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Majesco Inc.BRIGHTCOVE INC FORM 10-K (Annual Report) Filed 02/21/17 for the Period Ending 12/31/16 Address Telephone 290 CONGRESS STREET BOSTON, MA 02210 (888) 882-1880 CIK 0001313275 Symbol BCOV SIC Code 7374 - Computer Processing and Data Preparation and Processing Services Industry Software Sector Technology Fiscal Year 12/31 http://www.edgar-online.com © Copyright 2017, EDGAR Online, Inc. All Rights Reserved. Distribution and use of this document restricted under EDGAR Online, Inc. Terms of Use. Table of Contents UNITED STATESSECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSIONWashington, D.C. 20549 FORM 10-K (Mark One)☒ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2016OR ☐TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934For the transition period from to Commission File Number: 001-35429 BRIGHTCOVE INC.(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter) Delaware 20-1579162(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation) (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)290 Congress Street Boston, Massachusetts 02210(Address of principal executive offices) (Zip Code)(888) 882-1880(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)Securities Registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act: Title of Each Class Name of Exchange on Which RegisteredCommon Stock, par value $0.001 per share The NASDAQ Global MarketSecurities Registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act:None Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yes ☐ No ☒Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act. Yes ☐ No ☒Indicate by check mark whether the registrant: (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the Registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirementsfor the past 90 days. Yes ☒ No ☐Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File requiredto be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required tosubmit and post such files). Yes ☒ No ☐Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the bestof registrant’s knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to this Form10-K. ☒Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company. See thedefinitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer” and “smaller reporting company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one): Large accelerated filer ☐ Accelerated filer ☒Non-accelerated filer ☐ (Do not check if a smaller reporting company) Smaller reporting company ☐Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No ☒The aggregate market value of common stock held by non-affiliates of the registrant based on the closing price of the registrant’s common stock as reportedon the NASDAQ Global Market on June 30, 2016, was $211,869,522. Shares of voting and non-voting stock held by executive officers, directors and holders ofmore than 5% of the outstanding stock have been excluded from this calculation because such persons or institutions may be deemed affiliates. This determinationof affiliate status is not a conclusive determination for other purposes.As of February 15, 2017 there were 34,060,039 shares of the registrant’s common stock, $0.001 par value per share, outstanding.DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCEPortions of the registrant’s definitive Proxy Statement relating to its 2017 Annual Meeting of Stockholders are incorporated by reference into Part III of thisAnnual Report on Form 10-K where indicated. Such Proxy Statement will be filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission within 120 days after theend of the fiscal year to which this report relates. Table of ContentsBRIGHTCOVE INC.Table of Contents Page PART I. Item 1. Business 4 Item 1A. Risk Factors 13 Item 1B. Unresolved Staff Comments 28 Item 2. Properties 29 Item 3. Legal Proceedings 29 Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures 29 PART II. Item 5. Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities 30 Item 6. Selected Consolidated Financial Data 33 Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations 35 Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk 58 Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data 60 Item 9. Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure F-30 Item 9A. Controls and Procedures F-30 Item 9B. Other Information 62 PART III Item 10. Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance 62 Item 11. Executive Compensation 62 Item 12. Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters 62 Item 13. Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence 62 Item 14. Principal Accountant Fees and Services 62 PART IV Item 15. Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules 62 Item 16. Form 10-K Summary 62 Signatures 63 2Table of ContentsSPECIAL NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTSThis Annual Report on Form 10-K contains “forward-looking statements” that involve risks and uncertainties, as well as assumptions that, if they nevermaterialize or prove incorrect, could cause our results to differ materially from those expressed or implied by such forward-looking statements. The statementscontained in this Annual Report on Form 10-K that are not purely historical are forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the SecuritiesAct of 1933, as amended, or Securities Act, and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, or Exchange Act. Such forward-lookingstatements include any expectation of earnings, revenue or other financial items; any statements of the plans, strategies and objectives of management for futureoperations; factors that may affect our operating results; statements related to adding employees; statements related to potential benefits of the acquisition ofsubstantially all of the assets of Unicorn Media, Inc. and certain of its subsidiaries; statements related to future capital expenditures; statements related to futureeconomic conditions or performance; statements as to industry trends and other matters that do not relate strictly to historical facts or statements of assumptionsunderlying any of the foregoing. Forward-looking statements are often identified by the use of words such as, but not limited to, “anticipate,” “believe,” “can,”“continue,” “could,” “estimate,” “expect,” “intend,” “may,” “will,” “plan,” “project,” “seek,” “should,” “target,” “will,” “would,” and similar expressions orvariations intended to identify forward-looking statements. These statements are based on the beliefs and assumptions of our management based on informationcurrently available to management. Such forward-looking statements are subject to risks, uncertainties and other important factors that could cause actual resultsand the timing of certain events to differ materially from future results expressed or implied by such forward-looking statements. Factors that could cause orcontribute to such differences include, but are not limited to, those identified below, and those discussed in the section titled “Risk Factors” included in Item 1A ofPart I of this Annual Report on Form 10-K, and the risks discussed in our other Securities and Exchange Commission, or SEC, filings. Furthermore, such forward-looking statements speak only as of the date of this report. Except as required by law, we undertake no obligation to update any forward-looking statements toreflect events or circumstances after the date of such statements. Forward-looking statements in this Annual Report on Form 10-K may include statements about: • our ability to achieve profitability; • our competitive position and the effect of competition in our industry; • our ability to retain and attract new customers; • our ability to penetrate existing markets and develop new markets for our services; • our ability to retain or hire qualified accounting and other personnel; • our ability to protect our intellectual property and operate our business without infringing upon the intellectual property rights of others; • our ability to maintain the security and reliability of our systems; • our estimates with regard to our future performance and total potential market opportunity; • our estimates regarding our anticipated results of operations, future revenue, bookings growth, capital requirements and our needs for additionalfinancing; and • our goals and strategies, including those related to revenue and bookings growth. 3Table of ContentsPART I Item 1.BusinessOverviewBrightcove Inc., or Brightcove, is a leading global provider of cloud-based services for video. Brightcove was incorporated in Delaware in August 2004 andour headquarters are in Boston, Massachusetts. Our suite of products and services reduces the cost and complexity associated with publishing, distributing,measuring and monetizing video across devices.Brightcove Video Cloud, or Video Cloud, our flagship product released in 2006, is the world’s leading online video platform. Video Cloud enables ourcustomers to publish and distribute video to Internet-connected devices quickly, easily and in a cost-effective and high-quality manner. Brightcove Zencoder, orZencoder, is a cloud-based video encoding service. Brightcove Once, or Once, is an innovative, cloud-based ad insertion and video stitching service that addressesthe limitations of traditional online video ad insertion technology. Brightcove Perform, or Perform, is a cloud-based service for creating and managing video playerexperiences. Brightcove Video Marketing Suite, or Video Marketing Suite, is a comprehensive suite of video technologies designed to address the needs ofmarketers to drive awareness, engagement and conversion. Brightcove Lift, or Lift, is a solution designed to defeat ad blockers, optimize ad delivery and deliver apremium TV-like viewing experience across connected platforms. Brightcove OTT Flow, powered by Accedo, or OTT Flow, released in April 2016, is a servicefor media companies and content owners to rapidly deploy high-quality, direct-to-consumer, live and on-demand video services across platforms. BrightcoveEnterprise Video Suite, or Enterprise Video Suite, released in August 2016, is an enterprise-class platform for internal communications, employee training, livestreaming, marketing and ecommerce videos.Since 2014, our go-to-market approach for our solutions has been focused primarily on (i) media companies and (ii) digital marketers in a wide range ofenterprises and organizations.As of December 31, 2016, we had 4,571 customers in over 75 countries, including many of the world’s leading media companies, broadcasters, publishers,brands and corporations, as well as governments, educational institutions and non-profit organizations.We generate revenue by offering our products to customers on a subscription-based, software as a service, or SaaS, model. Our revenue grew from$134.7 million in the year ended December 31, 2015 to $150.3 million in the year ended December 31, 2016. As of December 31, 2015, we had 5,047 customers,of which 3,184 used our volume offerings and 1,863 used our premium offerings. As of December 31, 2016, we had 4,571 customers, of which 2,564 used ourvolume offerings and 2,007 used our premium offerings. Substantially all of our revenue has historically been attributable to our Video Cloud product, and weexpect that revenue from Video Cloud will continue to comprise a significant portion of our revenue.Our SolutionsOur solutions provide our customers with the following key benefits: • Comprehensive, modular and scalable solutions . Video Cloud provides a single, integrated solution to meet a range of video publishing anddistribution needs. Video Marketing Suite and Enterprise Video Suite are end-to-end solutions of video technologies built for marketers andenterprises, respectively. Each of Zencoder, Once, Perform, Lift and OTT Flow are modular solutions that customers can either use on a stand-alonebasis or integrate into their existing video workflows. In addition, our multi-tenant architecture enables us to deliver each of our solutions across ourcustomer base with a single version of our software for each product, making it easier to scale our solutions as our customer and end user baseexpands. 4Table of Contents • Easy to use and low total cost of ownership . Our products were designed to be intuitive and easy to use. We provide reliable, cost-effective,on-demand solutions to our customers, relieving them of the cost, time and resources associated with in-house solutions and enabling them to be upand running quickly after signing with us. • Open platforms and extensive ecosystem . Our open and extensible platforms enable our customers to customize standard features and functionalityand easily integrate third-party technology to meet their own specific requirements and business objectives. We have an extensive ecosystem ofpartners, which we refer to as the Brightcove Partner Program. More than 150 members of the Brightcove Partner Program have built solutions thatrely upon, or are already integrated with, our platforms. This ecosystem includes leading technology companies such as Akamai, comScore, Googleand Oracle and providers of niche technology services. These integrated technologies provide our customers with enhanced flexibility, functionalityand ease of use. • Help customers achieve business objectives . Our customers use our products to achieve key business objectives such as driving site traffic, increasingviewer engagement on their sites, monetizing content, increasing conversion rates for transactions, increasing brand awareness and expanding theiraudiences, internal communications, employee training and customer support. We believe our customers view us as a strategic partner in part becauseour business model is not dependent on building our own audience or generating our own ad revenue. Our business interests align with our customers’interests as we each benefit from the success of our customers’ online strategy. • Ongoing customer-driven development . Through our account managers, customer support teams, product teams and regular outreach from seniorleadership, we solicit and capture feedback from our customer base for incorporation into ongoing enhancements to our solutions. We regularlyprovide our customers with enhancements to our products. For example, in 2016 we introduced Brightcove Social, which allows customers to managetheir video presence across social networks from a single interface, we launched OTT Flow, we added support for 4K Ultra High-Definition (UHD)content in Zencoder, we added a Salesforce integration to Brightcove Audience, which is used to send video engagement data to popular marketingautomation platforms, and added support for 360-degree video in the Brightcove video player. Delivering cloud-based solutions allows us to serveadditional customers with little incremental expense and to deploy innovations and best practices quickly and efficiently to our existing customers.Our Business StrengthsWe believe that the following business strengths differentiate us from our competitors and are key to our success: • We are the recognized online video platform market leader . In 2016, our customers used Video Cloud to deliver an average of approximately2.7 billion video streams per month, which we believe is more video streams per month than any other professional solution. In 2016, we receivedrecognition for our market leadership from industry analysts such as Frost & Sullivan, Forrester and Gartner. • We have established a global presence . We have established a global presence, beginning with our first non-U.S. customer in 2007, and continuingwith the expansion of our operations into Europe, Japan, Asia Pacific and the Middle East. Today, we have employees in nine countries. We built oursolutions to be localized into almost any language and currently offer 24/7 customer support worldwide. As of December 31, 2016, organizationsthroughout the world used Video Cloud to reach viewers in approximately 245 countries and territories. • We have high visibility and predictability in our business . We sell our subscription and support services through monthly, quarterly or annualcontracts and recognize revenue ratably over the committed term. The majority of our revenue comes from annual contracts. Our existing contractsprovide us with visibility into revenue that has not yet been recognized. We have also achieved an overall recurring 5Table of Contents dollar retention rate of at least 93% in each of the last four fiscal quarters, including 98%, 95%, 97% and 93% for the three months ended March 31,2016, June 30, 2016, September 30, 2016 and December 31, 2016, respectively. Our business model and customer loyalty provide greater levels ofrecurring revenue and predictability compared to traditional, perpetual-license business models. • We have customers of all sizes across multiple industries . We offer different editions of our products tailored to meet the needs of organizations ofvarious sizes, from large global enterprises to small and medium-sized businesses, across industries. Our offerings range from entry-level editions toenterprise-level editions used by multiple departments in a single organization. • Our management team has experience building and scaling software companies . Our senior leadership team has built innovative software platformbusinesses. Members of our senior leadership team have held senior product, business and technology roles at companies such as Adobe, Allaire,Amazon Web Services, AT&T, Lycos and Macromedia.Our CustomersAs of December 31, 2016, we had 4,571 customers in over 75 countries. We provide our solutions to many of the world’s leading media companies,broadcasters, publishers, brands and corporations, as well as governments, educational institutions and non-profit organizations. While our solutions are tailored tomeet the needs of media companies and digital marketers in a wide range of enterprises and organizations, we believe our solutions can benefit any organizationwith a website or digital content.Our Products and ServicesVideo CloudVideo Cloud, the world’s leading online video platform, enables our customers to publish and distribute video to Internet-connected devices quickly, easilyand in a cost-effective and high-quality manner. Our innovative technology and intuitive user interface give customers control over a wide range of features andfunctionality needed to publish and deliver a compelling user experience, including the following: • Uploading and Encoding . Using Video Cloud, customers may upload videos in various formats for adaptive encoding that maximizes quality andminimizes file size. Video Cloud then automatically enables the content to be delivered to end users via a third-party content delivery network, orCDN, such as Akamai Technologies, Inc., or Akamai, or Limelight Networks, Inc., or Limelight. • Content Management . Whether a customer has a few short video clips or thousands of full-length episodes, Video Cloud makes it easy to organize amedia library. Videos can be grouped together with drag-and-drop controls or smart playlists that automatically organize content. Customers can setrules for geographic access and schedules to define where and when their videos can be viewed. • Video Players . Video Cloud includes leading video player technology, with fast load times and fast video starts. Video Cloud allows forpoint-and-click styling and configuration of video players that can reflect the brand or design of the customer. Our video players also include built-insupport for advertising, analytics and content protection, and provide a consistent cross-platform playback experience. Developers can also takeadvantage of a set of tools to create completely custom video player experiences. • Multi-platform video experiences . We have built Video Cloud to support numerous operating systems, formats and devices. In addition to web-basedexperiences, Video Cloud provides publishing and delivery services for cross-platform devices including smartphones, tablets, media streamingdevices and Connected TVs. Our solution includes automated device detection and manages multiple renditions of the same video encoded in differentforms with optimized delivery protocols for different target formats. 6Table of Contents • Live Video Streaming . In addition to on-demand video distribution, Video Cloud includes support for live video broadcasts. Video Cloud acceptsmultiple live streams at different quality levels and delivers the rendition that attempts to best match each viewer’s available bandwidth, processorutilization and player size. • Distribution and Syndication . Video Cloud supports a blended distribution strategy across the Internet, allowing customers to distribute videos ontheir own website, partner websites or video-sharing sites such as YouTube. These tools help content owners to drive site traffic, increase brandawareness and expand their audience. • Social Media . Customers can expand their audience by leveraging the social network of their viewers. Through integrated Video Cloud capabilities,users can share complete videos or video clips through Facebook, YouTube, Twitter and other social media destinations. Brightcove Social, released inNovember 2016, allows customers to manage their video presence across social networks from a single interface. With Brightcove Social, customerscan edit, publish and track their videos in the native playback environments of Facebook, YouTube and Twitter, as well as their own websites, fromVideo Cloud. • Advertising and Monetization . Video Cloud can help customers grow and monetize their audience with video ad features such as tools for adinsertions and built-in ad server and network integrations. Video Cloud includes tools to support synchronized in-player ads with embedded linkfunctionality and overlays for persistent branding. • Analytics . Video Cloud’s integrated video analytics present information to optimize and support customers’ online video publishing and distributionstrategy. Online publishers can also choose to integrate web analytics solutions such as Adobe Omniture or Google Analytics with Video Cloud.ZencoderZencoder is a cloud-based video encoding service. Zencoder provides our customers with high-quality, reliable encoding of live and on-demand video andaccess to highly scalable encoding power without having to pay for, manage and scale expensive hardware and software. Zencoder includes the following principalfeatures and functionality: • File Support . Zencoder accepts files in an extensive range of formats and codecs and supports video output to a multitude of devices. • Quality and Control . Zencoder includes tools to support high quality video output and to adjust and edit video. • Speed and Reliability. Zencoder provides extremely fast transcoding and industry leading reliability. • Platform and Security . Zencoder is scalable, globally distributed and includes advanced security features designed to protect content. • Account and Integration . Zencoder provides a simple API for streamlined integration, supports most major transfer protocols and accelerated filetransfers and allows users to manage their accounts and encoding jobs from an intuitive, online dashboard.OnceOnce is an innovative, cloud-based ad insertion and video stitching service that addresses the limitations of traditional online video ad insertion technology.Once reduces or eliminates the need for platform-specific ad technology and makes it possible for customers to reliably deliver live or on-demand video withdynamically customized programming and targeted ads to the maximum range of devices. Once includes the following principal features and functionality: • Reach . Once features cloud-based ad monetization of video on demand across devices, apps and websites. 7Table of Contents • Integrations . Once is pre-integrated with ad networks and ad decision systems. • Server-Side Solution . Once is a server-side solution, requiring no SDKs, plug-ins or client-side code. • Simplicity. Once uses a single URL with automatic device detection to deliver high bit-rate broadcast quality video ads.PerformPerform is a cloud-based service for creating and managing video player experiences. This service provides customers with leading video player technology,a robust set of management APIs and performance optimization services. Perform delivers cross-platform playback experiences and includes built-in support foradvertising, analytics and content protection. Perform includes the following principal features and functionality: • Leading Video Player Technology. Perform includes a fast HTML5-first video player, responsive design, social sharing and integration tools andsupport for adaptive bitrate streaming across all major mobile and desktop platforms. • Speed. Perform is designed to have the fastest load times and the fastest video starts. Perform’s precompiled plugins, skinned assets and thumbnailsminimize download size. Perform is optimized to reduce network traffic. Perform also allows customers to deploy changes to thousands of playerembeds with batch publishing to accelerate time-to-market. • Wide Reach . Perform allows customers to reach the maximum range of Internet-connected devices and operating systems with consistent playbackacross desktop and mobile devices. • Powerful APIs, Plugins and SDKs . The developer-friendly, HTML5 video player is easily customized with CSS and JavaScript APIs. Perform’sManagement APIs also allow customers to easily control player configurations. Perform has a robust ecosystem of plugins and integrations, includingbuilt-in support for advertising, analytics and content protection, as well as numerous open-source plugins from the Video.js community. Perform alsoincludes native player SDKs for easy development and deployment of native applications.Video Marketing SuiteVideo Marketing Suite is a comprehensive suite of video technologies designed to address the needs of marketers to drive awareness, engagement andconversion. Video Marketing Suite is a bundled offering of Video Cloud, Brightcove Gallery, or Gallery, and Brightcove Social. Gallery is a cloud-based servicethat enables customers to create and publish video portals. This service combines portal templates with best practices for search engine optimization, responsivedesign, social sharing and conversion in a single solution that can be implemented and updated with ease. Gallery allows customers to create engaging videoexperiences such as video channels, product showcases, event microsites and video support centers. Brightcove Social, released in November 2016, allowscustomers to manage their video presence across social networks from a single interface. With Brightcove Social, customers can edit, publish and track their videosin the native playback environments of Facebook, YouTube and Twitter, as well as their own websites, from Video Cloud.LiftLift is a solution designed to defeat ad blockers, optimize ad delivery and deliver a premium TV-like viewing experience across connected platforms. Lift isa bundled offering of Once and Perform, which combines server-side ad insertion with leading video player technology to enable broadcasters and publishers toincrease ad deliverability and inventory while supporting client-side interactivity, reporting and analytics.OTT FlowOTT Flow is a service for media companies and content owners to rapidly deploy high-quality, direct-to-consumer, live and on-demand video services acrossplatforms. OTT Flow enables video content delivery with a 8Table of Contentsconsistent user interface across multiple platforms, including desktop, Apple and Android smartphones and tablets, and Google Chromecast. OTT Flow alsoincludes support for ad-supported and subscription video-on-demand models with ecommerce, customer relationship management, or CRM, and billing engineinterfaces. This product also features a flexible and intuitive web-based administrative console for user interface and user experience configuration, rules-basedcontent packaging and scheduling capabilities, robust analytics and subtitle and caption support.Enterprise Video SuiteEnterprise Video Suite is an enterprise-class platform for internal communications, employee training, live streaming, marketing and ecommerce videos.Enterprise Video Suite is a bundled offering of Video Cloud, Gallery, and Brightcove Live. Brightcove Live is an optional add-on to Video Cloud designed toenable non-technical users to set up live events and deliver multi-bitrate streams to multiple devices, without the need for hardware encoders or development work.EditionsEach of our products is offered to customers on a subscription-based SaaS model, with varying levels of usage entitlements, support and, in certain cases,functionality. Our customers pay us a monthly, quarterly or annual subscription fee for access to our products. This model allows our customers to scale their levelof investment and usage based on the size and complexity of their needs.Video Cloud is offered in two product lines. The first product line is comprised of our premium product editions, Pro and Enterprise. All Pro and Enterpriseeditions include functionality to publish and distribute video to Internet-connected devices. The Enterprise edition provides additional features and functionalitysuch as a multi-account environment and IP-restricted players. The second product line is comprised of our volume product edition, which we refer to as ourExpress edition. Our Express edition targets small and medium-sized businesses, or SMBs. The Express edition provides customers with the same basicfunctionality that is offered in our premium product editions but has been designed for customers who have lower usage requirements and do not typically seekadvanced features and functionality.Video Marketing Suite and Enterprise Video Suite are each available in a Starter, Pro and Enterprise edition. The Starter edition for each provides customerswith the same basic functionality that is offered in the Pro and Enterprise editions but has been designed for customers who have lower usage requirements and donot typically seek advanced features and functionality. All Video Marketing Suite and Enterprise Video Suite customers are considered premium customers.Zencoder customers are considered premium customers other than Zencoder customers on month-to-month contracts or pay-as-you-go contracts, which areconsidered volume customers.All Once, Perform, Lift and OTT Flow customers are considered premium customers.Account ManagementAn important component of our sales strategy is our account management organization. This organization is focused on ongoing customer success andengagement, as well as contract renewals and upsells to our customer base.Professional ServicesWhile our products are easy for customers to use and deploy without any additional specialized services, we offer a range of professional services forcustomers who seek customization or assistance with their implementations. These professional services are priced on a time and materials basis or a per projectbasis and include projects such as content migrations from other vendors or in-house solutions, video player enhancements and the creation of web pages optimizedfor video. 9Table of ContentsSupportOur products generally include basic support for technical and operational issues. The premium editions of our products generally include telephone supportduring normal business hours. We also offer 24/7 global telephone support to customers paying for premium support packages.TrainingWe offer free basic online training to registered users of our products. We also offer customized, onsite training for customers that is priced on a perengagement basis.Sales and MarketingWe sell our products primarily through our global direct sales organization. Our sales team is organized by the following geographic regions: Americas,Europe and the Middle East, Asia Pacific, and Japan. We further organize our go-to-market approach by focusing our sales and marketing teams on sellingprimarily to (i) media companies, who generally want to distribute video content to a broad audience and (ii) digital marketers in a wide range of enterprises andorganizations, who generally use video for marketing or communication purposes. A small amount of sales are generated through referral partners, channel partnersand resellers. We also sell some of our products online through our website.We generate customer leads, accelerate sales opportunities and build brand awareness through our marketing programs. Our marketing programs targetexecutives, technology professionals and senior business leaders. Like our sales teams, our marketing team and programs are organized by geography and industrysegment. Our principal marketing programs include: • public relations and social media; • online event marketing activities, direct email, search engine marketing and display ads and blogs; • field marketing events for customers and prospects; • participation in, and sponsorship of, user conferences, trade shows and industry events; • use of our website to provide product and organization information, as well as learning opportunities for potential customers; • cooperative marketing efforts with partners, including joint press announcements, joint trade show activities, channel marketing campaigns and jointseminars; • telemarketing and lead generation representatives who respond to incoming leads to convert them into new sales opportunities; and • customer programs, including user meetings and our online customer community.OperationsWe operate data center facilities in the greater Boston area and the greater Chicago area, and also use third-party cloud computing platforms. We operate ourown servers for systems that manage meta-data, business rules and archival storage of media assets. We take advantage of geographically dispersed, third-party,cloud computing capacity to improve the responsiveness of our service and lower network latency for our customers.Media delivery to end users, including video, audio, images and JavaScript components, is served primarily through CDN providers, including Akamai andLimelight. We believe our agreements with our CDN providers are based on competitive market terms and conditions, including service level commitments fromthese CDN providers.We entered into our agreement with Akamai in July 2010. It enables us to use Akamai CDN services for our own benefit and to resell Akamai CDN servicesto our customers in every geographic location in which we offer our products. The current expiration date of the agreement is December 31, 2019. 10Table of ContentsWe entered into our agreement with Limelight in March 2006. Our agreement with Limelight enables us to use Limelight CDN services for our own benefitand to resell Limelight CDN services to our customers in every geographic location in which we offer our products. The current expiration date of the agreement isApril 30, 2017. We believe the agreement will be renewed or the term of the agreement will be extended again prior to the expiration of the service continuationperiod described below.Each agreement contains a service continuation period following expiration of the agreement, which we believe is sufficient to enable transition to analternative provider to avoid material disruption to our business or to our customers. Our agreement with Akamai provides that, upon termination for any reason,Akamai will continue to provide CDN services to our existing customers for up to twelve months. Our agreement with Limelight provides that, upon terminationfor any reason, Limelight will continue to provide CDN services for our benefit for up to six months.Intellectual PropertyWe rely principally on a combination of trademark, patent, copyright and trade secret laws in the United States and other jurisdictions, as well asconfidentiality procedures and contractual provisions to protect our proprietary technology, confidential information, business strategies and brands. We alsobelieve that factors such as the technological and creative skills of our employees coupled with the creation of new features, functionality and products are essentialto establishing and maintaining a technology leadership position. We enter into confidentiality and invention assignment agreements with our employees andconsultants and confidentiality agreements with other third parties, and we rigorously control access to our proprietary technology.In the United States, we have 31 issued and/or allowed patents and 11 patent applications pending. Internationally, we have 13 issued and/or allowed patentsand 21 patent applications pending, including two patent applications undergoing examination at the European Patent Office. We currently have patent applicationspending in Canada, United Kingdom, Australia, Hong Kong and Japan, and we may seek coverage in additional jurisdictions to the extent we determine suchcoverage is appropriate and cost-effective. Our issued patents cover a variety of technical domains relevant to our business, including aspects of publishing anddistributing digital media online, cloud-based stream delivery and ad insertion.Our registered trademarks in the United States include “BRIGHTCOVE”, “ZENCODER”, ONCEVOD and our logo. These trademarks are also registered incertain non-U.S. jurisdictions, including the European Union and Canada. We may apply for registrations for these and other marks in additional jurisdictions to theextent we determine such coverage is appropriate and cost-effective.Despite our efforts to protect our proprietary rights, unauthorized parties may attempt to copy or obtain and use our technology to develop products with thesame functionality as our solutions. Policing unauthorized use of our technology is difficult and expensive. Our competitors could also independently developtechnologies equivalent to ours, and our intellectual property rights may not be broad enough for us to prevent competitors from selling products incorporatingthose technologies.CompetitionWe compete with video-sharing sites such as YouTube, in-house solutions, online video platforms and a broad range of other technology providers. Some ofour actual and potential competitors may enjoy competitive advantages over us, such as larger marketing budgets and larger sales teams, as well as greaterfinancial, technical and other resources. The overall markets for our products are fragmented, rapidly evolving and highly competitive. 11Table of ContentsWe expect that the competitive landscape will change as our markets consolidate and mature. We believe the principal competitive factors in our industryinclude the following: • total cost of ownership; • breadth and depth of product functionality; • ability to innovate and respond to customer needs rapidly; • level of resources and investment in sales, marketing, product and technology; • ease of deployment and use of solutions; • level of integration into existing workflows, configurability, scalability and reliability; • customer service; • brand awareness and reputation; • ability to integrate with third-party applications and technologies; • size and scale of provider; and • size of customer base and level of user adoption.The mix of factors relevant in any given situation varies with regard to each prospective customer. We believe we compete favorably with respect to all ofthese factors.Some of our competitors have made or may make acquisitions or enter into partnerships or other strategic relationships to offer a more comprehensiveservice than we do. These combinations may make it more difficult for us to compete effectively, including on the basis of price, sales and marketing programs,technology or service functionality. We expect these trends to continue as organizations attempt to strengthen or maintain their market positions.Research and DevelopmentWe have focused our research and development efforts on expanding the functionality and scalability of our products and enhancing their ease of use, as wellas creating new product offerings. We expect research and development expenses to increase in absolute dollars as we intend to continue to regularly release newfeatures and functionality, expand our product offerings, continue the localization of our products in various languages, upgrade and extend our service offerings,and develop new technologies. Over the long term, we believe that research and development expenses as a percentage of revenue will decrease, but will varydepending upon the mix of revenue from new and existing products, features and functionality, as well as changes in the technology that our products must support,such as new operating systems or new Internet-connected devices.Our research and development expenses were $30.2 million, $29.3 million and $28.3 million in 2016, 2015 and 2014, respectively, which included stock-based compensation expense of $1.3 million, $1.4 million and $1.4 million, respectively. As of December 31, 2016, we had 159 employees in research anddevelopment.EmployeesAs of December 31, 2016, we had 490 employees, of which 382 were located in the United States and 108 were located outside of the United States. None ofour employees are represented by a labor union or covered by a collective bargaining agreement. We consider our relationship with our employees to be good.Information about Segment and Geographic RevenueInformation about segment and geographic revenue is set forth in Note 11 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements under Item 8 of this AnnualReport on Form 10-K. 12Table of ContentsAvailable InformationOur principal executive offices are located at 290 Congress Street, Boston, Massachusetts, 02210. Our telephone number is (888) 882-1880. Our websiteaddress is www.brightcove.com . Our Annual Reports on Form 10-K, Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q, Current Reports on Form 8-K and amendments to thosereports filed or furnished pursuant to Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 are available free of charge through the investor relations pageof our website as soon as reasonably practicable after we electronically file such material with, or furnish it to, the Securities and Exchange Commission.Alternatively, these reports may be accessed at the SEC’s website at www.sec.gov . Item 1A.Risk FactorsYou should carefully review the risk factors described below and those described in other reports we file with the Securities and Exchange Commission, aswell as the other information contained in this Annual Report on Form 10-K, in evaluating our business. Our business, prospects, financial condition, or operatingresults could be harmed by any of these risks, as well as other risks not currently known to us or that we currently consider immaterial. If any of such risks anduncertainties actually occurs, our business, financial condition or operating results could differ materially from the plans, projections and other forward-lookingstatements included in the section titled “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” and elsewhere in this reportand in our other public filings. The trading price of our common stock could decline due to any of these risks, and, as a result, you may lose all or part of yourinvestment.We have a history of losses, we expect to continue to incur losses and we may not achieve or sustain profitability in the future.We have incurred significant losses in each fiscal year since our inception in 2004. We experienced a consolidated net loss of $16.9 million for the yearended December 31, 2014, a consolidated net loss of $7.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2015 and a consolidated net loss of $10.0 million for the yearended December 31, 2016. These losses were due to the substantial investments we made to build our products and services, grow and maintain our business andacquire customers. Key elements of our growth strategy include acquiring new customers and continuing to innovate and build our brand. As a result, we expectour operating expenses to increase in the future due to expected increased sales and marketing expenses, operations costs, research and development costs andgeneral and administrative costs and, therefore, our operating losses will continue or even potentially increase for the foreseeable future. In addition, as a publiccompany we incur significant legal, accounting and other expenses that we did not incur as a private company. Furthermore, to the extent that we are successful inincreasing our customer base, we will also incur increased expenses because costs associated with generating and supporting customer agreements are generallyincurred up front, while revenue is generally recognized ratably over the committed term of the agreement. You should not rely upon our recent bookings orrevenue growth as indicative of our future performance. We cannot assure you that we will reach profitability in the future or at any specific time in the future orthat, if and when we do become profitable, we will sustain profitability. If we are ultimately unable to generate sufficient revenue to meet our financial targets,become profitable and have sustainable positive cash flows, investors could lose their investment.Substantially all of our revenue has historically come from a single product, Video Cloud.We have historically been substantially dependent on revenue from a single product, Video Cloud, and we expect that revenue from Video Cloud willcontinue to comprise a significant portion of our revenue. Our business would be harmed by a decline in the market for Video Cloud, increased competition in themarket for online video platforms, or our failure or inability to provide sufficient investment to support Video Cloud as needed to maintain or grow its competitiveposition. 13Table of ContentsIf we are unable to retain our existing customers, our revenue and results of operations will be adversely affected.We sell our products pursuant to agreements that are generally for annual terms. Our customers have no obligation to renew their subscriptions after theirsubscription period expires, and we have experienced losses of customers that elected not to renew, in some cases, for reasons beyond our control. For example, ourlargest customer during 2016 has faced distressing financial circumstances in recent quarters. As a result, we expect to lose substantially all of the revenue weexpected to generate from this customer in 2017. In addition, even if subscriptions are renewed, they may not be renewed on the same or on more profitable terms.As a result, our ability to retain our existing customers and grow depends in part on subscription renewals. We may not be able to accurately predict future trends incustomer renewals, and our customers’ renewal rates have and may continue to decline or fluctuate because of several factors, including their satisfaction ordissatisfaction with our services, the cost of our services and the cost of services offered by our competitors, reductions in our customers’ spending levels or theintroduction by competitors of attractive features and functionality. If our customer retention rate decreases, we may need to increase the rate at which we add newcustomers in order to maintain and grow our revenue, which may require us to incur significantly higher advertising and marketing expenses than we currentlyanticipate, or our revenue may decline. If our customers do not renew their subscriptions for our services, renew on less favorable terms, or do not purchaseadditional functionality or subscriptions, our revenue may grow more slowly than expected or decline, and our profitability and gross margins may be harmed oraffected.Our long term financial targets are predicated on bookings and revenue growth and operating margin improvements that we may fail to achieve, which couldreduce our expected earnings and cause us to fail to meet the expectations of analysts or investors and cause the price of our securities to decline.We are projecting long-term bookings, revenue and earnings growth. Our projections are based on the expected growth potential in our premium customerbase, as well as the market for on-demand software solutions generally. We may not achieve the expected bookings and revenue growth if the markets we serve donot grow at expected rates, if customers do not purchase or renew subscriptions as we expect, and/or if we are not able to deliver products desired by customers andpotential customers. Our long-term operating margin improvement targets are predicated on operating leverage as long term revenue increases and improvedoperating efficiencies from moving to additional cloud-based delivery of services, together with lower cost of goods sold, research and development expenses andgeneral and administrative expenses as a percentage of total revenue. If operating margins do not improve, our earnings could be adversely affected and the price ofour securities could decline.The actual market for our solutions could be significantly smaller than our estimates of our total potential market opportunity, and if customer demand for ourservices does not meet expectations, our ability to generate revenue and meet our financial targets could be adversely affected.While we expect strong growth in the markets for our products, it is possible that the growth in some or all of these markets may not meet our expectations,or materialize at all. The methodology on which our estimate of our total potential market opportunity is based includes several key assumptions based on ourindustry knowledge and customer experience. If any of these assumptions proves to be inaccurate, then the actual market for our solutions could be significantlysmaller than our estimates of our total potential market opportunity. If the customer demand for our services or the adoption rate in our target markets does notmeet our expectations, our ability to generate revenue from customers and meet our financial targets could be adversely affected.Our business is substantially dependent upon the continued growth of the market for on-demand software solutions.We derive, and expect to continue to derive, substantially all of our revenue from the sale of our on-demand solutions. As a result, widespread acceptanceand use of the on-demand business model is critical to our future growth and success. Under the perpetual or periodic license model for software procurement,users of the software would typically install and operate the applications on their hardware. Because many companies are generally predisposed to maintainingcontrol of their information technology, or IT, systems and infrastructure, 14Table of Contentsthere may be resistance to the concept of accessing software as a service provided by a third party. In addition, the market for on-demand software solutions is stillevolving, and competitive dynamics may cause pricing levels to change as the market matures and as existing and new market participants introduce new types ofsolutions and different approaches to enable organizations to address their technology needs. As a result, we may be forced to reduce the prices we charge for ourproducts and may be unable to renew existing customer agreements or enter into new customer agreements at the same prices and upon the same terms that wehave historically. If the market for on-demand software solutions fails to grow, grows more slowly than we currently anticipate or evolves and forces us to reducethe prices we charge for our products, our bookings growth, revenue, gross margin and other operating results could be materially adversely affected.Our operating results may fluctuate from quarter to quarter, which could make them difficult to predict.Our quarterly operating results are tied to certain financial and operational metrics that have fluctuated in the past and may fluctuate significantly in thefuture. As a result, you should not rely upon our past quarterly operating results as indicators of future performance. Our operating results depend on numerousfactors, many of which are outside of our control. In addition to the other risks described in this “Risk Factors” section, the following risks could cause ouroperating results to fluctuate: • our ability to retain existing customers and attract new customers; • the rates at which our customers renew; • the timing and amount of costs of new and existing marketing and advertising efforts; • the timing and amount of operating costs and capital expenditures relating to expansion of our business, operations and infrastructure; • the cost and timing of the development and introduction of new product and service offerings by us or our competitors; and • system or service failures, security breaches or network downtime.We have a relatively short operating history in a relatively new and rapidly developing market, which makes it difficult to evaluate our business and futureprospects.Our business has a relatively short operating history and the market for our products and services is relatively new and rapidly developing, which makes itdifficult to evaluate our business and future prospects. We have been in existence since 2004, and much of our growth has occurred in recent periods. We haveencountered, and will continue to encounter, risks and difficulties frequently experienced by growing companies in rapidly changing industries, including thoserelated to: • market acceptance of our current and future products and services; • customer renewal rates; • our ability to compete with other companies that are currently in, or may in the future enter, the market for our products; • our ability to successfully expand our business, especially internationally; • our ability to control costs, including our operating expenses; • the amount and timing of operating expenses, particularly sales and marketing expenses, related to the maintenance and expansion of our business,operations and infrastructure; • network outages or security breaches and any associated expenses; • foreign currency exchange rate fluctuations; • write-downs, impairment charges or unforeseen liabilities in connection with acquisitions; 15Table of Contents • our ability to successfully manage acquisitions; and • general economic and political conditions in our domestic and international markets.If we do not manage these risks successfully, our business will be harmed.Our long-term success depends, in part, on our ability to expand the sales of our products to customers located outside of the United States, and thus ourbusiness is susceptible to risks associated with international sales and operations.We currently maintain offices and have sales personnel in Australia, France, Japan, Singapore, South Korea, Spain, the United Arab Emirates and the UnitedKingdom, and we intend to expand our international operations. Any international expansion efforts that we may undertake may not be successful. In addition,conducting international operations subjects us to new risks that we have not generally faced in the United States. These risks include: • unexpected costs and errors in the localization of our products, including translation into foreign languages and adaptation for local practices andregulatory requirements; • lack of familiarity with and burdens of complying with foreign laws, legal standards, regulatory requirements, tariffs, and other barriers; • unexpected changes in regulatory requirements, taxes, trade laws, tariffs, export quotas, custom duties or other trade restrictions; • difficulties in managing systems integrators and technology partners; • differing technology standards; • longer accounts receivable payment cycles and difficulties in collecting accounts receivable; • difficulties in managing and staffing international operations and differing employer/employee relationships; • fluctuations in exchange rates that may increase the volatility of our foreign-based revenue; • potentially adverse tax consequences, including the complexities of foreign value added tax (or other tax) systems and restrictions on the repatriationof earnings; • uncertain political and economic climates; and • reduced or varied protection for intellectual property rights in some countries.These factors may cause our costs of doing business in these geographies to exceed our comparable domestic costs. Operating in international markets alsorequires significant management attention and financial resources. Any negative impact from our international business efforts could negatively impact ourbusiness, results of operations and financial condition as a whole.We must keep up with rapid technological change to remain competitive in a rapidly evolving industry.Our markets are characterized by rapid technological change, frequent new product and service introductions and evolving industry standards. Our futuresuccess will depend on our ability to adapt quickly to rapidly changing technologies, to adapt our services and products to evolving industry standards and toimprove the performance and reliability of our services and products. To achieve market acceptance for our products, we must effectively anticipate and offerproducts that meet changing customer demands in a timely manner. Customers may require features and functionality that our current products do not have. If wefail to develop products that satisfy customer preferences in a timely and cost-effective manner, our ability to renew our contracts with existing customers and ourability to create or increase demand for our products will be harmed. 16Table of ContentsWe may experience difficulties with software development, industry standards, design or marketing that could delay or prevent our development,introduction or implementation of new products and enhancements. The introduction of new products by competitors, the emergence of new industry standards orthe development of entirely new technologies to replace existing offerings could render our existing or future products obsolete.If we are unable to successfully develop or acquire new features and functionality, enhance our existing products to anticipate and meet customerrequirements or sell our products into new markets, our bookings growth, revenue and results of operations will be adversely affected.We face significant competition and may be unsuccessful against current and future competitors. If we do not compete effectively, our operating results andfuture growth could be harmed.We compete with video sharing sites, in-house solutions, online video platforms and certain niche technology providers, as well as larger companies thatoffer multiple services, including those that may be used as substitute services for our products. Competition is already intense in these markets and, with theintroduction of new technologies and market entrants, we expect competition to further intensify in the future. In addition, some of our competitors may makeacquisitions, be acquired, or enter into strategic relationships to offer a more comprehensive service than we do. These combinations may make it more difficult forus to compete effectively. We expect these trends to continue as competitors attempt to strengthen or maintain their market positions.Demand for our services is sensitive to price. Many factors, including our advertising, customer acquisition and technology costs, and our current and futurecompetitors’ pricing and marketing strategies, can significantly affect our pricing strategies. There can be no assurance that we will not be forced to engage inprice-cutting initiatives, or to increase our advertising and other expenses to attract and retain customers in response to competitive pressures, either of which couldhave a material adverse effect on our revenue, operating results and resources.We will likely encounter significant, growing competition in our business from many sources, including portals and digital media retailers, search engines,social networking and consumer-sharing services companies, broadband media distribution platforms, technology suppliers, direct broadcast satellite televisionservice companies and digital and traditional cable systems. Many of our present and likely future competitors have substantially greater financial, marketing,technological and other resources than we do. Some of these companies may even choose to offer services competitive with ours at no cost as a strategy to attract orretain customers of their other services. If we are unable to compete successfully with traditional and other emerging providers of competing services, our business,financial condition and results of operations could be adversely affected.We depend on the experience and expertise of our executive officers, senior management team and key technical employees, and the loss of any key employeecould have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.Our success depends upon the continued service of our executive officers, senior management team and key technical employees, as well as our ability tocontinue to attract and retain additional highly qualified personnel. Each of our executive officers, senior management team, key technical personnel and otheremployees could terminate his or her relationship with us at any time. The loss of any member of our senior management team or key personnel might significantlydelay or prevent the achievement of our business objectives and could materially harm our business and our customer relationships. In addition, because of thenature of our business, the loss of any significant number of our existing engineering, project management and sales personnel could have an adverse effect on ourbusiness, financial condition and results of operations. 17Table of ContentsOur business and operations have experienced rapid growth and organizational change in recent periods, which has placed, and may continue to place,significant demands on our management and infrastructure. If we fail to manage our growth effectively and successfully recruit additional highly-qualifiedemployees, we may be unable to execute our business plan, maintain high levels of service or address competitive challenges adequately.We increased our number of full-time employees from 410 as of December 31, 2014, to 413 as of December 31, 2015 and to 490 as of December 31, 2016,and our revenue grew from $125.0 million in 2014 to $134.7 million in 2015 and to $150.3 million in 2016. Our headcount and operations have grown, bothdomestically and internationally, since our inception. This growth has placed, and will continue to place, a significant strain on our management, administrative,operational and financial infrastructure. We anticipate further growth will be required to address increases in our product and service offerings and continuedinternational expansion. Our success will depend in part upon the ability of our senior management team to manage this growth effectively. To do so, we mustcontinue to recruit, hire, train, manage and integrate a significant number of qualified managers, technical personnel and employees in specialized roles within ourcompany, including in technology, sales and marketing. If our new employees perform poorly, or if we are unsuccessful in recruiting, hiring, training, managingand integrating these new employees, or retaining these or our existing employees, our business may suffer.In addition, to manage the expected continued growth of our headcount, operations and geographic expansion, we will need to continue to improve ourinformation technology infrastructure, operational, financial and management systems and procedures. Our expected additional headcount and capital investmentswill increase our costs, which will make it more difficult for us to address any future revenue shortfalls by reducing expenses in the short term. If we fail tosuccessfully manage our growth we will be unable to successfully execute our business plan, which could have a negative impact on our business, financialcondition or results of operations.Potential future acquisitions could be difficult to integrate, divert the attention of key personnel, disrupt our business, dilute stockholder value and impair ourfinancial results.As part of our business strategy, we intend to consider acquisitions of companies, technologies and products that we believe could accelerate our ability tocompete in our core markets or allow us to enter new markets. Acquisitions involve numerous risks, any of which could harm our business, including: • difficulties in integrating the technologies, products, operations and existing contracts of a target company and realizing the anticipated benefits of thecombined businesses; • difficulties in integrating the personnel of a target company; • difficulties in supporting and transitioning customers, if any, of a target company; • diversion of financial and management resources from existing operations; • the price we pay or other resources that we devote may exceed the value we realize, or the value we could have realized if we had allocated thepurchase price or other resources to another opportunity; • risks of entering new markets in which we have limited or no experience; • potential loss of key employees, customers and strategic alliances from either our current business or a target company’s business; and • inability to generate sufficient revenue to offset acquisition costs.Acquisitions also frequently result in the recording of goodwill and other intangible assets which are subject to potential impairments in the future that couldharm our financial results. In addition, if we finance acquisitions by issuing equity securities, our existing stockholders may be diluted. As a result, if we fail toproperly evaluate acquisitions or investments, we may not achieve the anticipated benefits of any such acquisitions, and we mayincur costs in excess of what we anticipate. The failure to successfully evaluate and execute acquisitions or investments or otherwise adequately address these riskscould materially harm our business and financial results. 18Table of ContentsWe may experience delays in product and service development, including delays beyond our control, which could prevent us from achieving our growthobjectives and hurt our business.Many of the problems, delays and expenses we may encounter may be beyond our control. Such problems may include, but are not limited to, problemsrelated to the technical development of our products and services, problems with the infrastructure for the distribution and delivery of online media, the competitiveenvironment in which we operate, marketing problems, consumer and advertiser acceptance and costs and expenses that may exceed current estimates. Problems,delays or expenses in any of these areas could have a negative impact on our business, financial conditions or results of operations.Delays in the timely design, development, deployment and commercial operation of our product and service offerings, and consequently the achievement ofour revenue targets and positive cash flow, could result from a variety of causes, including many causes that are beyond our control. Such delays include, but arenot limited to, delays in the integration of new offers into our existing offering, changes to our products and services made to correct or enhance their features,performance or marketability or in response to regulatory developments or otherwise, delays encountered in the development, integration or testing of our productsand services and the infrastructure for the distribution and delivery of online media and other systems, unsuccessful commercial launches of new products andservices, delays in our ability to obtain financing, insufficient or ineffective marketing efforts and slower-than-anticipated consumer acceptance of our products.Delays in any of these matters could hinder or prevent our achievement of our growth objectives and hurt our business.There is no assurance that the current cost of Internet connectivity and network access will not rise with the increasing popularity of online media services.We rely on third-party service providers for our principal connections to the Internet and network access, and to deliver media to consumers. As demand foronline media increases, there can be no assurance that Internet and network service providers will continue to price their network access services on reasonableterms. The distribution of online media requires delivery of digital content files and providers of network access and distribution may change their business modelsand increase their prices significantly, which could slow the widespread adoption of such services. In order for our services to be successful, there must be areasonable price model in place to allow for the continuous distribution of digital media files. We have limited or no control over the extent to which any of thesecircumstances may occur, and if network access or distribution prices rise, our business, financial condition and results of operations would likely be adverselyaffected.Failure of our infrastructure for the distribution and delivery of online media could adversely affect our business.Our success as a business depends, in large part, on our ability to provide a consistently high-quality digital experience to consumers via our relationshipsand infrastructure for the distribution and delivery of online media generally. There is no guarantee that our relationships and infrastructure will not experienceproblems or other performance issues, which could seriously impair the quality and reliability of our delivery of digital media to end users. For example, weprimarily use two content delivery networks, or CDNs, to deliver content to end users. If one or both of these CDNs were to experience sustained technical failures,it could cause delays in our service and we could lose customers. If we do not accurately predict our infrastructure capacity requirements, our customers couldexperience service outages or service degradation that may subject us to financial penalties and liabilities and result in customer losses. In the past we have, onlimited occasions, suffered temporary interruptions of certain aspects of our service, including our customers’ ability to upload new content into our system, ourcustomers’ ability to access administrative control of their accounts, and our ability to deliver content to end users in certain geographic locations. These serviceinterruptions were the results of human error, hardware and software failures or failures of third-party networks. On a limited number of occasions, these serviceinterruptions have required us to provide service credits to customers. We cannot guarantee that service interruptions will not occur again or predict the duration ofinterruptions of our service or the impact of such interruptions on our customers. Failures and interruptions of our service may impact our reputation, result in our 19Table of Contentspayment of compensation or service credits to our customers, result in loss of customers and adversely affect our financial results and ability to grow our business.In addition, if our hosting infrastructure capacity fails to keep pace with increased sales or if our delivery capabilities fail, customers may experience delays as weseek to obtain additional capacity or enable alternative delivery capability, which could harm our reputation and adversely affect our revenue growth.We may have difficulty scaling and adapting our existing infrastructure to accommodate increased traffic and storage, technology advances or customerrequirements.In the future, advances in technology, increases in traffic and storage, and new customer requirements may require us to change our infrastructure, expandour infrastructure or replace our infrastructure entirely. Scaling and adapting our infrastructure is likely to be complex and require additional technical expertise. Ifwe are required to make any changes to our infrastructure, we may incur substantial costs and experience delays or interruptions in our service. These delays orinterruptions may cause customers and partners to become dissatisfied with our service and move to competing service providers. Our failure to accommodateincreased traffic and storage, increased costs, inefficiencies or failures to adapt to new technologies or customer requirements and the associated adjustments to ourinfrastructure could harm our business, financial condition and results of operations.We rely on software and services licensed from other parties. The loss of software or services from third parties could increase our costs and limit the featuresavailable in our products and services.Components of our service and product offerings include various types of software and services licensed from unaffiliated parties. If any of the software orservices we license from others or functional equivalents thereof were either no longer available to us or no longer offered on commercially reasonable terms, wewould be required to either redesign our services and products to function with software or services available from other parties or develop these componentsourselves. In either case, the transition to a new service provider or an internally-developed solution could result in increased costs and could result in delays in ourproduct launches and the release of new service and product offerings. Furthermore, we might be forced to temporarily limit the features available in our current orfuture products and services. If we fail to maintain or renegotiate any of these software or service licenses, we could face significant delays and diversion ofresources in attempting to license and integrate functional equivalents.If our software products contain serious errors or defects, then we may lose revenue and market acceptance and may incur costs to defend or settle claims.Complex software applications such as ours often contain errors or defects, particularly when first introduced or when new versions or enhancements arereleased. Despite internal testing and testing by our customers, our current and future products may contain serious defects, which could result in lost revenue, lostcustomers, slower growth or a delay in market acceptance.Since our customers use our products for critical business applications, such as online video, errors, defects or other performance problems could result indamage to our customers. They could seek significant compensation from us for the losses they suffer. Although our customer agreements typically containprovisions designed to limit our exposure to claims, existing or future laws or unfavorable judicial decisions could negate these limitations. Even if not successful, aclaim brought against us would likely be time-consuming and costly and could seriously damage our reputation in the marketplace, making it harder for us to sellour products.Unauthorized disclosure of data, unauthorized access to our service and misuse of our service could adversely affect our business.Any security breaches, unauthorized access, unauthorized usage, virus or similar breach or disruption could result in loss of confidential information,personal data and customer content, damage to our reputation, early termination of our contracts, litigation, regulatory investigations, increased costs or otherliabilities. If our 20Table of Contentssecurity measures, or those of our partners or service providers, are breached as a result of third-party action, employee error, malfeasance or otherwise and, as aresult, someone obtains unauthorized access to confidential information, personal data or customer content, our reputation will be damaged, our business maysuffer or we could incur significant liability. If the measures we have put in place to limit or restrict access to and use of functionality, usage entitlements andsupport for customers or prospective customers are breached, circumvented or ineffective as a result of third-party action, employee error, malfeasance or otherwiseand, as a result, someone obtains unauthorized access to and use of functionality, usage entitlements and support, our business may suffer or we could incursignificant liability and/or costs.Techniques used to obtain unauthorized access or use or to sabotage systems change frequently and generally are not recognized until launched against atarget. As a result, we may be unable to anticipate these techniques or to implement adequate preventative measures. If an actual or perceived security breachoccurs, the market perception of our security measures could be harmed and we could lose sales and customers. Any significant violations of data privacy orunauthorized disclosure of information could result in the loss of business, litigation and regulatory investigations and penalties that could damage our reputationand adversely impact our results of operations and financial condition. Moreover, if a security breach occurs with respect to another software as a service, or SaaS,provider, our customers and potential customers may lose trust in the security of the SaaS business model generally, which could adversely impact our ability toretain existing customers or attract new ones.We use a limited number of data centers and cloud computing services facilities to deliver our services. Any disruption of service at these facilities could harmour business.We manage our services and serve all of our customers from a limited number of third-party data center facilities and cloud computing services facilities.While we control the actual computer and storage systems upon which our software runs, and deploy them to the data center facilities, we do not control theoperation of these facilities.The owners of these facilities have no obligation to renew their agreements with us on commercially reasonable terms, or at all. If we are unable to renewthese agreements on commercially reasonable terms, we may be required to transfer to new facilities, and we may incur significant costs and possible serviceinterruption in connection with doing so.Any changes in third-party service levels at these facilities or any errors, defects, disruptions or other performance problems at or related to these facilitiesthat affect our services could harm our reputation and may damage our customers’ businesses. Interruptions in our services might reduce our revenue, cause us toissue credits to customers, subject us to potential liability, and cause customers to terminate their subscriptions or harm our renewal rates.These facilities are vulnerable to damage or service interruption resulting from human error, intentional bad acts, security breaches, earthquakes, hurricanes,floods, fires, war, terrorist attacks, power losses, hardware failures, systems failures, telecommunications failures and similar events. For example, onSeptember 18, 2014, we suffered a service disruption resulting from a distributed denial-of-service attack at third-party data center facilities used by us. BySeptember 20, 2014, we had restored the services impacted by the attack. We contacted federal law enforcement authorities regarding the denial-of-service attackand cooperated with them. We also conducted an assessment of our internet service providers and data center providers, potential future vulnerability to maliciousactivity, and the sufficiency of our infrastructure to withstand and recover rapidly from such attacks. While this matter did not have a material adverse effect on ouroperating results, there can be no assurance that such incidents will not occur again, and they could occur more frequently and on a more significant scale. Theoccurrence of a natural disaster or an act of terrorism, or vandalism or other misconduct, or a decision to close the facilities without adequate notice or otherunanticipated problems could result in lengthy interruptions in our services. 21Table of ContentsOur business may be adversely affected by third-party claims, including by governmental bodies, regarding the content and advertising distributed through ourservice.We rely on our customers to secure the rights to redistribute content over the Internet, and we do not screen the content that is distributed through ourservice. There is no assurance that our customers have licensed all rights necessary for distribution, including Internet distribution. Other parties may claim certainrights in the content of our customers.In the event that our customers do not have the necessary distribution rights related to content, we may be required to cease distributing such content, or wemay be subject to lawsuits and claims of damages for infringement of such rights. If these claims arise with frequency, the likelihood of our business beingadversely affected would rise significantly. In some cases, we may have rights to indemnification or claims against our customers if they do not have appropriatedistribution rights related to specific content items, however there is no assurance that we would be successful in any such claim.We operate an “open” publishing platform and do not screen the content that is distributed through our service. Content may be distributed through ourplatform that is illegal or unlawful under international, federal, state or local laws or the laws of other countries. We may face lawsuits, claims or even criminalcharges for such distribution, and we may be subject to civil, regulatory or criminal sanctions and damages for such distribution. Any such claims or investigationscould adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.We could incur substantial costs as a result of any claim of infringement of another party’s intellectual property rights.In recent years, there has been significant litigation in the United States involving patents and other intellectual property rights. Companies providingInternet-related products and services are increasingly bringing and becoming subject to suits alleging infringement of proprietary rights, particularly patent rights.These risks have been amplified by the increase in third parties whose sole or primary business is to assert such claims, some of whom have sent letters to and/orfiled suit alleging infringement against some of our customers. From time to time, third parties claim that we are infringing upon their intellectual property rights.For information regarding these claims, see Part I, Item 3, “Legal Proceedings.” We could incur substantial costs in prosecuting or defending any intellectualproperty litigation. Additionally, the defense or prosecution of claims could be time-consuming, and could divert our management’s attention away from theexecution of our business plan.Moreover, any settlement or adverse judgment resulting from a claim could require us to pay substantial amounts or obtain a license to continue to use thetechnology that is the subject of the claim, or otherwise restrict or prohibit our use of the technology. There can be no assurance that we would be able to obtain alicense from the third party asserting the claim on commercially reasonable terms, if at all, that we would be able to develop alternative technology on a timelybasis, if at all, or that we would be able to obtain a license to use a suitable alternative technology to permit us to continue offering, and our customers to continueusing, our affected product or service. In addition, we may be required to indemnify our customers for third-party intellectual property infringement claims, whichwould increase the cost to us. An adverse determination could also prevent us from offering our products or services to others. Infringement claims asserted againstus may have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.Our agreements with customers often include contractual obligations to indemnify them against claims that our products infringe the intellectual propertyrights of third parties. The results of any intellectual property litigation to which we might become a party, or for which we are required to provide indemnification,may force us to do one or more of the following: • cease selling or using products or services that incorporate the challenged intellectual property; • make substantial payments for costs or damages; 22Table of Contents • obtain a license, which may not be available on reasonable terms, to sell or use the relevant technology; or • redesign those products or services to avoid infringement.If we are required to make substantial payments or undertake any of the other actions noted above as a result of any intellectual property infringement claimsagainst us or any obligation to indemnify our customers for such claims, such payments or costs could have a material adverse effect upon our business andfinancial results.Failure to adequately protect our intellectual property could substantially harm our business and operating results.Because our business depends substantially on our intellectual property, the protection of our intellectual property rights is important to the success of ourbusiness. We rely upon a combination of trademark, patent, trade secret and copyright law and contractual restrictions to protect our intellectual property. Theseafford only limited protection. Despite our efforts to protect our property rights, unauthorized parties may attempt to copy aspects of our products, service, softwareand functionality or obtain and use information that we consider proprietary. Moreover, policing our proprietary rights is difficult and may not always be effective.In addition, we may need to enforce our rights under the laws of countries that do not protect proprietary rights to as great an extent as do the laws of the UnitedStates.Litigation or proceedings before the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office or other governmental authorities and administrative bodies in the United States andabroad may be necessary in the future to enforce our intellectual property rights, to protect our patent rights, trade secrets, trademarks and domain names, and todetermine the validity and scope of the proprietary rights of others. Such litigation or proceedings may be very costly and impact our financial performance. Wemay also incur substantial costs defending against frivolous litigation or be asked to indemnify our customers against the same. Our efforts to enforce or protect ourproprietary rights may prove to be ineffective and could result in substantial costs and diversion of resources and could substantially harm our operating results.Our exposure to risks associated with the use of intellectual property may increase as a result of acquisitions, as we have less opportunity to have visibilityinto the development process with respect to acquired technology or the care taken to safeguard against infringement risks. Third parties may make infringementand similar or related claims after we have acquired technology that had not been asserted prior to our acquisition.Confidentiality agreements with employees and others may not adequately prevent disclosure of trade secrets and other proprietary information.We have devoted substantial resources to the development of our technology, business operations and business plans. In order to protect our trade secrets andproprietary information, we rely in significant part on confidentiality agreements with our employees, licensees, independent contractors, advisers and customers.These agreements may not be effective to prevent disclosure of confidential information, including trade secrets, and may not provide an adequate remedy in theevent of unauthorized disclosure of confidential information. In addition, others may independently discover trade secrets and proprietary information, and in suchcases we would not be able to assert trade secret rights against such parties. To the extent that our employees and others with whom we do business use intellectualproperty owned by others in their work for us, disputes may arise as to the rights in related or resulting know-how and inventions. Laws regarding trade secretrights in certain markets in which we operate may afford little or no protection to our trade secrets. The loss of trade secret protection could make it easier for thirdparties to compete with our products by copying functionality. In addition, any changes in, or unexpected interpretations of, the trade secret and other intellectualproperty laws in any country in which we operate may compromise our ability to enforce our trade secret and intellectual property rights. Costly and time-consuming litigation could be necessary to enforce and determine the scope of our proprietary rights, and failure to obtain or maintain trade secret protection couldadversely affect our competitive business position. 23Table of ContentsOur use of “open source” software could negatively affect our ability to sell our services and subject us to possible litigation.A portion of the technology licensed by us incorporates “open source” software, and we may incorporate open source software in the future. Such opensource software is generally licensed by its authors or other third parties under open source licenses. If we fail to comply with these licenses, we may be subject tocertain conditions, including requirements that we offer our services that incorporate the open source software for no cost, that we make available source code formodifications or derivative works we create based upon, incorporating or using the open source software and that we license such modifications or alterationsunder the terms of the particular open source license. If an author or other third party that distributes such open source software were to allege that we had notcomplied with the conditions of one or more of these licenses, we could be required to incur significant legal expenses defending against such allegations and couldbe subject to significant damages, enjoined from the sale of our services that contained the open source software and required to comply with the foregoingconditions, which could disrupt the distribution and sale of some of our services.Fluctuations in the exchange rate of foreign currencies could result in currency translation losses.We currently have foreign sales denominated in Australian dollars, British pound sterling, Euros, Japanese yen and New Zealand dollars and may, in thefuture, have sales denominated in the currencies of additional countries in which we establish or have established sales offices. In addition, we incur a portion ofour operating expenses in British pound sterling, Euros and, to a lesser extent, other foreign currencies. Any fluctuation in the exchange rate of these foreigncurrencies may negatively impact our business, financial condition and operating results. We have not previously engaged in foreign currency hedging. If wedecide to hedge our foreign currency exposure, we may not be able to hedge effectively due to lack of experience, unreasonable costs or illiquid markets.We may be required to collect sales and use taxes on the services we sell in additional jurisdictions in the future, which may decrease sales, and we may besubject to liability for sales and use taxes and related interest and penalties on prior sales.State and local taxing jurisdictions have differing rules and regulations governing sales and use taxes and these rules and regulations are subject to varyinginterpretations that may change over time. In particular, the applicability of sales and use taxes to our subscription services in various jurisdictions is unclear. Wecannot assure you that we will not be subject to sales and use taxes or related penalties for past sales in states where we presently believe sales and use taxes are notdue. We reserve estimated sales and use taxes in our financial statements but we cannot be certain that we have made sufficient reserves to cover all taxes thatmight be assessed.If one or more taxing authorities determines that taxes should have, but have not, been paid with respect to our services, we may be liable for past taxes inaddition to being required to collect sales or similar taxes in respect of our services going forward. Liability for past taxes may also include substantial interest andpenalty charges. Our client contracts typically provide that our clients must pay all applicable sales and similar taxes. Nevertheless, clients may be reluctant to payback taxes and may refuse responsibility for interest or penalties associated with those taxes or we may determine that it would not be feasible to seekreimbursement. If we are required to collect and pay back taxes and the associated interest and penalties and if our clients do not reimburse us for all or a portion ofthese amounts, we will incur unplanned expenses that may be substantial. Moreover, imposition of such taxes on our services going forward will effectivelyincrease the cost of such services to our clients and may adversely affect our ability to retain existing clients or to gain new clients in the areas in which such taxesare imposed. 24Table of ContentsGovernment and industry regulation of the Internet is evolving and could directly restrict our business or indirectly affect our business by limiting the growthof our markets. Unfavorable changes in government regulation or our failure to comply with regulations could harm our business and operating results.Federal, state and foreign governments and agencies have adopted and could in the future adopt regulations covering issues such as user privacy, content,and taxation of products and services. Government regulations could limit the market for our products and services or impose burdensome requirements that renderour business unprofitable. Our products enable our customers to collect, manage and store a wide range of data. The United States and various state governmentshave adopted or proposed limitations on the collection, distribution and use of personal information. Several foreign jurisdictions, including the European Unionand the United Kingdom, have adopted legislation (including directives or regulations) that increase or change the requirements governing data collection andstorage in these jurisdictions. If our privacy or data security measures fail to comply with current or future laws and regulations, we may be subject to litigation,regulatory investigations or other liabilities, or our customers may terminate their relationships with us.In addition, although many regulations might not apply to our business directly, we expect that laws regulating the solicitation, collection or processing ofpersonal and consumer information could affect our customers’ ability to use and share data, potentially reducing demand for our services. TheTelecommunications Act of 1996 and the European Union Data Protection Directive along with other similar laws and regulations prohibit certain types ofinformation and content from being transmitted over the Internet. The scope of this prohibition and the liability associated with a violation are currently unsettled.In addition, although substantial portions of the Communications Decency Act were held to be unconstitutional, we cannot be certain that similar legislation willnot be enacted and upheld in the future. Legislation like the Telecommunications Act and the Communications Decency Act could dampen the growth in webusage and decrease its acceptance as a medium of communications and commerce. Moreover, if future laws and regulations limit our customers’ ability to use andshare consumer data or our ability to store, process and share data with our customers over the Internet, demand for our products could decrease, our costs couldincrease, and our results of operations and financial condition could be harmed.In addition, taxation of services provided over the Internet or other charges imposed by government agencies or by private organizations for accessing theInternet may be imposed. Any regulation imposing greater fees for Internet use or restricting information exchange over the Internet could result in a decline in theuse of the Internet and the viability of Internet-based services, which could harm our business and operating results.Our stock price has been volatile and is likely to be volatile in the future.The market price of our common stock has been and is likely to be highly volatile and could be subject to significant fluctuations in response to, among otherthings, the risk factors described in this report and other factors beyond our control. Market prices for securities of early stage companies have historically beenparticularly volatile. Some, but not all, of the factors that may cause the market price of our common stock to fluctuate include: • fluctuations in our quarterly or annual financial results or the quarterly or annual financial results of companies perceived to be similar to us orrelevant for our business; • changes in estimates of our financial results or recommendations by securities analysts; • failure of our products to achieve or maintain market acceptance; • changes in market valuations of similar or relevant companies; • success of competitive service offerings or technologies; • changes in our capital structure, such as the issuance of securities or the incurrence of debt; • announcements by us or by our competitors of significant services, contracts, acquisitions or strategic alliances; 25Table of Contents • regulatory developments in the United States, foreign countries, or both; • litigation; • additions or departures of key personnel; • investors’ general perceptions; and • changes in general economic, industry or market conditions.In addition, if the market for technology stocks, or the stock market in general, experiences a loss of investor confidence, the trading price of our commonstock could decline for reasons unrelated to our business, financial condition, or results of operations. If any of the foregoing occurs, it could cause our stock priceto fall and may expose us to lawsuits that, even if unsuccessful, could be costly to defend and a distraction to management.Our business and operations could be adversely affected if we are subject to stockholder activism, which could cause us to incur significant expense and impactthe market price of our common stock.In recent years, proxy contests and other forms of stockholder activism have been directed against numerous public companies. Stockholder activism,including potential proxy contests, could result in substantial costs and divert the attention of our management and our board of directors and resources from ourbusiness. Activist campaigns can create perceived uncertainties as to our future direction, strategy or leadership and may result in the loss of potential businessopportunities and harm our ability to attract new customers, employees and investors. In addition, we may be required to incur significant legal fees and otherexpenses related to any activist stockholder matters. Further, the market price of our common stock could be subject to significant fluctuation or otherwise beadversely affected by the events, risks, and uncertainties of any stockholder activism.If securities or industry analysts do not publish, or cease publishing, research or reports about us, our business or our market, or if they adversely change theirrecommendations regarding our stock, our stock price and trading volume could decline.The trading market for our common stock will be influenced by research and reports that industry or security analysts may publish about us, our business,our market or our competitors. If any of the analysts who may cover us adversely change their recommendations regarding our stock, or provide more favorablerelative recommendations about our competitors, our stock price would likely decline. If any analyst who may cover us were to cease coverage of our company orfail to regularly publish reports on us, we could lose visibility in the financial markets, which in turn could cause our stock price or trading volume to decline.We are an “emerging growth company” and we cannot be certain if the reduced disclosure requirements applicable to emerging growth companies will makeour common stock less attractive to investors.We are an “emerging growth company,” as defined in the Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act of 2012, or the JOBS Act, and we may take advantage ofcertain exemptions from various reporting requirements that are applicable to other public companies that are not “emerging growth companies” including, but notlimited to, reduced disclosure obligations regarding executive compensation in our periodic reports and proxy statements and exemptions from the requirements ofholding a nonbinding advisory vote on executive compensation and shareholder approval of any golden parachute payments not previously approved. We cannotpredict if investors will find our common stock less attractive because we may rely on these exemptions. If some investors find our common stock less attractive asa result, there may be a less active trading market for our common stock and our stock price may be more volatile. We may take advantage of these reportingexemptions until we are no longer an “emerging growth company.”In addition, Section 107 of the JOBS Act also provides that an “emerging growth company” can take advantage of the extended transition period provided inSection 7(a)(2)(B) of the Securities Act for complying with new or revised accounting standards. In other words, an “emerging growth company” can delay the 26Table of Contentsadoption of certain accounting standards until those standards would otherwise apply to private companies. However, we chose to “opt out” of such extendedtransition period, and as a result, we will comply with new or revised accounting standards on the relevant dates on which adoption of such standards is required fornon-emerging growth companies. Section 107 of the JOBS Act provides that our decision to opt out of the extended transition period for complying with new orrevised accounting standards is irrevocable.We do not expect to declare any dividends in the foreseeable future.We do not anticipate declaring any dividends to holders of our common stock in the foreseeable future. Consequently, investors may need to rely on sales oftheir common stock after price appreciation, which may never occur, as the only way to realize any future gains on their investment. Investors seeking dividendsshould not purchase our common stock.We may be unable to meet our future capital requirements, which could limit our ability to grow.We believe our existing cash and cash equivalents will be sufficient to meet our anticipated working capital and capital expenditure needs over at least thenext 12 months. We may, however, need, or could elect to seek, additional funding at any time. To the extent that existing resources are insufficient to fund ourbusiness operations, our future activities for the expansion of our service and our product offerings, developing and sustaining our relationships and infrastructurefor the distribution and delivery of digital media online, marketing, and supporting our office facilities, we may need to raise additional funds through equity ordebt financing. Additional funds may not be available on terms favorable to us or our stockholders. Furthermore, if we issue equity securities, our stockholders mayexperience additional dilution or the new equity securities may have rights, preferences and privileges senior to those of our existing classes of stock. If we cannotraise funds on acceptable terms, we may not be able to develop or enhance our products, take advantage of future opportunities or respond to competitive pressuresor unanticipated requirements.Failure to maintain effective internal control over financial reporting could result in our failure to accurately report our financial results. Any inability toreport and file our financial results accurately and timely could harm our business and adversely impact investor confidence in our company and, as a result,the value of our common stock.We are required to evaluate our internal control over financial reporting in connection with Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, and our independentregistered public accounting firm is required to attest to the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting. This assessment includes the disclosure ofany material weaknesses in our internal control over financial reporting identified by our management, as well as our independent registered public accountingfirm’s attestation report on our internal control over financial reporting. During the evaluation and testing process, if we identify one or more material weaknessesin our internal control over financial reporting, we will be unable to assert that our internal control over financial reporting is effective. If we are unable to assertthat our internal control over financial reporting is effective, or if our independent registered public accounting firm is unable to express an opinion on theeffectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting, we could lose investor confidence in the accuracy and completeness of our financial reports, whichcould have a material adverse effect on the price of our common stock.Anti-takeover provisions contained in our amended and restated certificate of incorporation and amended and restated bylaws, as well as provisions ofDelaware law, could impair a takeover attempt.Our amended and restated certificate of incorporation and bylaws, and Delaware law, contain provisions that could have the effect of rendering moredifficult or discouraging an acquisition deemed undesirable by our board of directors. Our corporate governance documents include provisions: • authorizing blank check preferred stock, which could be issued with voting, liquidation, dividend, and other rights superior to our common stock; • limiting the liability of, and providing indemnification to, our directors and officers; 27Table of Contents • limiting the ability of our stockholders to call and bring business before special meetings and to take action by written consent in lieu of a meeting; • requiring advance notice of stockholder proposals for business to be conducted at meetings of our stockholders and for nominations of candidates forelection to our board of directors; • controlling the procedures for the conduct and scheduling of board of directors and stockholder meetings; • providing our board of directors with the express power to postpone previously scheduled annual meetings and to cancel previously scheduled specialmeetings; • establishing a classified board of directors so that not all members of our board are selected at one time; • limiting the determination of the number of directors on our board of directors and the filling of vacancies or newly created seats on the board to ourboard of directors then in office; and • providing that directors may be removed by stockholders only for cause.These provisions, alone or together, could delay hostile takeovers and changes in control of our company or changes in our management.As a Delaware corporation, we are also subject to provisions of Delaware law, including Section 203 of the Delaware General Corporation Law, whichprevents some stockholders holding more than 15% of our outstanding common stock from engaging in certain business combinations without approval of theholders of substantially all of our outstanding common stock. Any provision of our amended and restated certificate of incorporation or bylaws or Delaware lawthat has the effect of delaying or deterring a change in control could limit the opportunity for our stockholders to receive a premium for their shares of our commonstock, and could also affect the price that some investors are willing to pay for our common stock.We record substantial expenses related to our issuance of equity awards that may have a material adverse impact on our operating results for the foreseeablefuture.We expect our stock-based compensation expenses will continue to be significant in future periods, which will have an adverse impact on our operatingresults. The model used by us requires the input of highly subjective assumptions, including the price volatility of the option’s underlying stock. If facts andcircumstances change and we employ different assumptions for estimating stock-based compensation expense in future periods, or if we decide to use a differentvaluation model, the future period expenses may differ significantly from what we have recorded in the current period and could materially affect the fair valueestimate of stock-based payments, our operating income, net income and net income per share.Failure of our customers to pay the amounts owed to us, or to pay such amounts in a timely manner, may adversely affect our financial condition andoperating results.If any of our significant customers have insufficient liquidity, we could encounter significant delays or defaults in payments owed to us by such customers,and we may need to extend our payment terms or restructure the receivables owed to us, which could have a significant adverse effect on our financial condition,including impacting the timing of revenue recognition. Any deterioration in the financial condition of our customers will increase the risk of uncollectiblereceivables. Global economic uncertainty could also affect our customers’ ability to pay our receivables in a timely manner or at all or result in customers goinginto bankruptcy or reorganization proceedings, which could also affect our ability to collect our receivables. Item 1B.Unresolved Staff CommentsNot applicable. 28Table of ContentsItem 2.PropertiesOur corporate headquarters are located in Boston, Massachusetts. We lease 82,184 square feet pursuant to a lease that terminates March 31, 2022. We havesales and marketing offices in Tokyo, Japan; Sydney, Australia; Seoul, South Korea; Singapore; and Dubai, United Arab Emirates. Our offices in New York, NewYork; London, England; Seattle, Washington; San Francisco, California; and Tempe, Arizona are used for sales and marketing as well as research anddevelopment. We believe our facilities are adequate for our current needs.The Company’s primary office lease has the option to renew the lease for two successive periods of five years each. In connection with the office lease, theCompany entered into a letter of credit in the amount of $2.4 million. Item 3.Legal ProceedingsOn July 8, 2016, a complaint was filed by Brand Technologies, Inc. naming us, along with several others, as a defendant in a case alleging copyrightinfringement, violations of the Lanham Act, unfair competition and related claims (Brand Technologies, Inc. v. Cox Enterprises, Inc., et al., United States DistrictCourt for the Central District of California). The complaint alleges that Cox Media Group (CMG) engaged in the unlicensed provision of copyrighted videos,acquired from AOL and owned by the plaintiff, on CMG websites by using our technology. The complaint seeks actual and statutory damages, costs and injunctiverelief. Brightcove is being indemnified in this matter. We cannot yet determine whether it is probable that a loss will be incurred in connection with this complaint,nor can we reasonably estimate the potential loss, if any.On July 30, 2016, a complaint was filed by Autumn Cloud LLC naming us as a defendant in a patent infringement case (Autumn Cloud LLC v. BrightcoveInc., United States District Court for the Eastern District of Texas). The complaint alleged that we infringed U.S. Patent 7,606,843 with an issue date of October 20,2009, entitled “System and Method for Customizing the Storage and Management of Device Data in a Networked Environment,” and U.S. Patent 8,239,347 withan issue date of August 7, 2012, entitled “System and Method for Customizing the Storage and Management of Device Data in a Networked Environment.” Thecomplaint sought monetary damages and declarations of infringement. Brightcove acquired a license to the patents-in-suit via a third-party and as a result thecomplaint has been dismissed with prejudice. Brightcove did not incur any loss in this matter.In addition, we are, from time to time, party to litigation arising in the ordinary course of our business. Management does not believe that the outcome ofthese claims will have a material adverse effect on our consolidated financial position, results of operations or cash flows based on the status of proceedings at thistime. Item 4.Mine Safety DisclosuresNot applicable. 29Table of ContentsPART II Item 5.Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity SecuritiesOur common stock has been traded on the NASDAQ Global Market under the symbol “BCOV” since our initial public offering on February 17, 2012. Priorto this time, there was no public market for our common stock. The following table shows the high and low sale prices per share of our common stock as reportedon the NASDAQ Global Market for the periods indicated: High Low 2015 First Quarter 2015 8.46 6.83 Second Quarter 2015 7.72 6.36 Third Quarter 2015 7.01 4.80 Fourth Quarter 2015 7.16 4.79 2016 First Quarter 2016 6.31 4.82 Second Quarter 2016 8.88 5.97 Third Quarter 2016 13.29 8.77 Fourth Quarter 2016 13.60 7.65 On February 15, 2017, the last reported sale price for our common stock on the NASDAQ Global Market was $7.10 per share.Dividend PolicyWe have never paid or declared any cash dividends on our common stock. We currently intend to retain any cash flow to finance the growth anddevelopment of our business, and we do not expect to pay any cash dividends on our common stock in the foreseeable future. Payment of future dividends, if any,will be at the discretion of our board of directors and will depend on our financial condition, results of operations, capital requirements, restrictions contained incurrent or future financing instruments and other factors our board of directors deems relevant.StockholdersAs of February 15, 2017, there were approximately 116 holders of record of our common stock (not including beneficial holders of stock held in streetname).Stock Performance GraphThe graph set forth below compares the cumulative total stockholder return on our common stock between February 17, 2012 (the date of our initial publicoffering) and December 31, 2016, with the cumulative total return of (a) the NASDAQ Computer & Data Processing Index and (b) the NASDAQ Composite Index,over the same period. This graph assumes the investment of $100 on February 17, 2012 in our common stock, the NASDAQ Computer & Data Processing Indexand the NASDAQ Composite Index and assumes the reinvestment of dividends, if any. The graph assumes our closing sales price on February 17, 2012 of $14.30per share as the initial value of our common stock and not the initial offering price to the public of $11.00 per share.The comparisons shown in the graph below are based upon historical data. We caution that the stock price performance shown in the graph below is notnecessarily indicative of, nor is it intended to forecast, the potential future performance of our common stock. Information used in the graph was obtained from theNASDAQ Stock Market LLC, a financial data provider and a source believed to be reliable. The NASDAQ Stock Market LLC is not responsible for any errors oromissions in such information. 30Table of Contents 2/17/2012 12/31/2012 12/31/2013 12/31/2014 12/31/2015 12/31/2016 Brightcove Inc. 100.0 63.2 98.9 54.4 43.4 56.3 NASDAQ Composite Index 100.0 102.3 141.5 160.4 169.6 182.4 NASDAQ Computer & Data Processing Index 100.0 97.4 128.5 154.0 163.6 183.7 Sales of Unregistered SecuritiesNot applicable.Use of Proceeds from Public Offering of Common StockOn February 16, 2012, our registration statement on Form S-1 (File No. 333-176444) was declared effective for our initial public offering. On February 23,2012, we closed our initial public offering of 5,750,000 shares of common stock, including 750,000 shares pursuant to the underwriters’ overallotment option, at anoffering price of $11.00 per share. The managing underwriters of the offering were Morgan Stanley & Co. LLC, and Stifel, Nicolaus & Company, Incorporated.Following the sale of the shares in connection with the closing of our initial public offering, the offering terminated.As a result of the offering, including the underwriters’ option to purchase additional shares, we received net proceeds of approximately $54.5 million, afterdeducting total expenses of approximately $8.7 million, consisting of underwriting discounts and commissions of $4.4 million and offering-related expensesreasonably estimated to be $4.3 million. None of such payments were direct or indirect payments to any of our directors or officers or their associates, to personsowning 10% or more of our common stock, or to any of our affiliates.We have used $7.0 million of the net proceeds from our initial public offering to repay certain indebtedness. None of such payments were direct or indirectpayments to any of our directors or officers or their associates, to persons owning 10% or more of our common stock, or to any of our affiliates. We also usedapproximately $27.4 million of the net proceeds from our initial public offering as consideration for the purchase of Zencoder in 31Table of ContentsAugust 2012. On January 31, 2014, we acquired substantially all of the assets of Unicorn for total consideration of approximately $39.7 million, which was fundedby approximately $9.1 million of the net proceeds from our initial public offering and 2,850,547 shares of our common stock.There has been no material change in the planned use of proceeds from our initial public offering as described in our final prospectus filed with the SEC onFebruary 17, 2012 pursuant to Rule 424(b) under the Securities Act.Purchases of Equity Securities by the Issuer or Affiliated PurchasersThere were no repurchases of shares of common stock made during the year ended December 31, 2016. 32Table of ContentsItem 6.Selected Consolidated Financial DataThe following selected consolidated financial data should be read in conjunction with “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition andResults of Operations”, the consolidated financial statements and related notes, and other financial information included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K.We derived the consolidated financial data for the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014 and as of December 31, 2016 and 2015 from our auditedconsolidated financial statements, which are included elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. We derived the consolidated financial data for the yearsended December 31, 2013 and 2012 and as of December 31, 2014, 2013 and 2012 from our audited consolidated financial statements, which are not included in thisAnnual Report on Form 10-K. Historical results are not necessarily indicative of the results to be expected in future periods. Year Ended December 31, 2016 2015 2014 (2) 2013 2012 (1) (in thousands, except per share data) Consolidated statements of operations data: Revenue: Subscription and support revenue $142,022 $131,010 $120,324 $103,116 $84,257 Professional services and other revenue 8,244 3,696 4,693 6,779 3,716 Total revenue 150,266 134,706 125,017 109,895 87,973 Cost of revenue: (3) (4) Cost of subscription and support revenue 48,011 41,735 38,015 29,205 22,553 Cost of professional services and other revenue 7,836 4,742 5,718 7,585 4,831 Total cost of revenue 55,847 46,477 43,733 36,790 27,384 Gross profit 94,419 88,229 81,284 73,105 60,589 Operating expenses: (3) (4) Research and development 30,171 29,302 28,252 21,052 18,725 Sales and marketing 54,038 45,795 46,014 41,000 38,725 General and administrative 19,167 19,862 19,136 18,478 16,734 Merger-related 21 201 3,075 2,069 1,852 Total operating expenses 103,397 95,160 96,477 82,599 76,036 Loss from operations (8,978) (6,931) (15,193) (9,494) (15,447) Other income (expense): Interest income 99 6 11 58 106 Interest expense (63) (96) (96) — (241) Other expense, net (634) (168) (1,355) (594) (359) Total other expense, net (598) (258) (1,440) (536) (494) Loss before income taxes and non-controlling interest in consolidated subsidiary (9,576) (7,189) (16,633) (10,030) (15,941) Provision for (benefit from) income taxes 410 391 260 212 (3,489) Consolidated net loss (9,986) (7,580) (16,893) (10,242) (12,452) Net income attributable to non-controlling interest in consolidated subsidiary — — — (20) (734) Net loss attributable to Brightcove Inc. (9,986) (7,580) (16,893) (10,262) (13,186) Accretion of dividends on redeemable convertiblepreferred stock — — — — (733) Net loss attributable to common stockholders $(9,986) $(7,580) $(16,893) $(10,262) $(13,919) Net loss per share attributable to common stockholders — basic and diluted $(0.30) $(0.23) $(0.53) $(0.36) $(0.57) Weighted-average number of common shares used in computing net loss per shareattributable to common stockholders — basic and diluted 33,189 32,598 31,949 28,351 24,626 33Table of Contents(1)The results of operations for Zencoder have been included in our consolidated financial statements since the date of acquisition on August 14, 2012.(2)The results of operations for Unicorn have been included in our consolidated financial statements since the date of acquisition on January 31, 2014. Year Ended December 31, 2016 2015 2014 2013 2012 (1) (in thousands) (3) Stock-based compensation included in above line items: Cost of subscription and support revenue $324 $181 $218 $248 $125 Cost of professional services and other revenue 217 181 141 149 116 Research and development 1,275 1,392 1,399 1,191 687 Sales and marketing 2,320 2,155 2,193 2,225 1,606 General and administrative 1,876 2,105 2,436 2,588 3,309 Total stock-based compensation $6,012 $6,014 $6,387 $6,401 $5,843 (4) Amortization of acquired intangible assets included in above line items: Cost of subscription and support revenue $2,031 $2,031 $1,946 $1,013 $379 Research and development 126 126 140 39 15 Sales and marketing 959 955 1,114 667 250 Total amortization of acquired intangible assets $3,116 $3,112 $3,200 $1,719 $644 As of December 31, 2016 2015 2014 2013 2012 (in thousands) Consolidated Balance Sheet Data: Cash and cash equivalents $36,813 $27,637 $22,916 $36,108 $33,041 Accounts receivable, net 21,575 21,213 21,463 21,560 18,596 Property and equipment, net 9,264 8,689 10,372 8,795 8,400 Working capital 7,792 6,592 4,582 20,634 20,656 Total assets 136,424 127,668 127,584 103,126 96,993 Current and long-term deferred revenue 34,756 29,931 29,704 23,818 19,216 Total stockholders’ equity 78,196 78,135 80,763 60,380 64,492 34Table of ContentsItem 7.Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of OperationsThe following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations should be read in conjunction with the financial statements andrelated notes appearing elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. The following discussion contains forward-looking statements that reflect our plans,estimates, and beliefs. Our actual results could differ materially from those discussed in the forward-looking statements. Factors that could cause or contribute tothese differences include those discussed below and elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K, particularly in “Risk Factors.”OverviewWe are a leading global provider of cloud-based services for video. We were incorporated in Delaware in August 2004 and our headquarters are in Boston,Massachusetts. Our suite of products and services reduce the cost and complexity associated with publishing, distributing, measuring and monetizing video acrossdevices.Brightcove Video Cloud, or Video Cloud, our flagship product released in 2006, is the world’s leading online video platform. Video Cloud enables ourcustomers to publish and distribute video to Internet-connected devices quickly, easily and in a cost-effective and high-quality manner. Brightcove Zencoder, orZencoder, is a cloud-based video encoding service. Brightcove Once, or Once, is an innovative, cloud-based ad insertion and video stitching service that addressesthe limitations of traditional online video ad insertion technology. Brightcove Perform, or Perform, is a cloud-based service for creating and managing video playerexperiences. Brightcove Video Marketing Suite, or Video Marketing Suite, is a comprehensive suite of video technologies designed to address the needs ofmarketers to drive awareness, engagement and conversion. Brightcove Lift, or Lift, is a solution designed to defeat ad blockers, optimize ad delivery and deliver apremium TV-like viewing experience across connected platforms. Brightcove OTT Flow, powered by Accedo, or OTT Flow, released in April 2016, is a servicefor media companies and content owners to rapidly deploy high-quality, direct-to-consumer, live and on-demand video services across platforms. BrightcoveEnterprise Video Suite, or Enterprise Video Suite, released in August 2016, is an enterprise-class platform for internal communications, employee training, livestreaming, marketing and ecommerce videos.Our philosophy for the next few years will continue to be to invest in our product strategy and development, sales, and go-to-market to support our long-termrevenue growth. We believe these investments will help us address some of the challenges facing our business such as demand for our products by existing andpotential customers, rapid technological change in our industry, increased competition and resulting price sensitivity. These investments include support for theexpansion of our infrastructure within our hosting facilities, the hiring of additional technical and sales personnel, the innovation of new features for existingproducts and the development of new products. We believe this strategy will help us retain our existing customers, increase our average annual subscriptionrevenue per premium customer and lead to the acquisition of new customers. Additionally, we believe customer growth will enable us to achieve economies ofscale which will reduce our cost of goods sold, research and development and general and administrative expenses as a percentage of total revenue.As of December 31, 2016, we had 490 employees and 4,571 customers, of which 2,564 used our volume offerings and 2,007 used our premium offerings. Asof December 31, 2015, we had 413 employees and 5,047 customers, of which 3,184 used our volume offerings and 1,863 used our premium offerings.We generate revenue by offering our products to customers on a subscription-based, software as a service, or SaaS, model. Our revenue grew from$134.7 million in the year ended December 31, 2015 to $150.3 million in the year ended December 31, 2016, primarily related to an increase in sales of VideoCloud to both new and existing customers. Our consolidated net loss was $10.0 million and $7.6 million for the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2015,respectively. Included in consolidated net loss for the year ended December 31, 2016 was stock-based compensation expense and amortization of acquiredintangible assets of $6.0 million and $3.1 million, respectively. Included in consolidated net loss for the year ended December 31, 2015 was stock-basedcompensation expense and amortization of acquired intangible assets of $6.0 million and $3.1 million, respectively. 35Table of ContentsFor the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2015, our revenue derived from customers located outside North America was 38% and 36%, respectively. Weexpect the percentage of total net revenue derived from outside North America to increase in future periods as we continue to expand our international operations.AcquisitionsOn August 14, 2012, we acquired Zencoder, a cloud-based media processing service and HTML5 video player technology provider, for total consideration ofapproximately $27.4 million. This transaction was accounted for under the purchase method of accounting. Accordingly, the results of operations of Zencoder havebeen included in our consolidated financial statements since the date of acquisition. All of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed in the transaction have beenrecognized at their acquisition date fair values, which were finalized at December 31, 2012. The acquisition did not result in the addition of any reportablesegments.On January 8, 2013, we acquired the remaining 37% interest of our majority-owned subsidiary, Brightcove Kabushiki Kaisha, or Brightcove KK, a Japanesejoint venture which was formed on July 18, 2008. The purchase price of the remaining equity interest was approximately $1.1 million and was funded by cash onhand. Given that we own 100% of Brightcove KK, we will continue to consolidate Brightcove KK for financial reporting purposes, however, commencing onJanuary 8, 2013, we no longer record a non-controlling interest in the consolidated statements of operations.On January 31, 2014, we acquired substantially all of the assets of Unicorn Media, Inc. and certain of its subsidiaries, or Unicorn, a provider of cloud videoad insertion technology, for total consideration of approximately $39.7 million, which was funded by cash on hand of $9.1 million and 2,850,547 shares of ourcommon stock. The results of operations of Unicorn have been consolidated with our results of operations beginning on January 31, 2014, the closing date of thetransaction.Key MetricsWe regularly review a number of metrics, including the following key metrics, to evaluate our business, measure our performance, identify trends affectingour business, formulate financial projections and make strategic decisions. • Number of Customers . We define our number of customers at the end of a particular quarter as the number of customers generating subscriptionrevenue at the end of the quarter. We believe the number of customers is a key indicator of our market penetration, the productivity of our salesorganization and the value that our products bring to our customers. We classify our customers by including them in either premium or volumeofferings. Our premium offerings include our premium Video Cloud customers (Enterprise and Pro editions), our Zencoder customers (other thanmonth-to-month and pay-as-you-go customers), our Once customers, our Perform customers, our Video Marketing Suite customers, our Liftcustomers, our OTT Flow customers and our Enterprise Video Suite customers. Our volume offerings include our Video Cloud Express customers andour Zencoder customers on month-to-month contracts and pay-as-you-go contracts.As of December 31, 2016, we had 4,571 customers, of which 2,564 used our volume offerings and 2,007 used our premium offerings. As ofDecember 31, 2015, we had 5,047 customers, of which 3,184 used our volume offerings and 1,863 used our premium offerings. During 2013, weshifted our go-to-market focus and growth strategy to expanding our premium customer base, as we believe our premium customers represent agreater opportunity for our solutions. Volume customers decreased during 2015 and 2016 primarily due to our discontinuation of the promotionalVideo Cloud Express offering. As a result, we have experienced attrition of this base level offering without a corresponding addition of customers. Weexpect customers using our volume offerings to continue to decrease in 2017 as we continue to focus on the market for our premium solutions andadjust Video Cloud Express price levels. • Recurring Dollar Retention Rate . We assess our ability to retain customers using a metric we refer to as our recurring dollar retention rate. Wecalculate the recurring dollar retention rate by dividing the 36Table of Contents retained recurring value of subscription revenue for a period by the previous recurring value of subscription revenue for the same period. We defineretained recurring value of subscription revenue as the committed subscription fees for all contracts that renew in a given period, including anyincrease or decrease in contract value. We define previous recurring value of subscription revenue as the recurring value from committed subscriptionfees for all contracts that expire in that same period. We typically calculate our recurring dollar retention rate on a monthly basis. Recurring dollarretention rate provides visibility into our ongoing revenue. During the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2015, the recurring dollar retention ratewas 96% and 95%, respectively. • Average Annual Subscription Revenue Per Premium Customer . We define average annual subscription revenue per premium customer as the totalsubscription revenue from premium customers for an annual period, excluding professional services revenue, divided by the average number ofpremium customers for that period. We believe that this metric is important in understanding subscription revenue for our premium offerings inaddition to the relative size of premium customer arrangements.The following table includes our key metrics for the periods presented: Year Ended December 31, 2016 2015 Customers (at period end) Volume 2,564 3,184 Premium 2,007 1,863 Total customers (at period end) 4,571 5,047 Recurring dollar retention rate 96% 95% Average annual subscription revenue per premium customer (in thousands) $69.5 $65.8 Components of Consolidated Statements of OperationsRevenueSubscription and Support Revenue — We generate subscription and support revenue from the sale of our products.Video Cloud is offered in two product lines. The first product line is comprised of our premium product editions, Pro and Enterprise. All Pro and Enterpriseeditions include functionality to publish and distribute video to Internet-connected devices. The Enterprise edition provides additional features and functionalitysuch as a multi-account environment and IP-restricted players. Customer arrangements are typically one year contracts, which include a subscription to VideoCloud, basic support and a pre-determined amount of video streams, bandwidth, and managed content. We also offer gold support or platinum support to ourpremium customers for an additional fee, which includes extended phone support. The pricing for our premium editions is based on the number of users, accountsand usage, which is comprised of video streams, bandwidth and managed content. Should a customer’s usage exceed the contractual entitlements, the contract willprovide the rate at which the customer must pay for actual usage above the contractual entitlements. The second product line is comprised of our volume productedition, which we refer to as our Express edition. Our Express edition targets small and medium-sized businesses, or SMBs. The Express edition providescustomers with the same basic functionality that is offered in our premium product editions but has been designed for customers who have lower usagerequirements and do not typically seek advanced features and functionality. We are discontinuing the lower level pricing options for the Express edition and expectthe total number of customers using the Express edition to continue to decrease. Customers who purchase the Express edition generally enter intomonth-to-month agreements. Express customers are generally billed on a monthly basis and pay via a credit card. 37Table of ContentsZencoder is offered to customers on a subscription basis, with either committed contracts or pay-as-you-go contracts. The pricing is based on usage, which iscomprised of minutes of video processed. The committed contracts include a fixed number of minutes of video processed. Should a customer’s usage exceed thecontractual entitlements, the contract will provide the rate at which the customer must pay for actual usage above the contractual entitlements. Zencoder customersare considered premium customers other than Zencoder customers on month-to-month contracts or pay-as-you-go contracts, which are considered volumecustomers.Once is offered to customers on a subscription basis, with varying levels of functionality, usage entitlements and support based on the size and complexity ofa customer’s needs.Perform is offered to customers on a subscription basis. Customer arrangements are typically one-year contracts, which include a subscription to Perform,basic support and a pre-determined amount of video streams. We also offer gold support or platinum support to our Perform customers for an additional fee, whichincludes extended phone support. The pricing for Perform is based on the number of users, accounts and usage, which is comprised of video streams. Should acustomer’s usage exceed the contractual entitlements, the contract will provide the rate at which the customer must pay for actual usage above the contractualentitlements.Video Marketing Suite and Enterprise Video Suite are offered to customers on a subscription basis in Starter, Pro and Enterprise editions. The Pro andEnterprise customer arrangements are typically one-year contracts, which typically include a subscription to Video Cloud, Gallery, Brightcove Social (for VideoMarketing Suite customers) or Brightcove Live (for Enterprise Video Suite customers), basic support and a pre-determined amount of video streams or plays,bandwidth and managed content or videos. We also generally offer gold support or platinum support to these customers for an additional fee, which includesextended phone support. The pricing for our Pro and Enterprise editions is based on the number of users, accounts and usage, which is comprised of video streamsor plays, bandwidth and managed content or videos. Should a customer’s usage exceed the contractual entitlements, the contract will provide the rate at which thecustomer must pay for actual usage above the contractual entitlements. The Starter edition provides customers with the same basic functionality that is offered inour Pro and Enterprise editions but has been designed for customers who have lower usage requirements and do not typically seek advanced features andfunctionality. Customers who purchase the Starter edition may enter into one-year agreements or month-to-month agreements. Starter customers with month-to-month agreements are generally billed on a monthly basis and pay via a credit card.Lift is offered to customers on a subscription basis. Customer arrangements are typically one year contracts, which include a subscription to Lift, basicsupport and a pre-determined amount of video streams. We also offer gold support or platinum support to our Lift customers for an additional fee, which includesextended phone support. The pricing for Lift is based on the number of users, accounts and usage, which is comprised of video streams. Should a customer’s usageexceed the contractual entitlements, the contract will provide the rate at which the customer must pay for actual usage above the contractual entitlements.OTT Flow is offered to customers on a subscription basis, with varying levels of functionality, usage entitlements and support based on the size andcomplexity of a customer’s needs. Customer arrangements are typically one-year contracts.All Once, Perform, Video Marketing Suite, Enterprise Video Suite, Lift and OTT Flow customers are considered premium customers.Professional Services and Other Revenue — Professional services and other revenue consists of services such as implementation, software customizationsand project management for customers who subscribe to our premium editions. These arrangements are priced either on a fixed fee basis with a portion due uponcontract signing and the remainder due when the related services have been completed, or on a time and materials basis. 38Table of ContentsOur backlog consists of the total future value of our committed customer contracts, whether billed or unbilled. As of December 31, 2016, we had backlog ofapproximately $86 million compared to backlog of approximately $76 million as of December 31, 2015. Of the approximately $86 million in backlog as ofDecember 31, 2016, between $69 million and $71 million is expected to be recognized as revenue during the year ended December 31, 2017. Because revenue forany period is a function of revenue recognized from backlog at the beginning of the period as well as from contract renewals and new customer contracts executedduring the period, backlog at the beginning of any period is not necessarily indicative of future performance. Our presentation of backlog may differ from that ofother companies in our industry.Cost of RevenueCost of subscription, support and professional services revenue primarily consists of costs related to supporting and hosting our product offerings anddelivering our professional services. These costs include salaries, benefits, incentive compensation and stock-based compensation expense related to themanagement of our data centers, our customer support team and our professional services staff. In addition to these expenses, we incur third-party service providercosts such as data center and content delivery network, or CDN, expenses, allocated overhead, depreciation expense and amortization of capitalized internal-usesoftware development costs and acquired intangible assets. We allocate overhead costs such as rent, utilities and supplies to all departments based on relativeheadcount. As such, general overhead expenses are reflected in cost of revenue in addition to each operating expense category.The costs associated with providing professional services are significantly higher as a percentage of related revenue than the costs associated with deliveringour subscription and support services due to the labor costs of providing professional services. As such, the implementation and professional services costs relatingto an arrangement with a new customer are more significant than the costs to renew a customer’s subscription and support arrangement.Cost of revenue increased in absolute dollars from 2015 to 2016. In future periods we expect our cost of revenue will increase in absolute dollars as ourrevenue increases. We also expect that cost of revenue as a percentage of revenue will decrease over time as we are able to achieve economies of scale in ourbusiness. However, cost of revenue as a percentage of revenue could fluctuate from period to period depending on the growth of our professional services businessand any associated costs relating to the delivery of subscription services and the timing of significant expenditures. To the extent that our customer base grows, weintend to continue to invest additional resources in expanding the delivery capability of our products and other services. The timing of these additional expensescould affect our cost of revenue, both in terms of absolute dollars and as a percentage of revenue, in any particular quarterly or annual period.Operating ExpensesWe classify our operating expenses as follows:Research and Development . Research and development expenses consist primarily of personnel and related expenses for our research and developmentstaff, including salaries, benefits, incentive compensation and stock-based compensation, in addition to the costs associated with contractors and allocatedoverhead. We have focused our research and development efforts on expanding the functionality and scalability of our products and enhancing their ease of use, aswell as creating new product offerings. We expect research and development expenses to increase in absolute dollars as we intend to continue to periodicallyrelease new features and functionality, expand our product offerings, continue the localization of our products in various languages, upgrade and extend our serviceofferings, and develop new technologies. Over the long term, we believe that research and development expenses as a percentage of revenue will decrease, but willvary depending upon the mix of revenue from new and existing products, features and functionality, as well as changes in the technology that our products mustsupport, such as new operating systems or new Internet-connected devices. 39Table of ContentsSales and Marketing . Sales and marketing expenses consist primarily of personnel and related expenses for our sales and marketing staff, including salaries,benefits, incentive compensation, commissions, stock-based compensation and travel costs, amortization of acquired intangible assets, in addition to costsassociated with marketing and promotional events, corporate communications, advertising, other brand building and product marketing expenses and allocatedoverhead. Our sales and marketing expenses have increased in absolute dollars in each of the last three years. We intend to continue to invest in sales and marketingand increase the number of sales representatives to add new customers and expand the sale of our product offerings within our existing customer base, build brandawareness and sponsor additional marketing events. Accordingly, in future periods we expect sales and marketing expense to increase in absolute dollars andcontinue to be our most significant operating expense. Over the long term, we believe that sales and marketing expense as a percentage of revenue will decrease,but will vary depending upon the mix of revenue from new and existing customers and from small, medium-sized and enterprise customers, as well as changes inthe productivity of our sales and marketing programs.General and Administrative . General and administrative expenses consist primarily of personnel and related expenses for executive, legal, finance,information technology and human resources functions, including salaries, benefits, incentive compensation and stock-based compensation, in addition to the costsassociated with professional fees, insurance premiums, other corporate expenses and allocated overhead. In future periods we expect general and administrativeexpenses to increase in absolute dollars as we continue to incur additional personnel and professional services costs in order to support the growth of our business.Over the long term, we believe that general and administrative expenses as a percentage of revenue will decrease.Merger-related . Merger-related costs consisted of transaction expenses incurred as part of the acquisition of substantially all of the assets of Unicorn Media,Inc. and certain of its subsidiaries, or Unicorn, as well as costs associated with the retention of key employees of Unicorn. Approximately $1.5 million was requiredto be paid to retain certain key employees from the Unicorn acquisition. The period in which these services were performed varies by employee. Given that theretention amount was related to a future service requirement, the related expense was recorded as merger-related compensation expense in the consolidatedstatements of operations over the expected service period.Other ExpenseOther expense consists primarily of interest income earned on our cash, cash equivalents and investments, foreign exchange gains and losses, interestexpense payable on our debt, loss on disposal of equipment and changes in the fair value of the warrants issued in connection with a line of credit.Income TaxesAs part of the process of preparing our consolidated financial statements, we are required to estimate our taxes in each of the jurisdictions in which weoperate. We account for income taxes in accordance with the asset and liability method. Under this method, deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized basedon temporary differences between the financial reporting and income tax bases of assets and liabilities using statutory rates. In addition, this method requires avaluation allowance against net deferred tax assets if, based upon the available evidence, it is more likely than not that some or all of the deferred tax assets will notbe realized. We have provided a valuation allowance against our existing net deferred tax assets at December 31, 2016, with the exception of the deferred tax assetsrelated to Brightcove KK.Stock-Based Compensation ExpenseOur cost of revenue, research and development, sales and marketing, and general and administrative expenses include stock-based compensation expense.Stock-based compensation expense represents the fair value of outstanding stock options and restricted stock awards, which is recognized as expense over the 40Table of Contentsrespective stock option and restricted stock award service periods. For the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014, we recorded stock-based compensationexpense of $6.0 million, $6.0 million and $6.4 million, respectively. We expect stock-based compensation expense to increase in absolute dollars in future periods.Foreign Currency TranslationWith regard to our international operations, we frequently enter into transactions in currencies other than the U.S. dollar. As a result, our revenue, expensesand cash flows are subject to fluctuations due to changes in foreign currency exchange rates, particularly changes in the euro, British pound, Australian dollar, andJapanese yen. For the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014, 42%, 40% and 44%, respectively, of our revenue was generated in locations outside theUnited States. During the same periods, 28%, 27% and 31%, respectively, of our revenue was in currencies other than the U.S. dollar, as were some of theassociated expenses. In periods when the U.S. dollar declines in value as compared to the foreign currencies in which we conduct business, our foreign currency-based revenue and expenses generally increase in value when translated into U.S. dollars. We expect our foreign currency-based revenue to remain relativelyunchanged in absolute dollars and as a percentage of total revenue.Critical Accounting Policies and EstimatesOur consolidated financial statements are prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States. The preparation of thesefinancial statements requires us to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and the disclosure of contingent assetsand liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reporting periods. We base our estimates onhistorical experience and on various other assumptions that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for makingjudgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. Our actual results may differ from these estimatesunder different assumptions or conditions.We believe that the following significant accounting policies, which are more fully described in the notes to our consolidated financial statements includedelsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K, involve a greater degree of judgment and complexity. Accordingly, these are the policies we believe are the mostcritical to aid in fully understanding and evaluating our financial condition and results of operations.Revenue RecognitionWe primarily derive revenue from the sale of our online video platform, which enables our customers to publish and distribute video to Internet-connecteddevices quickly, easily and in a cost-effective and high-quality manner. Revenue is derived from three primary sources: (1) the subscription to our technology andrelated support; (2) hosting, bandwidth and encoding services; and (3) professional services, which include customization services.We recognize revenue when all of the following conditions are satisfied: (1) there is persuasive evidence of an arrangement; (2) the service has beenprovided to the customer; (3) the collection of fees is probable; and (4) the amount of fees to be paid by the customer is fixed or determinable.Our subscription arrangements provide customers the right to access our hosted software applications. Customers do not have the right to take possession ofour software during the hosting arrangement. Accordingly, we recognize revenue in accordance with Accounting Standards Codification (ASC) 605, RevenueRecognition . Contracts for premium customers generally have a term of one year and are non-cancellable. These contracts generally provide the customer with anannual level of usage, and provide the rate at which the customer must pay for actual usage above the annual allowable usage. For these services, we recognize theannual fee ratably as revenue each month. Should a customer’s usage of our services exceed the annual allowable level, revenue is 41Table of Contentsrecognized for such excess in the period of the usage. Contracts for volume customers are generally month-to-month arrangements, have a maximum monthly levelof usage and provide the rate at which the customer must pay for actual usage above the monthly allowable usage. The monthly volume subscription and supportand usage fees are recognized as revenue during the period in which the related cash is collected.Revenue recognition commences upon the later of when the application is placed in a production environment, or when all revenue recognition criteria havebeen met.Professional services and other revenue sold on a stand-alone basis are recognized as the services are performed, subject to any refund or other obligation.Deferred revenue includes amounts billed to customers for which revenue has not been recognized, and primarily consists of the unearned portion of annualsoftware subscription and support fees, and deferred professional service fees.Revenue is presented net of any taxes collected from customers.Multiple-Element ArrangementsWe periodically enter into multiple-element service arrangements that include platform subscription fees, support fees, and, in certain cases, otherprofessional services.We assess arrangements with multiple deliverables under Accounting Standards Update (ASU) No. 2009-13, Revenue Recognition (Topic 605), Multiple-Deliverable Revenue Arrangements — a Consensus of the FASB Emerging Issues Task Force . Arrangement consideration is allocated to deliverables based ontheir relative selling price.In order to treat deliverables in a multiple-element arrangement as separate units of accounting, the deliverables must have stand-alone value upon delivery.If the deliverables have stand-alone value upon delivery, we account for each deliverable separately. Subscription services have stand-alone value as such servicesare often sold separately. In determining whether professional services have stand-alone value, we consider the following factors for each professional servicesagreement: availability of the services from other vendors, the nature of the professional services, the timing of when the professional services contract was signedin comparison to the subscription service start date, and the contractual dependence of the subscription service on the customer’s satisfaction with the professionalservices work. To date, we have concluded that all of the professional services included in multiple-element arrangements executed have stand-alone value.When multiple deliverables included in an arrangement are separated into different units of accounting, the arrangement consideration is allocated to theidentified separate units based on a relative selling price hierarchy. We determine the relative selling price for a deliverable based on its vendor-specific objectiveevidence of fair value (VSOE), if available, or its best estimate of selling price (BESP), if VSOE is not available. We have determined that third-party evidence ofselling price is not a practical alternative due to differences in our service offerings compared to other parties and the availability of relevant third party pricinginformation. The amount of revenue allocated to delivered items is limited by contingent revenue, if any.We have not established VSOE for our offerings due to the lack of pricing consistency, the introduction of new services and other factors. Accordingly, weuse our BESP to determine the relative selling price. We determine BESP by considering our overall pricing objectives and market conditions. Significant pricingpractices taken into consideration include our discounting practices, the size and volume of our transactions, the geographic area where services are sold, price lists,our go-to-market strategy, historical contractually stated prices and prior relationships and future subscription service sales with certain classes of customers. 42Table of ContentsThe determination of BESP is made through consultation with and approval by our management, taking into consideration the go-to-market strategy. As ourgo-to-market strategies evolve, we may modify our pricing practices in the future, which could result in changes in selling prices, including both VSOE and BESP.We analyze the selling prices used in our allocation of arrangement consideration, at a minimum, on an annual basis. Selling prices are analyzed on a more frequentbasis if a significant change in our business necessitates a more timely analysis or if we experience significant variances in our selling prices.Allowance for Doubtful AccountsWe offset gross trade accounts receivable with an allowance for doubtful accounts. The allowance for doubtful accounts is our best estimate of the amount ofprobable credit losses in our existing accounts receivable and is based upon historical loss patterns, the number of days that billings are past due and an evaluationof the potential risk of loss associated with specific accounts. Provisions for allowances for doubtful accounts are recorded in general and administrative expense.If, upon signing a customer arrangement, the related account receivable is not considered collectable, we will defer the associated revenue until we collect the cash.To date, we have not incurred any significant write-offs of accounts receivable and have not been required to revise any of our assumptions or estimates used indetermining our allowance for doubtful accounts. As of December 31, 2016, our allowance for doubtful accounts was $154,000.Software Development CostsCosts incurred to develop software applications used in our on-demand application services consist of (a) certain external direct costs of materials andservices incurred in developing or obtaining internal-use computer software and (b) payroll and payroll-related costs for employees who are directly associatedwith, and who devote time to, the project. These costs generally consist of internal labor during configuration, coding and testing activities. Research anddevelopment costs incurred during the preliminary project stage or costs incurred for data conversion activities, training, maintenance and general andadministrative or overhead costs are expensed as incurred. Capitalization begins when the preliminary project stage is complete, management with the relevantauthority authorizes and commits to the funding of the software project, it is probable the project will be completed, and the software will be used to perform thefunctions intended and certain functional and quality standards have been met. Qualified costs incurred during the operating stage of our software applicationsrelating to upgrades and enhancements are capitalized to the extent it is probable that they will result in added functionality, while costs that cannot be separatedbetween maintenance of, and minor upgrades and enhancements to, internal-use software are expensed as incurred. These capitalized costs are amortized on astraight-line basis over the expected useful life of the software, which is three years. We capitalized $4.0 million in 2016, $1.5 million in 2015 and $474,000 in2014, respectively, of internal-use software development costs. Amortization of software development costs was $690,000 in 2016, $469,000 in 2015 and $397,000in 2014, respectively.Income TaxesWe are subject to income taxes in both the United States and international jurisdictions, and we use estimates in determining our provision for income taxes.We account for income taxes under the asset and liability method for accounting and reporting for income taxes. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognizedbased on temporary differences between the financial reporting and income tax basis of assets and liabilities using statutory rates. This process requires us toproject our current tax liability and estimate our deferred tax assets and liabilities, including net operating losses and tax credit carryforwards. In assessing the needfor a valuation allowance, we considered our recent operating results, future taxable income projections and feasible tax planning strategies. We have provided avaluation allowance against our net deferred tax assets at December 31, 2016 with the exception of the deferred tax assets related to Brightcove KK. Due to theevolving nature and complexity of tax regulations combined with the number of jurisdictions in which we operate, it is possible that our estimates of our taxliability could change in the future, which may result in additional tax liabilities and adversely affect our results of operations, financial condition and cash flows. 43Table of ContentsAs of December 31, 2016 and 2015, we had no material unrecognized tax benefits.Business CombinationsWe record tangible and intangible assets acquired and liabilities assumed in business combinations under the purchase method of accounting. Amounts paidfor each acquisition are allocated to the assets acquired and liabilities assumed based on their fair values at the date of acquisition. We then allocate the purchaseprice in excess of net tangible assets acquired to identifiable intangible assets based on detailed valuations that use information and assumptions provided bymanagement. We allocate any excess purchase price over the fair value of the net tangible and intangible assets acquired and liabilities assumed to goodwill. If thefair value of the assets acquired exceeds our purchase price, the excess is recognized as a gain.Significant management judgments and assumptions are required in determining the fair value of acquired assets and liabilities, particularly acquiredintangible assets. The valuation of purchased intangible assets is based upon estimates of the future performance and cash flows from the acquired business. Eachasset is measured at fair value from the perspective of a market participant.If different assumptions are used, it could materially impact the purchase price allocation and adversely affect our results of operations, financial conditionand cash flows.Goodwill and Acquired Intangible AssetsWe record goodwill when consideration paid in a purchase acquisition exceeds the fair value of the net assets acquired. Goodwill is not amortized, but ratheris tested for impairment annually or more frequently if facts and circumstances warrant a review. Conditions that could trigger a more frequent impairmentassessment include, but are not limited to, a significant adverse change in certain agreements, significant underperformance relative to historical or projected futureoperating results, an economic downturn in customers’ industries, increased competition, a significant reduction in our stock price for a sustained period or areduction of our market capitalization relative to net book value. We evaluate impairment by comparing the estimated fair value of each reporting unit to itscarrying value. We estimate fair value primarily utilizing the market approach, which calculates fair value based on the market values of comparable companies orcomparable transactions. Actual results may differ materially from these estimates. The estimates we make in determining the fair value of our reporting unitinvolve the application of judgment, which could affect the timing and size of any future impairment charges. Impairment of our goodwill could significantly affectour operating results and financial position.Intangible assets are recorded at their estimated fair value at the date of acquisition. We amortize our intangible assets over their estimated useful lives basedon the pattern of consumption of the economic benefit or, if that pattern cannot be readily determined, on a straight-line basis. Amortization is recorded over theestimated useful lives ranging from two to fourteen years.We review our intangible assets subject to amortization to determine if any adverse conditions exist or a change in circumstances has occurred that wouldindicate impairment or a change in the remaining useful life. If the carrying value of an asset exceeds its undiscounted cash flows, we will write down the carryingvalue of the intangible asset to its fair value in the period identified. In assessing recoverability, we must make assumptions regarding estimated future cash flowsand discount rates. If these estimates or related assumptions change in the future, we may be required to record impairment charges. We generally calculate fairvalue as the present value of estimated future cash flows to be generated by the asset using a risk adjusted discount rate. If the estimate of an intangible asset’sremaining useful life is changed, we will amortize the remaining carrying value of the intangible asset prospectively over the revised remaining useful life.We adopted ASU No. 2011-08, Intangibles — Goodwill and Other (Topic 350) Testing Goodwill for Impairment . Under ASU 2011-08, we have the optionto assess qualitative factors to determine whether the existence of events or circumstances leads to a determination that it is more likely than not that the fair valueof a 44Table of Contentsreporting unit is less than its carrying amount to determine whether further impairment testing is necessary. Based on the assessment of these qualitative factors, wedetermined that no impairment indicators were noted, allowing us to forego the quantitative analysis.Stock-based CompensationWe value our shares of common stock in connection with the issuance of stock-based equity awards using the closing price of our shares of common stockon the NASDAQ Global Market on the date of the grant. Accounting guidance requires employee stock-based payments to be accounted for under the fair valuemethod. Under this method, we are required to record compensation cost based on the estimated fair value for stock-based awards granted over the requisite serviceperiods for the individual awards, which generally equals the vesting periods. We use the straight-line amortization method for recognizing stock-basedcompensation expense associated with equity awards to employees.We estimate the fair value of employee stock options on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model, which requires the use of highlysubjective estimates and assumptions. For restricted stock awards issued we estimate the fair value of each grant based on the stock price of our common stock onthe date of grant. Prior to 2015, as there was no public market for its common stock prior to February 17, 2012, the effective date of the Company’s IPO, and as thetrading history of our common stock was limited through December 31, 2016, we determined the volatility for options granted based on an analysis of reported datafor a peer group of companies that issued options with substantially similar terms. The expected volatility of options granted had been determined using a weightedaverage of the historical volatility measures of this peer group of companies. Beginning in 2015, as there was at least three years of trading history of our commonstock, the expected volatility of options granted has been determined using a weighted average of the historical volatility measures of this peer group of companiesas well as the historical volatility of our own common stock. The expected life assumption is based on the “simplified method” for estimating expected term as wedo not have sufficient stock option exercise experience to support a reasonable estimate of the expected term. The risk-free interest rate is based on a treasuryinstrument whose term is consistent with the expected life of the stock options. We use an expected dividend rate of zero as we currently have no history orexpectation of paying dividends on our common stock. In addition, we have estimated expected forfeitures of stock options based on our historical forfeiture rateand used these rates in developing a future forfeiture rate. If our actual forfeiture rate varies from our historical rates and estimates, additional adjustments tocompensation expense may be required in future periods.The relevant data used to determine the value of the stock option grants is as follows: Year Ended December 31, 2016 2015 2014 Risk-free interest rate 1.75% 1.96% 2.16% Expected volatility 45% 46% 52% Expected life (in years) 6.2 6.2 6.2 Expected dividend yield — — — 45Table of ContentsResults of OperationsThe following tables set forth our results of operations for the periods presented. The period-to-period comparison of financial results is not necessarilyindicative of future results. Year Ended December 31, 2016 2015 2014 (in thousands, except share and per share data) Revenue: Subscription and support revenue $142,022 $131,010 $120,324 Professional services and other revenue 8,244 3,696 4,693 Total revenue 150,266 134,706 125,017 Cost of revenue: Cost of subscription and support revenue 48,011 41,735 38,015 Cost of professional services and other revenue 7,836 4,742 5,718 Total cost of revenue 55,847 46,477 43,733 Gross profit 94,419 88,229 81,284 Operating expenses: Research and development 30,171 29,302 28,252 Sales and marketing 54,038 45,795 46,014 General and administrative 19,167 19,862 19,136 Merger-related 21 201 3,075 Total operating expenses 103,397 95,160 96,477 Loss from operations (8,978) (6,931) (15,193) Other expense, net (598) (258) (1,440) Loss before income taxes (9,576) (7,189) (16,633) Provision for income taxes 410 391 260 Net loss $(9,986) $(7,580) $(16,893) Net loss per share - basic and diluted $(0.30) $(0.23) $(0.53) Weighted-average number of common shares used in computing net loss per share - basic and diluted 33,189 32,598 31,949 Overview of Results of Operations for the Years Ended December 31, 2016 and 2015Total revenue increased by 12%, or $15.6 million, in 2016 compared to 2015 due to an increase in subscription and support revenue of 8%, or $11.0 million.The increase in professional services and other revenue of 123%, or $4.5 million primarily related to the size and number of professional services engagements, in2016 compared to 2015. The increase in subscription and support revenue resulted primarily from an increase in revenue from new and existing customers. Inaddition, our revenue from premium offerings grew by $17.1million, or 14%, in 2016 compared to 2015. Our ability to continue to provide the productfunctionality and performance that our customers require will be a major factor in our ability to continue to increase revenue.Our gross profit increased by $6.2 million, or 7%, in 2016 compared to 2015, primarily due to an increase in revenue. Our ability to continue to maintain ouroverall gross profit will depend primarily on our ability to continue controlling our costs of delivery. Loss from operations was $9.0 million in 2016 compared to$6.9 million in 2015. Loss from operations in 2016 included stock-based compensation expense and amortization of acquired intangible assets of $6.0 million and$3.1 million, respectively. Loss from operations in 2015 included stock-based compensation expense and amortization of acquired intangible assets of $6.0 millionand 46Table of Contents$3.1 million, respectively. We expect operating income to improve from increased sales to both new and existing customers and from improved efficienciesthroughout our organization as we continue to grow and scale our operations.As of December 31, 2016, we had $36.8 million of unrestricted cash and cash equivalents, an increase of $9.2 million from $27.6 million at December 31,2015, due primarily to $11.1 million of cash provided by operating activities, $4.6 million in proceeds from exercises of stock options and $604,000 in proceedsfrom an equipment financing. These increases were offset in part by $3.9 million in capitalization of internal-use software costs, $1.3 million in capitalexpenditures and $850,000 in payments under capital lease obligations.Revenue Year Ended December 31, 2016 2015 Change Revenue by Product Line Amount Percentage ofRevenue Amount Percentage ofRevenue Amount % (in thousands, except percentages) Premium $142,840 95% $125,767 93% $17,073 14% Volume 7,426 5 8,939 7 (1,513) (17) Total $150,266 100% $134,706 100% $15,560 12% During 2016, revenue increased by $15.6 million, or 12%, compared to 2015, primarily due to an increase in revenue from our premium offerings, whichconsist of subscription and support revenue, as well as professional services and other revenue. The increase in premium revenue of $17.1million, or 14%, ispartially the result of an 8% increase in the number of premium customers from 1,863 at December 31, 2015 to 2,007 at December 31, 2016 and a 6% increase inthe average annual subscription revenue per premium customer during 2016. In addition, during 2016, professional services and other revenue increased by$4.5 million compared to 2015. During 2016, volume revenue decreased by $1.5 million, or 17%, compared to 2015, as we continue to focus on the market for ourpremium solutions. Year Ended December 31, 2016 2015 Change Revenue by Type Amount Percentage ofRevenue Amount Percentage ofRevenue Amount % (in thousands, except percentages) Subscription and support $142,022 95% $131,010 97% $11,012 8% Professional services and other 8,244 5 3,696 3 4,548 123 Total $150,266 100% $134,706 100% $15,560 12% 47Table of ContentsDuring 2016, subscription and support revenue increased by $11.0 million, or 8%, compared to 2015. The increase was primarily related to the continuedgrowth of our customer base for our premium offerings, including sales to both new and existing customers, and a 6% increase in the average annual subscriptionrevenue per premium customer during 2016. In addition, professional services and other revenue increased by $4.5 million, or 123%, primarily related to the sizeand number of professional services engagements during 2016 compared to the prior year. We engaged in several large professional services engagements in 2016to support our various subscription sales, including $4.7 million of revenue recognized from customers in Japan compared to $1.4 million in the prior year.Professional services and other revenue will vary from period to period depending on the number of implementations and other projects that are in process. Year Ended December 31, 2016 2015 Change Revenue by Geography Amount Percentage ofRevenue Amount Percentage ofRevenue Amount % (in thousands, except percentages) North America $92,912 62% $86,106 64% $6,806 8% Europe 25,196 17 25,380 19 (184) (1) Japan 15,230 10 9,061 7 6,169 68 Asia Pacific 15,617 10 12,380 9 3,237 26 Other 1,311 1 1,779 1 (468) (26) International subtotal 57,354 38 48,600 36 8,754 18 Total $150,266 100% $134,706 100% $15,560 12% For purposes of this section, we designate revenue by geographic regions based upon the locations of our customers. North America is comprised of revenuefrom the United States, Canada and Mexico. International is comprised of revenue from locations outside of North America. Depending on the timing of newcustomer contracts, revenue mix from a geographic region can vary from period to period.During 2016, total revenue for North America increased $6.8 million, or 8%, compared to 2015. The increase in revenue for North America resultedprimarily from an increase in subscription and support revenue from our premium offerings. During 2016, total revenue outside of North America increased$8.8 million, or 18%, compared to 2015. The increase in revenue from international regions is primarily related to an increase in revenue in Japan and Asia Pacific.Revenue from customers in Japan increased by $6.2 million of which $3.3 million was from professional service arrangements. This increase is partially offset by a$1.1 million reduction in revenue due to changes in foreign exchange rates compared to the exchange rates that were in effect during 2015.Cost of Revenue Year Ended December 31, 2016 2015 Change Cost of Revenue Amount Percentage ofRelated Revenue Amount Percentage ofRelated Revenue Amount % (in thousands, except percentages) Subscription and support $48,011 34% $41,735 32% $6,276 15% Professional services and other 7,836 95 4,742 128 3,094 65 Total $55,847 37% $46,477 35% $9,370 20% During 2016, cost of subscription and support revenue increased $6.3 million, or 15%, compared to 2015. The increase resulted primarily from increases incontent delivery network expenses, network hosting service expenses, employee-related expenses, and costs associated with the closure of certain facilitiesof $3.2 million, 48Table of Contents$2.4 million, $738,000 and $696,000, respectively. There were also increases in bandwidth, third-party software integrated with our service offerings and stock-based compensation expenses of $239,000, $208,000 and $143,000, respectively. These increases were partially offset by a decrease in depreciation expense of$1.2 million.During 2016, cost of professional services and other revenue increased $3.1 million, or 65%, compared to 2015. The increase resulted primarily fromincreases in contractor and employee-related expenses of $2.3 million and $605,000, respectively. The increase primarily related to an increase in professionalservices projects in 2016.Gross Profit Year Ended December 31, 2016 2015 Change Gross Profit Amount Percentage ofRelated Revenue Amount Percentage ofRelated Revenue Amount % (in thousands, except percentages) Subscription and support $94,011 66% $89,275 68% $4,736 5% Professional services and other 408 5 (1,046) (28) 1,454 139 Total $94,419 63% $88,229 65% $6,190 7% The overall gross profit percentage was 63% and 65% for the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2015, respectively. Subscription and support gross profitincreased $4.7 million, or 5%, compared to 2015. Professional services and other gross profit increased $1.5 million, or 139% compared to 2015. The increase inthe number of professional service engagements has allowed for greater leverage of fixed costs, which has resulted in margin expansion for this revenue stream.The decrease in subscription and support gross margin is primarily related to additional costs incurred in delivering our subscription service in addition to the costsincurred to close certain facilities. During 2016 we moved certain operating activities to cloud-based services while maintaining existing data centers until thefourth quarter at which time we closed certain facilities and incurred an additional expense of $845,000. We expect to continue to seek opportunities to moveoperating activities to additional cloud-based services, and as a result, to achieve a moderate increase in subscription and support gross margin. It is likely thatgross profit, as a percentage of revenue, will fluctuate quarter by quarter due to the timing and mix of subscription and support revenue and professional servicesand other revenue, and the type, timing and duration of service required in delivering certain projects.Operating Expenses Year Ended December 31, 2016 2015 Change Operating Expenses Amount Percentage ofRevenue Amount Percentage ofRevenue Amount % (in thousands, except percentages) Research and development $30,171 20% $29,302 22% $869 3% Sales and marketing 54,038 36 45,795 34 8,243 18 General and administrative 19,167 13 19,862 15 (695) (3) Merger-related 21 — 201 — (180) (90) Total $103,397 69% $95,160 71% $8,237 9% Research and Development . During 2016, research and development expense increased by $869,000, or 3%, compared to 2015 primarily due to increasesin employee-related and contractor expenses of $1.1 million and $248,000 respectively. These increases were partially offset by decreases in rent, travel and stock-based compensation expenses of $186,000, $149,000 and $117,000, respectively. In future periods, we expect that our 49Table of Contentsresearch and development expense will increase in absolute dollars as we continue to add employees, develop new features and functionality for our products,introduce additional software solutions and expand our product and service offerings.Sales and Marketing . During 2016, sales and marketing expense increased by $8.2 million, or 18%, compared to 2015 primarily due to employee-related,commission and travel expenses of $4.5 million, $2.2 million and $652,000 respectively. There were also increases in computer maintenance and support,marketing programs and stock-based compensation expenses of $388,000, $364,000 and $165,000, respectively. These increases were partially offset by a decreasein contractor expense of $283,000. We expect that our sales and marketing expense will increase in absolute dollars along with our revenue, as we continue toexpand sales coverage and build brand awareness through what we believe are cost-effective channels. We expect that such increases may fluctuate from period toperiod, however, due to the timing of marketing programs.General and Administrative . During 2016, general and administrative expense decreased by 695,000, or 3%, compared to 2015 primarily due to decreasesin outside accounting and legal fees, stock-based compensation expense, bad debt expense, and rent expense of $1.3 million, $229,000, $179,000 and $109,000,respectively. These decreases were offset by increases in employee-related, recruiting and amortization expense of $700,000, $247,000 and $165,000, respectively.There were also increases in computer maintenance and support and commission expenses of $148,000 and $131,000, respectively. In future periods, we expectgeneral and administrative expense will increase in absolute dollars as we add personnel and incur additional costs related to the growth of our business andoperations.Merger-related . During 2016, merger-related expenses decreased $180,000, or 90%, when compared to 2015 primarily due to an $182,000 decrease in costsassociated with the retention of certain employees of Unicorn.Other Expense, Net Year Ended December 31, 2016 2015 Change Other Expense Amount Percentage ofRevenue Amount Percentage ofRevenue Amount % (in thousands, except percentages) Interest income, net $99 — % $6 — % $93 nm% Interest expense (63) — (96) — 33 (34) Other expense, net (634) — (168) — (466) 277 Total $(598) — % $(258) — % $(340) 132% nm – not meaningfulDuring 2016, interest income, net, increased by $93,000 compared to 2015. The increase is primarily due to a higher average cash balance as interest incomeis generated from the investment of our cash balances, less related bank fees.The interest expense during 2016 is primarily comprised of interest paid on capital leases and an equipment financing. The increase in other expenses, net isprimarily due to a gain of $871,000 in 2015 upon the return of shares from escrow in connection with a business combination. This increase is offset in part by adecrease of $413,000 in foreign currency exchange losses that are recorded upon collection of foreign denominated accounts receivable. 50Table of ContentsProvision for Income Taxes Year Ended December 31, 2016 2015 Change Provision for Income Taxes Amount Percentage ofRevenue Amount Percentage ofRevenue Amount % (in thousands, except percentages) Provision for income taxes $410 — % $391 — % $19 5% During 2016 and 2015, the provision for income taxes was primarily comprised of income tax expenses related to foreign jurisdictions.Overview of Results of Operations for the Years Ended December 31, 2015 and 2014Total revenue increased by 8%, or $9.7 million, in 2015 compared to 2014 due to an increase in subscription and support revenue of 9%, or $10.7 million,which was offset in part by a decrease in professional services and other revenue of 21%, or $997,000. The increase in subscription and support revenue resultedprimarily from an increase in revenue from new and existing customers. In addition, our revenue from premium offerings grew by $11.0 million, or 10%, in 2015compared to 2014. These increases were offset by a $4.0 million reduction in revenue due to changes in foreign exchange rates compared to the exchange rates thatwere in effect during 2014.Our gross profit increased by $6.9 million, or 9%, in 2015 compared to 2014, primarily due to an increase in revenue. Our ability to continue to maintain ouroverall gross profit will depend primarily on our ability to continue controlling our costs of delivery. Loss from operations was $6.9 million in 2015 compared to$15.2 million in 2014. Loss from operations in 2015 included stock-based compensation expense, amortization of acquired intangible assets and merger-relatedexpenses of $6.0 million, $3.1 million and $0.2 million, respectively. Loss from operations in 2014 included stock-based compensation expense, amortization ofacquired intangible assets and merger-related expenses of $6.4 million, $3.2 million and $3.1 million, respectively.As of December 31, 2015, we had $27.6 million of unrestricted cash and cash equivalents, an increase of $4.7 million from $22.9 million at December 31,2014 due primarily to $9.1 million of cash provided by operating activities. This increase was partially offset by $1.5 million in capitalization of internal-usesoftware costs, $1.4 million in capital expenditures and $1.3 million in payments under capital lease obligations.Revenue Year Ended December 31, 2015 2014 Change Revenue by Product Line Amount Percentage ofRevenue Amount Percentage ofRevenue Amount % (in thousands, except percentages) Premium $125,767 93% $114,803 92% $10,964 10% Volume 8,939 7 10,214 8 (1,275) (12) Total $134,706 100% $125,017 100% $9,689 8% 51Table of ContentsDuring 2015, revenue increased by $9.7 million, or 8%, compared to 2014, primarily due to an increase in revenue from our premium offerings, whichconsist of subscription and support revenue, as well as professional services and other revenue. The increase in premium revenue of $11.0 million, or 10%,compared to 2014, is partially the result of a 9% increase in the average annual subscription revenue per premium customer during 2015. There was a $4.0 millionreduction in revenue due to changes in foreign exchange rates compared to the exchange rates that were in effect during 2014. In 2015, revenue from our volumeofferings decreased by $1.3 million, or 12%, compared to 2014, due primarily to the discontinuation of marketing for entry-level Video Cloud Express offerings. Year Ended December 31, Change 2015 2014 Revenue by Type Amount Percentage ofRevenue Amount Percentage ofRevenue Amount % (in thousands, except percentages) Subscription and support $131,010 97% $120,324 96% $10,686 9% Professional services and other 3,696 3 4,693 4 (997) (21) Total $134,706 100% $125,017 100% $9,689 8% During 2015, subscription and support revenue increased by $10.7 million, or 9%, compared to 2014. The increase was primarily related to a 9% increase inthe average annual subscription revenue per premium customer during 2015. Professional services and other revenue decreased by $997,000, or 21%, compared to2014. Professional services and other revenue will vary from period to period depending on the number of implementations and other projects that are in process. Year Ended December 31, Change 2015 2014 Revenue by Geography Amount Percentage ofRevenue Amount Percentage ofRevenue Amount % (in thousands, except percentages) North America $86,106 64% $75,419 60% $10,687 14% Europe 25,380 19 30,624 25 (5,244) (17) Japan 9,061 7 7,902 6 1,159 15 Asia Pacific 12,380 9 10,109 8 2,271 22 Other 1,779 1 963 1 816 85 International subtotal 48,600 36 49,598 40 (998) (2) Total $134,706 100% $125,017 100% $9,689 8% For purposes of this section, we designate revenue by geographic regions based upon the locations of our customers. North America is comprised of revenuefrom the United States, Canada and Mexico. International is comprised of revenue from locations outside of North America. Depending on the timing of newcustomer contracts, revenue mix from a geographic region can vary from period to period.During 2015, total revenue for North America increased $10.7 million, or 14%, compared to 2014. The increase in revenue for North America resultedprimarily from an increase in subscription and support revenue from our premium offerings. During 2015, total revenue outside of North America decreased$998,000, or 2%, compared to 2014. The decrease in revenue from International regions is primarily related to Europe, as we have experienced a decrease in salesin this region, combined with a reduction in revenue due to changes in foreign exchange rates compared to the exchange rates that were in effect during 2014.These decreases were offset by an increase in subscription and support revenue from our premium offerings. 52Table of ContentsCost of Revenue Year Ended December 31, Change 2015 2014 Cost of Revenue Amount Percentage ofRelated Revenue Amount Percentage ofRelated Revenue Amount % (in thousands, except percentages) Subscription and support $41,735 32% $38,015 32% $3,720 10% Professional services and other 4,742 128 5,718 122 (976) (17) Total $46,477 35% $43,733 35% $2,744 6% During 2015, cost of subscription and support revenue increased $3.7 million, or 10%, compared to 2014. The increase resulted primarily from an increase inthe cost of content delivery network expenses, network hosting services and employee-related expenses of $1.7 million, $1.4 million and $535,000, respectively.There was also an increase in maintenance expense and expenses related to third-party software integrated with our service offering of $123,000 and $122,000,respectively. These increases were offset in part by a decrease in depreciation expense of $215,000 relating to a return of equipment.During 2015, cost of professional services and other revenue decreased $976,000, or 17%, compared to 2014. The decrease resulted primarily from adecrease in employee-related and contractor expenses of $736,000 and $344,000, respectively.Gross Profit Year Ended December 31, Change 2015 2014 Gross Profit Amount Percentage ofRelated Revenue Amount Percentage ofRelated Revenue Amount % (in thousands, except percentages) Subscription and support $89,275 68% $82,309 68% $6,966 8% Professional services and other (1,046) (28) (1,025) (22) (21) (2) Total $88,229 65% $81,284 65% $6,945 9% The overall gross profit percentage was 65% for both the years ended December 31, 2015 and 2014. Subscription and support gross profit increased$7.0 million, or 8%, compared to 2014. Professional services and other gross profit decreased $21,000, compared to 2014 primarily due to a reduction in revenuewithout a corresponding reduction in costs.Operating Expenses Year Ended December 31, Change 2015 2014 Operating Expenses Amount Percentage ofRevenue Amount Percentage ofRevenue Amount % (in thousands, except percentages) Research and development $29,302 22% $28,252 23% $1,050 4% Sales and marketing 45,795 34 46,014 37 (219) — General and administrative 19,862 15 19,136 15 726 4 Merger-related 201 — 3,075 2 (2,874) (93) Total $95,160 71% $96,477 77% $(1,317) (1)% 53Table of ContentsResearch and Development . During 2015, research and development expense increased by $1.1 million, or 4%, compared to 2014 primarily due toadditional employee-related, rent and recruiting expenses of $960,000, $393,000 and $211,000, respectively. These increases were partially offset by a decrease incontractor expenses of $441,000.Sales and Marketing . During 2015, sales and marketing expense decreased $219,000, compared to 2014 primarily due to decreases in marketing programs,travel expenses and amortization of acquired intangible assets of $1.2 million, $406,000 and $159,000, respectively. These decreases were offset in part by anincrease in employee-related, commission and contractor expenses of $907,000, $258,000 and $201,000, respectively.General and Administrative . During 2015, general and administrative expense increased by $726,000, or 4%, compared to 2014 primarily due to anincrease in contractor expenses, depreciation expense, outside accounting and legal fees, and bad debt expenses of $459,000, $414,000, $367,000 and $291,000,respectively. These increases were offset in part by a decrease in stock-based compensation, employee-related and recruiting expenses of $331,000, $259,000 and$148,000, respectively.Merger-related . During 2015, merger-related expenses decreased $2.9 million, or 93%, compared to 2014 primarily due to a $1.8 million decrease in costsincurred in connection with closing the acquisition of substantially all of the assets of Unicorn. There was also a decrease in the costs associated with the retentionof certain employees of Unicorn and in the costs associated with the retention of certain employees of Zencoder of $1.0 million and $76,000, respectively.Other Expense, Net Year Ended December 31, Change 2015 2014 Other Expense Amount Percentage ofRevenue Amount Percentage ofRevenue Amount % (in thousands, except percentages) Interest income, net $6 — % $11 — % $(5) (45)% Interest expense (96) — (96) — — nm Other expense, net (168) — (1,355) (1) 1,187 88 Total $(258) — % $(1,440) (1) % $1,182 82% During 2015, interest income, net, decreased by $5,000 compared to 2014. The decrease is primarily due to the larger invested cash balances in 2014 ascompared to 2015 as interest income is generated from investments of our cash balances, less related bank fees.The interest expense during 2015 is primarily comprised of interest paid on capital leases and an equipment financing. The interest expense during 2014 wasprimarily comprised of interest paid on capital leases. The decrease in other expenses, net is primarily due to a gain of $871,000 in 2015 upon the return of sharesfrom escrow in connection with a business combination. There was also a decrease of $313,000 in foreign currency exchange losses that are recorded uponcollection of foreign denominated accounts receivable.Provision for Income Taxes Year Ended December 31, Change 2015 2014 Provision for Income Taxes Amount Percentage ofRevenue Amount Percentage ofRevenue Amount % (in thousands, except percentages) Provision for income taxes $391 — % $260 — % $131 50% During 2015, provision for income taxes increased by $131,000 compared to 2014. For both 2015 and 2014, the tax provision was primarily comprised ofincome tax expenses related to foreign jurisdictions. The increase in 54Table of Contentsprovision for income taxes is primarily related to expense from our subsidiary in Japan, as we utilized more net operating loss carryforwards in 2014 to offsettaxable income without a corresponding amount utilized in 2015.Liquidity and Capital ResourcesIn connection with our initial public offering in February 2012, we received aggregate proceeds of approximately $58.8 million, including the proceeds fromthe underwriters’ exercise of their overallotment option, net of underwriters’ discounts and commissions, but before deducting offering expenses of approximately$4.3 million. Prior to our initial public offering, we funded our operations primarily through private placements of preferred and common stock, as well as throughborrowings of $7.0 million under our bank credit facilities. In February 2012, we repaid the $7.0 million balance under our bank credit facilities. All of thepreferred stock was converted into shares of our common stock in connection with our initial public offering. Year Ended December 31, Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flow Data 2016 2015 2014 (in thousands) Purchases of property and equipment $(1,307) $(1,390) $(3,518) Depreciation and amortization 7,796 8,687 8,587 Cash flows provided by operating activities 11,077 9,081 1,485 Cash flows used in investing activities (5,293) (2,846) (10,471) Cash flows provided by (used in) financing activities 3,633 (1,412) (802) Cash and cash equivalents.Our cash and cash equivalents at December 31, 2016 were held for working capital purposes and were invested primarily in money market funds. We do notenter into investments for trading or speculative purposes. At December 31, 2015, we had $201,000 of restricted cash held in certificates of deposit as collateral forletters of credit related to the contractual provisions of our corporate credit cards. During 2016, the collateral for the letter of credit related to the contractualprovisions of our corporate credit cards was released, which eliminated the restricted cash balance. At December 31, 2016 and 2015, we had $5.9 million and$5.2 million, respectively, of cash and cash equivalents held by subsidiaries in international locations, including subsidiaries located in Japan and the UnitedKingdom. It is our current intention to permanently reinvest unremitted earnings in such subsidiaries or to repatriate the earnings only when tax effective. Webelieve that our existing cash and cash equivalents will be sufficient to meet our anticipated working capital and capital expenditure needs over at least the next 12months.Accounts receivable, net.Our accounts receivable balance fluctuates from period to period, which affects our cash flow from operating activities. The fluctuations vary depending onthe timing of our billing activity, cash collections, and changes to our allowance for doubtful accounts. In many instances we receive cash payment from a customerprior to the time we are able to recognize revenue on a transaction. We record these payments as deferred revenue, which has a positive effect on our accountsreceivable balances. We use days’ sales outstanding, or DSO, calculated on a quarterly basis, as a measurement of the quality and status of our receivables. Wedefine DSO as (a) accounts receivable, net of allowance for doubtful accounts, divided by total revenue for the most recent quarter, multiplied by (b) the number ofdays in that quarter. DSO was 53 days at December 31, 2016 and 56 days at December 31, 2015.Cash flows provided by operating activities.Cash provided by operating activities consists primarily of net loss adjusted for certain non-cash items including depreciation and amortization, stock-basedcompensation expense, the provision for bad debts and the effect of changes in working capital and other activities. Cash provided by operating activities during theyear ended December 31, 2016 was $11.1 million. The cash flow provided by operating activities resulted from net 55Table of Contentsnon-cash charges of $14.2 million, cash provided by changes in our operating assets and liabilities of $6.9 million, partially offset by net losses of $10.0 million.Net non-cash expenses consisted primarily of $7.8 million for depreciation and amortization expense and $6.0 million for stock-based compensation expense. Cashprovided by changes in our operating assets and liabilities consisted primarily of increases in deferred revenue, accrued expenses and accounts payable of$4.8 million $3.2 million, and $733,000 respectively. These inflows were offset in part by increases in prepaid expenses and other current assets and accountsreceivable of $894,000 and $559,000, respectively.Cash flows used in investing activities.Cash used in investing activities during the year ended December 31, 2016 was $5.3 million, consisting primarily of $3.9 million for the capitalization ofinternal-use software costs, $1.3 million in capital expenditures to support the business and $300,000 in cash paid for the purchase of an intangible asset. Theseoutflows were offset in part by decrease in restricted cash of $201,000.Cash flows provided by financing activities.Cash provided by financing activities for the year ended December 31, 2016 was $3.6 million, consisting of proceeds received from the exercise of commonstock options and equipment financing of $4.6 million and $604,000, respectively, offset partially by payments under capital lease obligation, withholding tax onRSU vesting and payments on equipment financing of $850,000, $405,000 and $271,000, respectively.Credit facility borrowings.On November 19, 2015, we entered into an amended and restated loan and security agreement with a lender (the “Loan Agreement”) providing for up to a$20.0 million asset based line of credit (the “Line of Credit”). Under the Line of Credit, we can borrow up to $20.0 million. Borrowings under the Line of Creditare secured by substantially all of our assets, excluding our intellectual property. Outstanding amounts under the Line of Credit accrue interest at a rate equal to theprime rate or the LIBOR rate plus 2.5%. Under the Loan Agreement, we must comply with certain financial covenants, including maintaining a minimum assetcoverage ratio. If the outstanding principal during any month is at least $15.0 million, the Company must also maintain a minimum net income threshold based onnon-GAAP operating measures. Failure to comply with these covenants, or the occurrence of an event of default, could permit the Lenders under the Line of Creditto declare all amounts borrowed under the Line of Credit, together with accrued interest and fees, to be immediately due and payable. We were in compliance withall covenants under the Line of Credit as of December 31, 2016.On December 31, 2015, the Company entered into an equipment financing agreement with a lender (the “December 2015 Equipment Financing Agreement”)to finance the purchase of $604,000 in computer equipment. In February 2016, the Company drew down $604,000 under the December 2015 Equipment FinancingAgreement, and the liability was recorded at fair value using a market interest rate. The Company is repaying its obligation over a two year period through January2018, and the amount outstanding was $333,000 as of December 31, 2016.Net operating loss carryforwards.As of December 31, 2016, we had federal and state net operating losses of approximately $155.5 million and $57.4 million, respectively, which are availableto offset future taxable income, if any, through 2035. Included in the federal and state net operating losses are deductions attributable to excess tax benefits from theexercise of non-qualified stock options of $16.9 million and $10.2 million, respectively. The tax benefits attributable to these net operating losses are crediteddirectly to additional paid-in capital when realized. The Company has not realized any such tax benefits through December 31, 2016. We had federal and stateresearch and development tax credits of $5.4 million and $3.5 million, respectively, which expire in various amounts through 2035. Our net operating loss and taxcredit amounts are subject to annual limitations under Section 382 change of ownership rules of the U.S. Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended. Wecompleted an assessment 56Table of Contentsto determine whether there may have been a Section 382 ownership change and determined that it is more likely than not that our net operating and tax creditamounts as disclosed are not subject to any material Section 382 limitations.In assessing our ability to utilize our net deferred tax assets, we considered whether it is more likely than not that some portion or all of our net deferred taxassets will not be realized. Based upon the level of our historical U.S. losses and future projections over the period in which the net deferred tax assets aredeductible, at this time, we believe it is more likely than not that we will not realize the benefits of these deductible differences. Accordingly, we have provided avaluation allowance against our U.S. deferred tax assets as of December 31, 2016 and 2015.Based upon the level of historical income in Japan and future projections, we believe it is probable that we will realize the benefits of our future deductibledifferences. As such, we have not provided a valuation allowance against out net deferred tax assets as of December 31, 2016 and 2015.Contractual Obligations and CommitmentsOur principal commitments consist primarily of obligations under our leases for our office space and contractual commitments for capital leases andequipment financing as well as content delivery network services, hosting and other support services. Other than these lease obligations and contractualcommitments, we do not have commercial commitments under lines of credit, standby repurchase obligations or other such debt arrangements. The following tablesummarizes these contractual obligations at December 31, 2016: Payment Due by Period Total Less than1 Year 1 – 3 Years 3 – 5 Years More than5 Years Operating lease obligations $25,502 $6,006 $10,320 $8,147 $1,029 Capital lease obligations 739 508 231 — — Outstanding purchase obligations 27,814 9,876 17,938 — — Total $54,055 $16,390 $28,489 $8,147 $1,029 In January 2017, we entered into an agreement with a non-cancelable commitment, primarily for content delivery and network storage service, of $15.8million through December 31, 2018.Anticipated Cash FlowsWe expect to incur significant operating costs, particularly related to services delivery costs, sales and marketing and research and development, for theforeseeable future in order to execute our business plan. We anticipate that such operating costs, as well as planned capital expenditures will constitute a materialuse of our cash resources. As a result, our net cash flows will depend heavily on the level of future sales, changes in deferred revenue and our ability to manageinfrastructure costs.We believe our existing cash and cash equivalents will be sufficient to meet our working capital and capital expenditures for at least the next 12 months. Ourfuture working capital requirements will depend on many factors, including the rate of our revenue growth, our introduction of new products and enhancements,and our expansion of sales and marketing and product development activities. To the extent that our cash and cash equivalents, short and long-term investments andcash flow from operating activities are insufficient to fund our future activities, we may need to raise additional funds through bank credit arrangements or publicor private equity or debt financings. We also may need to raise additional funds in the event we determine in the future to acquire businesses, technologies andproducts that will complement our existing operations. In the event funding is required, we may not be able to obtain bank credit arrangements or equity or debtfinancing on terms acceptable to us or at all. 57Table of ContentsOff-Balance Sheet ArrangementsWe do not have any special purpose entities or off-balance sheet arrangements.Recent Accounting PronouncementsFor information on recent accounting pronouncements, see Recently Issued and Adopted Accounting Standards in the notes to the condensed consolidatedfinancial statements appearing elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. ITEM 7A.QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISKQuantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market RiskWe have operations both within the United States and internationally, and we are exposed to market risks in the ordinary course of our business. These risksinclude primarily foreign exchange risks, interest rate and inflation.Financial instrumentsFinancial instruments meeting fair value disclosure requirements consist of cash equivalents, accounts receivable and accounts payable. The fair value ofthese financial instruments approximates their carrying amount.Foreign currency exchange riskOur results of operations and cash flows are subject to fluctuations due to changes in foreign currency exchange rates, particularly changes in the euro,British pound, Australian dollar and Japanese yen. Except for revenue transactions in Japan, we enter into transactions directly with substantially all of our foreigncustomers.Percentage of revenues and expenses in foreign currency is as follows: Twelve Months Ended December 31, 2016 2015 Revenues generated in locations outside the United States 42% 40% Revenues in currencies other than the United States dollar (1) 28% 27% Expenses in currencies other than the United States dollar (1) 15% 14% (1)Percentage of revenues and expenses denominated in foreign currency for the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2015: Twelve Months Ended December 31, 2016 Revenues Expenses Euro 7% 2% British pound 7 6 Japanese Yen 10 4 Other 4 3 Total 28% 15% Twelve Months Ended December 31, 2015 Revenues Expenses Euro 7% 2% British pound 8 6 Japanese Yen 7 3 Other 5 3 Total 27% 14% 58Table of ContentsAs of December 31, 2016 and 2015, we had $5.6 million and $5.4 million, respectively, of receivables denominated in currencies other than the U.S. dollar.We also maintain cash accounts denominated in currencies other than the local currency, which exposes us to foreign exchange rate movements.In addition, although our foreign subsidiaries have intercompany accounts that are eliminated upon consolidation, these accounts expose us to foreigncurrency exchange rate fluctuations. Exchange rate fluctuations on short-term intercompany accounts are recorded in our consolidated statements of operationsunder “other income (expense), net”, while exchange rate fluctuations on long-term intercompany accounts are recorded in our consolidated balance sheets under“accumulated other comprehensive income” in stockholders’ equity, as they are considered part of our net investment and hence do not give rise to gains or losses.Currently, our largest foreign currency exposures are the euro and British pound, primarily because our European operations have a higher proportion of ourlocal currency denominated expenses. Relative to foreign currency exposures existing at December 31, 2016, a 10% unfavorable movement in foreign currencyexchange rates would expose us to significant losses in earnings or cash flows or significantly diminish the fair value of our foreign currency financial instruments.For the year ended December 31, 2016, we estimated that a 10% unfavorable movement in foreign currency exchange rates would have decreased revenues by$4.2 million, decreased expenses by $2.4 million and decreased operating income by $1.8 million. The estimates used assume that all currencies move in the samedirection at the same time and the ratio of non-U.S. dollar denominated revenue and expenses to U.S. dollar denominated revenue and expenses does not changefrom current levels. Since a portion of our revenue is deferred revenue that is recorded at different foreign currency exchange rates, the impact to revenue of achange in foreign currency exchange rates is recognized over time, and the impact to expenses is more immediate, as expenses are recognized at the current foreigncurrency exchange rate in effect at the time the expense is incurred. All of the potential changes noted above are based on sensitivity analyses performed on ourfinancial results as of December 31, 2016 and 2015.Interest rate riskWe had unrestricted cash and cash equivalents totaling $36.8 million at December 31, 2016. Cash and cash equivalents were invested primarily in moneymarket funds and are held for working capital purposes. We do not use derivative financial instruments in our investment portfolio. Declines in interest rates,however, would reduce future interest income. We incurred $63,000 and $96,000 of interest expense during the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2015,respectively, related to interest paid on capital leases and an equipment financing. While we continue to incur interest expense in connection with our capital leasesand equipment financing, the interest expense is fixed and not subject to changes in market interest rates. In the event that we borrow under our line of credit, whichbears interest at the prime rate or the LIBOR rate plus the LIBOR rate margin, the related interest expense recorded would be subject to changes in the rate ofinterest.Inflation riskWe do not believe that inflation has had a material effect on our business, financial condition or results of operations. If our costs were to become subject tosignificant inflationary pressures, we may not be able to fully offset such higher costs through price increases. Our inability or failure to do so could harm ourbusiness, financial condition and results of operations. 59Table of ContentsItem 8.Financial Statements and Supplementary DataBrightcove Inc.Index to Consolidated Financial Statements Page No. Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm F-1 Consolidated Balance Sheets as of December 31, 2016 and 2015 F-2 Consolidated Statements of Operations for the Years Ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014 F-3 Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Loss for the Years Ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014 F-4 Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity for the Years Ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014 F-5 Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the Years Ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014 F-6 Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements F-8 60Table of ContentsReport of Independent Registered Public Accounting FirmThe Board of Directors and Stockholders ofBrightcove Inc.We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Brightcove Inc. as of December 31, 2016 and 2015, and the related consolidated statements ofoperations, comprehensive loss, stockholders’ equity and cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2016. These financial statementsare the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these financial statements based on our audits.We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that weplan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement. An audit includes examining, ona test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. An audit also includes assessing the accounting principles used andsignificant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall financial statement presentation. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basisfor our opinion.In our opinion, the financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the consolidated financial position of Brightcove Inc. atDecember 31, 2016 and 2015, and the consolidated results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2016, inconformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles.We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States), Brightcove Inc.’s internal control overfinancial reporting as of December 31, 2016, based on criteria established in Internal Control-Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of SponsoringOrganizations of the Treadway Commission (2013 framework) and our report dated February 21, 2017 expressed an unqualified opinion thereon./s/ Ernst & Young LLPBoston, MassachusettsFebruary 21, 2017 F-1Table of ContentsBrightcove Inc.Consolidated Balance Sheets December 31, 2016 2015 (in thousands, except shareand per share data) Assets Current assets: Cash and cash equivalents $36,813 $27,637 Accounts receivable, net of allowance of $154 and $332 at December 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015, respectively 21,575 21,213 Prepaid expenses 3,729 3,320 Other current assets 2,168 1,259 Total current assets 64,285 53,429 Property and equipment, net 9,264 8,689 Intangible assets, net 10,970 13,786 Goodwill 50,776 50,776 Deferred tax asset 121 63 Restricted cash, net of current portion — 201 Other assets 1,008 724 Total assets $136,424 $127,668 Liabilities and stockholders’ equity Current liabilities: Accounts payable $5,327 $3,302 Accrued expenses 15,705 12,849 Capital lease liability 489 850 Equipment financing 307 — Deferred revenue 34,665 29,836 Total current liabilities 56,493 46,837 Deferred revenue, net of current portion 91 95 Other liabilities 1,644 2,601 Total liabilities 58,228 49,533 Commitments and contingencies (Note 6) Stockholders’ equity: Undesignated preferred stock, $0.001 par value; 5,000,000 shares authorized; no shares issued — — Common stock, $0.001 par value; 100,000,000 shares authorized; 34,143,148 and 32,810,631 shares issued atDecember 31, 2016 and 2015, respectively 34 33 Additional paid-in capital 230,788 220,458 Treasury stock, at cost; 135,000 shares (871) (871) Accumulated other comprehensive loss (1,172) (888) Accumulated deficit (150,583) (140,597) Total stockholders’ equity 78,196 78,135 Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity $136,424 $127,668 See accompanying notes. F-2Table of ContentsBrightcove Inc.Consolidated Statements of Operations Year Ended December 31, 2016 2015 2014 (in thousands, except per share data) Revenue: Subscription and support revenue $142,022 $131,010 $120,324 Professional services and other revenue 8,244 3,696 4,693 Total revenue 150,266 134,706 125,017 Cost of revenue: (1) (2) Cost of subscription and support revenue 48,011 41,735 38,015 Cost of professional services and other revenue 7,836 4,742 5,718 Total cost of revenue 55,847 46,477 43,733 Gross profit 94,419 88,229 81,284 Operating expenses: (1) (2) Research and development 30,171 29,302 28,252 Sales and marketing 54,038 45,795 46,014 General and administrative 19,167 19,862 19,136 Merger-related 21 201 3,075 Total operating expenses 103,397 95,160 96,477 Loss from operations (8,978) (6,931) (15,193) Other income (expense): Interest income 99 6 11 Interest expense (63) (96) (96) Other expense, net (634) (168) (1,355) Total other expense, net (598) (258) (1,440) Loss before income taxes (9,576) (7,189) (16,633) Provision for income taxes 410 391 260 Net loss $(9,986) $(7,580) $(16,893) Net loss per share — basic and diluted $(0.30) $(0.23) $(0.53) Weighted-average number of common shares used in computing net loss per share — basic and diluted 33,189 32,598 31,949 (1) Stock-based compensation included in above line items: Cost of subscription and support revenue $324 $181 $218 Cost of professional services and other revenue 217 181 141 Research and development 1,275 1,392 1,399 Sales and marketing 2,320 2,155 2,193 General and administrative 1,876 2,105 2,436 (2) Amortization of acquired intangible assets included in above line items: Cost of subscription and support revenue $2,031 $2,031 $1,946 Research and development 126 126 140 Sales and marketing 959 955 1,114 See accompanying notes. F-3Table of ContentsBrightcove Inc.Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Loss Year Ended December 31, 2016 2015 2014 (in thousands) Net loss $(9,986) $(7,580) $(16,893) Other comprehensive (loss) income: Foreign currency translation adjustments (284) (112) (323) Comprehensive loss $(10,270) $(7,692) $(17,216) See accompanying notes. F-4Table of ContentsBrightcove Inc.Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity(in thousands, except share data) AdditionalPaid-in Capital Accumulated Other ComprehensiveIncome AccumulatedDeficit Total Stockholders’Equity Common Stock Treasury Stock Shares Par Value Shares Value Balance at December 31, 2013 29,034,919 $29 $176,928 — $— $(453) $(116,124) $60,380 Issuance of common stock upon exercise of stock options 210,735 — 597 — — — — 597 Issuance of common stock pursuant to restricted stock units 328,353 — — — — — — — Issuance of common stock upon acquisition 2,850,547 3 30,612 — — — — 30,615 Stock-based compensation expense — — 6,387 — — — — 6,387 Foreign currency translation adjustment — — — — — (323) — (323) Net loss — — — — — — (16,893) (16,893) Balance at December 31, 2014 32,424,554 32 214,524 — — (776) (133,017) 80,763 Issuance of common stock upon exercise of stock options 58,449 — 129 — — — — 129 Issuance of common stock pursuant to restricted stock units 327,628 1 — — — — — 1 Return of common stock issued pursuant to settlementagreement — — (135,000) (871) — — (871) Withholding tax on restricted stock units vesting — — (209) — — — — (209) Stock-based compensation expense — — 6,014 — — — — 6,014 Foreign currency translation adjustment — — — — — (112) — (112) Net loss — — — — — — (7,580) (7,580) Balance at December 31, 2015 32,810,631 33 220,458 (135,000) (871) (888) (140,597) 78,135 Issuance of common stock upon exercise of stock options 886,085 1 4,554 — — — — 4,555 Issuance of common stock pursuant to restricted stock units 425,904 — — — — — — — Withholding tax on restricted stock units vesting — — (405) — — — — (405) Stock-based compensation expense — — 6,181 — — — — 6,181 Issuance of common stock upon net exercise of stock warrants 20,528 Foreign currency translation adjustment — — — — — (284) — (284) Net loss — — — — — — (9,986) (9,986) Balance at December 31, 2016 34,143,148 $34 $230,788 (135,000) $(871) $(1,172) $(150,583) $78,196 F-5Table of ContentsBrightcove Inc.Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows Year Ended December 31, 2016 2015 2014 (in thousands) Operating activities Net loss $(9,986) $(7,580) $(16,893) Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash provided by operating activities: Depreciation and amortization 7,796 8,687 8,587 Stock-based compensation 6,012 6,014 6,387 Deferred income taxes (47) (27) — Provision for reserves on accounts receivable 230 408 118 Amortization of premium on investments — — 1 Loss on disposal of equipment 155 68 86 Gain from settlement of escrow claim — (871) — Changes in assets and liabilities: Accounts receivable (559) (157) 409 Prepaid expenses and other current assets (894) 680 (199) Other assets (299) (256) 1,140 Accounts payable 733 1,751 (2,324) Accrued expenses 3,172 137 (1,902) Deferred revenue 4,764 227 6,075 Net cash provided by operating activities 11,077 9,081 1,485 Investing activities Cash paid for acquisition, net of cash acquired — — (9,100) Maturities of investments — — 3,060 Cash paid for purchase of intangible asset (300) — — Purchases of property and equipment, net of returns (Note 2) (1,307) (1,390) (3,518) Capitalized internal-use software costs (3,887) (1,456) (1,034) Decrease in restricted cash 201 — 121 Net cash used in investing activities (5,293) (2,846) (10,471) Financing activities Proceeds from exercise of stock options 4,555 129 597 Payments of withholding tax on RSU vesting (405) (209) — Proceeds from equipment financing 604 1,704 — Payments on equipment financing (Note 9) (271) (1,704) — Payments under capital lease obligation (850) (1,332) (1,399) Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities 3,633 (1,412) (802) Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents (241) (102) (343) Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents 9,176 4,721 (10,131) Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period 27,637 22,916 33,047 Cash and cash equivalents at end of period $36,813 $27,637 $22,916 F-6Table of ContentsBrightcove Inc.Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows — (Continued) Year Ended December 31, 2016 2015 2014 (in thousands) Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information Cash paid for income taxes $351 $263 $184 Cash paid for interest $63 $96 $96 Supplemental disclosure of non-cash operating activities Capitalization of stock-based compensation related to internal use software $169 $— $— Supplemental disclosure of non-cash investing and financing activities Unpaid internal-use software costs $20 $38 $6 Unpaid purchases of property and equipment $83 $1,177 $559 Supplemental disclosure of cash flow related to acquisitions In connection with the asset purchase agreement with Unicorn Media, Inc. on January 31, 2014, the following transactionsoccurred: Fair value of assets acquired $— $— $44,373 Liabilities assumed related to acquisition — — (4,645) Total purchase price — — 39,728 Less fair value of common stock issued in connection with acquisition — — (30,615) Less cash and cash equivalents — — (13) Cash paid for acquisition, net of cash acquired $— $— $9,100 See accompanying notes. F-7Table of ContentsBrightcove Inc.Notes to Consolidated Financial StatementsYears Ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014(in thousands, except share and per share data, unless otherwise noted)1. Business DescriptionBrightcove Inc. (the Company) is a leading global provider of cloud services for video which enable its customers to publish and distribute video to Internet-connected devices quickly, easily and in a cost-effective and high-quality manner.The Company is headquartered in Boston, Massachusetts and was incorporated in the state of Delaware on August 24, 2004. At December 31, 2016, theCompany had nine wholly-owned subsidiaries: Brightcove UK Ltd, Brightcove Singapore Pte. Ltd., Brightcove Korea, Brightcove Australia Pty Ltd, BrightcoveHoldings, Inc., Brightcove Kabushiki Kaisha (Brightcove KK), Zencoder Inc. (Zencoder), Brightcove FZ-LLC, and Cacti Acquisition LLC.2. Summary of Significant Accounting PoliciesThe accompanying consolidated financial statements reflect the application of certain significant accounting policies as described below and elsewhere inthese notes to the consolidated financial statements.The Company believes that a significant accounting policy is one that is both important to the portrayal of the Company’s financial condition and results, andrequires management’s most difficult, subjective, or complex judgments, often as the result of the need to make estimates about the effect of matters that areinherently uncertain.Basis of PresentationThe accompanying consolidated financial statements have been prepared in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States ofAmerica (GAAP). Any reference in these notes to applicable guidance is meant to refer to the authoritative United States generally accepted accounting principlesas found in the Accounting Standards Codification (ASC) and Accounting Standards Update (ASU) of the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB).Use of Estimates and UncertaintiesThe preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amountsof assets and liabilities, and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements, and the reported amounts expensed during thereporting period.Significant estimates relied upon in preparing these consolidated financial statements include revenue recognition and revenue reserves, allowances fordoubtful accounts, contingent liabilities, the expensing and capitalization of research and development costs for internal-use software, intangible asset valuations,amortization periods, expected future cash flows used to evaluate the recoverability of long-lived assets, the determination of the fair value of stock awards issued,stock-based compensation expense, and the recoverability of the Company’s net deferred tax assets and related valuation allowance.Although the Company regularly assesses these estimates, actual results could differ materially from these estimates. Changes in estimates are recorded inthe period in which they become known. The Company bases its estimates on historical experience and various other assumptions that it believes to be reasonableunder the F-8Table of Contentscircumstances. Actual results may differ from management’s estimates if these results differ from historical experience, or other assumptions do not turn out to besubstantially accurate, even if such assumptions are reasonable when made.The Company is subject to a number of risks and uncertainties common to companies in similar industries and stages of development including, but notlimited to, rapid technological changes, competition from substitute products and services from larger companies, customer concentration, management ofinternational activities, protection of proprietary rights, patent litigation, and dependence on key individuals.Principles of ConsolidationThe consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its wholly-owned subsidiaries. All significant intercompany balances andtransactions have been eliminated in consolidation.Subsequent Events ConsiderationsThe Company considers events or transactions that occur after the balance sheet date but prior to the issuance of the financial statements to provideadditional evidence for certain estimates or to identify matters that require additional disclosure. Subsequent events have been evaluated as required. The Companyhas evaluated all subsequent events and determined that there are no material recognized or unrecognized subsequent events.Foreign Currency TranslationThe reporting currency of the Company is the U.S. dollar. The functional currency of the Company’s foreign subsidiaries is the local currency of eachsubsidiary. All assets and liabilities in the balance sheets of entities whose functional currency is a currency other than the U.S. dollar are translated into U.S. dollarequivalents at exchange rates as follows: (1) asset and liability accounts at period-end rates, (2) income statement accounts at weighted-average exchange rates forthe period, and (3) stockholders’ equity accounts at historical exchange rates. The resulting translation adjustments are excluded from income (loss) and reflected asa separate component of stockholders’ equity. Foreign currency transaction gains and losses are included in net loss for the period. The Company may periodicallyhave certain intercompany foreign currency transactions that are deemed to be of a long-term investment nature; exchange adjustments related to those transactionsare made directly to a separate component of stockholders’ equity.Cash and Cash EquivalentsThe Company considers all highly liquid investments with an original maturity of three months or less at the date of purchase to be cash equivalents.Management determines the appropriate classification of investments at the time of purchase, and re-evaluates such determination at each balance sheet date. TheCompany did not have any short-term or long-term investments at December 31, 2016 or 2015.Cash and cash equivalents primarily consist of cash on deposit with banks and amounts held in interest-bearing money market accounts. Cash equivalents arecarried at cost, which approximates their fair market value. F-9Table of ContentsCash and cash equivalents as of December 31, 2016 and 2015 consist of the following: December 31, 2016 Description ContractedMaturity Amortized Cost Fair MarketValue Balance PerBalance Sheet Cash Demand $23,942 $23,942 $23,942 Money market funds Demand 12,871 12,871 12,871 Total cash and cash equivalents $36,813 $36,813 $36,813 December 31, 2015 Description ContractedMaturity Amortized Cost Fair MarketValue Balance PerBalance Sheet Cash Demand $18,057 $18,057 $18,057 Money market funds Demand 9,580 9,580 9,580 Total cash and cash equivalents $27,637 $27,637 $27,637 Restricted CashAt December 31, 2015, restricted cash was $201 and was held in certificates of deposit as collateral for letters of credit related to the contractual provisionsof the Company’s corporate credit cards. During 2016, the collateral for the letter of credit related to the contractual provisions of the Company’s corporate creditcards was released, which eliminated the restricted cash balance.Disclosure of Fair Value of Financial InstrumentsThe carrying amounts of the Company’s financial instruments, which include cash, cash equivalents, accounts receivable, accounts payable, accruedexpenses, capital lease liabilities and equipment financing, approximated their fair values at December 31, 2016 and 2015, due to the short-term nature of theseinstruments.The Company has evaluated the estimated fair value of financial instruments using available market information and management’s estimates. The use ofdifferent market assumptions and/or estimation methodologies could have a significant impact on the estimated fair value amounts. See Note 5 for furtherdiscussion.Revenue RecognitionThe Company primarily derives revenue from the sale of its online video platform, which enables its customers to publish and distribute video to Internet-connected devices quickly, easily and in a cost-effective and high-quality manner. Revenue is derived from three primary sources: (1) the subscription to itstechnology and related support; (2) hosting, bandwidth and encoding services; and (3) professional services, which include initiation, set-up and customizationservices.The Company recognizes revenue when all of the following conditions are satisfied: (1) there is persuasive evidence of an arrangement; (2) the service hasbeen provided to the customer; (3) the collection of fees is probable; and (4) the amount of fees to be paid by the customer is fixed or determinable.The Company’s subscription arrangements provide customers the right to access its hosted software applications. Customers do not have the right to takepossession of the Company’s software during the hosting arrangement. Accordingly, the Company recognizes revenue in accordance with ASC 605, RevenueRecognition . F-10Table of ContentsContracts for premium customers generally have a term of one year and are non-cancellable. These contracts generally provide the customer with a maximumannual level of usage, and provide the rate at which the customer must pay for actual usage above the annual allowable usage. For these services, the Companyrecognizes the annual fee ratably as revenue each month. Should a customer’s usage of the Company’s services exceed the annual allowable level, revenue isrecognized for such excess in the period of the usage. Contracts for volume customers are generally month-to-month arrangements, have a maximum monthly levelof usage and provide the rate at which the customer must pay for actual usage above the monthly allowable usage. The monthly volume subscription and supportand usage fees are recognized as revenue during the period in which the related cash is collected.Revenue recognition commences upon the later of when the application is placed in a production environment, or when all revenue recognition criteria havebeen met.Professional services and other revenue sold on a stand-alone basis are recognized as the services are performed, subject to any refund or other obligation.Deferred revenue includes amounts billed to customers for which revenue has not been recognized, and primarily consists of the unearned portion of annualsoftware subscription and support fees, and deferred professional service fees.Revenue is presented net of any taxes collected from customers.Multiple-Element ArrangementsThe Company periodically enters into multiple-element service arrangements that include platform subscription fees, support fees, and, in certain cases, otherprofessional services.The Company assesses arrangements with multiple deliverables under ASU No. 2009-13, Revenue Recognition (Topic 605), Multiple-Deliverable RevenueArrangements — a Consensus of the FASB Emerging Issues Task Force, which amended the previous multiple-element arrangements accounting guidance.Pursuant to ASU 2009-13, objective and reliable evidence of fair value of the undelivered elements is no longer required in order to account for deliverables in amultiple-element arrangement separately. Instead, arrangement consideration is allocated to deliverables based on their relative selling price. The guidance alsoeliminated the use of the residual method.In order to treat deliverables in a multiple-element arrangement as separate units of accounting, the deliverables must have stand-alone value upon delivery.If the deliverables have stand-alone value upon delivery, the Company accounts for each deliverable separately. Subscription services have stand-alone value assuch services are often sold separately. In determining whether professional services have stand-alone value, the Company considers the following factors for eachprofessional services agreement: availability of the services from other vendors, the nature of the professional services, the timing of when the professional servicescontract was signed in comparison to the subscription service start date, and the contractual dependence of the subscription service on the customer’s satisfactionwith the professional services work. To date, the Company has concluded that all of the professional services included in multiple-element arrangements executedhave stand-alone value.When multiple deliverables included in an arrangement are separated into different units of accounting, the arrangement consideration is allocated to theidentified separate units based on a relative selling price hierarchy. The Company determines the relative selling price for a deliverable based on its vendor-specificobjective evidence of fair value (VSOE), if available, or its best estimate of selling price (BESP), if VSOE is not available. The Company has determined that third-party evidence of selling price (TPE) is not a practical alternative due to differences in its service offerings compared to other parties and the availability of relevantthird-party pricing information. The amount of revenue allocated to delivered items is limited by contingent revenue, if any. F-11Table of ContentsThe Company has not established VSOE for its offerings due to the lack of pricing consistency, the introduction of new services and other factors.Accordingly, the Company uses its BESP to determine the relative selling price. The Company determines BESP by considering its overall pricing objectives andmarket conditions. Significant pricing practices taken into consideration include the Company’s discounting practices, the size and volume of the Company’stransactions, the geographic area where services are sold, price lists, historical contractually stated prices and prior relationships and future subscription servicesales with certain classes of customers.The determination of BESP is made through consultation with and approval by the Company’s management, taking into consideration thego-to-market strategy. As the Company’s go-to-market strategies evolve, the Company may modify its pricing practices in the future, which could result in changesin selling prices, including both VSOE and BESP. The Company analyzes the selling prices used in its allocation of arrangement consideration, at a minimum, onan annual basis. Selling prices are analyzed on a more frequent basis if a significant change in the Company’s business necessitates a more timely analysis or if theCompany experiences significant variances in its selling prices.Cost of RevenueCost of revenue primarily consists of costs related to supporting and hosting the Company’s product offerings and delivering professional services. Thesecosts include salaries, benefits, incentive compensation and stock-based compensation expense related to the management of the Company’s data centers, customersupport team and the Company’s professional services staff, in addition to third-party service provider costs such as data center and networking expenses, allocatedoverhead, amortization of capitalized internal-use software development costs and intangible assets and depreciation expense.Allowance for Doubtful AccountsThe Company offsets gross trade accounts receivable with an allowance for doubtful accounts. The allowance for doubtful accounts is the Company’s bestestimate of the amount of probable credit losses in the Company’s existing accounts receivable and is based upon historical loss patterns, the number of days thatbillings are past due, and an evaluation of the potential risk of loss associated with specific accounts. Account balances are charged against the allowance after allmeans of collection have been exhausted and the potential for recovery is considered remote. Provisions for allowances for doubtful accounts are recorded ingeneral and administrative expense.Below is a summary of the changes in the Company’s allowance for doubtful accounts for the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014: Balance atBeginningof Period Provision Write-offs Balance atEnd of Period Year ended December 31, 2016 $332 $230 $(408) $154 Year ended December 31, 2015 181 408 (257) 332 Year ended December 31, 2014 461 118 (398) 181 Off-Balance Sheet Risk and Concentration of Credit RiskThe Company has no significant off-balance sheet risk, such as foreign exchange contracts, option contracts, or other foreign hedging arrangements.Financial instruments that potentially expose the Company to concentrations of credit risk consist primarily of cash, cash equivalents and trade accounts receivable.The Company maintains its cash and cash equivalents principally with accredited financial institutions of high credit standing. Although the Company deposits itscash with multiple financial institutions, its deposits, at times, may exceed federally insured limits. The Company routinely assesses the creditworthiness of itscustomers. The F-12Table of ContentsCompany generally has not experienced any material losses related to receivables from individual customers, or groups of customers. The Company does notrequire collateral. Due to these factors, no additional credit risk beyond amounts provided for collection losses is believed by management to be probable in theCompany’s accounts receivable.For the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014, no individual customer accounted for more than 10% of total revenue.As of December 31, 2016 and 2015, no individual customer accounted for more than 10% of net accounts receivable.Concentration of Other RisksThe Company is dependent on certain content delivery network providers who provide digital media delivery functionality enabling the Company’son-demand application service to function as intended for the Company’s customers and ultimate end-users. The disruption of these services could have a materialadverse effect on the Company’s business, financial position, and results of operations.Software Development CostsCosts incurred to develop software applications used in the Company’s on-demand application services consist of (a) certain external direct costs of materialsand services incurred in developing or obtaining internal-use computer software, and (b) payroll and payroll-related costs for employees who are directly associatedwith, and who devote time to, the project. These costs generally consist of internal labor during configuration, coding, and testing activities. Research anddevelopment costs incurred during the preliminary project stage or costs incurred for data conversion activities, training, maintenance and general andadministrative or overhead costs are expensed as incurred. Capitalization begins when the preliminary project stage is complete, management, with the relevantauthority, authorizes and commits to the funding of the software project, it is probable the project will be completed, the software will be used to perform thefunctions intended and certain functional and quality standards have been met. Qualified costs incurred during the operating stage of the Company’s softwareapplications relating to upgrades and enhancements are capitalized to the extent it is probable that they will result in added functionality, while costs that cannot beseparated between maintenance of, and minor upgrades and enhancements to, internal-use software are expensed as incurred. These capitalized costs are amortizedon a straight-line basis over the expected useful life of the software, which is estimated to be three years. Capitalized internal-use software development costs areclassified as “Software” within “Property and Equipment, net” in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets.During the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014, the Company capitalized $4,038, $1,488 and $474, respectively, of internal-use softwaredevelopment costs. The Company recorded amortization expense associated with its capitalized internal-use software development costs of $690, $469 and $397for the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014, respectively.Property and EquipmentProperty and equipment are recorded at cost and depreciated over their estimated useful lives using the straight-line method. Leasehold improvements areamortized over the shorter of the lease term or the estimated useful life of the related asset. Upon retirement or sale, the cost of assets disposed of, and the relatedaccumulated depreciation, are removed from the accounts, and any resulting gain or loss is included in the determination of net income or loss in the period ofretirement. F-13Table of ContentsProperty and equipment consists of the following: Estimated Useful Life (in Years) December 31, 2016 2015 Computer equipment 3 $18,750 $20,459 Software 3 - 6 14,648 10,766 Furniture and fixtures 5 1,995 1,942 Leasehold improvements Shorter of lease term or the estimated useful life 1,202 1,059 36,595 34,226 Less accumulated depreciation and amortization 27,331 25,537 $9,264 $8,689 Depreciation and amortization expense, which includes amortization expense associated with capitalized internal-use software development costs, for theyears ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014 was $4,680, $5,575 and $5,387, respectively.Expenditures for maintenance and repairs are charged to expense as incurred, whereas major improvements are capitalized as additions to property andequipment.On December 31, 2015, the Company entered into an equipment financing agreement with a lender (the “December 2015 Equipment Financing Agreement”)to finance the purchase of $604 in computer equipment. In February 2016, the Company drew down $604 under the December 2015 Equipment FinancingAgreement. Refer to Note 9 for a discussion of the equipment financing.On December 31, 2016, the Company disposed of a cost value of $1.9 million in computer equipment in connection with the closure of certain facilities forthe purpose of consolidating its data centers. The Company recorded cost of revenue of $845, of which $695 represented the settlement amount due upon signing atermination agreement relating to the facilities and $150 represented a loss on disposal of assets in connection with the closure of the facilities.Long-Lived AssetsThe Company reviews long-lived assets and certain identifiable intangible assets for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate thatthe carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. During this review, the Company re-evaluates the significant assumptions used in determining the originalcost and estimated lives of long-lived assets. Although the assumptions may vary from asset to asset, they generally include operating results, changes in the use ofthe asset, cash flows, and other indicators of value. Management then determines whether the remaining useful life continues to be appropriate, or whether therehas been an impairment of long-lived assets based primarily upon whether expected future undiscounted cash flows are sufficient to support the assets’ recovery. Ifimpairment exists, the Company adjusts the carrying value of the asset to fair value, generally determined by a discounted cash flow analysis.For the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014, the Company has not identified any impairment of its long-lived assets.Business CombinationsThe Company records tangible and intangible assets acquired and liabilities assumed in business combinations under the purchase method of accounting.Amounts paid for each acquisition are allocated to the F-14Table of Contentsassets acquired and liabilities assumed based on their fair values at the date of acquisition. The Company then allocates the purchase price in excess of net tangibleassets acquired to identifiable intangible assets based on detailed valuations that use information and assumptions provided by management. Any excess purchaseprice over the fair value of the net tangible and intangible assets acquired and liabilities assumed is allocated to goodwill. If the fair value of the assets acquiredexceeds the purchase price, the excess is recognized as a gain.Significant management judgments and assumptions are required in determining the fair value of acquired assets and liabilities, particularly acquiredintangible assets. The valuation of purchased intangible assets is based upon estimates of the future performance and cash flows from the acquired business. Eachasset is measured at fair value from the perspective of a market participant.If different assumptions are used, it could materially impact the purchase price allocation and adversely affect our results of operations, financial conditionand cash flows.Intangible Assets and GoodwillIntangible assets that have finite lives are amortized over their estimated useful lives based on the pattern of consumption of the economic benefit or, if thatpattern cannot be readily determined, on a straight-line basis and are reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that thecarrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable, as discussed above.Goodwill is not amortized, but is evaluated for impairment annually, or whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value maynot be recoverable.In assessing the recoverability of goodwill, the Company must make assumptions regarding the estimated future cash flows, and other factors, to determinethe fair value of these assets. If these estimates or their related assumptions change in the future, the Company may be required to record impairment chargesagainst these assets in the reporting period in which the impairment is determined. The Company has determined, based on its organizational structure, that it hadone reporting unit as of December 31, 2016 and 2015.For goodwill, the impairment evaluation includes a comparison of the carrying value of the reporting unit to the fair value of the reporting unit. If thereporting unit’s estimated fair value exceeds the reporting unit’s carrying value, no impairment of goodwill exists. If the fair value of the reporting unit does notexceed its carrying value, then further analysis would be required to determine the amount of the impairment, if any.In accordance with ASU No. 2011-08, Intangibles — Goodwill and Other (Topic 350) Testing Goodwill for Impairment , the Company has the option toassess qualitative factors to determine whether the existence of events or circumstances leads to a determination that it is more likely than not that the fair value of areporting unit is less than its carrying amount to determine whether further impairment testing is necessary. Based on the results of the qualitative review ofgoodwill performed as of December 31, 2016 and 2015, the Company did not identify any indicators of impairment. As such, the two-phase process describedabove was not necessary.Comprehensive Income (Loss)Comprehensive income (loss) is defined as the change in equity of a business enterprise during a period from transactions, other events, and circumstancesfrom non-owner sources. Accumulated other comprehensive loss is presented separately on the consolidated balance sheets and consists entirely of cumulativeforeign translation adjustments as of December 31, 2016 and 2015.Net Loss per ShareThe Company calculates basic and diluted net loss per common share by dividing the net loss by the weighted-average number of common sharesoutstanding during the period. The Company has excluded (a) all F-15Table of Contentsunvested restricted shares that are subject to repurchase and (b) the Company’s other potentially dilutive shares, which include warrants to purchase common stockand outstanding common stock options and unvested restricted stock units, from the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding as their inclusion inthe computation for all periods would be anti-dilutive due to net losses incurred.The following potentially dilutive common shares have been excluded from the computation of dilutive net loss per share as of December 31, 2016, 2015and 2014, as their effect would have been antidilutive: Year Ended December 31, 2016 2015 2014 Options outstanding 4,291 4,139 3,805 Restricted stock units outstanding 1,668 1,043 990 Warrants 19 28 28 Income TaxesThe Company accounts for income taxes in accordance with the asset and liability method. Under this method, deferred tax assets and liabilities arerecognized based on temporary differences between the financial reporting and income tax bases of assets and liabilities using statutory rates. In addition, thismethod requires a valuation allowance against net deferred tax assets if, based upon the available evidence, it is more likely than not that some or all of the deferredtax assets will not be realized.The Company accounts for uncertain tax positions recognized in the consolidated financial statements by prescribing a more-likely-than-not threshold forfinancial statement recognition and measurement of a tax position taken or expected to be taken in a tax return. Interest and penalties, if applicable, related touncertain tax positions would be recognized as a component of income tax expense. The Company has no recorded liabilities for uncertain tax positions as ofDecember 31, 2016 or 2015.Stock-Based CompensationAt December 31, 2016, the Company had four stock-based compensation plans, which are more fully described in Note 7.For stock options issued under the Company’s stock-based compensation plans, the fair value of each option grant is estimated on the date of grant, and anestimated forfeiture rate is used when calculating stock-based compensation expense for the period. For service-based options, the Company recognizescompensation expense on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period of the award. For restricted stock units issued under the Company’s stock-basedcompensation plans, the fair value of each grant is calculated based on the Company’s stock price on the date of grant.The fair value of each option grant issued under the Company’s stock-based compensation plans was estimated using the Black-Scholes option-pricingmodel. Prior to 2015, as there was no public market for its common stock prior to February 17, 2012, the effective date of the Company’s IPO, and as the tradinghistory of the Company’s common stock was limited through December 31, 2014, the Company determined the volatility for options granted based on an analysisof reported data for a peer group of companies that issued options with substantially similar terms. The expected volatility of options granted had been determinedusing a weighted average of the historical volatility measures of this peer group of companies. Beginning in 2015, as there was at least three years of trading historyof the Company’s common stock, the expected volatility of options granted has been determined using a weighted-average of the historical volatility measures ofthis peer group of companies as well as the historical volatility of the Company’s own common stock. The expected life of options has been determined utilizingthe “simplified method”. The simplified method is based on the average of the vesting tranches and the contractual life of each grant. The risk-free interest rate isbased on a treasury instrument F-16Table of Contentswhose term is consistent with the expected life of the stock options. The Company has not paid, and does not anticipate paying, cash dividends on its commonstock; therefore, the expected dividend yield is assumed to be zero. In addition, based on an analysis of the historical actual forfeitures, the Company applied anestimated forfeiture rate of approximately 17% for each of the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014 in determining the expense recorded in theaccompanying consolidated statements of operations.The weighted-average fair value of options granted during the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014, was $4.01, $3.10 and $4.21 per share,respectively. The weighted-average assumptions utilized to determine such values are presented in the following table: Year Ended December 31, 2016 2015 2014 Risk-free interest rate 1.75% 1.96% 2.16% Expected volatility 45% 46% 52% Expected life (in years) 6.2 6.2 6.2 Expected dividend yield — — — As of December 31, 2016, there was $13,327 of total unrecognized stock-based compensation expense related to stock based awards that is expected to berecognized over a weighted-average period of 2.48 years. The total unrecognized stock-based compensation expense will be adjusted for future changes inestimated forfeitures.The Company accounts for transactions in which services are received from non-employees in exchange for equity instruments based on the fair value ofsuch services received, or of the equity instruments issued, whichever is more reliably measured. The Company determines the total stock-based compensationexpense related to non-employee awards using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model. Additionally, in accordance with ASC 505, Equity-Based Payments toNon-Employees, the Company accounts for awards to non-employees prospectively, such that the fair value of the awards is remeasured at each reporting date untilthe earlier of (a) the performance commitment date or (b) the date the services required under the arrangement have been completed.For the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014, stock-based compensation expense for stock options granted to non-employees in the accompanyingconsolidated statements of operations was not material.For the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014, total stock-based compensation expense was $6,012, $6,014 and $6,387, respectively.See Note 7 for a summary of the stock option and restricted stock activity under the Company’s stock-based compensation plans for the year endedDecember 31, 2016.Advertising CostsAdvertising costs are charged to operations as incurred. The Company incurred advertising costs of $2,137, $2,081 and $3,515 for the years endedDecember 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014, respectively.Recent Accounting PronouncementsIn May 2014, the FASB issued ASU No. 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606) (“ASU 2014-09”), which modifies how all entitiesrecognize revenue, and consolidates into one ASC Topic (ASC Topic 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers ) the current guidance found in ASC Topic 605, and various other revenue accounting standards for specialized transactions and industries. ASU 2014-09 outlines a comprehensive five-step revenue recognitionmodel based on the principle that an entity should recognize F-17Table of Contentsrevenue to depict the transfer of promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the entity expects to be entitled inexchange for those goods or services. ASU 2014-09 may be applied using either a full retrospective approach, under which all years included in the financialstatements will be presented under the revised guidance, or a modified retrospective approach, under which financial statements will be prepared under the revisedguidance for the year of adoption, but not for prior years. Under the latter method, entities will recognize a cumulative catch-up adjustment to the opening balanceof retained earnings at the effective date for contracts that still require performance by the entity at the date of adoption.In August 2015, the FASB issued ASU 2015-14, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606): Deferral of Effective Date , which defers the effectivedate of ASU 2014-09 by one year. ASU 2014-09 is now effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2017, including interim periods withinthose annual reporting periods. The Company has developed an implementation plan to adopt this new guidance. As part of this plan, the Company is currentlyassessing the impact of the new guidance on its results of operations. Based on the Company’s procedures performed to date, nothing has come to its attention thatwould indicate that the adoption of ASU 2014-09 will have a material impact on its revenue recognition on cloud offerings, however, further analysis is requiredand the Company will continue to evaluate this assessment in 2017. While the Company is still evaluating the impact that this guidance will have on its financialstatements and related disclosures, the Company’s preliminary assessment is that there will be an impact relating to the accounting for costs to acquire a contract.Under the standard, the Company will be required to capitalize certain costs, primarily commission expense to sales representatives, on its consolidated balancesheet and amortize such costs over the period of performance for the underlying customer contracts. The Company is still evaluating the impact of capitalizingcosts to execute a contract.The Company intends to adopt ASU 2014-09 on January 1, 2018. The Company currently expects to apply the modified retrospective method of adoption;however, it has not yet finalized its transition method, but expects to do so in 2017 upon completion of further analysis.In March 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-09, Compensation—Stock Compensation (Topic 718): Improvements to Employee Share-Based PaymentAccounting . ASU 2016-09 identifies areas for simplification involving several aspects of accounting for share based payments, including income taxconsequences, classification of awards as either equity or liabilities, an option to make a policy election to recognize gross share based compensation expense withactual forfeitures recognized as they occur as well as certain classification changes on the statement of cash flows. This guidance is effective for annual and interimreporting periods beginning after December 15, 2016, with early adoption permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the impact that adopting ASU 2016-09will have on its consolidated financial statements and related disclosures. The Company does not believe that the impact of recording actual forfeitures as theyoccur, rather than estimating forfeitures by applying a forfeiture rate, will result in a significant impact to accumulated deficit upon recording the cumulative effectadjustment.In February 2016 the FASB issued ASU 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842), Amendments to the FASB Accounting Standards Codification , which replaces theexisting guidance for leases. ASU 2016-02 requires the identification of arrangements that should be accounted for as leases by lessees. In general, leasearrangements exceeding a twelve month term must now be recognized as assets and liabilities on the balance sheet of the lessee. Under ASU 2016-02, aright-of-use asset and lease obligation will be recorded for all leases, whether operating or financing, while the income statement will reflect lease expense foroperating leases and amortization/interest expense for financing leases. The balance sheet amount recorded for existing leases at the date of adoption of ASU2016-02 must be calculated using the applicable incremental borrowing rate at the date of adoption. In addition, ASU 2016-02 requires the use of the modifiedretrospective method, which will require adjustment to all comparative periods presented in the consolidated financial statements. This guidance is effective forannual and interim periods beginning after December 15, 2018 and requires retrospective application. The Company is currently assessing the impact that adoptingASU 2016-02 will have on its consolidated financial statements and related disclosures. F-18Table of Contents3. Business CombinationsUnicorn Media, Inc.On January 31, 2014, the Company acquired substantially all of the assets of Unicorn Media, Inc. and certain of its subsidiaries, or Unicorn, a provider ofcloud video ad insertion technology, for total consideration of approximately $39.7 million, which was funded by cash on hand of $9.1 million and the issuance of2,850,547 shares of common stock (the Acquisition). This transaction was accounted for under the purchase method of accounting in accordance with ASC 805 —Business Combinations . Accordingly, the results of operations of Unicorn have been included in the Company’s consolidated financial statements since the date ofacquisition. All of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed in the transaction have been recognized at their acquisition date fair values, which were finalized atDecember 31, 2014. The Acquisition did not result in the addition of any reportable segments.Pursuant to the asset purchase agreement, 1,285,715 shares were placed into an escrow account to settle certain claims for indemnification for breaches orinaccuracies in Unicorn’s representations and warranties, covenants and agreements. Prior to the expiration of the indemnity period, the Company posted claimsagainst the escrow account related to liabilities discovered after the date of the acquisition and related matters. In December 2015, the Company entered into asettlement agreement with the Securityholders’ Representative, on behalf of the former stockholders of Unicorn Media, Inc., and received 135,000 shares inexchange for settling the escrow matters and releasing the counterparty from all future liabilities relating to the claims. The Company accounted for the settlementof shares as treasury stock and recorded a corresponding gain of $871 to other expense, net in the consolidated statement of operations.4. Intangible Assets and GoodwillOn March 10, 2016, the Company purchased an intangible asset for $300 plus a contingent amount of up to an additional $250 to be determined on the 90 th day following the closing date. In June 2016, it was determined that no additional consideration was to be provided in connection with the intangible assetpurchase. The useful life of the intangible asset was determined to be three years. As of December 31, 2016, the net carrying value of the intangible asset was $219.Finite-lived intangible assets consist of the following as of December 31, 2016. Description Weighted Average Estimated Useful Life(in years) Gross CarryingValue AccumulatedAmortization Net CarryingValue Developed technology 7 $14,223 $7,400 $6,823 Customer relationships 11 6,257 2,147 4,110 Non-compete agreements 3 1,912 1,875 37 Tradename 3 368 368 — Total $22,760 $11,790 $10,970 F-19Table of ContentsFinite-lived intangible assets consist of the following as of December 31, 2015: Description Weighted Average Estimated Useful Life(in years) Gross CarryingValue AccumulatedAmortization Net CarryingValue Developed technology 7 $14,223 $5,369 $8,854 Customer relationships 12 5,957 1,500 4,457 Non-compete agreements 3 1,912 1,437 475 Tradename 3 368 368 — Total $22,460 $8,674 $13,786 Amortization expense related to intangible assets for the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014 was $3,116, $3,112 and $3,200, respectively.The estimated remaining amortization expense for each of the five succeeding years and thereafter is as follows: Year Ending December 31, Amount 2017 $2,733 2018 2,317 2019 1,604 2020 1,585 2021 1,327 2022 and thereafter 1,404 Total $10,970 The carrying amount of goodwill was $50,776 as of December 31, 2016 and 2015.5. Fair Value MeasurementsASC 820, Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures , establishes a three-level valuation hierarchy for instruments measured at fair value that distinguishesbetween assumptions based on market data (observable inputs) and the Company’s own assumptions (unobservable inputs). Observable inputs are inputs thatmarket participants would use in pricing the asset or liability based on market data obtained from sources independent of the Company. Unobservable inputs areinputs that reflect the Company’s assumptions about the inputs that market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability, and are developed based on thebest information available in the circumstances.ASC 820 identifies fair value as an exit price, representing the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderlytransaction between market participants based on the highest and best use of the asset or liability. As such, fair value is a market-based measurement that should bedetermined based on assumptions that market participants would use in pricing an asset or liability. The Company uses valuation techniques to measure fair valuethat maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs. These inputs are prioritized as follows: • Level 1: Observable inputs, such as quoted prices for identical assets or liabilities in active markets; • Level 2: Inputs, other than the quoted prices in active markets, that are observable either directly or indirectly, such as quoted prices for similar assetsor liabilities, or market-corroborated inputs; and F-20Table of Contents • Level 3: Unobservable inputs for which there is little or no market data which require the reporting entity to develop its own assumptions about howmarket participants would price the assets or liabilities.The valuation techniques that may be used to measure fair value are as follows:A. Market approach — Uses prices and other relevant information generated by market transactions involving identical or comparable assets or liabilities.B. Income approach — Uses valuation techniques to convert future amounts to a single present amount based on current market expectations about thosefuture amounts, including present value techniques, option-pricing models, and excess earnings method.C. Cost approach — Based on the amount that currently would be required to replace the service capacity of an asset (replacement cost).The following tables set forth the Company’s financial instruments carried at fair value using the lowest level of input as of December 31, 2016 and 2015: December 31, 2016 Quoted Prices in Active Markets forIdentical Items (Level 1) Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2) Significant UnobservableInputs (Level 3) Total Assets: Money market funds $12,871 $— $— $12,871 Total assets $12,871 $— $— $12,871 December 31, 2015 Quoted Prices in Active Markets forIdentical Items (Level 1) Significant OtherObservable Inputs (Level 2) Significant UnobservableInputs (Level 3) Total Assets: Money market funds $9,580 $— $— $9,580 Restricted cash — 201 — 201 Total assets $9,580 $201 $— $9,781 Realized gains and losses from sales of the Company’s investments are included in “Other expense, net”.The Company measures eligible assets and liabilities at fair value, with changes in value recognized in earnings. Fair value treatment may be elected eitherupon initial recognition of an eligible asset or liability or, for an existing asset or liability, if an event triggers a new basis of accounting. The Company did not electto remeasure any of its existing financial assets or liabilities, and did not elect the fair value option for any financial assets and liabilities transacted in the yearsended December 31, 2016 or 2015. F-21Table of Contents6. Commitments and ContingenciesOperating Lease CommitmentsThe Company leases its facilities under non-cancelable operating leases. These operating leases expire at various dates through April 2022. Future minimumrental commitments under operating leases at December 31, 2016 are as follows: Year Ending December 31, Operating Lease Commitments 2017 $6,006 2018 5,337 2019 4,983 2020 4,179 2021 3,968 2022 and thereafter 1,029 $25,502 Certain amounts included in the table above relating to co-location leases for the Company’s servers include usage based charges in addition to base rent.The Company’s primary office lease has the option to renew the lease for two successive periods of five years each. In connection with the office lease, theCompany entered into a letter of credit in the amount of $2,404.Certain of the Company’s operating leases include escalating payment amounts and lease incentives. The Company is recognizing the related rent expenseon a straight-line basis over the term of the lease. The lease incentives are considered an inseparable part of the lease agreement, and are recognized as a reductionof rent expense on a straight-line basis over the term of the lease. As of December 31, 2016 and 2015, the Company had deferred rent and rent incentives of $1,579and $1,653, respectively, of which $1,320 and $1,565, respectively, is classified as a long-term liability in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets. Rentexpense for the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014 was $6,334, $6,831 and $6,280, respectively. Income from sublease rental activity amounted to$219, $185 and $0, respectively, for the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014.In addition to the operating obligations noted in the table above, as of December 31, 2016, the Company recorded cost of revenue of $845 of which $695represented the settlement amount due upon signing a termination agreement relating to the facilities and $150 represented a loss on disposal of assets inconnection with the closure of the facilities for the purpose of consolidating data centers.Capital Lease CommitmentsThe Company leases certain computer equipment and support under non-cancelable capital leases. The lease arrangements expire at various dates throughSeptember 2018. Future minimum rental commitments under capital leases at December 31, 2016 are as follows: Year Ending December 31, Capital LeaseCommitments 2017 $508 2018 231 Less – interest on capital leases 21 $718 F-22Table of ContentsAt December 31, 2016, total assets under capital leases were $1.2 million and related accumulated amortization was $557,000.In addition to the operating lease and capital lease commitments discussed above, as of December 31, 2016, the Company had non-cancelable commitmentsof $9,876, $10,996 and $6,942 payable in 2017, 2018 and 2019, respectively, primarily for content delivery network services, hosting and other support services. InJanuary 2017, the Company entered into an agreement with a non-cancelable commitment, primarily for content delivery and network storage service, of$15.8 million through December 31, 2018.Legal MattersThe Company, from time to time, is party to litigation arising in the ordinary course of business. Management does not believe that the outcome of theseclaims will have a material adverse effect on the consolidated financial position, results of operations or cash flows of the Company based on the status ofproceedings at this time.On July 8, 2016, a complaint was filed by Brand Technologies, Inc. naming the Company, along with several others, as a defendant in a case allegingcopyright infringement, violations of the Lanham Act, unfair competition and related claims (Brand Technologies, Inc. v. Cox Enterprises, Inc., et al., United StatesDistrict Court for the Central District of California). The complaint alleges that Cox Media Group (CMG) engaged in the unlicensed provision of copyrightedvideos, acquired from AOL and owned by the plaintiff, on CMG websites by using a Brightcove technology. The complaint seeks actual and statutory damages,costs and injunctive relief. Brightcove is being indemnified in this matter. The Company cannot yet determine whether it is probable that a loss will be incurred inconnection with this complaint, nor can the Company reasonably estimate the potential loss, if any.On July 30, 2016, a complaint was filed by Autumn Cloud LLC naming the Company as a defendant in a patent infringement case (Autumn Cloud LLC v.Brightcove Inc., United States District Court for the Eastern District of Texas). The complaint alleged that Brightcove infringed U.S. Patent 7,606,843 with an issuedate of October 20, 2009, entitled “System and Method for Customizing the Storage and Management of Device Data in a Networked Environment,” and U.S.Patent 8,239,347 with an issue date of August 7, 2012, entitled “System and Method for Customizing the Storage and Management of Device Data in a NetworkedEnvironment.” The complaint sought monetary damages and declarations of infringement. Brightcove acquired a license to the patents-in-suit via a third-party andas a result the complaint has been dismissed with prejudice. Brightcove did not incur any loss in this matter.Guarantees and Indemnification ObligationsThe Company typically enters into indemnification agreements in the ordinary course of business. Pursuant to these agreements, the Company indemnifiesand agrees to reimburse the indemnified party for losses and costs incurred by the indemnified party, generally the Company’s customers, in connection withpatent, copyright, trade secret, or other intellectual property or personal right infringement claim by third parties with respect to the Company’s technology. Theterm of these indemnification agreements is generally perpetual after execution of the agreement. Based on when customers first subscribe for the Company’sservice, the maximum potential amount of future payments the Company could be required to make under certain of these indemnification agreements is unlimited,however, more recently the Company has typically limited the maximum potential value of such potential future payments in relation to the value of the contract.Based on historical experience and information known as of December 31, 2016, the Company has not incurred any costs for the above guarantees and indemnities.The Company has received requests for indemnification from customers in connection with patent infringement suits brought against the customer by a third party.To date, the Company has not agreed that the requested indemnification is required by the Company’s contract with any such customer.In certain circumstances, the Company warrants that its products and services will perform in all material respects in accordance with its standard publishedspecification documentation in effect at the time of delivery of F-23Table of Contentsthe licensed products and services to the customer for the warranty period of the product or service. To date, the Company has not incurred significant expenseunder its warranties and, as a result, the Company believes the estimated fair value of these agreements is immaterial.7. Stockholders’ EquityCommon StockCommon stockholders are entitled to one vote per share. Holders of common stock are entitled to receive dividends, when and if declared by the Board.Treasury StockThe Company has recorded 135,000 shares as treasury stock as of December 31, 2016 and 2015 with a cost of $871. See Note 3 for additional information.Equity Incentive PlansAt December 31, 2016, the Company had four stock-based compensation plans, the Amended and Restated 2004 Stock Option and Incentive Plan (the 2004Plan), the 2012 Stock Incentive Plan (the 2012 Plan), the Brightcove Inc. 2012 RSU Inducement Plan (the RSU Plan), and the Brightcove Inc. 2014 Stock OptionInducement Plan (the 2014 Stock Inducement Plan).The 2004 Plan provided for the issuance of incentive and non-qualified stock options, restricted stock, and other equity awards to the Company’s employees,officers, directors, consultants and advisors, up to an aggregate of 7,397,843 shares of the Company’s common stock. The Company also established a UKSub-Plan of the 2004 Plan under which the Company was permitted to make grants of options to employees subject to tax in the United Kingdom. In conjunctionwith the effectiveness of the 2012 Plan, the Board voted that no further stock options or other equity-based awards may be granted under the 2004 Plan.In 2012, the Board and stockholders adopted the 2012 Plan, which became effective on February 16, 2012. The 2012 Plan provides for the issuance ofincentive and non-qualified stock options, restricted stock and other stock-based awards to the Company’s officers, employees, non-employee directors and certainother key persons of the Company as are selected by the Board or the compensation committee thereof. In connection with the approval of the 2012 Plan, theCompany reserved 1,700,000 shares of common stock for issuance under the 2012 Plan, and 124,703 shares were transferred from the 2004 Plan. The number ofshares reserved and available for issuance under the 2012 Plan automatically increases each January 1, beginning in 2013, by 4% of the outstanding number ofshares of the Company’s common stock on the immediately preceding December 31 or such lesser number of shares as determined by the Company’scompensation committee subject to an overall overhang limit of 30%. This number is subject to adjustment in the event of a stock split, stock dividend or otherchange in the Company’s capitalization.In 2012, the Company adopted the RSU Plan and made awards of restricted stock units pursuant to the RSU Plan to 15 new employees in connection withthe acquisition of Zencoder. The awards of restricted stock units cover an aggregate of 77,100 shares of the Company’s common stock and were made as a materialinducement to the employees entering into employment with the Company in connection with the acquisition of Zencoder. The restricted stock units were settled inshares of the Company’s common stock upon vesting.In 2014, the Company adopted the 2014 Stock Inducement Plan and made awards of options pursuant to the 2014 Stock Inducement Plan to 61 newemployees in connection with the asset purchase agreement. The awards of options cover an aggregate of 578,350 shares of the Company’s common stock in theform of options to purchase shares of the Company’s common stock as an inducement to the employees entering into employment with the Company in connectionwith the asset purchase agreement. F-24Table of ContentsAt December 31, 2016, 945,238 shares were available for issuance under all stock-based compensation plans.The following is a summary of the stock option activity for all stock option plans during the year ended December 31, 2016: Number of Shares Weighted-Average Exercise Price Weighted-Average Remaining Contractual Term (In Years) AggregateIntrinsic Value (2) Outstanding at December 31, 2015 4,622,886 $6.63 Granted 816,902 8.83 Exercised (886,085) 5.14 $5,159 Cancelled (403,119) 8.84 Outstanding at December 31, 2016 4,150,584 $7.17 7.14 $7,107 Exercisable at December 31, 2016 1,923,596 $6.49 5.37 $4,867 Vested or expected to vest at December 31, 2016 (1) 3,612,724 $7.08 6.87 $6,577 (1)This represents the number of vested options as of December 31, 2016 plus the number of unvested options expected to vest as of December 31, 2016, basedon the unvested options outstanding at December 31, 2016 and adjusted for the estimated forfeiture rate.(2)The aggregate intrinsic value was calculated based on the positive difference between the estimated fair value of the Company’s common stock onDecember 31, 2016 of $8.05 per share, or the date of exercise, as appropriate, and the exercise price of the underlying options.The aggregate intrinsic value for options exercised during the years ended December 31, 2015 and 2014 was $281 and $1,499, respectively.The Company has entered into restricted stock unit (RSU) agreements with certain of its employees pursuant to the 2012 Plan and the RSU Plan. Vestingoccurs periodically at specified time intervals, ranging from three months to four years, and in specified percentages. Upon vesting, the holder will receive oneshare of the Company’s common stock for each unit vested.The following table summarizes the RSU activity during the year ended December 31, 2016: Shares WeightedAverage Grant Date FairValue Unvested by December 31, 2015 1,503,814 $6.69 Granted 1,061,958 9.77 Vested and issued (425,898) 7.35 Cancelled (237,297) 7.59 Unvested by December 31, 2016 1,902,577 $7.84 WarrantsIn September 2006, the Company issued fully vested warrants to purchase an aggregate of 46,713 shares of Series B Preferred Stock, at a purchase price of$3.21 per share, to two lenders in connection with a line of credit agreement. The warrants were exercisable at any time up until the expiration date of August 31,2016. The fair value of the warrants was recorded as a discount on the related debt, and was amortized to interest expense over the life of the debt. The debt wasfully repaid in March 2007. The warrant liability was reported at fair value until F-25Table of Contentscompletion of the Company’s IPO in February 2012, whereupon the warrants automatically converted into warrants to purchase shares of the Company’s commonstock. At the time of conversion of the warrants in connection with the Company’s IPO, the fair value of the warrants was $395, which was reclassified as acomponent of additional paid-in capital.During 2012, 18,685 shares exercisable under the warrants were exercised pursuant to a net exercise provision, which resulted in the issuance of 15,781common shares. In August 2016, the remaining 28,028 shares exercisable under the warrants were exercised pursuant to a net exercise provision, which resulted inthe issuance of 20,528 common shares.Common Stock Reserved for Future IssuanceAt December 31, 2016, the Company has reserved the following shares of common stock for future issuance: December 31,2016 Common stock options outstanding 4,150,584 Restricted stock unit awards outstanding 1,902,577 Shares available for issuance under all stock-based compensation plans 945,238 Total shares of authorized common stock reserved for future issuance 6,998,399 8. Income TaxesLoss before the provision for income taxes consists of the following: Year Ended December 31, 2016 2015 2014 Domestic $(10,756) $(8,028) $(17,492) Foreign 1,180 839 859 Total $(9,576) $(7,189) $(16,633) The provision for income taxes in the accompanying consolidated financial statements consists of the following: Year Ended December 31, 2016 2015 2014 Current provision: Federal $— $— $— State 33 29 41 Foreign 424 389 219 Total current 457 418 260 Deferred (benefit): Federal — — — State — — — Foreign (47) (27) — Total deferred (47) (27) — Total provision $410 $391 $260 F-26Table of ContentsA reconciliation of the U.S. federal statutory rate to the Company’s effective tax rate is as follows: Year Ended December 31, 2016 2015 2014 Tax at statutory rates (34.0)% (34.0)% (34.0)% State income taxes (6.1) 3.4 (2.0) Change in tax rate 0.1 3.0 (1.6) Permanent differences 11.7 34.7 16.2 Foreign rate differential (1.1) (1.2) (0.4) Research and development credits (6.7) (9.6) (7.9) Change in valuation allowance 40.8 7.7 31.2 Other, net (0.3) 1.4 0.1 Effective tax rate 4.3% 5.4% 1.6% The approximate income tax effect of each type of temporary difference and carryforward as of December 31, 2016 and 2015 is as follows: As of December 31, 2016 2015 Net operating loss carry-forwards $45,850 $42,666 Tax credit carry-forwards 7,654 6,646 Stock-based compensation 2,236 2,283 Intangible assets (5,962) (5,799) Fixed assets 154 49 Account receivable reserves 219 1,071 Accrued compensation 2,232 1,422 Capitalized start-up costs 279 346 Other temporary differences 761 777 Deferred tax assets 53,423 49,461 Valuation allowance (53,302) (49,398) Net deferred tax assets $121 $63 The Company is required to compute income tax expense in each jurisdiction in which it operates. This process requires the Company to project its currenttax liability and estimate its deferred tax assets and liabilities, including net operating loss (NOL) and tax credit carry-forwards. In assessing the ability to realizethe net deferred tax assets, management considers whether it is more likely than not that some portion or all of the net deferred tax assets will not be realized.The Company has provided a valuation allowance against its remaining U.S. net deferred tax assets as of December 31, 2016 and 2015, as based upon thelevel of historical U.S. losses and future projections over the period in which the net deferred tax assets are deductible, at this time, management believes it is morelikely than not that the Company will not realize the benefits of these deductible differences. The increase in the valuation allowance from 2015 to 2016 of$3.9 million principally relates to the current year taxable loss.Based upon the level of historical income in Japan and future projections, the Company believes it is probable it will realize the benefits of its futuredeductible differences. As such, the Company has not recorded a valuation allowance against its net deferred tax assets in Japan as of December 31, 2016 and 2015.As of December 31, 2016, the Company had federal and state net operating losses of approximately $155.5 million and $57.4 million, respectively, whichare available to offset future taxable income, if any, F-27Table of Contentsthrough 2035. Included in the federal and state net operating losses are deductions attributable to excess tax benefits from the exercise of non-qualified stockoptions of $16.9 million and $10.2 million, respectively. The Company also had federal and state research and development tax credits of $5.4 million and$3.5 million, respectively, which expire in various amounts through 2035. The net operating loss and tax credit amounts are subject to annual limitations underSection 382 change of ownership rules under the U.S. Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended. Through June 30, 2014, the Company completed an assessmentto determine whether there may have been a Section 382 ownership change and determined that it is more-likely-than-not that the Company’s net operating and taxcredit amounts as disclosed are not subject to any material Section 382 limitations.On January 1, 2009, the Company adopted the provision for uncertain tax positions under ASC 740, Income Taxes . The adoption did not have an impact onthe Company’s retained earnings balance. At December 31, 2016 and 2015, the Company had no recorded liabilities for uncertain tax positions.At December 31, 2016 and 2015, the Company had no accrued interest or penalties related to uncertain tax positions.The Company files income tax returns in the U.S. federal tax jurisdiction, various state and various foreign jurisdictions. The Company is currently open toexamination under the statute of limitations by the Internal Revenue Service and state jurisdictions for the tax years ended 2012 through 2016. Since the Companyis in a U.S. loss carryforward position, carryforward tax attributes generated in prior years may still be adjusted upon future examination if they have or will beused in a future period. Additionally, certain non-U.S. jurisdictions are no longer subject for income tax examinations by authorities for tax years before 2010.The Company’s current intention is to reinvest the total amount of its unremitted earnings in the local international tax jurisdiction or to repatriate theearnings only when tax effective. As such, the Company has not provided for U.S. taxes on the unremitted earnings of its international subsidiaries. Uponrepatriation of those earnings, in the form of dividends or otherwise, the Company may be subject to U.S. income taxes (subject to an adjustment for foreign taxcredits) and withholding taxes payable to the various foreign countries. Determination of the amount of the unrecognized deferred U.S. income tax liability is notpractical due to the complexity associated with this hypothetical calculation.9. DebtOn November 19, 2015, the Company entered into an amended and restated loan and security agreement with a lender (the “Loan Agreement”) providing forup to a $20.0 million asset based line of credit (the “Line of Credit”). Under the Line of Credit, the Company can borrow up to $20.0 million. Borrowings under theLine of Credit are secured by substantially all of the Company’s assets, excluding intellectual property. Outstanding amounts under the Line of Credit accrueinterest at a rate equal to the prime rate or the LIBOR rate plus 2.5%. Under the Loan Agreement, the Company must comply with certain financial covenants,including maintaining a minimum asset coverage ratio. If the outstanding principal during any month is at least $15.0 million, the Company must also maintain aminimum net income threshold based on non-GAAP operating measures. Failure to comply with these covenants, or the occurrence of an event of default, couldpermit the lender under the Line of Credit to declare all amounts borrowed under the Line of Credit, together with accrued interest and fees, to be immediately dueand payable. The Company was in compliance with all covenants under the Line of Credit as of December 31, 2016. As the Company has not drawn on the Line ofCredit, there are no amounts outstanding as of December 31, 2016.On December 31, 2015, the Company entered into an equipment financing agreement with a lender (the “December 2015 Equipment Financing Agreement”)to finance the purchase of $604 in computer equipment. In February 2016, the Company drew down $604 under the December 2015 Equipment FinancingAgreement, and the liability was recorded at fair value using a market interest rate. The Company is repaying its obligation over a two year period through January2018, and the amount outstanding was $333 as of December 31, 2016. F-28Table of Contents10. Accrued ExpensesAccrued expenses consist of the following: December 31, 2016 2015 Accrued payroll and related benefits $7,089 $5,393 Accrued sales and other taxes 2,275 1,728 Accrued professional fees and outside contractors 1,082 1,023 Accrued content delivery 2,013 2,112 Accrued other liabilities 3,246 2,593 Total $15,705 $12,849 11. Segment InformationDisclosure requirements about segments of an enterprise and related information establishes standards for reporting information regarding operatingsegments in annual financial statements and requires selected information of those segments to be presented in interim financial reports issued to stockholders.Operating segments are identified as components of an enterprise about which separate discrete financial information is available for evaluation by the chiefoperating decision-maker, or decision-making group, in making decisions on how to allocate resources and assess performance. The Company’s chief decisionmaker is its chief executive officer. The Company and the chief decision maker view the Company’s operations and manage its business as one operating segment.Geographic DataTotal revenue to unaffiliated customers by geographic area, based on the location of the customer, was as follows: Year Ended December 31, 2016 2015 2014 Revenue: North America $92,912 $86,106 $75,419 Europe 25,196 25,380 30,624 Japan 15,230 9,061 7,902 Asia Pacific 15,617 12,380 10,109 Other 1,311 1,779 963 Total revenue $150,266 $134,706 $125,017 North America is comprised of revenue from the United States, Canada and Mexico. Revenue from customers located in the United States was $87,302,$80,455 and $69,778 during the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014, respectively. Revenue from customers located in Japan was $15,230, $9,061 and$7,902 during the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014, respectively. During the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2015, no other countrycontributed more than 10% of the Company’s total revenue.As of December 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015, property and equipment at locations outside the U.S. was not material.12. 401(k) Savings PlanThe Company maintains a defined contribution savings plan covering all eligible U.S. employees under Section 401(k) of the Internal Revenue Code.Company contributions to the plan may be made at the discretion of the Board. During the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014, the Company has madecontributions to the plan of $336, $276 and $199, respectively. F-29Table of Contents13. Quarterly Financial Data (unaudited) For the three months ended: Dec. 31, 2016 Sep. 30, 2016 Jun. 30, 2016 Mar. 31, 2016 Dec. 31, 2015 Sep. 30, 2015 Jun. 30, 2015 Mar. 31, 2015 Revenue $38,625 $38,389 $36,960 $36,292 $35,136 $33,837 $32,848 $32,885 Gross profit 23,272 24,612 23,507 23,028 23,321 22,325 21,290 21,293 Loss from operations (3,684) (1,552) (2,211) (1,531) (214) (1,025) (3,151) (2,541) Net income (loss) (4,363) (1,618) (2,398) (1,607) 172 (1,275) (3,646) (2,831) Basic net income (loss) per share (0.13) (0.05) (0.07) (0.05) 0.01 (0.04) (0.11) (0.09) Diluted net income (loss) per share (0.13) (0.05) (0.07) (0.05) 0.01 (0.04) (0.11) (0.09) Item 9.Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial DisclosureNone. Item 9A.Controls and ProceduresEvaluation of Disclosure Controls and ProceduresOur management, with the participation of our principal executive officer and principal financial officer, has evaluated the effectiveness of our disclosurecontrols and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”)), as of the endof the period covered by this Annual Report on Form 10-K. Based on such evaluation, our principal executive officer and principal financial officer have concludedthat as of such date, our disclosure controls and procedures were effective.Management’s Annual Report on Internal Control over Financial ReportingOur management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting as defined in Rule 13a-15(f) or 15d-15(f)of the Exchange Act. Internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reportingand the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and includes those policies andprocedures that: (i) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of our assets;(ii) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally acceptedaccounting principles, and that our receipts and expenditures are being made only in accordance with authorizations of our management and directors; and(iii) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use or disposition of our assets that could have a materialeffect on our financial statements.Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation ofeffectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance withthe policies or procedures may deteriorate.Our management assessed the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2016 using the criteria set forth by theCommittee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO) in its Internal Control-Integrated Framework (2013). Based on this assessment andthose criteria, management concluded that our internal control over financial reporting was effective as of December 31, 2016. F-30Table of ContentsThe effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2016 has been audited by Ernst & Young LLP, an independentregistered public accounting firm, as stated in their report which is included herein.Changes in Internal Control over Financial ReportingThere were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting during our most recent fiscal quarter that have materially affected, or are reasonablylikely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting. F-31Table of ContentsReport of Independent Registered Public Accounting FirmThe Board of Directors and Stockholders ofBrightcove Inc.We have audited Brightcove Inc.’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2016, based on criteria established in Internal Control-Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (2013 framework) (the COSO criteria). BrightcoveInc.’s management is responsible for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting, and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal controlover financial reporting included in the accompanying Management’s Annual Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting. Our responsibility is to expressan opinion on the company’s internal control over financial reporting based on our audit.We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require thatwe plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all materialrespects. Our audit included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, testing andevaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk, and performing such other procedures as we considered necessaryin the circumstances. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion.A company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reportingand the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A company’s internal control overfinancial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (1) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect thetransactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation offinancial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only inaccordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection ofunauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation ofeffectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance withthe policies or procedures may deteriorate.In our opinion, Brightcove Inc. maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2016, based on theCOSO criteria.We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States), the consolidated balance sheetsas of December 31, 2016 and 2015, and the related consolidated statements of operations, comprehensive loss, stockholders’ equity and cash flows for each of thethree years in the period ended December 31, 2016 of Brightcove Inc. and our report dated February 21, 2017 expressed an unqualified opinion thereon./s/ Ernst & Young LLPBoston, MassachusettsFebruary 21, 2017 61Table of ContentsItem 9B.Other InformationNone.PART III Item 10.Directors, Executive Officers, and Corporate GovernanceIncorporated by reference from the information in our Proxy Statement for our 2017 Annual Meeting of Stockholders, which we will file with the SECwithin 120 days of the end of the fiscal year to which this Annual Report on Form 10-K relates. Item 11.Executive CompensationIncorporated by reference from the information in our Proxy Statement for our 2017 Annual Meeting of Stockholders, which we will file with the SECwithin 120 days of the end of the fiscal year to which this Annual Report on Form 10-K relates. Item 12.Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder MattersIncorporated by reference from the information in our Proxy Statement for our 2017 Annual Meeting of Stockholders, which we will file with the SECwithin 120 days of the end of the fiscal year to which this Annual Report on Form 10-K relates. Item 13.Certain Relationships and Related Transactions and Director IndependenceIncorporated by reference from the information in our Proxy Statement for our 2017 Annual Meeting of Stockholders, which we will file with the SECwithin 120 days of the end of the fiscal year to which this Annual Report on Form 10-K relates. Item 14.Principal Accountant Fees and ServicesIncorporated by reference from the information in our Proxy Statement for our 2017 Annual Meeting of Stockholders, which we will file with the SECwithin 120 days of the end of the fiscal year to which this Annual Report on Form 10-K relates.PART IV Item 15.Exhibits, Financial Statements and Schedules(a)(1) Financial Statements.The response to this portion of Item 15 is set forth under Item 8 above.(a)(2) Financial Statement Schedules.All schedules have been omitted because they are not required or because the required information is given in the Consolidated Financial Statements orNotes thereto set forth under Item 8 above.(a)(3) Exhibits.See the Exhibit Index immediately following the signature page of this Annual Report on Form 10-K. The exhibits listed in the Exhibit Index below are filedor incorporated by reference as part of this Annual Report on Form 10-K. Item 16.Form 10-K SummaryNot applicable. 62Table of ContentsSignaturesPursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on itsbehalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized. BRIGHTCOVE INC.By: /s/ David Mendels David Mendels Chief Executive Officer 63Table of ContentsPOWER OF ATTORNEYEach person whose individual signature appears below hereby constitutes and appoints Kevin R. Rhodes and David Plotkin, and each of them, with fullpower of substitution and resubstitution and full power to act without the other, as his or her true and lawful attorney-in-fact and agent to act in his or her name,place and stead and to execute in the name and on behalf of each person, individually and in each capacity stated below, and to file any and all amendments to thisAnnual Report on Form 10-K, and to file the same, with all exhibits thereto, and other documents in connection therewith, with the Securities and ExchangeCommission, granting unto said attorneys-in-fact and agents, and each of them, full power and authority to do and perform each and every act and thing, ratifyingand confirming all that said attorneys-in-fact and agents or any of them or their or his substitute or substitutes may lawfully do or cause to be done by virtuethereof.Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the registrantand in the capacities and on the dates indicated. Name Title Date/s/ David MendelsDavid Mendels Chief Executive Officer and Director (Principal ExecutiveOfficer) February 21, 2017/s/ Kevin R. RhodesKevin R. Rhodes Chief Financial Officer(Principal Financial Officer) February 21, 2017/s/ Christopher StagnoChristopher Stagno Chief Accounting Officer(Principal Accounting Officer) February 21, 2017/s/ Gary HaroianGary Haroian Chairman of the Board of Directors February 21, 2017/s/ Deborah BesemerDeborah Besemer Director February 21, 2017/s/ Derek HarrarDerek Harrar Director February 21, 2017/s/ Chet KapoorChet Kapoor Director February 21, 2017/s/ Scott KurnitScott Kurnit Director February 21, 2017/s/ David OrfaoDavid Orfao Director February 21, 2017 64Table of ContentsEXHIBIT INDEX Exhibits 2.1* (1) Agreement and Plan of Merger, dated as of July 26, 2012, by and among the Registrant, Zebra Acquisition Corporation, Zencoder Inc. andthe Securityholders’ Representative named therein. 2.2* (2) Asset Purchase Agreement and Plan of Reorganization, dated as of January 6, 2014, by and among the Registrant, Cacti Acquisition LLC,Unicorn Media, Inc., Unicorn Media of Arizona, Inc., U Media Limited and the Securityholders’ Representative named therein. 3.1* (3) Eleventh Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation. 3.2* (4) Amended and Restated By-Laws. 4.1* (5) Form of Common Stock certificate of the Registrant. 4.2* (6) Second Amended and Restated Investor Rights Agreement dated January 17, 2007, by and among the Registrant, the investors listedtherein, and Jeremy Allaire, as amended. 4.3* (7) Warrant to Purchase Stock dated August 31, 2006 issued by the Registrant to TriplePoint Capital LLC. 4.4* (8) Brightcove Inc. RSU Inducement Plan. 4.5* (9) Form of Restricted Stock Unit Award Agreement under the Brightcove Inc. 2012 RSU Inducement Plan.10.1* (10) Form of Indemnification Agreement between the Registrant and its directors and executive officers.10.2†* (11) Amended and Restated 2004 Stock Option and Incentive Plan of the Registrant, together with forms of award agreement.10.3†* (12) 2012 Stock Incentive Plan of the Registrant.10.4†* (13) Form of Incentive Stock Option Agreement under the 2012 Stock Incentive Plan.10.5† (14) Form of Non-Qualified Stock Option Agreement for Company Employees under the 2012 Stock Incentive Plan.10.6* (15) Lease dated February 28, 2007 between Mortimer B. Zuckerman, Edward H. Linde and Michael A. Cantalupa, as Trustees of OneCambridge Center Trust and Brightcove Inc., as amended.10.7* (16) Lease dated June 15, 2011 between BP Russia Wharf LLC and Brightcove Inc.10.8* (17) Loan and Security Agreement dated March 30, 2011 between Silicon Valley Bank and Brightcove Inc., as amended.10.9* (18) Second Loan Modification Agreement dated April 29, 2013 between Silicon Valley Bank and Brightcove Inc.10.10* (19) Third Loan Modification Agreement dated October 3, 2014 between Silicon Valley Bank and Brightcove Inc.10.11* (20) Loan and Security Agreement dated November 19, 2015 between Silicon Valley Bank and Brightcove Inc.10.12†* (21) Employment Agreement dated August 8, 2011 between the Registrant and Jeremy Allaire.10.13†* (22) Employment Agreement dated August 8, 2011 between the Registrant and David Mendels.10.14†* (23) Employment Agreement dated August 8, 2011 between the Registrant and Edward Godin.10.15†* (24) Employment Agreement dated August 8, 2011 between the Registrant and Andrew Feinberg. 65Table of ContentsExhibits 10.16* (25) Employment Separation Agreement dated January 2, 2013 between the Registrant and Edward Godin.10.17†* (26) Amended and Restated Employment Agreement dated July 25, 2013 between Brightcove Inc. and Jeremy Allaire10.18†* (27) Letter Agreement dated August 25, 2014 between the Registrant and Christopher Menard related to Mr. Menard’s resignation and separationfrom employment with the Registrant.10.19†* (28) Employment Agreement dated October 1, 2014 between the Registrant and Jon Corley.10.20†* (29) Employment Agreement dated October 1, 2014 between the Registrant and Paul Goetz.10.21†* (30) Employment Agreement dated November 3, 2014 between the Registrant and Kevin R. Rhodes.10.22†* (31) Non-Employee Director Compensation Policy.10.23†* (32) Senior Executive Incentive Bonus Plan.10.24†* (33) Form of Restricted Stock Unit Award Agreement under the 2012 Stock Incentive Plan.10.25†* (34) Form of Restricted Stock Unit Award Agreement for Company Employees under the 2012 Stock Incentive Plan.10.26†* (35) Form of Restricted Stock Unit Award Agreement for Non-Employee Directors under the 2012 Stock Incentive Plan.10.27* (36) Form of Non-Qualified Stock Option Agreement for Non-Employee Directors under the 2012 Stock Incentive Plan.21.1** Subsidiaries of the Registrant.23.1** Consent of Ernst & Young LLP, Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm.24.1** Power of Attorney (included on signature page).31.1** Certification of Chief Executive Officer Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.31.2** Certification of Chief Financial Officer Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.32.1**• Certification of Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.101.INS** XBRL Instance Document.101.SCH** XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document.101.CAL** XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document.101.DEF** XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document.101.LAB** XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document.101.PRE** XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document. (1)Filed as Exhibit 2.1 to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on July 26, 2012.(2)Filed as Exhibit 2.1 to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on January 6, 2014.(3)Filed as Exhibit 3.2 to Amendment No. 5 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form S-1 filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission onFebruary 6, 2012. 66Table of Contents(4)Filed as Exhibit 3.3 to Amendment No. 5 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form S-1 filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission onFebruary 6, 2012.(5)Filed as Exhibit 4.1 to Amendment No. 5 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form S-1 filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission onFebruary 6, 2012.(6)Filed as Exhibit 4.2 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form S-1 filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on August 24, 2011.(7)Filed as Exhibit 4.4 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form S-1 filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on August 24, 2011.(8)Filed as Exhibit 4.4 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form S-8 filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on August 14, 2012.(9)Filed as Exhibit 4.5 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form S-8 filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on August 14, 2012.(10)Filed as Exhibit 10.1 to Amendment No. 5 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form S-1 filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission onFebruary 6, 2012.(11)Filed as Exhibit 10.2 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form S-1 filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on August 24, 2011.(12)Filed as Exhibit 10.3 to Amendment No. 5 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form S-1 filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission onFebruary 6, 2012.(13)Filed as Exhibit 10.4 to Amendment No. 5 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form S-1 filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission onFebruary 6, 2012.(14)Filed as Exhibit 10.5 to Amendment No. 5 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form S-1 filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission onFebruary 6, 2012.(15)Filed as Exhibit 10.6 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form S-1 filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on August 24, 2011.(16)Filed as Exhibit 10.7 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form S-1 filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on August 24, 2011.(17)Filed as Exhibit 10.8 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form S-1 filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on August 24, 2011.(18)Filed as Exhibit 10.1 to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on April 30, 2013.(19)Filed as Exhibit 10.1 to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on October 7, 2014.(20)Filed as Exhibit 10.1 to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on November 20, 2015.(21)Filed as Exhibit 10.9 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form S-1 filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on August 24, 2011.(22)Filed as Exhibit 10.10 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form S-1 filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on August 24, 2011.(23)Filed as Exhibit 10.11 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form S-1 filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on August 24, 2011.(24)Filed as Exhibit 10.13 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form S-1 filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on August 24, 2011.(25)Filed as Exhibit 10.14 to the Registrant’s Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on March 5, 2013.(26)Filed as Exhibit 10.1 to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on July 25, 2013.(27)Filed as Exhibit 10.1 to the Registrant’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on November 3, 2014.(28)Filed as Exhibit 10.2 to the Registrant’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on November 3, 2014.(29)Filed as Exhibit 10.3 to the Registrant’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on November 3, 2014. 67Table of Contents(30)Filed as Exhibit 10.1 to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on November 10, 2014.(31)Filed as Exhibit 10.14 to Amendment No. 5 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form S-1 filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission onFebruary 6, 2012.(32)Filed as Exhibit 10.15 to Amendment No. 5 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form S-1 filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission onFebruary 6, 2012.(33)Filed as Exhibit 10.16 to Amendment No. 5 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form S-1 filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission onFebruary 6, 2012.(34)Filed as Exhibit 10.17 to Amendment No. 5 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form S-1 filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission onFebruary 6, 2012.(35)Filed as Exhibit 10.18 to Amendment No. 5 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form S-1 filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission onFebruary 6, 2012.(36)Filed as Exhibit 10.19 to Amendment No. 5 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form S-1 filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission onFebruary 6, 2012.*Incorporated herein by reference.**Filed herewith.• The certifications furnished in Exhibit 32.1 hereto are deemed to accompany this Annual Report on Form 10-K and will not be deemed “filed” for purposesof Section 18 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. Such certifications will not be deemed to be incorporated by reference into any filingsunder the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, except to the extent that the Registrant specificallyincorporates it by reference.†Indicates a management contract or any compensatory plan, contract or arrangement. 68Exhibit 21.1Subsidiaries of the Registrant Name Jurisdiction of OrganizationBrightcove UK Ltd UKBrightcove Singapore Pte. Ltd. SingaporeBrightcove K.K. JapanBrightcove Korea KoreaBrightcove Australia Pty Ltd AustraliaBrightcove Holdings, Inc. DelawareZencoder Inc. DelawareBrightcove FZ-LLC United Arab EmiratesCacti Acquisition LLC DelawareExhibit 23.1Consent of Independent Registered Public Accounting FirmWe consent to the incorporation by reference in the following Registration Statements: (1)Registration Statement (Form S-8 No. 333-179966) pertaining to the Amended and Restated 2004 Stock Option and Incentive Plan of Brightcove Inc.and the Brightcove Inc. 2012 Stock Incentive Plan, (2)Registration Statement (Form S-8 No. 333-183315) pertaining to the Brightcove Inc. 2012 RSU Inducement Plan, (3)Registration Statement (Form S-8 No. 333-187051) pertaining to the Brightcove Inc. 2012 Stock Incentive Plan, (4)Registration Statement (Form S-3 No. 333-192131) of Brightcove Inc., (5)Registration Statement (Form S-8 No. 333-193701) pertaining to the Brightcove Inc. 2014 Stock Option Inducement Plan and the Brightcove Inc.2012 Stock Incentive Plan, (6)Registration Statement (Form S-8 No. 333-202540) pertaining to the Brightcove Inc. 2012 Stock Incentive Plan, and (7)Registration Statement (Form S-8 No. 333-209770) pertaining to the Brightcove Inc. 2012 Stock Incentive Plan;of our reports dated February 21, 2017, with respect to the consolidated financial statements of Brightcove Inc. and the effectiveness of internal control overfinancial reporting of Brightcove Inc. included in this Annual Report (Form 10-K) of Brightcove Inc. for the year ended December 31, 2016. /s/ Ernst & Young LLPBoston, MassachusettsFebruary 21, 2017Exhibit 31.1CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO RULE 13a-14(a) OR 15d-14(a) OFTHE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934,AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO SECTION 302 OFTHE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002I, David Mendels, certify that: 1.I have reviewed this Annual Report on Form 10-K of Brightcove Inc.; 2.Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make thestatements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by thisreport; 3.Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects thefinancial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report; 4.The registrant’s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined inExchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have: a)Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, toensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within thoseentities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared; b)Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under oursupervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements forexternal purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles; c)Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about theeffectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; d)Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recentfiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely tomaterially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and 5.The registrant’s other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to theregistrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions): a)All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which arereasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and b)Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internalcontrol over financial reporting. Date: February 21, 2017 By: /s/ David Mendels David Mendels Chief Executive Officer (Principal Executive Officer)Exhibit 31.2CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO RULE 13a-14(a) OR 15d-14(a) OFTHE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934,AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO SECTION 302 OFTHE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002I, Kevin R. Rhodes, certify that: 1.I have reviewed this Annual Report on Form 10-K of Brightcove Inc.; 2.Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make thestatements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by thisreport; 3.Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects thefinancial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report; 4.The registrant’s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined inExchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have: a)Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, toensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within thoseentities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared; b)Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under oursupervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements forexternal purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles; c)Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about theeffectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; d)Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recentfiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely tomaterially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and 5.The registrant’s other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to theregistrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions): a)All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which arereasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and b)Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internalcontrol over financial reporting. Date: February 21, 2017 By: /s/ Kevin R. Rhodes Kevin R. Rhodes Chief Financial Officer (Principal Financial Officer) Exhibit 32.1CERTIFICATION OF CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER AND CHIEF FINANCIAL OFFICERPURSUANT TO18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350,AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TOSECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002In connection with the Annual Report on Form 10-K of Brightcove Inc. for the year ended December 31, 2016 as filed with the Securities and ExchangeCommission on the date hereof (the “Report”), David Mendels, as Chief Executive Officer of Brightcove Inc., hereby certifies, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350,as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that, to the best of his knowledge the Report fully complies with the requirements ofSection 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, and the information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financialcondition and results of operations of Brightcove Inc. Date: February 21, 2017 By: /s/ David Mendels David Mendels Chief Executive Officer (Principal Executive Officer)In connection with the Annual Report on Form 10-K of Brightcove Inc. for the year ended December 31, 2016 as filed with the Securities and ExchangeCommission on the date hereof (the “Report”), Kevin R. Rhodes, as Chief Financial Officer of Brightcove Inc., hereby certifies, pursuant to 18 U.S.C.Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that, to the best of his knowledge the Report fully complies with therequirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, and the information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects,the financial condition and results of operations of Brightcove Inc. Date: February 21, 2017 By: /s/ Kevin R. Rhodes Kevin R. Rhodes Chief Financial Officer (Principal Financial Officer)
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