in equity.

non-current assets held for sale
Non-current assets and disposal groups classified as held for sale 
are measured at the lower of carrying amount and fair value less 
costs to sell.

Non-current assets and disposal groups are classified as held for sale 
if their carrying amount will be recovered through a sale transaction 
rather than through continuing use. This condition is regarded as 
met only when the sale is highly probable and the asset (or disposal 
group) is available for immediate sale in its present condition. 
Management must be committed to the sale which should be 
expected to qualify for recognition as a completed sale within one 
year from the date of classification.

discontinued operations
The trading results for business operations disposed during the year 
or classified as held for sale are disclosed separately as discontinued 
operations in the income statement. The amount disclosed includes 
any related impairment losses recognised and any gains or losses 
arising on disposal.

Comparative amounts for the prior year are restated in the income 
statement to include current year discontinued operations.

Segment reporting
Brambles’ primary segment for reporting purposes is by business as 
Brambles’ risks and rates of return are affected predominantly by the 
difference in the products and services between business streams. 
Secondary segment information is reported geographically.

Primary segment information is further analysed between continuing 
and discontinued operations.

Presentation currency
The consolidated and parent entity financial statements are 
presented in US dollars. 

Brambles has selected the US dollar as its presentation currency 
for the following reasons:

 –

a significant portion of Brambles’ activity is denominated in 
US dollars; and

 –

the US dollar is widely understood by Australian, UK and 
international investors and analysts.

Foreign currency
Items included in the financial statements of each of Brambles’ 
entities are measured using the functional currency of each entity.

Foreign currency transactions are translated into the functional 
currency of each entity using the exchange rates prevailing at the 
dates of the transactions. Foreign exchange gains and losses resulting 
from the settlement of such transactions, and from the translation 
at year-end rates of monetary assets and liabilities denominated in 
foreign currencies, are recognised in the income statement, except 
where deferred in equity as qualifying cash flow hedges or qualifying 
net investment hedges.

92  Brambles Limited 2008 Annual Report

Non-monetary assets and liabilities carried at fair value that are 
denominated in foreign currencies are translated at the rates 
prevailing at the date when the fair value was determined. Gains 
and losses arising on retranslation are recognised directly in equity.

The results and cash flows of Brambles Limited, subsidiaries, 
joint ventures and associates are translated into US dollars using 
the average exchange rates for the period. Where this average is 
not a reasonable approximation of the cumulative effect of the 
rates prevailing on the transaction dates, the exchange rate on 
the transaction date is used. Assets and liabilities of Brambles 
Limited, subsidiaries, joint ventures and associates are translated 
into US dollars at the exchange rate ruling at the balance sheet 
date. Following Unification, the share capital of Brambles Limited 
is translated into US dollars at historical rates. All resulting exchange 
differences arising on the translation of Brambles’ overseas and 
Australian entities are recognised as a separate component of equity.

The financial statements of foreign subsidiaries, joint ventures and 
associates that report in the currency of a hyperinflationary economy 
are restated in terms of the measuring unit current at the balance 
sheet date before they are translated into US dollars.

Goodwill and fair value adjustments arising on the acquisition of a 
foreign entity are treated as assets and liabilities of the foreign entity 
and translated at the closing rate.

The principal exchange rates affecting Brambles were:

Average

2008

2007

US$:A$

US$:euro

US$:£

 0.9040

 1.4835

 2.0111

0.7901

1.3187

1.9520

Year end

30 June 2008

 0.9629

 1.5793

 1.9936

30 June 2007

0.8519

1.3580

2.0116

revenue
Revenue is recognised to the extent that it is probable that the 
economic benefits will flow to Brambles and the revenue can be 
reliably measured. Revenue is measured at the fair value of the 
consideration received or receivable. Amounts disclosed as revenue 
are net of duties and taxes paid (Goods and Services Tax and local 
equivalents).

Revenue for services is recognised when invoicing the customer 
following the provision of the service and/or under the terms of 
agreed contracts in accordance with agreed contractual terms in 
the period in which the service is provided.

other income
Other income includes net gains on disposal of property, plant and 
equipment in the ordinary course of business, which are recognised 
when control of the property has passed to the buyer. Amounts 
arising from compensation for irrecoverable pooling equipment are 
recognised only when it is probable that they will be received.

Dividends
Dividend revenue is recognised when the shareholders’ right to 
receive the payment is established.

Finance revenue
Interest revenue is recognised as the interest accrues (using 
the effective interest method, which is the rate that exactly 
discounts estimated future cash receipts through the expected 
life of the financial instrument) to the net carrying amount of 
the financial asset.

Borrowing costs
Borrowing costs are recognised as expenses in the year in which 
they are incurred, except where they are included in the cost of 
qualifying assets.

The capitalisation rate used to determine the amount of borrowing 
costs to be capitalised is the weighted average interest rate applicable 
to the entity’s outstanding borrowings during the year. No borrowing 
costs were capitalised in 2008 or 2007.

Pensions and other post-employment benefits
Payments to defined contribution pension schemes are charged 
as an expense as they fall due. Payments made to state-managed 
retirement benefit schemes are dealt with as payments to defined 
contribution schemes where Brambles’ obligations under the 
schemes are equivalent to those arising in a defined contribution 
pension scheme.

A liability in respect of defined benefit pension schemes is 
recognised in the balance sheet, measured as the present value 
of the defined benefit obligation at the reporting date less the 
fair value of the pension scheme’s assets at that date. Pension 
obligations are measured as the present value of estimated future 
cash flows discounted at rates reflecting the yields of high quality 
corporate bonds. 

The costs of providing pensions under defined benefit schemes are 
calculated using the projected unit credit method, with actuarial 
valuations being carried out at each balance sheet date. Past service 
cost is recognised immediately to the extent that the benefits are 
already vested, and otherwise is amortised on a straight-line basis 
over the average period until the benefits become vested.

Actuarial gains and losses arising from differences between 
expected and actual returns, and the effect of changes in actuarial 
assumptions are recognised in full through the statement of 
recognised income and expense in the period in which they arise. 

The costs of other post-employment liabilities are calculated in 
a similar way to defined benefit pension schemes and spread 
over the period during which benefit is expected to be derived 
from the employees’ services, in accordance with the advice of 
qualified actuaries.

Brambles Limited 2008 Annual Report  93

 
 
Notes to and forming part of the financial statements
for the year ended 30 June 2008 (continued)

noTE 2. SigniFiCAnT ACCounTing PoLiCiES (continued)
Executive and employee option plans
Incentives in the form of share-based compensation benefits are 
provided to executives and employees under share option and 
performance share schemes approved by shareholders.

Options and share awards are fair valued by qualified actuaries at 
their grant dates in accordance with the requirements of AASB 2: 
Share-based Payments, using a binomial model. The cost of  
equity-settled transactions is recognised, together with a 
corresponding increase in equity, on a straight-line basis over 
the period in which the performance conditions are fulfilled, 
ending on the date on which the relevant employees become 
fully entitled to the award (vesting date).

Executives and employees in certain jurisdictions are provided cash 
incentives calculated by reference to the options and awards under 
the share option schemes (phantom shares). These phantom shares 
are fair valued on initial grant and at each subsequent reporting date. 
The cost of such phantom shares is charged to the income statement 
over the relevant vesting periods, with a corresponding increase 
in provisions.

The fair value calculation of options granted excludes the impact of 
any non-market vesting conditions. Non-market vesting conditions 
are included in assumptions about the number of options that 
are expected to become exercisable. At each balance sheet date, 
Brambles reviews its estimate of the number of options that are 
expected to become exercisable. The employee benefit expense 
recognised each period takes into account the most recent estimate.

Special items
Special items comprise impairments, exceptional items, fair value 
adjustments and amortisation of acquired non-goodwill intangible 
assets (other than software). Exceptional items are items of income 
or expense which are considered to be outside the ordinary course 
of business and are, either individually or in aggregate, material 
to Brambles or to the relevant business segment. Such items are 
likely to include, but are not restricted to, gains or losses on the sale 
or termination of operations, the cost of significant reorganisations 
or restructuring, and impairment charges on tangible or intangible 
assets. The Directors consider that this presentation best assists 
the users of Brambles’ financial statements in their understanding 
of the underlying business results.

Assets
Cash and cash equivalents
For purposes of the cash flow statement, cash includes deposits 
at call with financial institutions and other highly liquid investments 
which are readily convertible to cash on hand and are subject to 
an insignificant risk of changes in value, net of outstanding bank 
overdrafts. Bank overdrafts are presented within borrowings in the 
balance sheet.

receivables
Trade receivables due within one year do not carry any interest 
and are recognised at amounts receivable less an allowance for 
any uncollectible amounts. Trade receivables are recognised when 
services are provided and settlement is expected within normal 
credit terms.

Bad debts are written-off when identified. A provision for doubtful 
receivables is established when there is a level of uncertainty as to 
the full recoverability of the receivable, based on objective evidence. 
Significant financial difficulties of the debtor, probability that the 
debtor will enter liquidation, receivership or bankruptcy, and default 
or significant delay in payment are considered indicators that the 
trade receivable is doubtful. The amount of the provision has been 
measured as the difference between the carrying amount of the 
trade receivables and the estimated future cash flows expected to 
be received from the relevant debtors. When a trade receivable for 
which a provision had been recognised becomes uncollectible in 
a subsequent period, it is written off against the provision account. 
Subsequent recoveries of amounts previously written off are credited 
against other expenses in the income statement.

inventories 
Stock and stores on hand are valued at the lower of cost and net 
realisable value and, where appropriate, provision is made for 
possible obsolescence. Work in progress, which represents partly-
completed work undertaken at pre-arranged rates but not invoiced 
at the balance sheet date, is recorded at the lower of cost or net 
realisable value.

Cost is determined on a first-in, first-out basis and, where relevant, 
includes an appropriate portion of overhead expenditure. Net 
realisable value is the estimated selling price in the ordinary course 
of business, less estimated costs of completion and costs to make 
the sale.

recoverable amount of non-current assets
At each reporting date, Brambles assesses whether there is any 
indication that an asset, or cash generating unit to which the asset 
belongs, may be impaired. Where an indicator of impairment exists, 
Brambles makes a formal estimate of recoverable amount. The 
recoverable amount of an asset is the greater of its fair value less 
costs to sell and its value in use.

Where the carrying value of an asset exceeds its recoverable amount, 
the asset is considered to be impaired and is written down to its 
recoverable amount. The impairment loss is recognised as a special 
item of expense in the income statement in the reporting period in 
which the write-down occurs. 

The expected net cash flows included in determining recoverable 
amounts of non-current assets are discounted to their present 
values using a market risk adjusted discount rate. 

94  Brambles Limited 2008 Annual Report

Property, plant and equipment
Property, plant and equipment (PPE) is stated at cost, net of 
depreciation and any impairment, except land which is shown at cost 
less impairment. Cost includes expenditure that is directly attributable 
to the acquisition of assets, and, where applicable, an initial estimate 
of the cost of dismantling and removing the item and restoring the 
site on which it is located.

Subsequent expenditure is capitalised only when it is probable that 
future economic benefits associated with the expenditure will flow 
to Brambles. Repairs and maintenance are expensed in the income 
statement in the period they are incurred.

Depreciation is charged in the financial statements so as to write-off 
the cost of all PPE, other than freehold land, to their residual value 
on a straight-line or reducing balance basis over their expected useful 
lives to Brambles. Residual values and useful lives are reviewed, and 
adjusted if appropriate, at each balance sheet date.

The expected useful lives of PPE are generally:

 –

Buildings 

 –

Pooling equipment  

50 years

5–10 years

 –

Other plant and equipment (owned and leased)  3–20 years

The cost of improvements to leasehold properties is amortised over 
the unexpired portion of the lease, or the estimated useful life of the 
improvement to Brambles, whichever is the shorter.

Provision is made for irrecoverable pooling equipment based 
on experience in each market. The provision is presented within 
accumulated depreciation.

The carrying values of PPE are reviewed for impairment when 
circumstances indicate their carrying values may not be recoverable. 
Assets are assessed within the cash generating unit to which 
they belong. Any impairment losses are recognised in the 
income statement.

The recoverable amount of PPE is the greater of its fair value less 
costs to sell and its value in use. value in use is determined as 
estimated future cash flows discounted to their present value using 
a pre-tax discount rate reflecting current market assessments of the 
time value of money and the risk specific to the asset.

PPE is derecognised upon disposal or when no future economic 
benefits are expected to arise from continued use of the asset. Any 
net gain or loss arising on derecognition of the asset is included in 
the income statement and presented as other income in the period 
in which the asset is derecognised.

goodwill
Goodwill is carried at cost less accumulated impairment losses. 
Goodwill is not amortised. 

Goodwill represents the excess of the cost of an acquisition over 
the fair value of Brambles’ share of the net identifiable assets of 
the acquired subsidiary, joint venture or associate at the date of 
acquisition. Goodwill on acquisitions of subsidiaries is included 
in intangible assets. Goodwill on acquisitions of joint ventures 
and associates is included in investments in joint ventures 
and associates.

Upon acquisition, any goodwill arising is allocated to each cash 
generating unit expected to benefit from the acquisition. Goodwill 
is tested annually for impairment, or more frequently if events or 
changes in circumstances indicate that it might be impaired. An 
impairment loss is recognised when the recoverable amount of 
the cash generating unit is less than its carrying amount.

On disposal of an operation, goodwill associated with the disposed 
operation is included in the carrying amount of the operation when 
determining the gain or loss on disposal.

intangible assets
Intangible assets acquired are capitalised at cost, unless acquired as 
part of a business combination in which case they are capitalised at 
fair value as at the date of acquisition. Following initial recognition, 
intangible assets are carried at cost less provisions for amortisation 
and impairment.

The costs of acquiring and developing computer software for internal 
use are capitalised as intangible non-current assets where it is used 
to support a significant business system and the expenditure leads 
to the creation of a durable asset. 

Useful lives have been established for all non-goodwill intangible 
assets. Amortisation charges are expensed in the income statement 
on a straight-line basis over those useful lives. Estimated useful lives 
are reviewed annually. 

The expected useful lives of intangible assets are generally:

 –

Customer lists and relationships 

 –

Computer software  

3–20 years

3–7 years

There are no non-goodwill intangible assets with indefinite lives.

Intangible assets are tested for impairment where an indicator 
of impairment exists, either individually or at the cash generating 
unit level.

Gains or losses arising from derecognition of an intangible asset are 
measured as the difference between the net disposal proceeds and 
the carrying amount of the asset and are recognised in the income 
statement when the asset is derecognised.

Liabilities
Payables
Trade and other creditors represent liabilities for goods and services 
provided to Brambles prior to the end of the financial year which 
remain unpaid at the reporting date. The amounts are unsecured 
and are paid within normal credit terms.

Non-current payables are discounted to present value using the 
effective interest method.

Provisions
Provisions for liabilities are made on the basis that, due to a past 
event, the business has a constructive or legal obligation to transfer 
economic benefits that are of uncertain timing or amount. Provisions 
are measured at the present value of management’s best estimate 
at the balance sheet date of the expenditure required to settle the 
obligation. The discount rate used is a pre-tax rate that reflects 
current market assessments of the time value of money and the 
risks appropriate to the liability.

Brambles Limited 2008 Annual Report  95

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes to and forming part of the financial statements
for the year ended 30 June 2008 (continued)

income tax
The income tax expense or benefit for the year is the tax payable 
or receivable on the current year’s taxable income based on the 
national income tax rate for each jurisdiction, adjusted by changes 
in deferred tax assets and liabilities attributable to temporary 
differences between the tax bases of assets and liabilities and 
their carrying amounts in the financial statements, and to unused 
tax losses.

Deferred tax is accounted for using the balance sheet liability 
method in respect of temporary differences between the carrying 
amounts of assets and liabilities in the financial statements and 
the corresponding tax basis used in the computation of taxable 
profit, calculated using tax rates which are enacted or substantively 
enacted by the balance sheet date. 

Deferred tax assets are recognised for deductible temporary 
differences and unused tax losses only if it is probable that future 
taxable amounts will be available to utilise those temporary 
differences and losses. The carrying amount of deferred tax assets 
is reviewed at each balance sheet date and reduced to the extent 
that it is no longer probable that sufficient taxable profit will be 
available to allow all or part of the deferred tax asset to be utilised.

Deferred tax assets and liabilities are not recognised:

 –

Where the deferred tax arises from the initial recognition of an 
asset or liability in a transaction that is not a business combination 
and, at the time of the transaction, affects neither the accounting 
profit nor taxable profit or loss; or

 –

In respect of temporary differences associated with investments 
in subsidiaries, joint ventures and associates where the timing of 
the reversal of the temporary differences can be controlled and it 
is probable that the temporary differences will not reverse in the 
foreseeable future.

Current and deferred tax attributable to amounts recognised directly 
in equity are also recognised directly in equity.

Financial assets
Brambles classifies its financial assets in the following categories: 
financial assets at fair value through profit or loss and loans and 
receivables. The classification depends on the purpose for which 
the financial assets were acquired.

Financial assets at fair value through profit or loss
Financial assets at fair value through profit or loss are financial 
assets held for trading. A financial asset is classified in this category 
if acquired principally for the purpose of selling in the short term.

Loans and receivables
Loans and receivables are non-derivative financial assets with fixed 
or determinable payments that are not quoted in an active market. 

noTE 2. SigniFiCAnT ACCounTing PoLiCiES (continued)
Where discounting is used, the increase in the provision due 
to the passage of time is recognised as a finance cost in the 
income statement.

interest bearing liabilities
Borrowings are initially recognised at fair value, net of transaction 
costs incurred. Borrowings are subsequently measured at amortised 
cost. Any difference between the borrowing proceeds (net of 
transaction costs) and the redemption amount is recognised in 
the income statement over the period of the borrowings using the 
effective interest method.

Borrowings are classified as current liabilities unless Brambles has 
an unconditional right to defer settlement of the liability for at least 
12 months after the balance sheet date.

Employee entitlements
Employee entitlements are provided by Brambles in accordance 
with the legal and social requirements of the country of employment. 
Principal entitlements are for annual leave, sick leave, long service 
leave and contract entitlements. Annual leave and sick leave 
entitlements are presented within trade and other payables.

Liabilities for annual leave, as well as those employee entitlements 
which are expected to be settled within one year, are measured at 
the amounts expected to be paid when they are settled. All other 
employee entitlement liabilities are measured at the estimated 
present value of the future cash outflows to be made in respect 
of services provided by employees up to the reporting date.

dividends
A provision for dividends is only recognised where the dividends 
have been declared prior to the reporting date.

Leases
Leases are classified at their inception as either operating or finance 
leases based on the economic substance of the agreement so as to 
reflect the risks and benefits incidental to ownership.

Operating leases
The minimum lease payments under operating leases, where the 
lessor effectively retains substantially all of the risks and benefits 
of ownership of the leased item, are recognised as an expense on 
a straight-line basis over the term of the lease. 

Finance leases
Finance leases, which effectively transfer substantially all of the risks 
and benefits incidental to ownership of the leased item to Brambles, 
are capitalised at the inception of the lease at the fair value of 
the leased asset or, if lower, present value of the minimum lease 
payments, and disclosed as property, plant and equipment held 
under lease. A lease liability of equal value is also recognised.

Lease payments are allocated between finance charges and a 
reduction of the lease liability so as to achieve a constant period rate 
of interest on the lease liability outstanding each period. The finance 
charge is recognised as a finance cost in the income statement.

Capitalised lease assets are depreciated over the shorter of the 
estimated useful life of the assets and the lease term.

96  Brambles Limited 2008 Annual Report

Hedge accounting is discontinued when the hedging instrument 
expires or is sold, terminated or exercised, or no longer qualifies for 
hedge accounting.

At that point in time, any cumulative gain or loss on the hedging 
instrument recognised in equity is kept in equity until the forecast 
transaction occurs.

If a hedged transaction is no longer expected to occur, the net 
cumulative gain or loss recognised in equity is transferred to net 
profit or loss for the year.

For all other cash flow hedges, the gains or losses that are recognised 
in equity are transferred to the income statement in the same year in 
which the hedged firm commitment affects the net profit and loss, 
for example when the future sale actually occurs.

When the hedged firm commitment results in the recognition of an 
asset or a liability, then, at the time the asset or liability is recognised, 
the associated gains or losses that had previously been recognised in 
equity are included in the initial measurement of the acquisition cost 
or other carrying amount of the asset or liability.

Net investment hedges
Hedges for net investments in foreign operations are accounted for 
similarly to cash flow hedges.

Any gain or loss on the hedging instrument that is determined to be 
an effective hedge is recognised directly in equity and the ineffective 
portion is recognised in the income statement.

Gains and losses accumulated in equity are included in the income 
statement when the foreign operation is partially disposed or sold.

Derivatives that do not qualify for hedge accounting
Where derivatives do not qualify for hedge accounting, gains or 
losses arising from changes in their fair value are taken directly 
to net profit or loss for the year.

Contributed equity
Ordinary shares including share premium are classified as 
contributed equity. No gain or loss is recognised in the income 
statement on the purchase, sale, issue or cancellation of 
Brambles’ own equity instruments. 

Incremental costs directly attributable to the issue of new shares 
or options are shown in equity as a deduction from the proceeds 
of issue.

Financial assets are recognised on Brambles’ balance sheet when 
Brambles becomes a party to the contractual provisions of the 
instrument. Derecognition takes place when Brambles no longer 
controls the contractual rights that comprise the financial instrument, 
which is normally the case when the instrument is sold, or all the 
cash flows attributable to the instrument are passed through to an 
independent third party.

derivatives and hedging instruments 
Derivative instruments used by Brambles, which are used solely 
for hedging purposes (ie to offset foreign exchange and interest 
rate risks), comprise interest rate swaps, caps, collars, forward rate 
agreements and forward foreign exchange contracts. Such derivative 
instruments are used to alter the risk profile of Brambles’ existing 
underlying exposure in line with Brambles’ risk management policies. 

Derivative financial instruments are stated at fair value. The fair 
value of forward exchange contracts is calculated by reference to 
current forward exchange rates for contracts with similar maturities 
at the balance sheet date. The fair value of interest rate swap 
contracts is calculated as the present value of the forward cash 
flows of the instrument after applying market rates and standard 
valuation techniques.

For the purposes of hedge accounting, hedges are classified as either 
fair value hedges, cash flow hedges or net investment hedges.

Fair value hedges 
Fair value hedges are derivatives that hedge exposure to changes 
in the fair value of a recognised asset or liability, or an unrecognised 
firm commitment. In relation to fair value hedges which meet the 
conditions for hedge accounting, any gain or loss from remeasuring 
the hedging instrument at fair value is recognised immediately in 
the income statement.

Any gain or loss attributable to the hedged risk on remeasurement 
of the hedged item is adjusted against the carrying amount of the 
hedged item and recognised in the income statement. Where the 
adjustment is to the carrying amount of a hedged interest-bearing 
financial instrument, the adjustment is amortised to the income 
statement such that it is fully amortised by maturity.

Hedge accounting is discontinued prospectively if the hedge is 
terminated or no longer meets the hedge accounting criteria. 
In this case, any adjustment to the carrying amounts of the 
hedged item for the designated risk for interest-bearing financial 
instruments is amortised to the income statement following 
termination of the hedge.

Cash flow hedges 
Cash flow hedges are derivatives that hedge exposure to variability 
in cash flows that is either attributable to a particular risk 
associated with a recognised asset or liability, or a highly probable 
forecast transaction.

In relation to cash flow hedges to hedge forecast transactions which 
meet the conditions for hedge accounting, the portion of the gain or 
loss on the hedging instrument that is determined to be an effective 
hedge is recognised directly in equity and the ineffective portion is 
recognised in the income statement.

Brambles Limited 2008 Annual Report  97

Notes to and forming part of the financial statements
for the year ended 30 June 2008 (continued)

noTE 2. SigniFiCAnT ACCounTing PoLiCiES (continued)
Earnings per share (EPS)
Basic EPS is calculated as net profit attributable to members of the 
parent entity, adjusted to exclude costs of servicing equity (other 
than dividends), divided by the weighted average number of ordinary 
shares, adjusted for any bonus element.

Diluted EPS is calculated as net profit attributable to members of 
the parent entity, adjusted for:

 –

Costs of servicing equity (other than dividends) and preference 
share dividends;

 –

The after-tax effect of dividends and finance costs associated 
with dilutive potential ordinary shares that have been recognised 
as expenses; 

 –

Other non-discretionary changes in revenues or expenses 
during the year that would result from the dilution of potential 
ordinary shares;

and divided by the weighted average number of ordinary shares and 
dilutive potential ordinary shares, adjusted for any bonus element. 

rounding of amounts
As Brambles is a company of a kind referred to in ASIC Class Order 
98/0100, relevant amounts in the financial statements and Directors’ 
Report have been rounded to the nearest hundred thousand 
US dollars or, in certain cases, to the nearest thousand US dollars.

noTE 3. CriTiCAL ACCounTing ESTimATES 
And JudgEmEnTS
In applying its accounting policies, Brambles has made estimates 
and assumptions concerning the future, which may differ from the 
related actual outcomes. Those estimates and assumptions which 
have a significant risk of causing a material adjustment to the 
carrying amounts of assets and liabilities within the next financial 
year are discussed below.

irrecoverable pooling equipment provisioning
Loss or damage is an inherent risk of pooling equipment operations. 
CHEP’s pooling equipment operations around the world differ 
in terms of business model, market dynamics, customer and 
distribution channel profiles, contractual arrangements and 
operational details. Brambles conducts audits on a regular basis 
to confirm the existence and the condition of its pooling equipment 
assets, and monitors its pooling equipment operations using 
detailed key performance indicators (KPIs). 

The irrecoverable pooling equipment provision is determined by 
reference to historical statistical data in each market, including the 
outcome of audits and relevant KPIs, together with management 
estimates of future equipment losses.

impairment of goodwill
Brambles’ business units undertake an impairment review process 
annually to ensure that goodwill balances are not carried at amounts 
that are in excess of their recoverable amounts. The recoverable 
amount of the goodwill in continuing operations is determined based 
on value in use calculations undertaken at the cash generating unit 
level. These calculations require the use of key assumptions which 
are set out in note 21. 

income taxes
Brambles is a global company and is subject to income taxes 
in many jurisdictions around the world. Significant judgement 
is required in determining the provision for income taxes on a 
worldwide basis. There are many transactions and calculations 
undertaken during the ordinary course of business for which the 
ultimate tax determination is uncertain. Brambles recognises 
liabilities for anticipated tax audit issues based on estimates of 
whether additional taxes will be due. Where the final tax outcome 
of these matters is different from amounts provided, such 
differences will impact the current and deferred tax provisions 
in the period in which such outcome is obtained.

Provisions on divestments
Brambles has made provisions in relation to vendor warranties and 
other matters associated with the divestments made in 2007 and 
prior years. These provisions have been established by management 
using information currently available. Where the eventual outcome 
of these matters is different from amounts currently provided, such 
differences will impact profits in the period in which such outcome 
is recognised.

98  Brambles Limited 2008 Annual Report

noTE 4. SEgmEnT inFormATion
Brambles’ continuing business segments are CHEP (pallet and container pooling) and Recall (information management). Discontinued 
operations primarily comprises the Cleanaway UK and Asian businesses (waste management), which were divested in 2007. 

Intersegment revenue during the period was immaterial.

By business segment

CHEP 

Recall 

Continuing operations  

Discontinued operations 

Total 

By geographic origin

Europe 

Americas 

Australia/New Zealand 

Rest of World 

Total – continuing operations 

Discontinued operations 

Total 

By business segment

CHEP 

Recall 

Brambles HQ 

Continuing operations 

Discontinued operations 

Total 

Total income 

2008 
uS$m 

2007 
US$m 

Sales revenue
2008 
uS$m 

2007
US$m

3,790.5 

3,374.5 

3,610.3 

3,218.4

749.6 

655.2 

748.3 

650.4

4,540.1 

4,029.7 

4,358.6 

3,868.8

– 

252.1 

– 

252.1

4,540.1 

4,281.8    4,358.6 

4,120.9

1,768.7 

1,576.7 

1,737.2 

1,539.8

2,047.8 

1,843.2 

1,914.7 

1,737.4

580.1 

143.5 

487.6 

122.2 

568.2 

138.5 

473.9

117.7

4,540.1 

4,029.7 

4,358.6 

3,868.8

– 

252.1 

– 

252.1

4,540.1 

4,281.8 

  4,358.6 

4,120.9

operating profit1  
2007 
2008 
US$m 
uS$m 

Comparable 
operating profit2 
2008 
uS$m 

2007 
US$m 

Special items, 
before tax 

2008 
uS$m 

2007
US$m

944.7 

121.9 

845.2 

86.5 

945.2 

128.4 

845.2 

118.5 

(36.0) 

(135.7) 

(26.7) 

(30.9) 

(0.5) –

(6.5) 

(9.3) 

(32.0)

(104.8)

1,030.6 

796.0 

1,046.9 

932.8 

(16.3) 

(136.8)

1.2 

858.3 

– 

40.6 

1.2 

817.7

1,031.8 

1,654.3 

  1,046.9 

973.4 

(15.1) 

680.9

1  Operating profit is segment revenue less segment expense and excludes net finance costs.
2   Comparable operating profit is profit before special items, finance costs and tax which the Directors consider to be a useful measure of 
underlying business performance. The difference between comparable operating profit and operating profit in the segment report is due 
to special items.

Brambles Limited 2008 Annual Report  99

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes to and forming part of the financial statements
for the year ended 30 June 2008 (continued)

noTE 4. SEgmEnT inFormATion (continued)

By business segment

CHEP 

Recall 

Brambles HQ 

Continuing operations 

Discontinued operations 

Total 

By geographic origin

Europe 

Americas 

Australia/New Zealand 

Rest of World 

Total – continuing operations 

Discontinued operations 

Total 

By business segment

CHEP 

Recall 

Brambles HQ 

Capital expenditure 
 (including acquisitions) 
2007 
US$m 

2008 
uS$m 

depreciation 
and amortisation
2008 
uS$m 

2007
US$m

810.7 

652.7 

410.3 

362.1

88.1 

0.3 

66.5 

0.8 

47.8 

0.5 

41.6

0.6

899.1 

720.0 

458.6 

404.3

– 

24.7 

– –

899.1 

744.7   

458.6 

404.3

339.5 

411.6 

73.2 

74.8 

259.9 

367.2 

63.0 

29.9 

899.1 

720.0 

– 

899.1 

24.7 

744.7 

Segment assets 
2008 
uS$m 

2007 
US$m 

Segment liabilities

2008 
uS$m 

2007
US$m

4,340.0 

3,810.0 

1,129.8 

1,022.8 

18.5 

20.2 

767.4 

179.7 

116.8 

715.8

151.4

135.7

Continuing operations segment assets and liabilities 

  5,488.3 

4,853.0 

1,063.9 

1,002.9

104.8 

130.4 

2,531.0 

2,127.3

18.0 

8.8 

16.9 

7.4 

3.1 

23.5 

54.9 

74.7

443.5 

389.8

– –

5,636.8 

5,017.4 

4,093.3 

3,594.7

2,275.7 

1,974.3 

2,329.1 

2,128.5 

700.2 

183.3 

622.8 

127.4 

  5,488.3 

4,853.0 

Cash and borrowings  

Current tax balances 

Deferred tax balances 

Equity-accounted investments 

Total assets and liabilities 

By geographic origin

Europe 

Americas 

Australia/New Zealand 

Rest of World 

Total 

100  Brambles Limited 2008 Annual Report

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
noTE 5. ProFiT From ordinAry ACTiviTiES – ConTinuing oPErATionS

Consolidated 

2008 
uS$m 

2007 
US$m 

Parent entity
2008 
uS$m 

2007
US$m

a) revenue and other income – continuing operations
Sales revenue 

Net gains on disposals of property, plant and equipment  

Other operating income 

Other income 

Total income 

b) operating expenses – continuing operations
Employment costs (Note 7) 

Service suppliers:

– Transport 

– Repairs and maintenance 

– Subcontractors and other service suppliers 

Raw materials and consumables  

Occupancy  

Depreciation of property, plant and equipment  

Irrecoverable pooling equipment provision expense 

Amortisation:

– Software 

– Acquired intangible assets (other than software)  

– Deferred expenditure 

Other  

c) net foreign exchange gains and losses – continuing operations
Net losses included in operating profit 

Net losses included in net finance costs 

4,358.6 

3,868.8   

46.4 

135.1 

181.5 

42.7 

118.2 

160.9   

4,540.1 

4,029.7   

787.9 

739.4 

813.2 

294.9 

501.5 

195.7 

217.3 

414.0 

91.2 

722.0 

239.7 

497.5 

182.7 

184.0 

362.2 

90.2 

34.5 

33.5 

6.5 

3.6 

6.0 

2.6 

155.1 

178.2 

3,515.4 

3,238.0 

(1.4) 

(12.0) 

(13.4) 

(4.0) 

(6.7) 

(10.7)   

– –

– –

– –

– –

– –

– –

– –

– –

– –

– –

– –

– –

– –

– –

– –

– –

– 

– 

– –

– –

– –

6.4

6.4

d) CHEP uSA operating costs
In February 2008, Brambles announced that, over the next two years, CHEP would invest in excess of US$100 million in operational and 
capital initiatives focused on quality improvement and innovation. Operating expenses for 2008 include additional costs of US$20.6 million 
within CHEP USA as a result of this initiative. 

Operating expenses for 2008 also include transition costs of US$10.9 million within CHEP USA as a result of Walmart’s decision to 
modify management of pallet flows within its network in the USA.

These costs have been separately disclosed to facilitate an understanding of Brambles’ underlying business results.

Brambles Limited 2008 Annual Report  101

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
Notes to and forming part of the financial statements
for the year ended 30 June 2008 (continued)

noTE 6. SPECiAL iTEmS – ConTinuing oPErATionS
a) Consolidated

Amortisation of acquired intangible assets (other than software) 

Exceptional items:

– Restructuring and Unification costs1 

– Reset of tax cost bases on Unification2 

– Adviser costs – share register activity3 

– Recall restructuring costs4 

Special items from continuing operations 

Amortisation of acquired intangible assets (other than software) 

Exceptional items:

– Stamp duty on Unification1 

– Restructuring and Unification costs1 

– Recall restructuring costs4 

Special items from continuing operations 

2008  

  Before tax  
uS$m  

Tax   After tax
uS$m 

uS$m  

(6.5) 

0.7 

(5.8)

(4.6) 

– 

(4.7) 

(0.5) 

4.1 

31.6 

0.2 

0.1 

(16.3)  

36.7 

(0.5)

31.6

(4.5)

(0.4)

20.4

  Before tax  
US$m  

2007  
Tax  
US$m  

After tax 
US$m 

(6.0) 

0.7 

(5.3)

(28.8) 

(76.0) 

(26.0) 

– 

(23.4) 

7.5 

(28.8)

(99.4)

(18.5)

(136.8)  

(15.2) 

(152.0)

1   During 2007, Brambles incurred UK stamp duty of US$28.8 million on Unification. Brambles also incurred advisers’ fees (US$49.4 million) 

and employment-related and office closure costs (US$26.6 million) totalling US$76.0 million in connection with the restructuring and 
Unification. The net tax charge of US$23.4 million in 2007 includes US$29.0 million transitional withholding tax expense as a result of 
Unification. In 2008, further advisers’ fees of US$1.6 million, and employment-related and other costs of US$3.0 million were incurred in 
relation to the restructure.

2   During 2008, following receipt of a private ruling from the Australian Taxation Office, a tax benefit of US$31.6 million was recognised on the 

reset of Australian tax cost bases as a result of Unification.

3   As a consequence of the share register activity first disclosed to the Australian Securities Exchange on 8 August 2007, Brambles incurred 

advisers’ fees of US$4.7 million during 2008.

4   During 2007, Recall incurred US$26.0 million on restructuring its Global, North American, European and Asia Pacific operations. This 

included redundancy and related costs, software writedowns and AUSDOC integration costs. A further US$0.5 million was incurred in 2008.

b) Parent entity
During 2007, the parent entity incurred US$6.4 million (US$7.6 million after tax) of Unification costs relating to foreign exchange options 
taken out for the Cash Alternative.

102  Brambles Limited 2008 Annual Report

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
noTE 7. EmPLoymEnT CoSTS – ConTinuing oPErATionS

Wages and salaries  

Social security costs 

Share-based payment expense 

Pension costs:

– Defined contribution plans 

– Defined benefit plans 

Other post-employment benefits  

The average monthly number of employees in continuing operations was:

CHEP 

Recall 

Brambles HQ 

noTE 8. nET FinAnCE CoSTS
Finance revenue

Bank accounts and short term deposits 

Other 

Finance costs

Interest expense on bank loans and borrowings 

Other  

Net finance (costs)/revenue 

Consolidated 

2008 
uS$m 

652.2 

74.0 

18.0 

20.3 

4.6 

18.8 

2007 
US$m 

611.6 

69.5 

20.0 

14.7 

7.7 

15.9 

787.9 

739.4   

Parent entity
2008 
uS$m 

2007
US$m

– –

– –

– –

– –

– –

– –

– –

2008 

7,456 

4,773 

76 

2007 

7,466 

4,762 

99 

12,305 

12,327 

 –

2008 

2007

– –

– –

– –

 –

7.8 

2.7 

38.5 

– –

0.9 

1,061.4 

10.5 

39.4 

1,061.4 

446.9

446.9

(141.4) 

(97.5) 

(250.3) 

(70.5)

(18.6) 

(160.0) 

(149.5) 

(1.8) 

– –

(99.3) 

(250.3) 

(70.5)

(59.9)   

811.1 

376.4

Brambles Limited 2008 Annual Report  103

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes to and forming part of the financial statements
for the year ended 30 June 2008 (continued)

Consolidated 

2008 
uS$m 

2007 
US$m 

Parent entity
2008 
uS$m 

2007
US$m

222.7 

176.6 

242.9 

114.3

(26.8) 

(5.4) 

(2.9) –

195.9 

171.2 

240.0 

114.3

44.6 

133.7 

(15.6) 

9.3 

38.3 

(3.1) 

0.6 

131.2 

– –

– –

– –

– –

234.2 

302.4 

240.0 

114.3

(0.6) 

0.7 

– –

233.6 

303.1 

240.0 

114.3

(7.4) 

(1.7) 

(4.0) 

(1.9) 

(9.1) 

(5.9) 

– –

– –

– –

881.1 

264.3 

8.1 

(17.5) 

– 

6.8 

13.5 

(15.9) 

20.0 

(15.6) 

(29.5) 

736.1 

220.8 

11.2 

(4.8) 

(1.8) 

3.6 

31.2 

(7.0) 

36.1 

(3.1) 

16.2 

811.1 

243.3 

370.0

111.0

– –

(2.9) –

– –

– –

– –

– –

– 

– –

2.1

(0.4) 

1.2

234.2 

302.4 

240.0 

114.3

(0.6) 

0.7 

– –

233.6 

303.1 

  240.0 

114.3

noTE 9. inComE TAx

a) Components of tax expense
Amounts recognised in the income statement

Current income tax – continuing operations:

– Income tax charge 

– Prior year adjustments 

Deferred tax – continuing operations:

– Origination and reversal of temporary differences 

– Previously unrecognised tax losses 

– Prior year adjustments 

Tax expense – continuing operations  

Tax (benefit)/expense – discontinued operations (Note 12b) 

Tax expense recognised in the income statement 

Amounts recognised in the statement of recognised income and expense

– On actuarial losses on defined benefit pension plans 

– On losses on revaluation of cash flow hedges 

Tax benefit recognised directly in the statement of  
recognised income and expense  

b) reconciliation between tax expense and accounting profit before tax
Profit before tax – continuing operations 

Tax at standard Australian rate of 30% (2007: 30%) 

Effect of tax rates in other jurisdictions 

Prior year adjustments 

Items not subject to taxation 

Current year tax losses not recognised 

Foreign withholding tax – unrecoverable 

Change in tax rates 

Non-deductible expenses 

Prior year tax losses recouped 

Other 

Tax expense – continuing operations  

Tax (benefit)/expense – discontinued operations (Note 12b) 

Total income tax expense 

104  Brambles Limited 2008 Annual Report

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
c) Components of and changes in deferred tax assets
Deferred tax assets shown in the balance sheet are  
represented by temporary differences attributable to:

Amounts recognised in the income statement

Employee benefits 

Provisions 

Losses available against future taxable income 

Other 

Amounts directly recognised in equity

Share-based payments 

Set-off of deferred tax liabilities 

Net deferred tax assets 

Changes in deferred tax assets were as follows:

At 1 July 

Charged to the income statement  

Credited/(charged) directly to equity 

Acquisition of subsidiary 

Offset against deferred tax liabilities 

Currency variations 

At 30 June 

Consolidated 

2008 
uS$m 

2007 
US$m 

Parent entity
2008 
uS$m 

2007
US$m

14.8 

17.4 

102.5 

42.4 

177.1 

11.9 

20.8 

112.3 

36.8 

181.8 

3.3 

7.7 

(171.6) 

(186.4) 

8.8 

3.1   

3.1 

17.6 

(10.7) 

(73.5) 

4.1 

2.7 

8.7 

0.9 

8.8 

(2.1) 

– 

61.1 

– 

3.1 

 –

– –

– –

– –

– –

– –

– –

– –

– –

– –

– –

– –

– –

– –

– –

 –

Deferred tax assets are recognised for carried forward tax losses to the extent that the realisation of the related tax benefit through future 
taxable profits is probable. At reporting date, Brambles has unused tax losses of US$458.7 million (2007: US$538.7 million) available for 
offset against future profits. A deferred tax asset has been recognised in respect of US$276.8 million (2007: US$301.0 million) of such losses.

The benefit for tax losses will only be obtained if:

 –

Brambles derives future assessable income of a nature and of an amount sufficient to enable the benefit from the deductions for the losses 
to be realised;

 –

Brambles continues to comply with the conditions for deductibility imposed by tax legislation; and

 –

No changes in tax legislation adversely affect Brambles in realising the benefit from the deductions for the losses.

No deferred tax asset has been recognised in respect of the remaining unused tax losses of US$181.9 million (2007: US$237.7 million) 
due to the unpredictability of future profit streams in the relevant jurisdictions. Other than China losses of US$13.4 million which will expire 
in 2012, all other losses may be carried forward indefinitely.

Brambles Limited 2008 Annual Report  105

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes to and forming part of the financial statements
for the year ended 30 June 2008 (continued)

noTE 9. inComE TAx (continued)

d) Components and changes in deferred tax liabilities
Deferred tax liabilities shown in the balance sheet are  
represented by temporary differences attributable to:

Amounts recognised in the income statement

Accelerated depreciation for tax purposes 

Other 

Amounts recognised in the statement of recognised income and expense

On actuarial losses on defined benefit pension plans 

On cash flow hedges 

Set-off of deferred tax assets 

Net deferred tax liabilities 

Changes in deferred tax liabilities were as follows:

At 1 July 

Charged to the income statement  

Credited to the statement of recognised income and expense 

Acquisition of subsidiary 

Offset against deferred tax asset 

Currency variations 

At 30 June 

Consolidated 

2008 
uS$m 

2007 
US$m 

Parent entity
2008 
uS$m 

2007
US$m

541.9 

64.1 

606.0 

507.7 

62.3 

570.0 

7.4 

1.7 

9.1 

5.2 

1.0 

6.2   

(171.6) 

(186.4) 

443.5 

389.8   

389.8 

265.9 

27.6 

(8.3) 

6.9 

8.7 

18.8 

64.9 

(2.1) 

– 

61.1 

– 

443.5 

389.8 

– –

– –

– –

– –

– –

– –

– –

– –

– –

– –

– –

– –

– –

– –

– –

At reporting date, the aggregate amount of temporary differences associated with undistributed earnings of subsidiaries for which deferred tax 
liabilities have not been recognised in the consolidated financial statements was US$1,790.9 million (2007: US$1,756.2 million). No liability 
has been recognised in respect of these differences because Brambles is in a position to control the timing of the reversal of the temporary 
differences and it is probable that such differences will not reverse in the foreseeable future. Unremitted earnings totalled US$2,032.4 million 
(2007: US$1,985.4 million), of which US$109.9 million relates to earnings post Unification.

106  Brambles Limited 2008 Annual Report

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
noTE 10. EArningS PEr SHArE

Earnings per share

– Basic 

– Diluted 

– Basic, before special items 

From continuing operations

– Basic 

– Diluted 

– Basic, before special items 

From discontinued operations

– Basic 

– Diluted 

– Basic, before special items 

Consolidated
2008 

2007
  uS cents  US cents

46.0 

45.7 

44.5 

45.9 

45.6 

44.5  

0.1 

0.1 

– 

83.4

82.3

39.6

28.0

27.7

37.8 

55.4

54.6

1.8

Options and performance share rights granted under the employee option plans are considered to be potential ordinary shares and have 
been included in the determination of diluted earnings per share to the extent to which they are dilutive. Details are set out in Note 28.

a) Weighted average number of shares outstanding during the year
Used in the calculation of basic earnings per share 

Adjustment for share options and performance share rights 

Used in the calculation of diluted earnings per share  

Weighted average number of converted, lapsed or cancelled potential 
ordinary shares included in diluted earnings per share 

b) reconciliations of earnings used in calculating earnings per share 
Basic and diluted earnings per share

Profit from continuing operations attributable to ordinary shareholders 

Profit from discontinued operations, after minority interests 

Profit attributable to ordinary shareholders used in calculating basic earnings per share 

2008 
million 

2007
million

1,409.2 

1,548.3

8.9 

20.0

    1,418.1 

1,568.3

8.2 

7.3

2008 
uS$m 

2007
US$m

646.9 

1.8 

433.7

857.6

648.7 

1,291.3

Brambles Limited 2008 Annual Report  107

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
Notes to and forming part of the financial statements
for the year ended 30 June 2008 (continued)

noTE 11. dividEndS
a) dividends paid during the year

Brambles Limited

Dividend per share (in Australian cents) 

Franked amount at 30% tax (in Australian cents) 

Cost (in US$ million) 

Payment date 

b) dividend declared after reporting date

Brambles Limited

Dividend per share (in Australian cents) 

Franked amount at 30% tax (in Australian cents) 

Cost (in US$ million) 

Payment date 

Dividend record date 

interim 
2008 

17.0 

1.7 

223.4 

Final
2007

17.0

3.4

221.4

10 April 2008 

11 October 2007

Final
2008

17.5

1.75

208.9

9 october 2008

  19 September 2008

2008 
uS$m 

14.0   

2007
US$m

38.6

As this dividend had not been declared at the reporting date, it is not reflected in the financial statements.

c) Franking credits

Franking credits available for subsequent financial years based on a tax rate of 30% 

The amounts above represent the balance of the franking account as at the end of the year, adjusted for:

 –

Franking credits that will arise from the payment of the current tax liability;

 –

Franking debits that will arise from the payment of dividends recognised as a liability at the reporting date;

 –

Franking credits that will arise from dividends recognised as receivables at the reporting date; and 

 –

Franking credits that may be prevented from being distributed in subsequent financial years.

The dividends declared by Brambles Limited after reporting date will be franked to the extent indicated out of existing franking credits 
or out of franking credits arising from the payment of income tax in the year ending 30 June 2009.

108  Brambles Limited 2008 Annual Report

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
noTE 12. diSConTinuEd oPErATionS
a) description
The divestments of Cleanaway UK and Cleanaway Asia were recognised in first half 2007, which concluded the divestment program announced 
in November 2005. These businesses are presented as discontinued operations in this financial report.

There were a number of minor disposals in 2008, the impact of which is immaterial in aggregate.

b) income statement and cash flow information – discontinued operations

Total revenue 

Operating expenses  

Profit before tax and special items 

Special items (Note 12c) 

Profit before tax from discontinued operations 

Tax benefit/(expense):

– On profit before tax and special items 

– On special items (Note 12c) 

Total tax benefit/(expense) from discontinued operations 

Profit for the year from discontinued operations 

Net cash (outflow)/inflow from operating activities 

Net cash outflow from investing activities 

Net cash outflow from financing activities 

Net (decrease)/increase in cash from discontinued operations1 

1  Net increase in cash from discontinued operations excludes proceeds from disposal of businesses.

Consolidated

2008 
uS$m 

– 

– 

– 

1.2 

1.2 

– 

0.6 

0.6 

1.8 

(4.7) 

– 

– 

(4.7) 

2007
US$m

252.1

(211.5)

40.6

817.7

858.3

(12.9)

12.2

(0.7)

857.6

39.3

(21.4)

(0.5)

17.4

Brambles Limited 2008 Annual Report  109

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
Notes to and forming part of the financial statements
for the year ended 30 June 2008 (continued)

noTE 12. diSConTinuEd oPErATionS (continued)
c) Special items – discontinued operations

Exceptional items:

– Gain recognised on completed disposals1 

Special items from discontinued operations 

Exceptional items:

– Gain recognised on completed disposals:

  –  Cleanaway UK2 

  –  Cleanaway Asia3 

  –  Other1 

– Restructuring and Unification costs4 

Special items from discontinued operations 

  Consolidated 

2008  

  Before tax  
uS$m  

Tax   After tax
uS$m 

uS$m  

1.2 

1.2   

0.6 

0.6 

1.8

1.8

  Before tax  
US$m  

2007  
Tax  
US$m  

After tax
US$m 

788.6 

12.3 

19.8 

(3.0) 

1.5 

(1.1) 

11.8 

– 

790.1

11.2

31.6

(3.0)

817.7   

12.2 

829.9

1   In 2008, net favourable provision adjustments of US$1.2 million (US$1.8 million after tax) were recognised in respect of divestments 

completed in 2007 and prior years. In 2007, net favourable provision adjustments of US$19.8 million (US$31.6 million after tax) were 
recognised.

2   In 2007, Brambles completed the sale of Cleanaway UK and received proceeds of US$1,109.0 million. The pre-tax profit on sale recognised 
in 2007 was US$788.6 million (US$790.1 million after tax). Allowing for costs incurred in 2006 of US$11.2 million, the total profit on sale 
was US$777.4 million (US$778.9 million after tax).

3   In 2007, Brambles recognised a gain of US$12.3 million (US$11.2 million after tax) on the sale of Cleanaway Asia for proceeds of 

US$31.6 million. The divestment program to sell Cleanaway Asia commenced in 2006 during which a loss of US$25.0 million was 
recognised to reduce the carrying amount of the disposed assets to estimated fair value less cost to sell. Overall, the net loss on sale was 
US$12.7 million (US$13.8 million after tax).

4   In 2007, further amounts of US$3.0 million (US$3.0 million after tax) were incurred in respect of redundancies, office closure and expenses 

associated with Brambles Industrial Services headquarters which were closed during 2007.

noTE 13. BuSinESS ComBinATion
a) Brambles Limited
On 4 December 2006, Brambles completed Unification of the dual-listed companies structure (DLC structure). Unification has been 
accounted for as a reverse acquisition whereby for financial reporting purposes Brambles Limited has been treated as being acquired by 
the existing Brambles consolidated group which comprised Brambles Industries Limited (BIL), Brambles Industries plc (BIP) and controlled 
entities. Brambles Limited had a net asset deficiency of A$10.2 million at the date of the reverse acquisition.

Brambles Limited was incorporated on 21 March 2006 with a share capital of A$2 and had no trading activity until 4 December 2006 
when it became the legal parent company of BIL and BIP on Unification.

On Unification, Brambles Limited issued shares on a one-for-one basis to those BIL and BIP shareholders who did not elect to participate in 
the Cash Alternative. The Unification reserve of US$15,385.8 million represents the difference between the Brambles Limited share capital 
measured at fair value on 4 December 2006, and the carrying value of BIL and BIP share capital at that date.

110  Brambles Limited 2008 Annual Report

 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
b) Acquisitions
On 4 March 2008, Brambles announced it had agreed to purchase 100% of the issued share capital of LeanLogistics, Inc, a leading provider 
of technology-based transport and supply chain solutions in the USA. Change of control was effective on 7 March 2008.

For the period from 7 March 2008 to 30 June 2008, LeanLogistics contributed revenue of US$3.3 million and incurred a loss after 
tax of US$1.2 million. These results are included within the CHEP Americas business segment. If the acquisition had occurred on 
1 July 2007, Brambles’ revenue for 2008 would have been US$7.6 million higher and profit after tax for 2008 US$0.6 million lower, 
after allowing for finance costs.

The fair value of the LeanLogistics assets acquired, liabilities assumed and goodwill were as follows:

Cash paid 

Direct costs relating to the acquisition 

Total purchase consideration 

Fair value of net identifiable assets acquired 

Goodwill 

2008 
uS$m 

44.7 

2.4 

47.1 

13.8 

33.3

The goodwill acquired is attributable to the profitability of the acquired business and anticipated synergies with CHEP’s existing operations. 
The fair values of assets and liabilities acquired, including intangibles such as customer contracts, were established using professional valuers, 
where relevant.

On acquisition of LeanLogistics, assets acquired and liabilities assumed were:

Cash and cash equivalents 

Trade and other receivables 

Other current assets 

Property, plant and equipment 

Intangible assets 

Current and deferred tax assets 

Trade and other payables 

Borrowings 

Current and deferred tax liabilities 

Net assets 

Cash outflow on acquisition of LeanLogistics was as follows:

Cash and cash equivalents acquired 

Cash consideration 

Net cash outflow 

  Acquiree’s  

carrying amount   Fair value 
uS$m 
uS$m  

0.9  

1.6  

0.1  

0.3  

1.0  

2.7  

6.6  

(2.7) 

(0.3) 

– 

(3.0) 

3.6 

0.9 

1.6 

0.1 

0.3 

17.5 

2.8 

23.2 

(2.7)

(0.3)

(6.4)

(9.4)

13.8 

2008
uS$m

0.9 

(47.1)

(46.2)

In addition to the LeanLogistics acquisition, there were a number of minor acquisitions in 2008 and 2007, the impacts of which were 
immaterial in aggregate.

Brambles Limited 2008 Annual Report  111

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
Notes to and forming part of the financial statements
for the year ended 30 June 2008 (continued)

noTE 14. CASH And CASH EQuivALEnTS

Cash at bank and in hand 

Short term deposits  

Consolidated 

2008 
uS$m 

62.8 

42.0 

2007 
US$m 

112.8 

17.6 

Short term deposits have initial maturities varying between 7 days and 3 months.

Refer to Note 30 for financial instruments disclosures.

noTE 15. TrAdE And oTHEr rECEivABLES
Current

104.8 

130.4   

5.4 

Parent entity
2008 
uS$m 

2007
US$m

5.4 

– –

0.6

0.6

Trade receivables 

Provision for doubtful receivables (a) 

Net trade receivables 

Proceeds of business disposals 

Other debtors  

Accrued and unbilled revenue 

non-current

Receivables from subsidiaries 

Other receivables  

532.4 

540.6 

(7.6) 

(9.5) 

524.8 

531.1 

5.7 

172.2 

126.3 

829.0 

5.0 

178.4 

77.1 

791.6   

– –

– –

– –

– –

0.5 –

– –

0.5 –

– 

9.1 

9.1 

–  14,883.6  12,234.2

9.0 

– –

9.0 

 14,883.6  12,234.2

(a) Provision for doubtful receivables 
Trade receivables are non-interest bearing and are generally on 30–90 day terms. A provision for doubtful receivables is established when 
there is a level of uncertainty as to the full recoverability of the receivable, based on objective evidence. A provision of US$2.0 million 
(2007: US$0.9 million) has been recognised as an expense in the current year for specific trade and other receivables for which such 
evidence exists.

Movements in the provision for doubtful receivables were as follows:

At 1 July 

Charge for the year 

Amounts written off/reversed 

Foreign exchange differences 

At 30 June 

9.5 

4.2 

15.0 

5.2 

(6.9) 

(11.7) 

0.8 

7.6 

1.0 

9.5 

 –

– –

– –

– –

– –

 –

112  Brambles Limited 2008 Annual Report

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
At 30 June, the ageing analysis of trade receivables by reference to due dates was as follows:

Not past due 

Past due 0–30 days but not impaired 

Past due 31–60 days but not impaired 

Past due 61–90 days but not impaired 

Past 90 days but not impaired 

Impaired 

Consolidated 

2008 
uS$m 

410.8 

72.5 

16.3 

10.7 

14.5 

7.6 

2007 
US$m 

408.2 

66.6 

21.3 

11.9 

23.1 

9.5 

532.4 

540.6 

Parent entity
2008 
uS$m 

2007
US$m

– –

– –

– –

– –

– –

– –

– –

At 30 June 2008, trade receivables of US$114.0 million (2007: US$122.9 million) were past due but not doubtful. These trade 
receivables comprise customers who have a good debt history and are considered recoverable.

At 30 June 2008, trade receivables of US$7.6 million (2007: US$9.5 million) were considered to be impaired. A provision of 
US$7.6 million (2007: US$9.5 million) has been recognised for doubtful receivables.

Other debtors primarily comprise GST/vAT recoverable, loss compensation receivables and certain balances arising from outside 
Brambles’ ordinary business activities, such as deferred proceeds on sale of property, plant and equipment.

At 30 June 2008, other balances within trade and other receivables of US$70.9 million (2007: US$76.4 million) were past due but 
not considered to be impaired. No specific collection issues have been identified with these receivables. An ageing of these receivables 
was as follows:

Past due 0–30 days but not impaired 

Past due 31–60 days but not impaired 

Past due 61–90 days but not impaired 

Past 90 days but not impaired 

9.2 

9.8 

2.4 

49.5 

70.9 

9.1 

10.7 

2.6 

54.0 

76.4 

– –

– –

– –

– –

– –

At 30 June 2008, other balances within trade and other receivables of US$0.1 million (2007: US$1.1 million) were considered to be impaired. 
A provision of US$0.1 million (2007: US$1.1 million) has been recognised for these doubtful receivables.

Receivables from subsidiaries are unsecured, committed advances repayable in September 2009.

Refer to Note 30 for other financial instruments disclosures.

Brambles Limited 2008 Annual Report  113

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
Notes to and forming part of the financial statements
for the year ended 30 June 2008 (continued)

noTE 16. invEnToriES

Raw materials and consumables  

Work in progress  

Consolidated

2008 
uS$m 

32.3 

12.8 

45.1 

2007
US$m

25.0

8.5

33.5

Inventory write-downs recognised as an expense during the year amounted to US$0.1 million (2007: US$21.6 million). The expense 
has been included in raw materials and consumables in the consolidated income statement.

noTE 17. dErivATivE FinAnCiAL inSTrumEnTS

2008 
uS$m 

Consolidated 
2007 
US$m 

Current assets 

2008 
uS$m 
Current liabilities

2007
US$m

Interest rate swaps – cash flow hedges 

Forward foreign exchange contracts – cash flow hedges 

Forward foreign exchange contracts – held for trading 

Interest rate swaps – cash flow hedges 

Refer to Note 30 for other financial instruments disclosures.

noTE 18. oTHEr ASSETS

Current

Prepayments 

Current tax receivable  

non-current

Prepayments 

3.1 

0.1 

1.2 

4.4 

2.5 

– 

4.2 

6.7   

5.8 

– –

0.2 –

6.0 

0.5

0.5

non-current assets  non-current liabilities

4.3 

1.9 

2.7 –

Consolidated 

2008 
uS$m 

2007 
US$m 

Parent entity
2008 
uS$m 

2007
US$m

33.7 

18.0 

51.7 

33.7 

7.4 

41.1   

– –

7.3 –

7.3 –

0.8 

0.3 

– –

114  Brambles Limited 2008 Annual Report

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
    
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
noTE 19. invESTmEnTS
a) Joint ventures
Brambles has investments in the following joint ventures, all of which are unlisted jointly controlled entities, which are accounted for using 
the equity method.

name (and nature of business) 

CISCO – Total Information Management Pte. Limited 
(Information management)

General de Archivo Y Deposito, SA1 
(Document management services)

Recall Becker GmbH & Co. KG 
(Document management services)

  Place of incorporation 

  Singapore 

Consolidated
% interest held
at reporting date
June  
2008 

June 
2007

49% 

49% 

Spain 

100% 

49% 

  Germany 

50% 

50% 

1   Effective 2 April 2008, Brambles acquired the remaining 51% interest in General de Archivo Y Deposito, SA (GADSA). From that date, GADSA 

has been consolidated as a subsidiary within the Recall segment.

b) movement in carrying amount of investments in joint ventures and associates

At 1 July 

Acquisitions and advances 

Share of results after income tax (Note 19c) 

Dividends received/receivable 

Disposals and repayments 

Foreign exchange differences 

Transfer to investments in controlled entities 

Other movements 

At 30 June 

Consolidated
2008 
uS$m 

2007
US$m

23.5 

23.1

– 

5.9 

(5.2) 

(0.4) 

2.8 

(9.2) –

(0.5) 

16.9 

0.4

4.3

(7.0)

(1.9)

1.0

3.6

23.5

Brambles Limited 2008 Annual Report  115

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
Notes to and forming part of the financial statements
for the year ended 30 June 2008 (continued)

noTE 19. invESTmEnTS (continued)
c) Share of results of joint ventures and associates

Continuing operations

Trading revenue 

Expenses 

Profit from ordinary activities before tax 

Income tax on ordinary activities 

Profit for the year 

d) Share of assets and liabilities of joint ventures and associates
Current assets 

Non-current assets 

Total assets 

Current liabilities 

Non-current liabilities 

Total liabilities 

Net assets – continuing operations 

e) Share of commitments and contingent liabilities of joint ventures and associates
Contingent liabilities 

Lease commitments 

Total – continuing operations 

f) investments in controlled entities

Investments in controlled entities – at cost 

Consolidated

2008 
uS$m 

2007
US$m

17.4 

(10.5) 

6.9 

(1.0) 

5.9 

4.0 

16.4 

20.4 

2.5 

1.0 

3.5 

14.4

(9.3)

5.1

(0.8)

4.3

3.2

23.4

26.6

1.3

1.8

3.1

16.9 

23.5

0.7 

2.0 

2.7 

0.7

1.9

2.6

Parent entity

2008 
uS$m 

2007
US$m

    6,921.3 

6,113.6

This amount when added to the net intercompany receivables of US$10,396.2 million (2007: US$9,383.5 million) reflects the total 
carrying value of Brambles Limited’s investment in subsidiaries. These amounts are eliminated on consolidation and are assessed for 
impairment at each reporting period.

116  Brambles Limited 2008 Annual Report

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
noTE 20. ProPErTy, PLAnT And EQuiPmEnT

At 1 July 2006

Cost 

Accumulated depreciation 

Net carrying amount 

year ended 30 June 2007

Opening net carrying amount 

Additions 

Acquisition of subsidiaries 

Disposals  

Other transfers 

Depreciation charge  

Irrecoverable pooling equipment provision expense 

Foreign exchange differences 

Closing net carrying amount 

At 30 June 2007

Cost 

Accumulated depreciation 

Net carrying amount 

year ended 30 June 2008

Opening net carrying amount 

Additions 

Acquisition of subsidiaries 

Disposals  

Disposal of subsidiaries 

Other transfers 

Depreciation charge  

Irrecoverable pooling equipment provision expense 

Foreign exchange differences 

Closing net carrying amount 

At 30 June 2008

Cost 

Accumulated depreciation 

Net carrying amount 

 Consolidated 
  Land and  Plant and 
buildings  equipment 
uS$m 

uS$m 

Total
uS$m

103.7 

4,705.3 

4,809.0

(32.0) 

(1,860.3) 

(1,892.3)

71.7    2,845.0 

2,916.7

71.7 

2,845.0 

2,916.7

7.2 

0.6 

(17.8) 

21.5 

713.9 

721.1

1.3 

1.9

(92.1) 

(109.9)

(27.6) 

(6.1)

(6.8) 

(355.4) 

(362.2)

– 

5.7 

(90.2) 

(90.2)

142.9 

148.6

82.1    3,137.8 

3,219.9

126.2 

5,148.6 

5,274.8

(44.1) 

(2,010.8) 

(2,054.9)

82.1    3,137.8 

3,219.9

82.1 

3,137.8 

3,219.9

12.4 

838.8 

851.2

1.4 

(4.1) 

(0.2) 

(1.2) 

7.0 

8.4

(79.9) 

(84.0)

(1.0) 

(1.2)

(27.3) 

(28.5)

(7.6) 

(406.4) 

(414.0)

– 

7.3 

(91.2) 

(91.2)

231.0 

238.3

90.1    3,608.8 

3,698.9

145.9 

5,935.8 

6,081.7

(55.8) 

(2,327.0)  (2,382.8)

90.1    3,608.8 

3,698.9

The net carrying amounts above include plant and equipment held under finance lease US$2.8 million (2007: US$2.1 million); leasehold 
improvements US$7.1 million (2007: US$22.6 million); and capital work in progress US$18.3 million (2007: US$83.1 million).

Brambles Limited 2008 Annual Report  117

 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes to and forming part of the financial statements
for the year ended 30 June 2008 (continued)

noTE 21. goodWiLL

a) net carrying amounts and movements during the year
At 1 July

Carrying amount 

year ended 30 June

Opening net carrying amount 

Acquisition of subsidiaries  

Disposal of subsidiaries 

Other transfers 

Impairment loss 

Foreign exchange differences 

Closing net carrying amount 

At 30 June

Gross carrying amount 

Accumulated impairment 

Net carrying amount 

Consolidated

2008 
uS$m 

2007
US$m

606.1 

562.1

606.1 

44.7 

(14.0) –

(2.2) 

– –

41.5 

676.1 

562.1

7.9

(0.4)

36.5

606.1

676.1 

606.1

– –

676.1 

606.1

b) Segment-level summary of net carrying amount
Goodwill acquired through business combinations is allocated to cash generating units (CGU), which are the smallest identifiable 
groupings of Brambles’ cash generating assets. A segment-level summary of the goodwill allocation is presented as follows:

CHEP 

Recall 

Total goodwill  

128.2 

547.9 

676.1 

91.4

514.7

606.1

c) recoverable amount testing – continuing operations
The recoverable amount of the goodwill in continuing operations is determined based on value in use calculations undertaken at the CGU 
level. The value in use is calculated using a discounted cash flow methodology covering a 10 year period with an appropriate terminal value 
at the end of that period.

Based on the impairment testing, the recoverable amounts of goodwill in the CGUs related to continuing operations at reporting date 
were fully supported.

The following describes the key assumptions on which management has based its cash flow projections:

Cash flow forecasts
Cash flow forecasts are based on the most recent financial projections covering a maximum period of five years. Cash flows beyond 
that period are extrapolated using estimated growth rates. Financial projections are based on assumptions that represent management’s 
best estimates.

growth rates
Growth rates ranging from nil to 4% were used beyond the period covered in the financial projections. They are based on management’s 
expectations for future performance and do not normally exceed the long term growth rate for the business in which the CGU operates. 

Terminal value
The terminal value calculated after year 10 is determined using the stable growth model, having regard to the weighted average cost of 
capital and terminal growth factor appropriate to each CGU.

discount rates
Discount rates used are the pre-tax weighted average cost of capital (WACC) and include a premium for market risks appropriate to each 
country in which the CGU operates. WACCs ranged between 8.0% and 22.8%.

Sensitivity
Any reasonable change to the above key assumptions would not cause the carrying value of the CGU to materially exceed its 
recoverable amount.

118  Brambles Limited 2008 Annual Report

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
noTE 22. inTAngiBLE ASSETS

At 1 July 2006

Gross carrying amount 

Accumulated amortisation 

Net carrying amount 

year ended 30 June 2007

Opening carrying amount 

Additions 

Acquisition of subsidiaries 

Disposals 

Other transfers 

Amortisation charge 

Foreign exchange differences 

Closing carrying amount 

At 30 June 2007

Gross carrying amount 

Accumulated amortisation 

Net carrying amount 

year ended 30 June 2008

Opening carrying amount 

Additions 

Acquisition of subsidiaries 

Disposals  

Disposal of subsidiaries 

Other transfers 

Amortisation charge 

Foreign exchange differences 

Closing carrying amount 

At 30 June 2008

Gross carrying amount 

Accumulated amortisation 

Net carrying amount 

Other intangible assets primarily comprise acquired customer lists and agreements.

Consolidated 
other 
uS$m 

Software 
uS$m 

Total
uS$m

248.3 

104.6 

352.9

(153.2) 

(44.6) 

(197.8)

95.1   

60.0 

155.1

95.1 

60.0 

7.6 

– 

(0.3) 

7.1 

(33.5) 

4.1 

80.1   

8.5 

4.4 

(0.8) 

(0.6) 

(8.6) 

7.3 

70.2 

155.1

16.1

4.4

(1.1)

6.5

(42.1)

11.4

150.3

276.9 

125.9 

402.8

(196.8) 

(55.7) 

(252.5)

80.1   

70.2 

150.3

70.2 

150.3

80.1 

16.5 

8.8 

(1.6) 

(0.2) 

1.7 

20.9 

– 

– 

18.2

29.7

(1.6)

(0.2)

27.2

14.1 

13.1 

(34.5) 

(10.1) 

(44.6)

0.4 

7.5 

7.9

83.6   

103.3 

186.9

314.5 

174.3 

488.8

(230.9) 

(71.0) 

(301.9)

83.6   

103.3 

186.9

Brambles Limited 2008 Annual Report  119

 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes to and forming part of the financial statements
for the year ended 30 June 2008 (continued)

noTE 23. TrAdE And oTHEr PAyABLES

Current

Trade payables 

GST/vAT and other payables 

Accruals and deferred income 

non-current

Payables to subsidiaries 

Other liabilities 

Consolidated 

2008 
uS$m 

2007 
US$m 

Parent entity
2008 
uS$m 

2007
US$m

341.0 

111.5 

398.2 

850.7 

302.2 

108.3 

395.5 

806.0   

– –

– –

– –

– –

– 

17.1 

17.1 

– 

4,487.4 

2,850.7

9.2 

– –

9.2 

  4,487.4 

2,850.7

Trade payables and other current payables are non-interest bearing and are generally settled on 30–90 day terms.

Refer to Note 30 for financial instruments disclosures.

noTE 24. BorroWingS
Current

Unsecured:

– Bank overdraft 

– Bank loans1 

– Accrued interest on loan notes 

– Finance lease liabilities (Note 32) 

– Deferred consideration on acquisitions 

non-current

Unsecured:

– Bank loans1 

– Loan notes2 

– Finance lease liabilities (Note 32) 

36.7 

39.7 

14.3 

0.8 

– 

3.5 

43.7 

15.3 

1.6 

0.2 

91.5 

64.3  – 

– –

– –

– –

– –

– –

– –

2,012.5 

1,637.1 

5.0 –

425.0 

425.0 

2.0 

0.9 

– –

– –

2,439.5 

2,063.0   

5.0 –

Total borrowings 

2,531.0 

2,127.3 

5.0 –

1   Unsecured bank loans include the following: (i) revolving loans in various currencies priced off LIBOR and drawn under multi-currency global 
banking facilities with US$1,905.0 million drawn under banking facilities maturing November 2010 and US$103.1 million drawn under 
banking facilities maturing August 2012 and (ii) various regional banking facilities providing local currency funding to certain subsidiaries. 
Included in bank loans is a borrowing of US$79.8 million (2007: US$68.6 million) which has been designated as a hedge of the net 
investment in Brambles’ European subsidiaries and is being used to partially hedge Brambles’ exposure to foreign exchange risks on these 
investments.

2   Notes issued in respect of US$425.0 million US private placement in August 2004. The terms of the note are (i) Series A US$171.0 million 
5.39% Guaranteed Senior Unsecured Notes due 4 August 2011; (ii) Series B US$157.5 million 5.77% Guaranteed Senior Unsecured Notes 
due 4 August 2014; and (iii) Series C US$96.5 million 5.94% Guaranteed Senior Unsecured Notes due 4 August 2016.

Refer to Note 30 for financial instruments disclosures.

120  Brambles Limited 2008 Annual Report

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
a) Borrowing facilities and credit standby arrangements

Total facilities:

– Committed borrowing facilities 

– Loan notes 

– Credit standby/uncommitted arrangements 

Facilities used at reporting date:

– Committed borrowing facilities 

– Loan notes 

– Credit standby/uncommitted arrangements 

Facilities unused at reporting date:

– Committed borrowing facilities 

– Credit standby/uncommitted arrangements 

Total credit facilities by currency: 

– US dollar 

– Sterling 

– Euro 

– Other 

Consolidated

2008 
uS$m 

2007 
US$m 

3,647.5 

3,267.5

425.0 

162.0 

425.0

62.6

  4,234.5 

3,755.1

2,018.9 

1,646.3

425.0 

61.3 

425.0

34.3

2,505.2 

2,105.6

1,628.6 

1,621.2

100.7 

28.3

1,729.3 

1,649.5

2008 
million 

2007
million

US$ 

1,915.5 

1,595.3

£ 

€ 

US$ 

755.0 

459.0 

88.8 

745.0

426.1

82.5

Borrowing facilities are arranged by Brambles on behalf of its subsidiaries. Funding is generally sourced from relationship banks on a medium 
to long term basis. The expiry dates of committed facilities range out to calendar year 2012. The average term of maturity of these facilities 
and the US private placement notes is equivalent to 2.2 years (2007: 3.2 years). All facilities are structured on an unsecured, revolving basis 
and are guaranteed as described in Note 33a. Extension of each facility is normally pursued prior to the date of expiry.

Brambles Limited 2008 Annual Report  121

 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes to and forming part of the financial statements
for the year ended 30 June 2008 (continued)

noTE 24. BorroWingS (continued)
b) Borrowing facilities maturity profile

maturity 

2008

Less than 1 year 

1–2 years 

2–3 years 

3–4 years 

4–5 years 

Over 5 years 

2007

Less than 1 year 

1–2 years 

2–3 years 

3–4 years 

4–5 years 

Over 5 years 

Type 

  Consolidated 
Facilities  debt drawn1  Headroom
uS$m

uS$m 

uS$m 

Bank loans/overdrafts/finance leases   

679.2 

Bank loans/finance leases 

4.3 

63.9 

2.8 

615.3

1.5

Bank loans/finance leases 

2,975.6 

1,910.0 

1,065.6

Loan notes/finance leases 

Bank loans   

Loan notes   

171.4 

150.0 

254.0 

171.4 

103.1 

254.0 

–

46.9

–

  4,234.5  2,505.2 

1,729.3

Bank loans/overdrafts/finance leases   

Bank loans/finance leases 

Finance leases 

81.0 

830.0 

0.1 

40.0 

357.4 

0.1 

41.0

472.6

–

Bank loans/finance leases 

2,419.0 

1,283.1 

1,135.9

Loan notes   

Loan notes   

171.0 

254.0 

171.0 

254.0 

–

–

3,755.1 

2,105.6 

1,649.5

1   Debt drawn represents the principal value of loan notes and borrowings debited against the relevant facilities to reflect the correct amount of 
funding headroom. This amount may differ from the carrying amount of loan notes and borrowings measured on the basis of amortised cost 
as determined under the effective interest method.

122  Brambles Limited 2008 Annual Report

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
noTE 25. ProviSionS

At 1 July 2007

Current 

Non-current 

Charge to income statement:

– Additional provisions 

– Unused amounts reversed 

Utilisation of provision 

Acquisition of subsidiaries 

Unwinding of discount 

Currency variations 

At 30 June 2008 

Current 

Non-current 

Consolidated 

  Employee  Business  
disposals 
 entitlements 
uS$m 
uS$m 

other 
uS$m 

Total
uS$m

52.0 

3.4 

55.4 

38.2 

– 

21.7 

42.2 

63.9 

38.2 

0.1 

38.3 

111.9

45.7

157.6

3.9 

(4.4) 

0.8 

(3.0) 

42.9

(7.4)

(55.3) 

(18.8) 

(10.7) 

(84.8)

– 

– 

4.2 

42.5 

38.1 

4.4 

– 

– 

7.0 

1.3 

0.2 

3.0 

1.3

0.2

14.2

51.6   

29.9 

124.0

11.3 

40.3   

24.8 

5.1 

74.2

49.8

Employee entitlements provision comprises US$7.9 million (2007: US$6.4 million) for long service leave, US$1.8 million for phantom shares 
(2007: US$6.4 million) and US$32.8 million (2007: US$42.6 million) for other employee related obligations (other than those resulting from 
pension plans). None of these amounts related to phantom shares which had vested at reporting date. US$3.5 million (2007: US$3.0 million) 
of the long service leave provision has been recognised as current as it is expected to vest within one year from reporting date. The remaining 
balance of long service leave of US$4.4 million (2007: US$3.4 million) is expected to vest within the next two to ten years and has been 
discounted to present value.

Other provisions comprise nil (2007: US$2.9 million) for restructuring and Unification costs, US$3.3 million (2007: US$11.3 million) for 
litigation and customer disputes and US$26.6 million (2007: US$24.1 million) for other known exposures.

Brambles Limited 2008 Annual Report  123

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes to and forming part of the financial statements
for the year ended 30 June 2008 (continued)

noTE 26. rETirEmEnT BEnEFiT oBLigATionS
a) defined contribution plans
Brambles operates a number of defined contribution retirement benefit plans for qualifying employees. The assets of these plans are held 
in separately administered trusts or insurance policies. In some countries, Brambles’ employees are members of state-managed retirement 
benefit plans. Brambles is required to contribute a specified percentage of payroll costs to the retirement benefit plan to fund benefits. 
The only obligation of Brambles with respect to defined contribution retirement benefit plans is to make the specified contributions.

US$20.3 million (2007: US$14.7 million) representing contributions paid and payable to these plans by Brambles at rates specified in 
the rules of the plans relating to continuing operations has been recognised as an expense in the income statement.

b) defined benefit plans
Brambles operates a number of defined benefit pension plans. The majority of the plans are self-administered and the plans’ assets are 
held independently of Brambles’ finances. Under the plans, the employees are entitled to retirement benefits based upon a percentage 
of final salary. No other post-retirement benefits are provided. The plans are funded plans.

The plan assets and the present value of the defined benefit obligation recognised in Brambles’ balance sheet are based upon the most 
recent formal actuarial valuations which have been updated to 30 June 2008 by independent professionally qualified actuaries and take 
account of the requirements of AASB 119. The present value of the defined benefit obligation, the related current service cost and past 
service cost were measured using the projected unit credit method.

In addition to the principal defined benefit plans included in disclosures below, Brambles has a number of other arrangements in several 
countries that are either defined benefit pension plans or have certain defined benefit characteristics. Each of these arrangements has 
been assessed as immaterial separately and in aggregate and they have not been subjected to an independent AASB 119 valuation.

c) Balance sheet amounts

The amounts recognised in Brambles’ balance sheet in respect of defined benefit plans were as follows:

Present value of defined benefit obligations 

Fair value of plan assets 

Net liability recognised in the balance sheet  

Consolidated
2008 
uS$m 

2007
US$m

242.5 

216.8

(179.1) 

(187.2)

63.4 

29.6

Brambles has no legal obligation to settle this liability with an immediate contribution or additional one-off contributions. Brambles 
intends to continue to make contributions to the plans at the rates recommended by the funds’ actuaries. Refer Note 26(i).

124  Brambles Limited 2008 Annual Report

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
d) income statement amounts
The amounts recognised in Brambles’ income statement in respect of defined benefit plans were as follows:

Current service cost 

Interest cost 

Expected return on plan assets 

Net benefit expense included in employment cost (Note 7) 

e) Statement of recognised income and expense amounts
Actuarial gains and losses reported in the statement of recognised income and expense were as follows:

Actuarial (losses)/gains recognised during the year:

– Continuing operations 

– Discontinued operations 

Cumulative actuarial (losses)/gains recognised 

f) defined benefit obligation
Changes in the present value of the defined benefit obligation were as follows:

At 1 July 

Current service cost 

Interest cost 

Contributions from plan members 

Actuarial gains and losses 

Currency variations 

Benefits paid 

Disposal of subsidiaries 

At 30 June 

Consolidated
2008 
uS$m 

2007
US$m

4.9 

12.7 

6.6

12.1

(13.0) 

(11.0)

4.6 

7.7

(34.5) 

– 

(34.5) 

33.3

(33.4)

(0.1)

(9.5) 

25.0

216.8 

602.1

4.9 

12.7 

0.9 

13.9 

(1.9) 

(4.8) 

6.6

12.1

1.0

17.2

32.6

(16.1)

– 

(438.7)

242.5 

216.8

A number of the defined benefit pension arrangements are closed to new entrants. Under the projected unit method, the current service 
cost of these arrangements will increase as a percentage of payroll as the members of the plan approach retirement.

Brambles Limited 2008 Annual Report  125

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
Notes to and forming part of the financial statements
for the year ended 30 June 2008 (continued)

noTE 26. rETirEmEnT BEnEFiT oBLigATionS (continued)
g) Plan assets
Assets held in the plans fell within the following categories:

Equities 

Bonds 

Insurance bonds 

Cash 

Other 

Changes in the fair value of the plan assets were as follows:

At 1 July 

Expected return on plan assets 

Actuarial gains and losses 

Currency variations 

Contributions from the sponsoring employers 

Contributions from plan members 

Benefits paid 

Disposal of subsidiaries 

At 30 June 

The actual return on plan assets was US$(7.8) million (2007: US$28.2 million).

2008 
  Fair value 
uS$m 

86.2 

31.5 

8.4 

19.1 

33.9 

Consolidated 

2007 
Fair value 
US$m 

112.0 

21.4 

6.9 

11.9 

35.0 

% 

48.1 

17.6 

4.7 

10.7 

18.9 

179.1 

100.0   

187.2 

2008 
uS$m 

187.2 

13.0 

(20.7) 

(4.9) 

8.4 

0.9 

%

59.8

11.4

3.7

6.4

18.7

100.0

2007 
US$m

453.1

11.0

17.2

26.9

11.9

1.0

(4.8) 

(16.1)

– 

(317.8)

179.1 

187.2

126  Brambles Limited 2008 Annual Report

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
h) Principal actuarial assumptions
Principal actuarial assumptions (expressed as weighted averages) used in determining Brambles’ defined benefit obligations were:
Europe 
other  
than uk 

uk 

At 30 June 2008

Rate of increase in salaries 

Rate of increase in pensions 

Discount rate 

Retail price inflation 

Return on equities 

Return on bonds 

Return on cash 

At 30 June 2007

Rate of increase in salaries 

Rate of increase in pensions 

Discount rate 

Retail price inflation 

Return on equities 

Return on bonds 

Return on cash 

5.2% 

4.0% 

6.1% 

4.2% 

8.3% 

6.6% 

5.0% 

4.9% 

3.3% 

5.8% 

3.6% 

8.0% 

6.0% 

4.5%   

4.0% 

3.5% 

5.9% 

2.5% 

7.8% 

4.9% 

3.0% 

3.8% 

3.0% 

5.4% 

2.1% 

7.8% 

4.6% 

2.5% 

South 
Africa

8.0%

8.0%

10.5%

8.0%

13.5%

11.0%

9.0%

5.0%

5.5%

8.0%

5.5%

10.0%

8.0%

8.0%

Assumptions about mortality are made using actuarial tables, for example 115% of standard table PA00 based on members’ years of birth 
and incorporating the medium cohort projections of longevity improvements for the UK schemes. Using these tables, the life expectancy of 
a UK pensioner aged 65 today would be 89 years for both men and women.

The expected return on plan assets is based on market expectations at the beginning of the period for returns over the entire life of the 
benefit obligation.

i) Employer contributions
During the year, employer contributions to the main defined benefit plans ranged between 11% and 17% of pensionable pay.

The obligation to contribute to the various defined benefit plans is covered by trust deeds and/or legislation. Funding levels and 
contributions for these plans are based on regular actuarial advice. Comprehensive actuarial valuations are made at no more than 
three yearly intervals. Additional annual contributions of US$4.2 million (2007: US$3.9 million) are being paid to remove the 
identified deficits over a period of 7.5 years.

Contributions paid to the plans during 2008 were US$8.4 million (2007: US$11.9 million) of which nil (2007: US$3.0 million) related 
to discontinued operations. It is estimated that the amount of contributions to be paid to the plans during 2009 will be US$8.7 million.

j) Historical summary
The history of experience adjustments is as follows:

– On plan liabilities 

– On plan assets 

Information for years prior to 2005 is not available.

2008 
uS$m 

(13.8) 

(20.6) 

Consolidated 

2007 
US$m 

16.3 

17.2   

2006  
US$m  

4.3 

31.1 

2005 
US$m 

47.4

38.2

Brambles Limited 2008 Annual Report  127

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes to and forming part of the financial statements
for the year ended 30 June 2008 (continued)

noTE 27. ConTriBuTEd EQuiTy

Parent entity

Total ordinary shares, of no par value, issued and fully paid:

At 1 July 2006 

Issued on Unification on 4 December 2006  

Issued during the year on the exercise of options 

Shares purchased on-market and cancelled  

At 30 June 2007 

At 1 July 2007 

Issued during the year on the exercise of options 

Shares purchased on-market and cancelled  

At 30 June 2008 

Consolidated

Total ordinary shares, of no par value, issued and fully paid:

At 1 July 2006 

Issued on incorporation of Brambles Limited 

Created on Unification 

Bought-back under the Cash Alternative 

Issued on the exercise of options 

Purchased on-market and cancelled post Unification 

Exchange fluctuations on translation 

At 30 June 2007 

At 1 July 2007 

Issued on the exercise of options 

Purchased on-market and cancelled  

At 30 June 2008 

Shares  

uS$m

2   

–

1,552,676,321   

  15,526.7

4,345,716   

(141,536,975) 

20.8

(1,484.7)

1,415,485,064   

  14,062.8

1,415,485,064 

  14,062.8

10,475,382   

(42,409,560)  

52.3

(336.5)

1,383,550,886   

  13,778.6

1,624,631,252   

2   

–   

(93,863,994)  

26,254,779   

(141,536,975)  

– 

957.2

–

  14,435.5

–

94.5

(1,484.7)

60.3

1,415,485,064   

  14,062.8

1,415,485,064 

  14,062.8

10,475,382   

(42,409,560)  

52.3

(336.5)

1,383,550,886 

  13,778.6

Ordinary shares of Brambles Limited entitle the holder to participate in dividends and the proceeds on any winding up of the Company 
in proportion to the number of shares held.

128  Brambles Limited 2008 Annual Report

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
noTE 28. SHArE-BASEd PAymEnTS
On Unification, options and performance share rights over BIL and BIP shares held by employees and former employees were cancelled and 
replaced by options and performance share rights over Brambles Limited shares on substantially similar terms. This has been accounted for 
as a modification without incremental value under AASB 2: Share-based Payments and did not result in any additional remuneration expense.

The Remuneration Report sets out details relating to the employee option plans (pages 73 to 74), together with details of options and 
performance share rights issued to Directors (page 66). Options and performance share rights granted by Brambles do not result 
in an entitlement to participate in share issues of any other corporation.

Set out below are summaries of options and performance share rights granted under the plans.

a) grants over BiL shares pre-unification, now over Brambles Limited shares

Exercise 
price 
A$ 

Balance 
at 1 July 

granted 
during 
the year 

2008 

grant date 

Expiry date 

options

7 Aug 2001 

1 Jul 2008 

19 Dec 2001 

19 Dec 2007 

18 Jan 2002 

18 Jul 2007 

2 Apr 2002 

2 Apr 2008 

5 Sep 2002 

5 Sep 2008 

18 Nov 2002 

18 May 2008 

6 Mar 2003 

6 Mar 2009 

25 Jun 2003 

25 Dec 2008 

10 Sep 2003 

10 Sep 2009 

14 Oct 2003 

14 Oct 2009 

4 Mar 2004 

4 Mar 2010 

27 May 2004 

27 Nov 2007 

27 Jun 2005 

27 Dec 2008 

Total options 

Performance share rights

7 Aug 2001 

7 Aug 2007 

7 Aug 2001 

7 Aug 2007 

19 Dec 2001 

19 Dec 2007 

2 Apr 2002 

2 Apr 2008 

5 Sep 2002 

5 Sep 2008 

6 Mar 2003 

6 Mar 2009 

10 Sep 2003 

10 Sep 2009 

4 Mar 2004 

4 Mar 2010 

24 Nov 2004 

4 Mar 2010 

8 Sep 2004 

8 Sep 2010 

4 Apr 2005 

5 April 2011 

21 Oct 2005 

22 Oct 2011 

Total performance share rights 

Total  

11.24 

9.63 

10.41 

9.51 

7.08 

6.09 

4.32 

4.74 

4.75 

4.66 

5.31 

5.63 

8.20 

– 

– 

– 

– 

– 

– 

– 

– 

– 

– 

– 

– 

278,300 

12,434 

410,064 

19,128 

2,331,673 

349,616 

61,188 

432,815 

1,063,258 

665,398 

218,744 

1,691,425 

1,606,346 

9,140,389 

49,230 

133,472 

34,735 

951 

285,451 

5,894 

266,380 

183,776 

44,581 

3,432,576 

16,152 

2,758,494 

7,211,692 

16,352,081 

–

–

–

–

–

–

326,824

122,590

–

155,586

–

Exercised 
during 
the year 

– 

– 

(247,017) 

– 

Forfeited 
during 
the year 

Balance
at 30 June

– 

278,300

(12,434) 

(163,047) 

(19,128) 

(900,083) 

(1,431,590) 

(307,316) 

– 

(105,991) 

(890,368) 

(665,398) 

(63,158) 

(42,300) 

(61,188) 

– 

(50,300) 

– 

– 

(1,517,926) 

(173,499) 

(151,276) 

(2,564) 

1,452,506

(4,848,533) 

(1,956,050) 

2,335,806

– 

– 

(16,745) 

(951) 

(98,670) 

(4,375) 

(240,009) 

(183,776) 

(33,982) 

(49,230) 

(133,472) 

(17,990) 

– 

(182,352) 

(1,519) 

(7,302) 

– 

– 

(3,294,230) 

(52,947) 

(16,152) 

– 

–

–

–

–

4,429

–

19,069

–

10,599

85,399

–

(258,632) 

(237,007) 

2,262,855

(4,147,522) 

(681,819) 

2,382,351

(8,996,055) 

(2,637,869) 

4,718,157

5.93 

7.10 

7.70

– 

– 

– 

– 

– 

– 

– 

– 

– 

– 

– 

– 

– 

– 

– 

– 

– 

– 

– 

– 

– 

– 

– 

– 

– 

– 

– 

– 

– 

Weighted average exercise price of options  A$ 

6.64 

There were 1,261,908 options and 121,155 performance share rights exercisable at 30 June 2008.

Brambles Limited 2008 Annual Report  129

 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes to and forming part of the financial statements
for the year ended 30 June 2008 (continued)

noTE 28. SHArE-BASEd PAymEnTS (continued)

Balance 
at 1 July 

granted 
during  
the year  

Exercised 
during  
the year 

Forfeited 
during  
the year 

Balance
at 30 June

2007 (summarised)

Total options  

Total performance share rights 

Total over BIL shares 

Weighted average exercise price  
of options over BIL shares 

30,216,234 

13,364,272 

43,580,506 

A$ 

6.36 

– 

– 

– 

– 

Weighted average share price at the date of exercise 

Weighted average remaining contractual life at 30 June 

(17,687,660) 

(3,388,185) 

(4,104,936) 

(2,047,644) 

9,140,389

7,211,692

(21,792,596) 

(5,435,829) 

16,352,081

5.69 

9.14 

A$ 

years 

2008 

12.73 

2.0 

6.64

2007

11.57

2.2

b) grants over BiP shares pre-unification, now over Brambles Limited shares

2008 

grant date 

Expiry date 

options

Exercise 
price 
 £ 

Balance 
at 1 July 

granted 
during  
the year  

Exercised 
during  
the year 

Forfeited 
during  
the year 

Balance
at 30 June

5 Sep 2002 

5 Sep 2008 

10 Sep 2003 

10 Sep 2009 

4 Mar 2004 

4 Mar 2010 

2.33 

1.72 

2.11 

Total options 

Performance share rights

19 Dec 2001 

19 Dec 2007 

2 Apr 2002 

2 Apr 2008 

5 Sep 2002 

5 Sep 2008 

10 Sep 2003 

10 Sep 2009 

4 Mar 2004 

4 Mar 2010 

8 Sep 2004 

9 Sep 2010 

21 Oct 2005 

22 Oct 2011 

Total performance share rights 

Total  

– 

– 

– 

– 

– 

– 

– 

727,483 

286,194 

218,744 

1,232,421 

9,187 

951 

98,693 

66,603 

44,581 

1,188,980 

1,048,482 

2,457,477 

3,689,898 

Weighted average exercise price of options   £  

2.15 

– 

– 

– 

– 

– 

– 

– 

– 

– 

– 

– 

– 

– 

– 

(131,835) 

(595,648) 

(90,084) 

(63,158) 

– 

– 

(285,077) 

(595,648) 

(9,187) 

(951) 

(72,051) 

(47,919) 

(33,982) 

(1,077,650) 

(53,800) 

– 

– 

(21,172) 

(5,509) 

– 

(45,057) 

(74,877) 

–

196,110

155,586

351,696

–

–

5,470

13,175

10,599

66,273

919,805

(1,295,540) 

(146,615) 

1,015,322

(1,580,617) 

(742,263) 

1,367,018

2.09 

2.33 

1.89

There were 351,696 options and 97,176 performance share rights exercisable at 30 June 2008.

130  Brambles Limited 2008 Annual Report

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Balance 
at 1 July 

granted 
during 
the year 

Exercised 
during 
the year 

Forfeited 
during 
the year 

Balance
at 30 June

2.15

2007

5.37

2.9

Balance
at 30 June

2,041,506

2,210,790

28,406

36,365

125,250

2007 (summarised)

Total options  

Total performance share rights 

Total over BIP shares 

Weighted average exercise price  
of options over BIP shares 

7,608,644 

5,854,936 

13,463,580 

£  

2.12 

– 

– 

– 

– 

Weighted average share price at the date of exercise 

Weighted average remaining contractual life at 30 June 

c) grants over Brambles Limited shares issued subsequent to unification

(4,180,499) 

(2,195,724) 

(2,131,811) 

(1,265,648) 

1,232,421

2,457,477

(6,312,310) 

(3,461,372) 

3,689,898

1.86 

£ 

years 

2.61 

2008 

5.85 

2.7 

2008 

grant date 

Expiry date 

Performance share rights

19 Jan 2007 

31 Aug 2012 

29 Aug 2007 

30 Aug 2013 

26 Feb 2008 

2 Dec 2013 

19 Mar 2008 

2 Mar 2014 

28 Apr 2008 

29 Apr 2014 

Exercise 
 price 

Balance 
at 1 July 

granted 
during  
the year  

Exercised 
during  
the year 

Forfeited 
during  
the year 

– 

– 

– 

– 

– 

2,588,281 

– 

– 

– 

– 

– 

2,316,576 

28,406 

36,365 

125,250 

(226,112) 

(4,763) 

(320,663) 

(101,023) 

– 

– 

– 

– 

– 

– 

Total performance share rights 

2,588,281 

2,506,597 

(230,875) 

(421,686) 

4,442,317

There were 2,112 performance share rights exercisable at 30 June 2008.

2007 (summarised)

Total performance share rights 

Weighted average fair value of grants during the year  

Weighted average share price at the date of exercise   

Weighted average remaining contractual life at 30 June 

Balance 
at 1 July 

granted 
during 
the year 

Exercised 
during 
the year 

Forfeited 
during 
the year 

Balance
at 30 June

– 

2,764,530 

(93,304) 

(82,945) 

2,588,281

A$ 

A$ 

years 

  2008 

10.03 

11.41 

4.6 

2007

9.43

12.75

5.2

There were no grants, 132,643 exercises and 1,771,882 forfeits in options and performance share rights over Brambles Limited shares 
between the end of the financial year and 19 August 2008.

Brambles Limited 2008 Annual Report  131

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes to and forming part of the financial statements
for the year ended 30 June 2008 (continued)

noTE 28. SHArE-BASEd PAymEnTS (continued)
d) Fair value calculations
The fair value of equity-settled options and performance share rights was determined as at grant date, using a binomial valuation methodology.
The values calculated do not take into account the probability of options and performance share rights being forfeited prior to vesting, as a 
probability adjustment is made when computing the share-based payment expense.

The significant inputs into the valuation models for the equity-settled grants made during the year were:

Weighted average share price 

Expected volatility 

Expected life 

Annual risk-free interest rate 

Expected dividend yield 

2008 

2007
  A$ grants  A$ grants

  A$13.18  A$13.35

22% 

22%

2.8–3.0 years  2.6 years

5.94–6.77% 

   2.2–3.5% 

6.1%

2.2%

The expected volatility was determined based on a two-year historic volatility of Brambles’ share prices.

e) Share-based payment expense – continuing operations
Brambles recognised a total expense of US$18.0 million (2007: US$20.0 million) relating to share-based payments for continuing operations. 
Of this amount, US$2.3 million (2007: US$2.2 million) related to phantom shares.

noTE 29. rESErvES And rETAinEd EArningS

Reserves 

Retained earnings 

Minority interests in reserves and retained earnings 

2008 
uS$m 

2007
US$m

  (14,671.5)  (14,881.5)

2,436.1 

2,241.1

   (12,235.4)  (12,640.4)

0.3 

0.3

132  Brambles Limited 2008 Annual Report

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
a) movements in reserves and retained earnings – Consolidated

  reserves 
Foreign 
currency 

Share- 
based 

Hedging  payments  translation  unification 
uS$m 

uS$m 

uS$m 

uS$m 

year ended 30 June 2007

Opening balance 

Actuarial gains on defined benefit plans 

Foreign exchange differences 

Cash flow hedges: 

– Fair value gains/(losses)  

– Tax on fair value gains 

– Transfers to net profit 

– Tax on transfers to net profit 

Share-based payments: 

– Expense recognised during the year 

– Shares issued 

– Tax on expense recognised during the year 

Buy-back of ordinary shares 

Created on Unification 

Dividends paid 

FCTR on entities disposed taken to profit 

Net profit for the year 

Closing balance 

year ended 30 June 2008

Opening balance 

Adjustment for AASB 117 Leases (Recall USA)1 

Actuarial loss on defined benefit plans 

Foreign exchange differences 

Cash flow hedges:

– Fair value gains/(losses)  

– Tax on fair value gains 

– Transfers to net profit 

Share-based payments:

– Expense recognised during the year 

– Shares issued 

– Tax on expense recognised during the year 

Buy-back of ordinary shares 

Dividends paid 

Net profit for the year 

Closing balance 

5.1 

48.4 

245.6 

– 

62.4 

– 

– 

– 

– 

– 

– 

– 

(42.8) 

– 

– 

(0.2) 

0.1 

(5.0) 

1.8 

– 

– 

– 

– 

– 

– 

– 

– 

– 

– 

– 

– 

– 

– 

20.8 

(18.9) 

11.3 

– 

– 

– 

– 

– 

–  (15,385.8) 

– 

8.4 

– 

– 

– 

– 

– 

– 

– 

– 

– 

– 

– 

– 

– 

– 

– 

  retained
earnings
uS$m

other 
uS$m 

158.4 

1,534.4

– 

8.9 

– 

– 

– 

– 

– 

– 

– 

– 

– 

– 

– 

– 

3.9

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

(588.5)

–

1,291.3

1.8 

61.6 

273.6  (15,385.8) 

167.3 

2,241.1

1.8 

61.6 

273.6  (15,385.8) 

167.3 

2,241.1

– 

– 

0.2 

(3.8) 

1.7 

(0.1) 

– 

– 

– 

– 

– 

– 

– 

– 

– 

– 

– 

– 

14.8 

(13.9) 

3.3 

– 

– 

263.3 

– 

– 

– 

– 

– 

– 

– 

– 

– 

(55.5) 

– 

– 

– 

– 

– 

– 

– 

– 

– 

– 

– 

– 

– 

– 

– 

– 

– 

– 

– 

– 

– 

– 

– 

– 

– 

– 

(2.5)

(27.1)

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

(424.1)

648.7

(0.2) 

65.8 

481.4  (15,385.8)  

167.3  2,436.1

1   Upon transition to AIFRS on 1 July 2005, an adjustment was made to comply with AASB 117: Leases, which requires operating leases with 
a fixed rental increase to be amortised on a straight line basis over the life of the lease. Upon completion of a review of leases during first 
half 2008, a further adjustment for fixed rental increases has been made to increase other liabilities by US$4.1 million, increase deferred tax 
assets by US$1.6 million and decrease opening retained earnings by US$2.5 million. The impact on profit for 2007 was not material and 
therefore prior year comparatives have not been amended.

Brambles Limited 2008 Annual Report  133

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes to and forming part of the financial statements
for the year ended 30 June 2008 (continued)

noTE 29. rESErvES And rETAinEd EArningS (continued)
b) movements in reserves and retained earnings – Parent entity

reserves 

Share- 
based 

Foreign 

  payments  translation 
uS$m 

uS$m 

currency  retained
earnings
uS$m

year ended 30 June 2007

Opening balance 

Foreign exchange differences 

Share-based payments: 

–Shares to be issued 

Buy-back of ordinary shares 

Net profit for the year 

Closing balance 

year ended 30 June 2008

Opening balance 

Foreign exchange differences 

Share-based payments: 

–Shares to be issued 

Buy-back of ordinary shares 

Dividends paid 

Net profit for the year 

Closing balance 

– 

– 

– 

1,209.6 

11.9 

– 

– 

– 

(42.8) 

– 

11.9    1,166.8 

–

–

–

–

255.7

255.7

11.9 

1,166.8 

255.7

– 

2,003.1 

12.7 

– 

– 

– 

– 

(55.5) 

– 

– 

24.6    3,114.4 

–

–

–

(424.1)

571.1

402.7

As a result of Unification, Brambles Limited is only permitted to declare dividends out of profits generated by it subsequent to 
4 December 2006.

c) nature and purpose of reserves
Hedging reserve
This comprises the cumulative portion of the gain or loss of cash flow hedges that are determined to be effective hedges. Amounts 
are recognised in the income statement when the associated hedged transaction is recognised or the hedge or a portion thereof 
becomes ineffective.

Share-based payments reserve
This comprises the cumulative share-based payment expense recognised in the income statement in relation to options and performance 
share rights issued but not yet exercised. Refer to Note 28 for further details.

Foreign currency translation reserve
This comprises cumulative exchange differences arising from the translation of the financial statements of foreign subsidiaries, net of qualifying 
net investment hedges. The relevant accumulated balance is recognised in the income statement on disposal of a foreign subsidiary.

unification reserve
As described in Note 13, on Unification Brambles Limited issued shares on a one-for-one basis to those BIL and BIP shareholders who did 
not elect to participate in the Cash Alternative. The Unification reserve of US$15,385.8 million represents the difference between the Brambles 
Limited share capital measured at fair value on 4 December 2006, and the carrying value of the share capital of BIL and BIP at that date.

other
This comprises the merger reserve created at the time of the formation of the DLC, following internal reorganisations within BIP, and the 
capital redemption reserve created in 2006 as a result of the cancellation of BIP shares.

134  Brambles Limited 2008 Annual Report

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
noTE 30. FinAnCiAL riSk mAnAgEmEnT
Brambles is exposed to a variety of financial risks: market risk (including the effect of fluctuations in interest rates and exchange rates), liquidity 
risk and credit risk.

Brambles’ overall risk management program focuses on the unpredictability of financial markets and seeks to minimise potential adverse effects 
on the financial performance of Brambles.

Brambles uses standard derivative financial instruments to manage its risk exposure in the normal course of business. Brambles does not trade 
in financial instruments for speculative purposes. Hedging activities are conducted through Brambles’ Treasury department on a centralised 
basis in accordance with Board policies and guidelines through standard operating procedures and delegated authorities.

Policies with respect to financial risk management and hedging activities are discussed below and should be read in conjunction with detailed 
information contained in the Financial Review on pages 42 to 43.

a) Fair values
Set out below is a comparison by category of the carrying amounts and fair values of financial instruments recognised in the balance sheet. 
With the exception of loans and receivables, all other financial assets are classified as financial assets at fair value through profit or loss.

Financial assets

– Cash at bank and in hand (Note 14)  

– Short term deposits (Note 14)  

– Trade receivables (Note 15)  

– Interest rate swaps (Note 17)  

– Forward foreign currency contracts (Note 17)  

Financial liabilities

– Trade payables (Note 23)  

– Bank overdrafts (Note 24)  

– Bank loans (Note 24)  

– Loan notes (Note 24)  

– Finance lease liabilities (Note 24)  

– Deferred consideration on acquisitions (Note 24) 

– Interest rate swaps (Note 17)  

– Forward foreign currency contracts (Note 17)  

Financial assets

– Cash at bank and in hand (Note 14)  

– Receivables from subsidiaries (Note 15)  

Financial liabilities

– Payables to subsidiaries (Note 23)  

– Bank loans (Note 24)  

  Consolidated 

Carrying amount 
2008 
uS$m 

2007 
US$m 

Fair value

2008  
uS$m  

2007 
US$m 

62.8 

42.0 

112.8 

17.6 

62.8 

42.0 

524.8 

531.1 

524.8 

7.4 

1.3 

4.4 

4.2   

7.4 

1.3 

112.8

17.6

531.1

4.4

4.2

341.0 

302.2 

341.0 

302.2

36.7 

3.5 

36.7 

3.5

2,052.2 

1,680.8 

2,052.2 

1,680.8

439.3 

440.3 

438.2 

423.3

2.8 

– 

8.5 

0.2 

2.5 

0.2 

0.5 

– 

2.8 

– 

8.5 

0.2 –

2.5

0.2

0.5

  Parent entity 

Carrying amount 
2008 
uS$m 

2007 
US$m 

Fair value

2008  
uS$m  

2007 
US$m 

5.4 

0.6 

5.4 

0.6

  14,883.6  12,234.2    14,883.6  12,234.2

4,487.4 

2,850.7 

4,487.4 

2,850.7

5.0 

– 

5.0 –

For forward foreign exchange contracts, the net fair value is taken to be the unrealised gain or loss at balance date calculated by reference to 
the current forward rates for contracts with similar maturity dates. Fair value for other financial assets and liabilities has been calculated by 
discounting future cash flows at prevailing interest rates for the relevant yield curve.

Brambles Limited 2008 Annual Report  135

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes to and forming part of the financial statements
for the year ended 30 June 2008 (continued)

noTE 30. FinAnCiAL riSk mAnAgEmEnT (continued)
b) market risk
Brambles has the following risk policies in place with respect to market risk.

interest rate risk
Brambles’ exposure to potential volatility in finance costs, predominantly US and Australian dollars, is managed by maintaining a mix of fixed 
and floating-rate instruments within select target bands over defined periods. In most cases, interest rate derivatives are used to achieve these 
targets synthetically.

The following table sets out the financial instruments exposed to interest rate risk at reporting date:

Financial assets (floating rate)

Cash at bank 

Short term deposits 

Receivables from subsidiaries 

Weighted average effective interest rate 

Financial liabilities (floating rate)

Bank overdrafts 

Bank loans 

Interest rate swaps (notional value) 

Payables to subsidiaries 

Net exposure to cash flow interest rate risk 

Weighted average effective interest rate 

Financial liabilities (fixed rate)

Loan notes 

Finance lease liabilities 

Deferred consideration on acquisitions 

Interest rate swaps (notional value) 

Net exposure to fair value interest rate risk 

Weighted average effective interest rate 

Consolidated 

2008 
uS$m 

2007 
US$m 

Parent entity
2008 
uS$m 

2007
US$m

 62.8  

 112.8  

 5.4  

 0.6 

 42.0  

 17.6  

– –

– 

–  14,883.6  12,234.2

 104.8  

 130.4   14,889.0  12,234.8

3.8% 

3.0%   

7.9% 

6.8%

 36.7  

 3.5  

– –

 2,052.2  

 1,680.8  

 5.0  –

(738.9) 

(505.6) 

– –

– 

– 

4,487.4 

2,850.7

 1,350.0  

 1,178.7   4,492.4 

2,850.7

5.7% 

5.7%   

7.9% 

6.8%

 439.3  

 440.3  

 2.8  

– 

 2.5  

 0.2  

 738.9  

 505.6  

 1,181.0  

 948.6  

5.7% 

5.8% 

– –

– –

– –

– –

– –

– –

interest rate swaps – cash flow hedges
Brambles enters into various interest rate risk management transactions for the purpose of managing finance costs to achieve more stable and 
predictable finance expense results. The instruments primarily used are interest rate swaps and caps.

During 2008, Brambles entered into or maintained interest rate swap transactions with various banks hedging variable rate borrowings in 
US and Australian dollars. The purpose of the interest rate swaps was to hedge variable interest expense under borrowings against rising 
interest rates. Interest rate swaps achieve this by synthetically converting the variable interest rate payment into a fixed interest liability 
on the dates on which interest is payable on the underlying debt. The fair value of these contracts at reporting date was US$(1.1) million 
(2007: US$3.9 million).

The terms of the contracts have been negotiated to match the projected drawdowns and rollovers of variable rate bank debt.

136  Brambles Limited 2008 Annual Report

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
The gain or loss from re-measuring the interest rate swaps at fair value is deferred and recognised in the hedging reserve in equity, 
to the extent that the hedge is effective, and reclassified into profit and loss when the hedged interest expense is recognised. Any 
ineffective portion is charged to the income statement. For 2008 and 2007, all interest rate swaps were effective hedging instruments.

Sensitivity analysis
The following table sets out the sensitivity of Brambles’ financial assets and financial liabilities to interest rate risk applying the following 
assumptions which are considered reasonably possible based on historic movements, future expectations and economic forecasts:

Consolidated

US dollar interest rates 

Australian dollar interest rates 

Sterling interest rates 

Euro interest rates 

Impact on profit after tax 

Impact on equity 

  i

nterest rate risk 

2008 
lower rates  higher rates 

2007
  lower rates  higher rates

–150 bps  +150 bps 

  –150 bps  +150 bps

–100 bps  +100 bps 

  –100 bps  +100 bps

–75 bps  +75 bps 

–75 bps  +75 bps

–50 bps  +50 bps 

–50 bps  +50 bps

uS$m 

uS$m 

US$m 

US$m

10.2 

(6.3) 

(10.2)   

5.7 

13.1 

(5.3) 

(13.1)

3.8

Based on financial instruments held at 30 June 2008, if interest rates were to parallel shift by the basis points in the different currencies noted 
above with all other variables held constant, profit after tax for the year would have been US$10.2 million higher or US$10.2 million lower 
(2007: US$13.1 million higher or US$13.1 million lower), mainly as a result of lower/higher interest expense on bank borrowings. The impact 
on equity would have been US$6.3 million lower or US$5.7 million higher (2007: US$5.3 million lower or US$3.8 million higher) mainly as 
a result of the incremental movement through the hedging reserve relating to the effective portion of cash flow hedges. Given its geographically 
diverse operations, Brambles has interest rate exposure positions against a variety of currencies, but predominantly US dollar, Australian dollar, 
sterling and euro.

Due to the financial restructuring arising from Unification which materially impacted the level and mix of borrowings, cash and other financial 
instruments throughout 2007, the sensitivity results for 2007 which are based on market risks applying at reporting date are not considered 
representative of the exposures held throughout the reporting period.

Parent entity

Australian dollar interest rates 

Impact on profit after tax 

Impact on equity 

  i

nterest rate risk 

2008 
lower rates  higher rates 

2007
  lower rates  higher rates

–100 bps  +100 bps 

–100 bps  +100 bps

uS$m 

(72.8) 

– 

uS$m 

72.8 

– 

US$m 

US$m

(65.5) 

65.5

– 

–

Based on financial instruments held at 30 June 2008, if interest rates were to parallel shift by –/+ 100 basis points with all other variables held 
constant, profit after tax for the year for the parent entity would have been US$72.8 million lower/higher (2007: US$65.5 million lower/higher), 
mainly as a result of lower/higher interest income/(expense) on interest bearing loans to/from subsidiaries. The intercompany loans to/from the 
parent entity are denominated in Australian dollars.

Brambles Limited 2008 Annual Report  137

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
    
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
Notes to and forming part of the financial statements
for the year ended 30 June 2008 (continued)

noTE 30. FinAnCiAL riSk mAnAgEmEnT (continued)
b) market risk (continued)
Foreign exchange risk
Exposure to foreign exchange risk generally arises in transactions affecting either the value of transactions translated back to the functional 
currency of a subsidiary or affecting the value of assets and liabilities of overseas subsidiaries when translated back to the Group’s reporting 
currency. Foreign exchange hedging is used when a transaction exposure exceeds certain thresholds and as soon as a defined exposure arises.

Currency profile
The following table sets out the currency mix profile of Brambles’ financial instruments at reporting date:

Consolidated 

2008

Financial assets

– Cash at bank and in hand 

– Short term deposits 

– Interest rate swaps 

– Forward foreign currency contracts 

Financial liabilities

– Bank overdrafts 

– Bank loans 

– Loan notes 

– Finance lease liabilities 

– Interest rate swaps 

– Forward foreign currency contracts 

– Net investment hedge 

2007

Financial assets

– Cash at bank and in hand 

– Short term deposits 

– Interest rate swaps 

– Forward foreign currency contracts 

Financial liabilities

– Bank overdrafts 

– Bank loans 

– Loan notes 

– Finance lease liabilities 

– Deferred consideration on acquisitions 

– Interest rate swaps 

uS 
dollar 
uS$m 

Aust 
dollar 
uS$m 

Sterling 
uS$m 

Euro 
uS$m 

other 
uS$m 

Total
uS$m

11.7 

10.3 

– 

3.4 

1.8 

16.9 

– 

4.0 

191.6 

205.9 

– 

– 

1,015.4 

768.1 

439.3 

0.5 

8.5 

101.1 

– 

– 

– 

– 

5.3 

– 

– 

– 

– 

0.6 

0.6 

15.9 

20.0 

– 

– 

– 

39.6 

17.1 

2.1 

– 

42.2 

61.4 

17.0 

2.1 

– 

1.8 

– 

0.1 

23.7 

39.9 

– 

5.5 

69.1 

62.8

42.0

7.4

241.7

353.9

3.8 

36.7

166.8 

1,972.4

– 

439.3

0.5 

– 

2.8

8.5

94.5 

240.6

– 

79.8 

– 

79.8

1,564.8 

773.4 

75.5 

100.8 

265.6 

2,780.1

11.6 

– 

3.8 

– 

15.4 

– 

– 

0.6 

127.6 

128.2 

– 

2.5 

1,061.7 

434.5 

440.3 

0.3 

– 

– 

– 

– 

0.2 

0.5 

5.6 

36.4 

– 

– 

0.5 

6.1 

– 

– 

– 

– 

– 

– 

– 

– 

685.4 

721.8 

– 

– 

– 

1.5 

– 

– 

– 

59.2 

17.6 

– 

14.1 

90.9 

112.8

17.6

4.4

827.6

962.4

1.0 

3.5

116.0 

1,612.2

– 

0.7 

– 

– 

15.7 

– 

440.3

2.5

0.2

0.5

823.4

68.6

– Forward foreign currency contracts 

111.4 

96.2 

600.1 

– Net investment hedge 

– 

– 

– 

68.6 

Parent entity
The parent entity’s financial instruments are all denominated in Australian dollars.

1,613.7 

533.9 

600.1 

70.1   

133.4 

2,951.2

138  Brambles Limited 2008 Annual Report

   
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
Forward foreign exchange contracts – cash flow hedges
Brambles enters into forward foreign exchange contracts to hedge currency exposures arising from normal commercial transactions involving 
the purchase and sale of equipment and services and other corporate expenditure and receipts.

During 2008, Brambles had entered into forward foreign exchange transactions with various banks in a variety of cross-currencies for terms 
ranging up to six months. Most contracts create an obligation on Brambles to take receipt of or deliver a foreign currency which is used to 
fulfil the foreign currency sale or purchase order.

The gain or loss from re-measuring the foreign exchange contracts at fair value is deferred and recognised in the hedging reserve in equity 
to the extent that the hedge is effective and reclassified into profit and loss when the hedged item is recognised. Any ineffective portion is 
charged to the income statement. For 2008 and 2007, all foreign exchange contracts were effective hedging instruments.

Foreign exchange contracts are fair valued by comparing the contracted rate to the current market rate for a contract with the same 
remaining period to maturity. The fair value of these contracts at reporting date was US$0.1 million (2007: nil).

Forward foreign exchange contracts – held for trading
Brambles entered into forward foreign exchange contracts for the purpose of hedging various cross-border intercompany loans to overseas 
subsidiaries. In this case, the forward foreign exchange contract provides an economic hedge against exchange fluctuations in the foreign 
currency loan balance. The face value and terms of the foreign exchange contracts match the intercompany loan balances. Gains and losses 
on realignment of the intercompany loan and foreign exchange contracts to spot rates are offset in the income statement. Consequently, 
these foreign exchange contracts are not designated for hedge accounting purposes.

These contracts are fair valued by comparing the contracted rate to the current market rate for a contract with the same remaining period 
to maturity. Any changes in fair values are taken to the income statement immediately. The fair value of these contracts at reporting date 
was US$1.0 million (2007: US$4.2 million).

Hedge of net investment in foreign entity
Included in bank loans at 30 June 2008 is a borrowing of US$79.8 million (2007: US$68.6 million) denominated in euros. This loan has 
been designated as a hedge of the net investment in Brambles’ European subsidiaries and is being used to partially hedge Brambles’ exposure 
to foreign exchange risks on these investments. There was no ineffectiveness to be recorded from net investments in foreign entity hedges.

Sensitivity analysis
The following table sets out the sensitivity of Brambles’ financial assets and financial liabilities to foreign exchange risk 
(transaction exposures only):

Consolidated

Exchange rate movement 

Impact on profit after tax 

Impact on equity 

Foreign exchange risk 

2008 
lower rates  higher rates 
+10% 

–10% 

2007
  lower rates  higher rates
+10%

–10% 

uS$m 

uS$m 

US$m 

US$m

1.6 

(5.6) 

(1.3)   

5.6 

(0.1) 

(4.8) 

0.1

4.8

Based on the financial instruments held at 30 June 2008, if exchange rates were to weaken/strengthen by 10% with all other variables held 
constant, profit after tax for the year would have been US$1.6 million higher or US$1.3 million lower (2007: US$0.1 million lower/higher). 
The impact on equity would have been US$5.6 million lower/higher (2007: US$4.8 million lower/higher) mainly as a result of the incremental 
movement through the foreign currency translation reserve relating to the effective portion of a net investment hedge. 

Parent entity
The sensitivity of the parent entity’s financial assets and financial liabilities to foreign exchange risk (transaction exposures only) on profit 
after tax and equity is not considered material. 

Brambles Limited 2008 Annual Report  139

 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes to and forming part of the financial statements
for the year ended 30 June 2008 (continued)

noTE 30. FinAnCiAL riSk mAnAgEmEnT (continued)
c) Liquidity risk
Brambles’ objective is to maintain adequate liquidity to meet its financial obligations as and when they fall due. Brambles funds its 
operations through existing equity, retained cash flow and borrowings, principally from bank credit facilities. The credit facilities are generally 
structured on a committed multi-currency revolving basis with maturities ranging out to August 2012. Borrowings under the facilities are 
floating-rate, unsecured obligations with covenants and undertakings typical for these types of arrangements. To minimise foreign exchange 
risks, borrowings are arranged in the currency of the relevant operating asset to be funded. Brambles also has access to further funding 
through overdrafts, uncommitted and standby lines of credit, principally to manage day-to-day liquidity.

Refer to Note 24a for borrowing facilities and credit standby arrangements disclosures.

maturities of derivative financial assets and liabilities
The maturity of Brambles’ contractual cash flows on net and gross settled derivative financial instruments, based on the remaining period to 
contractual maturity date, is presented below. Cash flows on interest rate swaps and forward foreign exchange contracts are discounted based 
on forward interest rates applicable at reporting date.

Consolidated 

2008

net settled

Interest rate swaps 

gross settled

Forward foreign exchange contracts

– inflow 

– (outflow) 

2007

net settled

Interest rate swaps 

gross settled

Forward foreign exchange contracts

– inflow 

– (outflow) 

year 1 
uS$m 

year 2 
uS$m 

year 3 
uS$m 

year 4 
uS$m 

Total 
over 4  contractual 
years  cash flows 
uS$m 
uS$m 

Carrying
amount
 assets/
(liabilities)
uS$m

(2.6) 

(0.9) 

0.3 

1.4 

0.7 

(1.1) 

(1.1)

241.7 

(240.6) 

– 

– 

– 

– 

– 

– 

– 

– 

241.7 

(240.6) 

(1.5) 

(0.9) 

0.3 

1.4 

0.7 

– 

1.1

–

–

2.0 

1.8 

0.1 

827.6 

(823.4) 

– 

– 

6.2 

1.8 

– 

– 

0.1 

– 

– 

– 

– 

– 

3.9 

3.9

– 

– 

–   

827.6 

(823.4) 

8.1 

4.2

–

8.1

Parent entity
There are no derivative financial assets and liabilities held by the parent entity.

140  Brambles Limited 2008 Annual Report

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
   
maturities of non-derivative financial liabilities
The maturity of Brambles’ contractual cash flows on non-derivative financial liabilities, based on the remaining period to contractual maturity 
date, is presented below. Refer to Note 24b for borrowing facilities maturity profile.

Consolidated 

2008

Financial liabilities

Trade payables 

Bank overdrafts 

Bank loans 

Loan notes 

Finance lease liabilities 

2007

Financial liabilities

Trade payables 

Bank overdrafts 

Bank loans 

Loan notes 

Finance lease liabilities 

Deferred consideration on acquisitions 

year 1 
uS$m 

year 2 
uS$m 

year 3 
uS$m 

year 4 
uS$m 

Total 
over 4  contractual 
years  cash flows 
uS$m 
uS$m 

 Carrying
amount
uS$m

341.0 

36.7 

– 

– 

– 

– 

– 

– 

– 

– 

341.0 

341.0

36.7 

36.7

151.9 

114.0 

1,958.7 

5.4 

102.8  2,332.8  2,052.2

38.3 

0.8 

24.0 

1.0 

24.0 

0.6 

186.6 

296.3 

569.2 

439.3

0.4 

– 

2.8 

2.8

568.7 

139.0  1,983.3 

192.4 

399.1    3,282.5  2,872.0

302.2 

3.5 

137.5 

39.3 

1.6 

0.2 

– 

– 

438.9 

24.0 

0.6 

– 

– 

– 

73.7 

24.0 

0.1 

– 

– 

– 

1,311.0 

– 

– 

– 

302.2 

302.2

3.5 

3.5

1,961.1 

1,680.8

24.0 

482.9 

594.2 

440.3

0.1 

– 

0.1 

– 

2.5 

0.2 

2.5

0.2

484.3 

463.5 

97.8 

1,335.1 

483.0    2,863.7 

2,429.5

The maturity of the parent entity’s contractual cash flows on non-derivative financial liabilities, based on the remaining period to contractual 
maturity date, is presented below.

Parent entity 

2008

Financial liabilities

Payables to subsidiaries 

Bank loans 

2007

Financial liabilities

Payables to subsidiaries 

year 1 
uS$m 

year 2 
uS$m 

year 3 
uS$m 

year 4 
uS$m 

Total 
over 4  contractual 
years  cash flows 
uS$m 
uS$m 

 Carrying
amount
uS$m

– 

– 

4,487.4 

– 

– 

5.0 

– 

2,850.7 

– 

– 

– 

– 

– 

4,487.4 

4,487.4

–   

5.0 

5.0

–    2,850.7 

2,850.7

Brambles Limited 2008 Annual Report  141

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes to and forming part of the financial statements
for the year ended 30 June 2008 (continued)

noTE 30. FinAnCiAL riSk mAnAgEmEnT (continued) 
d) Credit risk exposure
Brambles is exposed to credit risk on its financial assets, which comprise cash and cash equivalents, trade and other receivables and derivative 
financial instruments. This exposure to credit risks arises from the potential failure of counterparties to meet their obligations. The maximum 
exposure to credit risk at the reporting date is the carrying amount of the financial instruments as set out in Note 30a. There is no significant 
concentration of credit risk.

Brambles trades only with recognised, creditworthy third parties. Collateral is generally not obtained from customers.

Customers are subject to credit verification procedures including an assessment of their independent credit rating, financial position, past 
experience and industry reputation. Credit limits are set for each individual customer and approved by the credit manager in accordance with 
an approved authority matrix. These credit limits are regularly monitored and revised based on historic turnover activity and credit performance. 
In addition, overdue receivable balances are monitored and actioned on a regular basis.

Exposure to credit risk also arises from amounts receivable from unrealised gains on derivative financial instruments. At the reporting date, this 
amount was US$8.4 million (2007: US$8.1 million). Brambles transacts derivatives with prominent financial institutions and has credit limits 
in place to limit exposure to any potential non-performance by its counterparties.

e) Capital risk management
Brambles’ objective when managing capital is to ensure Brambles continues as a going concern as well as to provide a balance between 
financial flexibility and balance sheet efficiency. In determining its optimal capital structure, Brambles considers the robustness of future cash 
flows, potential funding requirements for growth opportunities and acquisitions, the cost of capital and ease of access to funding sources.

Brambles manages its capital structure to be consistent with a solid investment grade credit. To achieve its desired capital structure, Brambles 
may adjust the amount of dividends paid to shareholders, return capital to shareholders, issue new shares, sell assets to reduce debt or vary 
the maturity profile of its borrowings.

Brambles considers its capital to comprise:

Total borrowings 

Less: cash and cash equivalents 

Net debt 

Total equity 

Total capital 

Consolidated 

2008 
uS$m 

2007 
US$m 

Parent entity
2008 
uS$m 

2007
US$m

2,531.0 

2,127.3 

104.8 

130.4 

2,426.2 

1,996.9 

5.0 –

5.4 

(0.4) 

0.6

(0.6)

1,543.5 

1,422.7  17,320.3  15,497.2

3,969.7 

3,419.6 

 17,319.9  15,496.6

142  Brambles Limited 2008 Annual Report

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Under the terms of its major borrowing facilities, Brambles is required to comply with the following financial covenants:

 –

the ratio of net debt to EBITDA is to be no more than 3.5 to 1; and

 –

the ratio of EBITDA to net finance costs is to be no less than 3.5 to 1.

The following definitions apply in the calculation of these financial covenants:

 –

EBITDA means Brambles’ consolidated operating profit (excluding exceptional items) before depreciation, amortisation, impairment, profit 
of joint ventures and associates and certain fair value adjustments in respect of financial derivatives; and

 –

net debt means Brambles’ consolidated total borrowings, excluding the impact of fair value adjustments in relation to hedge accounting, 
less cash and cash equivalents.

Brambles has complied with these financial covenants for 2008 and prior years. At balance date, under these definitions,  
the ratios were:

Total borrowings 

Less: cash and cash equivalents 

Net debt 

EBITDA 

Net finance costs 

Net debt/EBITDA (times) 

EBITDA/net finance cost (times) 

Consolidated
2008 
uS$m 

2007
US$m

2,531.0 

2,127.3

104.8 

130.4

    2,426.2 

1,996.9

1,493.1 

1,367.4

149.5 

1.6 

10.0 

59.9

1.5

22.8

Brambles Limited 2008 Annual Report  143

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes to and forming part of the financial statements
for the year ended 30 June 2008 (continued)

noTE 31. CASH FLoW STATEmEnT – AddiTionAL inFormATion
a) reconciliation of cash

For the purpose of the cash flow statement, cash comprises:

Cash at bank and in hand (Note 14) 

Short term deposits (Note 14) 

Bank overdraft (Note 24) 

Consolidated 

2008 
uS$m 

2007 
US$m 

Parent entity
2008 
uS$m 

2007
US$m

62.8 

42.0 

(36.7) 

112.8 

5.4 

0.6

17.6 

(3.5) 

– –

– –

68.1 

126.9 

5.4 

0.6

b) non-cash financing or investing activities
There were no financing or investing transactions during the year which have had a material effect on the assets and liabilities of Brambles 
that did not involve cash flows.

c) reconciliation of profit after tax to net cash flows from operating activities

Profit after tax 

Adjustments for:

– Depreciation and amortisation 

– Irrecoverable pooling equipment provision expense 

– Net gains on disposals of property, plant and equipment  

– Other valuation adjustments 

– Net gains on disposal of businesses and investments 

– Net gains after tax on completed disposals of discontinued operations  

– Joint ventures and associates  

– Equity-settled share-based payments  

– Finance revenues and costs 

Consolidated 

2008 
uS$m 

2007 
US$m 

Parent entity
2008 
uS$m 

2007
US$m

648.7 

1,291.3 

571.1 

255.7

458.6 

404.3 

90.2 

(42.7) 

(0.6) 

(2.9) 

(832.9) 

2.8 

20.8 

91.2 

(46.4) 

(1.0) 

(1.2) 

(2.6) 

(0.6) 

14.8 

12.7 

– –

– –

– –

– –

– –

– –

– –

– –

6.3 

(813.2) 

(380.6)

Movements in operating assets and liabilities,  net of acquisitions and disposals:

– Decrease/(increase) in trade and other receivables 

35.9 

(46.0) 

(0.5) –

– Decrease/(increase) in prepayments 

– Increase in inventories 

– Decrease in deferred tax 

– (Decrease)/increase in trade and other payables  

– Decrease in tax payables 

– Decrease in provisions 

– Other 

1.9 

(9.7) 

(1.0) 

(5.9) 

39.3 

135.7 

(2.1) 

(38.8) 

(30.3) 

(4.1) 

61.0 

(3.0) 

(37.6) 

4.2 

– –

– –

– –

– –

(2.4) 

(4.6)

– –

(4.0) 

6.4

Net cash inflow/(outflow) from operating activities 

1,166.3 

1,044.0 

(249.0) 

(123.1)

144  Brambles Limited 2008 Annual Report

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
    
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
noTE 32. CommiTmEnTS
a) Capital expenditure commitments
At 30 June 2008, Brambles’ continuing operations had commitments of US$66.3 million (2007: US$14.9 million) principally relating to 
property, plant and equipment.

Capital expenditure in respect of continuing operations contracted for but not recognised as liabilities at reporting date were as follows:

Within one year 

Between one and five years 

Consolidated
2008 
uS$m 

2007
US$m

40.7 

25.6 –

66.3 

14.9

14.9

b) operating lease commitments
Brambles’ continuing operations are party to operating leases for offices, operational locations and plant and equipment. The leases have 
varying terms, escalation clauses and renewal rights. Escalation clauses are rare and any impact is considered immaterial.

The future minimum lease payments under such non-cancellable operating leases are as follows:

Within one year 

Between one and five years 

After five years 

Minimum lease payments 

Consolidated 

Plant 

2007 
US$m 

24.4 

42.2 

6.9 

occupancy
2008 
uS$m 

2007
US$m

148.4 

512.5 

453.4 

136.4

472.9

421.8

73.5 

  1,114.3 

1,031.1

2008 
uS$m 

31.7 

50.8 

1.0 

83.5 

During the year, operating lease expense of US$102.8 million (2007: US$134.9 million) was recognised in the income statement.

c) Finance lease commitments
Finance leases of plant and equipment are not a material feature of Brambles’ funding arrangements.

Finance lease commitments of Brambles’ continuing operations are payable as follows:

Within one year 

Between one and five years 

Minimum lease payments recognised as a liability 

Consolidated
Plant

2008 
uS$m 

2007
US$m

0.8 

2.0 

2.8 

1.6

0.9

2.5

Brambles Limited 2008 Annual Report  145

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
Notes to and forming part of the financial statements
for the year ended 30 June 2008 (continued)

noTE 33. ConTingEnCiES
a)  Brambles Limited and certain of its subsidiaries are parties to a deed of cross-guarantee which supports global financing credit 

facilities available to certain Brambles’ subsidiaries. Total facilities available amount to US$3,616.4 million (2007: US$3,235.8 million) 
of which US$2,008.1 million (2007: US$1,636.7 million) has been drawn.

Brambles Limited and certain of its subsidiaries are parties to a guarantee which supports the US Private Placement borrowing of 
US$425.0 million (2007: US$425.0 million) by a subsidiary.

Brambles Limited has guaranteed repayment of certain facilities and financial accommodations made available to certain 
Brambles’ subsidiaries. Total facilities available amount to US$398.5 million (2007: US$356.3 million), of which US$148.4 million 
(2007: US$139.1 million) has been drawn.

b)  Subsidiaries of Brambles Limited have contingent unsecured liabilities in respect of guarantees given relating to performance under 
contracts entered into totalling US$122.2 million (2007: US$189.0 million), of which US$117.8 million (2007: US$104.4 million) 
is also guaranteed by Brambles Limited and is included in (a) above.

c)  A subsidiary has provided guarantees on a several basis in relation to a reduction in the share premium account of a subsidiary of 

Brambles in favour of certain creditors which amounts to US$9.8 million (2007: US$12.8 million).

d)  A subsidiary has guaranteed the lease obligations of third parties totalling US$31.8 million (2007: US$39.9 million). Subsidiaries of 

Brambles Limited have provided guarantees to support lease facilities entered into by certain Brambles’ subsidiaries. Total facilities 
available amount to US$22.3 million (2007: US$24.5 million), of which US$22.3 million (2007: US$24.5 million) has been drawn.

e)  Environmental contingent liabilities

Brambles’ activities have included the treatment and disposal of hazardous and non-hazardous waste through subsidiaries and corporate 
joint ventures. In addition, other activities of Brambles entail using, handling and storing materials which are capable of causing 
environmental impairment.

As a consequence of the nature of these activities, Brambles has incurred and may continue to incur environmental costs and liabilities 
associated with site and facility operation, closure, remediation, aftercare, monitoring and licensing. Provisions have been made in 
respect of estimated environmental liabilities at all sites and facilities where obligations are known to exist and can be reliably measured.

  However, additional liabilities may emerge due to a number of factors including changes in the numerous laws and regulations which 
govern environmental protection, liability, land use, planning and other matters in each jurisdiction in which Brambles operates or has 
operated. These extensive laws and regulations are continually evolving in response to technological advances, scientific developments and 
other factors. Brambles cannot predict the extent to which it may be affected in the future by any such changes in legislation or regulation.

f) 

In the ordinary course of business, Brambles becomes involved in litigation, most of which falls within Brambles’ insurance 
arrangements. Provision has been made for known obligations where the existence of the liability is probable and can be reasonably 
quantified. Receivables have been recognised where recoveries, for example from insurance arrangements, are virtually certain. As 
the outcomes of these matters remain uncertain, contingent liabilities exist for possible amounts eventually payable that are in excess 
of the amounts provided.

g)  Brambles has given vendor warranties in relation to businesses sold in 2008 and prior years. Brambles has recognised the financial 
impact of such vendor warranties and adjustments on the basis of information currently available. A contingent liability exists for any 
amounts which may ultimately be borne by Brambles which are in excess of the amounts provided at 30 June 2008.

146  Brambles Limited 2008 Annual Report

 
 
 
 
noTE 34. AudiTorS’ rEmunErATion
PricewaterhouseCoopers (PwC) earned the following remuneration from Brambles during the year:

Consolidated 

2008 

2007
  uS$’000  US$’000  uS$’000  US$’000

2007 

Parent entity
2008 

Amounts received or due and receivable by PwC (Australia) for:

Audit services:

– Audit and review of Brambles’ financial reports 

– Other assurance services 

Other services:

– Tax advisory services 

Total remuneration of PwC (Australia)  

Amounts received or due and receivable by related practices of PwC (Australia) for:

Audit services:

– Audit and review of Brambles’ financial reports 

– Other assurance services 

Other services:

– Tax advisory services 

– Acquisition due diligence 

Total remuneration of related practices of PwC (Australia)  

30

30

30

1,650 

1,781 

96 

97 

1,746 

1,878 

258 

46  – 

2,004 

1,924   

4,175 

3,829 

4 

477 

4,179 

4,306 

73 

133 

206 

4,385 

2,494 

– 

2,494 

6,800 

30 

– –

30 

– –

30 

– –

– –

– –

– –

– –

– –

– –

Total auditors’ remuneration  

6,389 

8,724 

30 

30

From time to time, Brambles employs PwC on assignments additional to their statutory audit duties where PwC, through their detailed 
knowledge of the Group, are best placed to perform the services from an efficiency, effectiveness and cost perspective. The performance 
of such non-audit related services is always balanced with the fundamental objective of ensuring PwC’s objectivity and independence as 
auditors. To ensure this balance, the Board has established a policy whereby prior approval of the Audit Committee is required wherever 
management recommends that PwC undertake non-audit work. Management consultancy, IT implementation and specialist internal audit 
work will not be performed by PwC.

In 2008 and 2007, non-audit assignments primarily related to tax consulting advice and acquisition due diligence.

Auditors’ remuneration for the parent entity relates to the audit of the parent entity accounts. Auditors’ remuneration in relation to the 
consolidated accounts is borne by a subsidiary.

noTE 35. rELATEd PArTy inFormATion
a) Brambles
Brambles comprises Brambles Limited and the entities which it controls. 

Borrowings under the bilateral bank credit facilities are undertaken by a limited number of Brambles subsidiaries. Funding of other subsidiaries 
within Brambles is by way of intercompany loans, all of which are documented and carry commercial interest rates applicable to the currency 
and terms of the loans.

The global financing credit facilities are supported by a deed of cross guarantee for which Brambles Limited charges Brambles’ borrowers a 
commercially determined guarantee fee.

Dividends are declared within the group only as required for funding or other commercial reasons.

Brambles also has in place cost sharing agreements to ensure that relevant costs are taken up by the entities receiving the benefits.

All amounts receivable and payable by entities within Brambles and any interest thereon are eliminated on consolidation.

Brambles Limited 2008 Annual Report  147

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes to and forming part of the financial statements
for the year ended 30 June 2008 (continued)

noTE 35. rELATEd PArTy inFormATion (continued)
b) material subsidiaries
The principal subsidiaries of Brambles during the year were:

name 

CHEP

CHEP USA 

CHEP Canada, Inc. 

CHEP UK Limited 

CHEP France SA 

CHEP Deutschland GmbH 

CHEP Espana SA 

CHEP Mexico SA de Cv 

CHEP Benelux Nederland Bv 

CHEP Italia SRL 

Brambles Enterprises Limited 

CHEP South Africa (Proprietary) Limited 

CHEP Australia Limited 

CHEP Equipment Australia Pty Limited 

CHEP (Shanghai) Company Limited 

CHEP Technology Proprietary Limited 

CHEP India Pvt Limited 

recall

Recall Limited 

Recall France SA 

Recall Corporation, Inc. 

Recall do Brasil Ltda 

AUSDOC Holdings Pty Limited 

Recall Information Management Pty Limited 

Recall Equipment Australia Pty Limited 

Brambles HQ

Brambles Industries Limited 

Brambles Holdings (UK) Limited 

Brambles International Finance Bv 

Brambles USA Inc. 

Brambles North America Incorporated  

Brambles Finance plc 

Brambles Finance Limited 

Recall Deutschland GmbH  

  Place of incorporation 

% interest held
at reporting date
2007
2008 

USA 

Canada 

UK 

France 

  Germany 

Spain 

Mexico 

The Netherlands 

Italy 

UK 

 South Africa 

Australia 

Australia 

China 

Australia 

India 

UK 

France 

USA 

Brazil 

Australia 

Australia 

Australia 

Australia 

UK 

The Netherlands 

USA 

USA 

UK 

Australia 

  Germany 

100 

100 

100 

100 

100 

100 

100 

100 

100 

100 

100 

100 

100 

100 

100 

100 –

100 

100 

100 

100 

100 

100 

100 

100 

100 

100 

100 

100 

100 

100 

100 

100

100

100

100

100

100

100

100

100

100

100

100

100

100

100

100

100

100

100

100

100

100

100

100

100

100

100

100

100

100

In addition to the list above, there are a number of other subsidiaries within Brambles which are mostly intermediary holding companies 
or are dormant.

148  Brambles Limited 2008 Annual Report

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Para 264(b) of the German trade law grants an exemption from the requirement to prepare individual audited statutory financial statements 
and management reports for those German companies which are included within the consolidated group financial statements. Relief from 
such German statutory reporting requirements will be taken in respect of Recall Deutschland GmbH & Co. KG as this entity is consolidated 
within these Brambles’ financial statements.

Investments in subsidiaries are primarily by means of ordinary or common shares. All subsidiaries prepare accounts with a 
30 June balance date.

c) Joint ventures and associates
Brambles’ share of the net results of joint ventures and associates is disclosed in Note 19.

d) other transactions
Other transactions entered into during the year with Directors of Brambles Limited; with Director-related entities; with key management 
personnel (KMP, as set out in the Directors’ Report); or with KMP-related entities were on terms and conditions no more favourable than 
those available to other employees, customers or suppliers and include transactions in respect of the employee option plans, contracts 
of employment and reimbursement of expenses. Any other transactions were trivial or domestic in nature.

e) other related parties
A subsidiary has a non-interest bearing advance outstanding as at 30 June 2008 of US$1.297 million (2007: US$1.133 million) to 
Brambles Custodians Pty Limited, the trustee under Brambles’ employee loan scheme. The advance is administered by Brambles 
Custodians Pty Limited and enabled employees to acquire shares in BIL prior to Unification, pursuant to the terms and conditions 
of the employee loan scheme approved by shareholders.

f) directors’ indemnities
Under its constitution, to the extent permitted by law, Brambles Limited indemnifies each person who is, or has been a Director or 
Secretary of Brambles Limited against any liability which results from facts or circumstances relating to the person serving or having 
served in the capacity of Director, Secretary, other officer or employee of Brambles Limited or any of its subsidiaries, other than:

(aa) in respect of a liability other than for legal costs:

(i)  a liability owed to Brambles Limited or a related body corporate;

(ii)  a liability for a pecuniary penalty order under section 1317G of the Act or a compensation order under section 1317H of the Act;

(iii)   a liability that is owed to someone (other than Brambles Limited or a related body corporate) and did not arise out of conduct in 

good faith; and

(bb) in respect of a liability for legal costs:

(i)   in defending or resisting proceedings in which the person is found to have a liability for which they could not have been indemnified 

under paragraph (aa) above;

(ii)  in defending or resisting criminal proceedings in which the person is found guilty;

(iii)   in defending or resisting proceedings brought by ASIC or a liquidator for a court order if the grounds for making the order are found 

by the Court to be established; or

(iv)  in connection with proceedings for relief to any persons under the Act in which the Court denies the relief.

Paragraph (bb)(iii) above does not apply to costs incurred in responding to actions brought by ASIC or a liquidator as part of an investigation 
before commencing proceedings for the Court order.

Under its Articles of Association, BIP indemnifies every person who is or was a Director, alternate Director or Company Secretary of the 
company to the extent permitted by the Companies Act 1985 against all costs, charges, losses and liabilities incurred by them in the 
proper execution of their duties or the proper exercise of their powers, authorities and directions.

Insurance policies are in place to cover Directors and executive officers, however the terms of the policies prohibit disclosure of the details 
of the insurance cover and the premiums paid.

noTE 36. EvEnTS AFTEr BALAnCE SHEET dATE
Other than those outlined in the Directors’ Report, there have been no events that have occurred subsequent to 30 June 2008 that have 
had a material impact on Brambles’ financial performance or position.

Brambles Limited 2008 Annual Report  149

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Directors’ Declaration

In the opinion of the Directors of Brambles Limited: 

(a)  the financial statements and notes set out on pages 85 to 149 are in accordance with the Australian Corporations Act 2001, including:

(i)   complying with Accounting Standards, the Corporations Regulations 2001 and other mandatory professional reporting requirements; 

and 

(ii)   giving a true and fair view of the financial position of Brambles and Brambles Limited as at 30 June 2008 and of their performance 

for the year ended on that date;

(b)  there are reasonable grounds to believe that Brambles Limited will be able to pay its debts as and when they become due and payable; 

and

(c)  the audited remuneration disclosures set out on pages 54 to 77 of the Directors’ Report comply with Accounting Standard AASB 124: 

Related Party Disclosures and the Corporations Regulations 2001.

The Directors have been given the declarations by the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer required by section 295A of the 
Corporations Act 2001.

This declaration is made in accordance with a resolution of the Directors.

g J kraehe Ao
Chairman

m F ihlein
Chief Executive Officer

20 August 2008

150  Brambles Limited 2008 Annual Report

 
 
Independent Auditors’ Report
to the members of Brambles Limited

pricewaterhousecoopers
aBn 52 780 433 757

Darling Park Tower 2
201 Sussex Street

GPO BOX 2650
SYDNEY NSW 1171
DX 77 Sydney Australia

Telephone +61 2 8266 0000
Facsimile +61 2 8266 9999

www.pwc.com/au

RepoRt on the financiaL RepoRt 
We have audited the accompanying financial report of Brambles Limited (the Company), which comprises the balance sheet as at 
30 June 2008, and the income statement, statement of recognised income and expense and cash flow statement for the year ended on 
that date, a summary of significant accounting policies, other explanatory notes and the Directors’ declaration for both Brambles Limited and 
Brambles. Brambles comprises the Company and the entities it controlled at the year’s end or from time to time during the financial year.

Directors’ responsibility for the financial report
The Directors of the Company are responsible for the preparation and fair presentation of the financial report in accordance with Australian 
Accounting Standards (including the Australian Accounting Interpretations) and the Corporations Act 2001. This responsibility includes 
establishing and maintaining internal controls relevant to the preparation and fair presentation of the financial report that is free from material 
misstatement, whether due to fraud or error; selecting and applying appropriate accounting policies; and making accounting estimates that 
are reasonable in the circumstances. In Note 1, the Directors also state, in accordance with Accounting Standard AASB 101 Presentation 
of Financial Statements, that compliance with the Australian equivalents to International Financial Reporting Standards ensures that the 
financial report, comprising the financial statements and notes, complies with International Financial Reporting Standards.

auditors’ responsibility 
Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the financial report based on our audit. We conducted our audit in accordance with Australian 
Auditing Standards. These Auditing Standards require that we comply with relevant ethical requirements relating to audit engagements and 
plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance whether the financial report is free from material misstatement.

An audit involves performing procedures to obtain audit evidence about the amounts and disclosures in the financial report. The procedures 
selected depend on the auditors’ judgement, including the assessment of the risks of material misstatement of the financial report, whether 
due to fraud or error. In making those risk assessments, the auditor considers internal control relevant to the entity’s preparation and fair 
presentation of the financial report in order to design audit procedures that are appropriate in the circumstances, but not for the purpose of 
expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the entity’s internal control. An audit also includes evaluating the appropriateness of accounting 
policies used and the reasonableness of accounting estimates made by the Directors, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the 
financial report.

Our procedures include reading the other information in the Annual Report to determine whether it contains any material inconsistencies 
with the financial report.

For further explanation of an audit, visit our website http://www.pwc.com/au/financialstatementaudit.

Our audit did not involve an analysis of the prudence of business decisions made by Directors or management.

We believe that the audit evidence we have obtained is sufficient and appropriate to provide a basis for our audit opinions. 

Liability limited by a scheme approved under Professional Standards Legislation

Brambles Limited 2008 Annual Report  151

Independent Auditors’ Report
to the members of Brambles Limited (continued)

independence
In conducting our audit, we have complied with the independence requirements of the Corporations Act 2001.

auditors’ opinion 
In our opinion:

(a)  the financial report of Brambles Limited is in accordance with the Corporations Act 2001, including:

(i)   giving a true and fair view of the Company’s and Brambles’ financial position as at 30 June 2008 and of their performance 

for the year ended on that date; and

(ii)   complying with Australian Accounting Standards (including the Australian Accounting Interpretations) and the Corporations 

Regulations 2001; and

(b)  the financial report also complies with International Financial Reporting Standards as disclosed in Note 1.

RepoRt on the RemuneRation RepoRt
We have audited the Remuneration Report included in pages 54 to 77 of the Directors’ Report for the year ended 30 June 2008. 
The Directors of the Company are responsible for the preparation and presentation of the Remuneration Report in accordance with 
section 300A of the Corporations Act 2001. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Remuneration Report, based on our 
audit conducted in accordance with Australian Auditing Standards.

auditors’ opinion 
In our opinion, the Remuneration Report of Brambles Limited for the year ended 30 June 2008 complies with section 300A of the 
Corporations Act 2001.

matters relating to the electronic presentation of the audited financial report
This auditor’s report relates to the financial report and Remuneration Report of Brambles Limited (the Company) for the year ended 
30 June 2008 included on the Brambles Limited web site. The Company’s Directors are responsible for the integrity of the Brambles 
Limited web site. We have not been engaged to report on the integrity of this web site. The auditor’s report refers only to the financial 
report and Remuneration Report named above. It does not provide an opinion on any other information which may have been hyperlinked  
to/from these statements or the Remuneration Report. If users of this report are concerned with the inherent risks arising from electronic 
data communications they are advised to refer to the hard copy of the audited financial report and Remuneration Report to confirm the 
information included in the audited financial report and Remuneration Report presented on this web site.

PricewaterhouseCoopers

m G Johnson
Partner

Sydney
20 August 2008

m K Graham
Partner

Sydney
20 August 2008

152  Brambles Limited 2008 Annual Report

 
 
Auditors’ Independence Declaration

PricewaterhouseCoopers
ABn 52 780 433 757

Darling Park Tower 2
201 Sussex Street

GPO BOX 2650
SYDNEY NSW 1171
DX 77 Sydney Australia

Telephone +61 2 8266 0000
Facsimile +61 2 8266 9999

www.pwc.com/au

As lead auditor for the audit of Brambles Limited for the year ended 30 June 2008, I declare that to the best of my knowledge and belief, 
there have been:

a)  no contraventions of the auditor independence requirements of the Corporations Act 2001 in relation to the audit; and

b)  no contraventions of any applicable code of professional conduct in relation to the audit.

This declaration is in respect of Brambles Limited and the entities it controlled during the period.

m g Johnson
Partner 
PricewaterhouseCoopers

Sydney
20 August 2008

Liability limited by a scheme approved under Professional Standards Legislation

Brambles Limited 2008 Annual Report  153

Five Year Financial Performance Summary

Continuing operations

Sales revenue 

AIFRS 

2008  
uS$m  

2007  
uS$m  

2006  
uS$m  

  UK GAAP1
2004
uS$m 

2005  
uS$m  

4,358.6   3,868.8   3,522.1   3,274.8 

2,893.2 

Comparable operating profit (before special items) 

1,046.9  

932.8  

771.3  

599.8 

444.7 

Net finance costs 

Profit before tax (before special items) 

Tax expense (before special items) 

(149.5) 

(59.9) 

(111.8) 

(130.1) 

(126.1)

897.4  

872.9  

659.5  

469.7  

318.6 

(270.9) 

(287.2) 

(229.4) 

(160.4) 

(102.8)

Profit from continuing operations (before special items) 

626.5  

585.7  

430.1  

309.3  

215.8 

Special items, after tax 

Goodwill amortisation2 

Profit from continuing operations, after tax 

Profit from discontinued operations, after tax 

Profit for the year 

depreciation and amortisation (excluding goodwill)

– Continuing operations 

– Discontinued operations 

net capex on property, plant & equipment

– Continuing operations 

– Discontinued operations 

Cash flow

Cash flow from operations (after net capex) 

Free cash flow 

Dividends paid 

Free cash flow after dividends 

Balance sheet

Capital employed 

Net debt 

Equity 

Employees

– Continuing operations 

– Discontinued operations 

Earnings per share (uS cents)

Basic 

Before special items and goodwill amortisation:

– Brambles 

– Continuing operations 

dividend declared per share (Australian cents)

– Interim and final 

– Special 

20.4  

(152.0) 

(67.5) 

–  

–  

–  

3.8  

–  

646.9  

433.7  

362.6  

313.1  

1.8  

857.6  

1,101.8  

135.7  

648.7   1,291.3   1,464.4   

448.8  

458.6  

404.3  

412.0  

393.0  

–  

–  

80.7  

212.4  

(76.5)

(24.2)

115.1 

100.9 

216.0 

383.4 

194.0 

735.6  

517.8  

474.7  

443.3  

448.9 

–  

21.3  

133.6  

222.4  

155.0 

782.3  

726.5  

900.7  

903.9  

412.6  

490.2  

559.7  

622.2  

444.8  

604.0  

296.7  

256.5  

(32.2) 

(113.8) 

263.0  

365.7  

716.0 

450.2 

242.1 

208.1 

3,969.7  

3,419.6   4,643.1   4,595.6   4,576.0 

2,426.2   1,996.9   1,690.1   2,208.3   2,541.0 

1,543.5  

1,422.7   2,953.0   2,387.3   2,035.0 

12,305  

12,327  

12,249  

11,813  

11,854 

–  

1,841  

14,043  

15,759  

16,345 

12,305  

14,168  

26,292   

27,572 

28,199 

46.0  

83.4  

86.7  

26.4  

12.9 

44.5  

44.5  

39.6  

37.8  

38.3  

25.5  

26.8  

18.3  

21.8 

12.8 

34.5 

–  

17.0  

–  

25.0  

34.5   

21.5 

20.0 

–   

– 

1  Year 2004 is under UK GAAP. It has been reclassified into an AIFRS presentation format.
2  Goodwill amortisation ceased on adoption of AIFRS.

154  Brambles Limited 2008 Annual Report

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Glossary

2001 option Plans

2001 Share Plans

2004 Share Plans

The Brambles Industries Limited 2001 Executive Share Option Plan and the Brambles Industries plc 2001 
Executive Share Option Plan, incorporating Brambles Limited rollover amendments of 22 August 2006.

The Brambles Industries Limited 2001 Executive Performance Share Plan and the Brambles Industries 
plc 2001 Executive Performance Share Plan, incorporating Brambles Limited rollover amendments of 
22 August 2006.

The Brambles Industries Limited 2004 Performance Share Plan and the Brambles Industries plc 2004 
Performance Share Plan, incorporating Brambles Limited rollover amendments of 22 August 2006.

2006 Share Plan

The Brambles Limited 2006 Performance Share Plan.

Act

Agm

AiFrS

ASx

The Corporations Act 2001 (Cth).

Annual General Meeting.

Australian Equivalents to International Financial Reporting Standards, used by Brambles to report its 
financial results. In 2004 and prior years, Brambles reported under UK GAAP and Australian GAAP.

Australian Securities Exchange.

Average Capital invested (ACi)

This is calculated as a 12 month average of Capital Invested.
(CI – see definition below).

BiL

BiP

Board

Brambles Industries Limited, which was previously one of the two listed entities in the DLC structure.

Brambles Industries plc, which was previously one of the two listed entities in the DLC structure.

The Board of Brambles Limited.

Brambles, Brambles group or group

Brambles Limited and all of its related bodies corporate.

BvA

Brambles value Added or BvA represents the value generated over and above the cost of the capital used 
to generate that value. It is calculated as comparable operating profit (COP) less (average capital invested 
(ACI), at fixed June 2007 exchange rates, multiplied by Brambles’ weighted average pre-tax cost of 
capital (WACC)).
BvA = COP – (ACI x WACC).
(Certain minor adjustments to BvA are also made in accordance with Brambles’ BvA Accounting Policy 
and subject to the approval of Brambles’ Chief Financial Officer.)

CAgr

Compound Annual Growth Rate.

Capital invested (Ci)

Net assets before tax balances, cash, borrowings and accrued finance costs, but after adjustment 
for accumulated net pre-tax special items, actuarial gains or losses and net equity adjustments for 
equity-settled share-based payments.

Cash flow from operations (CFo)

Cash flow generated after net capital expenditure and before special items.

Cdi

CREST Depositary Interest, the mechanism by which ordinary shares are traded and settled on the 
London Stock Exchange. One CDI represents an underlying beneficial interest in one ordinary share 
of Brambles Limited.

Comparable operating profit (CoP)

Comparable operating profit is profit before special items, finance costs and tax, which the Directors 
consider to be a useful measure of underlying business performance.

Constant currency

Constant currency relative performance is calculated by translating both current period and comparable 
period results into US dollars at the actual monthly exchange rates applicable during the comparable period. 
Its purpose is to show relative performance between periods before the translation impact of currency 
fluctuations.

Continuing operations

Continuing operations refers to CHEP, Recall and Brambles HQ.

CrEST

CSr

The UK’s electronic registration and settlement system for equity security trading.

Corporate Social Responsibility.

discontinued operations

Operations which have been divested or which are held for sale.

Brambles Limited 2008 Annual Report  155

Glossary 
(continued)

dLC

dmS

dPS 

EPS

Dual-listed companies structure – a contractual arrangement between Brambles Industries Limited and 
Brambles Industries plc under which they operated as if they were a single economic enterprise, whilst 
retaining their separate legal identities, tax residencies and stock exchange listings. The Brambles Group 
operated as a DLC from August 2001 to December 2006.

Document Management Solutions, a Recall service line.

Data Protection Services, a Recall service line.

Earnings per share.

Exceptional items

See Special items.

FmCg

Fast Moving Consumer Goods.

Free cash flow (FCF) 

Cash flow generated by the business after net capital expenditure, finance costs and tax but excluding the 
net cost of acquisitions and proceeds from business disposals.

gHg

fx

kPi(s)

Lean

LSE

LTi

LTiFr

LTiSr

Greenhouse Gas.

Foreign Exchange.

Key Performance Indicator(s).

Lean, or Lean thinking, is derived from the Toyota Production System and assists in the identification and 
steady elimination of waste, the improvement of quality, production time and cost reduction.

London Stock Exchange.

Long Term Incentive.

Lost Time Injury Frequency Rate.

Lost Time Injury Severity Rate.

oHS&E

Occupational Health Safety and Environment.

organic growth

Growth from existing customers or from new customers acquired other than through a business acquisition.

PAT

rFid

roCi

rPC 

SdS 

Six Sigma 

Special items

STi

TFr 

TSr

uk gAAP

unification

vesting

Profit After Tax.

Radio Frequency Identification.

Return on Capital Invested (ROCI) is calculated as Comparable Operating Profit (COP) divided by Average 
Capital Invested (ACI).

Reusable plastic container (relates to CHEP).

Secure Destruction Services, a Recall service line.

A methodology that uses facts, data and statistical analysis to improve business processes, grow sales, 
reduce costs and improve quality and customer satisfaction.

Special items comprise impairments, exceptional items, fair value adjustments and amortisation of acquired 
non-goodwill intangible assets (other than software). Exceptional items are items of income or expense 
which are considered to be outside the ordinary course of business and are, either individually or in 
aggregate, material to Brambles or to the relevant business segment.

Short Term Incentive.

Total Fixed Remuneration.

Total Shareholder Return.

Generally accepted accounting principles in the UK.

The unification of the dual-listed companies structure which operated between Brambles Industries Limited 
and Brambles Industries plc under a new single Australian holding company, Brambles Limited.

When rights under share plan awards may first be exercised.

156  Brambles Limited 2008 Annual Report

Brambles Limited 
ABN 89 118 896 021 

10  Financial Performance 
12  Chairman’s Review 
14  Chief Executive Officer’s Report 
16  Executive Leadership Team 
18  CHEP 
22  Recall 
24  Board of Directors 
28  Sustainability Report 
40  Financial Review 
44  Corporate Governance Report 

54  Directors’ Report – Remuneration Report 
78  Directors’ Report – Other Information 
82  Shareholder Information 
85  Financial Report – Financial Statements
150 Financial Report – Directors’ Declaration
151 Financial Report – Independent Auditors’ Report
153 Auditors’ Independence Declaration 
154 Five Year Financial Performance Summary 
155 Glossary 
Inside back cover  Directory, Annual General Meeting  

and Dividend details 

Our customers and their markets are in 45 countries ...

DIRECTORY
Brambles Limited
Level 40
Gateway
1 Macquarie Place
Sydney NSW 2000
Australia

Telephone:  61 (0) 2 9256 5222
Facsimile:  61 (0) 2 9256 5299 
Website:  www.brambles.com

Brambles Limited has a primary listing on 
the Australian Securities Exchange and 
a secondary listing on the London Stock 
Exchange. The global headquarters of 
Brambles is in Sydney, Australia.

All currency amounts in this report are in 
US dollars unless otherwise specified.

Annual General Meeting
The 2008 Annual General Meeting of 
Brambles Limited will be held on Tuesday, 
25 November at 10.00am (AEDT) at: 

Level 3
Overseas Passenger Terminal
Circular Quay West Street, The Rocks
Sydney NSW 2000

A live webcast of the meeting will be 
broadcast on www.brambles.com.

Dividend
The final dividend of 17.5 Australian cents 
per share is 10% franked for all shareholders 
in Brambles Limited and will be paid on 
9 October 2008. 

Brambles Business Units
CHEP Americas
8517 South Park Circle
Orlando FL 32819-9040
United States of America

CDI holders will receive their dividend 
payments as soon as possible after ordinary 
shareholders, once fx transactions have been 
completed. 

Telephone:  1 407 370 2437
Facsimile:  1 407 355 6211

Email: 
Website:  www.chep.com

chep@brambles.com

CDIs holders who are also CREST 
participants can expect to receive their 
dividend payments via CREST electronic 
Unmatched Stock Event (USE) messages, 
once the cash has been received and 
reconciled by Euroclear UK and Ireland, 
taking note of their election (if any) of a 
default payment currency option as detailed 
in the Euroclear UK and Ireland international 
service description.

For CDI holders who use the Equiniti 
corporate nominee service, additional 
processing time is required to print and mail 
cheques, or, for holders who have completed 
dividend mandate forms, to set up cash 
transfers into their bank accounts. All CDI 
holders who use the Equiniti corporate 
nominee service will receive their dividends 
in pounds sterling.

CHEP EMEA
1 Lamb Walk 
London 
SE1 3TT 
United Kingdom

Telephone:  44 (0) 207 940 0080 
Facsimile:   44 (0) 207 940 7876

CHEP Asia-Pacific
Level 6, Building C
11 Talavera Road,
North Ryde
NSW 2113
Australia

Telephone:  61 (0) 2 9856 2437
Facsimile:  61 (0) 2 9856 2404

Recall
One Recall Center
180 Technology Parkway
Norcross GA 30092
United States of America

Telephone:  1 770 776 1000
Facsimile:  1 770 776 1001

Email: 
Website:  www.recall.com 

recall@brambles.com

 CHEP

 Recall

 CHEP and Recall

Cover: Brian Soulsby, National ECR 
and Supply Chain Manager of Colgate-
Palmolive and Matthew Jager, Team 
Leader – Sales, CHEP Asia-Pacific. 

Page 1: Andrew Letfallah, Recall 
Sales Manager – Retail, has been 
with Brambles for over seven years 
and manages a sales team of 13.

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Brambles is committed to achieving Zero Harm, which 
means zero injuries and zero environmental damage, 
and has used a PEFC, Chain of Custody accredited 
printer to produce this Annual Report. 

The text pages of this Annual Report are printed on 
PEFC Certified paper, which is an elemental chlorine 
free pulp derived from sustainable forests. The paper 
was manufactured at Australian Papers’ Wesley Vale 
Mill under ISO 14001, an international environmental 
standard.

 
 
 
BramBles limited 2008 AnnuAl RepoRt

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Customers, Markets, people

www.brambles.com